identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
03EF878DFFD8ED125201D08AA3CB5049.text	03EF878DFFD8ED125201D08AA3CB5049.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Scaphoideus	<div><p>Genus Scaphoideus</p><p>Scaphoideus Uhler, 1889: 33 . Type species: Jassus immistus Say, by subsequent designation of Distant, 1908a: 151.</p><p>Hussa Distant, 1908b: 68 . Type species: Hussa insignis Distant, by original designation. Synonymised by Barnett, 1977: 494.</p><p>Bolanus Distant, 1918: 18 . Type species: Bolanus baeticus Distant, by original designation. Synonymised by Evans, 1947: 243.</p><p>Head, pronotum, and scutellum ochraceous to brown with a median longitudinal yellowish or whitish stripe extending to folded front wings, coloration often similar to that in Indian species of Scaphotettix or with dark brown spots or bands on vertex pronotum and scutellum. Head including eyes either as wide as or narrower than pronotum. Head bluntly pointed in front, vertex either longer than or rarely shorter than width between eyes. Face longer than wide; ratio between width of frontoclypeus (between the bases of antennae) to the perpendicular length from base of antennae to apex of frontoclypeus is 1:1.32 – 1:1.68. Pronotum 0.46 times as long as width, shorter than scutellum. Front wing long, with moderately developed appendix; two to three reflexed cross veins between outer anteapical cell and costal margin; outer anteapical cell 0.5–0.75 times as long as median anteapical cell, usually lying obliquely with respect to costal margin and usually acuminate distally; claval veins separate, rarely approximated in the middle, joining commissural margin at nearly right angles. Front femora rarely with short stout marginal setae but only with 10–15 hairlike setae on meso­apical area; middle femora with short stout setae of uniform length (except in S. sabourensis Rao and Ramakrishnan).</p><p>Pygophore longer than high, with or without a ventral process, usually with long setae arranged in one or more tufts. Valve triangular. Subgenital plate triangular, either entire or bilobed, from about 0.5–1.0 times length of pygophore, distal 0.66 usually narrowed, with hairlike and spinelike setae. Style variously shaped, its apophysis either short or long, with serrated ventral margin, apex usually sharply pointed. Connective anteriorly Y­shaped, fused with or attached to variously shaped paraphyses, rarely crossing over each other at theirdistal tip. Aedeagal shaft slender, elongate or short and stout, often compressed with a pair of apical or subapical toothlike, elongate or lamellate processes, dorsal apodeme well­developed, dorsal connective often well sclerotized with or without fingerlike processes. Female pygophore long, narrowed to apex with tufts of long setae, ovipositor extending beyond pygophore.</p><p>Remarks: Scaphoideus belongs to a group of genera comprising Scaphodhara Viraktamath &amp; Mohan, Scaphotettix and Coroticus Distant. Differences between the first two genera and Scaphoideus are given by Viraktamath &amp; Mohan (1994a and 1994b, respectively). The identity of Coroticus, known only from the female type, is uncertain.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EF878DFFD8ED125201D08AA3CB5049	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Viraktamath, C. A.;Mohan, G. S.	Viraktamath, C. A., Mohan, G. S. (2004): A revision of the deltocephaline leafhopper genus Scaphoideus (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) from the Indian subcontinent. Zootaxa 578: 1-48, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.169102
03EF878DFFDEED195201D3D2A22057E1.text	03EF878DFFDEED195201D3D2A22057E1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Scaphoideus	<div><p>Key to species of Scaphoideus of the Indian subcontinent</p><p>( S. consanguineus Distant and S. rathani Ghosh are not included in the key; see text for explanation.)</p><p>1 Vertex of head with an almost solid unbroken transverse black fascia across eyes (Fig. 53, Distant 1918) ................................................................................ baeticus (Distant)</p><p>­ Coloration of vertex variable but not as above, if the transverse fascia is black, it is broken into a number of connected longitudinal spindle­shaped stripes (Fig. 1) ......... 2</p><p>2 Vertex with a series of four to six longitudinal spindle­shaped brown stripes (Fig.1).. 3</p><p>­ Markings on vertex not as above .................................................................................. 4</p><p>3 Hind margin of female seventh sternum sinuate with a concave median area (Fig. 197); vertex of head with elongate spindle­shaped stripes; male with apophysis of style exceeding subgenital plate (Fig. 194); aedeagus with an apical and a subapical pair of long processes (Fig. 195) (India: Sikkim) ......................... stigmaticus Distant</p><p>­ Hind margin of female seventh sternum concave with a median notched lobe (Fig. 9); vertex with short spindle­shaped stripes (Fig. 1); apophysis of style not exceeding subgenital plate; aedeagus with a pair of apical short processes (Fig. 7, 8) (India: Assam, Sikkim, West Bengal) ...................................................................... assamensis Distant</p><p>4 Male subgenital plate deeply bilobed (Fig. 56) or with a notch on mesal margin before apex (Fig. 82); apophysis of style slender, about half as long as total length or longer 5</p><p>­ Male subgenital plate not bilobed or with a notch on mesal margin before apex; apophysis of style stout, usually less than half as long as its length ................................. 7</p><p>5 Male subgenital plate deeply bilobed (Fig. 56); paraphyses separate from base, symmetrical, of equal length; aedeagus not S­shaped (Figs 62) ........................................ 6</p><p>­ Subgenital plate with a notch on mesal margin before apex (Fig. 82); paraphysis slen­ der, fused for proximal 0.75 length then separated, unequal in length (Fig. 85); aedeagus S­shaped (Fig. 86) (India: Karnataka) ........................................ inequalis sp. nov.</p><p>6 Male pygophore with a ventral process (Fig. 63); face ochraceous with dark brown bands or markings (India: Kerala, Tamil Nadu; Sri Lanka) ..... S. elegantulus Melichar</p><p>­ Male pygophore without a ventral process (Fig. 99); face chocolate brown (India: Karnataka)................................................................................................... jogensis sp. nov.</p><p>7 Vertex, pronotum, and scutellum with a median longitudinal yellowish or whitish broad stripe extending on­to folded front wings, overlain on it with one or two narrower orange or red longitudinal stripes (Figs 28, 88) ................................................ 8</p><p>­ Vertex with a transverse band between eyes sometimes indistinct, red, orange, black or brown; no longitudinal stripe extending from head to front wings (Figs 10, 64, 151, 176); pronotum either with two transverse red or brown bands or with a series of 5–7 longitudinal short stripes ........................................................................................... 11</p><p>8 Paraphyses fused at their proximal 0.66 (Fig. 93); large stout species measuring over 6.00 mm in length (India: Tamil Nadu) ............................................. insignis (Distant)</p><p>­ Paraphyses separate for most of their length; aedeagal process when present apical; smaller species not exceeding 4.50 mm ....................................................................... 9</p><p>9 Aedeagal shaft with a pair of short processes at midlength (Figs 36, 37); paraphyses diverging right from proximal end, more or less of uniform width in their proximal 0.8 length then tapered, dorsal margin of male pygophore bilobed (Fig. 34) (India: Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal)............................................................................ bifidus sp. nov.</p><p>­ Aedeagal shaft with apical processes; paraphyses either not divergent (Fig.108) or divergent beyond basal 0.5 length, uneven in width (Fig. 113); dorsal margin of male pygophore entire......................................................................................................... 10</p><p>10 Paraphyses closely oppressed over their entire length (Fig. 108); female seventh sternum straight, with a median concavity (India: Himachal Pradesh) ............................... ........................................................................................ katraini Rao &amp; Ramakrishnan</p><p>­ Paraphyses divergent in their distal half (Fig. 113); hind margin of female seventh sternum broadly produced medially (Fig. 116) (India: Karnataka, Kerala) .... kirti sp. nov.</p><p>11 Paraphyses with spicules (Figs 174, 182) ……………………..……………………. 12</p><p>­ Paraphyses smooth, without spicules ………………………….…………………… 13</p><p>12 Aedeagal shaft with a pair of basal processes extending entire length of shaft (Fig.183, 184) (India: Karnataka, Kerala, Tamil Nadu) ....................................... sculptus sp. nov.</p><p>­ Aedeagal shaft without basal processes but dorsal apodeme with a hooked process (Fig. 187) (Sri Lanka) ...................................................................... sculptellus sp. nov.</p><p>13 Vertex with an apical round black spot; transverse band across eyes black and dark brown (Fig. 151); aedeagus slender, tubular, strongly curved with well­developed dorsal apodeme (Fig. 157) (India: Mizoram, West Bengal; Myanmar) ........ russus Distant</p><p>­ Vertex without round black apical spot, transverse band across eyes brown, red or orange (Figs 64, 160); aedeagus short and stout (Fig. 72,136) ................................... 14</p><p>14 Paraphyses forming a “horse­shoe” (Fig. 134); pronotum and scutellum with longitudinal brown stripes ..................................................................................................... 15</p><p>­ Paraphyses elongate, may be twisted at apex but not horse­shoe shaped, pronotum with transverse stripes some times indistict ............................................................... 16</p><p>15 Paraphyses bluntly pointed at apex (Fig. 134) (India: Karnataka, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal; Sri Lanka; Thailand) ........................................................... morosus Melichar</p><p>­ Paraphyses sharply pointed at apex (India, Thailand, Vietnam, Philippines) ................. ................................................................................... harlani Kitbamroong and Freytag</p><p>16 Subgenital plate with numerous long hairlike setae, their length as long as or longer than subgenital plate (Fig. 67); paraphyses fused at their basal half (Fig. 69) (India: West Bengal) ....................................................................................... hirsutus sp. nov.</p><p>­ Subgenital plate with shorter, fewer hairlike setae, their length 0.2 to 0.1 as long as subgenital plate; paraphyses not as above .................................................................. 17</p><p>17 Male pygophore with proximal spinelike process on dorsal margin (Fig.176) ......... 18</p><p>­ Male pygophore without a proximal spinelike process on dorsal margin .................. 20</p><p>18. Male pygophore with dorsal spine strongly curved meso­ventrally (Pakistan) .............. ....................................................................... karachiensis Ahmed, Murthaza &amp; Malik</p><p>­ Male pygophore with dorsal spine straight, directed caudally.................................... 19</p><p>19. Male pygophore with dorsal spine short, not more than 0.2 as long as pygophore lobe, caudo­ventral angle angularly produced (Fig.164); paraphyses divergent caudally (Fig167); aedeagal shaft shorter and stouter, of uniform width in lateral aspect for its</p><p>0.75 length (Fig. 168) (India: Karnataka, Maharashtra) ................................................ ............................................................................... sabourensis Rao and Ramakrishnan ­ Male pygophore with dorsal spine long, more than 0.5 as long as pygophore lobe, caudo­ventral angle produced ventrally into a spine (Fig. 218); paraphyses convergent caudally (Fig. 223); aedeagal shaft longer, gradually narrowed distally (Fig. 224) (India: Meghalaya, West Bengal) ............................................................ zhangi sp. nov.