taxonID	type	description	language	source
03EE483CFE272D6BFF00F90BFE9EF776.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. This genus can be distinguished from other genera of Ophioninae by the following combination of character states: (1) mandible not twisted, barely tapered, with symmetric teeth or upper tooth slightly longer than lower one, usually with a swelling and oblique groove on its basal surface (Figs 1, 8, 10, 16, 18, 25, 27); (2) in lateral view, clypeus strongly convex, its lower part abruptly strongly curved backward (Figs 10, 18, 27) and in frontal profile its lower margin nearly straight (Figs 1, 8, 16, 25); (3) occipital carina complete except for lower end absent and not joined to hypostomal carina and base of mandible (Figs 9, 10, 17, 18, 26, 27); (4) ocelli large and posterior ones adjacent with eyes (Figs 1, 8 – 10, 16 – 18, 25 – 27); (5) posterior transverse carina on mesosternum complete, rarely interrupted in a few Australasian species (i. e., L. anici Gauld, 1977, and L. antennatus (Morley, 1912 )); (6) notauli faintly present as vestiges or completely absent (Figs 11, 19, 28); (7) epicnemial carina on mesopleuron present and its upper end reaching above level of lower margin of pronotum (Figs 11, 19, 28); (8) anterior transverse carina on propodeum developed but in a few species its outer end absent (Figs 11, 12, 19, 20, 28, 29); (9) posterior transverse carina on propodeum virtually absent but often with vestiges laterally (Figs 11, 12, 19, 20, 28, 29); (10) fore wing with a glabrous area on anterior corner of discosubmarginal cell, and virtually all species without sclerites there, except for a Filipino species, L. pterospilus Gauld & Mitchell, 1981, which has a distinct sclerite; (11) 1 m-cu on fore wing sinuous or curved, usually without ramellus (Figs 2, 32 – 34); (12) hind wing usually with an apparently elongated penultimate hamulus on R 1 (Fig. 13), while occasionally with uniform hamuli (Figs 21, 30); (13) tibial spur of fore leg without a membranous flange; (14) mid and hind trochanters simple; and (15) distal pecten of hind tarsal claw developed and significantly longer than true apex of claw (Figs 14, 22, 31).	en	Shimizu, So, Watanabe, Kyohei, Maeto, Kaoru (2016): Revision of the Taiwanese species of the genus Leptophion Cameron, 1901 (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae: Ophioninae), with a discussion of their phenology and distribution. Zootaxa 4144 (1): 71-88, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4144.1.3
03EE483CFE272D6BFF00F90BFE9EF776.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Australasian, Oceanic, Oriental, and Palaearctic regions (Gauld 1977; Gauld & Mitchell 1981; Shimizu & Watanabe 2015 a). Bionomics. Host is unknown. Adult wasps are often collected in LT in rainforests.	en	Shimizu, So, Watanabe, Kyohei, Maeto, Kaoru (2016): Revision of the Taiwanese species of the genus Leptophion Cameron, 1901 (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae: Ophioninae), with a discussion of their phenology and distribution. Zootaxa 4144 (1): 71-88, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4144.1.3
03EE483CFE272D6BFF00F90BFE9EF776.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Most Leptophion species are known from the Australasian region while only a few species are distributed in the Oceanic and Oriental regions and the southeastern part of the Palaearctic region. In Taiwan, three species (i. e., L. maculipennis of the maculipennis species-complex, and L. radiatus and L. giganteus Shimizu & Watanabe, sp. nov., both of which belong to the radiatus species-complex) are found (Gauld & Mitchell 1981; Shimizu & Watanabe 2015 a, b) and they can easily be distinguished from each other by the following key.	en	Shimizu, So, Watanabe, Kyohei, Maeto, Kaoru (2016): Revision of the Taiwanese species of the genus Leptophion Cameron, 1901 (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae: Ophioninae), with a discussion of their phenology and distribution. Zootaxa 4144 (1): 71-88, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4144.1.3
