identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
03EA87901127FFABFF4A613CD728FB54.text	03EA87901127FFABFF4A613CD728FB54.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Astrobrachion constrictum (Farquhar 1900) Farquhar 1900	<div><p>Astrobrachion constrictum (Farquhar, 1900)</p><p>(Fig. 2 b)</p><p>Ophiocreas constrictus Farquhar, 1900: 405 -406.</p><p>Asteroschema (Ophiocreas) constrictum .—Döderlein, 1911: 113.</p><p>Ophiocreas constrictum .—Clark, H.L., 1915a: 178.—Mortensen, 1924: 99-102, fig. 1(1), pl. 4(5–6).</p><p>Ophiocreas phanerum Clark, H.L., 1916: 79, pl. 33(1–2).—Clark, H.L., 1946: 176.—Dartnall, 1980: 39, 68 [synonymised by Mortensen, 1924].</p><p>Ophiomyxa brevirima .—Bell, 1917: 7 [Non Ophiomyxa brevirima Clark H L, 1915; see Mortensen, 1924].</p><p>Astrobrachion constrictus .—Döderlein, 1927: 77.</p><p>Ophiuropsis sp. —Koehler, 1930: 41–42, pl. 5(4–5) [synonymised by Baker, 1980].</p><p>Astrobrachion constrictum .—Mortensen, 1933b: 69, fig. 54.—Fell, 1952: 13.—Fell, 1958: 22.— Baker, 1980: 24–27, figs. 6, 30.—Rowe &amp; Gates, 1995: 358.—McKnight, 2000: 40–42, fig. 17, pl. 16.</p><p>Ophiuropsis lymani simplex Mortensen, 1933b: 71, pl. 6 (31–32) [synonymised by Baker, 1980].</p><p>Material Examined. Bay of Islands. TAN0906/3, NIWA 54483 (1). TAN0906/146, NIWA 56330 (1). Far North. TAN1105/9, NIWA 72995 (1).</p><p>Diagnosis. Smooth thick skin on dorsal disc and arms. Radial shields are raised ridges beneath skin, extending to disc centre, but do not meet. Oral plates obscured by skin. Four adjacent or alternating lateral arm plates. No arm spines for first 2 segments, then 2 spines. Several colour variations, either a solid dark red-brown, creamy yellow or black and white transverse banded.</p><p>Description. See McKnight (2000).</p><p>Distribution. New Zealand (3–307 m), Tasman Sea (29–344 m), Kermadec Ridge (122–260 m), south-eastern Australia (18–540 m).</p><p>Remarks. Astrobrachion constrictum is often found with its arms coiled on branches of black coral. One specimen (NIWA 72995) has 4 juveniles climbing out of the bursal slit and clinging to the ventral surface.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EA87901127FFABFF4A613CD728FB54	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Mills, V. Sadie;O'Hara, Timothy D.	Mills, V. Sadie, O'Hara, Timothy D. (2013): Ophiuroids (Echinodermata; Ophiuroidea) of biogenic habitats on the continental shelf of New Zealand. Zootaxa 3613 (5): 401-444, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3613.5.1
03EA87901127FFABFF4A6156D03EFE84.text	03EA87901127FFABFF4A6156D03EFE84.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Euryalida Lamarck 1816	<div><p>Order Euryalida Lamarck, 1816</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EA87901127FFABFF4A6156D03EFE84	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Mills, V. Sadie;O'Hara, Timothy D.	Mills, V. Sadie, O'Hara, Timothy D. (2013): Ophiuroids (Echinodermata; Ophiuroidea) of biogenic habitats on the continental shelf of New Zealand. Zootaxa 3613 (5): 401-444, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3613.5.1
03EA87901127FFABFF4A6175D002FEA3.text	03EA87901127FFABFF4A6175D002FEA3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Euryalidae Gray 1840	<div><p>Family Euryalidae Gray, 1840</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EA87901127FFABFF4A6175D002FEA3	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Mills, V. Sadie;O'Hara, Timothy D.	Mills, V. Sadie, O'Hara, Timothy D. (2013): Ophiuroids (Echinodermata; Ophiuroidea) of biogenic habitats on the continental shelf of New Zealand. Zootaxa 3613 (5): 401-444, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3613.5.1
03EA87901127FFA4FF4A6548D39DFE51.text	03EA87901127FFA4FF4A6548D39DFE51.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Astroceras elegans (Bell 1917) Bell 1917	<div><p>Astroceras elegans (Bell, 1917)</p><p>(Figs. 3–4)</p><p>Astroschema elegans Bell, 1917: 7 .</p><p>Astroceras elegans .—Mortensen, 1924: 107, pl. 4(3).—Fedotov, 1927: 343.—Mortensen, 1933b: 53–54, figs. 37–38.—Mortensen, 1936: 241.—Fell, 1958: 21.— Baker, 1980: 66–68, figs. 25, 32.—Guille &amp; Wolff, 1984: 7–9, pl. 1(a–b).—Rowe &amp; Gates, 1995: 360.—McKnight, 2000: 42–44, fig. 18, pl. 17.</p><p>Astroceras maui McKnight, 1968: 516 –519, figs 4–5 [synonymised by Baker, 1980].</p><p>Asteroceras elegans .—McKnight, 1989: 25–26.</p><p>Material Examined. Bay of Islands. TAN0906/126, NIWA 55951 (1). TAN0906/132, NIWA 56101 (1). TAN0906/135, NIWA 56201 (1). TAN0906/178, NIWA 77659 (1); NIWA 77660 (3); NIWA 57094 (8); NIWA 57061 (1); NIWA 57090 (1). East Coast North Island. TAN1108/253, NIWA 75614 (2); NIWA 77658 (2). TAN1108/268, NIWA 77650 (1). TAN1108/275, NIWA 77649 (1). Far North. TAN0906/154, NIWA 56500 (1); NIWA 56499 (3). TAN0906/162, NIWA 56735 (2); NIWA 56709 (2); NIWA 56707 (9). TAN0906/164, NIWA 56833 (1). TAN1105/9, NIWA 77648 (4). Three Kings Islands. TAN1105/53, NIWA 73308 (1); NIWA 73308 (1). West Coast North Island. TAN1105/137, NIWA 73831 (1).</p><p>Comparative Material. Astroceras elegans (Bell, 1917): NZOI/C527, Star of bengal bank, 32° 30´S, 179° 12´W, 508 m, 18/9/1960, holotype of Astroceras maui, NIWA 448 (1); paratype of Astroceras maui, NIWA 451 (1); paratype of Astroceras maui, NIWA 449 (1); paratype of Astroceras maui, NIWA 450 (1).</p><p>Diagnosis. Disc and arms covered by skin, but ridges of radial shields and structure of arm vertebrae beneath clearly visible. Ventral arm plates do not join in central midline. Five arms (not fissiparous), two arm spines from second arm segment, finely prickly at tip, distally transformed into hooklets. Small uniform granules on radial shields and arms. Though variable, two consistent morphological forms apparent (Fig. 2). One form clearly more tubercular, with numerous irregularly arranged white granules protruding through skin on dorsal disc. Arms do not appear annulated and are solid yellow with dark brown arm spines. Second form with more regularly arranged white granules, not protruding through skin. Arms appear annulated, transversely striped with dark bands of skin.</p><p>Description. See McKnight (2000).</p><p>Distribution. New Zealand (25–705 m), eastern Australia (143 m), Tasman Sea (308–875 m), New Caledonia (350–705 m).</p><p>Remarks. Recently collected Astroceras elegans specimens show remarkable variation in granulation on the dorsal disc and in the banding pattern on their arms. McKnight’s (1968) description of A. maui is closely aligned to the second morphological form described above, while Mortensen (1924) and Baker (1980) describe large variation in granulation/ tuberculation of the disc and arms and A. maui has subsequently been synonymised with A. elegans .</p><p>Arm segments from specimens of both morphological forms were treated with domestic bleach to dissolve the skin and allow examination of the granules and arm plates. There are fragmented plates on the lateral side of the arm which show some variation between forms (Fig. 4). Following Mortensen (1933) we interpret these as fragmented lateral arm plates, although to our knowledge their ontology has not been properly investigated. Despite these differences we have not found any consistent morphological characters to differentiate these specimens into two species. Additional genetic and morphological data are required to determine whether A. maui should be resurrected.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EA87901127FFA4FF4A6548D39DFE51	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Mills, V. Sadie;O'Hara, Timothy D.	Mills, V. Sadie, O'Hara, Timothy D. (2013): Ophiuroids (Echinodermata; Ophiuroidea) of biogenic habitats on the continental shelf of New Zealand. Zootaxa 3613 (5): 401-444, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3613.5.1
03EA87901128FFA4FF4A6658D061F9B6.text	03EA87901128FFA4FF4A6658D061F9B6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Amphiuridae Ljungman 1867	<div><p>Family Amphiuridae Ljungman, 1867</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EA87901128FFA4FF4A6658D061F9B6	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Mills, V. Sadie;O'Hara, Timothy D.	Mills, V. Sadie, O'Hara, Timothy D. (2013): Ophiuroids (Echinodermata; Ophiuroidea) of biogenic habitats on the continental shelf of New Zealand. Zootaxa 3613 (5): 401-444, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3613.5.1
03EA87901128FFA4FF4A623CD2F2FAEA.text	03EA87901128FFA4FF4A623CD2F2FAEA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Asteroporpa (Asteroporpa) australiensis H.L. Clark 1909	<div><p>Asteroporpa (Asteroporpa) australiensis H.L. Clark, 1909</p><p>(Fig. 2a)</p><p>Astroporpa australiensis Clark, H.L., 1909a: 547 –548, pl. 54(2).</p><p>Asteroporpa australiensis .—Clark, H.L., 1915a: 183.—Clark, H.L., 1916: 80–81.—Döderlein, 1930: fig. 6.—Clark, H.L., 1938: 204.—Clark, H.L., 1946: 178.—Dartnall, 1980: 39, 68.—McKnight, 1993a: 186.—McKnight, 2000: 57, fig. 26, pl. 25.</p><p>Astroporpa wilsoni Bell, 1917: 7 .—Mortensen, 1924: 106–107, pl. 6 (8–9).—Fell, 1951: 4 [synonymised by Baker, 1980].</p><p>Astroporpa australiense .—Koehler, 1930: 13–14, pl. 1(11–13), 2(1) (in part).</p><p>Asteroporpa wilsoni .—Fell, 1958: 21.—McKnight, 1968: 519–520.—McKnight, 1975: 61.</p><p>Asteroporpa (Asteroporpa) australiensis .— Baker, 1980: 35–36, figs. 8, 31.—Rowe &amp; Gates, 1995: 362.</p><p>Material Examined. East Coast North Island. TAN1108/253, NIWA 75615 (3). TAN1108/275, NIWA 77769 (3). Far North. TAN1105/9, NIWA 72989 (19). TAN1105/18, NIWA 73011 (2). TAN1105/27, NIWA 73088 (1).</p><p>Diagnosis. Tightly coiled arms run into centre of disc with no defined disc edge. Arms and radial shields banded with white ridges of concentrically arranged tubercles, some with a glassy thorn at tip. Black and white transverse stripes on disc and arms composed of alternating depressed darkened areas of girdle hooks and lighter bands with smaller tubercles. Ventral arm covered with low tubercles. 3–7 arm spines, with several spiny terminal points. Hooklets with secondary tooth on dorsal girdle bands, more noticeable and numerous distally.</p><p>Description. See McKnight (2000).</p><p>Distribution. North-eastern New Zealand (32–508 m), Norfolk Island and Wanganella Bank (150–344 m), Gascoyne Seamount (143 m), southern Australia (24–465 m).</p><p>Remarks. This species was collected with its arms coiled around Primnoidae and Plexauridae gorgonian corals.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EA87901128FFA4FF4A623CD2F2FAEA	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Mills, V. Sadie;O'Hara, Timothy D.	Mills, V. Sadie, O'Hara, Timothy D. (2013): Ophiuroids (Echinodermata; Ophiuroidea) of biogenic habitats on the continental shelf of New Zealand. Zootaxa 3613 (5): 401-444, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3613.5.1
03EA87901128FFA4FF4A6275D0ADFDA3.text	03EA87901128FFA4FF4A6275D0ADFDA3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Gorgonocephalidae Ljungman 1867	<div><p>Family Gorgonocephalidae Ljungman, 1867</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EA87901128FFA4FF4A6275D0ADFDA3	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Mills, V. Sadie;O'Hara, Timothy D.	Mills, V. Sadie, O'Hara, Timothy D. (2013): Ophiuroids (Echinodermata; Ophiuroidea) of biogenic habitats on the continental shelf of New Zealand. Zootaxa 3613 (5): 401-444, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3613.5.1
03EA87901128FFA4FF4A6591D0BBFA7F.text	03EA87901128FFA4FF4A6591D0BBFA7F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ophiurida Muller & Troschel 1840	<div><p>Order Ophiurida Müller &amp; Troschel, 1840</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EA87901128FFA4FF4A6591D0BBFA7F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Mills, V. Sadie;O'Hara, Timothy D.	Mills, V. Sadie, O'Hara, Timothy D. (2013): Ophiuroids (Echinodermata; Ophiuroidea) of biogenic habitats on the continental shelf of New Zealand. Zootaxa 3613 (5): 401-444, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3613.5.1
03EA87901128FFA7FF4A6603D700FE19.text	03EA87901128FFA7FF4A6603D700FE19.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Amphipholis squamata (Delle Chiaje 1828) Delle Chiaje 1828	<div><p>Amphipholis squamata (Delle Chiaje, 1828)</p><p>Asteria squamata Delle Chiaje, 1828: 74 .</p><p>Amphiura parva Hutton, 1878: 305 [synonymised by Benham, 1909].</p><p>Amphiura squamata .—Lyman, 1879: 32.—Lyman, 1882: 136.</p><p>Amphiura elegans .—Farquhar, 1898: 191–192.—Farquhar, 1907: 125.</p><p>Amphipholis australiana Clark, H.L., 1909a: 540 –541, pl. 52(1–3) [synonymised by Clark, H.L., 1938].</p><p>Amphipholis squamata .—Benham, 1911: 152–153.—Clark, H.L., 1921: 106–107.—Mortensen, 1924: 161–162.—Koehler, 1930: 102–103.—Mortensen, 1936: 292–293.—Clark, H.L., 1938: 243–244.—Clark, H.L., 1946: 202.—Fell, 1952: 20.—Fell, 1953: 102.—Fell, 1958: 28.—Clark, A.M., 1970: fig. 1g.—Clark, A.M. &amp; Rowe, 1971: 80–81, 99, fig. 27b, pl. 13(5).—Clark, A.M. &amp; Courtman-Stock, 1976: 151–152, fig. 138.—Fenwick &amp; Horning, 1980: 439.—Paterson, 1985: 91, fig. 36.</p><p>Axiognathus squamata .—McKnight, 1967a: 311–312.—McKnight, 1967b: 325.</p><p>Material Examined. Bay of Islands. TAN0906/33, NIWA 54873 (2). TAN0906/87, NIWA 55547 (1). Marlborough Sounds. TAN1105/156, NIWA 77843 (1). West Coast North Island. TAN1105/88, NIWA 77842 (1).</p><p>Diagnosis. Disc scaled dorsally and ventrally, radial shields contiguous. Primary plates not obvious in adult animals. Two distal oral papillae: square proximal papilla, low and wide oblong distal oral papilla. Three arm spines, 2 tentacle scales. Viviparous, bioluminescent.</p><p>Description. See Mortensen (1924).</p><p>Distribution. New Zealand, Australia, circumglobal in temperate and tropical waters (0–1000 m).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EA87901128FFA7FF4A6603D700FE19	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Mills, V. Sadie;O'Hara, Timothy D.	Mills, V. Sadie, O'Hara, Timothy D. (2013): Ophiuroids (Echinodermata; Ophiuroidea) of biogenic habitats on the continental shelf of New Zealand. Zootaxa 3613 (5): 401-444, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3613.5.1
