identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
03ED5A70325AFFA8E3F9EBF1FB22FE60.text	03ED5A70325AFFA8E3F9EBF1FB22FE60.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Laubuka indawgyiana Khin & Chen 2025	<div><p>Laubuka indawgyiana sp. nov. Khin &amp; Chen</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: B04A82D9-2AD1-401B-8E54-E26F2BE75004</p><p>Laubuca (Laubuca) laubuca: Prashad &amp; Mukerji, 1929: 208 (Myanmar: Indawgyi Lake).</p><p>Laubuka fulvescens: Kottelat &amp; Nyein Chan, 2017: 3 (Myanmar: Indawgyi Lake).</p><p>Holotype: SEABRI 20192858, 44.7 mm SL, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=96.32813&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=25.241798" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 96.32813/lat 25.241798)">Nant Taung Sal Stream</a> (25°14'30.47"N, 96°19'41.27"E), tributary of <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=96.32813&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=25.241798" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 96.32813/lat 25.241798)">Indawgyi Lake</a>, Mohnyin Township, Kachin State, Myanmar, collected by Thinn Su Tin, Lamin Ko Ko, and Nay Htet Naing, 25 October 2019.</p><p>......continued on the next page</p><p>......continued on the next page</p><p>Paratypes (n=52): SEABRI 20192859 – 61, 46.3 – 47.8 mm SL, 3 ex., same as holotype. SEABRI 20192045, SEABRI 20192053 – 4, 37.5 – 49.0 mm SL, 3 ex., <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=96.28165&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=25.085375" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 96.28165/lat 25.085375)">Nant Yim Khar Stream</a> (25°5'7.35"N, 96°16'53.91"E), tributary of <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=96.28165&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=25.085375" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 96.28165/lat 25.085375)">Indawgyi Lake</a>, collected by Thinn Su Tin and Nay Htet Naing, 16 February 2019 . SEABRI 20192382, 30.1 mm SL, 1 ex., <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=96.29022&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=25.127253" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 96.29022/lat 25.127253)">Nant Paung Sin Stream</a> (25°7'38.11"N, 96°17'24.81"E), tributary of <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=96.29022&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=25.127253" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 96.29022/lat 25.127253)">Indawgyi Lake</a>, Mohnyin Township, Kachin State, Myanmar, collected by Thinn Su Tin and Lamin Ko Ko, 7 May 2019 . SEABRI 20230087 –8, 33.2– 41.3 mm SL, 2 ex., <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=96.39159&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=25.260895" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 96.39159/lat 25.260895)">Lwal Moon Stream</a> (25°15'39.22"N, 96°23'29.71"E), 27 January 2023 ; SEABRI 20230138 –40, 44.3–51.0 mm SL, 3 ex., <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=96.28674&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=25.161705" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 96.28674/lat 25.161705)">Nam Pa De Stream</a> (25°9'42.14"N, 96°17'12.28"E), 28 January 2023 ; SEABRI 20230260 – 61, 39.0– 43.1 mm SL, 2 ex., <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=96.28165&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=25.085375" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 96.28165/lat 25.085375)">Nant Yim Khar Stream</a> (25°5'7.35"N, 96°16'53.91"E), near <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=96.28165&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=25.085375" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 96.28165/lat 25.085375)">Lon Ton Village</a>, 29 January 2023 ; SEABRI 20230663 -675, 33.5–44.5 mm SL, 13 ex., margin of <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=96.29283&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=25.073364" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 96.29283/lat 25.073364)">Indawgyi Lake</a> (25°4'24.11"N, 96°17'34.19"E), 31 January 2023 ; SEABRI 20230778, 42.1 mm SL, 1 ex., <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=96.273796&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=25.134235" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 96.273796/lat 25.134235)">Kone Ma Na Stream</a> (25°8'3.25"N, 96°16'25.64"E), 3 February 2023 ; SEABRI 20230952 –955, 36.5–54.5 mm SL, 4 ex., <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=96.39204&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=25.284647" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 96.39204/lat 25.284647)">Yae Aye Stream</a> (25°17'4.73"N, 96°23'31.33"E), 4 February 2023 ; SEABRI 20231670 –71, 39.0– 43.1 mm SL, 2 ex., <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=96.276886&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=25.085499" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 96.276886/lat 25.085499)">upper Nant Yim Khar Stream</a> (25°5'7.79"N, 96°16'36.78"E), 10 February 2023 ; SEABRI 20231815 –26, 31.1–39.5 mm SL, 12 ex., <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=96.40606&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=25.288969" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 