03EE483CFE202D6FFF00FF40FE7CF4C8.taxon	description	Head (Figs 8 – 10) with FI = 0.5 – 0.7. Face 0.8 – 0.9 times as wide as high, polished, entirely covered with punctures and hairs, with a longitudinal ridge on upper central area (Fig. 8). Clypeus 0.5 times as long as wide, strongly polished with sparse punctures and fine hairs, strongly convex in lateral profile (Fig. 10) and nearly straight in frontal view (Fig. 8). Malar space 0.3 – 0.4 times as long as basal width of mandible. Mandible weakly tapered, its outer surface with a swelling and an oblique groove (Figs 8, 10). Upper tooth of mandible more or less longer than lower one. Frons, vertex and gena strongly polished with fine punctures and hairs. Posterior ocellus adjacent to eye (Figs 8 – 10). Antennae with 66 – 69 flagellomeres. First flagellomere 7.0 – 8.4 times as long as wide and 2.1 – 3.1 times as long as second flagellomere. Mesosoma (Figs 11, 12) moderately or strongly polished, entirely covered with hairs. Pronotum strongly polished with fine punctures and hairs. Mesoscutum 1.4 – 1.5 times as long as wide and evenly covered with fine punctures and hairs, without notauli (Fig. 11). Scutellum with lateral longitudinal carinae developed on anterior 0.8 – 0.9 (Fig. 11). Epicnemium with punctures or diagonal striae (Fig. 11). Epicnemial carina present, its upper end not reaching anterior margin of mesopleuron (Fig. 11). Mesopleuron and metapleuron smooth with sparse hairs. Submetapleural carina present. Propodeum in lateral profile rounded (Fig. 11), with median longitudinal carinae and some irregular rugae (Fig. 12). Anterior transverse carina on propodeum complete, its outer end joined to pleural carina (Figs 11, 12) Wings (Figs 13, 32). Fore wing 15.0 – 17.0 mm with AI = 1.0 – 1.4; CI = 0.2 – 0.4; DI = 0.5 – 0.6; ICI = 0.7 – 0.9; SDI = 0.7 – 0.9 (Fig. 32). 1 m-cu of fore wing strongly sinuous (Fig. 32). Proximal 0.4 of Rs + 2 r of fore wing broadened and weakly curved, distal 0.6 simple and straight (Fig. 32). Discosubmarginal cell of fore wing with a glabrous area below pterostigma. Postero-distal corner of second discal cell of fore wing 90 – 95 ° (Fig. 32). Hind wing with NI = 1.1 – 1.2. Rs of hind wing strongly abruptly curved (Fig. 32). Marginal cell of hind wing entirely setose, its proximal part with an area with isolated dense hairs enclosed by glabrous area. Proximal corner of marginal cell of hind wing about 95 ° (Fig. 32). R 1 of hind wing with 5 – 6 non-uniform hamuli and its penultimate hamulus significantly elongated (Fig. 13). Legs (Fig. 14). Hind coxa rounded and 1.9 – 2.0 times as long as wide. Hind femur 0.7 – 0.8 times as long as tibia. Hind basitarsus 1.8 – 2.0 times as long as second tarsomere. Distal pecten of hind tarsal claw developed and significantly longer than true apex of claw (Fig. 14). Metasoma polished with hairs and PI = 2.1 – 2.5; DMI = 1.1 – 1.3. Male (n = 3). Very similar to female. Colouration (Figs 5, 15, 32). Pale amber or yellowish brown except for the apex of mandible and mesosoma as below. Apex of mandible brown to black. Pronotum, mesopleuron, metapleuron, and propodeum black or amber, the extent of black areas varying (Fig. 15). Mesoscutum with three longitudinal vittae, both lateral vittae brown, middle vitta pale brown. Ovipositor brownish amber and its sheath dark brown. Venation of wings dark brown except for white part of pterostigma (Fig. 32). Wings entirely hyaline except for proximal area of marginal cell of fore wing with an infumate area (Fig. 32). Variation. In spite of morphological uniformity, a wide colour variation is recognized (Fig. 15).	en	Shimizu, So, Watanabe, Kyohei, Maeto, Kaoru (2016): Revision of the Taiwanese species of the genus Leptophion Cameron, 1901 (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae: Ophioninae), with a discussion of their phenology and distribution. Zootaxa 4144 (1): 71-88, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4144.1.3