03EA8790112BFFA7FF4A618AD060FC13.text	03EA8790112BFFA7FF4A618AD060FC13.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Amphiura (Amphiura) aster Farquhar 1901	<div><p>Amphiura (Amphiura) aster Farquhar, 1901</p><p>Amphiura aster Farquhar, 1901: 250 .—Koehler, 1907b: 299, pl. 11(15–16).—Clark, H.L., 1915a: 224.—Mortensen, 1924: 138–140, fig. 19.—Fell, 1958: 27.</p><p>Amphiura arenaria Farquhar, 1913: 214 –215, figs. 1–2, pl. 4(1–2).—Clark, H.L., 1915a: 224 [synonymised by Mortensen, 1924].</p><p>Material Examined. Bay of Islands. KAH0907/233, NIWA 58431 (50).</p><p>Diagnosis. Disc finely scaled dorsally and ventrally. Oral shield variable, but longer than wide, widened proximally, with narrower distal extension. 6–7 arm spines, second from lowest spine sometimes with serrate ventral edge. Two tentacle scales proximally, reducing to single scale distally.</p><p>Description. See Mortensen (1924).</p><p>Distribution. New Zealand (1–99 m).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EA8790112BFFA7FF4A618AD060FC13	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Mills, V. Sadie;O'Hara, Timothy D.	Mills, V. Sadie, O'Hara, Timothy D. (2013): Ophiuroids (Echinodermata; Ophiuroidea) of biogenic habitats on the continental shelf of New Zealand. Zootaxa 3613 (5): 401-444, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3613.5.1
03EA8790112BFFA1FF4A63B7D799FACA.text	03EA8790112BFFA1FF4A63B7D799FACA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Amphiura (Amphiura) correcta Koehler 1907	<div><p>Amphiura (Amphiura) correcta Koehler, 1907</p><p>(Fig. 5)</p><p>Amphiura correcta Koehler, 1907b: 300 –301, pl. 12(30–31).—Clark, H.L., 1915a: 225.—Clark, A.M., 1970: 21–22, fig. 4a–b.—McKnight, 1993a: 175, 187.—McKnight, 1993b: 193–194, 199.</p><p>Amphiura norae Benham, 1909: 104 –105, pl. 10(1–3).—Clark, H.L., 1915a: 235.—Mortensen, 1924: 140.—Fell, 1953:</p><p>101.—Fell, 1958: 26–27.—Fell, 1960b: 68.—McKnight, 1967a: 310 [synonymised by Clark, A.M., 1970]. Amphiura abernethyi Fell, 1951: 1 –3, figs. 1–4.—Fell, 1952: 16 [synonymised by Clark, A.M., 1970]. Hemilepis norae .—Pawson, 1969: 47–49, fig. 1.</p><p>Material Examined. Bay of Islands. TAN0906/33, NIWA 54894 (1). TAN0906/42, NIWA 55001 (1); NIWA 54999 (2). TAN0906/50, NIWA 55075 (1). TAN0906/205, NIWA 77803 (1). East Coast North Island. TAN1108/ 203, NIWA 75265 (3). Marlborough Sounds. TAN1105/147, NIWA 73855 (12). West Coast North Island. TAN1105/74, NIWA 73603 (1).</p><p>Comparative Material. Amphioplus ctenacantha Baker, 1977: NZOI/E118, Chatham Rise, 43° 15´S, 176° 0´W, 496 m, 13/10/1964, identified by McKnight (1967a) as Amphiura joubini, NIWA 77869 (1). VUZ /87, Cook Strait, 400 fathoms, 732 m, identified by Fell (1958) as Amphiodia destinata, NIWA 68502 (1). Amphiura cf. joubini,: NMNZ/BS 545, Kaikoura Canyon, 42° 29´S, 173° 37´E, 1006–1097 m, 18/3/1976, identified by Baker (1977) as Amphiura (Amphiura) lanceolata, NMNZ Ech2279 (1). Amphiura correcta Koehler, 1907: NMNZ/BS 209, off Mayor Island, Bay of Plenty, 37° 20.5´S, 176° 26.5´E, 493 m, 27/5/1957, identified by Fell (1958) as Amphiodia destinata, NMNZ Ech671 (1). Amphiura lanceolata Lyman, 1879: Challenger/169, off NE North Island, 37° 34´S, 179° 22´E, 1302 m, 10/7/1874, holotype, BMNH 1882.12.23.371 (1).</p><p>Description. Disc to 14 mm diameter, arms at least 10 times dd. Disc incised interradially, covered with plates dorsally, primaries a little larger than other plates, about 20 scales from centre to interradial margin, scales smaller marginally. Radial shields 2.5 to 5 times as long as wide, proximally divergent separated by 1–4 series of plates. Plates on the ventral disc surface restricted to a band along the disc margin and a few rows along the genital slits, otherwise naked except for a few scattered plates, gonads visible. Oral shields spear-head shaped, longer than wide, slightly lobed distally, adorals meet interradially but separated radially. Oral papilla wide, extending along the adoral shield, either consistently low, or forming one or two peaks, the proximal peak generally taller, sometimes as high as the papilla is long. Buccal scale small, pointed and often hidden by the large distal oral papilla. Dorsal arm plates two times as wide as long, with a slightly angled distal margin, just contiguous. Ventral arm plates roughly pentagonal, with a straight to convex distal edge, straight sides and produced proximally, narrowly contiguous. Up to five arm spines, becoming four after a few segments, the second lowest longest, 1.5 segments long, often curved distally at the tip. The middle proximal spines have a long slender sinuous hyaline point. Two tentacles scales, one each on the lateral and ventral arm plates.</p><p>Distribution. New Zealand (0–1490 m).</p><p>Remarks. The new specimens largely match the figures and notes of the type drawn by A.M. Clark (1970) with the addition that the distal oral papilla is often produced into one or two peaks and the proximal arm spines usually possess a long slender hyaline tip. This species is known to be variable morphologically, in particular the radial shields are known to elongate and separate with growth (Pawson 1969) leading to a series of names being used.</p><p>There are a number of similar amphiurid species recorded from New Zealand with two tentacle scales, naked areas of the ventral disc surface, and arm spines terminating in thorns, which has led to erroneous identifications. The Antarctic species Amphiura joubini Koehler, 1912 has been recorded twice from New Zealand (Fell 1958 as A. destinata; McKnight 1967). Specimens from the Ross Sea differ from A. correcta in having up to six arm spines, the lower spines (in particular the second lowest) with a bent tip, pointing proximally for the first few segments and then distally near the disc margin. The spines at the turnover have two thorns pointing in both directions. There are 1–2 oral papillae, either cylindrical and elongate, or with a slightly swollen base. The buccal scale is long and prominent. The ventral disc is mostly scaled, only naked or with few scales near the oral shield. The dorsal disc scales have minutely spinose rims. Fell's (1958) specimens from the Bay of Plenty are in fact A. correcta with oral papillae produced into two peaks, while the specimens from Cook Strait and McKnight's (1967) specimen from the Chatham Rise appear to be Amphioplus ctenacantha Baker, 1977 .</p><p>There are numerous specimens in the NIWA collections which are very similar to A. ctenacantha differing only in having a single rather than two pointed distal oral papillae on most jaws. But these specimens can be distinguished from A. correcta in having narrower dorsal arm plates (to 1.5 times as wide as long) and up to six arm spines, the second lowest having a truncate tip with one or two thorns projecting sideways, and lacking the long pointed hyaline arm spine tips on proximal segments. This species will be treated in full in a future manuscript.</p><p>Amphiura lanceolata Lyman, 1879 was described from a small 5 mm dd specimen off north-eastern New Zealand in 1300 m. This specimen is similar to A. correcta in having large naked areas ventrally, an incised disc, two tentacle scales, and five slender tapering arm spines. A re-examination of the type shows that it differs from A. correcta in having a tall conical blunt hollow distal oral papilla, roughly rectangular ventral arm plates, longer than wide, with concave sides, and arm spines that may be very slightly curved but lack a hyaline tip or terminal thorns. A second specimen was recorded by Baker (1977) but this specimen differs from the type in having a mostly scaled ventral disc and arm spines like A. joubini, although it lacks the spinose rim to the dorsal disc plates and probably represents a new species.</p><p>The New Zealand species Amphiura rosea Farquhar, 1894, A. aster Farquhar, 1901, Amphiura amokurae Mortensen, 1924 and Amphioplus cipus Baker, 1977 also have two tentacle scales but a fully scaled ventral disc. The relationship between some Amphiura and Amphioplus species requires review. Both A. ctenacantha and A. cipus can have 1 or 2 spiniform distal oral papillae on the oral plate, frequently varying even on the same animal.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EA8790112BFFA1FF4A63B7D799FACA	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Mills, V. Sadie;O'Hara, Timothy D.	Mills, V. Sadie, O'Hara, Timothy D. (2013): Ophiuroids (Echinodermata; Ophiuroidea) of biogenic habitats on the continental shelf of New Zealand. Zootaxa 3613 (5): 401-444, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3613.5.1
03EA8790112DFFA1FF4A65F1D09DF882.text	03EA8790112DFFA1FF4A65F1D09DF882.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Amphiura (Amphiura) dawbini (Fell 1952) Fell 1952	<div><p>Amphiura (Amphiura) dawbini (Fell, 1952)</p><p>Ctenamphiura dawbini Fell, 1952: 20 –22, figs. 11–14. Amphiura dawbini .— Baker, 1979: 42.</p><p>Material Examined. Otago. TAN1108/67, NIWA 74444 (6).</p><p>Diagnosis. Disc scaled dorsally, naked skin ventrally except for a row of genital scales, and fringe of scales at ventral disc margin. Single tentacle scale, 10–12 arm spines almost meeting at dorsal midline, flattened, ventralmost and middle spines hooked or serrate at tip.</p><p>Description. See Fell (1952a).</p><p>Distribution. New Zealand (26–117 m).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EA8790112DFFA1FF4A65F1D09DF882	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Mills, V. Sadie;O'Hara, Timothy D.	Mills, V. Sadie, O'Hara, Timothy D. (2013): Ophiuroids (Echinodermata; Ophiuroidea) of biogenic habitats on the continental shelf of New Zealand. Zootaxa 3613 (5): 401-444, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3613.5.1
03EA8790112DFFA0FF4A6739D09CFE38.text	03EA8790112DFFA0FF4A6739D09CFE38.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Amphiura (Amphiura) hinemoae Mortensen 1924	<div><p>Amphiura (Amphiura) hinemoae Mortensen, 1924</p><p>Amphiura (Amphiura) hinemoae Mortensen, 1924: 148 –150, fig. 24. Amphiura hinemoae .—Fell, 1952: 15.—Fell, 1958: 27.</p><p>Pandelia hinemoae .—McKnight, 1967a: 311.</p><p>Material Examined. Bay of Islands. TAN0906/36, NIWA 54951 (1). TAN0906/65, NIWA 55252 (1). North Canterbury. TAN1108/6, NIWA 74076 (1). West Coast North Island. TAN1105/78, NIWA 77790 (2). Diagnosis. Disc scaled dorsally, naked skin ventrally except for rim of scales near disc margin. Five distinct primary plates with white spots in the centre surrounded by dark ring. Three arm spines, single small tentacle scale. Description. See Mortensen (1924)</p><p>Distribution. New Zealand (15–684 m).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EA8790112DFFA0FF4A6739D09CFE38	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Mills, V. Sadie;O'Hara, Timothy D.	Mills, V. Sadie, O'Hara, Timothy D. (2013): Ophiuroids (Echinodermata; Ophiuroidea) of biogenic habitats on the continental shelf of New Zealand. Zootaxa 3613 (5): 401-444, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3613.5.1
03EA8790112CFFA3FF4A61ACD098F9D4.text	03EA8790112CFFA3FF4A61ACD098F9D4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Amphiura (Amphiura) magellanica Ljungman 1867	<div><p>Amphiura (Amphiura) magellanica Ljungman, 1867</p><p>Amphiura magellanica Ljungman, 1867: 320 .—Lyman, 1882: 143.—Koehler, 1908: 271, pl.11(104).—Koehler, 1914: 65.—Clark, H.L., 1915a: 228.—Mortensen, 1924: 132–134, fig. 14, 15a.—Mortensen, 1936: 266–267.—Mortensen, 1952: 16–17.—Fell, 1952: 14.—Fell, 1953: 101.—Fell, 1960b: 68.—Madsen, 1967: 129.— Baker &amp; Devaney, 1981: 175.—McKnight, 1984: 144.—McKnight, 1993b: 194, 199.—O'Hara, 1999: 200, pl. 3d–e.</p><p>Monamphiura magellanica .—Bernasconi, 1965: 149–150, pl. 1(3–4).—McKnight, 1967a: 311.—Castillo-Alarcón, 1968: 33–34, fig. L.</p><p>Amphiura (Amphiura) magellanica .—Rowe &amp; Gates, 1995: 349.</p><p>Material Examined. Bay of Islands. TAN0906/96, NIWA 77794 (7). TAN0906/105, NIWA 77792 (2). TAN0906/ 170, NIWA 56995 (2). TAN0906/235, NIWA 77777 (1). East Coast North Island. TAN1108/179, NIWA 77771 (100). TAN1108/197, NIWA 77779 (4). Far North. TAN0906/152, NIWA 77793 (1). Otago. TAN1108/148, NIWA 77619 (2); NIWA 77778 (4). Stewart Island. TAN1108/77, NIWA 77780 (1). Three Kings Islands. TAN1105/35, NIWA 77776 (6).</p><p>Comparative Material. Amphiura argentea Lyman, 1879: Challenger/171, Kermadec Islands, 28° 33´S, 177° 50´W, 1116 m, 15/7/1874, holotype, BMNH 1882.12.23.373 (1).</p><p>Diagnosis. Disc finely scaled dorsally and ventrally. 6–7 arm spines, reducing to five by mid-arm. Ventralmost arm spine elongated and downward projecting on mid arm segments. Single, large, leaf-like tentacle scale.</p><p>Description. See Mortensen (1924).</p><p>Distribution. New Zealand (5–1080 m), Macquarie Ridge (15–1400 m), south-eastern Australia (163–1200 m), South America (1–419 m), Gough Island (1–140 m).</p><p>Remarks. Mortensen (1924) distinguished this species from the closely similar Amphiura spinipes by its slightly more robust appearance. The arm spines of A. spinipes are more slender and the dorsal arm plates and radial shields are more elongated and narrow. These slight morphological differences are confirmed by life history characters; A. magellanica has larger eggs (0.2 vs. 0.1 mm diameter) and is viviparous. While these differences are real and indicate separate species, it can be very difficult to identify individual specimens. Since the distinguishing characters are relative in nature, a range of specimens are required to determine which are more slender than the others, and animals do not always carry mature eggs or juveniles.