96.40606/lat 25.288969)">Nar La Tan</a> stream (25°17'20.29"N, 96°24'21.82"E) near Chaung Wa Village, 14 February 2023 ; SEABRI 20231892 –7, 37.0– 54.5 mm SL, 6 ex., swamp pool (25°4'24.11"N, 96°17'34.19"E) near <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=96.29283&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=25.073364" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 96.29283/lat 25.073364)">Indawgyi lake</a>, 15 February 2023, tributaries of <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=96.29283&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=25.073364" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 96.29283/lat 25.073364)">Indawgyi Lake</a>, Mohnyin Township, Kachin State, Myanmar, collected by Nay Htet Naing , SEABRI 20244030, 43.5mm SL, 1 ex., <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=96.93888&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=25.30952" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 96.93888/lat 25.30952)">Mogaung Stream</a> (25°18'34.28"N, 96°56'19.98"E), Mogaung Township, Kachin State, Myanmar, collected by local collector, 28 May 2024 .</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>The new species can be distinguished by the combination of the following characters: Dorsal profile of head straight, absence of any markings except roundish humeral spot behind operculum, dorsal profile convex, more convex ventral profile, predorsal outline rising, the highest point at origin of dorsal-fin-base, caudal fin yellow, pectoral fin long with i, 7–8 rays, not reaching end of pelvic-fin rays, lateral line complete with 28–30 scales, predorsal scales 16–18.</p><p>Description</p><p>Measurement and counts are shown in Table 4, and Figures 3 and 4 for general appearance. Body elongate, dorsal profile convex, slightly incurved between dorsal-fin origin and caudal-fin origin. Predorsal outline rising, leveling out to dorsal-fin-base, the highest point at origin of dorsal fin. Thorax and abdomen curved, without keel. Head small, dorsal profile almost straight. Eyes large and placed laterally, visible in both dorsal and ventral views, their diameter larger than snout length. Mouth superior. Lower jaw smooth, tubercles absent. Nostrils closer to orbit than to snout tip, dorsolaterally oriented. Barbels absent.</p><p>Scales cycloid, thin, and transparent. Dorsal-fin origin slightly posterior to anal-fin origin, length of rays gradually decreased from second unbranched ray. Dorsal-fin rays ii, 7½ (25), 8½ (29). Anal-fin base longer than dorsal-fin base, posterior rays gradually shorter. Anal-fin rays with iii, 17½ (18), 18½ (36). Pectoral fin falcate, not reaching end of pelvic fin. Pectoral-fin rays i, 7 (28) or 8 (26). Pelvic fin short, not reaching anus. Pelvic-fin rays with i, 4 (17) or 5 (37). Caudal peduncle short. Caudal fin forked, upper lobe slightly longer. Lateral line complete, with 28 – 30+1 scales. Predorsal scales 16 (17), 17 (13), 18 (24). Circumpeduncular scales 12 (54).</p><p>Coloration</p><p>Preserved specimens pale in ground color, dorsal outline darker, with a faded longitudinal line along midline of body, an apparent dark humeral spot behind operculum. Sides of body and fins with diffused melanophores. In life, body golden bronze, abdomen silver with a black edge in middle and a roundish humeral spot behind operculum. Pectoral and pelvic fins hyaline. Dorsal, anal, and caudal fins tinged yellow, outer margins with black (Fig. 3A).</p><p>Geographical distribution</p><p>Collections were made in streams with various habitat types (Fig. 5) in Kachin State. Based on our field collections and historical records, Laubuka indawgyiana is distributed in Indawgyi Lake and its tributaries, including streams in Kachin State.</p><p>Habitat and biology</p><p>The type locality, Nant Taung Sal Stream, is a muddy stream with weeds on the surface. Both Yae Aye and Nant Yim Khar streams are sandy streams with shallow and clean water. Nant Paung Sin Stream, a prevention area of Indawgyi Lake, is a shallow lakeshore habitat with weeds and grass along its waterside. Nar La Tan Stream was also a muddy stream. Laubuka indawgyiana inhabits clear, shallow streams with sandy substrates and muddy habitats. Coexisting species include Pethia didi, Esomus danrica, Rasbora daniconius, and Paracanthocobitis linphya .</p><p>Etymology</p><p>The noun “Indawgyi” refers to Indawgyi Lake, the type locality of the species. The vernacular name is (Indawgyi Ngar Yin Baung Sar).</p><p>Comparisons</p><p>Laubuka indawgyiana is different from all other species in Myanmar by its unique body shape, convex dorsal outline, more convex ventral outline, and the absence of spot on caudal-fin base. In the phylogenetic trees, L. indawgyiana and L. tenella are grouped into the same clade. L. indawgyiana is distinguished from L. tenella, to which it has the closest relationship, by the absence of a posterior stripe and anterior series of vertical bars (vs. presence); 4–5 branched pelvic-fin rays (vs. 6); and pectoral-fin rays 7–8 (vs. 10–11).