taxonID	type	description	language	source
03EA87901127FFABFF4A613CD728FB54.taxon	description	Asteroschema (Ophiocreas) constrictum. — Döderlein, 1911: 113. Ophiocreas constrictum. — Clark, H. L., 1915 a: 178. — Mortensen, 1924: 99 - 102, fig. 1 (1), pl. 4 (5 – 6). Ophiocreas phanerum Clark, H. L., 1916: 79, pl. 33 (1 – 2). — Clark, H. L., 1946: 176. — Dartnall, 1980: 39, 68 [synonymised by Mortensen, 1924]. Ophiomyxa brevirima. — Bell, 1917: 7 [Non Ophiomyxa brevirima Clark H L, 1915; see Mortensen, 1924]. Astrobrachion constrictus. — Döderlein, 1927: 77. Ophiuropsis sp. — Koehler, 1930: 41 – 42, pl. 5 (4 – 5) [synonymised by Baker, 1980]. Astrobrachion constrictum. — Mortensen, 1933 b: 69, fig. 54. — Fell, 1952: 13. — Fell, 1958: 22. — Baker, 1980: 24 – 27, figs. 6, 30. — Rowe & Gates, 1995: 358. — McKnight, 2000: 40 – 42, fig. 17, pl. 16. Ophiuropsis lymani simplex Mortensen, 1933 b: 71, pl. 6 (31 – 32) [synonymised by Baker, 1980].	en	Mills, V. Sadie, O'Hara, Timothy D. (2013): Ophiuroids (Echinodermata; Ophiuroidea) of biogenic habitats on the continental shelf of New Zealand. Zootaxa 3613 (5): 401-444, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3613.5.1
03EA87901127FFABFF4A613CD728FB54.taxon	materials_examined	Material Examined. Bay of Islands. TAN 0906 / 3, NIWA 54483 (1). TAN 0906 / 146, NIWA 56330 (1). Far North. TAN 1105 / 9, NIWA 72995 (1).	en	Mills, V. Sadie, O'Hara, Timothy D. (2013): Ophiuroids (Echinodermata; Ophiuroidea) of biogenic habitats on the continental shelf of New Zealand. Zootaxa 3613 (5): 401-444, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3613.5.1
03EA87901127FFABFF4A613CD728FB54.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Smooth thick skin on dorsal disc and arms. Radial shields are raised ridges beneath skin, extending to disc centre, but do not meet. Oral plates obscured by skin. Four adjacent or alternating lateral arm plates. No arm spines for first 2 segments, then 2 spines. Several colour variations, either a solid dark red-brown, creamy yellow or black and white transverse banded.	en	Mills, V. Sadie, O'Hara, Timothy D. (2013): Ophiuroids (Echinodermata; Ophiuroidea) of biogenic habitats on the continental shelf of New Zealand. Zootaxa 3613 (5): 401-444, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3613.5.1
03EA87901127FFABFF4A613CD728FB54.taxon	description	Description. See McKnight (2000).	en	Mills, V. Sadie, O'Hara, Timothy D. (2013): Ophiuroids (Echinodermata; Ophiuroidea) of biogenic habitats on the continental shelf of New Zealand. Zootaxa 3613 (5): 401-444, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3613.5.1
03EA87901127FFABFF4A613CD728FB54.taxon	distribution	Distribution. New Zealand (3 – 307 m), Tasman Sea (29 – 344 m), Kermadec Ridge (122 – 260 m), south-eastern Australia (18 – 540 m).	en	Mills, V. Sadie, O'Hara, Timothy D. (2013): Ophiuroids (Echinodermata; Ophiuroidea) of biogenic habitats on the continental shelf of New Zealand. Zootaxa 3613 (5): 401-444, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3613.5.1
03EA87901127FFABFF4A613CD728FB54.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Astrobrachion constrictum is often found with its arms coiled on branches of black coral. One specimen (NIWA 72995) has 4 juveniles climbing out of the bursal slit and clinging to the ventral surface.	en	Mills, V. Sadie, O'Hara, Timothy D. (2013): Ophiuroids (Echinodermata; Ophiuroidea) of biogenic habitats on the continental shelf of New Zealand. Zootaxa 3613 (5): 401-444, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3613.5.1
03EA87901127FFA4FF4A6548D39DFE51.taxon	description	Astroceras elegans. — Mortensen, 1924: 107, pl. 4 (3). — Fedotov, 1927: 343. — Mortensen, 1933 b: 53 – 54, figs. 37 – 38. — Mortensen, 1936: 241. — Fell, 1958: 21. — Baker, 1980: 66 – 68, figs. 25, 32. — Guille & Wolff, 1984: 7 – 9, pl. 1 (a – b). — Rowe & Gates, 1995: 360. — McKnight, 2000: 42 – 44, fig. 18, pl. 17. Astroceras maui McKnight, 1968: 516 – 519, figs 4 – 5 [synonymised by Baker, 1980]. Asteroceras elegans. — McKnight, 1989: 25 – 26.	en	Mills, V. Sadie, O'Hara, Timothy D. (2013): Ophiuroids (Echinodermata; Ophiuroidea) of biogenic habitats on the continental shelf of New Zealand. Zootaxa 3613 (5): 401-444, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3613.5.1
03EA87901127FFA4FF4A6548D39DFE51.taxon	materials_examined	Material Examined. Bay of Islands. TAN 0906 / 126, NIWA 55951 (1). TAN 0906 / 132, NIWA 56101 (1). TAN 0906 / 135, NIWA 56201 (1). TAN 0906 / 178, NIWA 77659 (1); NIWA 77660 (3); NIWA 57094 (8); NIWA 57061 (1); NIWA 57090 (1). East Coast North Island. TAN 1108 / 253, NIWA 75614 (2); NIWA 77658 (2). TAN 1108 / 268, NIWA 77650 (1). TAN 1108 / 275, NIWA 77649 (1). Far North. TAN 0906 / 154, NIWA 56500 (1); NIWA 56499 (3). TAN 0906 / 162, NIWA 56735 (2); NIWA 56709 (2); NIWA 56707 (9). TAN 0906 / 164, NIWA 56833 (1). TAN 1105 / 9, NIWA 77648 (4). Three Kings Islands. TAN 1105 / 53, NIWA 73308 (1); NIWA 73308 (1). West Coast North Island. TAN 1105 / 137, NIWA 73831 (1). Comparative Material. Astroceras elegans (Bell, 1917): NZOI / C 527, Star of bengal bank, 32 ° 30´S, 179 ° 12´W, 508 m, 18 / 9 / 1960, holotype of Astroceras maui, NIWA 448 (1); paratype of Astroceras maui, NIWA 451 (1); paratype of Astroceras maui, NIWA 449 (1); paratype of Astroceras maui, NIWA 450 (1).	en	Mills, V. Sadie, O'Hara, Timothy D. (2013): Ophiuroids (Echinodermata; Ophiuroidea) of biogenic habitats on the continental shelf of New Zealand. Zootaxa 3613 (5): 401-444, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3613.5.1
03EA87901127FFA4FF4A6548D39DFE51.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Disc and arms covered by skin, but ridges of radial shields and structure of arm vertebrae beneath clearly visible. Ventral arm plates do not join in central midline. Five arms (not fissiparous), two arm spines from second arm segment, finely prickly at tip, distally transformed into hooklets. Small uniform granules on radial shields and arms. Though variable, two consistent morphological forms apparent (Fig. 2). One form clearly more tubercular, with numerous irregularly arranged white granules protruding through skin on dorsal disc. Arms do not appear annulated and are solid yellow with dark brown arm spines. Second form with more regularly arranged white granules, not protruding through skin. Arms appear annulated, transversely striped with dark bands of skin.	en	Mills, V. Sadie, O'Hara, Timothy D. (2013): Ophiuroids (Echinodermata; Ophiuroidea) of biogenic habitats on the continental shelf of New Zealand. Zootaxa 3613 (5): 401-444, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3613.5.1
03EA87901127FFA4FF4A6548D39DFE51.taxon	description	Description. See McKnight (2000).	en	Mills, V. Sadie, O'Hara, Timothy D. (2013): Ophiuroids (Echinodermata; Ophiuroidea) of biogenic habitats on the continental shelf of New Zealand. Zootaxa 3613 (5): 401-444, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3613.5.1
03EA87901127FFA4FF4A6548D39DFE51.taxon	distribution	Distribution. New Zealand (25 – 705 m), eastern Australia (143 m), Tasman Sea (308 – 875 m), New Caledonia (350 – 705 m).	en	Mills, V. Sadie, O'Hara, Timothy D. (2013): Ophiuroids (Echinodermata; Ophiuroidea) of biogenic habitats on the continental shelf of New Zealand. Zootaxa 3613 (5): 401-444, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3613.5.1
03EA87901127FFA4FF4A6548D39DFE51.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Recently collected Astroceras elegans specimens show remarkable variation in granulation on the dorsal disc and in the banding pattern on their arms. McKnight’s (1968) description of A. maui is closely aligned to the second morphological form described above, while Mortensen (1924) and Baker (1980) describe large variation in granulation / tuberculation of the disc and arms and A. maui has subsequently been synonymised with A. elegans. Arm segments from specimens of both morphological forms were treated with domestic bleach to dissolve the skin and allow examination of the granules and arm plates. There are fragmented plates on the lateral side of the arm which show some variation between forms (Fig. 4). Following Mortensen (1933) we interpret these as fragmented lateral arm plates, although to our knowledge their ontology has not been properly investigated. Despite these differences we have not found any consistent morphological characters to differentiate these specimens into two species. Additional genetic and morphological data are required to determine whether A. maui should be resurrected.	en	Mills, V. Sadie, O'Hara, Timothy D. (2013): Ophiuroids (Echinodermata; Ophiuroidea) of biogenic habitats on the continental shelf of New Zealand. Zootaxa 3613 (5): 401-444, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3613.5.1
03EA87901128FFA4FF4A623CD2F2FAEA.taxon	description	Asteroporpa australiensis. — Clark, H. L., 1915 a: 183. — Clark, H. L., 1916: 80 – 81. — Döderlein, 1930: fig. 6. — Clark, H. L., 1938: 204. — Clark, H. L., 1946: 178. — Dartnall, 1980: 39, 68. — McKnight, 1993 a: 186. — McKnight, 2000: 57, fig. 26, pl. 25. Astroporpa wilsoni Bell, 1917: 7. — Mortensen, 1924: 106 – 107, pl. 6 (8 – 9). — Fell, 1951: 4 [synonymised by Baker, 1980]. Astroporpa australiense. — Koehler, 1930: 13 – 14, pl. 1 (11 – 13), 2 (1) (in part). Asteroporpa wilsoni. — Fell, 1958: 21. — McKnight, 1968: 519 – 520. — McKnight, 1975: 61. Asteroporpa (Asteroporpa) australiensis. — Baker, 1980: 35 – 36, figs. 8, 31. — Rowe & Gates, 1995: 362.	en	Mills, V. Sadie, O'Hara, Timothy D. (2013): Ophiuroids (Echinodermata; Ophiuroidea) of biogenic habitats on the continental shelf of New Zealand. Zootaxa 3613 (5): 401-444, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3613.5.1