</p><p>The situation is further confused by the likely presence of additional cryptic species that also have elongated ventral arm spines. Mortensen (1924) recorded an undescribed species with elongated ventral arm spines from the Hauraki Gulf. The 4 mm dd holotype (and only known specimen) of Amphiura argentea Lyman, 1879 from the Kermadec Ridge has a single oval tentacle scale, short radial shields (twice as long as wide, 1/8 dd in length), and a flat rounded distal oral papilla. There are six stout blunt arm spines at the arm base, which can be slightly bent and/ or have a thorn on one side of the apex. By the 17th segment the ventral arm spine is much lengthened, two segments in length, and slightly curved. Distally, the four arm spines are more slender, but the lowest is still twice as long as the other spines, 1.5–2 arm segments in length. The arm spines are not equally elongated as described and shown by Lyman (1879, 1882).</p><p>Amphiura latisquama (Mortensen, 1924) n. comb.</p><p>Amphiura eugeniae var latisquama Mortensen, 1924: 142 –144, fig. 21.</p><p>Amphioplus longirima Fell, 1952: 18 –19, figs. 8–10.—Fell, 1958: 28.—McKnight, 1967a: 312 [new synonymy].</p><p>Amphiura eugeniae .—McKnight, 1967a: 310 (in part) [Non Amphiura eugeniae Ljungman A V, 1867].</p><p>Material Examined. West Coast North Island. TAN1105/80, NIWA 77866 (1). TAN1105/88, NIWA 77867 (1). Comparative Material. Amphiura latisquama (Mortensen, 1924): K7/73/41, Bass Strait, east of North Point, Flinders Island, 39° 44.5´S, 148° 49´E, 421 m, 24/11/1973, MV F52682 (1). SLOPE/32, South of Point Hicks, 38° 21.9´S, 149° 20´E to 38° 21.4´S, 149° 20.9´E, 1000 m, 23/7/1986, MV F93211 (1). SLOPE/48, Off Freycinet Peninsula, 41° 57.5´S, 148° 37.9´E, 400 m, 27/7/1986, MV F93214 (6). SS 04/04/82, Banks Strait, 40° 38.42´S, 148° 47.27´E, 168 m, 25/4/2004, MV F 101722 (1). SS10/2005/44, Albany, 35° 26.046´S, 118° 21´E to 35° 26.244´S, 118° 21.06´E, 900–915 m, 25/11/2005, MV F 112620 (1).</p><p>Description. Disc to 9.5 mm dd, arms at least 7 times dd. Disc petaloid, incised interradially and notched radially, fully scaled dorsally and ventrally, disc plates to 0.2 mm wide, smaller interradially and ventrally, primaries evident but not prominent, radial shields 1/5–1/6 dd, 3–4 times as long as wide, rounded to crescent shaped, proximally divergent. Oral shields spear-head shaped, widest distally, 2 times as long as wide, slightly lobed distally, adoral shields just separated or meeting interradially, separated radially by first ventral arm plate. Two (rarely 1 or 3) distal oral papillae, inner largest, rounded or triangular, flattened, on adoral plate. Outer papilla small to rudimentary, either adjacent to the inner one on the adoral shield, or shifted distally to lie over the second oral tentacle pore and leaving a small diastema. Dorsal arm plates 2–3 times as wide as long, rounded quadrangular, slightly produced proximally, just contiguous. Ventral arm plates 1.5–2 times as wide as long, quadrangular, often with a concave distal and convex proximal edge, contiguous. Up to 5 arm spines basally on larger specimens, reducing to 4 then 3 distally. All spines cylindrical with a blunt rounded tip, 2nd lowest longest and thickest, sometimes slightly capitate, to 1.5 segments. Two tentacle scales, one on each of the ventral and lateral arm plate. Small specimens (&lt;5 mm dd) with 4 then 3 arm spines, all less than a segment in length, and narrower ventral arm plates, just wider than long. Female gonads with eggs 0.1 mm diameter, viviparity not observed.</p><p>Distribution. New Zealand (230–1153 m), southern Australia (168–1608 m), Lord Howe Rise (650 m).</p><p>Remarks. The new material is very similar to the single damaged specimen from an unknown New Zealand location described by Mortensen (1924) as Amphiura eugeniae var latisquama, which we recognise as a distinct species. The magellanic A. eugeniae Ljungman, 1867 differs in having narrower ventral arm plates, longer than wide, and its viviparous reproductive habit (Mortensen 1924; 1936). The species Amphiura antarctica Studer, 1876 from Kerguelen and surrounding subantarctic islands, sometimes treated as a subspecies of A. eugeniae, differs in lacking the small distal oral papilla (Mortensen, 1924; 1936).</p><p>This species could be assigned to the subgenus Amphioplus (Unioplus) on the basis of its oral papillae, with two distal papillae, a buccal scale and pair of infradental papillae (A.M. Clark 1970). However, its obvious relationship with A. antarctica, which lacks a small distal papilla, casts doubt on the utility of these subgeneric distinctions. Consequently, it is retained in Amphiura until a more comprehensive revision is carried out.</p><p>The nominal species Amphioplus longirima Fell, 1952 is a synonym of A. latisquama . The 5 mm dd type, collected from 300 m on the Chatham Rise, is apparently lost, but the type description and figures are very similar to smaller specimens examined for this study, having slightly shorter and less numerous arm spines than the type specimen of A. latisquama . Amphiura latisquama is herein also reported from the upper slope across southern Australia for the first time. The New Zealand species Amphioplus pegasus Baker, 1977 has similar oral papillae but only one tentacle scale and three arm spines.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EA8790112CFFA3FF4A61ACD098F9D4	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Mills, V. Sadie;O'Hara, Timothy D.	Mills, V. Sadie, O'Hara, Timothy D. (2013): Ophiuroids (Echinodermata; Ophiuroidea) of biogenic habitats on the continental shelf of New Zealand. Zootaxa 3613 (5): 401-444, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3613.5.1
03EA8790112FFFA2FF4A66C8D092FF4A.text	03EA8790112FFFA2FF4A66C8D092FF4A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Amphiura (Amphiura) pusilla Farquhar 1897	<div><p>Amphiura (Amphiura) pusilla Farquhar, 1897</p><p>Amphiura pusilla Farquhar, 1898: 191, pl. 14(1–3).—Clark, H.L., 1915a: 235.—Mortensen, 1924: 152–153, fig. 26(1–2).—Fell, 1958: 27.—McKnight, 1993b: 194, 199.</p><p>Monamphiura pusilla .—McKnight, 1967a: 311.</p><p>Material Examined. Bay of Islands. KAH0907/195, NIWA 77877 (1).</p><p>Diagnosis. Scaled dorsally and ventrally. Oral shield with rounded margins. 5–6 bluntly pointed arm spines, reducing to 4 then 3 distally, as long as an arm segment, except for dorsal-most spine, which is shorter. Single large leaf-like tentacle scale.</p><p>Description. See Mortensen (1924).</p><p>Distribution. New Zealand (9–140 m).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EA8790112FFFA2FF4A66C8D092FF4A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Mills, V. Sadie;O'Hara, Timothy D.	Mills, V. Sadie, O'Hara, Timothy D. (2013): Ophiuroids (Echinodermata; Ophiuroidea) of biogenic habitats on the continental shelf of New Zealand. Zootaxa 3613 (5): 401-444, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3613.5.1
03EA8790112EFFA2FF4A6171D092FD24.text	03EA8790112EFFA2FF4A6171D092FD24.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Amphiura (Amphiura) rosea Farquhar 1894	<div><p>Amphiura (Amphiura) rosea Farquhar, 1894</p><p>Amphiura rosea Farquhar, 1894: 109 –111, pl. 9.—Clark, H.L., 1915a: 231.—Mortensen, 1924: 140–142, fig. 20.—Fell, 1952: 15.</p><p>Amphiura parva .—Clark, H.L., 1915a: 230, pl. 5(10–12) [Non Amphipholis squamata (Delle Chiaje S, 1828)].</p><p>Material Examined. Bay of Islands. KAH0907/226, NIWA 58430 (1).</p><p>Diagnosis. Disc scaled dorsally and ventrally. Oral shield variable, but about as wide as long. Five sharp pointed arm spines, reducing to 4 then 3 spines distally. Two tentacle scales throughout arm, though sometimes 1 on proximal pores. Reddish-pink tinge to plates.</p><p>Description. See Mortensen (1924).</p><p>Distribution. New Zealand (0–252 m).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EA8790112EFFA2FF4A6171D092FD24	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Mills, V. Sadie;O'Hara, Timothy D.	Mills, V. Sadie, O'Hara, Timothy D. (2013): Ophiuroids (Echinodermata; Ophiuroidea) of biogenic habitats on the continental shelf of New Zealand. Zootaxa 3613 (5): 401-444, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3613.5.1
03EA8790112EFFA2FF4A6358D06FFB19.text	03EA8790112EFFA2FF4A6358D06FFB19.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Amphiura (Amphiura) spinipes Mortensen 1924	<div><p>Amphiura (Amphiura) spinipes Mortensen, 1924</p><p>Amphiura spinipes Mortensen, 1924: 134 –136, fig. 15b, 16.—Mortensen, 1936: 267.—Fell, 1952: 15.</p><p>Material Examined. Otago. TAN1108/117, NIWA 77768 (2).</p><p>Diagnosis. Disc finely scaled dorsally and ventrally. Six, rarely 7 arm spines, reducing to 5 by mid-arm. Ventral-most arm spine elongated, slender and downward projecting on mid arm segments. Single, large, leaf-like tentacle scale.</p><p>Description. See Mortensen (1924).</p><p>Distribution. New Zealand (22–1378 m).</p><p>Remarks. See A mphiura magellanica .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EA8790112EFFA2FF4A6358D06FFB19	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Mills, V. Sadie;O'Hara, Timothy D.	Mills, V. Sadie, O'Hara, Timothy D. (2013): Ophiuroids (Echinodermata; Ophiuroidea) of biogenic habitats on the continental shelf of New Zealand. Zootaxa 3613 (5): 401-444, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3613.5.1
03EA8790112EFFA2FF4A648AD111F9AF.text	03EA8790112EFFA2FF4A648AD111F9AF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Amphiura (Amphiura) tutanekai Baker 1974	<div><p>Amphiura (Amphiura) tutanekai Baker, 1974</p><p>Amphiura (Amphiura) tutanekai Baker, 1974: 261 –263, fig. 9j–o.</p><p>Material Examined. West Coast North Island. TAN1105/88, NIWA 77787 (1). TAN1105/104, NIWA 77789 (1). TAN1105/115, NIWA 73742 (1). TAN1105/128, NIWA 73774 (3). TAN1105/137, NIWA 77788 (3).</p><p>Diagnosis. Disc scaled dorsally, naked ventrally except for disc margin. 5–6 arm spines, middle 2–3 spinose with hammulate tips. Single tentacle scale over most of arm.</p><p>Description. See Baker (1974).</p><p>Distribution. northern New Zealand (182–390 m).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EA8790112EFFA2FF4A648AD111F9AF	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Mills, V. Sadie;O'Hara, Timothy D.	Mills, V. Sadie, O'Hara, Timothy D. (2013): Ophiuroids (Echinodermata; Ophiuroidea) of biogenic habitats on the continental shelf of New Zealand. Zootaxa 3613 (5): 401-444, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3613.5.1
03EA8790112EFFBCFF4A66D3D32CFD52.text	03EA8790112EFFBCFF4A66D3D32CFD52.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ophiocentrus novaezelandiae Gislen 1926	<div><p>Ophiocentrus novaezelandiae Gislén, 1926</p><p>(Fig. 6)</p><p>Amphiocnida pilosa .—Mortensen, 1924: 154–157, fig. 27(1–8) [Non Ophiocentrus pilosus (Lyman T, 1879); see Gislén, 1926].</p><p>Ophiocentrus novaezelandiae Gislén, 1926: 13 .—Fell, 1958: 28.</p><p>Ophiocentrus novae-zelandiae .—Mortensen, 1936: 287-288.—Fell, 1952: 23.</p><p>Material Examined. Bay of Islands. TAN0906/2, NIWA 54394 (1). TAN0906/90, NIWA 55578 (2). TAN0906/ 232, NIWA 57322 (1). Marlborough Sounds. TAN1105/147, NIWA 77912 (2). Three Kings Islands. TAN1105/ 35, NIWA 77908 (1). West Coast North Island. TAN1105/78, NIWA 73620 (1). TAN1105/80, NIWA 73641 (1).</p><p>Diagnosis. Even cover of spines on dorsal and ventral disc plates. 6–10 modified arm spines (see remarks on various morphological forms below). Large tentacle pores with no scale.</p><p>Description. See Mortensen (1924).</p><p>Distribution. New Zealand (1–275 m).</p><p>Remarks. At least three morphological forms were found amongst the examined material, one similar to Ophiocentrus verticillatus (Döderlein, 1896), with 9–10 paddle-shaped arm spines, and a triangular shaped distal oral papilla, another form similar to Philippine species Ophiocentrus aspera (Koehler, 1905), which has 6–7 arm spines with the middle spines modified into hooks. The third morphological group has 6–7 simple pointed arm spines with variation in the appearance of the disc spines, and match descriptions of specimens contained within Ophiocentrus pilosa (Lyman, 1879) according to Mortensen (1924) and later referred to O. novaezelandiae by Clark (1966).</p><p>There is a high level of individual variation in Ophiocentrus specimens, which adds to the difficulty of finding reliable distinguishing characters (Mortensen 1924). The New Zealand diversity of Ophiocentrus species is potentially as high as in tropical areas, but we are reluctant to separate these specimens until a wider review of the Amphiuridae including genetic data is completed. A similar situation exists for south-east Australian specimens (O'Hara 1998).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EA8790112EFFBCFF4A66D3D32CFD52	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Mills, V. Sadie;O'Hara, Timothy D.	Mills, V. Sadie, O'Hara, Timothy D. (2013): Ophiuroids (Echinodermata; Ophiuroidea) of biogenic habitats on the continental shelf of New Zealand. Zootaxa 3613 (5): 401-444, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3613.5.1