03EE483CFE202D6FFF00FF40FE7CF4C8.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Australasian region (Australia and Papua New Guinea) and Oriental region (China, India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Nepal, Sri Lanka, and Taiwan) (Yu et al. 2012). Taiwan (Chiayi County, Kaohsiung City, Nantou County, New Taipei City, Pingtung County, and Taitung County) (Fig. 35) Bionomics. Host is unknown. The specimens were collected in LT and MT in forests.	en	Shimizu, So, Watanabe, Kyohei, Maeto, Kaoru (2016): Revision of the Taiwanese species of the genus Leptophion Cameron, 1901 (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae: Ophioninae), with a discussion of their phenology and distribution. Zootaxa 4144 (1): 71-88, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4144.1.3
03EE483CFE202D6FFF00FF40FE7CF4C8.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Yu et al. (2012) accept the specific name, “ orientalis ”, but we adopt “ maculipennis ”, because the specific name “ orientalis ” was provided unnecessarily by Morley (1912) as a new name for “ maculipennis ” and Gauld (1977) and Gauld & Mitchell (1981) have accepted “ maculipennis ”. This species belongs to the maculipennis species-complex of the maculipennis species-group, characterized by having the distal pecten of the hind tarsal claw developed and significantly longer than the true apex of the claw and the penultimate hamulus significantly elongated (Gauld 1985). This species is one of the most widely distributed Leptophion species across the Australasian and Oriental regions (Gauld & Mitchell 1981; Gauld 1985). There are many synonyms due to the wide range of colour variation, while Gauld & Mitchell (1981) suggested that it is a morphologically uniform species, only showing some variation in the extent of black areas of the mesosoma and metasoma (Fig. 15). This species can easily be distinguished from other species of Leptophion by the following combination of character states: (1) distal pecten of hind tarsal claw developed and significantly longer than the true claw apex (Fig. 14); (2) hind wing with an elongate penultimate hamulus on R 1 (Fig. 13); (3) marginal cell of hind wing entirely setose, its proximal part with an area with isolated dense hairs enclosed by a glabrous area; (4) 1 m-cu of fore wing strongly sinuous (Fig. 32); (5) proximal part of marginal cell of fore wing with an infumate area but postero-proximal part of second subdiscal cell of fore wing hyaline without an infumate area (Fig. 32); (6) proximal corner of marginal cell of hind wing about 95 ° (Fig. 32); and (7) lateral carinae on scutellum developed on anterior 0.8 – 0.9 (Fig. 11).	en	Shimizu, So, Watanabe, Kyohei, Maeto, Kaoru (2016): Revision of the Taiwanese species of the genus Leptophion Cameron, 1901 (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae: Ophioninae), with a discussion of their phenology and distribution. Zootaxa 4144 (1): 71-88, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4144.1.3
03EE483CFE2D2D63FF00F8C1FA3BF787.taxon	materials_examined	Type series. HT: female, Taiwan: Lixing Industry Rd, Ren’ai Township, Nantou County (24 ° 5 ' 41.7 " N 121 ° 9 ' 53.7 " E; ca. 1630 m alt.), 6. x. 2015, S. Shimizu & M. Ito leg. (LT) (TARI). PT: 1 female, Taiwan: Lixing Industry Rd, Ren’ai Township, Nantou County (24 ° 5 ' 41.7 " N 121 ° 9 ' 53.7 " E; ca. 1630 m alt.), 6. x. 2015, S. Shimizu & M. Ito leg. (LT) (TARI); 1 female, Taiwan: Wulai, 31. iii. 1984, K. Ohara leg. (NIAES); 1 female, Taiwan: Tungpu, Nantou County (1200 m alt.), 10 – 14. i. 1983, K. C. Chou & S. P. Huang leg. (TARI); 1 female, Taiwan: Shinten, 20. xii. 1927, K. Shibata leg. (PT of L. radiatus) (SEHU).	en	Shimizu, So, Watanabe, Kyohei, Maeto, Kaoru (2016): Revision of the Taiwanese species of the genus Leptophion Cameron, 1901 (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae: Ophioninae), with a discussion of their phenology and distribution. Zootaxa 4144 (1): 71-88, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4144.1.3