</p><p>20. Head, thorax and proximal 0.33 of fore wings chocolate brown contrasted with ochraceous rest of body; paraphyses slender, needlelike (Figs 24, 210) ............................ 21</p><p>­ Coloration of head, thorax and abdomen not as above; paraphyses stout, not needle like ..................................................................................................................................... 22</p><p>21. Aedeagus rather S­shaped, shaft without processes (Figs 211, 212) (Myanmar: Bhamo) .................................................................................................................. varna sp. nov.</p><p>­ Aedeagus not S­shaped, shaft with a pair of apical processes (Figs 25, 26) (India: Karnataka) ........................................................................................... bicoloratus sp. nov.</p><p>22. Aedeagal shaft with shorter or longer processes (Figs 149, 215, 216) ...................... 23</p><p>­ Aedeagal shaft without processes, may be keeled ..................................................... 27</p><p>23. Paraphyses parallel to each other, acutely pointed at apex; at 0.33 from apex expanded into a small triangular area (Fig.151); aedeagus with apical pair of spinelike processes (Figs 149, 150) (Sri Lanka) .............................................................. ornatus Melichar</p><p>­ Paraphyses not as above, aedeagus either with two or four processes........................ 24</p><p>24. Aedeagal shaft with a pair of apical and a subapical pair of processes (Figs 215, 216); paraphyses strongly sinuate (Fig. 214) (Myanmar: Bhamo) ................ vaticus sp. nov.</p><p>­ Aedeagal shaft with subapical pair of processes (Figs 19, 79, 205); paraphyses not strongly sinuate (Figs16, 77, 202) ............................................................................. 25</p><p>25. Paraphyses strongly divergent beyond basal 0.33 (Fig. 77); aedeagal shaft with a pair of strong dorsal keel, each with a recurved process (Fig. 79) (India: Tamil Nadu) ....... ........................................................................................ illustris Rao and Emiliyamma</p><p>­ Paraphyses either convergent or strongly asymmetrically curved (Fig. 16, 202); aedeagus without keels ....................................................................................................... 26</p><p>26. Aedeagal shaft in caudal view appearing trilobed (Fig. 205); paraphyses symmetrical, each shaft of even width except near apex (Fig. 202) (Myanmar: Kambaiti) ................ ........................................................................................................... trilobatus sp. nov.</p><p>­ Aedeagal shaft with a pair of lateral process at midlength (Fig.19); paraphyses strongly asymmetrical (Fig. 16) (India: Karnataka) ................... asymmetricus sp. nov.</p><p>27. Paraphyses widely separated at base, each shaft slightly to strongly twisted at apical 0.25–0.33 (Fig 43, 50) ............................................................................................... 28</p><p>­ Paraphyses close together at base, not twisted (Figs 121, 127, 189) ......................... 29</p><p>28. Aedeagal shaft slender in lateral aspect, constricted at midlength in caudal aspect (Figs 44, 45); each shaft of paraphyses strongly twisted at apical 0.25 (Fig. 43) (India: Meghalaya) ............................................................................................. coloratus Rao</p><p>­ Aedeagal shaft stout in lateral aspect, gradually narrowed distally in caudal aspect (Figs 52, 53); each shaft of paraphyses slightly twisted at apical 0.33 (Fig. 50) (India: Tamil Nadu) .................................................................. decoratus Rao &amp; Emiliyamma</p><p>29. Paraphyses convergent (Fig.121); aedeagal shaft in lateral aspect rather fusiform (Fig. 123) (Myanmar: Nam Tama Valley) ................................................ lamellaris sp. nov.</p><p>­ Paraphyses divergent (Figs 127, 189); aedeagal shaft not fusiform in lateral aspect (Figs129, 191) ............................................................................................................ 30</p><p>30. Aedeagal shaft of uniform width in lateral aspect (Fig.191); paraphyses straight, not curved in lateral aspect (Fig. 190) (Myanmar: Nam Tama Valley)... spiculatus sp. nov.</p><p>­ Aedeagal shaft broadest at base and abruptly narrowed (Figs 129, 130); paraphyses in lateral aspect curved dorsally in distal half (Fig.128) (Myanmar: Kambaiti) ................ .............................................................................................................. malaisei sp. nov.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EF878DFFDEED195201D3D2A22057E1	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Viraktamath, C. A.;Mohan, G. S.	Viraktamath, C. A., Mohan, G. S. (2004): A revision of the deltocephaline leafhopper genus Scaphoideus (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) from the Indian subcontinent. Zootaxa 578: 1-48, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.169102
03EF878DFFD2ED1B5201D60AA6555451.text	03EF878DFFD2ED1B5201D60AA6555451.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Scaphoideus assamensis Distant	<div><p>Scaphoideus assamensis Distant</p><p>Figs 1–9.</p><p>Scaphoideus assamensis Distant, 1918: 67; Rao, 1990: 93 –95. LECTOTYPE Ψ, INDIA [BMNH, examined].</p><p>Coloration as described by Distant (1918). Four median spindle­shaped markings on vertex broad and complete, lateralmost one on either side narrower and sometimes incomplete, not reaching hind margin. Scutellum yellow with a faint orange brown stripe on either side of median line, basal triangles dark brown.</p><p>Male genitalia: Pygophore lobe unarmed, ventrally expanded near anterior 0.25. Subgenital plate broad in basal 0.6 then narrowed, with three stout setae in an oblique row. Style with well­developed preapical lobe, apophysis laterally curved, distally tapering. Connective with stem almost as long as arms, paraphyses convergent in basal 0.33 then divergent, in apical 0.33 to 0.20 serrated on their lateral margin, apex tapered. Aedeagus with well­developed dorsal apodeme having lateral triangular projection at base, preatrium well­developed, shaft slender, straight, directed caudally, with a subapical gonopore on ventral margin and an apical pair of anteriorly directed short processes.</p><p>Female genitalia: Hind margin of seventh sternum concave with a median bilobed protuberance.</p><p>Measurements: Male 5.80 mm long and 1.35 mm wide across eyes. Female 5.80 mm long and 1.45 mm wide across eyes.</p><p>Material examined: INDIA: Lectotype Ψ, “ Scaphoideus assamensis Dist. type ” (hand written label) “Assam” (hand written label) “Distant Coll. 1911­383” (printed label) here designated(BMNH). Other material: INDIA: 1ɗ, Sikkim: Gopaldhara, Rungbong Valley, 14.vi.1918, H. Stevens; 2Ψ, West Bengal: Darjeeling, Gopaldhara, BW, 4720 ft (1430 m), 2.ix.1917 and 14.x.1918, H. Stevens (BMNH).</p><p>Remarks: Both S. assamensis and S. stigmaticus Distant resemble each other externally. However, they can be differentiated by the shorter spindle­shaped markings in assamensis and the different colour pattern on the scutellum, in addition to differences in the male genitalia and hind margin of female seventh sternum. Neither species has the central carina on the pronotum, which was erroneously mentioned by Distant (1918) and Rao (1990).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EF878DFFD2ED1B5201D60AA6555451	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Viraktamath, C. A.;Mohan, G. S.	Viraktamath, C. A., Mohan, G. S. (2004): A revision of the deltocephaline leafhopper genus Scaphoideus (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) from the Indian subcontinent. Zootaxa 578: 1-48, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.169102
03EF878DFFD0ED1B5201D4A2A58853DE.text	03EF878DFFD0ED1B5201D4A2A58853DE.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Scaphoideus asymmetricus	<div><p>Scaphoideus asymmetricus sp. nov.</p><p>Figs 10–19.</p><p>Head, pronotum, and scutellum pale ochraceous. Head with three chocolate­brown arched bands — two on upper part of face below ocelli and one on vertex. A transverse fascia between eyes on disc of vertex, sanguineous, with an anterior chocolate brown margin, a short transverse spot below antennae and between lower angle of eye and frontal sulcus chocolate brown. A spot on anterior margin of pronotum, an arched fascia on disk of pronotum, two spots at base of scutellum meeting on median line, sanguineous; outer­most margin of pronotum with two chocolate brown lines, proepimeron with an elongate chocolate brown band. front wing brownish with a number of large hyaline areas surrounded by dark brown; an oblique band connecting apex of inner and outer claval veins, apex of clavus, a large spot on costal area near basal 0.33, recurved veins to costa, a large spot on third apical cell, dark brown; entire area of apical cells darker.</p><p>Vertex, pronotum, and scutellum slightly polished; vertex obtusely rounded, shorter than width between eyes.</p><p>Male genitalia: Pygophore longer than high, dorsal margin strongly sclerotised, caudo­dorsal area acutely angled, ventral margin smoothly curved. Subgenital plate triangular with a narrowed, acute apex, three stout setae arising in an oblique line at basal 0.33. Style with well­developed preapical lobe, apophysis stout at base almost straight, apical half strongly laterally curved with pointed apex. Connective with stem stout, twice as long as arm, paraphyses wide apart, asymmetrically twisted, broad in middle, apically narrowed. Aedeagus short, V­shaped, basal half of shaft stout slender in apical half, with a pair of lateral teeth near middle, dorsal apodeme well­developed, gonopore on ventral margin at midlength. Dorsal connective large, winglike.</p><p>Measurements: Male 4.40 mm long, 1.15 mm wide across eyes.</p><p>Material examined: INDIA: Holotype ɗ, Karnataka: 27 Km SE of Kollegal, 8.viii.1977, C.A. Viraktamath (UAS).</p><p>Remarks: S. asymmetricus, S. sabourensis, and S. sculptus sp. nov. have similar coloration but are otherwise dissimilar. S. asymmtricus differs from S. curvatus in having a much slender, shorter aedeagus with lateral processes, and the paraphyses are very strongly asymmetrically curved.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EF878DFFD0ED1B5201D4A2A58853DE	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Viraktamath, C. A.;Mohan, G. S.	Viraktamath, C. A., Mohan, G. S. (2004): A revision of the deltocephaline leafhopper genus Scaphoideus (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) from the Indian subcontinent. Zootaxa 578: 1-48, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.169102
03EF878DFFD6ED1D5201D45AA3865646.text	03EF878DFFD6ED1D5201D45AA3865646.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Scaphoideus baeticus (Distant) Distant	<div><p>Scaphoideus baeticus (Distant)</p><p>Bolanus baeticus Distant, 1918: 89 –90, Fig. 53. HOLOTYPE (sex? abdomen missing), INDIA [BMNH, not examined].</p><p>Scaphoideus baeticus (Distant): Evans, 1947: 243.</p><p>Remarks: This species was not studied. However, it has very distinctive coloration (see Fig.53, Distant 1918), by which it can be readily recognised. The original description, which states that the abdomen (now missing) was mutilated, infers that a single specimen (the holotype) was examined. This species (not studied) is tentatively retained in Scaphoideus until a male is found and studied. The original description indicates that the face is ‘very strongly concavely sinuate before the inner margins of eyes.’ According to M.D. Webb (pers. comm.) this may refer to the large antennal pits which strongly encroach onto the clypellus in the type. Other differences with Scaphoideus are the longer and more dorsally placed antennae and obliquely truncate apex of the head in lateral view.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EF878DFFD6ED1D5201D45AA3865646	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Viraktamath, C. A.;Mohan, G. S.	Viraktamath, C. A., Mohan, G. S. (2004): A revision of the deltocephaline leafhopper genus Scaphoideus (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) from the Indian subcontinent. Zootaxa 578: 1-48, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.169102