03EA87901128FFA4FF4A623CD2F2FAEA.taxon	materials_examined	Material Examined. East Coast North Island. TAN 1108 / 253, NIWA 75615 (3). TAN 1108 / 275, NIWA 77769 (3). Far North. TAN 1105 / 9, NIWA 72989 (19). TAN 1105 / 18, NIWA 73011 (2). TAN 1105 / 27, NIWA 73088 (1).	en	Mills, V. Sadie, O'Hara, Timothy D. (2013): Ophiuroids (Echinodermata; Ophiuroidea) of biogenic habitats on the continental shelf of New Zealand. Zootaxa 3613 (5): 401-444, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3613.5.1
03EA87901128FFA4FF4A623CD2F2FAEA.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Tightly coiled arms run into centre of disc with no defined disc edge. Arms and radial shields banded with white ridges of concentrically arranged tubercles, some with a glassy thorn at tip. Black and white transverse stripes on disc and arms composed of alternating depressed darkened areas of girdle hooks and lighter bands with smaller tubercles. Ventral arm covered with low tubercles. 3 – 7 arm spines, with several spiny terminal points. Hooklets with secondary tooth on dorsal girdle bands, more noticeable and numerous distally.	en	Mills, V. Sadie, O'Hara, Timothy D. (2013): Ophiuroids (Echinodermata; Ophiuroidea) of biogenic habitats on the continental shelf of New Zealand. Zootaxa 3613 (5): 401-444, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3613.5.1
03EA87901128FFA4FF4A623CD2F2FAEA.taxon	description	Description. See McKnight (2000).	en	Mills, V. Sadie, O'Hara, Timothy D. (2013): Ophiuroids (Echinodermata; Ophiuroidea) of biogenic habitats on the continental shelf of New Zealand. Zootaxa 3613 (5): 401-444, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3613.5.1
03EA87901128FFA4FF4A623CD2F2FAEA.taxon	distribution	Distribution. North-eastern New Zealand (32 – 508 m), Norfolk Island and Wanganella Bank (150 – 344 m), Gascoyne Seamount (143 m), southern Australia (24 – 465 m).	en	Mills, V. Sadie, O'Hara, Timothy D. (2013): Ophiuroids (Echinodermata; Ophiuroidea) of biogenic habitats on the continental shelf of New Zealand. Zootaxa 3613 (5): 401-444, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3613.5.1
03EA87901128FFA4FF4A623CD2F2FAEA.taxon	discussion	Remarks. This species was collected with its arms coiled around Primnoidae and Plexauridae gorgonian corals.	en	Mills, V. Sadie, O'Hara, Timothy D. (2013): Ophiuroids (Echinodermata; Ophiuroidea) of biogenic habitats on the continental shelf of New Zealand. Zootaxa 3613 (5): 401-444, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3613.5.1
03EA87901128FFA7FF4A6603D700FE19.taxon	description	Amphiura parva Hutton, 1878: 305 [synonymised by Benham, 1909]. Amphiura squamata. — Lyman, 1879: 32. — Lyman, 1882: 136. Amphiura elegans. — Farquhar, 1898: 191 – 192. — Farquhar, 1907: 125. Amphipholis australiana Clark, H. L., 1909 a: 540 – 541, pl. 52 (1 – 3) [synonymised by Clark, H. L., 1938]. Amphipholis squamata. — Benham, 1911: 152 – 153. — Clark, H. L., 1921: 106 – 107. — Mortensen, 1924: 161 – 162. — Koehler, 1930: 102 – 103. — Mortensen, 1936: 292 – 293. — Clark, H. L., 1938: 243 – 244. — Clark, H. L., 1946: 202. — Fell, 1952: 20. — Fell, 1953: 102. — Fell, 1958: 28. — Clark, A. M., 1970: fig. 1 g. — Clark, A. M. & Rowe, 1971: 80 – 81, 99, fig. 27 b, pl. 13 (5). — Clark, A. M. & Courtman-Stock, 1976: 151 – 152, fig. 138. — Fenwick & Horning, 1980: 439. — Paterson, 1985: 91, fig. 36. Axiognathus squamata. — McKnight, 1967 a: 311 – 312. — McKnight, 1967 b: 325.	en	Mills, V. Sadie, O'Hara, Timothy D. (2013): Ophiuroids (Echinodermata; Ophiuroidea) of biogenic habitats on the continental shelf of New Zealand. Zootaxa 3613 (5): 401-444, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3613.5.1
03EA87901128FFA7FF4A6603D700FE19.taxon	materials_examined	Material Examined. Bay of Islands. TAN 0906 / 33, NIWA 54873 (2). TAN 0906 / 87, NIWA 55547 (1). Marlborough Sounds. TAN 1105 / 156, NIWA 77843 (1). West Coast North Island. TAN 1105 / 88, NIWA 77842 (1).	en	Mills, V. Sadie, O'Hara, Timothy D. (2013): Ophiuroids (Echinodermata; Ophiuroidea) of biogenic habitats on the continental shelf of New Zealand. Zootaxa 3613 (5): 401-444, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3613.5.1
03EA87901128FFA7FF4A6603D700FE19.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Disc scaled dorsally and ventrally, radial shields contiguous. Primary plates not obvious in adult animals. Two distal oral papillae: square proximal papilla, low and wide oblong distal oral papilla. Three arm spines, 2 tentacle scales. Viviparous, bioluminescent.	en	Mills, V. Sadie, O'Hara, Timothy D. (2013): Ophiuroids (Echinodermata; Ophiuroidea) of biogenic habitats on the continental shelf of New Zealand. Zootaxa 3613 (5): 401-444, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3613.5.1
03EA87901128FFA7FF4A6603D700FE19.taxon	description	Description. See Mortensen (1924).	en	Mills, V. Sadie, O'Hara, Timothy D. (2013): Ophiuroids (Echinodermata; Ophiuroidea) of biogenic habitats on the continental shelf of New Zealand. Zootaxa 3613 (5): 401-444, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3613.5.1
03EA87901128FFA7FF4A6603D700FE19.taxon	distribution	Distribution. New Zealand, Australia, circumglobal in temperate and tropical waters (0 – 1000 m).	en	Mills, V. Sadie, O'Hara, Timothy D. (2013): Ophiuroids (Echinodermata; Ophiuroidea) of biogenic habitats on the continental shelf of New Zealand. Zootaxa 3613 (5): 401-444, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3613.5.1
03EA8790112BFFA7FF4A618AD060FC13.taxon	description	Amphiura arenaria Farquhar, 1913: 214 – 215, figs. 1 – 2, pl. 4 (1 – 2). — Clark, H. L., 1915 a: 224 [synonymised by Mortensen, 1924].	en	Mills, V. Sadie, O'Hara, Timothy D. (2013): Ophiuroids (Echinodermata; Ophiuroidea) of biogenic habitats on the continental shelf of New Zealand. Zootaxa 3613 (5): 401-444, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3613.5.1
03EA8790112BFFA7FF4A618AD060FC13.taxon	materials_examined	Material Examined. Bay of Islands. KAH 0907 / 233, NIWA 58431 (50).	en	Mills, V. Sadie, O'Hara, Timothy D. (2013): Ophiuroids (Echinodermata; Ophiuroidea) of biogenic habitats on the continental shelf of New Zealand. Zootaxa 3613 (5): 401-444, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3613.5.1
03EA8790112BFFA7FF4A618AD060FC13.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Disc finely scaled dorsally and ventrally. Oral shield variable, but longer than wide, widened proximally, with narrower distal extension. 6 – 7 arm spines, second from lowest spine sometimes with serrate ventral edge. Two tentacle scales proximally, reducing to single scale distally.	en	Mills, V. Sadie, O'Hara, Timothy D. (2013): Ophiuroids (Echinodermata; Ophiuroidea) of biogenic habitats on the continental shelf of New Zealand. Zootaxa 3613 (5): 401-444, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3613.5.1
03EA8790112BFFA7FF4A618AD060FC13.taxon	description	Description. See Mortensen (1924).	en	Mills, V. Sadie, O'Hara, Timothy D. (2013): Ophiuroids (Echinodermata; Ophiuroidea) of biogenic habitats on the continental shelf of New Zealand. Zootaxa 3613 (5): 401-444, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3613.5.1
03EA8790112BFFA7FF4A618AD060FC13.taxon	distribution	Distribution. New Zealand (1 – 99 m).	en	Mills, V. Sadie, O'Hara, Timothy D. (2013): Ophiuroids (Echinodermata; Ophiuroidea) of biogenic habitats on the continental shelf of New Zealand. Zootaxa 3613 (5): 401-444, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3613.5.1
03EA8790112BFFA1FF4A63B7D799FACA.taxon	description	Amphiura norae Benham, 1909: 104 – 105, pl. 10 (1 – 3). — Clark, H. L., 1915 a: 235. — Mortensen, 1924: 140. — Fell, 1953: 101. — Fell, 1958: 26 – 27. — Fell, 1960 b: 68. — McKnight, 1967 a: 310 [synonymised by Clark, A. M., 1970]. Amphiura abernethyi Fell, 1951: 1 – 3, figs. 1 – 4. — Fell, 1952: 16 [synonymised by Clark, A. M., 1970]. Hemilepis norae. — Pawson, 1969: 47 – 49, fig. 1.	en	Mills, V. Sadie, O'Hara, Timothy D. (2013): Ophiuroids (Echinodermata; Ophiuroidea) of biogenic habitats on the continental shelf of New Zealand. Zootaxa 3613 (5): 401-444, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3613.5.1
03EA8790112BFFA1FF4A63B7D799FACA.taxon	materials_examined	Material Examined. Bay of Islands. TAN 0906 / 33, NIWA 54894 (1). TAN 0906 / 42, NIWA 55001 (1); NIWA 54999 (2). TAN 0906 / 50, NIWA 55075 (1). TAN 0906 / 205, NIWA 77803 (1). East Coast North Island. TAN 1108 / 203, NIWA 75265 (3). Marlborough Sounds. TAN 1105 / 147, NIWA 73855 (12). West Coast North Island. TAN 1105 / 74, NIWA 73603 (1). Comparative Material. Amphioplus ctenacantha Baker, 1977: NZOI / E 118, Chatham Rise, 43 ° 15´S, 176 ° 0´W, 496 m, 13 / 10 / 1964, identified by McKnight (1967 a) as Amphiura joubini, NIWA 77869 (1). VUZ / 87, Cook Strait, 400 fathoms, 732 m, identified by Fell (1958) as Amphiodia destinata, NIWA 68502 (1). Amphiura cf. joubini,: NMNZ / BS 545, Kaikoura Canyon, 42 ° 29´S, 173 ° 37´E, 1006 – 1097 m, 18 / 3 / 1976, identified by Baker (1977) as Amphiura (Amphiura) lanceolata, NMNZ Ech 2279 (1). Amphiura correcta Koehler, 1907: NMNZ / BS 209, off Mayor Island, Bay of Plenty, 37 ° 20.5´S, 176 ° 26.5´E, 493 m, 27 / 5 / 1957, identified by Fell (1958) as Amphiodia destinata, NMNZ Ech 671 (1). Amphiura lanceolata Lyman, 1879: Challenger / 169, off NE North Island, 37 ° 34´S, 179 ° 22´E, 1302 m, 10 / 7 / 1874, holotype, BMNH 1882.12.23.371 (1).	en	Mills, V. Sadie, O'Hara, Timothy D. (2013): Ophiuroids (Echinodermata; Ophiuroidea) of biogenic habitats on the continental shelf of New Zealand. Zootaxa 3613 (5): 401-444, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3613.5.1
