identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
03EC4C72F46EFF8156F2FF6826EBFD38.text	03EC4C72F46EFF8156F2FF6826EBFD38.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Limnophora aculeipes Stein 1913	<div><p>Limnophora aculeipes Stein, 1913: 521 .</p><p>(Figs 9–12)</p><p>The single surviving syntype (a male in ZMHU, see Pont and Werner 2006: 16; Pont 2013: 52) was not seen during the present study . A series of males and females is deposited in the BMNH .</p><p>Diagnosis. Postsutural dorsocentrals 3; anterior postsutural intralar present; fore tibia without a posterior median seta; mid femur with 2 posterior preapical setae; mid tibia with 1 posterior seta and without anterodorsal seta; hind tibia without a posterodorsal seta; lower katepisternal seta more or less equidistant from the upper two; costal spine indistinct; sternite 5 (Fig. 9).</p><p>Terminalia. Cercal plate and surstylus as in Figs 10–11. Aedeagal complex as in Fig. 12.</p><p>Notes. L. aculeipes has been considered until now to be represented by three subspecies (Pont 1980): L. aculeipes aculeipes, L. aculeipes latilamellata Malloch, 1921 and L. aculeipes eurymetopa Emden, 1951 . Emden (1951) differentiated them mainly by the chaetotaxy of fore and hind tibiae. One male paratype of L. aculeipes eurymetopa and one male of each of the other two subspecies were dissected. The morphology of the terminalia of L. aculeipes latilamellata and L. aculeipes eurymetopa is identical, while that of L. aculeipes aculeipes is very different from the other two. We therefore consider L. aculeipes and L. latilamellata (stat. rev.) to be valid species, with L. aculeipes eurymetopa as a junior synonym of the latter (syn. nov.).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EC4C72F46EFF8156F2FF6826EBFD38	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Couri, Márcia;Pont, Adrian	Couri, Márcia, Pont, Adrian (2017): Afrotropical Limnophora Robineau-Desvoidy (Diptera, Muscidae) with the description of four new species. Zootaxa 4216 (6): 501-536, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.242395
03EC4C72F46EFF8056F2FCBD24EFFDB4.text	03EC4C72F46EFF8056F2FCBD24EFFDB4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Limnophora alta	<div><p>Limnophora alta sp. nov.</p><p>(Figs 13–16)</p><p>Type material. Holotype male, REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRICA: KwaZulu-Natal: Drakensberg Mts, 19.xi.2006 , A.C. Pont &amp; D. Werner / Royal Natal Nat. Park, Gudu Falls, 5590 ft, S28.40.971, E028.55.778 (BMNH) . Paratypes, 2 males, same labels as holotype (NMSA &amp; MNRJ)</p><p>Diagnosis. In the group with a broad male frons and 2 pairs of orbital setae, dorsocentrals 2+3, mid femur with 1 posterior preapical seta, and mid tibia with 2 posterodorsal setae, L. alta sp. nov. can be recognised by the high insertion of the antenna and by the scutal pattern, combined with the brown haltere knob.</p><p>Description. Male. General coloration. Ground-colour dark brown with grey-bluish dusting. Frontal vitta brown dusted; fronto-orbital plate, parafacial, face and gena silvery-white pruinose. Antenna, arista and palpus dark brown. Proboscis shining dark brown. Scutum brown with 2 grey-bluish vittae between acrostichal and dorsocentral rows of setae; postpronotal lobe, notopleuron, pleura and postalar callus light grey dusted with bluish reflexions. Scutellum brown, grey-bluish on disc. Anterior spiracle grey-bluish, yellow at centre. Wing clear. Calypters white, haltere with knob brown. Legs dark brown, coxae and femora grey-bluish dusted; a small apical area on fore femur, trochanters and femoro-tibial joints yellow. Abdomen dark brown, tergites 3–5 each with a triangular area of grey-bluish dust in anterolateral corners, syntergite 1+2 and tergites 3–5 with a narrow greybluish median vitta.</p><p>Male. Body length: 4.0 mm; wing length: 4.2 mm</p><p>Head. Eye bare, frons at level of anterior ocellus about one-third of head-width, margins parallel; 4 pairs of inclinate frontal setae and 2 pairs of reclinate orbital setae, and with some fine setulae outside the frontal setae; inner vertical seta long and outer one short; ocellar seta moderate. Antenna inserted above the mid-level of eye, postpedicel very long, almost reaching mouth-margin, about 4 times the length of pedicel; arista a little enlarged at basal fourth, short pubescent. Palpus very slightly enlarged to tip.</p><p>Thorax. Dorsocentrals 2+3; acrostichal setulae in 2 rows, prescutellar pair not differentiated; 2 postpronotals; 1 presutural and 2 postsutural intraalars similar in size; 1 presutural and 1 postsutural supraalar; 2 postalars, the posterior one very long; prealar absent. Prosternum setulose. Notopleuron with two setae similar in size. Scutellum with one sub-basal pair of setae and one long apical pair, lateral and ventral surfaces bare. Anepisternum with a series of 4 setae, the second and the last longer. Katepisternals 1+2, the lower posterior seta fine. Lower calypter about 1.5 times the length of the upper one.</p><p>Legs. Fore femur with rows of posterodorsal and posteroventral setae; fore tibia with 1 dorsal preapical and 1 posteroventral apical seta, both short; mid femur with 1 posterodorsal preapical; mid tibia with 2 short posterodorsals and 1 strong apical ventral; hind femur with an anterodorsal row of setae, and 1-3 anteroventral setae on apical fifth; hind tibia with 1 median anterodorsal seta, 1 submedian anteroventral seta; dorsal preapical seta and 1 ventral apical short.</p><p>Wing. Veins bare except for vein R4+5 which has 1–3 setulae on the node at base; veins R4+5 and M parallel at wing-tip; costal spine not differentiated.</p><p>Abdomen. Tergites 3–5 with medium-sized setae, mostly lateral marginals. Sternite 1 bare. Sternite 5 as in Fig. 13.</p><p>Terminalia. Cercal plate and surstylus as in Figs 14–15. Aedeagal complex as in Fig 16.</p><p>Female. Unknown.</p><p>Distribution. Republic of South Africa (KwaZulu-Natal).</p><p>Etymology. The specific name is from the Latin adjective “altus”, meaning “high”, and refers to the high insertion of the antenna.</p><p>Remarks. In Emden’s (1951) key to Limnophora, the new species runs to L. pluripila Emden, which is a small and entirely fuscous species.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EC4C72F46EFF8056F2FCBD24EFFDB4	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Couri, Márcia;Pont, Adrian	Couri, Márcia, Pont, Adrian (2017): Afrotropical Limnophora Robineau-Desvoidy (Diptera, Muscidae) with the description of four new species. Zootaxa 4216 (6): 501-536, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.242395
03EC4C72F46FFF8056F2FD4926B5FC55.text	03EC4C72F46FFF8056F2FD4926B5FC55.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Limnophora angustigena Emden 1948	<div><p>Limnophora angustigena Emden, 1948: 463 .</p><p>Holotype female seen; right mid leg missing.</p><p>Diagnosis. Dorsocentrals 2+3; mid femur with 2 posterior preapical setae; mid tibia with posterior 2 setae; lower katepisternal about twice as distant from the anterior as from the posterior one; costal spine indistinct. Notes. Known only from the holotype female from Abyssinia.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EC4C72F46FFF8056F2FD4926B5FC55	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Couri, Márcia;Pont, Adrian	Couri, Márcia, Pont, Adrian (2017): Afrotropical Limnophora Robineau-Desvoidy (Diptera, Muscidae) with the description of four new species. Zootaxa 4216 (6): 501-536, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.242395
03EC4C72F46FFF8056F2FC2A269FFADA.text	03EC4C72F46FFF8056F2FC2A269FFADA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Limnophora antennalis Couri & Pont 2014	<div><p>Limnophora antennalis Couri &amp; Pont, 2014: 312 .</p><p>Holotype male in BMSA. Series of paratype males and females seen during this study.</p><p>Diagnosis. Two pairs of reclinate oribital setae; acrostichal setulae in two rows; postsutural dorsocentrals 3; postpedicel very long, reaching mouth-margin; lower katepisternal seta about twice as distant from the anterior as from the posterior one; mid femur with 1 posterior preapical seta; mid tibia with 2 posterior setae.</p><p>Notes. This runs in Emden’s (1951) key to couplet 5 and can be differentiated from L. praeapicalis by the unusually long upper posterior katepisternal and inner postalar setae combined with a virtually bare arista. Male and female terminalia illustrated by Couri &amp; Pont (2014: Figs 26–31).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EC4C72F46FFF8056F2FC2A269FFADA	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Couri, Márcia;Pont, Adrian	Couri, Márcia, Pont, Adrian (2017): Afrotropical Limnophora Robineau-Desvoidy (Diptera, Muscidae) with the description of four new species. Zootaxa 4216 (6): 501-536, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.242395
03EC4C72F46FFF8056F2FA9F27CBF8D4.text	03EC4C72F46FFF8056F2FA9F27CBF8D4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Limnophora apicalis Zielke 1970	<div><p>Limnophora apicalis Zielke, 1970a: 73 .</p><p>(Figs 1, 17–20)</p><p>Holotype male in BMNH; in good condition, abdomen a little damaged.</p><p>Diagnosis. (Fig. 1) Scutum dark brown, postpronotum and notopleuron bluish-grey dusted; legs bluish-grey dusted; 1 reclinate orbital seta, curved outwards and backwards; postsutural dorsocentrals 3; mid femur with 1 posterior preapical seta; mid tibia with 1 posterior seta; sternite 5 (Fig. 17).</p><p>Terminalia. Cercal plate and surstylus as in Figs 18–19. Aedeagal complex as in Fig. 20.</p><p>Notes. This runs to L. praeapicalis Emden (couplet 5 of Emden 1951), and differs by the subshining scutum, with 2 pale brown paramedian vittae running inside the dorsocentral lines, from the neck to the second postsutural dorsocentral seta; and postpronotal lobe, notopleuron and postalar area with silvery pruinose patches.</p><p>Note. One male paratype dissected and illustrated.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EC4C72F46FFF8056F2FA9F27CBF8D4	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Couri, Márcia;Pont, Adrian	Couri, Márcia, Pont, Adrian (2017): Afrotropical Limnophora Robineau-Desvoidy (Diptera, Muscidae) with the description of four new species. Zootaxa 4216 (6): 501-536, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.242395
03EC4C72F46FFF8756F2F8A9242EFD52.text	03EC4C72F46FFF8756F2F8A9242EFD52.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Limnophora atra Robineau-Desvoidy 1830	<div><p>Limnophora atra Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830: 522 .</p><p>Diagnosis. Fronto-orbital plate silvery-white pruinose, more dull above; parafacial matt, dark brown from almost all angles; arista almost bare; scutum black, light grey only on postpronotum, notopleuron, postalar callus and postalar wall; presutural acrostichal setulae 3- to 4-serial; dorsocentrals 2+4; lower katepisternal seta much closer to posterior than to anterior seta; haltere yellow; fore tibia with a posterior seta; mid femur with 2 posterior preapical setae; mid tibia with 1 posterior seta; hind femur without posteroventral setae, with 3 anteroventrals in apical third; abdomen black and without a grey median vitta separating the spots so that syntergite 1+2 and tergites 3–5 have black transverse bands covering the dorsum except for some light grey dust in the antero-lateral corners of tergites 3–5.</p><p>Notes. This species was described from Mauritius from a single female specimen which is no longer in existence (not in MNHNP), and the species has remained unrecognised since it was first described. However, Robineau-Desvoidy’s brief description appears to refer to one of the species related to L. setalis Emden, which has a very dark body colour and virtually bare arista. There is a male in the BMNH (Mauritius, Macabé, 7.iii.1962, J. Vinson), which we identify as this species, and it is the only species related to L. setalis with Robineau-Desvoidy’s “optiques argentés” as the other species have the fronto-orbital plates mainly or entirely brown pruinose.</p><p>L. atra runs in Emden’s (1951) key to L. setalis, from which it differs by the absence of posteroventral setae on hind femur.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EC4C72F46FFF8756F2F8A9242EFD52	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Couri, Márcia;Pont, Adrian	Couri, Márcia, Pont, Adrian (2017): Afrotropical Limnophora Robineau-Desvoidy (Diptera, Muscidae) with the description of four new species. Zootaxa 4216 (6): 501-536, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.242395
03EC4C72F468FF8756F2FD282183FBD8.text	03EC4C72F468FF8756F2FD282183FBD8.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Limnophora bella Pont 1969	<div><p>Limnophora bella Pont, 1969: 17 .</p><p>Holotype in SMNS; also a series from South Africa in BMNH .</p><p>Diagnosis. Scutum dark brown, postpronotum and notopleuron bluish-grey dusted; legs bluish-grey dusted; one pair of orbital setae, curved outwards and backwards</p><p>Notes. This runs to couplet 9 of Emden’s (1951) key, close to L. fuscohalterata Emden and L. tetragramma Emden, differing from both species by the shorter frontal triangle, vibrissal angle projecting beyond profrons, hind femur with one anteroventral seta, knob of halteres yellow, and the dusted pattern of scutum and abdomen (Pont 1969). Pont (1969) gave an emendation of Emden’s (1951) key to identify these three species.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EC4C72F468FF8756F2FD282183FBD8	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Couri, Márcia;Pont, Adrian	Couri, Márcia, Pont, Adrian (2017): Afrotropical Limnophora Robineau-Desvoidy (Diptera, Muscidae) with the description of four new species. Zootaxa 4216 (6): 501-536, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.242395
03EC4C72F468FF8756F2FB9D2177FA85.text	03EC4C72F468FF8756F2FB9D2177FA85.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Limnophora bwambana Emden 1951	<div><p>Limnophora bwambana Emden, 1951: 427 .</p><p>Holotype male seen; in good condition.</p><p>Diagnosis. Arista plumose; postsutural dorsocentrals 4, the first two very short; mid femur with 2 posterior preapical setae; mid tibia with 1 posterior seta; lower katepisternal setae closer to posterior than to anterior one; lower calypter a little infuscated in male; male abdomen with syntergite 1+2 with yellow lateral areas. Notes. The species is known only from the holotype male and paratype female.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EC4C72F468FF8756F2FB9D2177FA85	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Couri, Márcia;Pont, Adrian	Couri, Márcia, Pont, Adrian (2017): Afrotropical Limnophora Robineau-Desvoidy (Diptera, Muscidae) with the description of four new species. Zootaxa 4216 (6): 501-536, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.242395
03EC4C72F468FF8756F2FA5A21A6F8F3.text	03EC4C72F468FF8756F2FA5A21A6F8F3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Limnophora capensis Paterson 1955	<div><p>Limnophora capensis Paterson, 1955: 142 .</p><p>Holotype male in NMSA. Paratype male seen in BMNH; in good condition.</p><p>Diagnosis. Presutural spots separated posteriorly or wholly fused, sometimes narrowly connected within the presutural band on a median line, but not extending on to postpronotal callosity (which differentiates this species from L. flavibasis Stein, 1906); postsutural dorsocentrals 4; mid femur with 2 posterior preapical setae; mid tibia with 2 posterior setae; costal spine not distinct; first abdominal segments yellow; sternite 5 with a dense patch of thick spines.</p><p>Notes. L. capensis, together with L. terrestris Paterson, 1955, keys out to L. translucida Stein, 1913, at couplet 25 of Emden’s (1951) key. Paterson (1955) gave a key to separate these three species. L. terrestris is herein proposed as a junior synonym of L. translucida (syn. nov.) (see note under L. translucida).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EC4C72F468FF8756F2FA5A21A6F8F3	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Couri, Márcia;Pont, Adrian	Couri, Márcia, Pont, Adrian (2017): Afrotropical Limnophora Robineau-Desvoidy (Diptera, Muscidae) with the description of four new species. Zootaxa 4216 (6): 501-536, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.242395