03EF878DFFD6ED1F5201D6E0A66D5791.text	03EF878DFFD6ED1F5201D6E0A66D5791.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Scaphoideus bicoloratus	<div><p>Scaphoideus bicoloratus sp. nov.</p><p>Figs 20–27.</p><p>Head with an anterior marginal transverse band medially connected with a similar band on face chocolate brown, two transverse spots behind it one on either side of median line hyaline, a “flying falcon” ­shaped transverse stripe with a median interruption reddish brown, a spot on hind margin on either side of median line chocolate brown. Face with transverse chocolate brown stripes on frontoclypeus. Gena, clypellus, lorum with chocolate brown patches against ochraceous background. Pronotum chocolate brown with circular hyaline spots and anterior marginal ochraceous area interrupted by chocolate brown. Scutellum with chocolate brown and ochraceous areas. Front wing coloration as in Fig. 20. Male pygophore and female ovipositor with chocolate brown patches caudally. Legs ochraceous with middle and hind tibiae spotted with chocolate brown, apex of hind tibia, apical 0.33 of hind basitarsus and basal 0.75 of second tarsomere chocolate brown.</p><p>Head bluntly angular in front, as wide as pronotum. Vertex as long as inter­ocular width.</p><p>Male genitalia: Pygophore longer than high, with two caudal tufts of long setae. Subgenital plate broad basally, abruptly narrowed at 0.33, then of uniform width, 2.5 times as long as basal width, with 4 long setae. Style broad basally, preapical lobe well­developed, apophysis rugulose, apex bidentate. Connective with stem longer than arm, each paraphyses slender, needlelike, crossing over its counterpart at distal 0.25 length. Aedeagus Vshaped, dorsal apodeme well­developed, shaft cylindrical, distal apex curved posteriorly, with a subapical pair of appendages directed ventro­caudlly. Each appendage slightly broadened subapically with crenulated margin, gonopore subapical on caudal margin.</p><p>Female genitalia: Seventh sternum about as long as wide, caudal margin medially produced with a median notch.</p><p>Measurements: Male 4.0– 4.1 mm long, 1.02 mm wide across eyes. Female 4.5 mm long and 1.20 mm wide across eyes.</p><p>Material examined: INDIA: Holotype ɗ, Karnataka: Nagarhole, 1.ii.1983, Shashidhar Coll. (UAS). Paratypes: 2 Ψ, data as holotype; 1 ɗ, ­ INDIA: Karnataka: 12 Km NE Sandur, 12.ix.1983, Shashidhar Coll. (BMNH, NPC, UAS).</p><p>Remarks: S. bicolorata can be recognised by its coloration. It shares the needlelike paraphyses with S. russus, but it has relatively stouter paraphyses that cross over one another.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EF878DFFD6ED1F5201D6E0A66D5791	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Viraktamath, C. A.;Mohan, G. S.	Viraktamath, C. A., Mohan, G. S. (2004): A revision of the deltocephaline leafhopper genus Scaphoideus (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) from the Indian subcontinent. Zootaxa 578: 1-48, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.169102
03EF878DFFD4ED1E5201D7A0A6D854A1.text	03EF878DFFD4ED1E5201D7A0A6D854A1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Scaphoideus bifidus	<div><p>Scaphoideus bifidus sp. nov.</p><p>Figs 28–38.</p><p>Brown with whitish band from tip of vertex to near apex of front wing. Vertex with brown spot near apex on margin before each ocellus; brown spot behind each ocellus and connected to anterior spot by a thin brown line. Face yellow­brown, darker above, with a yellow transverse band below ocelli but above antenna. Pronotum and scutellum brown on lateral margin. Front wing with brown streaked pattern following most major veins; darker at base and apex.</p><p>Vertex angularly pointed.</p><p>Male genitalia: Pygophore similar to that in kirti sp. nov. (see below) with anterior apodemes, caudal lobe bluntly rounded with two subapical tufts of long setae in addition to scattered setae. Valve semicircular. Subgenital plate triangular, longer than in kirti with a single seta on basal 0.20 in addition to a few hairlike setae. Style short, robust, preapical lobe well­developed, apophysis strongly laterally curved with an acute apex, ventral surface with pustules. Connective with arms about as long as stem; paraphyses slightly divergent, of uniform length in basal 0.80, apical 0.20 narrowed, apices acutely pointed. Aedeagus with well­developed stout dorsal apodeme bent caudally in apical half, shaft directed caudally with a pair of anteriorly directed spinelike processes at midlength, gonopore apical.</p><p>Female genitalia: Seventh sternum broadly medially produced with a shallow notch in middle.</p><p>Measurements: Male 4.00 mm long and 0.98 mm wide across eyes. Female 4.60 mm long and 1.04 mm wide across eyes.</p><p>Material examined: INDIA: Holotype ɗ, Uttar Pradesh: Dehradun, 24.iv.1975, C.A. Viraktamath (UAS). Paratypes: 4ɗ, 11Ψ, data as holotype but 2Ψ collected on 26.iv.1975; 1ɗ, 2Ψ, West Bengal: Calcutta, 11.xi.1981; 1Ψ, 10 Km N Siliguri, 1.xi.1981 all collected by C.A. Viraktamath (BMNH, NPC, UAS, USNM). Other material: INDIA: West Bengal: 1ɗ, 3 Ψ, 4 km N. Teesta, 28.x.1981, C.A. Viraktamath; Meghalay: 1Ψ, Nongpoh, 762 m, 4.xi.1981, S. Viraktamath; Andaman Is.: 1ɗ, Portblair, 18.vi.1986, V.V. Belavadi (UAS).</p><p>Remarks: Externally this species resembles kirti and knappi Kitbamroong &amp; Freytag in coloration and structure. However, the vertex is more elongate and more acutely pointed in bifidus, and the aedeagus has a pair of median anteriorly directed processes that kirti and knappi both lack.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EF878DFFD4ED1E5201D7A0A6D854A1	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Viraktamath, C. A.;Mohan, G. S.	Viraktamath, C. A., Mohan, G. S. (2004): A revision of the deltocephaline leafhopper genus Scaphoideus (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) from the Indian subcontinent. Zootaxa 578: 1-48, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.169102
03EF878DFFD5ED1E5201D4B0A6545311.text	03EF878DFFD5ED1E5201D4B0A6545311.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Scaphoideus coloratus Rao	<div><p>Scaphoideus coloratus Rao</p><p>Figs 39–45.</p><p>Scaphoideus coloratus Rao, 1990: 79, Figs 83–90. HOLOTYPE ɗ, INDIA [ZSI, examined].</p><p>Ochraceous. Anterior margin of vertex with a marginal and a submarginal inverted Vshaped chocolate brown to black stripe; head with one pronotum with an anterior and a posterior submarginally and scutellum with an anterior broader transverse reddish band. Front wing brownish with oblique brown spots.</p><p>Head triangularly produced with a blunt anterior angle. Vertex shorter than inter ocular width.</p><p>Male genitalia: Pygophore with caudal lobe rounded, longer than high. Subgenital plate triangular, elongate, 3 times as long as basal width, caudally rather pointed. Style with well­developed preapical lobe, apophysis long, narrowed distally, laterally curved rather abruptly at 0.33. Connective with arms as long as stem, paraphyses widely separated at base, convergent till midlength, then gradually divergent, twisted and narrowed to apex at distal 0.25. Aedeagus with well­developed distally bilobed dorsal apodeme, shaft in lateral aspect slender, rather long, with an apical toothlike projection on dorsal margin, laterally keeled, ventrally furrowed; gonopore elongate, almost occupying half length of shaft in ventral aspect.</p><p>Measurements: Male 4.60 mm long and 1.17 mm wide across eyes.</p><p>Material examined: INDIA: holotype ɗ, Meghalaya: Shillong, Nongthumai, 20.ix.1975, M.S. Jyrwa Coll. (ZSI). Other material: NEPAL: 1 ɗ, Taplejung Dist., Dabhan, c 3500 ft (1062 m), shady places on shrubby slope above R. Tamur, 21–27.i.1962, Brit. Mus. East Napal Exp., 1961­62, R.L. Cole Coll., B.M. 1962­177 (BMNH).</p><p>Remarks: S. colorata has coloration similar to that of the species of Scaphotettix and is related to S. sculptus sp. nov. (see below), from which it differs in the shape of the paraphyses.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EF878DFFD5ED1E5201D4B0A6545311	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Viraktamath, C. A.;Mohan, G. S.	Viraktamath, C. A., Mohan, G. S. (2004): A revision of the deltocephaline leafhopper genus Scaphoideus (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) from the Indian subcontinent. Zootaxa 578: 1-48, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.169102
03EF878DFFD5ED015201D312A40C50BE.text	03EF878DFFD5ED015201D312A40C50BE.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Scaphoideus consanguineus Distant	<div><p>Scaphoideus consanguineus Distant</p><p>Fig. 46</p><p>Scaphoideus consanguineus Distant 1908b: 375 . HOLOTYPE Ψ, INDIA [BMNH, examined].</p><p>Coloration as in S. coloratus and as described by Distant (1908b). Claval veins close together but not connected by a cross vein. Three spots on clavus and apex of front wing dark brown.</p><p>Female genitalia: Hind margin of seventh sternum slightly concave medially with a median V­shaped notch.</p><p>Material examined: INDIA: Holotype Ψ, “ Type, H.T. (on a circular disk with red margin)” “ 2­8­06, N. Annandale, Calcutta” “ Scaphoideus congsanguineus Dist. type ” (BMNH).</p><p>Remarks: S. consanguineus is known only by the type and belongs to Scaphoideus . However, its relationship with other species cannot be established until the discovery of the male.</p><p>Scaphoideus decoratus Rao and Emiliyamma Figs 47–53.</p><p>Scaphoideus decoratus Rao and Emiliyamma, 1995: 80 –81. HOLOTYPE ɗ, INDIA [ZSI, examined]</p><p>Coloration as described by Rao and Emiliyamma (1995) and similar to that in S. coloratus .</p><p>Male genitalia: Pygophore without process, height to length ratio 1:1.25. Subgenital plate triangular, with distal end acutely pointed, 2.5 times as long as basal width, with three long stout setae arranged in an oblique row. Style with apophysis short, 0.33 as long as total length, laterally curved, with bird­headlike apex. Connective with arms as long as stem; paraphyses strongly converging at basal 0.33 then parallel, each paraphysis slightly twisted at apical 0.33 and then tapering to apex. Aedeagus compressed, with lateral ridges, dorsal apodeme well­developed, dorsal connectives well­developed, and stout, gonopore elongate on ventral margin.</p><p>Material examined: INDIA: Holotype ɗ, Madumalai, 13.ii.1992, G. Thirumalai coll. (ZSI). Paratype: 1 ɗ, data as holotype (ZSI).</p><p>Remarks: S. decoratus is similar to S. colorata and S. sabourensis Rao and Ramakrishnan as they all share an apically twisted apophysis. S. decoratus differs from the two species in having a compressed aedeagal shaft.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EF878DFFD5ED015201D312A40C50BE	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Viraktamath, C. A.;Mohan, G. S.	Viraktamath, C. A., Mohan, G. S. (2004): A revision of the deltocephaline leafhopper genus Scaphoideus (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) from the Indian subcontinent. Zootaxa 578: 1-48, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.169102