03EA8790112BFFA1FF4A63B7D799FACA.taxon	description	Description. Disc to 14 mm diameter, arms at least 10 times dd. Disc incised interradially, covered with plates dorsally, primaries a little larger than other plates, about 20 scales from centre to interradial margin, scales smaller marginally. Radial shields 2.5 to 5 times as long as wide, proximally divergent separated by 1 – 4 series of plates. Plates on the ventral disc surface restricted to a band along the disc margin and a few rows along the genital slits, otherwise naked except for a few scattered plates, gonads visible. Oral shields spear-head shaped, longer than wide, slightly lobed distally, adorals meet interradially but separated radially. Oral papilla wide, extending along the adoral shield, either consistently low, or forming one or two peaks, the proximal peak generally taller, sometimes as high as the papilla is long. Buccal scale small, pointed and often hidden by the large distal oral papilla. Dorsal arm plates two times as wide as long, with a slightly angled distal margin, just contiguous. Ventral arm plates roughly pentagonal, with a straight to convex distal edge, straight sides and produced proximally, narrowly contiguous. Up to five arm spines, becoming four after a few segments, the second lowest longest, 1.5 segments long, often curved distally at the tip. The middle proximal spines have a long slender sinuous hyaline point. Two tentacles scales, one each on the lateral and ventral arm plates.	en	Mills, V. Sadie, O'Hara, Timothy D. (2013): Ophiuroids (Echinodermata; Ophiuroidea) of biogenic habitats on the continental shelf of New Zealand. Zootaxa 3613 (5): 401-444, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3613.5.1
03EA8790112BFFA1FF4A63B7D799FACA.taxon	distribution	Distribution. New Zealand (0 – 1490 m).	en	Mills, V. Sadie, O'Hara, Timothy D. (2013): Ophiuroids (Echinodermata; Ophiuroidea) of biogenic habitats on the continental shelf of New Zealand. Zootaxa 3613 (5): 401-444, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3613.5.1
03EA8790112BFFA1FF4A63B7D799FACA.taxon	discussion	Remarks. The new specimens largely match the figures and notes of the type drawn by A. M. Clark (1970) with the addition that the distal oral papilla is often produced into one or two peaks and the proximal arm spines usually possess a long slender hyaline tip. This species is known to be variable morphologically, in particular the radial shields are known to elongate and separate with growth (Pawson 1969) leading to a series of names being used. There are a number of similar amphiurid species recorded from New Zealand with two tentacle scales, naked areas of the ventral disc surface, and arm spines terminating in thorns, which has led to erroneous identifications. The Antarctic species Amphiura joubini Koehler, 1912 has been recorded twice from New Zealand (Fell 1958 as A. destinata; McKnight 1967). Specimens from the Ross Sea differ from A. correcta in having up to six arm spines, the lower spines (in particular the second lowest) with a bent tip, pointing proximally for the first few segments and then distally near the disc margin. The spines at the turnover have two thorns pointing in both directions. There are 1 – 2 oral papillae, either cylindrical and elongate, or with a slightly swollen base. The buccal scale is long and prominent. The ventral disc is mostly scaled, only naked or with few scales near the oral shield. The dorsal disc scales have minutely spinose rims. Fell's (1958) specimens from the Bay of Plenty are in fact A. correcta with oral papillae produced into two peaks, while the specimens from Cook Strait and McKnight's (1967) specimen from the Chatham Rise appear to be Amphioplus ctenacantha Baker, 1977. There are numerous specimens in the NIWA collections which are very similar to A. ctenacantha differing only in having a single rather than two pointed distal oral papillae on most jaws. But these specimens can be distinguished from A. correcta in having narrower dorsal arm plates (to 1.5 times as wide as long) and up to six arm spines, the second lowest having a truncate tip with one or two thorns projecting sideways, and lacking the long pointed hyaline arm spine tips on proximal segments. This species will be treated in full in a future manuscript. Amphiura lanceolata Lyman, 1879 was described from a small 5 mm dd specimen off north-eastern New Zealand in 1300 m. This specimen is similar to A. correcta in having large naked areas ventrally, an incised disc, two tentacle scales, and five slender tapering arm spines. A re-examination of the type shows that it differs from A. correcta in having a tall conical blunt hollow distal oral papilla, roughly rectangular ventral arm plates, longer than wide, with concave sides, and arm spines that may be very slightly curved but lack a hyaline tip or terminal thorns. A second specimen was recorded by Baker (1977) but this specimen differs from the type in having a mostly scaled ventral disc and arm spines like A. joubini, although it lacks the spinose rim to the dorsal disc plates and probably represents a new species. The New Zealand species Amphiura rosea Farquhar, 1894, A. aster Farquhar, 1901, Amphiura amokurae Mortensen, 1924 and Amphioplus cipus Baker, 1977 also have two tentacle scales but a fully scaled ventral disc. The relationship between some Amphiura and Amphioplus species requires review. Both A. ctenacantha and A. cipus can have 1 or 2 spiniform distal oral papillae on the oral plate, frequently varying even on the same animal.	en	Mills, V. Sadie, O'Hara, Timothy D. (2013): Ophiuroids (Echinodermata; Ophiuroidea) of biogenic habitats on the continental shelf of New Zealand. Zootaxa 3613 (5): 401-444, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3613.5.1
03EA8790112DFFA1FF4A65F1D09DF882.taxon	materials_examined	Material Examined. Otago. TAN 1108 / 67, NIWA 74444 (6).	en	Mills, V. Sadie, O'Hara, Timothy D. (2013): Ophiuroids (Echinodermata; Ophiuroidea) of biogenic habitats on the continental shelf of New Zealand. Zootaxa 3613 (5): 401-444, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3613.5.1
03EA8790112DFFA1FF4A65F1D09DF882.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Disc scaled dorsally, naked skin ventrally except for a row of genital scales, and fringe of scales at ventral disc margin. Single tentacle scale, 10 – 12 arm spines almost meeting at dorsal midline, flattened, ventralmost and middle spines hooked or serrate at tip.	en	Mills, V. Sadie, O'Hara, Timothy D. (2013): Ophiuroids (Echinodermata; Ophiuroidea) of biogenic habitats on the continental shelf of New Zealand. Zootaxa 3613 (5): 401-444, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3613.5.1
03EA8790112DFFA1FF4A65F1D09DF882.taxon	description	Description. See Fell (1952 a).	en	Mills, V. Sadie, O'Hara, Timothy D. (2013): Ophiuroids (Echinodermata; Ophiuroidea) of biogenic habitats on the continental shelf of New Zealand. Zootaxa 3613 (5): 401-444, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3613.5.1
03EA8790112DFFA1FF4A65F1D09DF882.taxon	distribution	Distribution. New Zealand (26 – 117 m).	en	Mills, V. Sadie, O'Hara, Timothy D. (2013): Ophiuroids (Echinodermata; Ophiuroidea) of biogenic habitats on the continental shelf of New Zealand. Zootaxa 3613 (5): 401-444, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3613.5.1
03EA8790112DFFA0FF4A6739D09CFE38.taxon	description	Pandelia hinemoae. — McKnight, 1967 a: 311.	en	Mills, V. Sadie, O'Hara, Timothy D. (2013): Ophiuroids (Echinodermata; Ophiuroidea) of biogenic habitats on the continental shelf of New Zealand. Zootaxa 3613 (5): 401-444, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3613.5.1
03EA8790112DFFA0FF4A6739D09CFE38.taxon	materials_examined	Material Examined. Bay of Islands. TAN 0906 / 36, NIWA 54951 (1). TAN 0906 / 65, NIWA 55252 (1). North Canterbury. TAN 1108 / 6, NIWA 74076 (1). West Coast North Island. TAN 1105 / 78, NIWA 77790 (2). Diagnosis. Disc scaled dorsally, naked skin ventrally except for rim of scales near disc margin. Five distinct primary plates with white spots in the centre surrounded by dark ring. Three arm spines, single small tentacle scale. Description. See Mortensen (1924)	en	Mills, V. Sadie, O'Hara, Timothy D. (2013): Ophiuroids (Echinodermata; Ophiuroidea) of biogenic habitats on the continental shelf of New Zealand. Zootaxa 3613 (5): 401-444, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3613.5.1
03EA8790112DFFA0FF4A6739D09CFE38.taxon	distribution	Distribution. New Zealand (15 – 684 m).	en	Mills, V. Sadie, O'Hara, Timothy D. (2013): Ophiuroids (Echinodermata; Ophiuroidea) of biogenic habitats on the continental shelf of New Zealand. Zootaxa 3613 (5): 401-444, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3613.5.1
03EA8790112CFFA3FF4A61ACD098F9D4.taxon	description	Monamphiura magellanica. — Bernasconi, 1965: 149 – 150, pl. 1 (3 – 4). — McKnight, 1967 a: 311. — Castillo-Alarcón, 1968: 33 – 34, fig. L. Amphiura (Amphiura) magellanica. — Rowe & Gates, 1995: 349.	en	Mills, V. Sadie, O'Hara, Timothy D. (2013): Ophiuroids (Echinodermata; Ophiuroidea) of biogenic habitats on the continental shelf of New Zealand. Zootaxa 3613 (5): 401-444, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3613.5.1
03EA8790112CFFA3FF4A61ACD098F9D4.taxon	materials_examined	Material Examined. Bay of Islands. TAN 0906 / 96, NIWA 77794 (7). TAN 0906 / 105, NIWA 77792 (2). TAN 0906 / 170, NIWA 56995 (2). TAN 0906 / 235, NIWA 77777 (1). East Coast North Island. TAN 1108 / 179, NIWA 77771 (100). TAN 1108 / 197, NIWA 77779 (4). Far North. TAN 0906 / 152, NIWA 77793 (1). Otago. TAN 1108 / 148, NIWA 77619 (2); NIWA 77778 (4). Stewart Island. TAN 1108 / 77, NIWA 77780 (1). Three Kings Islands. TAN 1105 / 35, NIWA 77776 (6). Comparative Material. Amphiura argentea Lyman, 1879: Challenger / 171, Kermadec Islands, 28 ° 33´S, 177 ° 50´W, 1116 m, 15 / 7 / 1874, holotype, BMNH 1882.12.23.373 (1).	en	Mills, V. Sadie, O'Hara, Timothy D. (2013): Ophiuroids (Echinodermata; Ophiuroidea) of biogenic habitats on the continental shelf of New Zealand. Zootaxa 3613 (5): 401-444, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3613.5.1