03EA87901130FFBCFF4A6330D035F9F4.text	03EA87901130FFBCFF4A6330D035F9F4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ophiacantha longidens Lyman 1878	<div><p>Ophiacantha longidens Lyman, 1878</p><p>Ophiacantha longidens Lyman, 1878: 144, pl. 10(274).</p><p>Ophiacantha longidens .—Lyman, 1882: 192, pl. 25(7–9).—Clark, H.L., 1915a: 207.—O'Hara &amp; Stöhr, 2006: 41–43, fig. 1a–c.</p><p>Ophiacantha confusa Koehler, 1905: 59 –60, pl. 7(9–11).—Clark, H.L., 1915a: 197.—Clark, H.L., 1921: 105.—Clark, H.L., 1946: 184–185.—Rowe &amp; Gates, 1995: 371 [synonymised by O'Hara &amp; Stöhr, 2006].</p><p>Ophiacantha graphica Koehler, 1922: 51 –53, pl. 18(4–5).—Koehler, 1930: 58-59 [synonymised by O'Hara &amp; Stöhr, 2006].</p><p>Ophiacantha tenuispina Clark, H.L., 1938: 210 –211.—Clark, H.L., 1946: 185.—Clark, A.M. &amp; Rowe, 1971: 78–79, 93.—Rowe &amp; Gates, 1995: 373 [synonymised by O'Hara &amp; Stöhr, 2006].</p><p>Ophiacantha dumosa Clark, A.H., 1949: 18 –19, fig. 6a–b [synonymised by O'Hara &amp; Stöhr, 2006].</p><p>Material Examined. Bay of Islands. TAN0906/18, NIWA 54602 (1).</p><p>Diagnosis. Disc densely covered in spinelets with at least 3 terminal thorns. Distal edge of radial shields visible but still covered in disc spinelets. Large blunt apical papilla and 3–4 finely spiny bluntly-pointed oral papillae on each side of the jaw. Arm plates striated, arms narrowing between the spine ridges. 8–9 (up to 12 in large specimens) thorny arm spines decreasing in length ventrally, dorsal-most 3–4 arm segments long. Single long, sharp tentacle scale.</p><p>Description. See O'Hara &amp; Stöhr (2006).</p><p>Distribution. New Zealand (123–1478 m), northern Australia (16–83 m), New Caledonia (210–675 m), Indonesia (36–245 m), Philippines (176–465 m), Hawaii (468–518 m).</p><p>Remarks. This is the first record of this species from New Zealand waters. The preserved specimen has a dark brown spot or stripe on the midline of the proximal dorsal arm plates, and a mottled dark and light banding pattern on the dorsal and lateral arm plates.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EA87901130FFBCFF4A6330D035F9F4	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Mills, V. Sadie;O'Hara, Timothy D.	Mills, V. Sadie, O'Hara, Timothy D. (2013): Ophiuroids (Echinodermata; Ophiuroidea) of biogenic habitats on the continental shelf of New Zealand. Zootaxa 3613 (5): 401-444, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3613.5.1
03EA87901130FFBCFF4A6349D080FCA7.text	03EA87901130FFBCFF4A6349D080FCA7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ophiacanthidae Ljungman 1867	<div><p>Family Ophiacanthidae Ljungman, 1867</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EA87901130FFBCFF4A6349D080FCA7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Mills, V. Sadie;O'Hara, Timothy D.	Mills, V. Sadie, O'Hara, Timothy D. (2013): Ophiuroids (Echinodermata; Ophiuroidea) of biogenic habitats on the continental shelf of New Zealand. Zootaxa 3613 (5): 401-444, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3613.5.1
03EA87901130FFBEFF4A66E8D10CFE32.text	03EA87901130FFBEFF4A66E8D10CFE32.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ophiacantha otagoensis Fell 1958	<div><p>Ophiacantha otagoensis Fell, 1958 stat. nov.</p><p>(Fig. 7)</p><p>Ophiacantha abyssicola otagoensis Fell, 1958: 25, pl. 4(G, L).</p><p>Ophiacantha imago .—McKnight, 1967a: 307 (in part) [Non Ophiacantha imago Lyman T, 1878]. Ophiacantha vilis .—McKnight, 1967a: 308 [Non Ophiacantha vilis Mortensen T, 1924].</p><p>Ophiacantha sollicita .—McKnight, 1984: 144 [Non Ophiacantha sollicita Koehler R, 1922]. Ophiacantha brachygnatha .—O'Hara, 1990: 297 (in part) [Non Ophiacantha brachygnatha Clark H L, 1928].</p><p>Material Examined. Otago. TAN1108/117, NIWA 74740 (4).</p><p>Comparative Material. Ophiacantha brachygnatha H.L. Clark, 1928: TAN0104/336, Zombie Seamount, 42° 46.07´S, 179° 55.31´W, 955– 890 m, 20/4/2001, NIWA 44650 (40). Ophiacantha fidelis (Koehler, 1930): NZOI/A917, Chatham Rise, 43° 55.98´S, 179° 15´W, 203 m, identified by McKnight (1967a) as Ophiacantha imago, NIWA 79559 (500). S03/84/74, Off Maria Island, 42° 41´S, 148° 25´E, 320–480 m, 25/6/1984, MV F52721 (300). TAN0308/136, South Norfolk Ridge, 33° 23.6´S, 170° 12.38´E to 33° 23.43´S, 170° 11.75´E, 469–490 m, 1/ 6/2003, MV F99716 (500). Ophiacantha otagoensis Fell, 1958: TAN0803/63, Macquarie Ridge, Seamount 6, 52° 29.24´S, 160° 24.9´E to 52° 29.03´S, 160° 24.55´E, 350–560 m, 9/4/2008, NIWA 40089 (114).</p><p>Diagnosis. Disc covered in minute spinelets with 3–6 terminal thorns, radial shields obscured, but visible as raised white bars beneath spines. Dorsal arm plates bell shaped, and separate, though contiguous on basal segments in large animals. Seven arm spines at base, finely thorny, decreasing in length ventrally. Single, narrow and pointed tentacle scale.</p><p>Description. See Fell (1958).</p><p>Distribution. New Zealand (68–999 m), northern Macquarie Ridge (119–560 m), Tasman Sea (785–820 m).</p><p>Remarks. Although Baker &amp; Devaney (1981) synonymised Ophiacantha abyssicola var. otagoensis with O. brachygnatha from south-eastern Australia, we recognise O. otagoensis as a distinct species, differing from O. brachygnatha in having arms that are not particularly moniliform, nor typically curved under their body as in O. brachygnatha . The dorsal arm plates are narrowly contiguous on basal segments of larger animals. There are often notable white bars of colour over the radial shields. Both species have bell-shaped dorsal arm plates, small tentacle scales, and minute disc spinelets with 3–6 terminal thorns. Both species occur in New Zealand, with O. brachygnatha typically epizoic on corals and sponges on seamounts, the arms firmly grasping the host, whereas O. otagoensis appears to occur opportunistically on hard substrata or over sessile organisms. Ophiacantha otagoensis has been found in large numbers on seamounts on the northern Macquarie Ridge (Fig. 7).</p><p>Four other south-western Pacific species of Ophiacantha are similar to O. otagoensis . The tropical Ophiacantha pentagona Koehler, 1897 has strongly noded arms with wide dorsal arm plates restricted to the distal edge of the expanded arm "node". Ophiacantha renekoehleri O'Hara &amp; Stöhr, 2006 has elongated adoral plates that extend around the lateral margins of the oral shield. Ophiacantha fidelis Koehler, 1930 has minute sparse disc granules that are microscopically thorny near the disc centre. Ophiacantha fidelis has also been found in dense aggregations off Tasmania (Blaber et al. 1987) and on the South Norfolk Ridge and Chatham Rise (see comparative material examined above). Finally, Ophiacantha vilis Mortensen, 1924 differs in having a much larger tentacle scale, at least 2/3 as long as the ventral arm plate.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EA87901130FFBEFF4A66E8D10CFE32	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Mills, V. Sadie;O'Hara, Timothy D.	Mills, V. Sadie, O'Hara, Timothy D. (2013): Ophiuroids (Echinodermata; Ophiuroidea) of biogenic habitats on the continental shelf of New Zealand. Zootaxa 3613 (5): 401-444, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3613.5.1
03EA87901132FFBEFF4A6663D07CF9D1.text	03EA87901132FFBEFF4A6663D07CF9D1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ophiactidae Matsumoto 1915	<div><p>Family Ophiactidae Matsumoto, 1915</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EA87901132FFBEFF4A6663D07CF9D1	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Mills, V. Sadie;O'Hara, Timothy D.	Mills, V. Sadie, O'Hara, Timothy D. (2013): Ophiuroids (Echinodermata; Ophiuroidea) of biogenic habitats on the continental shelf of New Zealand. Zootaxa 3613 (5): 401-444, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3613.5.1
03EA87901132FFBEFF4A61A9D631FA7F.text	03EA87901132FFBEFF4A61A9D631FA7F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ophiotreta valenciennesi (Lyman 1879) Lyman 1879	<div><p>Ophiotreta valenciennesi (Lyman, 1879)</p><p>Ophiacantha Valenciennesi Lyman, 1879: 57 –58, pl. 15 (408–410).—Lyman, 1882: 183–184, pl. 26 (7–8).—Koehler, 1904: 110–111.—Clark, H.L., 1917a: 434.—Koehler, 1907a: 292.</p><p>Ophiacantha bisquamata Matsumoto, 1915: 62 –63.—Clark, H.L., 1915: 206.—Matsumoto, 1917: 120–122, fig. 31.—Murakami, 1944: 251.—Clark, A.H., 1949: 17 [synonymised by O'Hara &amp; Stöhr, 2006].</p><p>Ophiotreta valenciennesi .—Koehler, 1922: 84, pl. 16(4), 93(6).—Koehler, 1930: 66–67 (in part).—Mortensen, 1933c: fig. 19b, 21i. —O'Hara &amp; Stöhr, 2006: 62–63, fig. 5a–d, 17 p.</p><p>Ophiotreta bisquamata .—Koehler, 1930: 64–65.</p><p>Material Examined. Bay of Islands. TAN0906/178, NIWA 57071 (4). East Coast North Island. TAN1108/253, NIWA 77876 (1).</p><p>Comparative Material. Ophiotreta valenciennesi (Lyman, 1879): NZOI/P239, Gascoyne Seamount, 36° 41.502´S, 156° 11.502´E, 140 m, 20/10/1977, NIWA 77750 (1). TAN0616/12, Hikurangi Margin, 40° 2.418´S, 178° 8.67´E to 40° 2.652´S, 178° 8.91´E, 749–787 m, 4/11/2006, NIWA 45906 (2). NZOI/ I94, off Norfolk Island, 29° 20.202´S, 168° 10.8´E, 308 m, 24/7/1975, NIWA 79560 (1). TAN0205/74, Giggenbach Seamount, 30° 2.12´S, 178° 43.073´W, 165– 141 m, 23/4/2002, NIWA 4592 (1).</p><p>Diagnosis. Disc covered in short, microscopically thorny, conical granules. Small distal area of radial shields exposed. Six smooth, flattened arm spines with square, microscopically thorny tips. Uppermost arm spine longest, up to 4 arm segments. Two oval tentacle scales, outer scale slightly larger.</p><p>Description. See O'Hara &amp; Stöhr (2006).</p><p>Distribution. New Zealand (88–1105 m), Tasman Sea (132–700 m), NW Australia (110–400 m), New Caledonia (243–468 m), Fiji (255–441 m), Papua New Guinea /Solomon Is (350–412 m), Indonesia (204–1901 m), Philippines (311–465 m), Japan (140–158 m), Hawaii (73–583 m).</p><p>Remarks. This widespread upper slope Indo-Pacific species is reported from the New Zealand region for the first time. It has been collected along the north-east coast from Northland to the Hikurangi Margin, as well as from around islands and seamounts on the Kermadec and Norfolk Ridges and the Tasmantid seamount chain, east of Australia. The preserved specimen from the east coast north island has a mottled black and white pattern on the dorsal disc, and a white stripe running along the midline of the dorsal arm plates.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EA87901132FFBEFF4A61A9D631FA7F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Mills, V. Sadie;O'Hara, Timothy D.	Mills, V. Sadie, O'Hara, Timothy D. (2013): Ophiuroids (Echinodermata; Ophiuroidea) of biogenic habitats on the continental shelf of New Zealand. Zootaxa 3613 (5): 401-444, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3613.5.1
03EA87901132FFB9FF4A662AD34EFE51.text	03EA87901132FFB9FF4A662AD34EFE51.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ophiactis profundi Lutken & Mortensen 1899	<div><p>Ophiactis profundi Lütken &amp; Mortensen, 1899</p><p>Ophiactis profundi Lütken &amp; Mortensen, 1899: 140 –142, pl. 6(4–6).—Koehler, 1909: 173.—Clark, H.L., 1915a: 265.—Koehler, 1922: 192–193, pl. 63(8).—Koehler, 1930: 122.—Clark, H.L., 1946: 209.—Fell, 1952: 23.—Murakami, 1963: 173.—McKnight, 1975: 71.—Irimura, 1981: 22–23.—Guille, 1981: 439–440.—McKnight, 1993a: 188.</p><p>Ophiactis pteropoma Clark, H.L., 1911a: 134 –135, fig. 50.—Clark, H.L., 1915a: 265.—Matsumoto, 1917: 154, pl. 3(9).—Clark, H.L., 1918: 303.—D'yakonov, 1954: 43-44 [synonymised by Koehler, 1922].</p><p>Ophiactis profundi var. novaezelandiae Mortensen, 1924: 128 –131, fig. 13.—Fell, 1958: 26.—Fell, 1960b: 67.—McKnight, 1967a: 309.</p><p>Ophiactis profundi var Novae-Zelandiae. —Mortensen, 1936: 266.—Clark, H.L., 1938: 258.</p><p>Ophiactis plana .—Clark, A.M. &amp; Courtman-Stock, 1976: 163–164, figs. 157, 162.</p><p>Material Examined. Bay of Islands. TAN0906/87, NIWA 55535 (1). TAN0906/105, NIWA 55781 (1). TAN0906/ 132, NIWA 56083 (1). TAN0906/178, NIWA 77742 (1). West Coast North Island. TAN1105/80, NIWA 77739 (5). TAN1105/88, NIWA 77740 (4). TAN1105/137, NIWA 77741 (1).</p><p>Diagnosis. Six arms, often unequal in size due to fissipary and regrowth of arms. Dorsal arm plates triangularfan shaped, narrowly separate from arm base. Single axe-head shaped outer oral papilla. Disc spines absent or rare. Three rarely four arm spines, single tentacle scale. Pink tinge to plates of preserved animals.</p><p>Description. See Mortensen (1924).</p><p>Distribution. New Zealand (55–1225 m), widespread in tropical and temperate zones in the Indo-Pacific and possibly Atlantic.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EA87901132FFB9FF4A662AD34EFE51	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Mills, V. Sadie;O'Hara, Timothy D.	Mills, V. Sadie, O'Hara, Timothy D. (2013): Ophiuroids (Echinodermata; Ophiuroidea) of biogenic habitats on the continental shelf of New Zealand. Zootaxa 3613 (5): 401-444, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3613.5.1