03EF878DFFCAED025201D348A4685617.text	03EF878DFFCAED025201D348A4685617.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Scaphoideus elegantulus Melichar	<div><p>Scaphoideus elegantulus Melichar</p><p>Figs 54–63.</p><p>Scaphoideus elegantulus Melichar, 1903: 198; Distant, 1908b: 375 –376. HOLOTYPE ɗ, SRI LANKA [MMB, not examined].</p><p>Scaphoideus brachycephalus Distant 1918: 66 . HOLOTYPE (sex? abdomen missing), INDIA [BMNH, examined]. Syn. nov.</p><p>Scaphoideus nutans Distant 1918: 65 . LECTOTYPE Ψ, INDIA [BMNH, examined]. Syn nov.</p><p>Scaphoideus pallifrons Distant 1918: 66 –67. LECTOTYPE Ψ, INDIA [BMNH, examined]. Syn. nov.</p><p>Sri Lankan population: Vertex greyish white, two small transverse black spots at apex and two larger testaceous spots on disk between eyes. Pronotum greyish white, a large testaceous or some times three small testaceous spots at anterior margin and two transverse testaceous spots on disk, one or two black spots in front of each of the latter. Scutellum greyish white with a large testaceous spot at each basal angle and a more indistinct spot near anterior margin two small black spots on apical area. Face with two anterior piceous lines, followed by four discal spots and two spots on each posterior lateral margin piceous. Clypellus, genae spotted with piceous. Front wings pale flavescent spotted with greyish white and black.</p><p>Vertex obtusely rounded, much shorter than width between eyes, outer anteapical cell spindle­shaped, half as long as inner anteapical cell, the latter constricted in middle.</p><p>Indian population: Ochraceous. Vertex with a transverse testaceous fascia between eyes and two small testaceous spots on anterior margin divide by a central longitudinal line of same colour. Face with lateral margins broadly testaceous. Pronotum with three spots near anterior margin and a broad basal fascia centrally broken, brown. Scutellum with basal triangles dark brown. Front wing greyish white, veins mottled with fuscous brown, inner claval margin area with numerous transverse lines (very variable and may be absent in paler specimens) and about apical half of costal area similarly marked.</p><p>Vertex obtusely rounded, much shorter than width between eyes.</p><p>Male genitalia: Pygophore caudally rounded, ventral margin expanded with a spine like process of variable length. Valve triangular with obtuse anterior angle. Subgenital plate triangular, apically cleft deeply, outer lobe longer than inner, four stout setae in addition to hairlike setae. Style broad at base with well­developed preapical lobe, apophysis slender, longer than half length, caudally attenuated with serrated ventral margin and with a prominent median tooth. Connective Y­shaped, stem stout, longer than arms, paraphyses wide apart basally, in apical 0.20 triangularly widened, then gradually narrowed to an acute apex; in a few specimens, paraphyses with obtusely rounded apices. Aedeagus short, V­shaped, dorsal apodeme strongly developed, as long as shaft; shaft stout at base, narrowed distally with two lateral lamellate processes, gonopore subapical.</p><p>Female genitalia: Hind margin of seventh sternum broadly produced medially.</p><p>Measurements: Male 4.30 mm long, 1.11 mm wide across eyes. Female 4.60 mm long, 1.18 mm wide across eyes.</p><p>Material examined: SRI LANKA: 5ɗ, Hanbantuta, 25.xi.1907, T. B. Fletcher; 1ɗ, Maskeliya, 8.iii.1909, T. B. Fletcher, 1Ψ, Peradeniya, 3.x.1913 (BMNH); 1ɗ, 4Ψ, Hunuwilagama, near Wilpatta, 200ft (61m), Black light, 28.x–3.xi.1976; 1Ψ, Deniyaya, 1000ft (303 m), 9.x.1976 collected by G.F. Havel, R.E. Dietz IV, S. Karunaratne, D.W. Balasooriya (USNM). INDIA: Lectotype Ψ, “ Type, H.T.” (on a circular disc with red margin) “ Scaphoideus nutans Dist. type ” (hand written label), “Kodaikanal S. India, T.V. Campbell” (printed label) “C24” “K.K. 4.16” “S.S. India, E.A. Butler, 1915­60 ” here designated. INDIA: Holotype Ψ “ Type, H.T. (red margined circular disc)” “Kodaikanal, S. India, T.V. Campbell” “629” “ Scapoideus brachycephalus Dist. Type ” “S. India, E.A. Butler 1915­ 60 ” (BMNH). Lectotype (sex? Abdomen missing) “ Type, H.T. (red margined circular disc)” “Kodaikanal, S. India, Campbell” “904” “K.K. 514, 904 (on reverse of the first label)” “ Scapoideus pallifrons Dist. Type ” “S. India, E.A. Butler 1915­60 ” here designated (BMNH). Tamil Nadu: 2ɗ, 3Ψ, Kodaikanal, T.V. Campbell (BMNH); 1ɗ, 1Ψ, Oothu, 36 Km W Kodaikanal, A.R.V. Kumar; Kerala: 3ɗ, 3Ψ, Munnar, 22–23.iii.1977, C.A. Viraktamath (UAS).</p><p>Remarks: S. elegantulus shows considerable colour variation and hence four names have been applied to this species. Even the margin of the aedeagal shaft's lateral rim varies from smooth to finely serrated. The apices of the paraphyses may be acutely pointed or bluntly pointed. In one specimen the ventral pygophore process is slightly longer. The species appears related to S. jogensis sp. nov. (see below), but differs in the shape of the aedeagus and paraphyses. The type of brachycephalus is considered a holotype as a single carded specimen is noted in its original description.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EF878DFFCAED025201D348A4685617	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Viraktamath, C. A.;Mohan, G. S.	Viraktamath, C. A., Mohan, G. S. (2004): A revision of the deltocephaline leafhopper genus Scaphoideus (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) from the Indian subcontinent. Zootaxa 578: 1-48, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.169102
03EF878DFFC9ED025201D630A6F151D7.text	03EF878DFFC9ED025201D630A6F151D7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Scaphoideus harlani Kitbamroong and Freytag	<div><p>Scaphoideus harlani Kitbamroong and Freytag</p><p>Scaphoideus harlani Kitbamroong and Freytag, 1978: 11 –12,142. HOLOTYPE ♂, VIETNAM [USNM, not examined].</p><p>Remarks: Kitbamroong and Freytag (1978) have adequately described this species and also recorded the species from India. However, no specimens of this species were examined during the study. This species can be confused with S. morosus, from which it differs in having paraphyses long, robust, U­shaped, and converging with a small thin seta on each side terminally.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EF878DFFC9ED025201D630A6F151D7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Viraktamath, C. A.;Mohan, G. S.	Viraktamath, C. A., Mohan, G. S. (2004): A revision of the deltocephaline leafhopper genus Scaphoideus (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) from the Indian subcontinent. Zootaxa 578: 1-48, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.169102
03EF878DFFC9ED045201D06EA3575171.text	03EF878DFFC9ED045201D06EA3575171.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Scaphoideus hirsutus	<div><p>Scaphoideus hirsutus sp. nov.</p><p>Figs 64–73.</p><p>Coloration similar to that in S. coloratus . Ochraceous. With a submarginal band on vertex and a series of three transverse stripes on face below ocelli chocolate brown; a transverse band across eyes castaneous, slightly produced medially and marked with chocolate brown; median sulcus on vertex chocolate brown; hind margin of transverse band with three concave excavations, one in the middle, one on either side, ochraceous. Pronotum with an anterior and a submarginal faint castaneous transverse bands, extreme lateral margin fuscous. Basal triangles of scutellum castaneous, two spots on lateral margin fuscous, rest yellowish. Pleura and legs ochraceous with fuscous spots; apices of fore tibiae, first two tarsomeres, and middle leg, bases of spines on hind tibiae and apex of hind tibia, dark fuscous. Front wing with prominent dark brown venation, clavus with fuscous spot at apices of claval veins and apex, a few patches on clavus and apical area of front wing fuscous. Head narrower than pronotum, outer anteapical cell half as long as median.</p><p>Male genitalia: Pygophore longer than high, with subapical row of tufts of setae. Tenth segment with ventrally directed process which articulates with aedeagus. Subgenital plate triangular with rounded apex and sub­marginal row of stout setae and long numerous hairlike setae arising from 0.66 apical margin and from apex, both on dorsal and ventral surface, their length longer than that of plate. Style elongate, with well­developed preapical lobe, apophysis stout with transverse striae, 0.4 times length of style, slightly directed laterally. Connective with arms much shorter than stem, paraphyses fused at base, apical 0.33 bifid, curved dorsally in lateral aspect and pointed near apex. Aedeagus simple, shaft in lateral aspect broader near gonopore; with a subapical toothlike process; dorsal apodeme well­developed, gonopore large on caudal margin.</p><p>Measurements: Male 5.30 – 5.9 mm long and 1.20 mm wide across eyes.</p><p>Material examined: INDIA: Holotype ɗ, West Bengal: Gopaldhara B.W., Darjeeling, 4720 ft (1433 m), 7.v.1917 [original number 14 is struck off and corrected as 17], H. Stevens. Paratypes: 1 specimen (abdomen missing) data as in holotype but collected on ix.1917; 3ɗ, Assam: Margherita, W. Doherty, Ind. Mus. Distant Coll. B.M. 1911­383 bearing numbers 87740/8, 9144/8 and 9442/8 (BMNH).</p><p>Remarks: The apophysis of the style in the paratype male is much longer and more slender and the aedeagal shaft is also slightly longer than in the holotype male. S. hirsutus has the coloration of the species of Scaphotettix . It is unique in having numerous long (almost twice as long as the subgenital plate) hairlike setae on the submarginal plate, to which the specific name alludes. It shares the basally fused paraphyses with S. insignis but differs in colour and, male genital structure and is also a smaller species.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EF878DFFC9ED045201D06EA3575171	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Viraktamath, C. A.;Mohan, G. S.	Viraktamath, C. A., Mohan, G. S. (2004): A revision of the deltocephaline leafhopper genus Scaphoideus (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) from the Indian subcontinent. Zootaxa 578: 1-48, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.169102
03EF878DFFCFED075201D1FFA5D35741.text	03EF878DFFCFED075201D1FFA5D35741.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Scaphoideus illustris Rao and Emiliyamma	<div><p>Scaphoideus illustris Rao and Emiliyamma</p><p>Figs 74–80.</p><p>Scaphoideus illustris Rao and Emiliyamma, 1995: 82 –83. HOLOTYPE ɗ, INDIA [ZSI, examined].</p><p>Coloration as described by Rao and Emiliayamma (1995). Head narrower than pronotum, angularly produced. Vertex as long as inter­ocular width, shorter than pronotum.</p><p>Male genitalia: Pygophore caudally rather truncate, ventral margin slightly convex. Subgenital plate rather triangular, more than three times longer than broad at base, with apical narrow extension, with 4 long marginal setae at basal 0.33. Style short, preapical lobe well­developed, apophysis of style slender, with an apical thin process, surface transversely rugose. Connective with stem longer than arms, paraphyses close together in basal 0.33, then divergent, slightly expanded in distal 0.33, mesal margin in distal 0.3 crenulate, apex rather pointed. Aedeagus with well­developed dorsal apodeme, shaft short, ventrally deeply grooved, with a dorsal keel in basal 0.5, a pair of anteriorly directed pronglike processes at midlength, gonopore subapical.</p><p>Female genitalia: Seventh sternum twice as broad as long, caudal margin rather straight.</p><p>Measurements: Male 4.40 mm long, 1.07 mm wide across eyes. Female 5.10 mm long and 1.17 mm wide across eyes.</p><p>Material examined: INDIA: holotype ɗ, Tamil Nadu: Madumalai, 13.ii.1992, G. Thirumlai Coll. (ZSI). Paratype Ψ, data as holotype (ZSI). Other material: INDIA: Tamil Nadu: 1ɗ, Yercaud, 1370 m, 18.ix.1978, C.A. Viraktamath; 1 Ψ, same data but collected on 20.ix.1978 (UAS).</p><p>Remarks: The apically strongly diverging arms of the paraphyses distinguish this species from other species of Scaphoideus .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EF878DFFCFED075201D1FFA5D35741	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Viraktamath, C. A.;Mohan, G. S.	Viraktamath, C. A., Mohan, G. S. (2004): A revision of the deltocephaline leafhopper genus Scaphoideus (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) from the Indian subcontinent. Zootaxa 578: 1-48, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.169102
03EF878DFFCCED075201D7EAA49853F6.text	03EF878DFFCCED075201D7EAA49853F6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Scaphoideus inequalis	<div><p>Scaphoideus inequalis sp. nov.</p><p>Figs 81–87.</p><p>Coloration similar to S. insignis (Distant) but facial markings different. Face ochraceous, dorsal half with four to five transverse chocolate brown to black bands; a transverse band across face brownish, apical marginal areas chocolate brown. A transverse fascia on pro­ and mesopleura chocolate brown.</p><p>Head narrower than pronotum, triangularly produced. Vertex with depressed disc, slightly longer medially than inter­ocular width.</p><p>Male genitalia: Pygophore with slightly rounded caudal lobe, inwardly curved on caudo­ventral margin. Subgenital plate triangular, inner margin with an indentation in apical 0.25, 2.72 times as long as wide at base with an oblique row of six stout elongate setae, without narrower apical extension. Style elongate, with well­developed preapical lobe. Apophysis of style slender, as long as rest of style, slightly sinuate, with serrated ventral margin. Connective with arms longer than stem, paraphyses weakly developed, slender, unequal. Aedeagus narrow, tubular, strongly curved, directed caudo­ventrally, shaft with anteriorly directed short process at midlength, apex deeply excavated in form of a U; dorsal apodeme strongly developed as long as shaft, gonopore apical.</p><p>Female genitalia: Hind margin of seventh sternum with a deep V­shaped excavation in the middle.</p><p>Measurements: Male 6.90–7.10 mm long, 1.50–1.55 mm wide across eyes. Female 7.10 mm long and 1.55 mm across eyes.</p><p>Material examined: INDIA: holotype ɗ, Karnataka: 19 Km W Dharwad, grasses, 12.xi. 1991, C.A. Viraktamath (UAS). Paratypes: INDIA: Karnataka: 1ɗ, data as holotype; 1Ψ, Shimoga, light trap, 1975 (BMNH).</p><p>Remarks: S. inequalis resembles S. insignis externally, but differs in the facial markings. Its male genitalia are similar to those of S. knappi, from which it differs in having slender paraphyses and a tubular curved aedeagal shaft.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EF878DFFCCED075201D7EAA49853F6	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Viraktamath, C. A.;Mohan, G. S.	Viraktamath, C. A., Mohan, G. S. (2004): A revision of the deltocephaline leafhopper genus Scaphoideus (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) from the Indian subcontinent. Zootaxa 578: 1-48, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.169102