03EE483CFE2D2D63FF00F8C1FA3BF787.taxon	description	Description. Female (n = 5). Head (Figs 16 – 18) with FI = 0.6 – 0.7 (HT: 0.7). Face 0.8 times as wide as high, weakly polished, entirely covered with dense punctures and hairs, with a longitudinal ridge on upper central area (Fig. 16). Clypeus 0.5 (HT: 0.5) times as long as wide, polished with sparse punctures and fine hairs, strongly convex in lateral profile (Fig. 18) and nearly straight in frontal view (Fig. 16). Malar space 0.2 – 0.3 (HT: 0.3) times as long as basal width of mandible. Mandible weakly tapered, its basal and apical surfaces smooth and its median surface with sparse long hairs, basal margin with a swelling and an oblique groove (Figs 16, 18). Upper and lower teeth of mandible same shape. Frons, vertex and gena polished with hairs. Posterior ocellus adjacent to eye (Figs 16 – 18). Antennae with 69 – 75 (HT: 75) flagellomeres. First flagellomere 6.3 – 7.4 (HT: 7.2) times as long as wide and 1.9 – 2.3 (HT: 2.3) times as long as second flagellomere. Mesosoma (Figs 19, 20) moderately or strongly polished, entirely covered with hairs. Pronotum polished and smooth with fine hairs. Mesoscutum 1.4 (HT: 1.4) times as long as wide and evenly covered with fine dense punctures and hairs, without notauli (Fig. 19). Scutellum with lateral longitudinal carinae developed on anterior 0.3 (HT: 0.3) (Fig. 19). Epicnemium polished, entirely covered with punctures and hairs. Epicnemial carina present, its dorsal end not reaching anterior margin of mesopleuron (Fig. 19). Mesopleuron and metapleuron polished with fine punctures and hairs. Submetapleural carina present. Propodeum in lateral profile rounded (Fig. 19), with median longitudinal carinae and irregular rugae and with wide smooth area (Fig. 20). Anterior transverse carina on propodeum sometimes absent laterally, or weak, and its outer end usually not joined to pleural carina (Figs 19, 20). Wings (Figs 21, 33). Fore wing 17.0 – 21.0 (HT: 20.6) mm with AI = 1.1 – 1.4 (HT: 1.3); CI = 0.2 – 0.3 (HT: 0.3); DI = 0.5 – 0.6 (HT: 0.5); ICI = 0.9 – 1.0 (HT: 0.9); SDI = 1.1 – 1.3 (HT: 1.2) (Fig. 33). 1 m-cu of fore wing strongly sinuous (Fig. 33). Proximal 0.4 of Rs + 2 r of fore wing broadened and slightly curved and distal 0.6 simple and straight (Fig. 33). Discosubmarginal cell of fore wing with a glabrous area below pterostigma. Postero-distal corner of second discal cell of fore wing 105 – 110 ° (HT: 110 °) (Fig. 33). Hind wing with NI = 1.5 – 1.8 (HT: 1.7) (Fig. 33). Rs of hind wing nearly straight (Fig. 33). Marginal cell of hind wing entirely setose except for a glabrous area above Rs. Proximal corner of marginal cell of hind wing about 45 ° (Fig. 33). R 1 of hind wing with 6 (HT: 6) uniform hamuli (Fig. 21). Legs (Fig. 22). Hind coxa rounded and 1.8 – 1.9 (HT: 1.8) times as long as wide. Hind femur 0.7 – 0.8 (HT: 0.8) times as long as tibia. Inner tibial spur with a brush along its mesal side and distinctly longer than outer spur. Hind basitarsus 2.0 – 2.6 (HT: 2.3) times as long as second tarsomere. Distal pecten of hind tarsal claw developed and significantly longer than true apex of claw (Fig. 22). Metasoma polished with hairs and PI = 2.3 – 2.6 (HT: 2.3); DMI = 1.2 – 1.3 (HT: 1.3). Male. Unknown. Colouration (Figs 6, 33). Entirely pale yellow except for antenna, apex of mandible, vittae of mesoscutum, and metasoma as below. Antenna brown. Apex of mandible brown to black. Mesoscutum with three longitudinal vittae, both lateral vittae brown, middle vitta pale brown. T 1 and T 2 amber, T 3 to T 8 yellowish or light brown. Ovipositor brownish amber and its sheath dark brown. Venation of wings dark brown except for white part of pterostigma (Fig. 33). Wings weakly infumate except for proximal part of marginal cell of fore wing often with a more or less strongly infumate area, but occasionally same as remainder of cell, and postero-proximal part of second subdiscal cell of fore wing with a distinct infumate area (Fig. 33). Variation. Length of fore wing 17.0 – 21.0 mm.	en	Shimizu, So, Watanabe, Kyohei, Maeto, Kaoru (2016): Revision of the Taiwanese species of the genus Leptophion Cameron, 1901 (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae: Ophioninae), with a discussion of their phenology and distribution. Zootaxa 4144 (1): 71-88, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4144.1.3