03EA8790112CFFA3FF4A61ACD098F9D4.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Disc finely scaled dorsally and ventrally. 6 – 7 arm spines, reducing to five by mid-arm. Ventralmost arm spine elongated and downward projecting on mid arm segments. Single, large, leaf-like tentacle scale.	en	Mills, V. Sadie, O'Hara, Timothy D. (2013): Ophiuroids (Echinodermata; Ophiuroidea) of biogenic habitats on the continental shelf of New Zealand. Zootaxa 3613 (5): 401-444, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3613.5.1
03EA8790112CFFA3FF4A61ACD098F9D4.taxon	description	Description. See Mortensen (1924).	en	Mills, V. Sadie, O'Hara, Timothy D. (2013): Ophiuroids (Echinodermata; Ophiuroidea) of biogenic habitats on the continental shelf of New Zealand. Zootaxa 3613 (5): 401-444, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3613.5.1
03EA8790112CFFA3FF4A61ACD098F9D4.taxon	distribution	Distribution. New Zealand (5 – 1080 m), Macquarie Ridge (15 – 1400 m), south-eastern Australia (163 – 1200 m), South America (1 – 419 m), Gough Island (1 – 140 m).	en	Mills, V. Sadie, O'Hara, Timothy D. (2013): Ophiuroids (Echinodermata; Ophiuroidea) of biogenic habitats on the continental shelf of New Zealand. Zootaxa 3613 (5): 401-444, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3613.5.1
03EA8790112CFFA3FF4A61ACD098F9D4.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Mortensen (1924) distinguished this species from the closely similar Amphiura spinipes by its slightly more robust appearance. The arm spines of A. spinipes are more slender and the dorsal arm plates and radial shields are more elongated and narrow. These slight morphological differences are confirmed by life history characters; A. magellanica has larger eggs (0.2 vs. 0.1 mm diameter) and is viviparous. While these differences are real and indicate separate species, it can be very difficult to identify individual specimens. Since the distinguishing characters are relative in nature, a range of specimens are required to determine which are more slender than the others, and animals do not always carry mature eggs or juveniles. The situation is further confused by the likely presence of additional cryptic species that also have elongated ventral arm spines. Mortensen (1924) recorded an undescribed species with elongated ventral arm spines from the Hauraki Gulf. The 4 mm dd holotype (and only known specimen) of Amphiura argentea Lyman, 1879 from the Kermadec Ridge has a single oval tentacle scale, short radial shields (twice as long as wide, 1 / 8 dd in length), and a flat rounded distal oral papilla. There are six stout blunt arm spines at the arm base, which can be slightly bent and / or have a thorn on one side of the apex. By the 17 th segment the ventral arm spine is much lengthened, two segments in length, and slightly curved. Distally, the four arm spines are more slender, but the lowest is still twice as long as the other spines, 1.5 – 2 arm segments in length. The arm spines are not equally elongated as described and shown by Lyman (1879, 1882). Amphiura latisquama (Mortensen, 1924) n. comb.	en	Mills, V. Sadie, O'Hara, Timothy D. (2013): Ophiuroids (Echinodermata; Ophiuroidea) of biogenic habitats on the continental shelf of New Zealand. Zootaxa 3613 (5): 401-444, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3613.5.1
03EA8790112CFFA3FF4A61ACD098F9D4.taxon	description	Amphiura eugeniae var latisquama Mortensen, 1924: 142 – 144, fig. 21. Amphioplus longirima Fell, 1952: 18 – 19, figs. 8 – 10. — Fell, 1958: 28. — McKnight, 1967 a: 312 [new synonymy]. Amphiura eugeniae. — McKnight, 1967 a: 310 (in part) [Non Amphiura eugeniae Ljungman A V, 1867].	en	Mills, V. Sadie, O'Hara, Timothy D. (2013): Ophiuroids (Echinodermata; Ophiuroidea) of biogenic habitats on the continental shelf of New Zealand. Zootaxa 3613 (5): 401-444, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3613.5.1
03EA8790112CFFA3FF4A61ACD098F9D4.taxon	materials_examined	Material Examined. West Coast North Island. TAN 1105 / 80, NIWA 77866 (1). TAN 1105 / 88, NIWA 77867 (1). Comparative Material. Amphiura latisquama (Mortensen, 1924): K 7 / 73 / 41, Bass Strait, east of North Point, Flinders Island, 39 ° 44.5´S, 148 ° 49´E, 421 m, 24 / 11 / 1973, MV F 52682 (1). SLOPE / 32, South of Point Hicks, 38 ° 21.9´S, 149 ° 20´E to 38 ° 21.4´S, 149 ° 20.9´E, 1000 m, 23 / 7 / 1986, MV F 93211 (1). SLOPE / 48, Off Freycinet Peninsula, 41 ° 57.5´S, 148 ° 37.9´E, 400 m, 27 / 7 / 1986, MV F 93214 (6). SS 04 / 04 / 82, Banks Strait, 40 ° 38.42´S, 148 ° 47.27´E, 168 m, 25 / 4 / 2004, MV F 101722 (1). SS 10 / 2005 / 44, Albany, 35 ° 26.046´S, 118 ° 21´E to 35 ° 26.244´S, 118 ° 21.06´E, 900 – 915 m, 25 / 11 / 2005, MV F 112620 (1).	en	Mills, V. Sadie, O'Hara, Timothy D. (2013): Ophiuroids (Echinodermata; Ophiuroidea) of biogenic habitats on the continental shelf of New Zealand. Zootaxa 3613 (5): 401-444, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3613.5.1
03EA8790112CFFA3FF4A61ACD098F9D4.taxon	description	Description. Disc to 9.5 mm dd, arms at least 7 times dd. Disc petaloid, incised interradially and notched radially, fully scaled dorsally and ventrally, disc plates to 0.2 mm wide, smaller interradially and ventrally, primaries evident but not prominent, radial shields 1 / 5 – 1 / 6 dd, 3 – 4 times as long as wide, rounded to crescent shaped, proximally divergent. Oral shields spear-head shaped, widest distally, 2 times as long as wide, slightly lobed distally, adoral shields just separated or meeting interradially, separated radially by first ventral arm plate. Two (rarely 1 or 3) distal oral papillae, inner largest, rounded or triangular, flattened, on adoral plate. Outer papilla small to rudimentary, either adjacent to the inner one on the adoral shield, or shifted distally to lie over the second oral tentacle pore and leaving a small diastema. Dorsal arm plates 2 – 3 times as wide as long, rounded quadrangular, slightly produced proximally, just contiguous. Ventral arm plates 1.5 – 2 times as wide as long, quadrangular, often with a concave distal and convex proximal edge, contiguous. Up to 5 arm spines basally on larger specimens, reducing to 4 then 3 distally. All spines cylindrical with a blunt rounded tip, 2 nd lowest longest and thickest, sometimes slightly capitate, to 1.5 segments. Two tentacle scales, one on each of the ventral and lateral arm plate. Small specimens (<5 mm dd) with 4 then 3 arm spines, all less than a segment in length, and narrower ventral arm plates, just wider than long. Female gonads with eggs 0.1 mm diameter, viviparity not observed.	en	Mills, V. Sadie, O'Hara, Timothy D. (2013): Ophiuroids (Echinodermata; Ophiuroidea) of biogenic habitats on the continental shelf of New Zealand. Zootaxa 3613 (5): 401-444, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3613.5.1
03EA8790112CFFA3FF4A61ACD098F9D4.taxon	distribution	Distribution. New Zealand (230 – 1153 m), southern Australia (168 – 1608 m), Lord Howe Rise (650 m).	en	Mills, V. Sadie, O'Hara, Timothy D. (2013): Ophiuroids (Echinodermata; Ophiuroidea) of biogenic habitats on the continental shelf of New Zealand. Zootaxa 3613 (5): 401-444, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3613.5.1
03EA8790112CFFA3FF4A61ACD098F9D4.taxon	discussion	Remarks. The new material is very similar to the single damaged specimen from an unknown New Zealand location described by Mortensen (1924) as Amphiura eugeniae var latisquama, which we recognise as a distinct species. The magellanic A. eugeniae Ljungman, 1867 differs in having narrower ventral arm plates, longer than wide, and its viviparous reproductive habit (Mortensen 1924; 1936). The species Amphiura antarctica Studer, 1876 from Kerguelen and surrounding subantarctic islands, sometimes treated as a subspecies of A. eugeniae, differs in lacking the small distal oral papilla (Mortensen, 1924; 1936). This species could be assigned to the subgenus Amphioplus (Unioplus) on the basis of its oral papillae, with two distal papillae, a buccal scale and pair of infradental papillae (A. M. Clark 1970). However, its obvious relationship with A. antarctica, which lacks a small distal papilla, casts doubt on the utility of these subgeneric distinctions. Consequently, it is retained in Amphiura until a more comprehensive revision is carried out. The nominal species Amphioplus longirima Fell, 1952 is a synonym of A. latisquama. The 5 mm dd type, collected from 300 m on the Chatham Rise, is apparently lost, but the type description and figures are very similar to smaller specimens examined for this study, having slightly shorter and less numerous arm spines than the type specimen of A. latisquama. Amphiura latisquama is herein also reported from the upper slope across southern Australia for the first time. The New Zealand species Amphioplus pegasus Baker, 1977 has similar oral papillae but only one tentacle scale and three arm spines.	en	Mills, V. Sadie, O'Hara, Timothy D. (2013): Ophiuroids (Echinodermata; Ophiuroidea) of biogenic habitats on the continental shelf of New Zealand. Zootaxa 3613 (5): 401-444, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3613.5.1
03EA8790112FFFA2FF4A66C8D092FF4A.taxon	description	Monamphiura pusilla. — McKnight, 1967 a: 311.	en	Mills, V. Sadie, O'Hara, Timothy D. (2013): Ophiuroids (Echinodermata; Ophiuroidea) of biogenic habitats on the continental shelf of New Zealand. Zootaxa 3613 (5): 401-444, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3613.5.1
03EA8790112FFFA2FF4A66C8D092FF4A.taxon	materials_examined	Material Examined. Bay of Islands. KAH 0907 / 195, NIWA 77877 (1).	en	Mills, V. Sadie, O'Hara, Timothy D. (2013): Ophiuroids (Echinodermata; Ophiuroidea) of biogenic habitats on the continental shelf of New Zealand. Zootaxa 3613 (5): 401-444, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3613.5.1
03EA8790112FFFA2FF4A66C8D092FF4A.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Scaled dorsally and ventrally. Oral shield with rounded margins. 5 – 6 bluntly pointed arm spines, reducing to 4 then 3 distally, as long as an arm segment, except for dorsal-most spine, which is shorter. Single large leaf-like tentacle scale.	en	Mills, V. Sadie, O'Hara, Timothy D. (2013): Ophiuroids (Echinodermata; Ophiuroidea) of biogenic habitats on the continental shelf of New Zealand. Zootaxa 3613 (5): 401-444, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3613.5.1