</p><p>Laubuka indawgyiana is differentiated from other congeners based on the following characters: the absence of any markings other than the humeral spot behind the operculum in alive specimens (vs. a mid-lateral stripe on body in L. fasciata, L. parafasciata, and L. trevori, a series of anterior vertical bars and posterior lateral stripe ending a triangular spot on caudal-fin base in L. siamensis, distinct vertical bars on the side of body anteriorly in L. lankensis, L. varuna, L. insularis, L. ruhuna, and L. caeruleostigma, both the humeral and caudal-peduncle spots in L. latens, mid-lateral line which is more apparent on posterior half of body in L. laubuca in India and Myanmar); 28–30+1 lateral-line scales (vs. 31–33+ 2 in L. siamensis, 31–33+ 1–2 in L. ruhuna, L. varuna, L. trevori, and L. latens, 34– 37+ 1–2 in L. lankensis and L. insularis, 33–35+ 1–2 in L. hema); 16–18 predorsal scales (vs. 18–21 in L. insularis, L. lankensis, L. ruhuna, and L. hema); and 7–8 branched pectoral-fin rays (vs. 9–10 in L. fasciata and L. myitthaensis, 11 in L. siamensis, 9–12 in L. parafasciata, 10–12 in L. hema, 11–12 in L. latens and L. varuna).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03ED5A70325AFFA8E3F9EBF1FB22FE60	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Htay, Khin Yadanar;Song, Xin-Yuan;Oo, Thaung Naing;Chen, Xiao-Yong	Htay, Khin Yadanar, Song, Xin-Yuan, Oo, Thaung Naing, Chen, Xiao-Yong (2025): A review of genus Laubuka (Cypriniformes: Danionidae) in Myanmar with description of two new species. Zootaxa 5618 (2): 221-248, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5618.2.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5618.2.3
03ED5A703251FFB6E3F9EF03FC80FAA1.text	03ED5A703251FFB6E3F9EF03FC80FAA1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Laubuka myitthaensis Khin & Chen 2025	<div><p>Laubuka myitthaensis sp. nov. Khin &amp; Chen</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: C34056E5-B906-4287- ACE 5-7768F76449D2</p><p>Holotype: SEABRI 20181001, 35.8 mm SL, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=94.180145&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=23.23135" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 94.180145/lat 23.23135)">Myittha River</a> (23°13'52.86"N, 94°10'48. 54"E), near Yenatha Village, Kalaywa Township, Sagaing Region, Myanmar, collected by Nay Htet Naing and Paing Zaw, 22 March 2018.</p><p>Paratypes (n=2): SEABRI 20193215 –6, 37.5–39.0 mm SL, 2 ex., Kalay market, fish from Myittha River, Sagaing Region, Myanmar, collected by Xiao-Yong Chen, Khin Yadanar Htay, and Nay Htet Naing, 7 November 2019 .</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>The new species can be distinguished by the combination of the following characters: Absence of any markings on side of body other than the humeral spot behind pectoral fin, abdomen silver, dorsal-fin-base length less than half of anal-fin-base length, caudal-fin yellow, pectoral fin long with i, 9–10 rays; not reaching end of pelvic-fin rays; lateral line complete with 28–30+1–2 scales; predorsal scales 16–18.</p><p>Description</p><p>Measurement and counts are shown in Table 4 and Figure 6 for general appearance. Body elongate, dorsal profile slightly curved, ventral profile strongly convex compared to dorsal profile. Thorax and abdomen curved. Head small and bending upward. Eyes large and placed laterally, well visible in both dorsal and ventral views. Mouth superior. Lower jaw smooth, tubercles absent. Nostrils closer to orbit than to snout tip. Barbels absent.</p><p>Scales cycloid, thin, and transparent. Dorsal-fin inserted slightly posterior to anal-fin origin, length of rays gradually decreased, very short dorsal-fin-base, less than half of anal-fin-base. Dorsal-fin rays ii, 8½ (2) or 9½ (1) rays. Anal-fin base long, posterior rays gradually shorter. Anal-fin rays ii, 17½ (2) or 19½ (1). Pectoral fin long, falcate, not reaching end of pelvic-fin rays. Pectoral-fin rays i, 9 (2) or 10 (1) rays. Pelvic fin short, small and falcate, not reaching anus. Pelvic-fin rays i, 6 (3). Caudal peduncle short. Caudal-fin deeply forked; its lower lobe slightly larger. Lateral line complete, with 28–30+1–2 scales. Predorsal scales 16 (2) or 18 (1). Circumpeduncular scales 12 (3).</p><p>Coloration</p><p>Preserved specimen brown, with a thin and indistinct black line above lateral line, extending to caudal peduncle, and fainted on anterior portion of body. An indistinct black humeral spot behind operculum and above pectoral fin. Sides of body and fins with diffused melanophores. Live specimens yellow, with silvery reflection, abdomen sliver. Pectoral and pelvic fins hyaline. Dorsal, anal, and caudal fins yellow, outer margins black (Fig. 6A).</p><p>Geographical distribution</p><p>Laubuka myitthaensis is presently found in the Myittha River, Chindwin drainage, near Yenatha Village, Kalaywa Township, Sagaing Region, Myanmar (Fig. 2).</p><p>Habitat and biology</p><p>The species is found in deep water with steady flow and the benthic microhabitat is sandy with rocky ground. Coexisting species include Badis sp., Homalopteroides sp., Lepidocephalichthys goalparensis, Garra sp., Hypsibarbus oatesii, Neolissochilus sp., Pethia thelys, Raiamas guttatus, Esomus danrica, Rasbroa daniconius, and Paracanthocobitis linypha .