03EF878DFFC2ED095201D45AA675508C.text	03EF878DFFC2ED095201D45AA675508C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Scaphoideus insignis (Distant) Distant	<div><p>Scaphoideus insignis (Distant)</p><p>Figs 88–96.</p><p>Hussa insignis Distant, 1918: 68 . SYNTYPE Ψ, INDIA [BMNH, not examined]. Scaphoideus insignis (Distant): Barnett, 1977: 494.</p><p>Coloration as described by Distant (1918). Head narrower than pronotum. Vertex as long as interocular width.</p><p>Male genitalia: Pygophore longer than high, caudal area slightly angled with two tufts of long setae. Subgenital plate triangular, apically narrowed with an acute apex; oblique row of four stout setae in basal half. Style broad at base with well­developed preapical lobe, apophysis long, slender, slightly more than half as long as total length, with short ventral tooth and ventral margin with pustules. Connective with arms approximating, short, fused with paraphyses, with strong basal apodeme, paraphyses fused in basal 0.66, slightly divergent in apical half and pointed apically. Aedeagus V­shaped, as long as dorsal apodeme, strongly laterally compressed, with two subapical toothlike processes on ventral margin and short triangular apical process on dorsal margin, gonopore subapical on ventral margin. Two well­developed sclerites arising from tenth segment with curved, acutely pointed, dark pigmented distal process in contact with dorsal apodeme.</p><p>Female genitalia: Hind margin of seventh sternum with a median V­shaped notch.</p><p>Measurements: Male 6.40 mm long and 1.38 mm wide across eyes. Female 6.60 mm long, 1.45 mm wide across eyes.</p><p>Material examined: INDIA: Tamil Nadu: 1ɗ, Shambaganur, 30.x.1975, C. A. Viraktamath (UAS); 1ɗ, 1Ψ, Cinchona, Anamalai Hills (3500 ft or 1062 m), iv/ v.1957, P.S. Nathan Coll. (IRSNB).</p><p>Remarks: S. insignis is the largest species of the genus occurring in the subcontinent. Its paraphyses are fused for most of their length, a character shared with S. hirsutus . However, S. insignis has entirely different male genitalia, and its male plates have shorter hairlike setae.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EF878DFFC2ED095201D45AA675508C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Viraktamath, C. A.;Mohan, G. S.	Viraktamath, C. A., Mohan, G. S. (2004): A revision of the deltocephaline leafhopper genus Scaphoideus (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) from the Indian subcontinent. Zootaxa 578: 1-48, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.169102
03EF878DFFC2ED085201D0A7A22853F1.text	03EF878DFFC2ED085201D0A7A22853F1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Scaphoideus jogensis	<div><p>Scaphoideus jogensis sp. nov.</p><p>Figs 97–106.</p><p>Vertex, pronotum, and scutellum yellowish brown, a spot at apex of vertex and two marginal dots fuscous to dark brown. A transverse yellowish­brown band between eyes interrupted in the middle; a pair of faint median lines traversing from apex to base of vertex and fused beyond coronal sulcus. Face dark brown with sub­marginal inverted U­shaped band across eyes and area immediately below and above it yellowish­brown, lateral area of clypellus, lorum, and gena darker; scape, pedicel, and basal 0.33 of antennae pale ochraceous. In specimens from Mahabaleshwar and one male each from Jog Falls and Sandur the genae and lora are ochraceous. Pronotum with a pair of longitudinal yellowish­brown stripes on either side of median line. In the female and paratype male a broad stripe narrowed anteriorly and obliquely touching caudal margin and a more lateral spot behind eyes fuscous. Scutellum with basal triangles and two lateral spots beyond median impressed line, fuscous; a median longitudinal stripe and two lateral arched spots on scutellum in a few specimens fuscous. Thoracic pleura with fuscous area. Legs ochraceous, three spots on middle tibiae, first and second tarsomeres of middle leg, bases of hind tibial spines, apex of hind tibia, apex of hind basitarsus and middle area of second tarsal segment except at apex, apex of third tarsomere, all fuscous. Front wings streaked with dark brown, venation dark brown, an oblique spot on clavus in basal half, a spot on costal margin in basal half, apex of front wing, oblique cross vein and costa all more darker and prominent.</p><p>Head bluntly pointed at apex, distinctly narrower than pronotum. Vertex 1.3 times longer than inter­ocular width, slightly longer than pronotum. Paratypes from Mahabaleshwar have less pointed apex of head than those from Jog Falls.</p><p>Male genitalia: Pygophore longer than high, with two subapical tufts of setae in vertical row; caudal margin rounded. Subgenital plate triangular with a mesal lobe at apical 0.33, basal region with long setae arranged in an oblique row near base. Style slender, elongate, apophysis slender, straight, directed slightly laterally, half as long as total length, ventral margin with small tooth in basal half. Connective with arms as long as stem, paraphyses arched, in apical 0.20 strongly dorso­ventrally flattened, triangularly expanded. Aedeagus compressed with well­developed dorsal apodeme, preatrium short, with a pair of lateral lamellate processes near apex which in ventral aspect appear as a pair of short toothlike processes; gonopore apical on ventral margin; dorsal connective strongly sclerotized and fused with aedeagus.</p><p>Female genitalia: Hind margin of seventh sternum more or less straight.</p><p>Measurements: Male 4.70–5.0 mm long, 1.08–1.12 mm wide across eyes. Female 4.90–5.50 mm long and 1.19–1.25 mm wide across eyes.</p><p>Material examined: INDIA: holotype ɗ, Karnataka: Jog Falls, 17.xi.1976, C.A. Viraktamath (UAS). Paratypes: 2Ψ, data as holotype, but collected on 18.ii.1976; 1ɗ, 12 km NE Sandur, 12.ix.1985, Shashidhar; Kerala: 1ɗ, Thekkadi, 27.iii.1977, S. Viraktamath; Maharashtra: 2ɗ, 3Ψ, Kate’s point, 6 Km N Mahabaleshwar, 19.x.1985, C.W. &amp; L.B. O’Brien; 1ɗ, 2Ψ, 6 Km SW Mahabaleshwar, 19.x.1985, C.W. &amp; L.B. O’Brien (BMNH, UAS.).</p><p>Remarks: S. jogensis is similar to S. literatus Distant described from Borneo and S. orientalis Kitbamroong and Freytag from Thailand. They share a similar style, aedeagus, subgenital plates, and paraphyses. However, jogensis differs from the others in having a more slender laterally compressed aedeagal shaft, a straight laterally directed apophysis of the style, and differently shaped paraphyses which abruptly expand in the distal 0.20 into triangular lobes. The external coloration of jogensis is very similar to that of S. orientalis .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EF878DFFC2ED085201D0A7A22853F1	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Viraktamath, C. A.;Mohan, G. S.	Viraktamath, C. A., Mohan, G. S. (2004): A revision of the deltocephaline leafhopper genus Scaphoideus (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) from the Indian subcontinent. Zootaxa 578: 1-48, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.169102
03EF878DFFC1ED0A5201D45AA59F57BC.text	03EF878DFFC1ED0A5201D45AA59F57BC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Scaphoideus karachiensis Ahmed, Murthaza & Malik	<div><p>Scaphoideus karachiensis Ahmed, Murthaza &amp; Malik</p><p>Scaphoideus karchiensis Ahmed, Murthaza &amp; Malik 1988: 410 –411, Figs 1 A–L. HOLOTYPE ɗ, PAKISTAN [UKKP, not examined].</p><p>Remarks: This species was not studied. However, the illustrations of the species given by Ahmed et al. (1988) make it possible to identify the species correctly. They did not however illustrate the paraphyses and wrongly identified the male pygophore as the subgenital plate (Ahmed et al. 1988: Fig. 1 F). In male genitalia this species resembles S. sabourensis and S. zhangi but differs in having the pygophore spine meso­ventrally curved and hooklike (Ahmed et al. 1988: Fig. 1 L).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EF878DFFC1ED0A5201D45AA59F57BC	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Viraktamath, C. A.;Mohan, G. S.	Viraktamath, C. A., Mohan, G. S. (2004): A revision of the deltocephaline leafhopper genus Scaphoideus (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) from the Indian subcontinent. Zootaxa 578: 1-48, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.169102
03EF878DFFC1ED0A5201D64AA22B537C.text	03EF878DFFC1ED0A5201D64AA22B537C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Scaphoideus katraini Rao and Ramakrishnan	<div><p>Scaphoideus katraini Rao and Ramakrishnan</p><p>Figs 107–109.</p><p>Scaphoideus katraini Rao and Ramakrishnan, 1988, 69–71. HOLOTYPE ɗ, INDIA [NPC, examined]</p><p>Coloration and form as described by Rao and Ramakrishnan, (1988). Head of female more acutely pointed than that of male.</p><p>Male genitalia: Pygophore longer than high, caudal margin truncate, subgenital plate with elongate, broad at base then strongly narrowed to a more parallel extension, basal region with three long setae in an oblique row. Style with apophysis short, laterally curved. Connective with arms slightly shorter than stem, paraphyses caudally acuminate, symmetrical, separate but held together, in lateral aspect ventrally curved. Aedeagus with welldeveloped dorsal apodeme, shaft narrowed caudally, apex strongly upturned.</p><p>Female genitalia: Hind margin of seventh sternum with a median notch.</p><p>Measurements: Male 5.00 mm long, 1.15 mm wide across eyes. Female 5.50 mm long and 1.25 mm wide across eyes.</p><p>Material examined: INDIA: Holotype ɗ, Himachal Pradesh: Katrain, 15.vi.1987, light, V.R.S. Rao (NPC). Paratypes: 1ɗ, 1Ψ, Himachal Pradesh: Solan, x.1987, light, Ram Babu Coll. (NPC).</p><p>Remarks: Coloration of this species resembles that of species of Scaphodhara Viraktamath and Mohan. The paraphyses are symmetrical and not curved as shown by Rao and Ramakrishnan. This species is very distinctive in having very peculiarly held paraphyses.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EF878DFFC1ED0A5201D64AA22B537C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Viraktamath, C. A.;Mohan, G. S.	Viraktamath, C. A., Mohan, G. S. (2004): A revision of the deltocephaline leafhopper genus Scaphoideus (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) from the Indian subcontinent. Zootaxa 578: 1-48, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.169102