03EC4C72F468FF8B56F2F8922494FD52.text	03EC4C72F468FF8B56F2F8922494FD52.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Limnophora conversa Stein 1918	<div><p>Limnophora conversa Stein, 1918: 196 .</p><p>Described from a series from Madagascar; syntypes 12♂ 1♀ in NMW and 1♂ in ZMHU (Pont and Werner 2006: 36; Pont 2013: 65).</p><p>Diagnosis. Postsutural dorsocentrals 3; scutum black, silver only on notopleural and postpronotal areas; fore tibia with one median posterior seta; male hind femur, before apex, with 4–5 posteroventral setae in a close-set group, preceeded by fine posteroventral hairs.</p><p>Notes. The species was included in a key to Madagascan Limnophora by Couri et al. (2006: 850) but we have seen no new material since the description by Stein (1918).</p><p>Limnophora curvimedia Zielke, 1974: 37 .</p><p>Holotype female in CAS.</p><p>Diagnosis. Postsutural dorsocentrals 3; scutum with four dark brown vittae; mid femur with one posterior preapical seta; haltere pale yellow.</p><p>Notes. This runs to L. quadristriata Emden, 1951, at couplet 7 in Emden’s (1951) key, but differs by the strongly curved M vein.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EC4C72F468FF8B56F2F8922494FD52	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Couri, Márcia;Pont, Adrian	Couri, Márcia, Pont, Adrian (2017): Afrotropical Limnophora Robineau-Desvoidy (Diptera, Muscidae) with the description of four new species. Zootaxa 4216 (6): 501-536, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.242395
03EC4C72F464FF8B56F2FD3521D0FC6D.text	03EC4C72F464FF8B56F2FD3521D0FC6D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Limnophora dichoptica (Emden 1951) Emden 1951	<div><p>Limnophora dichoptica (Emden, 1951: 451) .</p><p>Holotype male seen; in good condition.</p><p>Diagnosis. Legs brown; two pairs of reclinate orbital setae; palpus filiform; postsutural dorsocentrals 3; mid femur with 2 posterior preapical setae; mid tibia with 1 posterior seta; lower katepisternal closer to posterior one than to anterior one.</p><p>Notes. Originally described in Spilogona Schnabl, 1911 . Known only from the male holotype.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EC4C72F464FF8B56F2FD3521D0FC6D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Couri, Márcia;Pont, Adrian	Couri, Márcia, Pont, Adrian (2017): Afrotropical Limnophora Robineau-Desvoidy (Diptera, Muscidae) with the description of four new species. Zootaxa 4216 (6): 501-536, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.242395
03EC4C72F464FF8B56F2FC002748FA8C.text	03EC4C72F464FF8B56F2FC002748FA8C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Limnophora diminuta Couri & Pont 2014	<div><p>Limnophora diminuta Couri &amp; Pont, 2014: 313 .</p><p>Holotype male in BMSA.</p><p>Diagnosis. 2 pairs of reclinate orbital setae; fronto-orbital plate dark brown; frontal triangle short; postpronotal lobe and notopleuron light grey; haltere dark brown; legs dark brown; postsutural dorsocentrals 3; mid femur with 3 fine anterior setae on median third and 1 posterior preapical; acrostichal setulae in 3–4 irregular rows; costal spine not developed.</p><p>Notes. This runs in Emden’s (1951) key to couplet 3 and can be differentiated from L. pluripila by the dark dust on postpronotal lobe, notopleuron and anepisternum in that species. Male terminalia illustrated by Couri &amp; Pont (2014: Figs 32–36). Female unknown.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EC4C72F464FF8B56F2FC002748FA8C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Couri, Márcia;Pont, Adrian	Couri, Márcia, Pont, Adrian (2017): Afrotropical Limnophora Robineau-Desvoidy (Diptera, Muscidae) with the description of four new species. Zootaxa 4216 (6): 501-536, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.242395
03EC4C72F464FF8B56F2FA5E266CF8F7.text	03EC4C72F464FF8B56F2FA5E266CF8F7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Limnophora distans Stein 1913	<div><p>Limnophora distans Stein, 1913: 519</p><p>Syntype series lost.</p><p>Diagnosis. Characters taken from Stein’s (1910: 156–157) key are as follows: frons in male over twice as wide as width of postpedicel; female fronto-orbital plates chocolate-brown in upper half; presutural area of scutum with a pair of distinct dark spots in male, these smaller and separated by a rather broad vitta in female, postsutural area with a complete dark transverse band; postsutural dorsocentrals 4; hind femur with 4–5 (male) or 2 (female) anteroventral setae before apex; hind tibia with 1 anteroventral seta.</p><p>Notes. This was a name proposed by Stein for Limnophora osten-sackenii sensu Stein (1910: 156). It was proposed in a key and was never mentioned again by Stein. No locality was given. No specimens bearing this name have been located in CUM, BMNH or ZMHU (Pont 2013: 69).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EC4C72F464FF8B56F2FA5E266CF8F7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Couri, Márcia;Pont, Adrian	Couri, Márcia, Pont, Adrian (2017): Afrotropical Limnophora Robineau-Desvoidy (Diptera, Muscidae) with the description of four new species. Zootaxa 4216 (6): 501-536, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.242395
03EC4C72F464FF8A56F2F8992780FDEB.text	03EC4C72F464FF8A56F2F8992780FDEB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Limnophora elgonica Emden 1951	<div><p>Limnophora elgonica Emden, 1951: 412 .</p><p>Male holotypes of the subspecies L. e. elgonica and L. e. aethiopica Emden, 1959, seen; L. e. elgonica with head glued to the body; L. e. aethiopica Emden, 1959 with head missing.</p><p>Diagnosis. Body length 3.5–5.0 mm; general colour brown with grey pollinosity; scutum with an “ Anthomyia - pattern”: the two presutural brown spots fused anteriorly and separated posteriorly, the postsutural band large, continuing as far as scutellum as a median line (usually interrupted in female); scutellum with a large transverse brown band, grey pollinose only at apical fourth (Fig. 24 in Emden 1951: 413); notopleuron and pleura grey pollinose; anepisternum brown on apical third; frons and fronto-orbital plate brown; face and parafacial silver pollinose; antenna, arista and palpus brown; haltere pale yellow; legs brown; male holoptic; frontal triangle short; arista plumose; postsutural dorsocentrals 3, all long; scutellum with long basal and apical pairs of setae and with numerous setulae on disc; lower katepisternal seta inserted closer to the long posterior one; lower calypter about twice the length of the upper one; costal spine absent; fore tibia without a submedian seta; mid femur with 2 preapical setae, one posterior and one posterodorsal; mid tibia with 2 posterior setae; sternite 1 bare.</p><p>Notes. Male terminalia of both subspecies are figured in Emden (1951: 414: Figs. 25 and 26, the latter actually of L. e. aethiopica) (see Emden 1959: 190–191).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EC4C72F464FF8A56F2F8992780FDEB	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Couri, Márcia;Pont, Adrian	Couri, Márcia, Pont, Adrian (2017): Afrotropical Limnophora Robineau-Desvoidy (Diptera, Muscidae) with the description of four new species. Zootaxa 4216 (6): 501-536, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.242395
03EC4C72F465FF8A56F2FD702793FBD8.text	03EC4C72F465FF8A56F2FD702793FBD8.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Limnophora ephippium Emden 1951	<div><p>Limnophora ephippium Emden, 1951: 391 .</p><p>Holotype female seen; scutum close to the pin and wings damaged.</p><p>Diagnosis. Small species (3.7 mm); general colour brown, postpronotum and notopleuron grey pollinose; all pleura with grey pollinosity; scutum shining brown; scutellum grey pollinose on disc; frons brown; face and parafacial grey pollinose; antenna, arista and palpus brown; haltere yellow; legs brown; 2 pairs of orbital setae, directed backwards and outwards; frontal triangle short; arista with short hairs; acrostichal setulae in 4 rows; postsutural dorsocentrals 3; scutellum with long basal and apical pairs of setae; lower katepisternal absent; lower calypter about twice the length of the upper one; fore tibia without a submedian seta; mid femur with 1 posterior preapical setae; mid tibia with 2 posterior setae; sternite 1 bare.</p><p>Notes. Known only from female holotype.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EC4C72F465FF8A56F2FD702793FBD8	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Couri, Márcia;Pont, Adrian	Couri, Márcia, Pont, Adrian (2017): Afrotropical Limnophora Robineau-Desvoidy (Diptera, Muscidae) with the description of four new species. Zootaxa 4216 (6): 501-536, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.242395
03EC4C72F465FF8A56F2FB9D24FFF9D1.text	03EC4C72F465FF8A56F2FB9D24FFF9D1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Limnophora excisa Emden 1951	<div><p>Limnophora excisa Emden, 1951: 409 .</p><p>Holotype female seen; right fore leg missing, thorax and abdomen damaged.</p><p>Diagnosis. Body length 3.6–5.0 mm; general colour brown with grey pollinosity; scutum with an “ Anthomyia - pattern”, with two large brown patches presuturally and postsuturally; scutellum with a transverse brown band near suture; postpronotum and notopleuron grey pollinose; frons brown; ocellar triangle grey pollinose; face and parafacial grey pollinose; antenna, arista and palpus brown; haltere yellow; legs brown; parafacial wide; frontal triangle short; arista plumose; postsutural dorsocentrals 3, all long; scutellum with long basal and apical pairs of setae and with numerous setulae on disc; lower katepisternal seta inserted closer to the long posterior one; lower calypter about twice the length of the upper one; costal spine absent; fore tibia without a submedian seta; mid femur with 2 preapical setae, one posterior and one posterodorsal; mid tibia with 2 posterior setae; sternite 1 bare.</p><p>Notes. Male unknown.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EC4C72F465FF8A56F2FB9D24FFF9D1	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Couri, Márcia;Pont, Adrian	Couri, Márcia, Pont, Adrian (2017): Afrotropical Limnophora Robineau-Desvoidy (Diptera, Muscidae) with the description of four new species. Zootaxa 4216 (6): 501-536, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.242395
03EC4C72F465FF8956F2F9B12797FECA.text	03EC4C72F465FF8956F2F9B12797FECA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Limnophora exigua Wiedemann 1830	<div><p>Limnophora exigua Wiedemann, 1830: 658 .</p><p>(Figs 21–24)</p><p>Lectotype female in ZMUC (designated by Pont 1997: 95). Holotype female of Limnophora macrophthalma Emden (1951: 400) (junior synonym of L. exigua) seen; in good condition.</p><p>Diagnosis. Small species (2.5–3.3 mm); general colour brown; postpronotum and notopleuron grey pollinose, scutum with “ Anthomyia -pattern”, grey pollinose presuturally, close to suture and above scutellum; scutellum entirely brown; frons brown; face and parafacial silver pollinose; antenna, arista and palpus brown; haltere yellow; legs brown; male dichoptic; 2 pairs of orbital setae directed backwards and outwards, the upper one longer; frontal triangle long, reaching lunule; arista with short hairs; postsutural dorsocentrals 4, the first 2 short; scutellum with long basal and apical pairs of setae and with numerous setulae on disc; lower katepisternal weak, inserted closer to the long posterior one; lower calypter about twice the length of the upper one; fore tibia without a submedian seta; mid femur with 2 preapical setae, one posterior and one posterodorsal; mid tibia with 2 posterior setae; sternite 1 bare; sternite 5 (Fig. 21).</p><p>Terminalia. Cercal plate and surstylus as in Figs 22–23. Aedeagal complex as in Fig. 24. Notes. One male dissected and illustrated.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EC4C72F465FF8956F2F9B12797FECA	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Couri, Márcia;Pont, Adrian	Couri, Márcia, Pont, Adrian (2017): Afrotropical Limnophora Robineau-Desvoidy (Diptera, Muscidae) with the description of four new species. Zootaxa 4216 (6): 501-536, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.242395
03EC4C72F466FF8956F2FE90214BFD55.text	03EC4C72F466FF8956F2FE90214BFD55.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Limnophora fasciolata Stein 1910	<div><p>Limnophora fasciolata Stein, 1910: 155 .</p><p>Lectotype male seen in BMNH (designated by Pont and Werner 2006: 46; see also Pont 2013: 72).</p><p>Diagnosis. Male with a relatively broad frons, at narrowest point twice as wide as width of postpedical; arista long-pubescent, the combined upper and lower hairs only slightly shorter than width of postpedicel; scutum with an “ Anthomyia -pattern”; presutural acrostichal setulae in 4 rows; dorsocentrals 2+3; lower katepisternal very short, much closer to posterior than to anterior seta; fore tibia without a posterior seta; mid femur with 2 posterior preapical setae; mid tibia with 2 posterior setae; hind femur with 1–2 anteroventral setae.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EC4C72F466FF8956F2FE90214BFD55	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Couri, Márcia;Pont, Adrian	Couri, Márcia, Pont, Adrian (2017): Afrotropical Limnophora Robineau-Desvoidy (Diptera, Muscidae) with the description of four new species. Zootaxa 4216 (6): 501-536, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.242395
03EC4C72F466FF8956F2FD2920ACFA4C.text	03EC4C72F466FF8956F2FD2920ACFA4C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Limnophora fenellae Peris 1963	<div><p>Limnophora fenellae Peris, 1963: 107 .</p><p>Holotype male in CSIC (not seen).</p><p>Diagnosis. Postsutural intraalars 2; fore tibia without submedian seta; mid femur with 2 preapical setae, posterior and posterodorsal; mid tibia with one posterior seta; katepisternals almost equidistant from each other; costal spine indistinct, spinules short; hind femur with only 1 strong preapical anteroventral seta. Male sternite 5 and cercal plate as in Peris (1963, Fig. 4).</p><p>Notes. This runs to couplet 72 in Emden’s (1951) key and differs from L. longiseta Emden and L. aculeipes by the single anteroventral seta on hind femur, anterior postsutural intraalar indistinct, among other characters. Peris (1963) incorporates L. fenellae into Emden’s key as follows:</p><p>72(65) Costal spine indistinct, spinules short.</p><p>a(b) Hind femur with only 1 strong preapical anteroventral seta. Anterior postsutural intraalar indistinct, only the 2 posterior ones distinct. Scutum in posterior view dark brown pruinose, without pale longitudinal stripes except in the males which are broadly grey in front of scutellum and between the line of the dorsocentrals except on a median line. Postpronotal lobe and notopleuron also light grey. Length of aristal hairs equal to its basal diameter. Fore tibia without submedian setae. Hind tibia with 1 anterodorsal and 1 anteroventral, equal to tibial depth. Calypters yellowish-white............................. fenellae Peris</p><p>b(a) Hind femur on anteroventral surface, in addition to the seta in apical half, with a strong seta proximad of this half and with some erect setae (male) or hair-like setae (female) between base of femur and the submedian seta, the hair-like setae of the female longer and more erect than the normal setulae; the preapical anteroventral not, or only just, longer than the submedian seta, some or all of the intermediate setae weaker. Scutum with more or less distinct longitudinal vittae......................................................................................... longiseta Emden and aculeipes Stein</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EC4C72F466FF8956F2FD2920ACFA4C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Couri, Márcia;Pont, Adrian	Couri, Márcia, Pont, Adrian (2017): Afrotropical Limnophora Robineau-Desvoidy (Diptera, Muscidae) with the description of four new species. Zootaxa 4216 (6): 501-536, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.242395
03EC4C72F466FF8956F2FA132469F928.text	03EC4C72F466FF8956F2FA132469F928.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Limnophora flavibasis Stein 1906	<div><p>Limnophora flavibasis Stein, 1906: 63 .</p><p>Holotype male in ZMHU (Pont and Werner 2006: 46; Pont 2013: 73); one male from Zimbabwe in BMNH .</p><p>Diagnosis. Presutural spots fused and extended anteriorly on to postpronotum to beyond the inner anterior seta; postsutural dorsocentrals 4; mid femur with 2 preapical setae; mid tibia with 2 posterior setae; costal spine not distinct; first abdominal segments yellow.</p><p>Notes. The extension of the presutural spot on to the postpronotal lobe easily differentiates this species from L. translucida Stein.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EC4C72F466FF8956F2FA132469F928	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Couri, Márcia;Pont, Adrian	Couri, Márcia, Pont, Adrian (2017): Afrotropical Limnophora Robineau-Desvoidy (Diptera, Muscidae) with the description of four new species. Zootaxa 4216 (6): 501-536, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.242395