03EE483CFE2D2D63FF00F8C1FA3BF787.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Taiwan (Nantou County and New Taipei City) (Fig. 35) Bionomics. Host is unknown. We collected the specimens in LT in a highly natural forest where coniferous and broadleaf trees were mixed (Figs 23, 24).	en	Shimizu, So, Watanabe, Kyohei, Maeto, Kaoru (2016): Revision of the Taiwanese species of the genus Leptophion Cameron, 1901 (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae: Ophioninae), with a discussion of their phenology and distribution. Zootaxa 4144 (1): 71-88, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4144.1.3
03EE483CFE2D2D63FF00F8C1FA3BF787.taxon	etymology	Etymology. This is the largest species in this genus, hence the specific name is derived from the Latin “ giganteus ”, which means “ giant ”.	en	Shimizu, So, Watanabe, Kyohei, Maeto, Kaoru (2016): Revision of the Taiwanese species of the genus Leptophion Cameron, 1901 (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae: Ophioninae), with a discussion of their phenology and distribution. Zootaxa 4144 (1): 71-88, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4144.1.3
03EE483CFE2D2D63FF00F8C1FA3BF787.taxon	discussion	Remarks. This species belongs to the radiatus species-complex of the maculipennis species-group, characterized by the distal pecten of the hind tarsal claw developed and significantly longer than the true claw apex, and the uniform hamuli (Gauld 1985). This species resembles L. radiatus but it can be distinguished from it by the following character states: (1) postero-distal part of second discal cell of fore wing generally obtuse, about 105 – 110 o (it is generally acute, about 85 o in L. radiatus); (2) fore wing with AI = 1.1 – 1.4, ICI = 0.9 – 1.0, SDI = 1.1 – 1.2 (AI = 0.9 – 1.0, ICI = 0.6 – 0.7, SDI = 0.8 – 0.9 in L. radiatus); (3) 1 m-cu of fore wing strongly sinuous (1 m-cu of fore wing abruptly curved in L. radiatus); (4) fore wing weakly infumate with an infumate area on second subdiscal cell (fore wing hyaline with a partial infumate area in the marginal cell and second subdiscal cell in L. radiatus); and (5) fore wing 17.0 – 21.0 mm (fore wing 13.0 – 15.0 mm in L. radiatus). We propose the additional couplets below (*) for the key to Indo-Papuan species of Leptophion provided by Gauld & Mitchell (1981): 10 (9). Lateral longitudinal carinae of scutellum reaching behind centre; fore wing with 1 m-cu strongly sinuous with a trace of ramellus discernible ..................................................... L. vechti Gauld & Mitchell, 1981 - Lateral longitudinal carinae of scutellum present only on anterior 0.2; fore wing with 1 m-cu unevenly curved without a vestige of a ramellus ............................................................................. * 11 * 11 (10). Flagellum proximally black; second subdiscal cell of fore wing entirely hyaline; postero-distal corner of second discal cell of fore wing about 105 o; Papuan .................................. .. L. cheesmanae Gauld & Mitchell, 1981 - Flagellum proximally reddish-brown; postero-proximal corner of second subdiscal cell of fore wing with an infumate area; postero-distal corner of second discal cell of fore wing about 85 – 110 o; Oriental .......................... * 12 * 12 (* 11). 1 m-cu of fore wing strongly sinuous. Postero-distal corner of second discal cell of fore wing making an obtuse angle, about 105 – 110 °. Fore wing with AI = 1.1 – 1.4; ICI = 0.9 – 1.0; SDI = 1.1 – 1.2. Fore wing weakly infumate except for proximal part of marginal cell often with a more or less distinct infumate area, but occasionally not more infumate than rest of cell, and postero-proximal part of second subdiscal cell with a distinct infumate area. Fore wing 17.0 – 21.0 mm ......................................................................... L. giganteus Shimizu & Watanabe, sp. nov. - 1 m-cu of fore wing abruptly curved. Postero-distal corner of second discal cell of fore wing making an acute angle, about 85 °. Fore wing with AI = 0.8 – 0.9; ICI = 0.5 – 0.7; SDI = 0.9 – 1.0. Fore wing hyaline except for proximal part of marginal cell and postero-proximal corner of second subdiscal cell each with infumate areas. Fore wing 13.0 – 15.0 mm ...................................................................................... L. radiatus (Uchida, 1956)	en	Shimizu, So, Watanabe, Kyohei, Maeto, Kaoru (2016): Revision of the Taiwanese species of the genus Leptophion Cameron, 1901 (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae: Ophioninae), with a discussion of their phenology and distribution. Zootaxa 4144 (1): 71-88, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4144.1.3