</p><p>Etymology</p><p>The noun “Myittha” refers to the Myittha River, which is the type locality of this species. The vernacular name of Laubuka myitthaensis sp. nov. is (Myittha Ngar Yin Baung Sar).</p><p>Comparisons</p><p>Laubuka myitthaensis is distinguished from Laubuka siamensis, to which it has the closest relationship, by the absence of series of anterior vertical bars and posterior mid lateral stripe in alive specimens (vs. presence); 28– 30+1 lateral-line scales (vs. 31–33+2); and 16–18 predorsal scales (vs. 20). The coloration of both L. myitthaensis and L. indawgyiana resembles each other by the absence of any markings other than the humeral spot. Laubuka myitthaensis is distinguished from L. indawgyiana by possessing 9–10 branched pectoral-fin rays (vs. 7–8); and 6 pelvic-fin rays (vs. 4–5). It is distinguished from L. tenella by the absence of a dark stripe along the posterior third of the side, anteriorly replaced by a series of short vertical bars (vs. presence). It is distinguished from L. varuna by the absence of short vertical bars on the anterior side (vs. presence); 28–30+1–2 lateral-line scales (vs. 31–33+1–2); and 9–10 branched pectoral-fin rays (vs. 11). It is distinguished from L. laubuca by a shorter dorsal-fin-base length (11.8–13.4% SL, vs. 17.3–18.4% SL); indistinct humeral spot (vs. distinct); and absence of a midlateral line (vs. presence). It is further distinguished from L. fasciata by the absence of a mid-dorsal stripe along the side (vs. presence), a shorter pelvic-fin length (14.7–17.0% SL, vs. 31.2–35.3% SL); 28–30+1–2 lateral-line scales (vs. 32–33+1); 17½–19½ branched anal-fin rays (vs. 14½–15½); 6 pelvic-fin rays (vs. 5); and 8½–9½ branched dorsal-fin rays (vs. 7½). It is distinguished from L. lankensis by the absence of dark brown blotches on side of body, coalesced into a stripe on caudal peduncle (vs. presence), a shorter pelvic-fin length (14.7–17.0% SL, vs. 26.0–28.5 % SL), 28–30+1–2 lateral-line scales (vs. 34–37+1–2); and 16–18 predorsal scales (vs. 18–21). It is further distinguished from L. hema by dorsal, anal, and caudal fins yellow in live specimens (vs. fins tinged orange, with scattered melanophores); indistinct humeral spot (vs. distinct); 28–30+1–2 lateral-line scales (vs. 33–35+1–2); and 16–18 predorsal scales (vs. 18–21). Laubuka myitthanensis is differentiated from L. trevori and L. latens by the absence of any markings other than the humeral spot (vs. the broad dark-brown stripe along the side in L. trevori and both the humeral and caudal-peduncle spots in L. latens; 28–30+1–2 lateral line scales (vs. 31–32+ 1–2 in L. trevori and 32–33+ 1–2 in L. latens); and 6 branched pelvic-fin rays (vs. 5 in both L. trevori and L. latens). It is distinguished from L. parafasciata by the absence of the broad dark-brown stripe along the side (vs. presence). It is further distinguished from L. caeruleostigmata by the absence of a series of short vertical bars on the anterior side (vs. presence) and 8½ branched pectoral-fin rays (vs. 11½–12½).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03ED5A703251FFB6E3F9EF03FC80FAA1	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Htay, Khin Yadanar;Song, Xin-Yuan;Oo, Thaung Naing;Chen, Xiao-Yong	Htay, Khin Yadanar, Song, Xin-Yuan, Oo, Thaung Naing, Chen, Xiao-Yong (2025): A review of genus Laubuka (Cypriniformes: Danionidae) in Myanmar with description of two new species. Zootaxa 5618 (2): 221-248, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5618.2.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5618.2.3
03ED5A70324FFFB3E3F9E8C6FD9BFA08.text	03ED5A70324FFFB3E3F9E8C6FD9BFA08.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Laubuka laubuca (Hamilton 1822)	<div><p>Laubuka laubuca (Hamilton, 1822)</p><p>Cyprinus (Chela) laubuca Hamilton, 1822: 342 (India: “ponds of the northern parts of Bengal”).</p><p>Perilampus fulvescens Blyth, 1860: 163 (Myanmar: Tenasserim).</p><p>Chela laubuca Menon, 1999: 36 .</p><p>Chela (Chela) laubuca Silas, 1958: 70 (Myanmar: Sitang River).</p><p>Chela laubuca: Bănărescu, 1968: 54.</p><p>Laubuka laubuca: (Kottelat, 2013): 119.</p><p>Specimens examined (n=5): SEABRI 20160474 – 51, 5 ex., 27.5–50 mm SL, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=95.73814&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=22.20341" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 95.73814/lat 22.20341)">Tein Stream</a> (22°12'12.27"N, 95°44'17.31"E) near <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=95.73814&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=22.20341" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 95.73814/lat 22.20341)">Sadaung Village</a>, Sagaing Region, Myanmar, collected by Xiao-Yong Chen, Tao Qin, Shu-Sen Shu, Khin Mar Myint, and Thinn Su Tin, 19 December 2016 .</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Laubuka laubuca can be distinguished by the combination of the following characters: Head bending upward, presence of a black roundish humeral spot behind operculum and a fainted spot at origin of caudal fin, a narrow black stripe from middle of body side to caudal but not reaching caudal-fin base, abdomen silver with a black edge in middle, pectoral fin long with i, 10–12 rays; not reaching end of pelvic-fin rays; lateral line complete with 29–36 scales, predorsal scales 14–17.