03EA8790112FFFA2FF4A66C8D092FF4A.taxon	description	Description. See Mortensen (1924).	en	Mills, V. Sadie, O'Hara, Timothy D. (2013): Ophiuroids (Echinodermata; Ophiuroidea) of biogenic habitats on the continental shelf of New Zealand. Zootaxa 3613 (5): 401-444, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3613.5.1
03EA8790112FFFA2FF4A66C8D092FF4A.taxon	distribution	Distribution. New Zealand (9 – 140 m).	en	Mills, V. Sadie, O'Hara, Timothy D. (2013): Ophiuroids (Echinodermata; Ophiuroidea) of biogenic habitats on the continental shelf of New Zealand. Zootaxa 3613 (5): 401-444, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3613.5.1
03EA8790112EFFA2FF4A6171D092FD24.taxon	description	Amphiura parva. — Clark, H. L., 1915 a: 230, pl. 5 (10 – 12) [Non Amphipholis squamata (Delle Chiaje S, 1828)].	en	Mills, V. Sadie, O'Hara, Timothy D. (2013): Ophiuroids (Echinodermata; Ophiuroidea) of biogenic habitats on the continental shelf of New Zealand. Zootaxa 3613 (5): 401-444, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3613.5.1
03EA8790112EFFA2FF4A6171D092FD24.taxon	materials_examined	Material Examined. Bay of Islands. KAH 0907 / 226, NIWA 58430 (1).	en	Mills, V. Sadie, O'Hara, Timothy D. (2013): Ophiuroids (Echinodermata; Ophiuroidea) of biogenic habitats on the continental shelf of New Zealand. Zootaxa 3613 (5): 401-444, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3613.5.1
03EA8790112EFFA2FF4A6171D092FD24.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Disc scaled dorsally and ventrally. Oral shield variable, but about as wide as long. Five sharp pointed arm spines, reducing to 4 then 3 spines distally. Two tentacle scales throughout arm, though sometimes 1 on proximal pores. Reddish-pink tinge to plates.	en	Mills, V. Sadie, O'Hara, Timothy D. (2013): Ophiuroids (Echinodermata; Ophiuroidea) of biogenic habitats on the continental shelf of New Zealand. Zootaxa 3613 (5): 401-444, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3613.5.1
03EA8790112EFFA2FF4A6171D092FD24.taxon	description	Description. See Mortensen (1924).	en	Mills, V. Sadie, O'Hara, Timothy D. (2013): Ophiuroids (Echinodermata; Ophiuroidea) of biogenic habitats on the continental shelf of New Zealand. Zootaxa 3613 (5): 401-444, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3613.5.1
03EA8790112EFFA2FF4A6171D092FD24.taxon	distribution	Distribution. New Zealand (0 – 252 m).	en	Mills, V. Sadie, O'Hara, Timothy D. (2013): Ophiuroids (Echinodermata; Ophiuroidea) of biogenic habitats on the continental shelf of New Zealand. Zootaxa 3613 (5): 401-444, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3613.5.1
03EA8790112EFFA2FF4A6358D06FFB19.taxon	materials_examined	Material Examined. Otago. TAN 1108 / 117, NIWA 77768 (2).	en	Mills, V. Sadie, O'Hara, Timothy D. (2013): Ophiuroids (Echinodermata; Ophiuroidea) of biogenic habitats on the continental shelf of New Zealand. Zootaxa 3613 (5): 401-444, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3613.5.1
03EA8790112EFFA2FF4A6358D06FFB19.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Disc finely scaled dorsally and ventrally. Six, rarely 7 arm spines, reducing to 5 by mid-arm. Ventral-most arm spine elongated, slender and downward projecting on mid arm segments. Single, large, leaf-like tentacle scale.	en	Mills, V. Sadie, O'Hara, Timothy D. (2013): Ophiuroids (Echinodermata; Ophiuroidea) of biogenic habitats on the continental shelf of New Zealand. Zootaxa 3613 (5): 401-444, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3613.5.1
03EA8790112EFFA2FF4A6358D06FFB19.taxon	description	Description. See Mortensen (1924).	en	Mills, V. Sadie, O'Hara, Timothy D. (2013): Ophiuroids (Echinodermata; Ophiuroidea) of biogenic habitats on the continental shelf of New Zealand. Zootaxa 3613 (5): 401-444, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3613.5.1
03EA8790112EFFA2FF4A6358D06FFB19.taxon	distribution	Distribution. New Zealand (22 – 1378 m).	en	Mills, V. Sadie, O'Hara, Timothy D. (2013): Ophiuroids (Echinodermata; Ophiuroidea) of biogenic habitats on the continental shelf of New Zealand. Zootaxa 3613 (5): 401-444, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3613.5.1
03EA8790112EFFA2FF4A6358D06FFB19.taxon	discussion	Remarks. See A mphiura magellanica.	en	Mills, V. Sadie, O'Hara, Timothy D. (2013): Ophiuroids (Echinodermata; Ophiuroidea) of biogenic habitats on the continental shelf of New Zealand. Zootaxa 3613 (5): 401-444, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3613.5.1
03EA8790112EFFA2FF4A648AD111F9AF.taxon	materials_examined	Material Examined. West Coast North Island. TAN 1105 / 88, NIWA 77787 (1). TAN 1105 / 104, NIWA 77789 (1). TAN 1105 / 115, NIWA 73742 (1). TAN 1105 / 128, NIWA 73774 (3). TAN 1105 / 137, NIWA 77788 (3).	en	Mills, V. Sadie, O'Hara, Timothy D. (2013): Ophiuroids (Echinodermata; Ophiuroidea) of biogenic habitats on the continental shelf of New Zealand. Zootaxa 3613 (5): 401-444, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3613.5.1
03EA8790112EFFA2FF4A648AD111F9AF.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Disc scaled dorsally, naked ventrally except for disc margin. 5 – 6 arm spines, middle 2 – 3 spinose with hammulate tips. Single tentacle scale over most of arm.	en	Mills, V. Sadie, O'Hara, Timothy D. (2013): Ophiuroids (Echinodermata; Ophiuroidea) of biogenic habitats on the continental shelf of New Zealand. Zootaxa 3613 (5): 401-444, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3613.5.1
03EA8790112EFFA2FF4A648AD111F9AF.taxon	description	Description. See Baker (1974).	en	Mills, V. Sadie, O'Hara, Timothy D. (2013): Ophiuroids (Echinodermata; Ophiuroidea) of biogenic habitats on the continental shelf of New Zealand. Zootaxa 3613 (5): 401-444, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3613.5.1
03EA8790112EFFA2FF4A648AD111F9AF.taxon	distribution	Distribution. northern New Zealand (182 – 390 m).	en	Mills, V. Sadie, O'Hara, Timothy D. (2013): Ophiuroids (Echinodermata; Ophiuroidea) of biogenic habitats on the continental shelf of New Zealand. Zootaxa 3613 (5): 401-444, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3613.5.1
03EA8790112EFFBCFF4A66D3D32CFD52.taxon	description	Ophiocentrus novaezelandiae Gislén, 1926: 13. — Fell, 1958: 28. Ophiocentrus novae-zelandiae. — Mortensen, 1936: 287 - 288. — Fell, 1952: 23.	en	Mills, V. Sadie, O'Hara, Timothy D. (2013): Ophiuroids (Echinodermata; Ophiuroidea) of biogenic habitats on the continental shelf of New Zealand. Zootaxa 3613 (5): 401-444, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3613.5.1
03EA8790112EFFBCFF4A66D3D32CFD52.taxon	materials_examined	Material Examined. Bay of Islands. TAN 0906 / 2, NIWA 54394 (1). TAN 0906 / 90, NIWA 55578 (2). TAN 0906 / 232, NIWA 57322 (1). Marlborough Sounds. TAN 1105 / 147, NIWA 77912 (2). Three Kings Islands. TAN 1105 / 35, NIWA 77908 (1). West Coast North Island. TAN 1105 / 78, NIWA 73620 (1). TAN 1105 / 80, NIWA 73641 (1).	en	Mills, V. Sadie, O'Hara, Timothy D. (2013): Ophiuroids (Echinodermata; Ophiuroidea) of biogenic habitats on the continental shelf of New Zealand. Zootaxa 3613 (5): 401-444, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3613.5.1
03EA8790112EFFBCFF4A66D3D32CFD52.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Even cover of spines on dorsal and ventral disc plates. 6 – 10 modified arm spines (see remarks on various morphological forms below). Large tentacle pores with no scale.	en	Mills, V. Sadie, O'Hara, Timothy D. (2013): Ophiuroids (Echinodermata; Ophiuroidea) of biogenic habitats on the continental shelf of New Zealand. Zootaxa 3613 (5): 401-444, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3613.5.1
03EA8790112EFFBCFF4A66D3D32CFD52.taxon	description	Description. See Mortensen (1924).	en	Mills, V. Sadie, O'Hara, Timothy D. (2013): Ophiuroids (Echinodermata; Ophiuroidea) of biogenic habitats on the continental shelf of New Zealand. Zootaxa 3613 (5): 401-444, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3613.5.1
03EA8790112EFFBCFF4A66D3D32CFD52.taxon	distribution	Distribution. New Zealand (1 – 275 m).	en	Mills, V. Sadie, O'Hara, Timothy D. (2013): Ophiuroids (Echinodermata; Ophiuroidea) of biogenic habitats on the continental shelf of New Zealand. Zootaxa 3613 (5): 401-444, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3613.5.1
03EA8790112EFFBCFF4A66D3D32CFD52.taxon	discussion	Remarks. At least three morphological forms were found amongst the examined material, one similar to Ophiocentrus verticillatus (Döderlein, 1896), with 9 – 10 paddle-shaped arm spines, and a triangular shaped distal oral papilla, another form similar to Philippine species Ophiocentrus aspera (Koehler, 1905), which has 6 – 7 arm spines with the middle spines modified into hooks. The third morphological group has 6 – 7 simple pointed arm spines with variation in the appearance of the disc spines, and match descriptions of specimens contained within Ophiocentrus pilosa (Lyman, 1879) according to Mortensen (1924) and later referred to O. novaezelandiae by Clark (1966). There is a high level of individual variation in Ophiocentrus specimens, which adds to the difficulty of finding reliable distinguishing characters (Mortensen 1924). The New Zealand diversity of Ophiocentrus species is potentially as high as in tropical areas, but we are reluctant to separate these specimens until a wider review of the Amphiuridae including genetic data is completed. A similar situation exists for south-east Australian specimens (O'Hara 1998).	en	Mills, V. Sadie, O'Hara, Timothy D. (2013): Ophiuroids (Echinodermata; Ophiuroidea) of biogenic habitats on the continental shelf of New Zealand. Zootaxa 3613 (5): 401-444, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3613.5.1