03EE483CFE2E2D67FF00FB2EFC72F55A.taxon	materials_examined	Redescription based on Taiwanese specimens. Female (n = 48). Head (Figs 25 – 27) with FI = 0.7 (HT: 0.7). Face 0.7 (HT: 0.7) times as wide as high, strongly polished, entirely covered with punctures and hairs, with a longitudinal ridge on upper central area (Fig. 25). Clypeus 0.5 (HT: 0.7) times as long as wide, strongly polished with sparse punctures and fine hairs, strongly convex in lateral profile (Fig. 27) and nearly straight in frontal view (Fig. 25). Malar space 0.2 – 0.3 (HT: 0.2) times as long as basal width of mandible. Mandible weakly tapered, its outer surface with a swelling and an oblique groove (Figs 25, 27). Upper and lower teeth of mandible same shape. Frons, vertex and gena polished with hairs. Posterior ocellus adjacent to eye (Figs 25 – 27). Antennae with 65 – 68 (HT: 65) flagellomeres. First flagellomere 6.7 – 7.8 (HT: 7.8) times as long as wide and 1.5 – 2.0 (HT: 1.8) times as long as second flagellomere.	en	Shimizu, So, Watanabe, Kyohei, Maeto, Kaoru (2016): Revision of the Taiwanese species of the genus Leptophion Cameron, 1901 (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae: Ophioninae), with a discussion of their phenology and distribution. Zootaxa 4144 (1): 71-88, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4144.1.3
03EE483CFE2E2D67FF00FB2EFC72F55A.taxon	description	Mesosoma (Figs 28, 29) moderately or strongly polished, entirely covered with hairs. Pronotum strongly polished with fine punctures and hairs. Mesoscutum 1.3 – 1.4 (HT: 1.4) times as long as wide and evenly weakly polished and covered with fine punctures and hairs, without notauli (Fig. 28). Scutellum with lateral longitudinal carinae developed on anterior 0.2 – 0.3 (HT: 0.3) (Fig. 28). Epicnemium polished with punctures and hairs. Epicnemial carina present, its dorsal end not reaching anterior margin of mesopleuron (Fig. 28). Mesopleuron smooth and strongly polished with sparse hairs. Metapleuron strongly polished with fine punctures and hairs. Submetapleural carina present. Propodeum in lateral profile rounded (Fig. 28), with median longitudinal carinae and irregular rugae and with wide smooth area (Fig. 29). Anterior transverse carina on propodeum usually complete laterally, or sometimes weak, and its outer end usually joined to pleural carina (Figs 28, 29). Wings (Figs 30, 34). Fore wing 14.0 – 15.0 (HT: 14.0) mm with AI = 0.8 – 0.9 (HT: 0.8); CI = 0.2 – 0.3 (HT: 0.3); DI = 0.5 (HT: 0.5); ICI = 0.5 – 0.7 (HT: 0.7); SDI = 0.9 – 1.0 (HT: 0.9) (Fig. 34). 1 m-cu on fore wing slightly sinuate (Fig. 34). Proximal 0.5 – 0.6 of Rs + 2 r of fore wing broadened and undulate and distal 0.4 – 0.5 simple and straight (Fig. 34). Discosubmarginal cell of fore wing with a glabrous area below pterostigma. Postero-distal corner of second discal cell of fore wing about 85 ° (Fig. 34). Hind wing with NI = 1.1 – 1.5 (HT: 1.4) (Fig. 34). Rs of hind wing slightly curved (Fig. 34). Marginal cell of hind wing entirely covered with hairs except for a glabrous area above Rs. Proximal corner of marginal cell of hind wing about 45 ° (Fig. 34). R 1 of hind wing with 5 – 6 (HT: 5) uniform hamuli (Fig. 30). Legs (Fig. 31). Hind coxa elongate and 2.2 – 2.5 (HT: 2.5) times as long as wide. Hind femur 0.8 (HT: 0.8) times as long as tibia. Hind basitarsus 1.8 – 2.1 (HT: 1.9) times as long as second tarsomere. Distal pecten of hind tarsal claw developed and significantly longer than true claw apex (Fig. 31). Metasoma polished with hairs and PI = 2.3 – 2.6 (HT: 2.6); DMI = 1.1 – 1.2 (HT: 1.2). Male (n = 3). Virtually all characteristics similar to female, however