03EC4C72F466FF8956F2F8B82005F81C.text	03EC4C72F466FF8956F2F8B82005F81C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Limnophora flavitarsis Stein in Becker 1908	<div><p>Limnophora flavitarsis Stein in Becker, 1908: 99 .</p><p>This western Mediterranean species (Canary Islands and Corsica) was recorded by Stein (1913: 515) from the Transvaal, South Africa, but this record has not been repeated and the identification seems very doubtful.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EC4C72F466FF8956F2F8B82005F81C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Couri, Márcia;Pont, Adrian	Couri, Márcia, Pont, Adrian (2017): Afrotropical Limnophora Robineau-Desvoidy (Diptera, Muscidae) with the description of four new species. Zootaxa 4216 (6): 501-536, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.242395
03EC4C72F467FF8856F2FF68278FFDC0.text	03EC4C72F467FF8856F2FF68278FFDC0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Limnophora fuscohalterata Emden 1951	<div><p>Limnophora fuscohalterata Emden, 1951: 392 .</p><p>Holotype male seen; in good condition.</p><p>Diagnosis. Small species (2.6 mm); general colour brown, scutum and scutellum uniformly brown; pleura and latero-ventral part of abdomen with grey pollinosity; frons, fronto-orbital plate, face and parafacial brown; antenna, arista and palpus brown; haltere brown; legs brown; 1 pair of orbital setae, directed backwards and outwards; frontal triangle short; arista with short hairs; acrostichals in 2–3 rows; postsutural dorsocentrals 3; scutellum with long basal and apical pairs of setae; lower katepisternal short and inserted closer to the long posterior one; lower calypter about twice the length of the upper one; both calypters with margin and fringe brown; fore tibia without a submedian seta; mid femur with 1 preapical posterior seta; mid tibia with 2 posterior setae; sternite 1 bare.</p><p>Notes. Known only from the male holotype.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EC4C72F467FF8856F2FF68278FFDC0	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Couri, Márcia;Pont, Adrian	Couri, Márcia, Pont, Adrian (2017): Afrotropical Limnophora Robineau-Desvoidy (Diptera, Muscidae) with the description of four new species. Zootaxa 4216 (6): 501-536, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.242395
03EC4C72F467FF8856F2FD9527CBFBDA.text	03EC4C72F467FF8856F2FD9527CBFBDA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Limnophora gilvifrons (Emden 1951) Emden 1951	<div><p>Limnophora gilvifrons (Emden, 1951: 448) .</p><p>(Figs 25–28)</p><p>Holotype male seen; greasy and the colour pattern completely obscured, mid legs missing, posterior margin of both wings damaged.</p><p>Diagnosis. General colour pale grey dusted; ocellar triangle embossed with apex truncate (Fig. 34 in Emden 1951: 448) and reaching lunule; postsutural dorscentrals 3; mid femur with two preapical setae; mid tibia with 2 posterior setae; sternite 5 (Fig. 25)</p><p>Terminalia. Cercal plate and surstylus as in Figs 26–27. Aedeagal complex as in Fig. 28.</p><p>Notes. Described originally in Spilogona . One paratype female is in better condition than the holotype, and is pale grey dusted as in the description. Easily recognized by the very characteristic ocellar triangle. A series of males and females from South Africa is in the BMNH .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EC4C72F467FF8856F2FD9527CBFBDA	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Couri, Márcia;Pont, Adrian	Couri, Márcia, Pont, Adrian (2017): Afrotropical Limnophora Robineau-Desvoidy (Diptera, Muscidae) with the description of four new species. Zootaxa 4216 (6): 501-536, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.242395
03EC4C72F467FF8856F2FB9E2415FA6B.text	03EC4C72F467FF8856F2FB9E2415FA6B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Limnophora helenae Pont 1977	<div><p>Limnophora helenae Pont, 1977: 132 .</p><p>Holotype male in MRAC. A series of paratypes seen.</p><p>Diagnosis. Arista almost bare; prosternum without setulae; mid femur with 2 preapical setae; mid tibia with one posterior seta and without an anterodorsal seta; lower katepisternal seta more or less equidistant from the other two; costal spine present and strong.</p><p>Notes. Described from St. Helena Island. Terminalia of male and female illustrated in the original description (Pont 1977: Figs 113–117). It runs in Emden’s (1951) key to couplet 66 and can be differentiated from L. parallelifrons Emden by the characteristic colour pattern of the scutum and the presence of the anterior postsutural intralar seta.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EC4C72F467FF8856F2FB9E2415FA6B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Couri, Márcia;Pont, Adrian	Couri, Márcia, Pont, Adrian (2017): Afrotropical Limnophora Robineau-Desvoidy (Diptera, Muscidae) with the description of four new species. Zootaxa 4216 (6): 501-536, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.242395
03EC4C72F467FF8856F2F9F0241FF800.text	03EC4C72F467FF8856F2F9F0241FF800.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Limnophora kinangopana Emden 1951	<div><p>Limnophora kinangopana Emden, 1951: 434, stat. nov.</p><p>(Figs 29–32)</p><p>Holotype male seen; in good condition.</p><p>Diagnosis. Postsutural dorsocentrals 3; anterior postsutural intralar absent; fore tibia with a posterior median seta; mid femur with 2 preapical setae; mid tibia with 1 posterior seta and without anterodorsal seta; hind tibia with or without a posterodorsal seta; lower katepisternal seta more or less equidistant from the other two; costal spine indistinct, wing with costal margin infuscated; costal spine distinct; sternite 5 as in Fig. 29.</p><p>Terminalia. Cercal plate and surstylus as in Figs 30–31. Aedeagal complex as in Fig. 32.</p><p>Notes. This was originally described as a subspecies of Limnophora majuscula Emden, 1951, with a few morphological differences pointed out in the original description. One male paratype was dissected and the morphology of the terminalia is quite different from that of L. majuscula . The subspecies is herewith elevated to species rank.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EC4C72F467FF8856F2F9F0241FF800	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Couri, Márcia;Pont, Adrian	Couri, Márcia, Pont, Adrian (2017): Afrotropical Limnophora Robineau-Desvoidy (Diptera, Muscidae) with the description of four new species. Zootaxa 4216 (6): 501-536, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.242395
03EC4C72F461FF8E56F2FF6827FEFE24.text	03EC4C72F461FF8E56F2FF6827FEFE24.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Limnophora kuhlowi Zielke 1974	<div><p>Limnophora kuhlowi Zielke, 1974: 39</p><p>Holotype female in CAS.</p><p>Diagnosis. Fronto-orbital plate brown pruinose; arista with the hairs as long as width of postpedicel; postsutural dorsocentrals 3; lower katepisternal absent; mid femur with 2 posterior preapical setae; mid tibia with 1 posterior seta; hind femur with 1 anteroventral seta.</p><p>Notes. This runs to couplet 13 and to L. leptopus Emden, 1951 (now a synonym of L. stragula (Séguy, 1950)) in Emden’s (1951) key, and differs by the scutal pattern: presutural area dark in front of the second presutural dorsocentral seta, grey along suture; postsutural area with a dark anterior band reaching as far back as third dorsocentral; scutellum dark, narrowly grey at tip.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EC4C72F461FF8E56F2FF6827FEFE24	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Couri, Márcia;Pont, Adrian	Couri, Márcia, Pont, Adrian (2017): Afrotropical Limnophora Robineau-Desvoidy (Diptera, Muscidae) with the description of four new species. Zootaxa 4216 (6): 501-536, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.242395
03EC4C72F461FF8E56F2FDB92074FBD9.text	03EC4C72F461FF8E56F2FDB92074FBD9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Limnophora latilamellata Malloch 1921	<div><p>Limnophora latilamellata Malloch, 1921: 165, stat. rev.</p><p>(Figs 33–36)</p><p>Holotype male seen in BMNH; in good condition.</p><p>Diagnosis. Postsutural dorsocentrals 3; anterior postsutural intralar present; fore tibia with a median posterior seta; mid femur with 2 preapical setae; mid tibia with 1 posterior seta and without anterodorsal seta; hind tibia without a posterodorsal seta; lower katepisternal seta more or less equidistant from the other two; costal spine indistinct; sternite 5 as in Fig. 33.</p><p>Terminalia. Cercal plate and surstylus as in Figs 34–35. Aedeagal complex as in Fig. 36.</p><p>Notes. Until now (Pont 1980), this has been considered to be one of the three subspecies of L. aculeipes (see the note above under L. aculeipes). One male of L. a. latilamellata and one male paratype of L. a. eurymetopa were dissected and their genital morphology is identical, but different from that of L. a. aculeipes . The subspecies L. a. latilamellata is herewith reinstated as a full species with L. a. eurymetopa as a junior synonym (syn. nov.).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EC4C72F461FF8E56F2FDB92074FBD9	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Couri, Márcia;Pont, Adrian	Couri, Márcia, Pont, Adrian (2017): Afrotropical Limnophora Robineau-Desvoidy (Diptera, Muscidae) with the description of four new species. Zootaxa 4216 (6): 501-536, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.242395
03EC4C72F461FF8E56F2FB9E21CAFA40.text	03EC4C72F461FF8E56F2FB9E21CAFA40.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Limnophora lindneri Paterson 1956	<div><p>Limnophora lindneri Paterson, 1956: 171 .</p><p>Holotype male in SMNS (not seen); one male from Kenya (Mt Kilimanjaro) in BMNH .</p><p>Diagnosis. General colour dark brown; scutum with postpronotum, notopleuron and area around the second presutural dorsocentral seta grey pollinose; mid femur with 2 posterior preapical setae; mid tibia with 1 posterior seta and without an anterodorsal seta; lower katepisternal setae equidistant from the other two; costal spine absent.</p><p>Notes. This runs to couplet 72 of Emden’s (1951) key. It differs from the species in this section and from L. fenellae Peris by the hind femur having only two preapical anteroventrals, one weak but distinct intraalar, longest aristal hairs shorter than basal diameter of arista, calypters white, and fore tibia with a posterior seta.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EC4C72F461FF8E56F2FB9E21CAFA40	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Couri, Márcia;Pont, Adrian	Couri, Márcia, Pont, Adrian (2017): Afrotropical Limnophora Robineau-Desvoidy (Diptera, Muscidae) with the description of four new species. Zootaxa 4216 (6): 501-536, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.242395
03EC4C72F461FF8E56F2FA132667F90C.text	03EC4C72F461FF8E56F2FA132667F90C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Limnophora lispoides (Emden 1951) Emden 1951	<div><p>Limnophora lispoides (Emden, 1951: 449) .</p><p>Holotype female seen; in good condition.</p><p>Diagnosis. Scutum dark brown, postpronotum and notopleuron bluish-grey dusted; legs bluish-grey dusted; one pair of orbital setae, curved outwards and reclinate; postsutural dorsocentrals 3; mid femur with 1 posterior preapical seta; mid tibia with 1 posterior seta.</p><p>Notes. Originally described in Spilogona . Male unknown.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EC4C72F461FF8E56F2FA132667F90C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Couri, Márcia;Pont, Adrian	Couri, Márcia, Pont, Adrian (2017): Afrotropical Limnophora Robineau-Desvoidy (Diptera, Muscidae) with the description of four new species. Zootaxa 4216 (6): 501-536, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.242395
03EC4C72F461FF8D56F2F8D12630FECA.text	03EC4C72F461FF8D56F2F8D12630FECA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Limnophora longiseta Emden 1951	<div><p>Limnophora longiseta Emden, 1951: 435 .</p><p>(Figs 37–40)</p><p>Holotype male seen; in good condition.</p><p>Diagnosis. Postsutural dorsocentrals 3; anterior postsutural intraalar absent; mid femur with 2 preapical setae; mid tibia with 1 posterior seta and without an anterodorsal; lower katepisternal seta more or less equidistant from the other 2; costal spine not distinct; sternite 5 as in Fig. 37.</p><p>Terminalia. Cercal plate and surstylus as in Figs 38–39. Aedeagal complex as in Fig. 40. Notes. One paratype male dissected and illustrated.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EC4C72F461FF8D56F2F8D12630FECA	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Couri, Márcia;Pont, Adrian	Couri, Márcia, Pont, Adrian (2017): Afrotropical Limnophora Robineau-Desvoidy (Diptera, Muscidae) with the description of four new species. Zootaxa 4216 (6): 501-536, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.242395
03EC4C72F462FF8D56F2FE902438FCC4.text	03EC4C72F462FF8D56F2FE902438FCC4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Limnophora majuscula Emden 1951	<div><p>Limnophora majuscula Emden, 1951: 432 .</p><p>(Figs 2, 41–44)</p><p>Holotype male seen; in good condition.</p><p>Diagnosis. (Fig.2). Postsutural dorsocentrals 3; anterior postsutural intraalar present; fore tibia with a submedian posterior seta; mid femur with 2 preapical setae; mid tibia with 1 posterior seta and without anterodorsal; hind tibia with or without a posterodorsal seta; lower katepisternal seta more or less equidistant from the other two; costal spine distinct, wing with costal margin infuscated; sternite 5 as in Fig. 41.</p><p>Terminalia. Cercal plate and surstylus as in Figs 42–43. Aedeagal complex as in Fig. 44.</p><p>Notes. Originally described with two subspecies, L. m. majuscula and L. m. kinangopana, the latter being herewith elevated to species rank (see comment under L. kinangopana). One male paratype was dissected and illustrated.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EC4C72F462FF8D56F2FE902438FCC4	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Couri, Márcia;Pont, Adrian	Couri, Márcia, Pont, Adrian (2017): Afrotropical Limnophora Robineau-Desvoidy (Diptera, Muscidae) with the description of four new species. Zootaxa 4216 (6): 501-536, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.242395
03EC4C72F462FF8D56F2FC99207CFAF9.text	03EC4C72F462FF8D56F2FC99207CFAF9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Limnophora mallochiana Emden 1951	<div><p>Limnophora mallochiana Emden, 1951:418 .</p><p>Holotype male seen; mid left leg glued to the celluloid mount pinned with the specimen, abdomen damaged and removed after tergite 4.</p><p>Diagnosis. Body length 4.5–5.0 mm; general colour brown; scutum with grey pollinose areas at the insertions of posterior presutural dorsocentral, posterior postsutural dorsocentral and apical scutellar setae; postpronotum and notopleuron grey pollinose; frons brown; face and parafacial silver pollinose; antenna, arista and palpus brown; haltere yellow; legs brown; male holoptic; frontal triangle short; arista plumose; postsutural dorsocentrals 3, all long; scutellum with long basal and apical pairs of setae and with numerous setulae on disc; lower katepisternal inserted closer to the long posterior one; lower calypter about twice the length of the upper one; wing a little infuscated, costal spine absent; fore tibia without a submedian seta; mid femur with 2 preapical setae, one posterior and one posterodorsal; mid tibia with 2 posterior setae; sternite 1 bare.</p><p>Notes. Male terminalia dissected and illustrated in the original description (Emden 1951: 419, Fig. 29).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EC4C72F462FF8D56F2FC99207CFAF9	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Couri, Márcia;Pont, Adrian	Couri, Márcia, Pont, Adrian (2017): Afrotropical Limnophora Robineau-Desvoidy (Diptera, Muscidae) with the description of four new species. Zootaxa 4216 (6): 501-536, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.242395