03EA87901135FFB9FF4A6272D1EBF86D.text	03EA87901135FFB9FF4A6272D1EBF86D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ophiactis resiliens Lyman 1879	<div><p>Ophiactis resiliens Lyman, 1879</p><p>(Fig. 8)</p><p>Ophiactis resiliens Lyman, 1879: 36 –37, pl. 13(362–364).—Lyman, 1882: 115, pl. 20(7–9).—Clark, H.L., 1909a: 539–540.—Clark, H.L., 1915a: 265.—Clark, H.L., 1916: 87.—Clark, H.L., 1918: 312.—Mortensen, 1924: 124–126, fig. 11.—Clark, H.L., 1928: 427.—Mortensen, 1936: 266.—Clark, H.L., 1938: 258–259.—Clark, H.L., 1946: 212.—Fell, 1952: 22.—Fell, 1958: 26.—Madsen, 1967: 142.—McKnight, 1967a: 309.—Dartnall, 1980: 40, 70, fig. 14.—Fenwick &amp; Horning, 1980: 439–440.—Marsh &amp; Pawson, 1993: 286.—McKnight, 1993a: 175, 187.—Rowe &amp; Gates, 1995: 380.—O'Hara, 1998: 43–44.</p><p>Ophionereis schayeri .—Benham, 1909: 105 [Non Ophionereis schayeri (Müller J &amp; Troschel F H, 1844); see Mortensen, 1924].</p><p>Ophiactis nomentis Farquhar, 1907: 125 –126.—Benham, 1909: 105.—Clark, H.L., 1915a: 264, pl. 11(1–2).—Clark, H.L., 1918: 312 [synonymised by Mortensen, 1924].</p><p>Ophiactis savignyi .—Koehler, 1930: 122–123 (in part) [Non Ophiactis savignyi (Müller J &amp; Troschel F H, 1842); see O'Hara, 1998].</p><p>Ophiactis symbiota .— Baker, 1979: 39–40.</p><p>Material Examined. Bay of Islands. KAH0907/194, NIWA 58520 (31). KAH0907/195, NIWA 58521 (8). KAH0907/211, NIWA 58429 (1). KAH0907/239, NIWA 58432 (5). KAH0907/240, NIWA 58433 (5). TAN0906/2, NIWA 54393 (8); NIWA 77852 (19). TAN0906/3, NIWA 54486 (1); NIWA 54518 (30). TAN0906/21, NIWA 54693 (10); NIWA 54703 (1); NIWA 54698 (20); NIWA 54694 (1); NIWA 54696 (2); NIWA 54692 (20); NIWA 54640 (2); NIWA 54702 (2); NIWA 54695 (5). TAN0906/25, NIWA 54779 (20); NIWA 54777 (3). TAN0906/30, NIWA 54849 (1); NIWA 54835 (1); NIWA 54846 (1). TAN0906/57, NIWA 55139 (5). TAN0906/60, NIWA 77851 (42); NIWA 77730 (1). TAN0906/96, NIWA 55647 (333). TAN0906/99, NIWA 55685 (1); NIWA 55686 (1); NIWA 55684 (1); NIWA 55681 (7). TAN0906/102, NIWA 55738 (1). TAN0906/105, NIWA 55782 (11). TAN0906/143, NIWA 56285 (5). TAN0906/170, NIWA 77731 (1); NIWA 56994 (15). TAN0906/205, NIWA 77732 (1). TAN0906/235, NIWA 57389 (3). TAN0906/240, NIWA 77729 (1). East Coast North Island. TAN1108/179, NIWA 75060 (88). TAN1108/187, NIWA 75135 (2). TAN1108/197, NIWA 75214 (174). TAN1108/ 213, NIWA 75344 (18). TAN1108/217, NIWA 75392 (23). TAN1108/232, NIWA 75422 (6). TAN1108/239, NIWA 75488 (3). TAN1108/250, NIWA 77733 (4). TAN1108/253, NIWA 77736 (23). TAN1108/268, NIWA 75640 (232). Far North. TAN0906/154, NIWA 56570 (1); NIWA 56512 (1); NIWA 56521 (5). Otago. TAN1108/66, NIWA 77813 (20); NIWA 77797 (1). Stewart Island. TAN1108/77, NIWA 77774 (12). Three Kings Islands. TAN1105/ 35, NIWA 73156 (100). TAN1105/42, NIWA 77734 (6). TAN1105/53, NIWA 77737 (1). TAN1105/69, NIWA 77810 (59). TAN1105/70, NIWA 77738 (12). West Coast North Island. TAN1105/88, NIWA 77735 (1).</p><p>Diagnosis. Dd up to 10 mm. Numerous spines on the disc margin, juvenile specimens (&lt;4 mm dd) occasionally with scattered spines on dorsal disc plates. Dorsal arm plates transversely ellipsoidal, often longitudinally split in larger animals. Two outer oral papillae, up to 7 flattened blunt arm spines basally, falling to four by mid-arm, single tentacle scale.</p><p>Description. See Mortensen (1924).</p><p>Distribution. New Zealand (1–210 m), Tasman Sea (1–88 m), southern Australia (1–520 m).</p><p>Remarks. Several variations in dorsal disc and arm patterning were observed in live specimens of Ophiactis resiliens (Fig. 8) that was retained in preserved specimens. Dorsal arm plates of older/larger animals are often fragmented. Southern Australian specimens are typically olive-green to grey with dark 'blotches' irregularly spaced along the arm. This colour difference may be indicative of cryptic speciation.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EA87901135FFB9FF4A6272D1EBF86D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Mills, V. Sadie;O'Hara, Timothy D.	Mills, V. Sadie, O'Hara, Timothy D. (2013): Ophiuroids (Echinodermata; Ophiuroidea) of biogenic habitats on the continental shelf of New Zealand. Zootaxa 3613 (5): 401-444, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3613.5.1
03EA87901134FFB8FF4A6595D092FA43.text	03EA87901134FFB8FF4A6595D092FA43.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ophiocomidae Ljungman 1867	<div><p>Family Ophiocomidae Ljungman, 1867</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EA87901134FFB8FF4A6595D092FA43	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Mills, V. Sadie;O'Hara, Timothy D.	Mills, V. Sadie, O'Hara, Timothy D. (2013): Ophiuroids (Echinodermata; Ophiuroidea) of biogenic habitats on the continental shelf of New Zealand. Zootaxa 3613 (5): 401-444, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3613.5.1
03EA87901134FFBBFF4A665CD73EFDA2.text	03EA87901134FFBBFF4A665CD73EFDA2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Clarkcoma bollonsi (Farquhar 1908) Farquhar 1908	<div><p>Clarkcoma bollonsi (Farquhar, 1908)</p><p>Ophiocoma bollonsi Farquhar, 1908: 108 .—Clark, H.L., 1915a: 293.—Clark, H.L., 1921: 132.—Mortensen, 1924: 120–122, fig. 9.—Mortensen, 1936: 260.—Fell, 1952: 24.—Fell, 1958: 29.—McKnight, 1967a: 305–306.</p><p>Ophiotreta valenciennesi .—Koehler, 1930: 66–67 (in part).—Clark, H.L., 1946: 187 [Non Ophiotreta valenciennesi (Lyman T, 1879); see O'Hara, 1990].</p><p>Ophiocoma canaliculata .—Madsen, 1967: 142 [Non Clarkcoma canaliculata (Lütken C F, 1869); see O'Hara, 1990].</p><p>Clarkcoma bollonsi .—Devaney, 1970: 5–9, figs. 4,5,10,12,14.—Fenwick &amp; Horning, 1980: 440.—Rowe, 1985: 67–68, pl. 2(3–8).—O'Hara, 1990: 294.—McKnight, 1993b: 194, 199.—Rowe &amp; Gates, 1995: 383.</p><p>Material Examined. Bay of Islands. TAN0906/60, NIWA 77840 (1); NIWA 55181 (3). TAN0906/181, NIWA 57142 (3). TAN0906/236, NIWA 57412 (4). TAN0906/240, NIWA 57509 (9); NIWA 77841 (3). East Coast North Island. TAN1108/253, NIWA 77873 (1). TAN1108/268, NIWA 77809 (4); NIWA 77872 (3). Far North. TAN0906/152, NIWA 56473 (1). TAN0906/162, NIWA 56715 (1); NIWA 77853 (1). North Canterbury. TAN1108/5, NIWA 74009 (2). TAN1108/24, NIWA 74170 (1). Otago. TAN1108/53, NIWA 74260 (3). TAN1108/ 66, NIWA 77805 (20). TAN1108/108, NIWA 74665 (2). TAN1108/117, NIWA 74739 (8). TAN1108/122, NIWA 74812 (23). TAN1108/131, NIWA 74858 (1). TAN1108/138, NIWA 74913 (6). TAN1108/148, NIWA 74794 (10). Stewart Island. TAN1108/77, NIWA 77799 (1); NIWA 77874 (1). TAN1108/96, NIWA 74592 (9). TAN1108/102, NIWA 74630 (4). Three Kings Islands. TAN1105/35, NIWA 77871 (1). TAN1105/53, NIWA 77870 (1). West Coast North Island. TAN1105/104, NIWA 77864 (1). TAN1105/115, NIWA 73740 (2).</p><p>Diagnosis. Disc plates covered in small rounded granules, occasionally elongated near arm base, absent from proximal ventral disc area. Seven thin, flattened arm spines, middle 3–4 longest (as long as 4 arm segments) sometimes with thickened club on end of spine, spines decreasing in length ventrally. Adoral shields meet proximally to oral shield. Two leaf-like tentacle scales throughout arm. Disc, arms and arm spines dark red when live, pale grey or brown when preserved.</p><p>Description. See Mortensen (1924).</p><p>Distribution. New Zealand (1–366 m), Gascoyne Seamount (143 m), southern Australia (9–630 m).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EA87901134FFBBFF4A665CD73EFDA2	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Mills, V. Sadie;O'Hara, Timothy D.	Mills, V. Sadie, O'Hara, Timothy D. (2013): Ophiuroids (Echinodermata; Ophiuroidea) of biogenic habitats on the continental shelf of New Zealand. Zootaxa 3613 (5): 401-444, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3613.5.1
03EA87901137FFBBFF4A6507D094F83C.text	03EA87901137FFBBFF4A6507D094F83C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cryptopelta tarltoni Baker 1974	<div><p>Cryptopelta tarltoni Baker, 1974</p><p>(Fig. 9)</p><p>Cryptopelta tarltoni Baker, 1974: 255 –259, figs. 6, 7.— Baker, 1979: 35.</p><p>Material Examined. Bay of Islands. TAN0906/93, NIWA 55586 (1). TAN0906/96, NIWA 77919 (1). TAN0906/ 140, NIWA 56234 (1). TAN0906/240, NIWA 77918 (1). East Coast North Island. TAN1108/268, NIWA 77917 (1).</p><p>Diagnosis. Dorsal and ventral disc covered in small granules, except for oral shield, scattered elongate granules at disc margin. Granules extend onto first lateral arm plate. Seven adpressed arm spines, as long as an arm segment. Single large tentacle scale.</p><p>Description. See Baker (1974).</p><p>Distribution. northern New Zealand (1–151 m).</p><p>Remarks. Cryptopelta tarltoni is predominantly found around off Northland, New Zealand, only occasionally being found as far south as East Cape or Cook Strait. It is easily distinguished from other New Zealand ophiodermatids by the striking orange disc with contrasting darker banded arms, and the presence of scattered elongate granules on the dorsal disc surface.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EA87901137FFBBFF4A6507D094F83C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Mills, V. Sadie;O'Hara, Timothy D.	Mills, V. Sadie, O'Hara, Timothy D. (2013): Ophiuroids (Echinodermata; Ophiuroidea) of biogenic habitats on the continental shelf of New Zealand. Zootaxa 3613 (5): 401-444, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3613.5.1
03EA87901137FFBBFF4A655DD0BBFABB.text	03EA87901137FFBBFF4A655DD0BBFABB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ophiodermatidae Ljungman 1867	<div><p>Family Ophiodermatidae Ljungman, 1867</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EA87901137FFBBFF4A655DD0BBFABB	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Mills, V. Sadie;O'Hara, Timothy D.	Mills, V. Sadie, O'Hara, Timothy D. (2013): Ophiuroids (Echinodermata; Ophiuroidea) of biogenic habitats on the continental shelf of New Zealand. Zootaxa 3613 (5): 401-444, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3613.5.1
03EA87901137FFBBFF4A62D9D092FB29.text	03EA87901137FFBBFF4A62D9D092FB29.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ophiopteris antipodum E.A. Smith 1877	<div><p>Ophiopteris antipodum E.A. Smith, 1877</p><p>Ophiopteris antipodum Smith, E.A., 1877: 306, pl. 15.—Lyman, 1882: 176.—Farquhar, 1898: 192.—Clark, H.L., 1915a: 294.—Clark, H.L., 1921: 132.—Mortensen, 1924: 122–123, fig. 10.—Fell, 1951: 4.—Fell, 1952: 24.</p><p>Material Examined. Bay of Islands. TAN0906/25, NIWA 54778 (1). East Coast North Island. TAN1108/197, NIWA 77795 (2). TAN1108/239, NIWA 75487 (3). TAN1108/268, NIWA 77796 (1); NIWA 75641 (27). Marlborough Sounds. TAN1105/156, NIWA 73875 (2). Otago. TAN1108/66, NIWA 74365 (8); NIWA 74361 (1). TAN1108/138, NIWA 77802 (1). Stewart Island. TAN1108/77, NIWA 74490 (3).</p><p>Diagnosis. Dense cover of rounded granules on dorsal disc and first 2 dorsal arm plates, short blunt spines at disc margin and ventral disc. Upper arm spine modified into a square flat scale. Five arm spines, reducing to 4 beyond base, thick, flattened and square-tipped. Middle arm spine longest, up to 4 arm segments in length, reducing in length to ventral-most arm spine at just over 1 segment in length. Arm plates not markedly wider than long. Single tentacle scale. Dark purple/red disc, arm plates and arm spines in live and preserved animals.</p><p>Description. See Mortensen (1924).</p><p>Distribution. New Zealand (1–105 m).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EA87901137FFBBFF4A62D9D092FB29	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Mills, V. Sadie;O'Hara, Timothy D.	Mills, V. Sadie, O'Hara, Timothy D. (2013): Ophiuroids (Echinodermata; Ophiuroidea) of biogenic habitats on the continental shelf of New Zealand. Zootaxa 3613 (5): 401-444, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3613.5.1
03EA87901139FFB5FF4A60C1D1F4FB0F.text	03EA87901139FFB5FF4A60C1D1F4FB0F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ophiopeza cylindrica (Hutton 1872) Hutton 1872	<div><p>Ophiopeza cylindrica (Hutton, 1872)</p><p>Ophiura cylindrica Hutton, 1872: 3 –4.</p><p>Pectinura arenosa Lyman, 1879: 48, pl. 14(392–394).—Lyman, 1882: 15–16, pl. 23(10–12).—Clark, H.L., 1909b: 116.—Clark, H.L., 1915a: 303.—Clark, H.L., 1921: 141.—Clark, H.L., 1928: 442.—Clark, H.L., 1946: 257.—Dartnall, 1980: 42, 71.</p><p>Ophiopeza cylindrica .—Farquhar, 1895: 198–199.—Vail &amp; Rowe, 1989: 269–273, fig. 1(a–c), 2(a–b).—Marsh, 1991: 464–465.—McKnight, 1993b: 194, 199.—Rowe &amp; Gates, 1995: 400.—O'Hara, 1998: 47–48.</p><p>Pectinura cylindrica .—Clark, H.L., 1909b: 117.—Clark, H.L., 1915a: 303, pl. 17(4–5).—Mortensen, 1936: 301.—McKnight, 1967a: 306.</p><p>Pectinura gracilis Mortensen, 1924: 173 –176, figs. 35(3–5), 36.—Fell, 1952: 25.—Fell, 1953: 102–103.—Fell, 1960b: 69.—McKnight, 1967a: 307.</p><p>Pectinura exilis .—Koehler, 1930: 270 (in part) [Non Ophiopsammus exilis (Koehler R, 1905); see O'Hara, 1998].</p><p>Ophiopeza gracilis .—Fenwick &amp; Horning, 1980: 440.</p><p>Non Ophiopeza arenosa .— Baker, 1982: 431–433, fig. 10:18c [= Ophiopsammus assimilis (Bell F J, 1888); see Vail &amp; Rowe, 1989].</p><p>Non Pectinura cylindrica .—Farquhar, 1898: 190, pl. 14(4–5) [= Ophiopsammus assimilis (Bell F J, 1888); see Vail &amp; Rowe, 1989].</p><p>Material Examined. East Coast North Island. TAN1108/179, NIWA 77775 (2). Far North. TAN0906/152, NIWA 56450 (2). Otago. TAN1108/63, NIWA 77801 (1). TAN1108/66, NIWA 74367 (1); NIWA 74367 (2). TAN1108/67, NIWA 77858 (4). TAN1108/148, NIWA 77859 (2). Stewart Island. TAN1108/77, NIWA 77857 (5). Three Kings Islands. TAN1105/35, NIWA 77860 (4).</p><p>Diagnosis. Disc covered in small rounded granules, radial shields separated by 3 disc plates but usually obscured by granules, oral shields exposed. One (rarely 2) supplementary distal oral shields present, also free of granules. Adoral shields with covering of granules. Arm spines 6–8 (rarely to 10) proximally, then 5 distally, erect, pointed, increasing in length ventrally. Two tentacle scales, outer one lying over the base of the ventral arm spine, reducing to 1 distally. Snake-skin patterning on dorsal disc, variable, dark and light banding on dorsal arms in preserved specimens. Ventral disc and arms pale cream.</p><p>Description. See Vail &amp; Rowe (1989).</p><p>Distribution. New Zealand (1–348 m), southern Australia (18–150 m).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EA87901139FFB5FF4A60C1D1F4FB0F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Mills, V. Sadie;O'Hara, Timothy D.	Mills, V. Sadie, O'Hara, Timothy D. (2013): Ophiuroids (Echinodermata; Ophiuroidea) of biogenic habitats on the continental shelf of New Zealand. Zootaxa 3613 (5): 401-444, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3613.5.1