</p><p>Description</p><p>Measurement and counts are shown in Table 5 and Figure 7 for general appearance. Body elongate, compressed laterally. Dorsal profile moderately arising, thorax and abdomen curved. Head small, bending upward. Eyes large and placed laterally, visible in both dorsal and ventral views. Mouth superior. Lower jaw smooth, tubercles absent. Nostrils closer to orbit than to snout tip, dorsolaterally oriented. Barbels absent.</p><p>* From Lalramliana et al. (2017).</p><p>Scales cycloid, thin, and transparent. Dorsal-fin origin at anterior two-thirds of body length, inserted posterior to anal-fin origin, length of rays gradually decreased from second unbranched ray to last one. Dorsal-fin rays ii, 8½ (5). Anal-fin base longer than dorsal-fin base, posterior rays gradually shorter. Anal-fin rays iii, 14½ (1), 17½ (1), 18½ (2), 20½ (1). Pectoral fin long, falcate, not reaching end of pelvic-fin rays. Pectoral-fin rays i, 10 (2), 11 (1), 12 (2). Pelvic fin short, not reaching anus. Pelvic-fin rays with i, 6 (4) or 7 (1). Caudal peduncle short. Caudal fin forked, upper lobe slightly larger. Lateral line complete, with 29–36+1 scales. Predorsal scales 14 (1), 15 (3), 17(1). Circumpeduncular scales 12 (5).</p><p>Coloration</p><p>Preserved specimen yellowish, dorsal contour darker, with a dark humeral spot. A thin black line present from middle of body side to caudal but not reaching caudal-fin origin. Sides of body and fins with diffused melanophores. Live specimens with pale golden-brown reflections, abdomen silver with a black edge in middle, a bright copper green midlateral line which is more apparent on posterior half of body and caudal peduncle, and the black humeral and caudal-peduncle spots (Fig. 7A).</p><p>Distribution</p><p>Laubuka laubuca was recorded from Tenasserim in Myanmar by Blyth (1860) as Perilampus fulvescens . The specimens examined in this study are found in the Tein Stream, Ayeyarwady drainage, near Sadaung Village, Sagaing Region in Myanmar. It was also recorded in Mawlamyine, the Sittaung River, Mandalay, and east of Rakhine Yoma in Myanmar (Silas 1958; Kullander et al. 2018). Prashad &amp; Mukerji (1929) and Kottelat (2017) reported it from Indawgyi Lake. By comparing all specimens recently collected during five surveys in this lake from 2018 to 2023, it is confirmed that there is no Laubuka laubuca in Indawgyi Lake, and the records of Prashad &amp; Mukerji and Kottelat match the features of L. indawgyiana sp. nov. (Fig. 2).</p><p>Habitat and biology</p><p>This species usually inhabits shallow streams with slow and moderate flow water and seasonal wetlands. Coexisting species include Mystus pulcher, Channa striata, Channa gachua, Lepidocephalichthys berdmorei, Systomus sarana, Osteobrama belangeri, Esomus danrica, Danio albolineatus, and Mastacembelus armatus .</p><p>Comparisons</p><p>The color pattern, measurements, and counts do not include characters separating from L. laubuca reported here from Bangladesh and India (Kullander et al. 2018; Sudasinghe et al. 2020). Laubuka laubuca is distinguished from Sri Lanka Laubuka species by having 14–17 predorsal scales (vs. 18–21 in L. lankensis, L. insularis, L. ruhuna, and L. hema); 6–7 branched pelvic-fin rays (vs. 5); and the absence of distinct vertical bars on the lateral body anteriorly (vs. presence) in L. lankensis, L. insularis, L. varuna, and L. ruhuna . It is further distinguished from Indian Laubuka species by possessing 14–17 predorsal scales (vs. 16–18 in L. parafasciata, L. fasciata, L. trevori, and 18–21 in L. latens); 6–7 branched pelvic-fin rays (vs. 5 in L. trevori and L. latens); and the presence of bright copper midlateral line which is more apparent on posterior half of body in alive specimens (vs. a broad midlateral stipe on the body in L. parafasciata, L. fasciata, and L. trevori, the absence of any markings on the side of body other than the humeral and caudal-peduncle spots in L. latens). It is distinguished from Southeast Asian species by the absence of short vertical bars on the anterior side (vs. presence in L. caeruleostigmata, L. siamensis, and L. tenella); and additionally, from L. siamensis by possessing 6–7 branched pelvic-fin rays (vs. 5) and 14–17 predorsal scales (vs. 20).</p><p>Remarks</p><p>All the characters of Laubuka laubuca considered here overlap with those of L. fulvescens, with the exception of a black margin on the caudal fin. The published photograph of Chela laubuca (Silas 1958; fig. 3) suggests that it is in a poor state of preservation and the specimen is imperfectly characterized. Menon (1999) treated Perilampus fulvescens as a synonym of Chela laubuka, which was followed by Kottelat (2013). We follow these works and treat L. fulvescens as a synonym of L. laubuca .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03ED5A70324FFFB3E3F9E8C6FD9BFA08	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Htay, Khin Yadanar;Song, Xin-Yuan;Oo, Thaung Naing;Chen, Xiao-Yong	Htay, Khin Yadanar, Song, Xin-Yuan, Oo, Thaung Naing, Chen, Xiao-Yong (2025): A review of genus Laubuka (Cypriniformes: Danionidae) in Myanmar with description of two new species. Zootaxa 5618 (2): 221-248, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5618.2.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5618.2.3