03EC4C72F462FF8D56F2FA7E2025F96F.text	03EC4C72F462FF8D56F2FA7E2025F96F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Limnophora marriotti Zielke 1971	<div><p>Limnophora marriotti Zielke, 1971a: 290 .</p><p>Holotype male in NMSA (not seen)</p><p>Diagnosis. Arista with short hairs; postsutural dorsocentrals 3; fore tibia without a posterior median seta; mid femur with 2 preapical setae; mid tibia with 2 posterior setae; hind tibia with with one median anterodorsal and 1 smaller anteroventral beyond it; lower katepisternal seta closer to the posterior than to the anterior one. Cercal plate and surstylus as in Zielke (1971a: Fig. 1).</p><p>Notes. This runs to couplet 28(43) in Emden’s (1951) key, but differs by the combination of 3 postsutural dorsocentrals, mid tibia without anterodorsal seta, and aristal hairs not as long as width of postpedicel.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EC4C72F462FF8D56F2FA7E2025F96F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Couri, Márcia;Pont, Adrian	Couri, Márcia, Pont, Adrian (2017): Afrotropical Limnophora Robineau-Desvoidy (Diptera, Muscidae) with the description of four new species. Zootaxa 4216 (6): 501-536, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.242395
03EC4C72F462FF8C56F2F8F326ECFDCF.text	03EC4C72F462FF8C56F2F8F326ECFDCF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Limnophora melanota Emden 1951	<div><p>Limnophora melanota Emden, 1951: 420 .</p><p>(Figs 45–48)</p><p>Holotype males of the three subspecies seen; in good condition; mid left leg missing in L. m. melanota .</p><p>Diagnosis. Body length of male 4.5–6.2 mm; male holoptic; general colour dark brown, postpronotum, notopleuron, a round area before scutellar suture (sometimes brown in female) and apex of scutellum grey pollinose; frons, fronto-orbital plate, face, parafacial and gena dark brown; antenna, arista and palpus dark brown; haltere yellow; legs brown to light brown; frontal triangle short; arista with short hairs; acrostichal setulae in 4–5 irregular rows; postsutural dorsocentrals 3; scutellum with long basal and apical pairs of setae; lower katepisternal inserted closer to the long posterior one; lower calypter about twice the length of the upper one; fore tibia without a submedian seta; mid femur with 2 posterior preapical setae; mid tibia with 1 posterior seta; sternite 1 bare; abdomen with many long and fine hairs; sternite 5 as in Fig. 45.</p><p>Terminalia. Cercal plate and surstylus as in Figs 46–47. Aedeagal complex as in Fig. 48.</p><p>Notes. The three subspecies (L. m. melanota, L. m. abyssinica Emden, 1951 and L. m. fuscibasis Emden, 1951) are morphologically very similar and differ only in a few chromatic characters. One male paratype of L. m. melanota has been dissected and is illustrated. Only the holotype males of the two other subspecies (L. m. abyssinica and L. m. fuscibasis) were available and could not be dissected.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EC4C72F462FF8C56F2F8F326ECFDCF	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Couri, Márcia;Pont, Adrian	Couri, Márcia, Pont, Adrian (2017): Afrotropical Limnophora Robineau-Desvoidy (Diptera, Muscidae) with the description of four new species. Zootaxa 4216 (6): 501-536, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.242395
03EC4C72F463FF8C56F2FD9320ACFB8A.text	03EC4C72F463FF8C56F2FD9320ACFB8A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Limnophora mesovittata Couri, Pont & Penny 2006	<div><p>Limnophora mesovittata Couri, Pont &amp; Penny, 2006: 852 .</p><p>Holotype female in CAS.</p><p>Diagnosis. Postsutural dorsocentrals 3; postsutural transverse band extending medially as a brown vitta reaching scutellum; mid femur with one median anterior seta and 2 posterior preapicals; mid tibia with two posterior setae on middle third.</p><p>Notes. Known only from the holotype female. Ovipositor and spermatheca illustrated by Couri et al. (2006: Fig. 98). The species runs to couplet 38 and to L. perfidodes of Emden’s key. Couri et al. (2006) gave the following key to separate the two species:</p><p>1. Arista with short hairs, shorter than the width of postpedicel; calypter yellow; cell r5 at wing tip more than twice as wide as length of cross-vein r-m; pale dust on abdomen between and outside the black brown spots, the spots therefore indistinct.............................................................................................. L. mesovittata</p><p>- Arista with the longest hairs equal to the width of postpedicel; calypter creamy; cell r5 at wing tip about twice as wide as length of cross-vein r-m; pale dust on abdomen grey, the black spots very distinct and well defined........... L. perfidodes</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EC4C72F463FF8C56F2FD9320ACFB8A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Couri, Márcia;Pont, Adrian	Couri, Márcia, Pont, Adrian (2017): Afrotropical Limnophora Robineau-Desvoidy (Diptera, Muscidae) with the description of four new species. Zootaxa 4216 (6): 501-536, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.242395
03EC4C72F463FF8C56F2FB522053FA17.text	03EC4C72F463FF8C56F2FB522053FA17.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Limnophora natalensis Zielke 1971	<div><p>Limnophora natalensis Zielke, 1971a: 293 .</p><p>Holotype female in NMSA (not seen).</p><p>Diagnosis. Scutum uniformly brown; dorsocentrals 1+3; fore tibia without a posterior seta; mid femur with 1 preapical seta; mid tibia with 1 posterior seta; lower katepisternal seta closer to the posterior one than to the anterior one; haltere yellow.</p><p>Notes. This runs to L. quadristriata Emden, 1951 at couplet 7 of Emden’s (1951) key, and differs from this and L. separanda Zielke, 1970 (which Zielke does not mention) by having only 1 pair of presutural dorsocentrals.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EC4C72F463FF8C56F2FB522053FA17	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Couri, Márcia;Pont, Adrian	Couri, Márcia, Pont, Adrian (2017): Afrotropical Limnophora Robineau-Desvoidy (Diptera, Muscidae) with the description of four new species. Zootaxa 4216 (6): 501-536, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.242395
03EC4C72F463FF9256F2F9EB2766FA3E.text	03EC4C72F463FF9256F2F9EB2766FA3E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Limnophora nuda	<div><p>Limnophora nuda sp. nov.</p><p>(Figs 49–52)</p><p>Type material. Holotype male, REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRICA: KwaZulu Natal: Drakensberg Mts, 16.xi.2006, A.C. Pont &amp; D. Werner / Giant’s Castle Reserve, Champagne Pools, 4942 ft, S29.13.290, E029.32.838 (BMNH).</p><p>Paratypes, 1 female, same labels as holotype (BMNH); 4 males (2 NMSA, 1 BMNH, 1 MNRJ), KwaZulu Natal: Drakensberg Mts, 14.xi.2006, A.C. Pont &amp; D. Werner / Giant’s Castle Reserve, Bushman’s River at Lolambazo, 4875 ft, S29.13.051, EO 29.33.543; 2 males (BMNH, OUMNH), 1 female (BMNH), KwaZulu Natal: Drakensberg Mts, 19.xi.2006, A.C. Pont &amp; D. Werner / Royal Natal Nat. Park, River Thukela by entrance, 4584 ft, S28.41.186, EO28.57.226.</p><p>Diagnosis. In the group with a broad male frons and 2 orbital setae, dorsocentrals 2+3, mid femur with 1 posterior preapical seta, but mid tibia with only one posterodorsal seta; prosternum bare; wing with no ventral setulae on node of R4+5.</p><p>Description. General coloration. Ground-colour dark brown with grey-bluish dusting. Frontal vitta brown dusted; fronto-orbital plate, parafacial, face and gena silvery-white pruinose. Antenna, arista and palpus dark brown. Scutum brown with 2 grey-bluish vittae between acrostichal and dorsocentral rows of setae; postpronotal lobe, notopleuron, pleura and postalar callus light grey dusted with bluish reflexions. Scutellum brown, with a grey median vitta. Anterior spiracle grey-bluish. Wing clear. Calypters white, haltere yellow. Legs dark brown, coxae, trochanters and femora grey-bluish dusted. Abdomen dark brown, tergites 3–5 each with a triangular area of greybluish dust in anterolateral corners, syntergite 1+2 and tergites 3–5 with a narrow grey-bluish median vitta.</p><p>Male. Body length: 3.6 mm; wing length: 3.0 mm</p><p>Head. Eye bare, frons at level of anterior ocellus about one-third of head-width, margins parallel; 2 pairs of inclinate frontal setae and 2 pairs of reclinate orbitals, and with some fine setulae outside the frontal setae; inner vertical seta long and outer one short; ocellar seta moderate. Antenna inserted a little above the mid-level of eye, postpedicel very long, almost reaching mouth-margin, about 4 times the length of pedicel; arista a little enlarged at base, almost bare, the hairs shorter than its basal width. In lateral view, mouth-margin projecting a little beyond level of profrons. Gena deep. Proboscis shining black; palpus filiform.</p><p>Thorax. Dorsocentrals 2+3; acrostichal setulae in 2 rows, prescutellar pair not differentiated; 2 postpronotals; 1 presutural and 2 postsutural intraalars, posterior pair short; 1 presutural and 1 postsutural supraalar; 2 postalars, the posterior one very long; prealar absent; prosternum bare. Notopleuron with two setae similar in size. Scutellum with one sub-basal pair of setae and one long apical pair, lateral and ventral surfaces bare. Anepisternum with a posterior series of 4 setae, the second and the last longer. Katepisternals 1+2, the lower posterior seta fine. Lower calypter about 1.5 times the length of the upper one.</p><p>Legs. Fore femur with rows of posterodorsal and posteroventral setae, the posteroventrals more spaced; fore tibia with 1 dorsal preapical and 1 posteroventral apical seta, both short; mid femur with 1 posterodorsal preapical; mid tibia with 1 median posterodorsal and 1 submedian posteroventral setae, one short dorsal preapical, and anteroventral, posteroventral and ventral surfaces with an apical seta, the latter the longest and strongest; hind femur with an anterodorsal row of setae, and 2 anteroventral setae on apical fifth; hind tibia with 1 anterodorsal median seta, 1 anteroventral submedian seta; dorsal preapical seta and ventral apical short.</p><p>Wing. Veins bare, no ventral setulae on node of vein R4+5; veins R4+5 and M parallel at wing-tip; costal spine not differentiated.</p><p>Abdomen. Tergites 3–5 with medium-sized setae, mostly lateral marginals. Sternite 1 bare. Sternite 5 as in Fig. 49.</p><p>Terminalia. Cercal plate and surstylus as in Figs 50–51. Aedeagal complex as in Fig 52.</p><p>Female. Body length: 5.0 mm; wing length: 5.2 mm.</p><p>Similar to male.</p><p>Distribution. Republic of South Africa (KwaZulu-Natal).</p><p>Etymology. The specific name is from the Latin “nudus”, meaning “naked”, and refers to absence of setulae on wing vein R4+5.</p><p>Remarks. In Emden’s (1951) key the new species runs to L. preapicalis at couplet 5, differing by the general colour of the body and by the bare R4+5.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EC4C72F463FF9256F2F9EB2766FA3E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Couri, Márcia;Pont, Adrian	Couri, Márcia, Pont, Adrian (2017): Afrotropical Limnophora Robineau-Desvoidy (Diptera, Muscidae) with the description of four new species. Zootaxa 4216 (6): 501-536, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.242395
03EC4C72F47DFF9156F2F9BF27A0F9F8.text	03EC4C72F47DFF9156F2F9BF27A0F9F8.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Limnophora numerosa	<div><p>Limnophora numerosa sp. nov.</p><p>(Figs 53–56)</p><p>Type material. Holotype male, NAMIBIA: (30) Ameib Farm, 19 mls NW Karibib, 31.i–2.ii.1972 / Southern African Exp., B.M.1972-1 (BMNH).</p><p>Paratypes (BMNH, except where stated), 4 males (1 OUMHN), 27 females (1 MNRJ, 1 OUMHN), same labels as holotype; 1 male (1 MNRJ), 4 females, (W 37) Otjitambi Fm., 27 mls ESE Kamanjab, 13–15.ii.1972 / Southern African Exp ., B.M. 1972–1; 4 females (1 MNRJ) (W 36) Otjikoko Sud Fm., 33 mls ENE Omaruru, 10–13.ii.1972 / Southern African Exp . , B.M. 1972–1; REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRICA: 4 males (1 MNRJ), (16) Hester Malan N.R., 10 mls. E. Springbok, 7–8.i.1972 / Southern African Exp ., B.M. 1972–1; 2 females, ANGOLA: A (16), 2 mls N Mocamedes, 29.ii.1972 / Southern African Exp ., B.M. 1972–1; 1 male, BOTSWANA: B (22) R. Semowane, 20 0 25’S, 26 0 23’E, 23–24.iv.1972 / Southern African Exp., B.M. 1972–1.</p><p>Diagnosis. Scutum presuturally with 2 dark brown oblong spots reaching the second dorsocentral seta; postsuturally a dark brown transverse band reaching the second dorsocentral seta; scutellum with a transverse dark brown band on anterior half; dorsocentrals 2+3; mid femur with 2 posterior preapical setae; mid tibia with 2 posterior setae; lower katepisternal about twice as distant from the anterior as from the posterior one; costal spine not differentiated.</p><p>Description. General coloration. Ground-colour brown with grey dusting. Frontal vitta dark brown; frontoorbital plate, parafacial, face and gena silvery pruinose. Antenna, arista and palpus dark brown. Proboscis shining dark brown. Scutum presuturally with 2 dark brown oblong spots reaching the second dorsocentral seta, postsuturally with a dark brown transverse band reaching the second dorsocentral seta; scutellum with a transverse dark brown band on anterior half. Wing clear. Calypters white, haltere yellow. Legs dark brown. Abdomen with a dark brown band on anterior half of syntergite 1+2, 2 dark brown spots on tergites 3 and 4 and a median dark brown vitta on tergite 5.</p><p>Male. Body length: 3.0– 3.4 mm; wing length: 3.2–3.5 mm</p><p>Head. Holoptic; eye bare with margins very little diverging to vertex; 5 pairs of inclinate frontal setae and 1 pair of reclinate orbitals; inner and outer vertical setae short; ocellar seta moderate. Antenna inserted at the midlevel of eye, postpedicel short, about twice the length of pedicel; arista short-pubescent. Palpus filiform.</p><p>Thorax. Dorsocentrals 2+3; acrostichal setulae in 3 rows presuturally and 6 rows postsuturally, prescutellar pair short and fine; 2 postpronotals; 1 presutural and 1 postsutural intraalar, the anterior one absent; 1 presutural and 1 postsutural supraalar; 2 postalars, the posterior one longer; prealar absent. Prosternum setulose. Notopleuron with two setae, similar in size. Scutellum with one sub-basal pair of setae and one long apical pair, lateral and ventral surfaces bare. Anepisternum with a posterior series of 5 setae. Katepisternals 1+2, the lower posterior seta fine. Lower calypter about 1.5 times the length of the upper one.</p><p>Legs. Fore femur with rows of posterodorsal and posteroventral setae; fore tibia with 1 dorsal preapical and 1 posteroventral apical setae, both short; mid femur with an anterodorsal row on basal half and with 2 posterodorsal preapicals; mid tibia with 2 posterodorsals, and 1 strong apical ventral; hind femur with an anterodorsal row of setae, and anteroventral row on apical third, with about 6 setae; hind tibia with 1 median anterodorsal seta, 1 submedian anteroventral seta; dorsal preapical seta and ventral apical short.</p><p>Wing. Veins bare except for vein R4+5 which has 1–2 setulae on the node at base; veins R4+5 and M parallel at wing-tip; costal spine not differentiated.</p><p>Abdomen. Tergites 3–5 with medium-sized setae, mostly lateral marginals. Tergite 5 with a discal and a marginal row of setae. Sternite 1 bare. Sternite 5 as in Fig. 53.</p><p>Terminalia. Cercal plate and surstylus as in Figs 54–55. Aedeagal complex as in Fig. 56.</p><p>Female. Body length: 3.5–4.0 mm; wing length: 3.5–4.2 mm</p><p>Similar to male, except that the marks on scutum are brown and not dark brown as in male; frons at level of anterior ocellus about one-thitd of head-width, margins parallel.</p><p>Distribution. Namibia, Republic of South Africa, Angola, Botswana.</p><p>Etymology. The specific name is from the Latin “numerosus”, meaning “numerous”, and refers to the large series of paratypes.</p><p>Notes. In Emden’s (1951) key to Limnophora, the new species runs to L. angustigena but can be easily separated by the colour pattern of the scutum.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EC4C72F47DFF9156F2F9BF27A0F9F8	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Couri, Márcia;Pont, Adrian	Couri, Márcia, Pont, Adrian (2017): Afrotropical Limnophora Robineau-Desvoidy (Diptera, Muscidae) with the description of four new species. Zootaxa 4216 (6): 501-536, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.242395