03EA87901139FFB7FF4A64B3D65FFDC1.text	03EA87901139FFB7FF4A64B3D65FFDC1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ophiopsammus assimilis (Bell 1888) Bell 1888	<div><p>Ophiopsammus assimilis (Bell, 1888)</p><p>(Fig. 10 d–f)</p><p>Ophiopeza assimilis Bell, 1888: 282, pl. 16(5).</p><p>Pectinura cylindrica .—Farquhar, 1898: 190, pl. 14(4–5).—Mortensen, 1924: 172–173, fig. 35(1–2) [Non Ophiopeza cylindrica (Hutton F W, 1872); see Vail &amp; Rowe, 1989].</p><p>Pectinura dyscrita Clark, H.L., 1909a: 534 –535, pl. 49(5–7).—Clark, H.L., 1914b: 152.—Clark, H.L., 1915a: 303.—Clark, H.L., 1946: 256 [synonymised by Vail &amp; Rowe, 1989].</p><p>Pectinura assimilis .—Clark, H.L., 1909b: 118.—Clark, H.L., 1915a: 303.—Clark, H.L., 1928: 442–443.—Clark, H.L., 1938: 343.—Clark, H.L., 1946: 257.</p><p>Pectinura nigra Clark, H.L., 1938: 344 –345.—Clark, H.L., 1946: 256–257 [synonymised by Vail &amp; Rowe, 1989].</p><p>Ophiopsammus assimilis .—Vail &amp; Rowe, 1989: 280–283, fig. 7(a–c).—Marsh, 1991: 465.—Rowe &amp; Gates, 1995: 401.</p><p>? Ophiopeza yoldii .—Lyman, 1882: 12 [Non Ophiopsammus yoldii (Lütken C F, 1856)].</p><p>? Ophiopeza arenosa .— Baker, 1982: 431–433, fig. 10:18c [Non Ophiopeza cylindrica (Hutton F W, 1872); see Vail &amp; Rowe, 1989].</p><p>Material Examined. Bay of Islands. TAN0906/68, NIWA 55232 (1). TAN0906/178, NIWA 77848 (1). East Coast North Island. TAN1108/233, NIWA 77875 (1). TAN1108/253, NIWA 77804 (2). TAN1108/275, NIWA 75676 (11); NIWA 75676 (11). Far North. TAN0906/164, NIWA 56810 (1). Three Kings Islands. TAN1105/42, NIWA 77808 (1). TAN1105/70, NIWA 73579 (2). West Coast North Island. TAN1105/104, NIWA 73694 (10). TAN1105/115, NIWA 73741 (3); NIWA 73743 (2). TAN1105/128, NIWA 73773 (1). TAN1105/137, NIWA 73833 (14).</p><p>Diagnosis. Large, dd to 29 mm, arms to 5 times disc diameter. Dorsal and ventral disc, and adoral shields covered in small granules. Radial shields separated by up to 7 disc plates but usually covered by disc granules. Wide dorsal arm plates with dark and light pink banding, often fragmented in large specimens. Nine (rarely to 11) adpressed blunt arm spines, reducing to 5 distally. Juvenile specimen with 6 arm spines (NIWA 73579). Ventralmost arm spine slightly wider than the rest. Two tentacle scales, inner scale longer.</p><p>Description. See Vail &amp; Rowe (1989).</p><p>Distribution. northern New Zealand (79–238 m), southern Australia (1–594 m).</p><p>Remarks. This new material has extended the range of the two Ophiopsammus species in New Zealand waters, and has provided new information about their colour in life (Fig. 10). There are clear differences in patterning between Ophiopsammus assimilis and Ophiopsammus maculata, which is retained in preserved material. The dorsal and ventral disc, and dorsal arms of O. maculata are covered in small red spots (Fig. 10 a–c), whereas O. assimilis has few red spots on the oral shields and scattered spots on the ventral surface of the disc (Fig. 10 e–f), and a white and red banding pattern on the distal ends of the arms (Fig. 10 d).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EA87901139FFB7FF4A64B3D65FFDC1	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Mills, V. Sadie;O'Hara, Timothy D.	Mills, V. Sadie, O'Hara, Timothy D. (2013): Ophiuroids (Echinodermata; Ophiuroidea) of biogenic habitats on the continental shelf of New Zealand. Zootaxa 3613 (5): 401-444, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3613.5.1
03EA8790113BFFB7FF4A664DD090F9AB.text	03EA8790113BFFB7FF4A664DD090F9AB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ophiomyxidae Ljungman 1867	<div><p>Family Ophiomyxidae Ljungman, 1867</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EA8790113BFFB7FF4A664DD090F9AB	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Mills, V. Sadie;O'Hara, Timothy D.	Mills, V. Sadie, O'Hara, Timothy D. (2013): Ophiuroids (Echinodermata; Ophiuroidea) of biogenic habitats on the continental shelf of New Zealand. Zootaxa 3613 (5): 401-444, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3613.5.1
03EA8790113BFFB7FF4A62E2D009FA59.text	03EA8790113BFFB7FF4A62E2D009FA59.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ophiopsammus maculata (Verrill 1869) Verrill 1869	<div><p>Ophiopsammus maculata (Verrill, 1869)</p><p>Fig. 10 a–c</p><p>Ophiura maculata Hutton, 1872: 3 .</p><p>Pectinura maculata .—Lyman, 1879: 49.—Lyman, 1882: 15.—Farquhar, 1898: 190–191.—Benham, 1909: 105.—Clark, H.L., 1909b: 118.—Clark, H.L., 1915a: 303.—Mortensen, 1924: 176.—Fell, 1952: 24–25.—Fell, 1960b: 69.—McKnight, 1967a: 307.</p><p>Ophiopsammus maculata .—Vail &amp; Rowe, 1989: fig. 9b.—McKnight, 1993b: 194, 199.</p><p>Material Examined. Bay of Islands. KAH0907/211, NIWA 58428 (1). TAN0906/3, NIWA 77850 (1). Otago. TAN1108/63, NIWA 74322 (42). TAN1108/66, NIWA 74360 (1); NIWA 74364 (24). TAN1108/67, NIWA 74449 (5). TAN1108/108, NIWA 74664 (10). TAN1108/117, NIWA 74738 (2). Stewart Island. TAN1108/76, NIWA 74473 (1). TAN1108/77, NIWA 74488 (53).</p><p>Diagnosis. Large, dd to 48 mm, arms to 4 times disc diameter. Disc covered in small rounded granules, radial shields obscured, oral shields exposed. Supplementary distal oral shields present, also free of granules. Adoral shields with covering of granules. Dorsal arm carinate, plates occasionally split in large specimens. 10–11 adpressed blunt arm spines, reducing to 8 in distal arm. Ventral 2 spines square tipped, rest rounded. Two tentacle scales.</p><p>Description. See Vail &amp; Rowe (1989).</p><p>Distribution. New Zealand (1–340 m).</p><p>Remarks. This large and common shallow water ophiuroid is instantly recognisable by its relatively large size (dd up to 48 mm), dark crimson disc, and distinctive dense covering of small red spots over its dorsal and ventral disc, and dorsal arms (Fig. 10 a–c).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EA8790113BFFB7FF4A62E2D009FA59	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Mills, V. Sadie;O'Hara, Timothy D.	Mills, V. Sadie, O'Hara, Timothy D. (2013): Ophiuroids (Echinodermata; Ophiuroidea) of biogenic habitats on the continental shelf of New Zealand. Zootaxa 3613 (5): 401-444, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3613.5.1
03EA8790113BFFB6FF4A6637D625FA4A.text	03EA8790113BFFB6FF4A6637D625FA4A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ophiobyrsa intorta (Koehler 1922) Koehler 1922	<div><p>Ophiobyrsa intorta (Koehler, 1922)</p><p>Figs.11–12</p><p>Ophiobyrsella intorta Koehler, 1922: 27 –29, pl. 4(2–5), 92(4).</p><p>Ophiobyrsa rudis .—Koehler, 1930: 49 (in part) [Non Ophiobyrsa rudis Lyman T, 1878; see O'Hara, 1998]. Ophiobyrsa intorta .—Clark, A.M., 1965: 39–40.—O'Hara, 1998: 42.</p><p>Material Examined. East Coast North Island. TAN1108/250, NIWA 75542 (1).</p><p>Comparative Material. Ophiobyrsa intorta (Koehler, 1922): TAN0413/130, Mahina Knoll, Bay of Plenty, 37° 21.34´S, 177° 5.98´E to 37° 21.29´S, 177° 6.22´E, 260–280 m, 14/11/2004, NIWA 14814 (1). TAN0413/140, Mahina Knoll, Bay of Plenty, 37° 21.35´S, 177° 6.09´E to 37° 21.21´S, 177° 6.08´E, 259–294 m, 14/11/2004, NIWA 14811 (1).</p><p>Diagnosis. Numerous small spines covering entire disc surface dorsally and ventrally. Two (rarely fewer) oral papillae on each jaw side. 4–5 arm spines at arm base, distalmost spines transformed into denticulate hooks. Single, very small tentacle scale.</p><p>Description. See Koehler (1922a).</p><p>Distribution. New Zealand (110–294 m), Indonesia (300 m), Philippines (969–1346 m).</p><p>Remarks. Two specimens collected from the Bay of Plenty (NIWA 14811, 14814) have been identified as O. intorta . Each has five arm spines and two oral papillae, though sometimes only a single oral papilla is visible on the side of the oral plates, suggesting that these are easily lost and not a reliable character. These specimens represent the first records of this genus and species in New Zealand waters.</p><p>The single specimen collected from Ranfurly Bank (NIWA 75542, Figs. 11–12), with a disc diameter intermediate to the two specimens collected in the Bay of Plenty, differs in having seven arm spines at the arm base, reducing to six by mid arm, and only a single oral papilla at each side of the oral plates. The paucity of specimens prevents any further determination or dissection to examine skin-covered plates at this time, but it is possible that there is more than one species of Ophiobyrsa in New Zealand waters.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EA8790113BFFB6FF4A6637D625FA4A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Mills, V. Sadie;O'Hara, Timothy D.	Mills, V. Sadie, O'Hara, Timothy D. (2013): Ophiuroids (Echinodermata; Ophiuroidea) of biogenic habitats on the continental shelf of New Zealand. Zootaxa 3613 (5): 401-444, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3613.5.1
03EA8790113AFFB1FF4A664CD119FBE4.text	03EA8790113AFFB1FF4A664CD119FBE4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ophiologimus prolifer (Studer 1882) Studer 1882	<div><p>Ophiologimus prolifer (Studer, 1882)</p><p>Ophioscolex prolifer Studer, 1882: 28, pl. 3(13a–e).—Clark, H.L., 1915a: 174. Ophiologimus prolifer .—Martynov, 2010: 70.</p><p>Material Examined. West Coast North Island. TAN1105/137, NIWA 77767 (2).</p><p>Comparative Material. Ophiologimus prolifer (Studer, 1882): TAN0905/119, Iceberg Seamount, 44° 9.49´S, 174° 33.3´W to 44° 9.69´S, 174° 33.14´W, 487–616 m, 28/6/2009, NIWA 69765 (1). SS 02/2007/8, Huon Margin, 44° 1.837´S, 147° 34.776´E to 44° 2.135´S, 147° 34.912´E, 830–1030 m, 31/3/2007, MV F146329 (1). TAN0104/ 333, Pyre Seamount, 42° 43.1´S, 179° 54.57´W to 42° 43.18´S, 179° 54.87´W, 1075– 1008 m, 20/4/2001, NIWA 43985 (1). TAN0205/39, Haungaroa Seamount, 32° 35.75´S, 179° 36.47´W to 32° 36.32´S, 179° 36.09´W, 1252– 1175 m, 17/4/2002, NIWA 60368 (1). TAN0803/69, Macquarie Ridge, Seamount 6, 52° 23.85´S, 160° 39.4´E to 52° 23.91´S, 160° 40.13´E, 451– 438 m, 9/4/2008, NIWA 43108 (1). TN228/J2-387-023, Z39 Seamount, 44° 23.32´S, 147° 15.349´E, 1599 m, 26/12/2008, MV F168729 (1). Ophiolycus farquhari (McKnight, 2003): NZOI/R437, off NE coast, 39° 35.1´S, 178° 25.08´E to 39° 35.1´S, 178° 23.8´E, 800– 440 m, 16/6/1990, holotype, NIWA 3344 (1).</p><p>Description. Disc to 7 mm dd, 6, rarely 7, arms, fissiparous. Disc covered in small overlapping translucent perforated plates embedded in a thin skin, no spines, plated skin extends onto the basal dorsal arm surface; small radial shields present but generally hidden beneath the skin. Jaw and arms covered in a thin skin that obscures the plates. Oral shields wider than long, proximal margin strongly convex, distal margin weakly convex or lobed, rounded lateral angles; jaw longer than wide, oral plates tumid proximally, 8–10 oral papillae, inner oral papillae small and pointed; 2–3 distal oral tentacle scales, slightly enlarged, rounded to spatulate. Dorsal arm plates thin and perforated, broadly triangular, as wide as long, convex distal and slightly flattened proximal margin, narrowly contiguous at base; ventral arm plates longer than wide, convex distal margin, concave lateral margins around large tentacle pore, broadly contiguous; 3 arm spines, subcylindrical to flattened, bluntly-pointed, sometimes wider at the base, subequal or upper and lowest a little wider and longer than the middle spine, short, less than 1 segment in length, distal upper and middle arm spines modified into hooks with 1–2 small teeth besides the terminal one; 1 oval to spatulate tentacle scale, sculptured longitudinal markings, rarely 2 on basal segments. Colour (dry) yellowish-brown.</p><p>Distribution. New Zealand (170–1110 m), Macquarie Ridge (438–451 m), SE Australia (830–1640 m), Fiji (294–300 m).</p><p>Remarks. This species, recently transferred to Ophiologimus and the Ophiomyxidae by Martynov (2010), is reported here for the first time since the type was collected at 1091 m off Barrier Island, north-eastern New Zealand, by the 1875 German Gazelle expedition. It has since been collected from seamounts or other hard substrata on the continental margins. This species is typically 6–7 armed and often shows signs of fissiparity. Several other similar species occur in the south-west Pacific that also have a skin covered disc and distal upper arm spines transformed into hooks. Ophiologimus quadrispinus H.L. Clark, 1925 has five arms, two tentacle scales and three (four basally) blunt arm spines (see O'Hara &amp; Stöhr 2006). Ophiolycus farquhari McKnight, 2003 is very similar to O. quadrispinus but has arm spines that alternate in number from three to two on succeeding arm segments. This species was retained with uncertainty in Ophiolycus by Martynov (2010) but here we re-assign it to Ophiologimus, as re-examination of the type material indicates that it has all the characters of Ophiologimus, including well-developed hooklets on distal arm segments (as developed as O. quadrispinus and O. prolifer) and unbroken dorsal arm plates that persist until the arm tip.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EA8790113AFFB1FF4A664CD119FBE4	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Mills, V. Sadie;O'Hara, Timothy D.	Mills, V. Sadie, O'Hara, Timothy D. (2013): Ophiuroids (Echinodermata; Ophiuroidea) of biogenic habitats on the continental shelf of New Zealand. Zootaxa 3613 (5): 401-444, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3613.5.1