03ED5A70324AFFB2E3F9E8ABFBA4FAC0.text	03ED5A70324AFFB2E3F9E8ABFBA4FAC0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Laubuka parafasciata Lalramliana, Vanlalhlimpuia & Singh 2017	<div><p>Laubuka parafasciata Lalramliana, Vanlalhlimpuia &amp; Singh, 2017</p><p>Laubuka parafasciata Lalramliana, Vanlalhlimpuia &amp; Singh, 2017: Zootaxa 4244 (2): 269–276 (India: Mizoram: Siaha District: Sala River, a tributary of Kaladan River, in the vicinity of Lungpuk); Kullander et al. (2018): 108 (Myanmar: Kananme Chaung and Chaung Ma Gyi Chaung, Leldee Village; Ann Chaung near Ann Town, Rakhine State).</p><p>No specimen examined.</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Laubuka parafasciata can be distinguished by the combination of the following characters: Presence of a broad dark-brown midlateral stripe from posterior rim of orbit to middle of caudal-fin base, body elongate, dorsal profile convex, slightly concave between dorsal-fin origin and caudal-fin origin, mouth oblique, caudal-fin lobes subequal, pectoral-fin long, adpressed fin reaching midway between pelvic-fin origin and anal-fin origin, short pelvic fin, not reaching anal-fin origin, dorsal-fin rays ii, 8½, predorsal scales 16–18, lateral line complete with 28–33 scales, fins hyaline.</p><p>Distribution</p><p>It was collected in Kananme and Chaung Ma Gyi streams, Leldee Village, and Ann Stream near Ann Township, Rakhine State, Myanmar (Fig. 2).</p><p>Comparisons</p><p>Laubuka parafasciata is distinguished from Sri Lanka Laubuka species by the presence of a broad dark-brown stripe running along the flank (vs. absence in L. hema, presence of dark brown vertical bars on side of body in L. insularis, L. lankensis, L. ruhuna, and L. varuna); 28–32+2 lateral-line scales (vs. 34–37+ 1–2 in L. lankensis and L. insularis, 33–35+ 1–2 in L. hema, 31–33+ 1–2 in L. varuna and L. ruhuna); and 16–18 predorsal scales (vs. 18–21 in L. lankensis, L. insularis, L. ruhuna, and L. hema). It is distinguished from Indian Laubuka species by having 8½ branched dorsal-fin rays (vs.7½ in L. trevori, L. latens, and L. fasciata); the presence of a broad dark-brown stripe along the side in alive specimens (vs. two longitudinal stripes, running from behind the opercle to the base of the caudal fin in L. trevori and the absence of any markings on the side of body other than the humeral and caudal-peduncle spots in L. latens), and minute tubercles scattered on the lower jaw (vs. lack of tubercles on the lower jaw in both species). It is distinguished from L. fasciata in having a short pelvic fin, not reaching the anal-fin origin (vs. elongate, reaching beyond anal-fin origin). It is further distinguished from L. caeruleostigmata and L. siamensis from the Southeast Asia region, in having a broad dark-brown stripe on the body (vs. a series of vertical bars on the anterior half of the body in L. caeruleostigmata and presence of a midlateral stripe apparent on posterior half of body in L. siamensis).</p><p>Remarks</p><p>Although we tried to collect Laubuka parafasciata in Rakhine State, no specimens were collected during our fieldwork. The species comparison is conducted using data from Lalramliana et al. (2017). Comprehensive surveys to understand the extent of occurrence, habitat preference, and biology are suggested.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03ED5A70324AFFB2E3F9E8ABFBA4FAC0	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Htay, Khin Yadanar;Song, Xin-Yuan;Oo, Thaung Naing;Chen, Xiao-Yong	Htay, Khin Yadanar, Song, Xin-Yuan, Oo, Thaung Naing, Chen, Xiao-Yong (2025): A review of genus Laubuka (Cypriniformes: Danionidae) in Myanmar with description of two new species. Zootaxa 5618 (2): 221-248, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5618.2.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5618.2.3
03ED5A70324BFFB0E3F9E8E3FBDFFF6C.text	03ED5A70324BFFB0E3F9E8E3FBDFFF6C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Laubuka tenella Kullander, Rahman, Noren & Mollah 2018	<div><p>Laubuka tenella Kullander, Rahman, Norén &amp; Mollah, 2018</p><p>Laubuka tenella Kullander, Rahman, Norén &amp; Mollah 2018: Zookeys (742): 105–126 (Bangladesh: Chittagong Division, Cox’s Bazar District, Naf River drainage, Domdomia Stream; Chittagong Division: Bakkhali River drainage, Majerchora Stream; Myanmar: Rakhine State; Thandwe River drainage: Nan Chaung, a stream at 3 km on road from Thandwe (market) to Ngapali).</p><p>Specimens examined (n=10): SEABRI 20241852, 37.5 mm SL, 1 ex., <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=94.46344&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=16.419878" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 94.46344/lat 16.419878)">Tae Stream</a> (16°25'11.56"N, 94°27'48.39"E), <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=94.46344&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=16.419878" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 94.46344/lat 16.419878)">Pathein River</a> drainage, Nga Yoke Kaung Town, collected by Xiao-Yong Chen, Nay Htet Naing, and Phyo Htet Zaw, 31 July 2024 . SEABRI 20241853 –57, 35.0– 37.5 mm SL, 5 ex., <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=94.46433&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=16.418682" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 