03EC4C72F47EFF9156F2F97D21EBF809.text	03EC4C72F47EFF9156F2F97D21EBF809.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Limnophora obliquesignata (Emden 1951) Emden 1951	<div><p>Limnophora obliquesignata (Emden, 1951: 452) .</p><p>(Figs 3, 57–60)</p><p>Holotype male seen; in good condition.</p><p>Diagnosis. (Fig. 3). Scutum brown dusted; postpronotum, notopleuron, pleura and legs pale bluish-grey dusted; frons of male about one-fifth of head-width; postsutural dorsocentrals 4; mid femur with 2 preapical setae; mid tibia with 1 posterior seta; lower katepisternal seta about twice as distant from anterior as from posterior seta; costal spine indistinct; sternite 5 as in Fig. 57.</p><p>Terminalia. Cercal plate and surstylus as in Figs 58–59. Aedeagal complex as in Fig. 60.</p><p>Notes. Originally described in Spilogona . One male paratype was dissected and is illustrated.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EC4C72F47EFF9156F2F97D21EBF809	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Couri, Márcia;Pont, Adrian	Couri, Márcia, Pont, Adrian (2017): Afrotropical Limnophora Robineau-Desvoidy (Diptera, Muscidae) with the description of four new species. Zootaxa 4216 (6): 501-536, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.242395
03EC4C72F478FF9756F2FF682688FD55.text	03EC4C72F478FF9756F2FF682688FD55.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Limnophora obsignata (Rondani 1866) Rondani 1866	<div><p>Limnophora obsignata (Rondani, 1866: 117) .</p><p>(Figs 61–64)</p><p>Syntypes not seen; a series of males and females from Angola and South Africa in the BMNH.</p><p>Diagnosis. Male with frons about one-fifth of head-width; general colour brown with grey pollinosity; scutum with an “ Anthomyia -pattern”, the two presutural dark brown spots separated; postsutural band broad; scutellum dark brown, grey pollinose at apex; notopleuron grey pollinose; frons brown; antenna, arista and palpus brown; haltere yellow; legs brown; frontal triangle short; arista plumose; postsutural dorsocentrals 4, the first two short; lower katepisternal weak, inserted closer to the long posterior one; fore tibia without a submedian seta; mid femur with 2 preapical setae, one posterior and one posterodorsal; mid tibia with 2 posterior setae; sternite 1 bare; sternite 5 as in Fig. 61.</p><p>Terminalia. Cercal plate and surstylus as in Figs 62–63. Aedeagal complex as in Fig. 64.</p><p>Notes. One male dissected and illustrated. The species shows infraspecific variation in the colour pattern of the scutum, mainly in the shape, size and colour of the two presutural spots.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EC4C72F478FF9756F2FF682688FD55	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Couri, Márcia;Pont, Adrian	Couri, Márcia, Pont, Adrian (2017): Afrotropical Limnophora Robineau-Desvoidy (Diptera, Muscidae) with the description of four new species. Zootaxa 4216 (6): 501-536, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.242395
03EC4C72F478FF9756F2FD292743FA4F.text	03EC4C72F478FF9756F2FD292743FA4F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Limnophora ochribasis Emden 1951	<div><p>Limnophora ochribasis Emden, 1951: 425 .</p><p>(Figs 4, 65–68)</p><p>Holotype male seen; in good condition.</p><p>Diagnosis (Fig. 4). Arista plumose; postsutural dorsocentrals 4, the first two very short; mid femur with 2 preapical setae; mid tibia with 1 posterior seta; lower katepisternal seta much closer to the posterior one than to the anterior one; lower calypter fuscous in male; abdomen largely yellow on syntergite 1+2 and tergite 3. Sternite 5 as in Fig. 65.</p><p>Terminalia. Cercal plate and surstylus as in Figs 66–67. Aedeagal complex as in Fig. 68.</p><p>Notes. One male dissected and illustrated.</p><p>Limnophora pallifemorata Emden, 1948: 465 .</p><p>Holotype male seen; in good condition.</p><p>Diagnosis. Scutum entirely dark, grey pollinose only on postpronotum and notopleuron; parafacial less than half as wide as postpedicel; legs yellow except the tips of the femora; dorsocentrals 1+3; scutellum with long basal and apical pairs of setae and hairs on disc; lower katepisternal seta inserted closer to the posterior seta; costal spine absent; fore tibia without a submedian seta; mid femur with 2 posterior preapical setae; mid tibia with 2 posterior setae and one anterodorsal; sternite 1 bare.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EC4C72F478FF9756F2FD292743FA4F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Couri, Márcia;Pont, Adrian	Couri, Márcia, Pont, Adrian (2017): Afrotropical Limnophora Robineau-Desvoidy (Diptera, Muscidae) with the description of four new species. Zootaxa 4216 (6): 501-536, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.242395
03EC4C72F478FF9756F2FA1327B1F858.text	03EC4C72F478FF9756F2FA1327B1F858.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Limnophora paneliusi Emden 1958	<div><p>Limnophora paneliusi Emden, 1958: 11 .</p><p>(Figs 69–72)</p><p>Holotype male in ZMUH (not seen); 3 paratypes (one male and 2 females) in the BMNH.</p><p>Diagnosis. Postsutural dorsocentrals 4, the first 2 short; lower katepisternal weak, inserted closer to the long posterior one; fore tibia without a submedian seta; mid femur with 2 preapical setae, one posterior and one posterodorsal; mid tibia with 2 posterior setae; sternite 1 bare; sternite 5 as in Fig. 69.</p><p>Terminalia. Cercal plate and surstylus as in Figs 70–71. Aedeagal complex as in Fig. 72.</p><p>Notes. This runs to couplet 23 and to L. obsignata in Emden’s (1951) key. It differs by the broader male frons (at middle 3–4 times the width of a fronto-orbital plate), 7–11 frontal setae extending from lunule to level of anterior ocellus, abdominal tergite 5 with a broad median spot or vitta, and aristal plumes as wide as postpedicel. One male paratype dissected and illustrated.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EC4C72F478FF9756F2FA1327B1F858	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Couri, Márcia;Pont, Adrian	Couri, Márcia, Pont, Adrian (2017): Afrotropical Limnophora Robineau-Desvoidy (Diptera, Muscidae) with the description of four new species. Zootaxa 4216 (6): 501-536, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.242395
03EC4C72F479FF9656F2FF68262EFE18.text	03EC4C72F479FF9656F2FF68262EFE18.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Limnophora paraleptopus Zielke 1971	<div><p>Limnophora paraleptopus Zielke, 1971a: 289 .</p><p>Holotype male in NMSA (not seen).</p><p>Diagnosis. Scutum shining dark brown, the area before and behind scutellar suture grey pollinose; haltere yellow; legs brown; postsutural dorsocentrals 3; katepisternals 1+2; mid femur with 2 posterior preapical setae; mid tibia with 3 posterior setae; hind tibia with 1 anterodorsal and 1 anteroventral on middle third.</p><p>Notes. Zielke (l.c.) states that this species resembles L. leptopus (junior synonym of L. stragula), but it does not run to couplet 13 and to L. leptopus in Emden’s (1951) key since it has 1+2 katepisternal setae whereas L. leptopus has katepisternals 1+1. Only one female known.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EC4C72F479FF9656F2FF68262EFE18	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Couri, Márcia;Pont, Adrian	Couri, Márcia, Pont, Adrian (2017): Afrotropical Limnophora Robineau-Desvoidy (Diptera, Muscidae) with the description of four new species. Zootaxa 4216 (6): 501-536, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.242395
03EC4C72F479FF9656F2FDDD2630FC8D.text	03EC4C72F479FF9656F2FDDD2630FC8D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Limnophora parallelifrons Emden 1951	<div><p>Limnophora parallelifrons Emden, 1951: 430 .</p><p>(Figs 5, 73–76)</p><p>Holotype male seen; in good condition.</p><p>Diagnosis. (Fig. 5). Postsutural dorsocentrals 3; anterior postsutural intraalar absent; mid femur with 2 preapical setae; mid tibia with 1 posterior seta and without anterodorsal; lower katepisternal seta more or less equidistant from the other two; costal spine distinct; sternite 5 as in Fig. 73.</p><p>Terminalia. Cercal plate and surstylus as in Figs 74–75. Aedeagal complex as in Fig. 76.</p><p>Notes. One male paratype dissected and illustrated.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EC4C72F479FF9656F2FDDD2630FC8D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Couri, Márcia;Pont, Adrian	Couri, Márcia, Pont, Adrian (2017): Afrotropical Limnophora Robineau-Desvoidy (Diptera, Muscidae) with the description of four new species. Zootaxa 4216 (6): 501-536, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.242395
03EC4C72F479FF9656F2FC522774FB68.text	03EC4C72F479FF9656F2FC522774FB68.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Limnophora parasimulans Zielke 1971	<div><p>Limnophora parasimulans Zielke, 1971b: 177 .</p><p>Holotype female in NMSA (not seen).</p><p>Diagnosis. Dorsocentrals 2+3; fore tibia without a posterior seta; mid femur with 2 preapical setae; mid tibia with 2 posterior setae; lower katepisternal seta closer to the posterior one than to the anterior one; haltere yellow.</p><p>Notes. It runs to couplet 34 and to L. simulans in Emden’s (1951) key, but differs by having the dark presutural band reaching to 2nd presutural dorsocentral, not incised or divided medially. It is known only from one female and may be just a variation of L. simulans .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EC4C72F479FF9656F2FC522774FB68	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Couri, Márcia;Pont, Adrian	Couri, Márcia, Pont, Adrian (2017): Afrotropical Limnophora Robineau-Desvoidy (Diptera, Muscidae) with the description of four new species. Zootaxa 4216 (6): 501-536, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.242395
03EC4C72F479FF9656F2FAEB24EEF99C.text	03EC4C72F479FF9656F2FAEB24EEF99C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Limnophora patersoni Zielke 1970	<div><p>Limnophora patersoni Zielke, 1970b: 147 .</p><p>Holotype male in NMSA (not seen).</p><p>Diagnosis. Arista with short hairs; dorsocentrals 2+3; katepisternals 1+1 (according to the original description); fore tibia with a row of long curled posteroventrals; mid femur with 2 preapical setae, one posterior and one posterodorsal; mid tibia with 2 posterior setae; sternite 1 bare. Cercal plate and surstylus as in Zielke (1970: Fig. 3).</p><p>Notes. It runs to couplet 13 and to L. leptopus in Emden’s (1951) key but differs by having a row of long curled posteroventrals on fore tibia.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EC4C72F479FF9656F2FAEB24EEF99C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Couri, Márcia;Pont, Adrian	Couri, Márcia, Pont, Adrian (2017): Afrotropical Limnophora Robineau-Desvoidy (Diptera, Muscidae) with the description of four new species. Zootaxa 4216 (6): 501-536, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.242395
03EC4C72F479FF9556F2F9612797FECA.text	03EC4C72F479FF9556F2F9612797FECA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Limnophora perfida Stein 1913	<div><p>Limnophora perfida Stein, 1913: 522 .</p><p>(Figs 77–80)</p><p>Syntypes of L. perfida seen in ZMHU (Pont and Werner 2006: 82; Pont 2013: 99). Two syntypes in BMNH: one specimen dirty, and the other with left fore leg missing, left mid leg glued to card, and right wing damaged on anterior margin. Holotype and allotype of L. andersoni Malloch, 1921 (junior synonym of L. perfida) seen; in good condition.</p><p>Diagnosis. General colour dark brown, postpronotum, notopleuron, area before scutellum and area around the second presutural dorsocentral setae grey dusted; postsutural dorsocentrals 3; mid femur with 2 preapical posterior setae; mid tibia with 1 posterior seta and without anterodorsal seta; lower katepisternal more or less equidistant from the other two; costal spine distinct; sternite 5 as in Fig. 77.</p><p>Terminalia. Cercal plate and surstylus as in Figs 78–79. Aedeagal complex as in Fig. 80. Notes. One male dissected and illustrated.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EC4C72F479FF9556F2F9612797FECA	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Couri, Márcia;Pont, Adrian	Couri, Márcia, Pont, Adrian (2017): Afrotropical Limnophora Robineau-Desvoidy (Diptera, Muscidae) with the description of four new species. Zootaxa 4216 (6): 501-536, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.242395
03EC4C72F47AFF9556F2FE902630FCA8.text	03EC4C72F47AFF9556F2FE902630FCA8.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Limnophora perfidodes Emden 1951	<div><p>Limnophora perfidodes Emden, 1951: 415 .</p><p>(Figs 6, 81–84)</p><p>Holotype male seen; left wing damaged on basal third, abdomen removed after tergite 4.</p><p>Diagnosis. (Fig. 6). Body length 4.0–5.0 mm; general colour brown; scutum with grey pollinose areas at the insertions of posterior presutural dorsocentral, posterior postsutural dorsocentral and apical scutellar setae; upper part of postpronotum and notopleuron grey pollinose; frons brown; face and parafacial silver pollinose; antenna, arista and palpus brown; haltere yellow; legs brown; male holoptic; frontal triangle short; arista plumose; postsutural dorsocentrals 3, all long; scutellum with long basal and apical pairs of setae and with numerous setulae on disc; lower katepisternal inserted closer to the long posterior one; lower calypter about twice the length of the upper one; wing a little infuscated, costal spine absent; fore tibia without a submedian seta; mid femur with 2 preapical setae, one posterior and one posterodorsal; mid tibia with 2 posterior setae; sternite 1 bare; sternite 5 as in Fig. 81.</p><p>Terminalia. Cercal plate and surstylus as in Figs 82–83. Aedeagal complex as in Fig. 84.</p><p>Notes. One male paratype dissected and illustrated.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EC4C72F47AFF9556F2FE902630FCA8	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Couri, Márcia;Pont, Adrian	Couri, Márcia, Pont, Adrian (2017): Afrotropical Limnophora Robineau-Desvoidy (Diptera, Muscidae) with the description of four new species. Zootaxa 4216 (6): 501-536, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.242395
03EC4C72F47AFF9556F2FC2D2664FA85.text	03EC4C72F47AFF9556F2FC2D2664FA85.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Limnophora pluripila Emden 1951	<div><p>Limnophora pluripila Emden, 1951: 388 .</p><p>Holotype male seen; in good condition.</p><p>Diagnosis. Small species (2.2 mm); general colour brown, scutum and scutellum uniformly brown; frons brown; face and parafacial silver pollinose; antenna, arista and palpus brown; haltere brown; legs brown; male dichoptic; 2 orbital setae directed backwards and outwards, the upper one longer; frontal triangle short; arista with short hairs; acrostichal setulae in 4 rows; postsutural dorsocentrals 3; scutellum with long basal and apical pairs of setae; lower katepisternal weak, inserted closer to the long posterior one; lower calypter about twice the length of the upper one; fore tibia without a submedian seta; mid femur with 1 preapical posterior seta; mid tibia with 2 posterior setae; sternite 1 bare.</p><p>Notes. Known only from the male holotype from Uganda.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EC4C72F47AFF9556F2FC2D2664FA85	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Couri, Márcia;Pont, Adrian	Couri, Márcia, Pont, Adrian (2017): Afrotropical Limnophora Robineau-Desvoidy (Diptera, Muscidae) with the description of four new species. Zootaxa 4216 (6): 501-536, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.242395
03EC4C72F47AFF9556F2FA5A2630F862.text	03EC4C72F47AFF9556F2FA5A2630F862.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Limnophora praeapicalis Emden 1951	<div><p>Limnophora praeapicalis Emden, 1951: 389 .</p><p>(Figs 85–88)</p><p>Holotype male seen; fore and hind right legs missing, abdomen glued to the celluloid strip on which the specimen is pinned.</p><p>Diagnosis. Small species (2.8–3.1 mm); general colour brown with grey pollinosity; scutum with 3 brown vittae, the lateral ones broad; frons brown; fronto-orbital plate, face and parafacial grey pollinose; antenna, arista and palpus brown; haltere yellow; legs brown; male dichoptic; 2 orbital setae directed backwards and outwards; frontal triangle short; postpedicel very long, reaching oral margin; arista with short hairs; acrostichal setulae in 2 rows; postsutural dorsocentrals 3; scutellum with long basal and apical pairs of setae; lower katepisternal inserted closer to the long posterior one; lower calypter about twice the length of the upper one; fore tibia without a submedian seta; mid femur with 1 preapical posterior setae; mid tibia with 2 posterior setae; sternite 1 bare; sternite 5 as in Fig. 85.</p><p>Terminalia. Cercal plate and surstylus as in Figs 86–87. Aedeagal complex as in Fig. 88.</p><p>Notes. One male paratype dissected and illustrated.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EC4C72F47AFF9556F2FA5A2630F862	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Couri, Márcia;Pont, Adrian	Couri, Márcia, Pont, Adrian (2017): Afrotropical Limnophora Robineau-Desvoidy (Diptera, Muscidae) with the description of four new species. Zootaxa 4216 (6): 501-536, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.242395