03EA8790113DFFB1FF4A649CD09DF87E.text	03EA8790113DFFB1FF4A649CD09DF87E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ophiomyxa brevirima H.L. Clark 1915	<div><p>Ophiomyxa brevirima H.L. Clark, 1915</p><p>Ophiomyxa australis .—Farquhar, 1895: 199.—Benham, 1909: 101 [Non Ophiomyxa australis Lütken C F, 1869; see Mortensen, 1924a].</p><p>Ophiomyxa brevirima Clark, H.L., 1915a: 169, pl. 1(3–4).—Mortensen, 1924: 110–114, fig. 4(1,3,4), 5, pl. 4(4–5).—Mortensen, 1936: 242–243.—Fell, 1952: 12.—Fell, 1953: 100.—Fell, 1958: 22.—Fell, 1960b: 67.—McKnight, 1967a: 304.—Fenwick &amp; Horning, 1980: 440.—McKnight, 1993b: 193, 199.</p><p>Non Ophiomyxa brevirima .—Bell, 1917: 7 [= Astrobrachion constrictum (Farquhar H, 1900); see Mortensen, 1924].</p><p>Material Examined .. TAN1104/18, NIWA 72207 (2) Bay of Islands. TAN0906/2, NIWA 54392 (1). TAN0906/ 25, NIWA 77839 (1). TAN0906/93, NIWA 55598 (1). TAN0906/96, NIWA 77838 (1). TAN0906/134, NIWA 56146 (5). TAN0906/178, NIWA 77772 (1); NIWA 77832 (2); NIWA 57091 (1). TAN0906/236, NIWA 57423 (1). TAN0906/240, NIWA 77854 (3). East Coast North Island. TAN1108/179, NIWA 77770 (2). TAN1108/197, NIWA 77834 (1). Far North. TAN0906/154, NIWA 77837 (1). TAN0906/164, NIWA 56811 (4). Otago. TAN1108/148, NIWA 74954 (3). Three Kings Islands. TAN1105/35, NIWA 77835 (3). TAN1105/69, NIWA 77849 (1). West Coast North Island. TAN1105/74, NIWA 73602 (3). TAN1105/88, NIWA 73661 (6). TAN1105/ 104, NIWA 77833 (2). TAN1105/137, NIWA 77807 (1).</p><p>Diagnosis. Thin skin on disc and arms obscuring plates, disc usually torn. Oral papillae circular with glassy saw-like serration to proximal edge. Arm spines alternating 3–4, with 4th spine placed more dorsally on arm. Live colour greenish or yellowish brown with variable blotches of red or orange on disc. Arms variably banded red and greenish or yellowish brown in life, paler banding ventrally.</p><p>Description. See Mortensen (1925)</p><p>Distribution. New Zealand (1–1108 m).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EA8790113DFFB1FF4A649CD09DF87E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Mills, V. Sadie;O'Hara, Timothy D.	Mills, V. Sadie, O'Hara, Timothy D. (2013): Ophiuroids (Echinodermata; Ophiuroidea) of biogenic habitats on the continental shelf of New Zealand. Zootaxa 3613 (5): 401-444, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3613.5.1
03EA8790113CFFB0FF4A64ADD088FA8B.text	03EA8790113CFFB0FF4A64ADD088FA8B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ophionereididae Ljungman 1867	<div><p>Family Ophionereididae Ljungman, 1867</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EA8790113CFFB0FF4A64ADD088FA8B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Mills, V. Sadie;O'Hara, Timothy D.	Mills, V. Sadie, O'Hara, Timothy D. (2013): Ophiuroids (Echinodermata; Ophiuroidea) of biogenic habitats on the continental shelf of New Zealand. Zootaxa 3613 (5): 401-444, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3613.5.1
03EA8790113CFFB3FF4A6516D092F919.text	03EA8790113CFFB3FF4A6516D092F919.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ophionereis fasciata Hutton 1872	<div><p>Ophionereis fasciata Hutton, 1872</p><p>(Fig. 13a)</p><p>Ophionereis fasciata Hutton, 1872: 2 .—Mortensen, 1924: 164–168, fig. 30.—Nielsen, 1932: fig. 26a–b.—Fell, 1952: 23.—Fell, 1960b: 69.—McKnight, 1967a: 306.— Baker, 1977: 154.—Fenwick &amp; Horning, 1980: 440.—McKnight, 1993b: 194, 199.</p><p>Ophionereis schayeri .—Farquhar, 1895: 197–198.—Farquhar, 1907: 124.—Clark, H.L., 1915: 289 (in part) [Non Ophionereis schayeri (Müller J &amp; Troschel F H, 1844); see Mortensen, 1924].</p><p>Material Examined. North Canterbury. TAN1108/39, NIWA 74208 (1). Otago. TAN1108/66, NIWA 74366 (14). TAN1108/67, NIWA 77662 (1). TAN1108/148, NIWA 74981 (1). Stewart Island. TAN1108/77, NIWA 74489 (80).</p><p>Description. Disc diameter up to 16 mm. Disc patterned with random blotches of black on a lighter grey/ brown, radial shields and surrounding scales often black. Radial shields small (1/16 dd) and separated by 5–6 rows of disc plates. Disc scales larger at disc margin and bordering radial shields. Finer, smaller disc scales towards centre of disc and inter-radially. Fine ventral disc scaling, with same patterning of light grey/brown with black blotches, black scales proximal to oral plates. Genital slit turned out at proximal end with white pointed spine-like genital papillae. Slit extends to disc margin. Rounded diamond shape oral shield. Adoral shields narrowly meeting in small specimens, do not meet in larger specimens. Square oral papillae, 4th distal-most widest.</p><p>Patterning on dorsal arm plates: frequent black bands and infrequent white bands placed down light brown arm. Sometimes faint white line running down midline of arm. Dorsal arm plates hexagonal. Accessory dorsal arm plates large, easily occupying 1/3 to 1/4 width of dorsal arm surface, consistent through arm. Ventral arm with banded pattern, pale cream with occasional dark arm plate. Ventral arm plates pentagonal with a slight notch in distal edge. Large single oval tentacle scale. Four arm spines at disc edge, 3 arm spines from 12–13th segment. Arm spines all similar length proximally, but after 8th arm segment middle-ventral arm spine longer than the rest. Banding pattern present on arm spines, pale cream with 1–2 dark bands. Arm spines blunt and flattened.</p><p>Distribution. New Zealand (0–305 m).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EA8790113CFFB3FF4A6516D092F919	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Mills, V. Sadie;O'Hara, Timothy D.	Mills, V. Sadie, O'Hara, Timothy D. (2013): Ophiuroids (Echinodermata; Ophiuroidea) of biogenic habitats on the continental shelf of New Zealand. Zootaxa 3613 (5): 401-444, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3613.5.1
03EA8790113FFFB2FF4A668DD13AF843.text	03EA8790113FFFB2FF4A668DD13AF843.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ophionereis novaezelandiae Mortensen 1936	<div><p>Ophionereis novaezelandiae Mortensen, 1936</p><p>(Fig. 13 b)</p><p>Ophionereis novae-zelandiae Mortensen, 1936: 299 –301, fig. 29.—Fell, 1952: 23.—Clark, A.M., 1953: 70. Ophionereis porrecta .—McKnight, 1993a: 175, 188 [Non Ophionereis porrecta Lyman T, 1860]. Ophionereis terba Baker &amp; Devaney, 1981: 158 –161, fig. 30.—Rowe &amp; Gates, 1995: 410.—O'Hara, 1998: 44–45, fig. 2 [new</p><p>synonymy].</p><p>Material Examined. Bay of Islands. KAH0907/164, NIWA 58372 (1). KAH0907/195, NIWA 77668 (1). TAN0906/2, NIWA 77672 (3). TAN0906/3, NIWA 77673 (4). TAN0906/21, NIWA 54706 (1). TAN0906/30, NIWA 54832 (1). TAN0906/60, NIWA 77644 (28). TAN0906/81, NIWA 77663 (1); NIWA 55444 (1). TAN0906/ 96, NIWA 77645 (38). TAN0906/99, NIWA 55680 (10); NIWA 55682 (1); NIWA 55794 (3). TAN0906/105, NIWA 77674 (2). TAN0906/130, NIWA 56028 (6). TAN0906/143, NIWA 77671 (2). TAN0906/170, NIWA 77664 (2). TAN0906/205, NIWA 57193 (4). TAN0906/235, NIWA 77665 (1). East Coast North Island. TAN1108/197, NIWA 77676 (4). TAN1108/233, NIWA 63309 (8). TAN1108/250, NIWA 75558 (1). TAN1108/253, NIWA 77670 (5). TAN1108/268, NIWA 77646 (9). TAN1108/275, NIWA 77669 (1). Far North. TAN0906/154, NIWA 77666 (1). TAN0906/159, NIWA 77675 (2). TAN0906/164, NIWA 77667 (1). Three Kings Islands. TAN1105/35, NIWA 77643 (11). TAN1105/42, NIWA 73197 (39). TAN1105/69, NIWA 73497 (21). TAN1105/70, NIWA 73577 (10).</p><p>Comparative Material. Ophionereis novaezelandiae Mortensen, 1936: NZOI/B41, 39° 12´S, 177° 8.1´E, 17 m, 2/9/1957, NIWA 43155 (1). Discovery/934, North of New Zealand, 34° 11´S, 172° 10´E, 92–98 m, 17/8/1932, holotype of Ophionereis novae-zelandiae, BMNH 1936.12.30.839 (1). MFG/1, 45 Km SSW of Portland, 38° 40´S, 141° 20´E, 293–585 m, 14/5/1979, holotype of Ophionereis terba, MV F45363 (1). BSS/84 G, Western Bass Strait, 73 km W of Cape Farewell, King Island, 39° 34´S, 143° 6´E, 171 m, 11/10/1980, MV F90465 (7). NZOI/P6, Wanganella Ridge, 32° 36.8´S, 167° 30.6´E, 127 m, 25/1/1977, identified by McKnight (1993a) as Ophionereis porrecta, NIWA 77754 (1). NZOI/T228, 29° 16´S, 177° 59.1´W, 45 m, 22/3/1982, NIWA 77693 (6). SS 02/2007/4, Huon 200m, 43° 58.701´S, 147° 32.299´E to 43° 58.34´S, 147° 31.943´E, 180–237 m, 29/3/2007, MV F144841 (1). SS 04/04/72, Pieman Canyon, 41° 47.71´S, 144° 35.15´E, 174 m, 22/4/2004, MV F 101739 (50).</p><p>Description. Disc diameter of specimens from biogenic habitats was up to 9.8 mm. Disc plates creamy white dorsally and ventrally, sometimes bordered by darker brown. Radial shields small (1/8 dd) and separated by three rows of disc scales. Disc scales longer on disc margin (as in O. fasciata) but otherwise coarse and consistent over entire disc. Genital papillae small, granule-like and line slit, which extends to disc margin. Oral shields spade to pentagon shaped with small distal extension. Adoral shields narrowly meet. Square oral papillae, 4th distal-most widened.</p><p>Dorsal arm banded orange and white, with two small white dots on distal margin of each arm plate. Dorsal arm plates squarish-oblong, accessory plates small, narrow (approximately 1/5th of dorsal arm width) but extend same height as dorsal arm plate. Rounded fan shaped ventral arm plates with large oval tentacle scale. Ventral arm with white band running down midline on proximal plates. Ventral arm plates with rounded distal margin. Arm spines banded cream with 1–2 brown stripes. Three arm spines throughout arm, subequal on proximal segments, but middle arm spine longest after 5th arm segment.</p><p>Distribution. Northern New Zealand (17–402 m), south-eastern Australia (53–585 m).</p><p>Remarks. Baker (1977) synonymised Ophionereis novaezelandiae Mortensen, 1936 with Ophionereis fasciata Hutton, 1872 as he considered Mortensen’s 4 mm dd holotype specimen to be a juvenile form of O. fasciata, having fewer arm spines, less well developed genital papillae and shorter supplementary arm plates. However, examination of the recent collections shows that differences between the species are consistent in animals of similar disc diameter. Ophionereis fasciata has four arm spines proximally, smaller radial shields, differently shaped dorsal and ventral arm plates, larger accessory dorsal arm plates, and is generally a larger animal than O. novaezelandiae . Egg size is different between these species, 0.1 mm in O. fasciata (Mortensen, 1924) and 0.06 mm in O. novaezelandiae . Moreover, the patterns of colour on the disc and arms are very distinctive (Figure 13) and consistent even in preserved material. The geographic ranges of the two species only overlap on the northeastern coast of New Zealand; O. novaezelandiae extends from the Kermadec islands south to Hawkes Bay, whereas O. fasciata is predominantly southern, only occasionally collected on the north-east coast as far north as the Bay of Islands. Ophionereis fasciata can also be found intertidally.</p><p>It seems likely that Baker (1977) actually had juvenile specimens of O. fasciata rather than O. novaezelandiae at his disposal when he synonymised the two species, as did Fenwick &amp; Horning (1980). Both were potentially misled by the key of A.M. Clark (1953) that separated the two species by the supposed absence of genital papillae in O. novaezelandiae . In fact, adult specimens of both species have genital papillae that can be absent or reduced in juveniles. In summary, we recognise Ophionereis novaezelandiae Mortensen, 1936 as a valid species. Historical records of O. porrecta from the Wanganella Bank and around the Kermadec islands are also this species.</p><p>A range of specimens of the south-eastern Australian species Ophionereis terba Baker &amp; Devaney, 1981 were examined and compared with specimens of Ophionereis novaezelandiae . Baker &amp; Devaney (1981) did not compare the two species as Baker (1977) regarded O. novaezelandiae as a synonym of O. fasciata . We can find no difference in morphology or colour between the two populations when equal sized specimens are compared and regard O. terba as a junior synonym of O. novaezelandiae .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EA8790113FFFB2FF4A668DD13AF843	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Mills, V. Sadie;O'Hara, Timothy D.	Mills, V. Sadie, O'Hara, Timothy D. (2013): Ophiuroids (Echinodermata; Ophiuroidea) of biogenic habitats on the continental shelf of New Zealand. Zootaxa 3613 (5): 401-444, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3613.5.1
03EA87901101FF8DFF4A6081D176FB2A.text	03EA87901101FF8DFF4A6081D176FB2A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ophiothrix (Ophiothrix) aristulata Lyman 1879	<div><p>Ophiothrix (Ophiothrix) aristulata Lyman, 1879</p><p>Ophiothrix aristulata Lyman, 1879: 50 –51, pl. 15(421–424).—Lyman, 1882: 223–224, pl. 21(9–12).—Studer, 1882: 26.—Koehler, 1904: 151.—Clark, H.L., 1915: 269.—Clark, H.L., 1916: 89–90.—Koehler, 1922: 205–208, pl. 35(1–3), 97(1).—Clark, H.L., 1923: 336–337.—Mortensen, 1924: 117–118.—Clark, H.L., 1928: 430.—Koehler, 1930: 133.—Mortensen, 1933a: 336–337.—Clark, A.M., 1967: 640, 646.—Clark, A.M., 1977: 135.—Dartnall, 1980: 41, 70.</p><p>Ophiothrix aristulata var Investigatoris Koehler, 1897: 361 –363, pl. 9(72–73).</p><p>Ophiothrix capillaris .—Koehler, 1930: 135–136 (in part) [Non Ophiothrix capillaris Lyman T, 1879; see O'Hara, 1998].</p><p>Ophiothrix megaloplax Koehler, 1930: 170 –172, pl. 9(8–9).—Clark, A.M., 1967: 641, 647 [synonymised by O'Hara, 1998].</p><p>Placophiothrix aristulata .—Clark, H.L., 1938: 310.—Clark, H.L., 1939: 84–85.—Clark, H.L., 1946: 224–225.—Fell, 1958: 28.—Madsen, 1967: 142.</p><p>Macrophiothrix capillaris .—Clark, H.L., 1946: 222–223.</p><p>Placophiothrix megaloplax .—Clark, H.L., 1946: 228.</p><p>Macrophiothrix aristulata .—McKnight, 1967a: 312.</p><p>Ophiothrix (Ophiothrix) aristulata .—Clark, A.M. &amp; Courtman-Stock, 1976: 142–143, fig. 111, 115.—Rowe &amp; Gates, 1995: 420.—O'Hara, 1998: 45–46, fig. 3.</p><p>Ophiothrix (Placophiothrix) aristulata .—McKnight, 1993a: 175, 187.</p><p>Ophiothrix (Ophiothrix) megaloplax .—Rowe &amp; Gates, 1995: 423.</p><p>Non Ophiothrix aristulata .—Döderlein, 1910: 254, pl. 5(4–5) [= Ophiothrix (Ophiothrix) fragilis (Abildgaard, 1789); see Mortensen, 1933a].</p><p>Non Ophiothrix aristulata .—Hertz, 1927: 35–36 [= Ophiothrix fragilis Müller J &amp; Troschel F H, 1842; see Mortensen, 1933a].</p><p>Material Examined. West Coast North Island. TAN1105/88, NIWA 77844 (4).</p><p>Diagnosis. Dorsal disc with thorny, glassy spines. Radial shields naked, each pair forming a diamond shape, separated by single row of disc spines. Diamond shaped dorsal arm plates with longitudinal ridge, highlighted by faint white stripe running along dorsal midline. Seven glassy, thorny arm spines, 2–3 segments long, sometimes with dark streak in centre of spine. Colour variable, typically white, pink, purple or tan with yellow markings on the disc and a white stripe or series of black dots, running down the dorsal arm surface.</p><p>Description. See O'Hara (1998a).</p><p>Distribution. New Zealand (161–800 m), southern Australia (50–650 m), Solomon Is (264–273 m), Southern Africa (217–450 m), Indonesia, Philippines, India (216–390 m).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EA87901101FF8DFF4A6081D176FB2A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Mills, V. Sadie;O'Hara, Timothy D.	Mills, V. Sadie, O'Hara, Timothy D. (2013): Ophiuroids (Echinodermata; Ophiuroidea) of biogenic habitats on the continental shelf of New Zealand. Zootaxa 3613 (5): 401-444, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3613.5.1