03EF878DFFC1ED0D5201D380A3295099.text	03EF878DFFC1ED0D5201D380A3295099.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Scaphoideus kirti	<div><p>Scaphoideus kirti sp. nov.</p><p>Figs 110–117</p><p>Brown with whitish band from tip of vertex to near apex of fore wing overlain with a pair of orange longitudinal stripes on head and thorax, with lateral margins dark brown. Vertex with reddish brown spot near apex, larger reddish brown spot on margin before each ocellus and behind each ocellus and connected by a thin brown line. Face yellowish brown, darker above, with a yellow transverse band below ocelli but above antennae. Pronotum and scutellum brown on lateral margin. Front wing with brown streaked pattern following most major veins, darker at base and apex. Legs ochraceous, three bands on middle tibia, bases of stout spines of hind tibiae, apex of hind tibiae, hind basitarsus and basal half of second tarsomere dark fuscous.</p><p>Male genitalia: Pygophore longer than high with two tufts of subapical setae in addition to scattered setae, half as long as pygophore. Subgenital plate triangular, apex pointed, two stout setae in basal 0.33. Style short, almost as long as connective, stout at base, apophysis slender curved laterally, with an acute apex. Connective Y­shaped, with U­shaped arms, paraphyses of uniform width near basal 0.33, in distal half divergent with acute apices. Aedeagus compressed with well­developed dorsal apodeme, this 0.75 as long as shaft, dorsal margin of shaft with a narrow lamellate process on either­side and apex with a pair of short toothlike processes, gonopore apical.</p><p>Female genitalia: Seventh sternum twice as long as sixth, medially convexly produced behind.</p><p>Measurements: Male 3.90 mm long, 0.90 mm wide across eyes, Female 4.60 mm long, and 1.04 mm wide across eyes.</p><p>Material examined: INDIA: Holotype ɗ Karnataka: Mudigere, 3.vi.1978, H.S. Krishnamurthy (UAS). PARATYPES: 1ɗ, data as for holotype; 4ɗ, 3Ψ, data as above but collected on 7.iv.1975 (3ɗ, 2Ψ), 2.vi.1978 (1ɗ), 6.iv.1980 (1ɗ) by C.A. Viraktamath; 1ɗ, Thithimathy, 21.i.1978, C. A. Viraktamath; Kerala: 1Ψ, Maraiyur, 1066 m, 24.iii.1977, B. Mallik; 1Ψ, Thekkadi, 27.iii.1977, C.A. Viraktamath; 2ɗ, Meppadi, 690 m, 18.x.1975, C. A. Viraktamath (BMNH, NPC, UAS).</p><p>Remarks: S. kirti resembles S. knappi but differs in the structure of the paraphyses and in having a stouter aedeagal shaft. Each paraphyses is separate right from the base whereas in knappi they are fused for a distance at the base before separating.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EF878DFFC1ED0D5201D380A3295099	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Viraktamath, C. A.;Mohan, G. S.	Viraktamath, C. A., Mohan, G. S. (2004): A revision of the deltocephaline leafhopper genus Scaphoideus (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) from the Indian subcontinent. Zootaxa 578: 1-48, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.169102
03EF878DFFC6ED0C5201D0B2A5CC57F9.text	03EF878DFFC6ED0C5201D0B2A5CC57F9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Scaphoideus lamellaris	<div><p>Scaphoideus lamellaris sp. nov.</p><p>Figs 118–124.</p><p>Coloration similar to S. sculptus sp. nov. but anterior submarginal chocolate brown band widened medially.</p><p>Head narrower than pronotum. Vertex slightly shorter than inter­ocular width.</p><p>Male genitalia; Pygophore longer than high; caudal lobe rounded, ventral margin slightly convex. Subgenital plate triangular, 3.5 times as long as width at base, with apical extension; four elongate setae near base, of which three form an oblique row. Style broad at base, preapical lobe slightly curved, distally narrowed. Connective with stem longer than arms, paraphyses bladelike, of uniform width for most of length, in distal 0.33 narrowed, apices slightly overlapping each other, in lateral aspect curved and strongly narrowed distally especially beyond midlength. Aedeagus compressed laterally, in lateral aspect widest at midlength, pointed distally, with two ventrally directed lamellae, gonopore subapical.</p><p>Measurements: Male 5.10 (approximately) mm long, 1.20 mm wide across eyes.</p><p>Material examined: MYANMAR: holotype ɗ, Upper Burma: Nam Tama Valley, 26.viii.1938, R. Kaulback, B.M. 1939–741, 3000 ft (910 m), Lat. N 27o 42’, Long. E 97o 54’ (BMNH).</p><p>Remarks: S. lamellaris externally resembles sculptus, from which it can be readily distinguished by the absence of basal aedeagal processes and by the presence of ventrally directed lamellate aedeagal processes.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EF878DFFC6ED0C5201D0B2A5CC57F9	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Viraktamath, C. A.;Mohan, G. S.	Viraktamath, C. A., Mohan, G. S. (2004): A revision of the deltocephaline leafhopper genus Scaphoideus (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) from the Indian subcontinent. Zootaxa 578: 1-48, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.169102
03EF878DFFC7ED0C5201D612A3B35387.text	03EF878DFFC7ED0C5201D612A3B35387.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Scaphoideus malaisei	<div><p>Scaphoideus malaisei sp. nov.</p><p>Figs 125–130.</p><p>Coloration similar to that of sculptus but the transverse bands on pronotum not very distinctive. Face with a series of six transverse brown stripes on upper part.</p><p>Head triangularly produced in front with bluntly angled apex. Vertex shorter than inter­ocular width.</p><p>Male genitalia: Pygophore longer than high, caudal lobe rounded. Subgenital plate triangular, elongate, 4 times as long as broad at base, with four long setae near base, three forming an oblique line. Style with well­developed preapical lobe, broad at proximal region, apophysis long, distally narrowed, slightly curved laterally. Connective with stem longer than arms, with a dorsal keel, paraphyses running parallel to each other in proximal half then divergent, in lateral view curved caudo­dorsally, in distal 0.33, with serrated lateral margin subapically. Aedeagus broad at base, shaft narrowed distally with a pair of denticles at apex in dorsal margin, with ventral and lateral furrows, gonopore subapical, dorsal apodeme as long as shaft in lateral aspect.</p><p>Measurements: Male 5.50 mm long, 1.37 mm wide across eyes.</p><p>Material examined: MYANMAR: Holotype ɗ, N.E. BURMA: Kambaiti, 7000 ft,(2123 m), 18.v.1935, R. Malaise, Brit. Mus., 1935–630 (BMNH).</p><p>Remarks: S. malaisei externally resembles sculptus . It can be readily distinguished from sculptus and other species of Scaphoideus by the structure of the aedeagus.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EF878DFFC7ED0C5201D612A3B35387	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Viraktamath, C. A.;Mohan, G. S.	Viraktamath, C. A., Mohan, G. S. (2004): A revision of the deltocephaline leafhopper genus Scaphoideus (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) from the Indian subcontinent. Zootaxa 578: 1-48, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.169102
03EF878DFFFAED315201D45AA5AE565D.text	03EF878DFFFAED315201D45AA5AE565D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Scaphoideus morosus Melichar	<div><p>Scaphoideus morosus Melichar</p><p>Figs 131–138.</p><p>Scaphoideus morosus Melichar, 1903: 197; Ishihara, 1961: 251; Kitbamroong &amp; Freytag, 1978: 11, Figs 1, 3, 141. SYNTYPES ɗΨ, SRI LANKA [MMB, not examined]</p><p>Coloration and structure as described by Kitbamroong &amp; Freytag, (1978).</p><p>Measurements: Male 4.00 mm long, 1.10 mm wide across eyes. Female 4.40 mm long and 1.20 mm wide across eyes.</p><p>Material examined: INDIA: West Bengal: 6ɗ, 8Ψ, Calcutta, 17.iv.1975; Karnataka: 1ɗ, Dharwad, 9.vi.1972; 1Ψ, 12 km W Dharwad, 12.xi.1991; 1ɗ, 9 Km SE Magadi, 16.vii.1977; 1Ψ, 5 Km N Anekal, 10.viii.1975; all collected by C.A. Viraktamath; Karnataka: 1ɗ, 2Ψ, Jog Falls, 17.xi.1976, B. Mallik; 1Ψ, Nandi Hills, 4.vi.1978, S. Viraktamath; Uttar Pradesh: 1ɗ, Dehradun, 26.vi.1975, C. A. Viraktamath (UAS).</p><p>Remarks: See under S. harlani .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EF878DFFFAED315201D45AA5AE565D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Viraktamath, C. A.;Mohan, G. S.	Viraktamath, C. A., Mohan, G. S. (2004): A revision of the deltocephaline leafhopper genus Scaphoideus (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) from the Indian subcontinent. Zootaxa 578: 1-48, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.169102
03EF878DFFFAED315201D6F7A435502E.text	03EF878DFFFAED315201D6F7A435502E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Scaphoideus orientalis Kitbamroong & Freytag	<div><p>Scaphoideus orientalis Kitbamroong &amp; Freytag</p><p>Figs 139–144.</p><p>Scaphoideus orientalis Kitbamroong &amp; Freytag 1978: 20 –21, Figs 24, 27, 123–128. HOLOTYPE ɗ, THAILAND [BPBM, not examined].</p><p>Kitbamroong and Freytag (1978) have adequately described the species. Here illustrations of male genitalia are provided for easy identification.</p><p>Material examined: INDIA: Mizoram: 1 ɗ, Lunglei, 21.xi.1981, C.S. Wesley; 1Ψ, Aizawl, 18.xi.1981, at light, C.S.Wesley (UAS).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EF878DFFFAED315201D6F7A435502E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Viraktamath, C. A.;Mohan, G. S.	Viraktamath, C. A., Mohan, G. S. (2004): A revision of the deltocephaline leafhopper genus Scaphoideus (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) from the Indian subcontinent. Zootaxa 578: 1-48, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.169102
03EF878DFFFAED315201D038A6995391.text	03EF878DFFFAED315201D038A6995391.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Scaphoideus ornatus Melichar	<div><p>Scaphoideus ornatus Melichar</p><p>Figs 145–150.</p><p>Scaphoideus ornatus Melichar, 1903: 196; Kitbamroong &amp; Freytag, 1978, 23, Figs 123–128. HOLOTYPE ɗ, SRI LANKA [MMB, notexamined]</p><p>This species was not encountered during the study; however, illustrations of the holotype male drawn by Freytag are included. It can readily be recognised by the peculiarly shaped paraphyses.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EF878DFFFAED315201D038A6995391	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Viraktamath, C. A.;Mohan, G. S.	Viraktamath, C. A., Mohan, G. S. (2004): A revision of the deltocephaline leafhopper genus Scaphoideus (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) from the Indian subcontinent. Zootaxa 578: 1-48, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.169102
03EF878DFFFBED305201D45AA4025724.text	03EF878DFFFBED305201D45AA4025724.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Scaphoideus rathani Ghosh	<div><p>Scaphoideus rathani Ghosh</p><p>Scaphoideus rathani Ghosh 1974 77–81. HOLOTYPE ɗ, INDIA [ZSI, not examined].</p><p>Specimens of this species were not available for the study. The type series, which is supposed to be deposited in ZSI, were also not available for study. The species is very poorly described and without recourse to the study of male genitalia it is not possible to identify it with the description provided by the author.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EF878DFFFBED305201D45AA4025724	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Viraktamath, C. A.;Mohan, G. S.	Viraktamath, C. A., Mohan, G. S. (2004): A revision of the deltocephaline leafhopper genus Scaphoideus (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) from the Indian subcontinent. Zootaxa 578: 1-48, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.169102
03EF878DFFFBED335201D732A33554D9.text	03EF878DFFFBED335201D732A33554D9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Scaphopideus russus Distant	<div><p>Scaphopideus russus Distant</p><p>Figs 151–159.</p><p>Scaphoideus russus Distant, 1908b: 377 . LECTOTYPE ɗ, MYANMAR [BMNH, examined] Scaphoideus ornatus Melichar, Distant 1908a: 373 [misidentification]</p><p>Scaphoideus polymitus Distant, 1908b: 376, Fig 273. Syn. nov.</p><p>Coloration as described by Distant (1908b) with following additional characters. Anterior margin of head with three arched piceous lines one above and two below ocelli. Apex of vertex with a round black spot, a transverse castaneous band connected with apical black spot sometimes medially interrupted by an ochraceous line. Basal triangle of scutellum piceous, area between them orange, posterior half bright­yellowish white with piceous lateral marginal spot near apex.</p><p>Head about as wide as pronotum. Vertex bluntly pointed, longer than inter­ocular distance. Claval veins medially approximated.</p><p>Male genitalia: Pygophore longer than high, with a few tufts of apical long setae, caudal margin rounded. Subgenital plates triangular, with acute apex, slightly curved laterally with two stout long setae at basal 0.33. Style with well­developed preapical lobe, apophysis strongly curved laterally, about half as long as style, with subapical tooth and numerous microscopic denticles on ventral margin, apex acutely pointed. Connective with stem as long as arms, latter semicircular, paraphyses slender, elongate. Aedeagus with stout, cruciform (in cephalic view) dorsal apodeme, shaft slender, strongly curved first caudally then dorsally with a pair of long apical processes, gonopore apical.</p><p>Female genitalia: Hind margin of seventh sternum medially angularly produced into a lobelike structure with a notch in middle.</p><p>Measurements: Male 4.50 mm long, 1.08 mm wide across eyes. Female 4.50 mm long, 1.13 mm wide across eyes.</p><p>Material examined: MYANMAR: Lectotype ɗ, “ Type, H.T.” (circular disk with red margin) “ Scaphoideus russus Dist. type ” (hand written label) “Myitta, Doherty” (hand written label) “Dist. Coll. 1911­383” (printed label) here designated (BMNH). INDIA: Mizoram: 1ɗ, Lunglei, 20.xi.1981, C. S. Wesley; West Bengal: 1Ψ, 10 Km N Siliguri, 1.xi.1981, C.A. Viraktamath (UAS); North Bengal: 1ɗ, Purneah District: Katihar, 13.x.1907, C.A. Paiva (specimen determined by Distant 1908b as S. ornatus) (BMNH).</p><p>Remarks: The head pattern and strongly curved aedeagal shaft with an apical pair of processes distinguish this species from other species of Scaphoideus . The type specimen of S. polymitus is missing; however, the label which bore the type reads “ Type, H.T.” “ Scaphoideus polymitus Dist. type ” “Myitta, Doherty” “Dist. Coll. 1911­383”. The synonymy is based on the similarity of the colour pattern in the two species.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EF878DFFFBED335201D732A33554D9	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Viraktamath, C. A.;Mohan, G. S.	Viraktamath, C. A., Mohan, G. S. (2004): A revision of the deltocephaline leafhopper genus Scaphoideus (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) from the Indian subcontinent. Zootaxa 578: 1-48, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.169102