03EC4C72F474FF9B56F2FF6820ABFC93.text	03EC4C72F474FF9B56F2FF6820ABFC93.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Limnophora pseudolispoides (Peris 1963) Peris 1963	<div><p>Limnophora pseudolispoides (Peris, 1963: 109) .</p><p>Holotype male from Annobón Island, in CSIC (not seen).</p><p>Diagnosis. Colour pattern as in Fig. 5 of Peris (1963). Fronto-orbital plate grey pollinose; scutum black, with postpronotal lobe, notopleuron and pleura grey dusted; mouth-margin projecting beyond profrons in lateral view; 2–3 frontal and 1 orbital setae in male; dorsocentrals 2+3, anterior presutural pair very short; 2 postsutural intraalars; prosternum with 1–2 marginal setulae; fore tibia without submedian seta; mid femur with 1 preapical posterior seta; mid tibia with 1 short posterior seta; hind femur with 1 strong anteroventral before apex; female abdomen almost wholly dark, with a little grey dust in antero-lateral corners of syntergite 1+2 and tergites 3 and 4. Male cercal plate as in Peris (1963: Fig. 6).</p><p>Notes. This species was originally described in Spilogona and runs to couplet 5(6) in Emden’s (1951) key. It can be differentiated according to Peris (l.c.) as follows:</p><p>5(6) Palpus slightly spatulate. Vein M straight near apex, not upcurved. Frons with 1 rather strong reclinate and exclinate orbital seta.</p><p>a(b) The longest hairs on arista clearly longer than the basal aristal width. Parafacial half as wide as postpedicel. Frons clearly widened in front, and face very slightly narrowed below lunule. Antenna, palpus and legs reddish-brown. Posterior notopleural seta clearly much shorter than anterior seta. Wing with vein R1 not reaching the level of crossvein r-m.... lispoides (Emden) b(a) The longest hairs on arista not longer than the basal aristal width or at most subequal. Parafacial one-third as wide as postpedicel. Frons slightly widened in front and face widened from lunule to mouth-margin. Antenna, palpus and legs brownish-black. Notopleural setae more or less subequal. Wing with vein R1 just reaching the level of crossvein r-m.. pseudolispoides (Peris)</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EC4C72F474FF9B56F2FF6820ABFC93	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Couri, Márcia;Pont, Adrian	Couri, Márcia, Pont, Adrian (2017): Afrotropical Limnophora Robineau-Desvoidy (Diptera, Muscidae) with the description of four new species. Zootaxa 4216 (6): 501-536, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.242395
03EC4C72F474FF9B56F2FC7327A7FB31.text	03EC4C72F474FF9B56F2FC7327A7FB31.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Limnophora pseudospinipes (Zielke 1971) Zielke 1971	<div><p>Limnophora pseudospinipes (Zielke, 1971a: 295) .</p><p>Holotype female in NMSA (not seen).</p><p>Diagnosis. Colour pattern of scutum as in Fig. 7 of Zielke (1971a); 2 pairs of reclinate orbital setae; presutural acrostichal setulae 3-serial; dorsocentrals 2+4; prosternum bare; fore tibia without a posterior seta; mid femur with 1 preapical seta; mid tibia with 2 posterior setae; katepisternals 1+2; haltere yellow; vein R4+5 with setulae at base on dorsal and ventral surfaces.</p><p>Notes. Originally described in Spilogona . Zielke stated that this species leads to S. gilvifrons in Emden’s (1951) key, but S. gilvifrons is in the section of the key with 3 postsutural dorsocentrals whereas S. pseudospinipes is described with 4 postsutural dorsocentrals.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EC4C72F474FF9B56F2FC7327A7FB31	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Couri, Márcia;Pont, Adrian	Couri, Márcia, Pont, Adrian (2017): Afrotropical Limnophora Robineau-Desvoidy (Diptera, Muscidae) with the description of four new species. Zootaxa 4216 (6): 501-536, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.242395
03EC4C72F474FF9B56F2FAD124DEF83B.text	03EC4C72F474FF9B56F2FAD124DEF83B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Limnophora quadristriata Emden 1951	<div><p>Limnophora quadristriata Emden, 1951: 390 &amp; 702.</p><p>(Figs 89–91)</p><p>Holotype male seen; right fore and right hind legs missing.</p><p>Diagnosis. Small species (2.1–2.7 mm); general colour brown with grey pollinosity, scutum with 4 brown vittae; scutellum uniformly brown; frons brown; fronto-orbital plate, face and parafacial grey pollinose; antenna, arista and palpus brown; haltere yellow; legs brown; male dichoptic; 2 orbital setae directed backwards and outwards; frontal triangle short; head angular in profile (as in Atherigona Rondani) with a very long postpedicel, arista with short hairs; acrostichal setulae in 2 rows before suture and 4–5 rows after suture; postsutural dorsocentrals 3, the two first shorter than the posterior one; scutellum with long basal and apical pairs of setae; lower katepisternal inserted closer to the long posterior one; lower calypter about twice the length of the upper one; fore tibia without a submedian seta; mid femur with 1 posterior preapical seta; mid tibia with 1 posterior seta; male with the first two mid tarsomeres creamy-yellow and greatly elongated; sternite 1 bare; sternite 5 as in Fig. 89.</p><p>Terminalia. Cercal plate and surstylus as in Figs 89–90. Aedeagal complex as in Fig. 91.</p><p>Notes. The description of L. quadristriata was based on two females, both specimens with the head missing, but was complemented on pages 702–703 (Emden 1951) with the description of the male, based on additional material collected in Liberia in 1943 by F.M. Snyder. This enabled the head to be described, and Snyder’s male was designated as the holotype. The species can be easily recognized by the striking angular head (in profile) with a very long postpedicel and by the creamy-yellow and greatly elongated first two tarsomeres of the mid leg. One male dissected and illustrated.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EC4C72F474FF9B56F2FAD124DEF83B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Couri, Márcia;Pont, Adrian	Couri, Márcia, Pont, Adrian (2017): Afrotropical Limnophora Robineau-Desvoidy (Diptera, Muscidae) with the description of four new species. Zootaxa 4216 (6): 501-536, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.242395
03EC4C72F476FF9956F2FF682782FE7D.text	03EC4C72F476FF9956F2FF682782FE7D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Limnophora quaterna (Loew 1852) Loew 1852	<div><p>Limnophora quaterna (Loew, 1852: 660) .</p><p>Holotype female in ZMHU (see Pont and Werner 2006: 88). A long series of males and females in the BMNH .</p><p>Diagnosis. Scutum of male with an “ Anthomyia -pattern”; female pale grey dusted with only two short brown vittae on the middle part of the dorsocentral row of setae; postsutural dorsocentrals 3; mid femur with 2 preapical setae; mid tibia with 2 posterior setae and no anterodorsal; costal spine absent.</p><p>Notes. In Emden’s (1951) key, L. quaterna runs easily runs to couplet 31 and to L. notabilis Stein in Becker, 1903, which is a junior synonym of L. quaterna .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EC4C72F476FF9956F2FF682782FE7D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Couri, Márcia;Pont, Adrian	Couri, Márcia, Pont, Adrian (2017): Afrotropical Limnophora Robineau-Desvoidy (Diptera, Muscidae) with the description of four new species. Zootaxa 4216 (6): 501-536, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.242395
03EC4C72F476FF9956F2FE01270EFD39.text	03EC4C72F476FF9956F2FE01270EFD39.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Limnophora riparia (Fallén 1824) Fallen 1824	<div><p>Limnophora riparia (Fallén, 1824: 67) .</p><p>Holotype male of the subspecies Limnophora riparia capoverdica Emden (1958: 11) in ZMUH (not seen). Diagnosis. Scutum dark brown, postpronotum and notopleuron with bluish-grey pollinosity; two reclinate orbitals; postsutural dorsocentrals 3; mid femur with 2 posterior preapical setae; mid tibia with one posterior seta. Notes. This species is in the Calliophrys Kowarz group of Limnophora, and is one of the few Afrotropical Limnophora to have dichoptic males.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EC4C72F476FF9956F2FE01270EFD39	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Couri, Márcia;Pont, Adrian	Couri, Márcia, Pont, Adrian (2017): Afrotropical Limnophora Robineau-Desvoidy (Diptera, Muscidae) with the description of four new species. Zootaxa 4216 (6): 501-536, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.242395
03EC4C72F476FF9956F2FCBE203CFB82.text	03EC4C72F476FF9956F2FCBE203CFB82.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Limnophora rossi Zielke 1974	<div><p>Limnophora rossi Zielke, 1974: 41 .</p><p>Holotype female in CAS (not seen).</p><p>Diagnosis. Scutum with an “ Anthomyia -pattern”, with a continuous uninterrupted dark postsutural band; legs brown; postsutural dorsocentrals 4, the first two short; fore tibia without a submedian seta; mid femur with 2 preapical setae, one posterior and one posterodorsal; mid tibia with 2 posterior setae; sternite 1 bare.</p><p>Notes. Described from Madagascar, it runs to L. obsignata (couplet 23) in Emden’s (1951) key but differs by having a continuous uninterrupted dark postsutural band on scutum, from suture to third dorsocentral.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EC4C72F476FF9956F2FCBE203CFB82	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Couri, Márcia;Pont, Adrian	Couri, Márcia, Pont, Adrian (2017): Afrotropical Limnophora Robineau-Desvoidy (Diptera, Muscidae) with the description of four new species. Zootaxa 4216 (6): 501-536, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.242395
03EC4C72F476FF9956F2FB5827C7FA6C.text	03EC4C72F476FF9956F2FB5827C7FA6C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Limnophora rufimana Strobl 1893	<div><p>Limnophora rufimana Strobl, 1893: 272 .</p><p>Holotype male in BSA (not seen; see Chvála 2008: 227).</p><p>Diagnosis. Male dichoptic; 1 pair of reclinate orbital setae; postsutural dorsocentrals 3; haltere pale; last tarsomeres of male fore leg translucent reddish-yellow; mid tibia with 2 posterior setae.</p><p>Notes. This Central and South European species has been recorded from Sudan, based on both sexes (Stein in Becker 1922: 78). It is unlikely that Stein would have misidentified the very characteristic males of this species, but nevertheless this Sudan material needs to be checked.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EC4C72F476FF9956F2FB5827C7FA6C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Couri, Márcia;Pont, Adrian	Couri, Márcia, Pont, Adrian (2017): Afrotropical Limnophora Robineau-Desvoidy (Diptera, Muscidae) with the description of four new species. Zootaxa 4216 (6): 501-536, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.242395
03EC4C72F476FF9956F2F9F121F0F891.text	03EC4C72F476FF9956F2F9F121F0F891.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Limnophora scotti Emden 1959	<div><p>Limnophora scotti Emden, 1959: 191 .</p><p>Holotype male seen; both postpedicels missing.</p><p>Diagnosis. Mouth-margin very produced; prosternum broadened anteriorly and setulose; postsutural dorsocentrals 3; mid femur with two preapical setae; mid tibia with one posterior seta; lower katepisternal seta closer to the posterior one than to the anterior; costal spine indistinct; sternite 1 with one setula near each hind angle.</p><p>Notes. Easily recognized by the produced mouth-margin. Known only from the holotype male. It runs to couplet 47 in Emden’s (1951) key, but differs from L. melanota by the produced mouth-margin.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EC4C72F476FF9956F2F9F121F0F891	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Couri, Márcia;Pont, Adrian	Couri, Márcia, Pont, Adrian (2017): Afrotropical Limnophora Robineau-Desvoidy (Diptera, Muscidae) with the description of four new species. Zootaxa 4216 (6): 501-536, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.242395
03EC4C72F476FF9856F2F87127EEFEE8.text	03EC4C72F476FF9856F2F87127EEFEE8.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Limnophora separanda Zielke 1970	<div><p>Limnophora separanda Zielke, 1970b: 144 .</p><p>Holotype male in NMSA (not seen).</p><p>Diagnosis. 1 pair of reclinate orbital setae; arista with short hairs; dorsocentrals 2+3; katepisternals 1+2; fore tibia without a submedian seta; mid femur with 1 posterior preapical seta; mid tibia with 1 posterior seta; sternite 1 bare. Cercal plate and surstylus as in Zielke (1970b: Fig. 2).</p><p>Notes. According to Zielke (1970b), this species runs to Limnophora quadristriata in Emden’s (1951) key, but differs from this by the shining dark brown scutum.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EC4C72F476FF9856F2F87127EEFEE8	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Couri, Márcia;Pont, Adrian	Couri, Márcia, Pont, Adrian (2017): Afrotropical Limnophora Robineau-Desvoidy (Diptera, Muscidae) with the description of four new species. Zootaxa 4216 (6): 501-536, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.242395
03EC4C72F477FF9856F2FE6B278FFD54.text	03EC4C72F477FF9856F2FE6B278FFD54.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Limnophora setalis Emden 1951	<div><p>Limnophora setalis Emden, 1951: 424 .</p><p>Holotype male seen; fore and left legs missing.</p><p>Diagnosis. Arista with very short hairs; postsutural dorsocentrals 4, all long; lower katepisternal seta closer to the posterior than to the anterior one; mid femur with 2 preapical setae; mid tibia with 1 posterior seta, and no anterodorsal seta.</p><p>Notes. Known only from the male holotype.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EC4C72F477FF9856F2FE6B278FFD54	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Couri, Márcia;Pont, Adrian	Couri, Márcia, Pont, Adrian (2017): Afrotropical Limnophora Robineau-Desvoidy (Diptera, Muscidae) with the description of four new species. Zootaxa 4216 (6): 501-536, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.242395
03EC4C72F477FF9856F2FD2920ADFB81.text	03EC4C72F477FF9856F2FD2920ADFB81.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Limnophora simulans Stein 1913	<div><p>Limnophora simulans Stein, 1913: 520 .</p><p>(Fig. 7)</p><p>Lectotype female seen in BMNH (designated by Emden 1959: 191; see also Pont 2013: 108–109); in good condition.</p><p>Diagnosis. Scutum with an “ Anthomyia -pattern” in both sexes; dark postsutural band not connected to the dark scutellar spot; postsutural dorsocentrals 3; mid femur with 2 preapical setae; mid tibia with 2 posterior setae and without anterodorsal seta; costal spine absent; dark spots on third and fourth abdominal tergites subtriangular and large, reaching the anterior margin of each tergite.</p><p>Notes. In the same box with the lectotype there is a note by ACP made in 1987: “ 2♀ paralectotypes of simulans are paratypes of aethiopica Emd.” [ L. elgonica aethiopica] (see Emden 1959: 190; Pont 2013: 108–109).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EC4C72F477FF9856F2FD2920ADFB81	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Couri, Márcia;Pont, Adrian	Couri, Márcia, Pont, Adrian (2017): Afrotropical Limnophora Robineau-Desvoidy (Diptera, Muscidae) with the description of four new species. Zootaxa 4216 (6): 501-536, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.242395