03EA87901101FF8DFF4A60C1D09BFF2F.text	03EA87901101FF8DFF4A60C1D09BFF2F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ophiotrichidae Ljungman 1867	<div><p>Family Ophiotrichidae Ljungman, 1867</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EA87901101FF8DFF4A60C1D09BFF2F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Mills, V. Sadie;O'Hara, Timothy D.	Mills, V. Sadie, O'Hara, Timothy D. (2013): Ophiuroids (Echinodermata; Ophiuroidea) of biogenic habitats on the continental shelf of New Zealand. Zootaxa 3613 (5): 401-444, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3613.5.1
03EA87901101FF8FFF4A6551D3DAFE51.text	03EA87901101FF8FFF4A6551D3DAFE51.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ophiothrix (Acanthophiothrix) lepidus	<div><p>Ophiothrix (Acanthophiothrix) lepidus de Loriol, 1893</p><p>(Fig. 14)</p><p>Ophiothrix lepidus de Loriol, 1893: 45 pl. 25(1).—Koehler, 1898: 103-104.—Rowe, 1989: 288.—McKnight, 1993a: 187.</p><p>Ophiothrix lepida .—Clark, H.L., 1915: 281.—Koehler, 1922: 246–248, pls. 36(5), 100(3).—Koehler, 1930: 143.—Clark, A.H., 1952a: 293.</p><p>Ophiothrix lepidus hawaiiensis Clark, A.H., 1949: 41 –42, fig. 15a–b.</p><p>Ophiogymna saltatrix McKnight, 1968: 522 –525, figs. 7, 8.—McKnight, 1975: 71 [synonymised by Rowe, 1989].</p><p>Ophiothrix (Acanthophiothrix) lepidus .—Rowe &amp; Gates, 1995: 424.</p><p>Material Examined. Far North. TAN1105/9, NIWA 72990 (5); NIWA 72990 (5). TAN1105/18, NIWA 73017 (1).</p><p>Diagnosis. Red disc covered in long thin articulated white spines. Thin, naked radial shields, meet distally, diverging and slight widening proximally. Radial shields white with short longitudinal purple stripe distally. Dorsal arm plates longer than wide with a conspicuous thick dark red stripe on midline. Ventral arm plates longer than wide with a thin faint red stripe along midline. Six very long (5–7 segments long), transparent, hollow, thorny arm spines.</p><p>Description. See McKnight (1968b) as Ophiogymna saltatrix .</p><p>Distribution. New Zealand (79–508 m), Tasman Sea (111–330 m), Indonesia (35–85 m), Philippines (62–90 m), Mauritius, Marshall Islands (122–168 m), Hawaii (as subspecies O. lepidus hawaiiensis A.H. Clark, 1949, 110– 545 m).</p><p>Remarks. This species has previously been reported in the South-West Pacific Ocean from the Norfolk (Rowe 1989) and Kermadec Ridges (McKnight 1968 as Ophiogymna saltatrix). Here we extend the known distribution to northern New Zealand. This species is similar to the littoral O. purpurea von Martens, 1867 differing only in the shape of the radial shield, which are much longer than wide in O. lepidus . However, the shape of the radial shields can be quite variable in O. purpurea, and H.L. Clark (1938) and Clark &amp; Rowe (1971) have treated the two species as synonyms. Conversely, Rowe (1989) considered them as distinct and synonymised O. saltatrix with O. lepidus . The current specimens have the narrow radial shields indicative of O. lepidus . Whether the specimens found in deep-water off New Zealand are really conspecific with a species described from shallow water around Mauritius needs further investigation.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EA87901101FF8FFF4A6551D3DAFE51	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Mills, V. Sadie;O'Hara, Timothy D.	Mills, V. Sadie, O'Hara, Timothy D. (2013): Ophiuroids (Echinodermata; Ophiuroidea) of biogenic habitats on the continental shelf of New Zealand. Zootaxa 3613 (5): 401-444, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3613.5.1
03EA87901103FF8FFF4A6272D08DF917.text	03EA87901103FF8FFF4A6272D08DF917.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Macrophiothrix oliveri (Benham 1911) Benham 1911	<div><p>Macrophiothrix oliveri (Benham, 1911)</p><p>(Fig. 15)</p><p>Ophiothrix oliveri Benham, 1911: 154 –156, figs. 14–17.—Clark, H.L., 1915: 276.—Clark, A.M., 1967: 647. Ophiothrix (Ophiothrix) oliveri .—Mortensen, 1924: 118–120, fig. 8.</p><p>Macrophiothrix oliveri .—Hoggett, 1990: 192–194, figs. 3.22e –i, 3.23e –g.</p><p>Material Examined. Bay of Islands. KAH0907/194, NIWA 77880 (1). TAN0906/2, NIWA 77863 (1). TAN0906/ 60, NIWA 55192 (86). TAN0906/81, NIWA 55440 (3). TAN0906/96, NIWA 77862 (1). TAN0906/99, NIWA 55683 (1). TAN0906/102, NIWA 55737 (1). TAN0906/170, NIWA 77861 (2). TAN0906/240, NIWA 57508 (20). East Coast North Island. TAN1108/197, NIWA 77785 (3). TAN1108/213, NIWA 77800 (3). TAN1108/217, NIWA 77814 (2). TAN1108/239, NIWA 77816 (1). TAN1108/250, NIWA 75543 (1). TAN1108/253, NIWA 75593 (2). TAN1108/268, NIWA 77783 (30). TAN1108/275, NIWA 77812 (3). Far North. TAN0906/159, NIWA 56591 (10). TAN1105/60, NIWA 73395 (1). Three Kings Islands. TAN1105/35, NIWA 77846 (8). TAN1105/42, NIWA 77845 (2). TAN1105/53, NIWA 73324 (2). TAN1105/69, NIWA 77831 (18). TAN1105/70, NIWA 77815 (2).</p><p>Comparative Material. Macrophiothrix oliveri (Benham, 1911): Duncombe Bay, Norfolk Island, 29° 0´S, 167° 55´E, 15 m, 25/9/1976, MV F96553 (1). NZOI/K797, off L'Esperance Rock, 31° 20.82´S, 178° 49.2´W, 55 m, 19/7/1974, NIWA 79573 (20). NZOI/P968, Raoul Island, Kermadec Chain, 29° 14.7´S, 177° 52.32´W, 10 m, 11/6/1980, NIWA 79568 (1). NZOI/T260, off L'Esperance Rock, 31° 20.802´S, 178° 49.602´W, 68 m, 28/3/1982, NIWA 79564 (12).</p><p>Diagnosis. Disc densely covered in glassy trifid-multifid spinelets, obscuring disc plates and radial shields. Distal edges of white radial shields visible beneath spinelets. Dorsal arm plates twice as wide as long, truncate fan shaped, light pinkish purple interspersed with a darker plate every 2–3 segments, all with variable white blotch on distal border. Ventral disc and arm surface creamy white. Six transparent arm spines, 3–4 arm segments, 4th spine longest, reducing to less than a segment ventrally, with thorny edges.</p><p>Description. See Mortensen (1924).</p><p>Distribution. Kermadec and Norfolk Islands (1–157 m), northern New Zealand (37–205 m)</p><p>Remarks. This species was transferred to Macrophiothrix by Hoggett (1990) in an unpublished PhD thesis. Examination of the specimens here confirms this decision; the dorsal arm plates are in general twice as wide as long, similar to other Macrophiothrix species. Within Macrophiothrix, Hoggett (1990) distinguished M. oliveri by the length of the fourth-sixth arm spines from the top which are the longest in the series. On other species, the second-third arm spines are longest. This species has a restricted distribution along the north-east coast of New Zealand and around a few islands to the north.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EA87901103FF8FFF4A6272D08DF917	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Mills, V. Sadie;O'Hara, Timothy D.	Mills, V. Sadie, O'Hara, Timothy D. (2013): Ophiuroids (Echinodermata; Ophiuroidea) of biogenic habitats on the continental shelf of New Zealand. Zootaxa 3613 (5): 401-444, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3613.5.1
03EA87901103FF8FFF4A668BD098F969.text	03EA87901103FF8FFF4A668BD098F969.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ophiolepididae Ljungman 1867	<div><p>Family Ophiolepididae Ljungman, 1867</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EA87901103FF8FFF4A668BD098F969	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Mills, V. Sadie;O'Hara, Timothy D.	Mills, V. Sadie, O'Hara, Timothy D. (2013): Ophiuroids (Echinodermata; Ophiuroidea) of biogenic habitats on the continental shelf of New Zealand. Zootaxa 3613 (5): 401-444, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3613.5.1
03EA87901103FF89FF4A6774D680FEFA.text	03EA87901103FF89FF4A6774D680FEFA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ophioplocus marginata (Fell 1953) Fell 1953	<div><p>Ophioplocus marginata (Fell, 1953)</p><p>(Fig. 16)</p><p>Ophioceres marginata Fell, 1953: 103 –105, pl. 1d–e, fig. 5a–e.— Baker &amp; Devaney, 1981: figs. 10–13.</p><p>Material Examined. Otago. TAN1108/148, NIWA 77856 (1). Stewart Island. TAN1108/77, NIWA 74487 (2).</p><p>Diagnosis. Dorsal disc covered in imbricating disc scales. Enlarged, distinctive marginal interradial disc plates. Short arms (2 x dd), dorsal arm plates fragmented in simple pattern (see Baker &amp; Devaney 1981, figs. 10–13). Disc and arm plates creamy white in life.</p><p>Description. See Fell (1953).</p><p>Distribution. Southern New Zealand and subantarctic islands (1–305 m).</p><p>Remarks. This is the first record of this species from the South Island of New Zealand.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EA87901103FF89FF4A6774D680FEFA	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Mills, V. Sadie;O'Hara, Timothy D.	Mills, V. Sadie, O'Hara, Timothy D. (2013): Ophiuroids (Echinodermata; Ophiuroidea) of biogenic habitats on the continental shelf of New Zealand. Zootaxa 3613 (5): 401-444, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3613.5.1
03EA87901105FF88FF4A61E3D031FE32.text	03EA87901105FF88FF4A61E3D031FE32.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ophiozonoida parva McKnight 1975	<div><p>Ophiozonoida parva McKnight, 1975</p><p>Ophiozonoida parva McKnight, 1975: 67 –69, fig. 6.—McKnight, 1993a: 175, 188.—Rowe &amp; Gates, 1995: 436-437.</p><p>Material Examined. Bay of Islands. TAN0906/134, NIWA 77829 (4). East Coast North Island. TAN1108/179, NIWA 77811 (33). TAN1108/197, NIWA 77724 (18). TAN1108/213, NIWA 77798 (3). TAN1108/217, NIWA 77726 (1).</p><p>Comparative Material. Ophiozonoida obscura Koehler, 1922: SS05/2007/188, Northwestern Australia, Ashmore L30 transect, 12° 26.7´S, 123° 36.048´E to 12° 26.967´S, 123° 36.583´E, 96 m, 6/7/2007, MV F162618 (103). Ophiozonoida parva McKnight, 1975: NZOI/E864, Northern Tasman Sea, 32° 36´S, 167° 36´E, 130 m, 19/ 3/1968, holotype, NIWA 716 (1); paratypes, NIWA 717 (2).</p><p>Diagnosis. Numerous imbricating disc scales, primary plates conspicuous. Radial shields separated from each other and disc edge by single row of scales. Three disc plates lie in a row distal to the radial shield. 4–5 erect bluntly pointed arm spines. Up to 4 tentacle scales on first pore, 2 on second pore, then single scale distally.</p><p>Description. See McKnight (1975).</p><p>Distribution. Northern New Zealand (46–356 m).</p><p>Remarks. McKnight (1975) distinguished O. parva from Ophiozonoida picta by the more numerous disc plates and the presence of 4-5 rather than three arm spines, and five rather than six oral papillae. However, examination of the large number of specimens now available casts doubt on some of these distinctions. While, some specimens have four arm spines, the number of oral papillae and disc plate size do not co-vary in a consistent way. However, the number of arm spines is not related to specimen size, so we continue to use the name O. parva for the 4–5 spine form until further evidence is obtained. The arm spines on these specimens increase in size ventrally; the upper spine is 1/3 of an arm segment in length while the ventralmost is easily half an arm segment in length. Arm plates are irregularly fragmented in larger specimens of O. parva and O. picta suggesting a relationship to Ophioplocus . Similar fragmentation occurs in larger specimens of Ophiozonoida obscura Koehler, 1922 from off north-western Australia (MV F162618).</p><p>Ophiozonoida picta H.L. Clark, 1915 (Fig. 17)</p><p>Material Examined. Bay of Islands. KAH0907/239, NIWA 77718 (1). TAN0906/2, NIWA 77830 (4). TAN0906/ 21, NIWA 77825 (2); NIWA 54697 (1). TAN0906/24, NIWA 54750 (1). TAN0906/25, NIWA 77826 (1). TAN0906/65, NIWA 55227 (1). TAN0906/83, NIWA 55511 (1). TAN0906/90, NIWA 77822 (1). TAN0906/96, NIWA 77828 (5). TAN0906/99, NIWA 77823 (1). TAN0906/102, NIWA 55744 (1). TAN0906/105, NIWA 77824 (3). TAN0906/129, NIWA 55990 (3). TAN0906/130, NIWA 77827 (1). TAN0906/134, NIWA 56113 (1). TAN0906/140, NIWA 56262 (1). TAN0906/170, NIWA 77821 (2). TAN0906/178, NIWA 77819 (2). TAN0906/ 207, NIWA 57254 (2). TAN0906/134, NIWA 77829 (4). East Coast North Island. TAN1108/179, NIWA 77811 (33). TAN1108/197, NIWA 77724 (18). TAN1108/217, NIWA 77726 (1). TAN1108/268, NIWA 77725 (7). Far North. TAN0906/154, NIWA 77820 (3). TAN0906/162, NIWA 56736 (1). TAN0906/164, NIWA 77818 (1); NIWA 77817 (4). Three Kings Islands. TAN1105/35, NIWA 77721 (2). TAN1105/42, NIWA 77722 (1).</p><p>TAN1105/69, NIWA 77719 (5). West Coast North Island. TAN1105/115, NIWA 77720 (1). TAN1105/137, NIWA 77723 (1).</p><p>Diagnosis. Imbricating disc scales, primary plates conspicuous. Three disc plates lie in a row distal to the radial shield. Three erect bluntly pointed arm spines. Up to 4 tentacle scales on first pore, 2 on second pore, then single scale distally.</p><p>Description. See Mortensen (1924).</p><p>Distribution. New Zealand (0–820 m).</p><p>Remarks. See under O. parva .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EA87901105FF88FF4A61E3D031FE32	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Mills, V. Sadie;O'Hara, Timothy D.	Mills, V. Sadie, O'Hara, Timothy D. (2013): Ophiuroids (Echinodermata; Ophiuroidea) of biogenic habitats on the continental shelf of New Zealand. Zootaxa 3613 (5): 401-444, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3613.5.1