94.46433/lat 16.418682)">Tae Stream</a> (16°25'7.26"N, 94°27'51.60"E), <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=94.46433&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=16.418682" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 94.46433/lat 16.418682)">Pathein River</a> drainage, North of Nga Yoke Kaung Town, collected by Xiao-Yong Chen, Nay Htet Naing, and Phyo Htet Zaw, 3 August 2024 ; SEABRI 20241858 –9, 33.5–37.1 mm SL, 2 ex., <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=94.41106&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=16.330608" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 94.41106/lat 16.330608)">Minn Stream</a> (16°19'50.19"N, 94°24'39.81"E), South of Nga Yoke Kaung Town, collected by Xiao-Yong Chen, Nay Htet Naing, and Phyo Htet Zaw, 3 August 2024 . SEABRI 20241860 –61, 38.9–42.3 mm SL, 2 ex., a stream (16°42'26.33"N, 94°32'37.42"E) on the mid way from <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=94.543724&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=16.707315" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 94.543724/lat 16.707315)">Nga Yoke Kaung</a> to Pathein Township, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=94.543724&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=16.707315" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 94.543724/lat 16.707315)">Pathein River</a> drainage, collected by Xiao-Yong Chen, Nay Htet Naing, and Phyo Htet Zaw, 8 August 2024 .</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Laubuka tenella is distinguished by the combination of the following characters: Presence of a dark stripe along middle of posterior third of side, anteriorly replaced by short vertical bars, abdomen white, body elongate, strongly compressed laterally, mouth terminal, pectoral fin long and falcate, almost reaching end of pelvic-fin rays, pelvic fin short, dorsal-fin rays ii, 8½, predorsal scales 16–18, lateral-line scales 29–32, fins hyaline.</p><p>Description</p><p>Measurements and counts are shown in Table 5 and Figure 8 for general appearance. Body elongate, strongly compressed laterally. Predorsal contour gradually rising, the highest point at base of dorsal-fin origin. Abdomen rounded. Eyes large, lateral, place in middle of head length. Snout short. Mouth terminal. Lower jaw with minute papillae. Tubercles absent. Barbels absent. Scales cycloid, thin, and transparent. Dorsal fin origin at anterior two-thirds of standard length, length of rays gradually decreased. Dorsal-fin rays ii.8 ½ (10). Anal-fin base longer than dorsal-fin base, posterior rays gradually shorter. Anal-fin rays iii, 16½ (2), 17½ (2), 18½ (6). Pectoral fin long, falcate, unbranched ray longest or unbranched ray and first branched ray equally long, almost reaching end of pelvic fin. Pectoral-fin rays i.10 (7) or 11 (3). Pelvic fin short, not reaching anus. Pelvic-fin rays i.6 (10). Caudal peduncle slender. Caudal fin forked. Caudal fin lobes almost subequal. Lateral line complete, with 29–32+1 scales. Predorsal scales 16 (3), 17(2), 18(5), prepelvic and preanal region scaled. Circumpeduncular scales 12(10).</p><p>Distribution</p><p>Based on our field collections and the historic specimens, Laubuka tenella is distributed in the Thandwe and Pathein rivers (Ayeyarwady drainage), in Rakhine State and the Ayeyarwady Region (Fig. 2).</p><p>Habitat and biology</p><p>The stream in which Laubuka tenella was found had an average water depth 0.9 m, with steady flow. The ground is sandy and the water is clean. Coexisting species include Mystus gulio, Pethia conchonius, Pethia stoliczkana, and Glossogobius giuris .</p><p>Comparisons</p><p>The interspecific variation in L. tenella is 0.00 and sequence similarity is 99.7 between Myanmar and Bangladesh samples. Based on the original description of Kullander et al. (2018), the preserved color pattern of L. tenella reported here is different from Rakhine samples, but share the same proportional measurements and counts. The published photograph (Kullander et al. 2018; fig. 1) of the type, shows 6 distinct anterior vertical bars (vs. 2 indistinct vertical bars or absent). Laubuka tenella is distinguished from Sri Lanka Laubuka species by having 16–18 predorsal scales (vs. 18–21 in L. lankensis, L. insularis, L. ruhuna, and L. hema); 29–32 lateral-line scales (vs. 33–35 in L. hema, 34–37 in L. lankensis, and 34– 36 L. insularis); a shorter pelvic-fin length, of 14.9–20.8% SL (vs. 25.4–32.0% SL in L. lankensis, L. insularis, and L. hema) and the presence of an entire, narrow lateral band on the posterior third of the body (vs. a series of blotches along the side in L. ruhuna and L. varuna). It is further distinguished from Indian Laubuka species by the presence of a dark stripe along the posterior third of the side, anteriorly replaced by short vertical bars (vs. a dark-brown midlateral stripe along the side in L. parafacsciata, L. fasciata, and L. trevori; the absence of any markings on the side of body other than the humeral and caudal-peduncle spots in L. latens), and 8½ branched dorsal-fin rays (vs. 7½ in L. trevori, L. latens, and L. fasciata). It is distinguished from L. caeruleostigmata by having a lesser body depth (23.8–29.4% SL, vs. 36.4–40.7% SL); 8½ branched dorsal-fin rays (vs. 11½–12½), and the presence of lateral band on the posterior side of the body (vs. absence). It is further distinguished from L. siamensis by having 16–18 predorsal scales (vs. 20) and the presence of a dark stripe along middle of posterior third of side, anteriorly replaced by short vertical bars in alive specimens (vs. indistinct vertical bars on the anterior side, followed by black lateral stripe ending in a triangular spot on the caudal-fin base).