smaller than female as follows: fore wing 11.0 – 11.5 mm in male (fore wing 14.0 – 15.0 mm in female). Colouration (Figs 7, 34). Similar to L. giganteus sp. nov. but more yellowish or brownish (Figs 6, 7). Entirely orange or brown except for apex of mandible, vittae of mesoscutum, and metasoma as below. Apex of mandible brown to black. Mesoscutum with three longitudinal vittae, both lateral vittae brown, middle vitta pale brown. Metasoma amber and yellowish or light brown. Ovipositor brownish amber and its sheath dark brown. Venation of wings dark brown except for white part of pterostigma. Wings hyaline except for proximal part of marginal cell and postero-proximal part of second subdiscal cell of fore wing each with an infumate area (Fig. 34).	en	Shimizu, So, Watanabe, Kyohei, Maeto, Kaoru (2016): Revision of the Taiwanese species of the genus Leptophion Cameron, 1901 (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae: Ophioninae), with a discussion of their phenology and distribution. Zootaxa 4144 (1): 71-88, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4144.1.3
03EE483CFE2E2D67FF00FB2EFC72F55A.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Oriental region (India, Laos, Malaysia, Nepal, and Taiwan) (Yu et al. 2012; Shimizu & Watanabe 2015 a, b). Taiwan (Chiayi County, Kaohsiung City, Nantou County, and New Taipei City) (Fig. 35) Bionomics. Host is unknown. Most of the specimens were collected in LT and MT in forests.	en	Shimizu, So, Watanabe, Kyohei, Maeto, Kaoru (2016): Revision of the Taiwanese species of the genus Leptophion Cameron, 1901 (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae: Ophioninae), with a discussion of their phenology and distribution. Zootaxa 4144 (1): 71-88, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4144.1.3
03EE483CFE2E2D67FF00FB2EFC72F55A.taxon	discussion	Remarks. This species belongs to the radiatus species-complex of the maculipennis species-group, characterized by the distal pecten of the hind tarsal claw developed and significantly longer than the true claw apex, and the uniform hamuli (Gauld 1985). This species is the second most widely distributed Leptophion species after L. maculipennis (Gauld & Mitchell 1981; Gauld 1985). Leptophion radiatus is distinctive within this genus and can be easily distinguished from other species by the following combination of character states: (1) distal pecten of hind tarsal claw developed and significantly longer than true apex of claw (Fig. 31); (2) hind wing with uniform hamuli on R 1 (Fig. 30); (3) proximal corner of marginal cell of hind wing about 45 ° (Fig. 34); (4) postero-distal corner of second discal cell of fore wing making an acute angle, about 85 ° (Fig. 34); (5) 1 m-cu of fore wing abruptly curved (Fig. 34); (6) fore wing with AI = 0.8 – 0.9; ICI = 0.5 – 0.7; SDI = 0.9 – 1.0 (Fig. 34); (7) Rs of hind wing straight to weakly curved (Fig. 34); and (8) fore wing with a more or less distinct infumate area on the postero-proximal part of the second subdiscal cell (Fig. 34). Among these characters, (8) is specific to L. radiatus and L. giganteus Shimizu & Watanabe, sp. nov., within Leptophion. Although this species has the typical “ ophionoid facies ” and thus is most likely nocturnal, only a minority of the specimens were collected in LT (3 / 51 = 0.059); the majority were collected in MT (42 / 51 = 0.824). This may suggest that the ordinary habitat of this species is near the ground. Gauld & Mitchell (1981) mentioned, however, that Leptophion species may be canopy insects. Our current knowledge of this probably nocturnal species is too limited to explain the unexpected MT collecting bias and the rarity of specimens in LT, however it suggest that this species may also be at least partly diurnal, like the other ophionine wasps.	en	Shimizu, So, Watanabe, Kyohei, Maeto, Kaoru (2016): Revision of the Taiwanese species of the genus Leptophion Cameron, 1901 (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae: Ophioninae), with a discussion of their phenology and distribution. Zootaxa 4144 (1): 71-88, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4144.1.3