03EC4C72F477FF9F56F2FB56212FFBE0.text	03EC4C72F477FF9F56F2FB56212FFBE0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Limnophora sinuosa	<div><p>Limnophora sinuosa sp. nov.</p><p>(Figs 92–95)</p><p>Type material. Holotype male, N. NIGERIA: Zaria, Samaru, 21.ix.1968, J.C. Deeming, m.v. trap (BMNH).</p><p>Paratypes, 3 males, same labels as holotype; 2 males (1 MNRJ, 1 BMNH), same locality, 29.ix.1969; 2 females (1 MNRJ, 1 BMNH), same locality, 7.x.1969 .</p><p>Diagnosis. General colour intensely grey dusted; male head very characteristic, with the inner and outer vertical setae and ocellar setae extremely short and setuliform; lower katepisternal absent; male fore tibia with the preapical dorsal seta long.</p><p>Description. General colouration. Ground-colour intensely grey dusted. Frontal vitta brown; fronto-orbital plate, parafacial, face and gena silvery pruinose. Ocellar triangle surrounded by a grey dusted area, which in female is round and strongly contrasts with the brown frons. Antenna, arista and palpus dark brown. Proboscis shining dark brown. Scutum uniformly grey dusted in male; female with 2 brown thin vittae along first and second presutural dorsocentral setae and 2 broader ones along first and second postsutural dorsocentrals; scutellum with a brown transverse band on basal third. Wing clear. Calypters white, haltere yellow. Legs dark brown. Abdomen with dark brown roundish spots on tergites 3 and 4.</p><p>Male. Measurements. Body length: 3.0 mm; wing length: 3.0 mm.</p><p>Head. Eye bare with margins converging to vertex; frontal row with 2–3 short pairs in the middle of frons, 1 longer pair close to lunule and 1 very short and hair-like pair a little below the level of anterior ocellus; inner and outer vertical setae very short and fine; ocellar seta short and fine. Antenna inserted at mid-level of eye, postpedicel about twice the length of pedicel; arista plumose. Palpus filiform.</p><p>Thorax. Dorsocentrals 2+3; acrostichal setulae in 2 rows presuturally and 5 rows postsuturally, prescutellar pair not differentiated; 2 postpronotals; 1 presutural and 1 postsutural intraalars, short and fine, the anterior one absent; 1 presutural and 1 postsutural supraalar; 2 postalars, the posterior one longer; prealar absent. Prosternum setulose. Notopleuron with two setae, similar in size. Scutellum with one sub-basal pair of setae and one long apical pair, lateral and ventral surfaces bare. Anepisternum with a series of 4–5 setae, 2 of them longer. Katepisternals 1+1, the lower posterior absent. Lower calypter about twice the length of the upper one.</p><p>Legs. Fore femur with rows of posterodorsal and posteroventral setae, the posteroventrals longer; fore tibia with 1 long dorsal preapical and 1 posteroventral apical setae; mid femur with 1 median anterior seta and 2 posterodorsal preapicals; mid tibia with 2–3 anteroventrals on middle to apical third, 2 posterodorsal and 1 strong apical ventral; hind femur with a row of anterodorsal setae on basal half, 2–3 anteroventral setae on apical third, 1 anterodorsal and 1 posterodorsal preapicals; hind tibia with 1 median anterodorsal seta, 1 submedian anteroventral seta; dorsal preapical seta and 1 ventral apical short.</p><p>Wing. Veins bare except for vein R4+5 which has 2 setulae on the node at base; veins R4+5 and M parallel at wing-tip; costal spine not differentiated.</p><p>Abdomen. Tergites 3–5 with medium-sized setae, mostly lateral marginals. Sternite 1 bare. Sternite 5 with long sinuous setae as in Fig. 92.</p><p>Terminalia. Epandrium and cercal plate with long and sinuous setae. Cercal plate and surstylus as in Figs 93– 94. Aedeagal complex as in Fig. 95.</p><p>Female. length: 3.0 mm; wing length: 2.9 mm.</p><p>Similar to male, except for: frontal row with 3–4 pairs of spaced setae, the upper one reclinate, inner and outer vertical setae and ocellar seta much longer and stronger than in male; the preapical dorsal seta on fore tibia shorter than in male; the anterodorsal row of setae on hind femur is more complete.</p><p>Distribution. Nigeria.</p><p>Etymology. The specific name is from the Latin “sinuosus”, meaning “sinuous, curved”, and refers to the long and sinuous setae on sternite 5, epandrium and cercal plate.</p><p>Remarks. In Emden’s (1951) key to Limnophora, the new species runs to L. leptopus (junior synonym of L. stragula (Séguy)), because of the presence of 2 posterior preapicals on mid femur and the absence of the lower katepisternal seta, but the general appearance of both species is totally different.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EC4C72F477FF9F56F2FB56212FFBE0	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Couri, Márcia;Pont, Adrian	Couri, Márcia, Pont, Adrian (2017): Afrotropical Limnophora Robineau-Desvoidy (Diptera, Muscidae) with the description of four new species. Zootaxa 4216 (6): 501-536, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.242395
03EC4C72F470FF9F56F2FB752630F985.text	03EC4C72F470FF9F56F2FB752630F985.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Limnophora somereni Emden 1951	<div><p>Limnophora somereni Emden, 1951: 402 .</p><p>(Figs 96–99)</p><p>Holotype male seen; in good condition.</p><p>Diagnosis. Body length 5.0–6.0 mm; male holoptic; general colour brown with grey pollinosity; scutum with an “ Anthomyia -pattern”, the two presutural dark brown spots completely or almost completely fused; postsutural band broad; scutellum dark brown, grey pollinose only at apex; notopleuron grey pollinose; frons brown; antenna, arista and palpus brown; haltere yellow; legs brown; frontal triangle short; arista plumose; postsutural dorsocentrals 4, the first 2 short; lower katepisternal weak, inserted closer to the long posterior one; fore tibia without a submedian seta; mid femur with 2 preapical setae, one posterior and one posterodorsal; mid tibia with 2 posterior setae; sternite 1 bare; sternite 5 as in Fig. 96.</p><p>Terminalia. Cercal plate and surstylus as in Figs 97–98. Aedeagal complex as in Fig. 99.</p><p>Notes. One male paratype dissected and illustrated.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EC4C72F470FF9F56F2FB752630F985	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Couri, Márcia;Pont, Adrian	Couri, Márcia, Pont, Adrian (2017): Afrotropical Limnophora Robineau-Desvoidy (Diptera, Muscidae) with the description of four new species. Zootaxa 4216 (6): 501-536, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.242395
03EC4C72F470FF9E56F2F95A2603FE97.text	03EC4C72F470FF9E56F2F95A2603FE97.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Limnophora soror Robineau-Desvoidy 1830	<div><p>Limnophora soror Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830: 520 .</p><p>Syntypes, sex and number not stated, lost; formerly in Dejean Collection, but now not in OUMNH or MNHNP.</p><p>Diagnosis. Arista pubescent; scutum with an “ Anthomyia -pattern”; presutural acrostichal setulae in 4–5 rows; dorsocentrals 2+3; lower katepisternal short, closer to posterior than to anterior seta; haltere yellow; fore tibia without a posterior seta; mid femur with 2 posterior preapical setae; mid tibia with 2 posterior setae; hind femur with a more or less complete row of long anteroventral setae (male) or with 3–5 anteroventral setae (female).</p><p>Notes. This species was described from Mauritius, but has not been recognised since the original description. Robineau-Desvoidy did not give the sex or number of his syntypes, stating only that the species was in the collection of Count Dejean. The syntypes are now lost, being in neither the OUMNH (remains of Dejean’s Diptera) nor MNHNP (where Robineau-Desvoidy’s “exotic” species are located). We have seen 1 male and 2 females in MNHNP (Réunion, Cilaos, i.1913) and 1 female in BMNH (Mauritius, La Pouce, 10.vi.1971, A.M. Hutson) that agree with the brief original description and which we identify as this species, which cannot otherwise be assigned to any of the known Malagasy or mainland African species.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EC4C72F470FF9E56F2F95A2603FE97	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Couri, Márcia;Pont, Adrian	Couri, Márcia, Pont, Adrian (2017): Afrotropical Limnophora Robineau-Desvoidy (Diptera, Muscidae) with the description of four new species. Zootaxa 4216 (6): 501-536, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.242395
03EC4C72F471FF9E56F2FE6B210DFD7E.text	03EC4C72F471FF9E56F2FE6B210DFD7E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Limnophora spangleri Zielke 1971	<div><p>Limnophora spangleri Zielke, 1971b: 178 .</p><p>Holotype in NMSA (not seen).</p><p>Diagnosis. Arista plumose; dorsocentrals 2+3; fore tibia without a posterior seta; mid femur with 2 preapical setae; mid tibia with 2 posterior setae; lower katepisternal seta closer to the posterior one than to the anterior one; calypters brownish, haltere yellow; wing vein R4+5 with two setulae at base on ventral and dorsal surfaces.</p><p>Notes. According to Zielke (1971b), this species runs to L. notabilis (now L. quaterna) in Emden’s (1951) key, but can be easily distinguished by the short setulae on the dorsal surface of vein R1.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EC4C72F471FF9E56F2FE6B210DFD7E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Couri, Márcia;Pont, Adrian	Couri, Márcia, Pont, Adrian (2017): Afrotropical Limnophora Robineau-Desvoidy (Diptera, Muscidae) with the description of four new species. Zootaxa 4216 (6): 501-536, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.242395
03EC4C72F471FF9E56F2FCFF2438FBE0.text	03EC4C72F471FF9E56F2FCFF2438FBE0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Limnophora spinata Stein 1914	<div><p>Limnophora spinata Stein, 1914: 121 .</p><p>(Figs 100–103)</p><p>Syntypes not seen and apparently lost (Pont 2013: 109).</p><p>Diagnosis. Scutum dark brown; postsutural dorsocentrals 3; mid femur with 2 preapical setae; mid tibia with 2 posterior setae; costal spine present and long; sternite 5 as in Fig. 100.</p><p>Terminalia. Cercal plate and surstylus as in Figs 101–102. Aedeagal complex as in Fig. 103.</p><p>Notes. There is a long series of males and females from Kenya in the BMNH. One male dissected and illustrated.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EC4C72F471FF9E56F2FCFF2438FBE0	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Couri, Márcia;Pont, Adrian	Couri, Márcia, Pont, Adrian (2017): Afrotropical Limnophora Robineau-Desvoidy (Diptera, Muscidae) with the description of four new species. Zootaxa 4216 (6): 501-536, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.242395
03EC4C72F471FF9E56F2FB7526C4FA31.text	03EC4C72F471FF9E56F2FB7526C4FA31.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Limnophora spinifera Stein 1914	<div><p>Limnophora spinifera Stein, 1914: 122 .</p><p>(Figs 104–107)</p><p>Syntypes not seen and apparently lost (Pont 2013: 110).</p><p>Diagnosis. Scutum uniformly dark brown; postsutural dorsocentrals 3; mid femur with 2 preapical setae; mid tibia with 1 posterior and 1 anterodorsal setae; lower katepisternal seta more or less equidistant from the other two; costal spine long and strong; sternite 5 as in Fig. 104.</p><p>Terminalia. Cercal plate and surstylus as in Figs 105–106. Aedeagal complex as in Fig. 107.</p><p>Notes. There is a long series from Kenya in the BMNH . The species can be easily recognized by the unusually long and strong costal spine. One male from Kenya dissected and illustrated.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EC4C72F471FF9E56F2FB7526C4FA31	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Couri, Márcia;Pont, Adrian	Couri, Márcia, Pont, Adrian (2017): Afrotropical Limnophora Robineau-Desvoidy (Diptera, Muscidae) with the description of four new species. Zootaxa 4216 (6): 501-536, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.242395
03EC4C72F471FF9D56F2F9C6265CFECA.text	03EC4C72F471FF9D56F2F9C6265CFECA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Limnophora stragula (Séguy 1950) Seguy 1950	<div><p>Limnophora stragula (Séguy, 1950: 280) .</p><p>(Figs 108–111)</p><p>Holotype male seen (in MNHNP); holotype male of Limnophora leptopus Emden 1951: 316 (junior synonym of L. stragula) seen (BMNH); mid and hind legs missing.</p><p>Diagnosis. Medium sized species (5.0 mm); general colour brown with grey pollinosity, scutum brown, a little shining; postpronotum, notopleuron, area before scutellum, base of scutellum and all pleura grey pollinose; frons brown; fronto-orbital plate, face and parafacial grey pollinose in certain lights; antenna, arista and palpus brown; haltere yellow; legs brown, coxae with grey pollinosity; frons of male narrower than in female; 2 pairs of orbital setae, directed backwards and outwards; frontal triangle long, reaching lunule; arista with short hairs; acrostichal setulae in 4 irregular rows; postsutural dorsocentrals 3; scutellum with long basal and apical pairs of setae and many setulae on disc; lower katepisternal absent; lower calypter about twice the length of the upper one; fore tibia without a submedian seta; first fore tarsomere long in male; mid femur with 2 posterior preapical setae; mid tibia with 2 posterior setae; sternite 1 setulose; sternite 5 as in Fig. 108.</p><p>Terminalia. Cercal plate and surstylus as in Figs 109–110. Aedeagal complex as in Fig. 111. Notes. One male from Madagascar dissected and illustrated.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EC4C72F471FF9D56F2F9C6265CFECA	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Couri, Márcia;Pont, Adrian	Couri, Márcia, Pont, Adrian (2017): Afrotropical Limnophora Robineau-Desvoidy (Diptera, Muscidae) with the description of four new species. Zootaxa 4216 (6): 501-536, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.242395
03EC4C72F472FF9D56F2FE9027BCFC8C.text	03EC4C72F472FF9D56F2FE9027BCFC8C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Limnophora stuckenbergi Zielke 1971	<div><p>Limnophora stuckenbergi Zielke, 1971c: 71 .</p><p>Holotype male in NMSA (not seen).</p><p>Diagnosis. Arista with very short hairs; dorsocentrals 2+3; katepisternals 1+2; fore tibia with a posterior median seta; mid femur with 2 preapical setae, one posterior and one posterodorsal; mid tibia with 2 posterior setae; costal spine not distinct; sternite 1 bare.</p><p>Notes. Like L. transvaalensis Zielke, 1970, this runs to couplet 28 of Emden’s (1951) key (no costal spine but very short-haired arista). Zielke does not compare L. stuckenbergi with L. transvaalensis although both run to the same key couplet. Their differences can be summarised as follows:</p><p>L. stuckenbergi: scutum dark brown, subshining, grey laterally; a presutural grey band, between second dorsocentral and suture; a postsutural grey band before scutellum; scutellum grey at tip.</p><p>L. transvaalensis: scutum grey dusted dorsally; presutural area with a brown vitta behind; postsutural area with a median brown spot between the dorsocentrals, reaching to second postsutural dorsocentral, and after that with a weak median vitta; scutellum wholly brown.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EC4C72F472FF9D56F2FE9027BCFC8C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Couri, Márcia;Pont, Adrian	Couri, Márcia, Pont, Adrian (2017): Afrotropical Limnophora Robineau-Desvoidy (Diptera, Muscidae) with the description of four new species. Zootaxa 4216 (6): 501-536, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.242395
03EC4C72F472FF9D56F2FC51278FFAA1.text	03EC4C72F472FF9D56F2FC51278FFAA1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Limnophora subobsignata Emden 1951	<div><p>Limnophora subobsignata Emden, 1951: 398 .</p><p>Holotype male seen; in good condition.</p><p>Diagnosis. Body length 5–6 mm; general colour brown with grey pollinosity, scutum presuturally with two large brown spots, postsuturally with a large dark brown transverse band; scutellum with a large dark brown transverse band; postpronotum, notopleuron, and all pleura grey pollinose; frons dark brown; fronto-orbital plate, face and parafacial silver pollinose in certain lights; antenna, arista and palpus brown; haltere pale yellow; legs brown, coxae with grey pollinosity; frons of male narrower than in female; 2 pairs of orbital setae, directed backwards and outwards; frontal triangle short; arista with short hairs; acrostichal setulae in 4 irregular rows; postsutural dorsocentrals 4, the two first pairs long, only a little shorter than the third pair; lower katepisternal seta inserted closer to the posterior one; lower calypter about twice the length of the upper one; fore tibia without a submedian seta; mid femur with 2 posterior preapical setae; mid tibia with 2 posterior setae; sternite 1 bare.</p><p>Notes. Known only from the male holotype.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EC4C72F472FF9D56F2FC51278FFAA1	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Couri, Márcia;Pont, Adrian	Couri, Márcia, Pont, Adrian (2017): Afrotropical Limnophora Robineau-Desvoidy (Diptera, Muscidae) with the description of four new species. Zootaxa 4216 (6): 501-536, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.242395