03EA87901130FFBCFF4A6330D035F9F4.taxon	description	Ophiacantha longidens. — Lyman, 1882: 192, pl. 25 (7 – 9). — Clark, H. L., 1915 a: 207. — O'Hara & Stöhr, 2006: 41 – 43, fig. 1 a – c. Ophiacantha confusa Koehler, 1905: 59 – 60, pl. 7 (9 – 11). — Clark, H. L., 1915 a: 197. — Clark, H. L., 1921: 105. — Clark, H. L., 1946: 184 – 185. — Rowe & Gates, 1995: 371 [synonymised by O'Hara & Stöhr, 2006]. Ophiacantha graphica Koehler, 1922: 51 – 53, pl. 18 (4 – 5). — Koehler, 1930: 58 - 59 [synonymised by O'Hara & Stöhr, 2006]. Ophiacantha tenuispina Clark, H. L., 1938: 210 – 211. — Clark, H. L., 1946: 185. — Clark, A. M. & Rowe, 1971: 78 – 79, 93. — Rowe & Gates, 1995: 373 [synonymised by O'Hara & Stöhr, 2006]. Ophiacantha dumosa Clark, A. H., 1949: 18 – 19, fig. 6 a – b [synonymised by O'Hara & Stöhr, 2006].	en	Mills, V. Sadie, O'Hara, Timothy D. (2013): Ophiuroids (Echinodermata; Ophiuroidea) of biogenic habitats on the continental shelf of New Zealand. Zootaxa 3613 (5): 401-444, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3613.5.1
03EA87901130FFBCFF4A6330D035F9F4.taxon	materials_examined	Material Examined. Bay of Islands. TAN 0906 / 18, NIWA 54602 (1).	en	Mills, V. Sadie, O'Hara, Timothy D. (2013): Ophiuroids (Echinodermata; Ophiuroidea) of biogenic habitats on the continental shelf of New Zealand. Zootaxa 3613 (5): 401-444, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3613.5.1
03EA87901130FFBCFF4A6330D035F9F4.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Disc densely covered in spinelets with at least 3 terminal thorns. Distal edge of radial shields visible but still covered in disc spinelets. Large blunt apical papilla and 3 – 4 finely spiny bluntly-pointed oral papillae on each side of the jaw. Arm plates striated, arms narrowing between the spine ridges. 8 – 9 (up to 12 in large specimens) thorny arm spines decreasing in length ventrally, dorsal-most 3 – 4 arm segments long. Single long, sharp tentacle scale.	en	Mills, V. Sadie, O'Hara, Timothy D. (2013): Ophiuroids (Echinodermata; Ophiuroidea) of biogenic habitats on the continental shelf of New Zealand. Zootaxa 3613 (5): 401-444, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3613.5.1
03EA87901130FFBCFF4A6330D035F9F4.taxon	description	Description. See O'Hara & Stöhr (2006).	en	Mills, V. Sadie, O'Hara, Timothy D. (2013): Ophiuroids (Echinodermata; Ophiuroidea) of biogenic habitats on the continental shelf of New Zealand. Zootaxa 3613 (5): 401-444, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3613.5.1
03EA87901130FFBCFF4A6330D035F9F4.taxon	distribution	Distribution. New Zealand (123 – 1478 m), northern Australia (16 – 83 m), New Caledonia (210 – 675 m), Indonesia (36 – 245 m), Philippines (176 – 465 m), Hawaii (468 – 518 m).	en	Mills, V. Sadie, O'Hara, Timothy D. (2013): Ophiuroids (Echinodermata; Ophiuroidea) of biogenic habitats on the continental shelf of New Zealand. Zootaxa 3613 (5): 401-444, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3613.5.1
03EA87901130FFBCFF4A6330D035F9F4.taxon	discussion	Remarks. This is the first record of this species from New Zealand waters. The preserved specimen has a dark brown spot or stripe on the midline of the proximal dorsal arm plates, and a mottled dark and light banding pattern on the dorsal and lateral arm plates.	en	Mills, V. Sadie, O'Hara, Timothy D. (2013): Ophiuroids (Echinodermata; Ophiuroidea) of biogenic habitats on the continental shelf of New Zealand. Zootaxa 3613 (5): 401-444, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3613.5.1
03EA87901130FFBEFF4A66E8D10CFE32.taxon	description	Ophiacantha imago. — McKnight, 1967 a: 307 (in part) [Non Ophiacantha imago Lyman T, 1878]. Ophiacantha vilis. — McKnight, 1967 a: 308 [Non Ophiacantha vilis Mortensen T, 1924]. Ophiacantha sollicita. — McKnight, 1984: 144 [Non Ophiacantha sollicita Koehler R, 1922]. Ophiacantha brachygnatha. — O'Hara, 1990: 297 (in part) [Non Ophiacantha brachygnatha Clark H L, 1928].	en	Mills, V. Sadie, O'Hara, Timothy D. (2013): Ophiuroids (Echinodermata; Ophiuroidea) of biogenic habitats on the continental shelf of New Zealand. Zootaxa 3613 (5): 401-444, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3613.5.1
03EA87901130FFBEFF4A66E8D10CFE32.taxon	materials_examined	Material Examined. Otago. TAN 1108 / 117, NIWA 74740 (4). Comparative Material. Ophiacantha brachygnatha H. L. Clark, 1928: TAN 0104 / 336, Zombie Seamount, 42 ° 46.07´S, 179 ° 55.31´W, 955 – 890 m, 20 / 4 / 2001, NIWA 44650 (40). Ophiacantha fidelis (Koehler, 1930): NZOI / A 917, Chatham Rise, 43 ° 55.98´S, 179 ° 15´W, 203 m, identified by McKnight (1967 a) as Ophiacantha imago, NIWA 79559 (500). S 03 / 84 / 74, Off Maria Island, 42 ° 41´S, 148 ° 25´E, 320 – 480 m, 25 / 6 / 1984, MV F 52721 (300). TAN 0308 / 136, South Norfolk Ridge, 33 ° 23.6´S, 170 ° 12.38´E to 33 ° 23.43´S, 170 ° 11.75´E, 469 – 490 m, 1 / 6 / 2003, MV F 99716 (500). Ophiacantha otagoensis Fell, 1958: TAN 0803 / 63, Macquarie Ridge, Seamount 6, 52 ° 29.24´S, 160 ° 24.9´E to 52 ° 29.03´S, 160 ° 24.55´E, 350 – 560 m, 9 / 4 / 2008, NIWA 40089 (114).	en	Mills, V. Sadie, O'Hara, Timothy D. (2013): Ophiuroids (Echinodermata; Ophiuroidea) of biogenic habitats on the continental shelf of New Zealand. Zootaxa 3613 (5): 401-444, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3613.5.1
03EA87901130FFBEFF4A66E8D10CFE32.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Disc covered in minute spinelets with 3 – 6 terminal thorns, radial shields obscured, but visible as raised white bars beneath spines. Dorsal arm plates bell shaped, and separate, though contiguous on basal segments in large animals. Seven arm spines at base, finely thorny, decreasing in length ventrally. Single, narrow and pointed tentacle scale.	en	Mills, V. Sadie, O'Hara, Timothy D. (2013): Ophiuroids (Echinodermata; Ophiuroidea) of biogenic habitats on the continental shelf of New Zealand. Zootaxa 3613 (5): 401-444, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3613.5.1
03EA87901130FFBEFF4A66E8D10CFE32.taxon	description	Description. See Fell (1958).	en	Mills, V. Sadie, O'Hara, Timothy D. (2013): Ophiuroids (Echinodermata; Ophiuroidea) of biogenic habitats on the continental shelf of New Zealand. Zootaxa 3613 (5): 401-444, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3613.5.1
03EA87901130FFBEFF4A66E8D10CFE32.taxon	distribution	Distribution. New Zealand (68 – 999 m), northern Macquarie Ridge (119 – 560 m), Tasman Sea (785 – 820 m).	en	Mills, V. Sadie, O'Hara, Timothy D. (2013): Ophiuroids (Echinodermata; Ophiuroidea) of biogenic habitats on the continental shelf of New Zealand. Zootaxa 3613 (5): 401-444, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3613.5.1
03EA87901130FFBEFF4A66E8D10CFE32.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Although Baker & Devaney (1981) synonymised Ophiacantha abyssicola var. otagoensis with O. brachygnatha from south-eastern Australia, we recognise O. otagoensis as a distinct species, differing from O. brachygnatha in having arms that are not particularly moniliform, nor typically curved under their body as in O. brachygnatha. The dorsal arm plates are narrowly contiguous on basal segments of larger animals. There are often notable white bars of colour over the radial shields. Both species have bell-shaped dorsal arm plates, small tentacle scales, and minute disc spinelets with 3 – 6 terminal thorns. Both species occur in New Zealand, with O. brachygnatha typically epizoic on corals and sponges on seamounts, the arms firmly grasping the host, whereas O. otagoensis appears to occur opportunistically on hard substrata or over sessile organisms. Ophiacantha otagoensis has been found in large numbers on seamounts on the northern Macquarie Ridge (Fig. 7). Four other south-western Pacific species of Ophiacantha are similar to O. otagoensis. The tropical Ophiacantha pentagona Koehler, 1897 has strongly noded arms with wide dorsal arm plates restricted to the distal edge of the expanded arm " node ". Ophiacantha renekoehleri O'Hara & Stöhr, 2006 has elongated adoral plates that extend around the lateral margins of the oral shield. Ophiacantha fidelis Koehler, 1930 has minute sparse disc granules that are microscopically thorny near the disc centre. Ophiacantha fidelis has also been found in dense aggregations off Tasmania (Blaber et al. 1987) and on the South Norfolk Ridge and Chatham Rise (see comparative material examined above). Finally, Ophiacantha vilis Mortensen, 1924 differs in having a much larger tentacle scale, at least 2 / 3 as long as the ventral arm plate.	en	Mills, V. Sadie, O'Hara, Timothy D. (2013): Ophiuroids (Echinodermata; Ophiuroidea) of biogenic habitats on the continental shelf of New Zealand. Zootaxa 3613 (5): 401-444, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3613.5.1
03EA87901132FFBEFF4A61A9D631FA7F.taxon	description	Ophiacantha bisquamata Matsumoto, 1915: 62 – 63. — Clark, H. L., 1915: 206. — Matsumoto, 1917: 120 – 122, fig. 31. — Murakami, 1944: 251. — Clark, A. H., 1949: 17 [synonymised by O'Hara & Stöhr, 2006]. Ophiotreta valenciennesi. — Koehler, 1922: 84, pl. 16 (4), 93 (6). — Koehler, 1930: 66 – 67 (in part). — Mortensen, 1933 c: fig. 19 b, 21 i. — O'Hara & Stöhr, 2006: 62 – 63, fig. 5 a – d, 17 p. Ophiotreta bisquamata. — Koehler, 1930: 64 – 65.	en	Mills, V. Sadie, O'Hara, Timothy D. (2013): Ophiuroids (Echinodermata; Ophiuroidea) of biogenic habitats on the continental shelf of New Zealand. Zootaxa 3613 (5): 401-444, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3613.5.1