03EF878DFFF9ED325201D45AA44D50A4.text	03EF878DFFF9ED325201D45AA44D50A4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Scaphoideus sabourensis Rao and Ramakrishnan	<div><p>Scaphoideus sabourensis Rao and Ramakrishnan</p><p>Figs 160–170.</p><p>Scaphoideus sabourensis Rao and Ramakrishnan, 1988: 71 –72. HOLOTYPE ɗ, INDIA [NPC, examined]</p><p>Coloration and structure as described by Rao and Ramakrishnan (1988) and similar to that of S. coloratus .</p><p>Head shorter than inter­ocular distance, anteriorly obtusely rounded.</p><p>Male genitalia: Dorsal margin of pygophore with a stout spine, caudal lobe ventrally produced into a short blunt process. Tenth segment sclerotized. Subgenital plate elongate, triangular, with bluntly rounded apex, marginal setae stout, long. Style with well­developed preapical lobe, apophysis slender, elongate, slightly curved laterally with ventral area pustulate. Connective with stem short, slender, arms divergent, paraphyses long, twisted, divergent at caudal apex. Aedeagus compressed, V­shaped, shaft broader at base, slightly narrowed at apex in lateral aspect, dorsal apodeme well­developed, 0.80 as long as shaft, gonopore subapical.</p><p>Female genitalia: Hind margin of seventh sternum sinuate.</p><p>Measurements: Male 4.20 mm long, and 1.15 mm wide across eyes. Female 4.50 mm long and 1.20 mm wide across eyes.</p><p>Material examined: INDIA: Holotype ɗ, Bihar: Sabour, Oct. 1965, light, S.N. Prasad (NPC). Other material examined: Maharashtra: 1ɗ, 1Ψ, Matheran, 915 m, 23.xi.1977, C.A. Viraktamath; Karnataka: 1ɗ, 25 Km S Shimoga, 26.xi.1982, H.V.A. Murthy; 3ɗ, Jog Falls, 16.xi.1976, B. Mallik and C.A. Viraktamath; West Bengal: 1ɗ, 1Ψ, Paresnath. 4400 ft (1335 m), 11.iv.1909, Annandale, Ind. Mus. Distant Coll. B.M. 1911­383; 2Ψ, same data but collected on 12.iv.1909 at heights of 4000–4400 ft (1213–1335 m); 1Ψ, Kurseong, 5000 ft (1517 m), E. Himalayas, 5.vii.1908, N. Annandale, Ind. Mus. Distant Coll. B.M. 1911–383 (BMNH, UAS).</p><p>Remarks: S. sabourensis resembles S. asymmetricus but differs in having a stouter and longer aedeagal shaft that lacks lateral processes.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EF878DFFF9ED325201D45AA44D50A4	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Viraktamath, C. A.;Mohan, G. S.	Viraktamath, C. A., Mohan, G. S. (2004): A revision of the deltocephaline leafhopper genus Scaphoideus (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) from the Indian subcontinent. Zootaxa 578: 1-48, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.169102
03EF878DFFF9ED345201D34FA2165631.text	03EF878DFFF9ED345201D34FA2165631.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Scaphoideus sculptellus	<div><p>Scaphoideus sculptellus sp. nov.</p><p>Figs 171–175.</p><p>Coloration and structure similar to those of S. sculptus sp. nov. (see below), but clypellus, lora, and genae with fuscous patches. Head triangularly produced in front, bluntly angled, longer than inter­ocular width.</p><p>Male genitalia: Pygophore longer than high, ventral margin convexly rounded. Subgenital plate triangular, caudally slightly curved laterally, with pointed apex, 3.75 as long as broad at base. Style as in S. sculptus . Connective with stem longer than arms, paraphyses in dorsal view constricted at basal 0.40 length, then slightly broadened, in distal 0.15, narrowed with strongly inwardly curved outer margin, entire surface of paraphyses sculpted with short spicules. Aedeagus with well­developed dorsal apodeme, shaft in lateral aspect narrowed distally, strongly bent dorsally beyond gonopore, a pair of curved processes on dorsal connective directed caudoventrally.</p><p>Measurements: Male 4.80 mm long, 1.12 mm wide across eyes.</p><p>Material examined: SRI LANKA: holotype ɗ, Maskeliya, Ceylon, 6.iii.1909, T.B. F[letcher]. Brit. Mus. 1909­80 (BMNH).</p><p>Remarks: S. sculptellus shares the sculptured paraphyses of sculptus, a species it closely resembles. However, sculptellus differs from sculptus in lacking the basal processes of the aedeagal shaft, and in possessing a curved process on the dorsal connective.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EF878DFFF9ED345201D34FA2165631	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Viraktamath, C. A.;Mohan, G. S.	Viraktamath, C. A., Mohan, G. S. (2004): A revision of the deltocephaline leafhopper genus Scaphoideus (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) from the Indian subcontinent. Zootaxa 578: 1-48, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.169102
03EF878DFFFFED375201D6C8A4E65109.text	03EF878DFFFFED375201D6C8A4E65109.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Scaphoideus sculptus	<div><p>Scaphoideus sculptus sp. nov.</p><p>Figs 176–185.</p><p>Scaphoideus festivus Matsumura, Melichar 1903: 195, Figs 8 a–c; Distant 1908b: 372 –373, Fig. 235 [misidentification].</p><p>Coloration resembling that of S. coloratus . Head ochraceous, disc of vertex with a marginal arched piceous line and a transverse reddish brown band between anterior angles of eyes; posterior margin of vertex near eyes piceous, four transverse parallel piceous lines on the upper part of face. Pronotum with anterior and submarginal reddish brown transverse bands, lateral areas of anterior band darker. Basal angles of scutellum brown, area between them reddish brown, a transverse band behind impressed line ivory, area posterior to it dark brown. Mesopleura and metapleura with short oblique fuscous line.</p><p>Head narrower than pronotum, vertex bluntly rounded in front, 1.7 times longer than inter­ocular width. Claval veins approximated at midlength but not fused.</p><p>Male genitalia: Pygophore longer than high, caudal end obliquely curved and with tuft of long setae. Subgenital plate triangular with acute apex, an oblique row of four long setae near basal 0.33 length. Connective with stem slender, slightly longer than arms, paraphyses at base inwardly curved with pointed apex, entire surface of paraphyses pustulated. Aedeagus with well­developed dorsal apodeme, shaft cylindrical, directed caudally, with a recurved process on either side of base and slightly longer than shaft, gonopore apical.</p><p>Female genitalia: Hind margin of seventh sternum produced medially.</p><p>Measurements: Male 4.50 mm long and 1.10 mm wide across eyes. Female 4.70 mm long and 1.19 mm wide across eyes.</p><p>Material examined: INDIA: holotype ɗ, Karnataka: Mudigere, 7.iv.1975, C.A. Viraktamath (UAS). Paratypes: INDIA: Karnataka: 1ɗ, 5Ψ, data as holotype but collected on 22.v.1976 and 2Ψ, on 26.iii.1977; 2Ψ, 2.vi.1978; 1ɗ, 1Ψ, data as holotype but collected on 22.v.1976 by B. Mallik; 1ɗ, 2Ψ, data as in holotype but collected on 24.vi.1989 by V.V.Belavadi; 1ɗ, 1Ψ, Nagarhole, 17.i.1978, C.A. Viraktamath; 1Ψ, Kemmangundi, 10.iv.1975, C.A. Viraktamth; 1Ψ, Jog Falls, 524 m, at light, 16.xi.1976, B. Mallik; 1Ψ, same data collected by C.A. Viraktamath; 1Ψ, Kogur (36 Km W Jog Falls), 18.xi.1976, B. Mallik. Kerala: 1ɗ, 6Ψ, Thekkadi, 26–27.iii.1977, C.A. Viraktamath (3 Ψ), S. Viraktamath (2 Ψ) and B. Mallik (1ɗ, 1Ψ). Tamil Nadu: 1 Ψ, Kodaikanal, v. 1914, T.V.Campbell; 1Ψ, Valparai, 14.iv.1981, A.R.V. Kumar (BMNH, NPC, UAS, USNM). SRI LANKA: 1ɗ, Rakwana, 6.ii.1953, J.W.S. Pringle, B.M. 1953­175, by sweeping; 1Ψ, Uva P. Madulsima, 23.v.1908, T.B.F.; 1ɗ, 4Ψ, Peradenyia, collected on different dates during 1904–1914; 1Ψ, same data but collected on i.05 “ festivus Mats ” (Distant’s handwriting, probably used for description and illustration by Distant, 1908 misidentification of the species); 1Ψ, same data but collected on 1.x.1913, by A, Rutherford and misidentified as Scaphoideus festivus Mats. (BMNH).</p><p>Remarks: S. sculptellus externally resembles sculptus . It also very closely agrees with the female description and illustrations provided by Distant (1908b) and Melichar (1903) of festivus, suggesting that what these authors had in front of them while describing S. festivus (Matsumura) was either sculptus or sculptellus rather than the species of Matsumura (1902), which is not known to us from the Indian subcontinent.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EF878DFFFFED375201D6C8A4E65109	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Viraktamath, C. A.;Mohan, G. S.	Viraktamath, C. A., Mohan, G. S. (2004): A revision of the deltocephaline leafhopper genus Scaphoideus (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) from the Indian subcontinent. Zootaxa 578: 1-48, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.169102
03EF878DFFFCED365201D122A53F5489.text	03EF878DFFFCED365201D122A53F5489.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Scaphoideus spiculatus	<div><p>Scaphoideus spiculatus sp. nov.</p><p>Figs 186–192.</p><p>Coloration similar to that in sculptus . Head narrower than pronotum, triangularly produced obtusely rounded in front. Vertex shorter than inter­ocular width.</p><p>Male genitalia: Pygophore longer than high, caudal lobe rounded distally, ventral margin convex. Subgenital plate triangular, four times as long as width at base, with three long setae at base in an oblique row. Style broad at base, preapical lobe well­developed, apophysis narrowed towards apex, laterally strongly curved. Connective with stem longer than arms, with a dorsal keel, paraphyses arising from broad base, divergent caudally, apically narrowed with inner margin serrated near apex. Aedeagus L­shaped, shaft spatulate, ventrally grooved along midline, dorsal apodeme well­developed, platelike, distally bilobed, gonopore subapical.</p><p>Measurements: Male 5.20–5.40 mm long, 1.25–1.27 mm wide across eyes.</p><p>Material examined: MYANMAR: holotype ɗ, Burma: Mishmi Hills, Dingliang, 2450 ft (743m), 13.iii.1935, M Steel, Brit. Mus. 1935­312 (BMNH). Paratype: 1ɗ, MYAN­ MAR: Upper Burma: Nam Tama Valley, 26.viii.1938, R. Kaulback, B.M. 1938­741, Alt. 3000ft (910m), lat. N 27o 42’, Long. 97o 54’ (BMNH).</p><p>Remarks: Externally spiculatus resembles ornatus but is closer to S. maai Kitbamroong and Freytag from which it differs in having a spatulate aedeagal shaft and a broad platelike dorsal apodeme.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EF878DFFFCED365201D122A53F5489	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Viraktamath, C. A.;Mohan, G. S.	Viraktamath, C. A., Mohan, G. S. (2004): A revision of the deltocephaline leafhopper genus Scaphoideus (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) from the Indian subcontinent. Zootaxa 578: 1-48, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.169102