03EC4C72F472FF9D56F2FA36278FF862.text	03EC4C72F472FF9D56F2FA36278FF862.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Limnophora tetragramma Emden 1951	<div><p>Limnophora tetragramma Emden, 1951: 394 .</p><p>Holotype male seen; abdomen glued to a slip of card and pinned with the specimen.</p><p>Diagnosis. Medium-sized species (3.7 mm); general colour brown; scutum and scutellum a little shining; postpronotum, notopleuron, area before scutellum and base of scutellum grey pollinose; scutum with three brown presutural vittae and a broad brown transverse band behind suture; all pleura with grey pollinosity; frons brown; fronto-orbital plate, face and parafacial silver pollinose; antenna, arista and palpus brown; haltere brown; legs light brown, coxae with some grey pollinosity, stronger on fore coxa; 1 pair of orbital setae, directed backwards and outwards; frontal triangle short; arista with short hairs; acrostichal setulae in 3–4 rows; postsutural dorsocentrals 3; scutellum with long basal and apical pairs of setae; lower katepisternal short and inserted closer to the long posterior one; lower calypter about twice the length of the upper one; both calypters with margin and fringe yellowish; fore tibia enlarged and flattened apicad and without a submedian seta; mid femur with 1 posterior preapical seta; mid tibia with 1 posterior seta; sternite 1 bare.</p><p>Notes. Known only from the male holotype.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EC4C72F472FF9D56F2FA36278FF862	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Couri, Márcia;Pont, Adrian	Couri, Márcia, Pont, Adrian (2017): Afrotropical Limnophora Robineau-Desvoidy (Diptera, Muscidae) with the description of four new species. Zootaxa 4216 (6): 501-536, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.242395
03EC4C72F44CFFA356F2FF682676FDC0.text	03EC4C72F44CFFA356F2FF682676FDC0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Limnophora thomasseti Emden 1951	<div><p>Limnophora thomasseti Emden, 1951: 422 .</p><p>Holotype male seen; in good condition.</p><p>Diagnosis. Body length, male: 3.7 mm; female: 4.5–5.0 mm; male holoptic; general colour dark brown; postpronotum, notopleuron, a round area before scutellar suture and apex of scutellum grey pollinose; frons, fronto-orbital plate, face, parafacial and gena dark brown; antenna, arista and palpus dark brown; haltere yellow; legs brown; frontal triangle short; arista plumose; acrostichal setulae in 4–5 rows; postsutural dorsocentrals 3; scutellum with long basal and apical pairs of setae; lower katepisternal inserted closer to the long posterior one; lower calypter about twice the length of the upper one; fore tibia without a submedian seta; mid femur with 2 preapical posterior setae; mid tibia with 1 posterior seta; sternite 1 bare.</p><p>Notes. Paratype male a little damaged and not dissected.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EC4C72F44CFFA356F2FF682676FDC0	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Couri, Márcia;Pont, Adrian	Couri, Márcia, Pont, Adrian (2017): Afrotropical Limnophora Robineau-Desvoidy (Diptera, Muscidae) with the description of four new species. Zootaxa 4216 (6): 501-536, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.242395
03EC4C72F44CFFA356F2FD9526B4FCAA.text	03EC4C72F44CFFA356F2FD9526B4FCAA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Limnophora thoracica Zielke 1970	<div><p>Limnophora thoracica Zielke, 1970b: 146 .</p><p>Holotype male in NMSA (not seen).</p><p>Diagnosis. Arista short-haired, the longest hairs not longer than the width of postpedicel; dorsocentrals 2+4; katepisternals 1+2; fore tibia without a median seta; mid femur with 1 preapical seta; mid tibia with 2 posterior setae; sternite 1 bare.</p><p>Notes. This runs to couplet 23 and to L. obsignata in Emden’s (1951) key, but differs by the absence of brown marks on abdominal tergite 5 and by the more grey dusted scutum.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EC4C72F44CFFA356F2FD9526B4FCAA	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Couri, Márcia;Pont, Adrian	Couri, Márcia, Pont, Adrian (2017): Afrotropical Limnophora Robineau-Desvoidy (Diptera, Muscidae) with the description of four new species. Zootaxa 4216 (6): 501-536, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.242395
03EC4C72F44CFFA356F2FC2E277FFA4F.text	03EC4C72F44CFFA356F2FC2E277FFA4F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Limnophora translucida Stein 1913	<div><p>Limnophora translucida Stein, 1913: 517 .</p><p>(Figs 8, 112–115)</p><p>Syntypes male and female seen in BMNH (Pont and Werner 2006: 104–105; Pont 2013: 113); all in good condition.</p><p>Diagnosis. (Fig. 8) Presutural spots separated posteriorly or wholly fused, sometimes narrowly connected with the presutural band on median line, but not extending on to postpronotum as in L. flavibasis; postsutural dorsocentrals 4; mid femur with 2 preapical setae; mid tibia with 2 posterior setae; costal spine not distinct; basal abdominal segments yellow; sternite 5 much longer than wide (Fig. 112).</p><p>Terminalia. Cercal plate and surstylus as in Figs 113-114. Aedeagal complex as in Fig. 115.</p><p>Notes. A long series of males and females in the BMNH. One male dissected and illustrated. The morphology of the male terminalia is identical with that of L. terrestris Paterson, 1955 (paratype male seen and one male dissected), and the synonymy of these two species is proposed herein, with L. terrestris being ranked as a junior synonym of L. translucida (syn. nov.).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EC4C72F44CFFA356F2FC2E277FFA4F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Couri, Márcia;Pont, Adrian	Couri, Márcia, Pont, Adrian (2017): Afrotropical Limnophora Robineau-Desvoidy (Diptera, Muscidae) with the description of four new species. Zootaxa 4216 (6): 501-536, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.242395
03EC4C72F44CFFA356F2FA1320B6F90C.text	03EC4C72F44CFFA356F2FA1320B6F90C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Limnophora transvaalensis Zielke 1970	<div><p>Limnophora transvaalensis Zielke, 1970b: 142 .</p><p>Holotype male in NMSA (not seen).</p><p>Diagnosis. Arista with very short hairs; dorsocentrals 2+3; katepisternals 1+2; fore tibia with a posterior median seta; mid femur with 2 preapical setae, one posterior and one posterodorsal; mid tibia with 2 posterior setae; costal spine not distinct; sternite 1 bare. Cercal plate and surstylus as in Zielke (1970b: Fig. 1). Notes. This runs to couplet 28 of Emden’s (1951) key, but has no costal spine and a very short-haired arista.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EC4C72F44CFFA356F2FA1320B6F90C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Couri, Márcia;Pont, Adrian	Couri, Márcia, Pont, Adrian (2017): Afrotropical Limnophora Robineau-Desvoidy (Diptera, Muscidae) with the description of four new species. Zootaxa 4216 (6): 501-536, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.242395
03EC4C72F44CFFA256F2F8D12122FF02.text	03EC4C72F44CFFA256F2F8D12122FF02.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Limnophora transversalis Zielke 1971	<div><p>Limnophora transversalis Zielke, 1971a: 291 .</p><p>Holotype female in NMSA (not seen).</p><p>Diagnosis. Dorsocentrals 2+3; fore tibia without a posterior seta; mid femur with 2 preapical setae; mid tibia with 2 posterior setae; lower katepisternal seta closer to the posterior one than to the anterior one; haltere yellow.</p><p>Notes. This runs to couplet 28 of Emden’s (1951) key, but Zielke does not give any characters that would enable it to go further (such as length of aristal plumes and width of parafacial).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EC4C72F44CFFA256F2F8D12122FF02	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Couri, Márcia;Pont, Adrian	Couri, Márcia, Pont, Adrian (2017): Afrotropical Limnophora Robineau-Desvoidy (Diptera, Muscidae) with the description of four new species. Zootaxa 4216 (6): 501-536, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.242395
03EC4C72F44DFFA256F2FED820ACFCE1.text	03EC4C72F44DFFA256F2FED820ACFCE1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Limnophora triangularis Couri, Pont & Penny 2006	<div><p>Limnophora triangularis Couri, Pont &amp; Penny, 2006: 853 .</p><p>Holotype female in CAS.</p><p>Diagnosis. Ocellar triangle cut off abruptly; scutum with a pair of presutural spots running along the dorsocentral rows of setae and reaching the second pair of presutural dorsocentrals; mid femur with two posterior preapical setae; mid tibia with two posterior setae on middle third.</p><p>Notes. Described from Madagascar and known only from the female. Ovipositor and spermatheca illustrated by Couri et al. (2006: Fig. 99). The species runs to L. excisa at couplet 32 of Emden’s key, and Couri et al. (2006) gave the following key couplet to separate the two species:</p><p>1. Ocellar triangle cut off abruptly, not extending far down frons; fronto-orbital plate brown on over upper half; mid femur with 2 posterior preapical setae; scutellum black along sides as well as along base; black abdominal spots larger, those on tergites 3 and 4 reaching fore margin of the tergites........................................................ L. triangularis</p><p>- Ocellar triangle normal, reaching at least halfway from front ocellus to lunule; fronto-orbital plate silvery, brownish only around middle; mid femur with 1 preapical posterior seta; scutellum black only along base, grey on sides; black abdominal spots smaller, those on tergites 3 and 4 not reaching fore margin of the tergites............................... L. excisa</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EC4C72F44DFFA256F2FED820ACFCE1	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Couri, Márcia;Pont, Adrian	Couri, Márcia, Pont, Adrian (2017): Afrotropical Limnophora Robineau-Desvoidy (Diptera, Muscidae) with the description of four new species. Zootaxa 4216 (6): 501-536, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.242395
03EC4C72F44DFFA256F2FC7926B2FA99.text	03EC4C72F44DFFA256F2FC7926B2FA99.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Limnophora trigemina Stein 1913	<div><p>Limnophora trigemina Stein, 1913: 519 .</p><p>(Figs 116–119, L. trigemina trigemina)</p><p>Emden (1951) recognised two subspecies: L. t. trigemina Stein and L. t. vumbana Emden, 1951: 430. Holotype male of L. t. vumbana seen; in good condition. Syntypes 2 females of L. t. trigemina destroyed, formerly in HNHM (Pont 2013: 114).</p><p>Diagnosis. Arista short plumose; postsutural dorsocentrals 4, the first two shorter; mid femur with 2 preapical setae; mid tibia with 1 posterior seta; lower katepisternal seta closer to the posterior one than to the anterior one; costal spine absent; sternite 5 as in Fig. 117.</p><p>Terminalia. Cercal plate and surstylus as in Figs 117–118. Aedeagal complex as in Fig. 119.</p><p>Notes. There is a long series of L. t. trigemina in the BMNH. One male of this subspecies was dissected and illustrated. The other subspecies is known only from the holotype male and was not dissected. Both subspecies differ basically in colour pattern of scutum and colour of calypters.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EC4C72F44DFFA256F2FC7926B2FA99	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Couri, Márcia;Pont, Adrian	Couri, Márcia, Pont, Adrian (2017): Afrotropical Limnophora Robineau-Desvoidy (Diptera, Muscidae) with the description of four new species. Zootaxa 4216 (6): 501-536, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.242395
03EC4C72F44DFFA256F2FA5E26B8F900.text	03EC4C72F44DFFA256F2FA5E26B8F900.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Limnophora trisetalis (Zielke 1971) Zielke 1971	<div><p>Limnophora trisetalis (Zielke, 1971b: 181) .</p><p>Holotype female in NMSA (not seen).</p><p>Diagnosis. 2 pairs of reclinate orbitals; acrostichals in 4 irregular rows; dorsocentrals 2+3 (as in Zielke’s diagnosis, although he gives 2+ 4 in the description); katepisternals 1+2; fore tibia without a submedian posterior seta; mid femur with 2 posterior preapical setae; mid tibia with 2 posterior setae; hind femur with 2 anteroventral setae, in apical third; abdomen grey, but syntergite 1+2 and tergites 3 and 4 with each with a pair of brown spots.</p><p>Notes. Originally described in Spilogona, but it has setulae on the prosternum and a setula at the base of vein R4+5 on both wing surfaces, and so it clearly belongs to Limnophora .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EC4C72F44DFFA256F2FA5E26B8F900	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Couri, Márcia;Pont, Adrian	Couri, Márcia, Pont, Adrian (2017): Afrotropical Limnophora Robineau-Desvoidy (Diptera, Muscidae) with the description of four new species. Zootaxa 4216 (6): 501-536, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.242395
03EC4C72F44DFFA156F2F8DE26D7FF00.text	03EC4C72F44DFFA156F2F8DE26D7FF00.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Limnophora vanemdeni Snyder 1953	<div><p>Limnophora vanemdeni Snyder, 1953: 4 .</p><p>Holotype male in AMNH (not seen).</p><p>Diagnosis. Postsutural dorsocentrals 3; mid femur with 2 preapical setae; mid tibia with 2 posterior setae and without anterodorsal seta; costal spine absent; scutum with an “ Anthomyia -pattern”; dark spots on second and third abdominal tergites subtriangular and large, reaching the anterior margins.</p><p>Notes. This runs to couplet 34 and to L. simulans in Emden’s (1951) key. It differs by the setulose vein R1, shorter haired arista, longer postpedicel, and less projecting mouth-margin.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EC4C72F44DFFA156F2F8DE26D7FF00	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Couri, Márcia;Pont, Adrian	Couri, Márcia, Pont, Adrian (2017): Afrotropical Limnophora Robineau-Desvoidy (Diptera, Muscidae) with the description of four new species. Zootaxa 4216 (6): 501-536, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.242395
03EC4C72F44EFFA156F2FED527ADFDCE.text	03EC4C72F44EFFA156F2FED527ADFDCE.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Limnophora wittei (Zielke 1971) Zielke 1971	<div><p>Limnophora wittei (Zielke, 1971a: 293) .</p><p>Holotype male not seen (in NMSA).</p><p>Diagnosis. Arista with short hairs; dorsocentrals 2+3; katepisternals 1+2, arranged in an isosceles triangle; fore tibia without a posterior seta; mid femur with 1 preapical posterior seta; mid tibia with 1 median posterior seta. Cercal plate and surstylus as in Zielke (1971a: Fig. 5).</p><p>Notes. Originally described in Spilogona .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EC4C72F44EFFA156F2FED527ADFDCE	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Couri, Márcia;Pont, Adrian	Couri, Márcia, Pont, Adrian (2017): Afrotropical Limnophora Robineau-Desvoidy (Diptera, Muscidae) with the description of four new species. Zootaxa 4216 (6): 501-536, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.242395
03EC4C72F44EFFA156F2FD9227ADFC57.text	03EC4C72F44EFFA156F2FD9227ADFC57.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Limnophora zumpti (Zielke 1971) Zielke 1971	<div><p>Limnophora zumpti (Zielke, 1971b: 180) .</p><p>Holotype female not seen (in NMSA).</p><p>Diagnosis. Arista with the longest hairs at least twice as long as basal diameter of arista; 2 pairs of reclinate orbitals; dorsocentrals 2+4; katepisternals 2+2; fore tibia without a submedian posterior seta; mid femur with 2 posterior preapical setae; mid tibia with 1 posterior seta; hind femur with 2 anteroventral setae, in apical third; abdomen brown, tergites 3 and 4 laterally with 2 small light brown spots.</p><p>Notes. Originally described in Spilogona .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EC4C72F44EFFA156F2FD9227ADFC57	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Couri, Márcia;Pont, Adrian	Couri, Márcia, Pont, Adrian (2017): Afrotropical Limnophora Robineau-Desvoidy (Diptera, Muscidae) with the description of four new species. Zootaxa 4216 (6): 501-536, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.242395