03EA87901132FFBEFF4A61A9D631FA7F.taxon	materials_examined	Material Examined. Bay of Islands. TAN 0906 / 178, NIWA 57071 (4). East Coast North Island. TAN 1108 / 253, NIWA 77876 (1). Comparative Material. Ophiotreta valenciennesi (Lyman, 1879): NZOI / P 239, Gascoyne Seamount, 36 ° 41.502´S, 156 ° 11.502´E, 140 m, 20 / 10 / 1977, NIWA 77750 (1). TAN 0616 / 12, Hikurangi Margin, 40 ° 2.418´S, 178 ° 8.67´E to 40 ° 2.652´S, 178 ° 8.91´E, 749 – 787 m, 4 / 11 / 2006, NIWA 45906 (2). NZOI / I 94, off Norfolk Island, 29 ° 20.202´S, 168 ° 10.8´E, 308 m, 24 / 7 / 1975, NIWA 79560 (1). TAN 0205 / 74, Giggenbach Seamount, 30 ° 2.12´S, 178 ° 43.073´W, 165 – 141 m, 23 / 4 / 2002, NIWA 4592 (1).	en	Mills, V. Sadie, O'Hara, Timothy D. (2013): Ophiuroids (Echinodermata; Ophiuroidea) of biogenic habitats on the continental shelf of New Zealand. Zootaxa 3613 (5): 401-444, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3613.5.1
03EA87901132FFBEFF4A61A9D631FA7F.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Disc covered in short, microscopically thorny, conical granules. Small distal area of radial shields exposed. Six smooth, flattened arm spines with square, microscopically thorny tips. Uppermost arm spine longest, up to 4 arm segments. Two oval tentacle scales, outer scale slightly larger.	en	Mills, V. Sadie, O'Hara, Timothy D. (2013): Ophiuroids (Echinodermata; Ophiuroidea) of biogenic habitats on the continental shelf of New Zealand. Zootaxa 3613 (5): 401-444, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3613.5.1
03EA87901132FFBEFF4A61A9D631FA7F.taxon	description	Description. See O'Hara & Stöhr (2006).	en	Mills, V. Sadie, O'Hara, Timothy D. (2013): Ophiuroids (Echinodermata; Ophiuroidea) of biogenic habitats on the continental shelf of New Zealand. Zootaxa 3613 (5): 401-444, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3613.5.1
03EA87901132FFBEFF4A61A9D631FA7F.taxon	distribution	Distribution. New Zealand (88 – 1105 m), Tasman Sea (132 – 700 m), NW Australia (110 – 400 m), New Caledonia (243 – 468 m), Fiji (255 – 441 m), Papua New Guinea / Solomon Is (350 – 412 m), Indonesia (204 – 1901 m), Philippines (311 – 465 m), Japan (140 – 158 m), Hawaii (73 – 583 m).	en	Mills, V. Sadie, O'Hara, Timothy D. (2013): Ophiuroids (Echinodermata; Ophiuroidea) of biogenic habitats on the continental shelf of New Zealand. Zootaxa 3613 (5): 401-444, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3613.5.1
03EA87901132FFBEFF4A61A9D631FA7F.taxon	discussion	Remarks. This widespread upper slope Indo-Pacific species is reported from the New Zealand region for the first time. It has been collected along the north-east coast from Northland to the Hikurangi Margin, as well as from around islands and seamounts on the Kermadec and Norfolk Ridges and the Tasmantid seamount chain, east of Australia. The preserved specimen from the east coast north island has a mottled black and white pattern on the dorsal disc, and a white stripe running along the midline of the dorsal arm plates.	en	Mills, V. Sadie, O'Hara, Timothy D. (2013): Ophiuroids (Echinodermata; Ophiuroidea) of biogenic habitats on the continental shelf of New Zealand. Zootaxa 3613 (5): 401-444, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3613.5.1
03EA87901132FFB9FF4A662AD34EFE51.taxon	description	Ophiactis pteropoma Clark, H. L., 1911 a: 134 – 135, fig. 50. — Clark, H. L., 1915 a: 265. — Matsumoto, 1917: 154, pl. 3 (9). — Clark, H. L., 1918: 303. — D'yakonov, 1954: 43 - 44 [synonymised by Koehler, 1922]. Ophiactis profundi var. novaezelandiae Mortensen, 1924: 128 – 131, fig. 13. — Fell, 1958: 26. — Fell, 1960 b: 67. — McKnight, 1967 a: 309. Ophiactis profundi var Novae-Zelandiae. — Mortensen, 1936: 266. — Clark, H. L., 1938: 258. Ophiactis plana. — Clark, A. M. & Courtman-Stock, 1976: 163 – 164, figs. 157, 162.	en	Mills, V. Sadie, O'Hara, Timothy D. (2013): Ophiuroids (Echinodermata; Ophiuroidea) of biogenic habitats on the continental shelf of New Zealand. Zootaxa 3613 (5): 401-444, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3613.5.1
03EA87901132FFB9FF4A662AD34EFE51.taxon	materials_examined	Material Examined. Bay of Islands. TAN 0906 / 87, NIWA 55535 (1). TAN 0906 / 105, NIWA 55781 (1). TAN 0906 / 132, NIWA 56083 (1). TAN 0906 / 178, NIWA 77742 (1). West Coast North Island. TAN 1105 / 80, NIWA 77739 (5). TAN 1105 / 88, NIWA 77740 (4). TAN 1105 / 137, NIWA 77741 (1).	en	Mills, V. Sadie, O'Hara, Timothy D. (2013): Ophiuroids (Echinodermata; Ophiuroidea) of biogenic habitats on the continental shelf of New Zealand. Zootaxa 3613 (5): 401-444, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3613.5.1
03EA87901132FFB9FF4A662AD34EFE51.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Six arms, often unequal in size due to fissipary and regrowth of arms. Dorsal arm plates triangularfan shaped, narrowly separate from arm base. Single axe-head shaped outer oral papilla. Disc spines absent or rare. Three rarely four arm spines, single tentacle scale. Pink tinge to plates of preserved animals.	en	Mills, V. Sadie, O'Hara, Timothy D. (2013): Ophiuroids (Echinodermata; Ophiuroidea) of biogenic habitats on the continental shelf of New Zealand. Zootaxa 3613 (5): 401-444, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3613.5.1
03EA87901132FFB9FF4A662AD34EFE51.taxon	description	Description. See Mortensen (1924).	en	Mills, V. Sadie, O'Hara, Timothy D. (2013): Ophiuroids (Echinodermata; Ophiuroidea) of biogenic habitats on the continental shelf of New Zealand. Zootaxa 3613 (5): 401-444, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3613.5.1
03EA87901132FFB9FF4A662AD34EFE51.taxon	distribution	Distribution. New Zealand (55 – 1225 m), widespread in tropical and temperate zones in the Indo-Pacific and possibly Atlantic.	en	Mills, V. Sadie, O'Hara, Timothy D. (2013): Ophiuroids (Echinodermata; Ophiuroidea) of biogenic habitats on the continental shelf of New Zealand. Zootaxa 3613 (5): 401-444, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3613.5.1
03EA87901135FFB9FF4A6272D1EBF86D.taxon	description	Ophionereis schayeri. — Benham, 1909: 105 [Non Ophionereis schayeri (Müller J & Troschel F H, 1844); see Mortensen, 1924]. Ophiactis nomentis Farquhar, 1907: 125 – 126. — Benham, 1909: 105. — Clark, H. L., 1915 a: 264, pl. 11 (1 – 2). — Clark, H. L., 1918: 312 [synonymised by Mortensen, 1924]. Ophiactis savignyi. — Koehler, 1930: 122 – 123 (in part) [Non Ophiactis savignyi (Müller J & Troschel F H, 1842); see O'Hara, 1998]. Ophiactis symbiota. — Baker, 1979: 39 – 40.	en	Mills, V. Sadie, O'Hara, Timothy D. (2013): Ophiuroids (Echinodermata; Ophiuroidea) of biogenic habitats on the continental shelf of New Zealand. Zootaxa 3613 (5): 401-444, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3613.5.1
03EA87901135FFB9FF4A6272D1EBF86D.taxon	materials_examined	Material Examined. Bay of Islands. KAH 0907 / 194, NIWA 58520 (31). KAH 0907 / 195, NIWA 58521 (8). KAH 0907 / 211, NIWA 58429 (1). KAH 0907 / 239, NIWA 58432 (5). KAH 0907 / 240, NIWA 58433 (5). TAN 0906 / 2, NIWA 54393 (8); NIWA 77852 (19). TAN 0906 / 3, NIWA 54486 (1); NIWA 54518 (30). TAN 0906 / 21, NIWA 54693 (10); NIWA 54703 (1); NIWA 54698 (20); NIWA 54694 (1); NIWA 54696 (2); NIWA 54692 (20); NIWA 54640 (2); NIWA 54702 (2); NIWA 54695 (5). TAN 0906 / 25, NIWA 54779 (20); NIWA 54777 (3). TAN 0906 / 30, NIWA 54849 (1); NIWA 54835 (1); NIWA 54846 (1). TAN 0906 / 57, NIWA 55139 (5). TAN 0906 / 60, NIWA 77851 (42); NIWA 77730 (1). TAN 0906 / 96, NIWA 55647 (333). TAN 0906 / 99, NIWA 55685 (1); NIWA 55686 (1); NIWA 55684 (1); NIWA 55681 (7). TAN 0906 / 102, NIWA 55738 (1). TAN 0906 / 105, NIWA 55782 (11). TAN 0906 / 143, NIWA 56285 (5). TAN 0906 / 170, NIWA 77731 (1); NIWA 56994 (15). TAN 0906 / 205, NIWA 77732 (1). TAN 0906 / 235, NIWA 57389 (3). TAN 0906 / 240, NIWA 77729 (1). East Coast North Island. TAN 1108 / 179, NIWA 75060 (88). TAN 1108 / 187, NIWA 75135 (2). TAN 1108 / 197, NIWA 75214 (174). TAN 1108 / 213, NIWA 75344 (18). TAN 1108 / 217, NIWA 75392 (23). TAN 1108 / 232, NIWA 75422 (6). TAN 1108 / 239, NIWA 75488 (3). TAN 1108 / 250, NIWA 77733 (4). TAN 1108 / 253, NIWA 77736 (23). TAN 1108 / 268, NIWA 75640 (232). Far North. TAN 0906 / 154, NIWA 56570 (1); NIWA 56512 (1); NIWA 56521 (5). Otago. TAN 1108 / 66, NIWA 77813 (20); NIWA 77797 (1). Stewart Island. TAN 1108 / 77, NIWA 77774 (12). Three Kings Islands. TAN 1105 / 35, NIWA 73156 (100). TAN 1105 / 42, NIWA 77734 (6). TAN 1105 / 53, NIWA 77737 (1). TAN 1105 / 69, NIWA 77810 (59). TAN 1105 / 70, NIWA 77738 (12). West Coast North Island. TAN 1105 / 88, NIWA 77735 (1).	en	Mills, V. Sadie, O'Hara, Timothy D. (2013): Ophiuroids (Echinodermata; Ophiuroidea) of biogenic habitats on the continental shelf of New Zealand. Zootaxa 3613 (5): 401-444, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3613.5.1
03EA87901135FFB9FF4A6272D1EBF86D.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Dd up to 10 mm. Numerous spines on the disc margin, juvenile specimens (<4 mm dd) occasionally with scattered spines on dorsal disc plates. Dorsal arm plates transversely ellipsoidal, often longitudinally split in larger animals. Two outer oral papillae, up to 7 flattened blunt arm spines basally, falling to four by mid-arm, single tentacle scale.	en	Mills, V. Sadie, O'Hara, Timothy D. (2013): Ophiuroids (Echinodermata; Ophiuroidea) of biogenic habitats on the continental shelf of New Zealand. Zootaxa 3613 (5): 401-444, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3613.5.1
03EA87901135FFB9FF4A6272D1EBF86D.taxon	description	Description. See Mortensen (1924).	en	Mills, V. Sadie, O'Hara, Timothy D. (2013): Ophiuroids (Echinodermata; Ophiuroidea) of biogenic habitats on the continental shelf of New Zealand. Zootaxa 3613 (5): 401-444, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3613.5.1
03EA87901135FFB9FF4A6272D1EBF86D.taxon	distribution	Distribution. New Zealand (1 – 210 m), Tasman Sea (1 – 88 m), southern Australia (1 – 520 m).	en	Mills, V. Sadie, O'Hara, Timothy D. (2013): Ophiuroids (Echinodermata; Ophiuroidea) of biogenic habitats on the continental shelf of New Zealand. Zootaxa 3613 (5): 401-444, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3613.5.1