03EF878DFFFDED385201D0A6A3175121.text	03EF878DFFFDED385201D0A6A3175121.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Scaphoideus stigmaticus Distant	<div><p>Scaphoideus stigmaticus Distant</p><p>Fig. 193–197.</p><p>Scaphoideus stigmaticus Distant, 1918: 67 . HOLOTYPE Ψ, INDIA [BMNH, examined].</p><p>Coloration as described by Distant (1918). The median two spindle­shaped elongate spots on vertex broader, remaining four on either side of these of similar width, sometimes reaching hind margin of vertex. Upper part of face with an arched dark brown line. Scutellum with median brown stripes in addition to dark brown basal triangles.</p><p>Male genitalia: Caudo­dorsal lobe of pygophore rather triangular, with two tufts of long setae, dorsal margin angularly excavated. Subgenital plate triangular, apex rounded with a few stout setae arranged submarginally. Connective Y­shaped. Style with apophysis stout and long, exceeding subgenital plate, ventral margin transversely rugulose. Aedeagus large, compressed, with a pair of subapical processes directed cephalo­ventrad, a pair of apical processes curved anteriorly after traversing a short distance in line with shaft, gonopore on caudal margin between bases of apical processes; dorsal apodeme well­developed.</p><p>Female genitalia: Hind margin medially concave, without a median lobe.</p><p>Measurements: Male 5.30 mm long, 1.25 mm wide across eyes. Female 5.80 mm long 1.40 mm wide across eyes.</p><p>Material examined: INDIA: Holotype Ψ, “ Type, H.T.” (red margined circular disc) “ Scaphoideus stigmaticus Dist. type ” (hand written label) “E. Himalayas” (hand written label) “Distant Coll. 1911­383” (printed label), here designated (BMNH); Assam: 1ɗ, Margherita, W. Doherty from Indian Mus. Distant Coll. B. M. 1911­383 (BMNH); 1Ψ, Sikkim: Singtam, 30.x.1981, C.A. Viraktamath (UAS).</p><p>Remarks: The male specimen was dissected earlier and it is likely that the paraphyses are missing(?). The aedeagus has both apical and subapical long processes. The species is only tentatively retained in the genus pending availability of more male specimens for a proper generic placement. For further comments see S. assamensis .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EF878DFFFDED385201D0A6A3175121	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Viraktamath, C. A.;Mohan, G. S.	Viraktamath, C. A., Mohan, G. S. (2004): A revision of the deltocephaline leafhopper genus Scaphoideus (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) from the Indian subcontinent. Zootaxa 578: 1-48, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.169102
03EF878DFFF3ED3B5201D1CAA38D5619.text	03EF878DFFF3ED3B5201D1CAA38D5619.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Scaphoideus trilobatus	<div><p>Scaphoideus trilobatus sp. nov.</p><p>Figs 198–205.</p><p>Brownish ochraceous. Vertex ochraceous with marginal dark brown stripe, broken at places to form spots, a transverse band across eyes orange. Face ochraceous with upper half with a series of five transverse bands dorsad of bases of antennae. Pronotum with a darker short anterior band and an indistinct transverse band in posterior half. Scutellum paler in posterior half with lateral marginal fuscous spots. Front wing brownish hyaline with white transparent spots. A spot on costa at basal 0.33, veins at apical half of front wing, spots on clavus, a larger spot in apical cells, and marginal band apically, all dark brown.</p><p>Head narrower than pronotum, triangular, obtusely angled in front with rather sharp margin separating face from vertex. Vertex shorter than inter­ocular width, disk depressed, with a transverse impressed line across inner margins of ocelli, area anterior to line dull, region posterior to it polished.</p><p>Male genitalia: Pygophore longer than high, caudal lobe rounded, ventral margin convex, a ventral forked sclerotized band placed obliquely in caudal half. Subgenital plate triangular, 3.4 times as long as broad at base, very narrow in distal 0.33, five long setae in an arc in basal half. Style broad at base, preapical lobe well­developed, apophysis slender, elongate, rather straight with serrated ventral margin and a subapical triangular prominence. Connective with a dorsal keel, stem longer than arms, paraphyses bladelike, close together, curved caudo­dorsally in lateral aspect with overlapping distal tips. Aedeagus with well­developed triangular platelike dorsal apodeme, shaft tubular, flanked laterally by lamellate processes, shorter than shaft; gonopore apical.</p><p>Measurements: Male 6.80 mm long and 1.55 mm wide across eyes.</p><p>Material examined: MYANMAR: Holotype ɗ, N.E. BURMA: Kambaiti, 7000ft (2123m), 20.v.1934, R. Malaise, Brit. Mus. 1935­630 (BMNH). Paratype: 1ɗ, data as holotype (BMNH).</p><p>Remarks: S. trilobatus shares the structure of the paraphyses with that of coronatus Kitbamroong and Freytag. It can be readily distinguished from the other species of Scaphoideus by the impressed line on the disc of the vertex. It differs from coronatus in the shape of the aedeagus, subgenital plate, and curvature of the paraphyses.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EF878DFFF3ED3B5201D1CAA38D5619	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Viraktamath, C. A.;Mohan, G. S.	Viraktamath, C. A., Mohan, G. S. (2004): A revision of the deltocephaline leafhopper genus Scaphoideus (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) from the Indian subcontinent. Zootaxa 578: 1-48, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.169102
03EF878DFFF0ED3D5201D632A32954A1.text	03EF878DFFF0ED3D5201D632A32954A1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Scaphoideus varna	<div><p>Scaphoideus varna sp. nov.</p><p>Figs 206–212.</p><p>Vertex yellow with brown angular submarginal band, a median “flying falcon” ­shaped spot with a median yellow marking. Face chocolate­brown, frontoclypeus laterally yellow. Pronotum, scutellum, basal 0.33 of front wings chocolate brown with dispersed hyaline or white markings (similar to bicoloratus, Fig. 20), posterior margin of this patch of front wing forming a transverse line. One spot behind eye on pronotum, two pairs of lateral marginal spots to scutellum and apex white. Oblique veins on costa of front wing, veins of apical cells, 0.75 of median and inner cell transparent dark fuscous. Pleura chocolate brown except for white spot on meso­ and metapleura.</p><p>Head wider than pronotum, conically produced in front. Vertex as long medially as wide between eyes, a median faint ridge separating lateral depressed compartments.</p><p>Male genitalia: Caudal 0.25 of pygophore dark brown, caudally rounded, ventral margin convex. Subgenital plate slender, elongate, 3.6 times longer than greatest width near base, five stout setae in an oblique row near basal 0.25. Style with well­developed preapical lobe, apophysis short with bifid apex. Connective with short arms and long stem; paraphyses slender, longer than connective, apically acuminate. Aedeagus boat­shaped, connected to connective by membranous structure, shaft strongly compressed, bladelike, apex attenuated, strongly ventrally curved, dorsal apodeme well­developed, gonopore at 0.66 length on ventral margin.</p><p>Measurements: Male 3.90–4.40 mm long, 1.05–1.12 mm wide across eyes.</p><p>Material examined: MYANMAR: holotype ɗ, Bhamo, Birmania, Fea, ix.1885, 169 (the number on a separate blue coloured label) (MCSG). Paratype: 1ɗ, data as holotype but without the number label and collected vi.1885; 1 specimen (sex? abdomen missing) same data but collected on vi.1986 (MCSG).</p><p>Remarks: Both S. varna and S. bicolorata sp. nov. resemble each other externally and have very distinctive coloration. They also share the compressed aedeagus and the slender elongate needlelike paraphyses. S. varna does not bear any process on the aedeagal shaft whereas bicolorata has a pair of slender, elongate, apical processes.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EF878DFFF0ED3D5201D632A32954A1	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Viraktamath, C. A.;Mohan, G. S.	Viraktamath, C. A., Mohan, G. S. (2004): A revision of the deltocephaline leafhopper genus Scaphoideus (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) from the Indian subcontinent. Zootaxa 578: 1-48, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.169102
03EF878DFFF6ED3D5201D74AA57550EE.text	03EF878DFFF6ED3D5201D74AA57550EE.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Scaphoideus vaticus	<div><p>Scaphoideus vaticus sp. nov.</p><p>Figs 213–217.</p><p>Head yellow. Vertex with an anterior submarginal chocolate­brown band and a transverse orange­red broad stripe with anterior margin chocolate brown. Frontoclypeus yellow with four transverse chocolate brown bands. Pronotum with an anterior median orange spot continued laterally as chocolate brown band and a submarginal transverse brownish orange band. Scutellum with dark basal triangles, with orange spot on inner margin, apical half ivory yellow, apex brown. Front wing brownish with hyaline spots. Head as wide as pronotum. Vertex about as long as inter­ocular distance.</p><p>Male genitalia: Pygophore rounded caudally. Subgenital plate elongate, triangular with a parallel­sided caudal extension, 4.75 as long as maximum width at base, with an oblique row of five long setae. Connective with arms longer than stem, paraphyses directed laterally at base then twisted caudally at acute angle and sinuate, caudally narrowed. Style with well­developed subapical lobe, apophysis slender, apically narrowed, laterally curved. Aedeagus with well­developed dorsal apodeme, preatrium well­developed, shaft rather cylindrical with a pair of short apical and a pair of subapical longer processes, gonopore large, apical on ventral margin.</p><p>Measurements: Male 4.30 mm long, 1.12 mm wide across eyes.</p><p>Material examined: MYANMAR: holotype ɗ, Bhamo, Birmania, Fea, vi.1885, 168 (the number on a separate blue coloured label) (MCSG). Paratypes: 2 specimens (sex? abdomen missing), data as holotype but without the number label (MCSG).</p><p>Remarks: S. vaticus externally resembles ornatus in coloration but can readily be distinguished from it by the differently shaped paraphyses and by the presence of two pairs of processes on the aedeagal shaft.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EF878DFFF6ED3D5201D74AA57550EE	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Viraktamath, C. A.;Mohan, G. S.	Viraktamath, C. A., Mohan, G. S. (2004): A revision of the deltocephaline leafhopper genus Scaphoideus (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) from the Indian subcontinent. Zootaxa 578: 1-48, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.169102
03EF878DFFF6ED3F5201D378A6925159.text	03EF878DFFF6ED3F5201D378A6925159.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Scaphoideus zhangi	<div><p>Scaphoideus zhangi sp. nov.</p><p>Figs 218–227.</p><p>Coloration like that of S. coloratus and similar to that found in S. hirsutus . Head slightly wider than pronotum, as long as inter­ocular width. Front wing venation as in Fig. 226.</p><p>Male genitalia: Pygophore rather rectangular, with a small anterior apodeme, caudal margin truncate, produced into spinelike process ventrally, dorsal margin with a long spine like pigmented process at the point of articulation with tenth segment, a few stout, long setae in caudal 0.33 and marginal shorter setae. Subgenital plate triangular, with a lateral submarginal row of long setae and marginal hairlike setae, especially those at caudal end long. Style, pigmented, with a slender long, apophysis with transverse rugae, preapical lobe well­developed. Connective Y­shaped, pigmented, stem longer than arm. Paraphyses convergent, in ventral view, twisted at apical 0.25, articulated proximally with both aedeagus and connective. Aedeagus tubular, dorsal apodeme well­developed, shaft slightly narrowed distally and apex curved anteriorly, gonopore apical.</p><p>Female genitalia: Hind margin of seventh sternum broadly produced medially with a median notch.</p><p>Measurements: Male 4.5–4.6 mm long, 1.1–1.2 mm wide across eyes. Female 4.9 mm long, 1.3 mm wide across eyes.</p><p>Material examined: INDIA: holotype ɗ, Meghalaya: Lunglei, 21.xi.1981, C.S. Wesley (UAS). Paratype: INDIA: 1 ɗ, Meghalaya, 762 m, 4.xi.1981, S. Viraktamath; 1Ψ, data as in ɗ but collected by C.A. Viraktamath; 1Ψ, West Bengal: Teesta, 214 m, 28.x.1981, C.A. Viraktamath (BMNH, UAS).</p><p>Remarks: Externally S. zhangi resembles S. sabourensis but differs from it in having a longer dorsal spine on the pygophore at the point of articulation with the tenth segment, caudal margin truncate and produced ventrally into a spinelike process, and paraphyses strongly twisted. The new species is named after Dr Zang Yalin, North­western Agricultural University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China, in recognition of his good work on Chinese leafhoppers.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EF878DFFF6ED3F5201D378A6925159	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Viraktamath, C. A.;Mohan, G. S.	Viraktamath, C. A., Mohan, G. S. (2004): A revision of the deltocephaline leafhopper genus Scaphoideus (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) from the Indian subcontinent. Zootaxa 578: 1-48, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.169102