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03ED5A70324BFFB0E3F9E8E3FBDFFF6C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Htay, Khin Yadanar;Song, Xin-Yuan;Oo, Thaung Naing;Chen, Xiao-Yong	Htay, Khin Yadanar, Song, Xin-Yuan, Oo, Thaung Naing, Chen, Xiao-Yong (2025): A review of genus Laubuka (Cypriniformes: Danionidae) in Myanmar with description of two new species. Zootaxa 5618 (2): 221-248, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5618.2.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5618.2.3
03ED5A703249FFBFE3F9EBF7FA6CFD4F.text	03ED5A703249FFBFE3F9EBF7FA6CFD4F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Laubuka Bleeker 1859	<div><p>Key to Laubuka species in South and southeast Asia</p><p>1) Pelvic fin elongated, surpassing anal-fin origin............................................................. 2</p><p>- Pelvic fin short, not reaching or extending beyond anus....................................................... 4</p><p>2) Branched pectoral-fin rays 9, anal-fin rays 14½–15½................................................. L. fasciata</p><p>- Branched pectoral-fin rays 10–12, anal-fin rays 17½–19½.................................................... 3</p><p>3) Branched pelvic-fin rays 6, scales between dorsal-fin origin and lateral line 6½, pelvic-fin length 31.2–35.3% SL.... L. hema</p><p>- Branched pelvic-fin rays 5, scales between dorsal-fin origin and lateral line 7½, pelvic-fin length 23.2–26.9% SL... L. latens</p><p>4) Presence of distinct short vertical bars on the anterior side.................................................... 5</p><p>- Absence of short vertical bars on the anterior side........................................................... 8</p><p>5) Branched dorsal-fin rays11½–12½........................................................ L. caeruleostigmata</p><p>- Branched dorsal-fin rays 8½–9 ½......................................................................... 6</p><p>6) Presence of dense tubercles on the lower jaw............................................................... 7</p><p>- No tuberculation on the lower jaw................................................................ L. varuna</p><p>7) Lateral-line scales 29–32, pelvic-fin length 14.9–20.8% SL............................................. L. tenella</p><p>- Lateral-line scales 34–37, pelvic-fin length 26.0–28.5% SL........................................... L. lankensis</p><p>8) Presence of a prominent midlateral line along the side or on the posterior side of body both in preserved and live specimens. ................................................................................................... 9</p><p>- Presence of an indistinct midlateral line on posterior side of body, or absence in live specimens...................... 12</p><p>9) Predorsal scales 20........................................................................... L. siamensis</p><p>- Predorsal scales 14–18............................................................................... 10</p><p>10) Presence of a caudal-peduncle spot...................................................................... 11</p><p>- Absence of a caudal-peduncle spot........................................................... L. parafasciata</p><p>11) Body depth 18.8–20.1% SL, caudal-peduncle depth 6.4–7.3% SL, predorsal length 61.6–66.4% SL............. L. trevori</p><p>- Body depth 29.7–37.7% SL, caudal-peduncle depth 9.0–10.1% SL, predorsal length 74.0–77.0% SL........... L. laubuca</p><p>12) Lateral line incomplete, lateral line scales 16–25............................................... L. khujairokensis</p><p>- Lateral line complete, lateral line scales 28–30............................................................. 13</p><p>13) Dorsal-fin-base length less than half of anal-fin-base length, branched pelvic-fin rays 6, branched pectoral-fin rays 9–10............................................................................................ L. myitthaensis</p><p>- Dorsal-fin-base length more than half of anal-fin-base length, branched pelvic-fin rays 4–5, branched pectoral-fin rays 7–8.......................................................................................... L. indawgyiana</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03ED5A703249FFBFE3F9EBF7FA6CFD4F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Htay, Khin Yadanar;Song, Xin-Yuan;Oo, Thaung Naing;Chen, Xiao-Yong	Htay, Khin Yadanar, Song, Xin-Yuan, Oo, Thaung Naing, Chen, Xiao-Yong (2025): A review of genus Laubuka (Cypriniformes: Danionidae) in Myanmar with description of two new species. Zootaxa 5618 (2): 221-248, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5618.2.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5618.2.3