03EA87901135FFB9FF4A6272D1EBF86D.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Several variations in dorsal disc and arm patterning were observed in live specimens of Ophiactis resiliens (Fig. 8) that was retained in preserved specimens. Dorsal arm plates of older / larger animals are often fragmented. Southern Australian specimens are typically olive-green to grey with dark ' blotches' irregularly spaced along the arm. This colour difference may be indicative of cryptic speciation.	en	Mills, V. Sadie, O'Hara, Timothy D. (2013): Ophiuroids (Echinodermata; Ophiuroidea) of biogenic habitats on the continental shelf of New Zealand. Zootaxa 3613 (5): 401-444, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3613.5.1
03EA87901134FFBBFF4A665CD73EFDA2.taxon	description	Ophiotreta valenciennesi. — Koehler, 1930: 66 – 67 (in part). — Clark, H. L., 1946: 187 [Non Ophiotreta valenciennesi (Lyman T, 1879); see O'Hara, 1990]. Ophiocoma canaliculata. — Madsen, 1967: 142 [Non Clarkcoma canaliculata (Lütken C F, 1869); see O'Hara, 1990]. Clarkcoma bollonsi. — Devaney, 1970: 5 – 9, figs. 4,5,10,12,14. — Fenwick & Horning, 1980: 440. — Rowe, 1985: 67 – 68, pl. 2 (3 – 8). — O'Hara, 1990: 294. — McKnight, 1993 b: 194, 199. — Rowe & Gates, 1995: 383.	en	Mills, V. Sadie, O'Hara, Timothy D. (2013): Ophiuroids (Echinodermata; Ophiuroidea) of biogenic habitats on the continental shelf of New Zealand. Zootaxa 3613 (5): 401-444, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3613.5.1
03EA87901134FFBBFF4A665CD73EFDA2.taxon	materials_examined	Material Examined. Bay of Islands. TAN 0906 / 60, NIWA 77840 (1); NIWA 55181 (3). TAN 0906 / 181, NIWA 57142 (3). TAN 0906 / 236, NIWA 57412 (4). TAN 0906 / 240, NIWA 57509 (9); NIWA 77841 (3). East Coast North Island. TAN 1108 / 253, NIWA 77873 (1). TAN 1108 / 268, NIWA 77809 (4); NIWA 77872 (3). Far North. TAN 0906 / 152, NIWA 56473 (1). TAN 0906 / 162, NIWA 56715 (1); NIWA 77853 (1). North Canterbury. TAN 1108 / 5, NIWA 74009 (2). TAN 1108 / 24, NIWA 74170 (1). Otago. TAN 1108 / 53, NIWA 74260 (3). TAN 1108 / 66, NIWA 77805 (20). TAN 1108 / 108, NIWA 74665 (2). TAN 1108 / 117, NIWA 74739 (8). TAN 1108 / 122, NIWA 74812 (23). TAN 1108 / 131, NIWA 74858 (1). TAN 1108 / 138, NIWA 74913 (6). TAN 1108 / 148, NIWA 74794 (10). Stewart Island. TAN 1108 / 77, NIWA 77799 (1); NIWA 77874 (1). TAN 1108 / 96, NIWA 74592 (9). TAN 1108 / 102, NIWA 74630 (4). Three Kings Islands. TAN 1105 / 35, NIWA 77871 (1). TAN 1105 / 53, NIWA 77870 (1). West Coast North Island. TAN 1105 / 104, NIWA 77864 (1). TAN 1105 / 115, NIWA 73740 (2).	en	Mills, V. Sadie, O'Hara, Timothy D. (2013): Ophiuroids (Echinodermata; Ophiuroidea) of biogenic habitats on the continental shelf of New Zealand. Zootaxa 3613 (5): 401-444, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3613.5.1
03EA87901134FFBBFF4A665CD73EFDA2.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Disc plates covered in small rounded granules, occasionally elongated near arm base, absent from proximal ventral disc area. Seven thin, flattened arm spines, middle 3 – 4 longest (as long as 4 arm segments) sometimes with thickened club on end of spine, spines decreasing in length ventrally. Adoral shields meet proximally to oral shield. Two leaf-like tentacle scales throughout arm. Disc, arms and arm spines dark red when live, pale grey or brown when preserved.	en	Mills, V. Sadie, O'Hara, Timothy D. (2013): Ophiuroids (Echinodermata; Ophiuroidea) of biogenic habitats on the continental shelf of New Zealand. Zootaxa 3613 (5): 401-444, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3613.5.1
03EA87901134FFBBFF4A665CD73EFDA2.taxon	description	Description. See Mortensen (1924).	en	Mills, V. Sadie, O'Hara, Timothy D. (2013): Ophiuroids (Echinodermata; Ophiuroidea) of biogenic habitats on the continental shelf of New Zealand. Zootaxa 3613 (5): 401-444, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3613.5.1
03EA87901134FFBBFF4A665CD73EFDA2.taxon	distribution	Distribution. New Zealand (1 – 366 m), Gascoyne Seamount (143 m), southern Australia (9 – 630 m).	en	Mills, V. Sadie, O'Hara, Timothy D. (2013): Ophiuroids (Echinodermata; Ophiuroidea) of biogenic habitats on the continental shelf of New Zealand. Zootaxa 3613 (5): 401-444, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3613.5.1
03EA87901137FFBBFF4A6507D094F83C.taxon	materials_examined	Material Examined. Bay of Islands. TAN 0906 / 93, NIWA 55586 (1). TAN 0906 / 96, NIWA 77919 (1). TAN 0906 / 140, NIWA 56234 (1). TAN 0906 / 240, NIWA 77918 (1). East Coast North Island. TAN 1108 / 268, NIWA 77917 (1).	en	Mills, V. Sadie, O'Hara, Timothy D. (2013): Ophiuroids (Echinodermata; Ophiuroidea) of biogenic habitats on the continental shelf of New Zealand. Zootaxa 3613 (5): 401-444, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3613.5.1
03EA87901137FFBBFF4A6507D094F83C.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Dorsal and ventral disc covered in small granules, except for oral shield, scattered elongate granules at disc margin. Granules extend onto first lateral arm plate. Seven adpressed arm spines, as long as an arm segment. Single large tentacle scale.	en	Mills, V. Sadie, O'Hara, Timothy D. (2013): Ophiuroids (Echinodermata; Ophiuroidea) of biogenic habitats on the continental shelf of New Zealand. Zootaxa 3613 (5): 401-444, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3613.5.1
03EA87901137FFBBFF4A6507D094F83C.taxon	description	Description. See Baker (1974).	en	Mills, V. Sadie, O'Hara, Timothy D. (2013): Ophiuroids (Echinodermata; Ophiuroidea) of biogenic habitats on the continental shelf of New Zealand. Zootaxa 3613 (5): 401-444, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3613.5.1
03EA87901137FFBBFF4A6507D094F83C.taxon	distribution	Distribution. northern New Zealand (1 – 151 m).	en	Mills, V. Sadie, O'Hara, Timothy D. (2013): Ophiuroids (Echinodermata; Ophiuroidea) of biogenic habitats on the continental shelf of New Zealand. Zootaxa 3613 (5): 401-444, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3613.5.1
03EA87901137FFBBFF4A6507D094F83C.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Cryptopelta tarltoni is predominantly found around off Northland, New Zealand, only occasionally being found as far south as East Cape or Cook Strait. It is easily distinguished from other New Zealand ophiodermatids by the striking orange disc with contrasting darker banded arms, and the presence of scattered elongate granules on the dorsal disc surface.	en	Mills, V. Sadie, O'Hara, Timothy D. (2013): Ophiuroids (Echinodermata; Ophiuroidea) of biogenic habitats on the continental shelf of New Zealand. Zootaxa 3613 (5): 401-444, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3613.5.1
03EA87901137FFBBFF4A62D9D092FB29.taxon	materials_examined	Material Examined. Bay of Islands. TAN 0906 / 25, NIWA 54778 (1). East Coast North Island. TAN 1108 / 197, NIWA 77795 (2). TAN 1108 / 239, NIWA 75487 (3). TAN 1108 / 268, NIWA 77796 (1); NIWA 75641 (27). Marlborough Sounds. TAN 1105 / 156, NIWA 73875 (2). Otago. TAN 1108 / 66, NIWA 74365 (8); NIWA 74361 (1). TAN 1108 / 138, NIWA 77802 (1). Stewart Island. TAN 1108 / 77, NIWA 74490 (3).	en	Mills, V. Sadie, O'Hara, Timothy D. (2013): Ophiuroids (Echinodermata; Ophiuroidea) of biogenic habitats on the continental shelf of New Zealand. Zootaxa 3613 (5): 401-444, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3613.5.1
03EA87901137FFBBFF4A62D9D092FB29.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Dense cover of rounded granules on dorsal disc and first 2 dorsal arm plates, short blunt spines at disc margin and ventral disc. Upper arm spine modified into a square flat scale. Five arm spines, reducing to 4 beyond base, thick, flattened and square-tipped. Middle arm spine longest, up to 4 arm segments in length, reducing in length to ventral-most arm spine at just over 1 segment in length. Arm plates not markedly wider than long. Single tentacle scale. Dark purple / red disc, arm plates and arm spines in live and preserved animals.	en	Mills, V. Sadie, O'Hara, Timothy D. (2013): Ophiuroids (Echinodermata; Ophiuroidea) of biogenic habitats on the continental shelf of New Zealand. Zootaxa 3613 (5): 401-444, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3613.5.1
03EA87901137FFBBFF4A62D9D092FB29.taxon	description	Description. See Mortensen (1924).	en	Mills, V. Sadie, O'Hara, Timothy D. (2013): Ophiuroids (Echinodermata; Ophiuroidea) of biogenic habitats on the continental shelf of New Zealand. Zootaxa 3613 (5): 401-444, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3613.5.1
03EA87901137FFBBFF4A62D9D092FB29.taxon	distribution	Distribution. New Zealand (1 – 105 m).	en	Mills, V. Sadie, O'Hara, Timothy D. (2013): Ophiuroids (Echinodermata; Ophiuroidea) of biogenic habitats on the continental shelf of New Zealand. Zootaxa 3613 (5): 401-444, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3613.5.1
03EA87901139FFB5FF4A60C1D1F4FB0F.taxon	description	Pectinura arenosa Lyman, 1879: 48, pl. 14 (392 – 394). — Lyman, 1882: 15 – 16, pl. 23 (10 – 12). — Clark, H. L., 1909 b: 116. — Clark, H. L., 1915 a: 303. — Clark, H. L., 1921: 141. — Clark, H. L., 1928: 442. — Clark, H. L., 1946: 257. — Dartnall, 1980: 42, 71. Ophiopeza cylindrica. — Farquhar, 1895: 198 – 199. — Vail & Rowe, 1989: 269 – 273, fig. 1 (a – c), 2 (a – b). — Marsh, 1991: 464 – 465. — McKnight, 1993 b: 194, 199. — Rowe & Gates, 1995: 400. — O'Hara, 1998: 47 – 48. Pectinura cylindrica. — Clark, H. L., 1909 b: 117. — Clark, H. L., 1915 a: 303, pl. 17 (4 – 5). — Mortensen, 1936: 301. — McKnight, 1967 a: 306. Pectinura gracilis Mortensen, 1924: 173 – 176, figs. 35 (3 – 5), 36. — Fell, 1952: 25. — Fell, 1953: 102 – 103. — Fell, 1960 b: 69. — McKnight, 1967 a: 307. Pectinura exilis. — Koehler, 1930: 270 (in part) [Non Ophiopsammus exilis (Koehler R, 1905); see O'Hara, 1998]. Ophiopeza gracilis. — Fenwick & Horning, 1980: 440. Non Ophiopeza arenosa. — Baker, 1982: 431 – 433, fig. 10: 18 c [= Ophiopsammus assimilis (Bell F J, 1888); see Vail & Rowe, 1989]. Non Pectinura cylindrica. — Farquhar, 1898: 190, pl. 14 (4 – 5) [= Ophiopsammus assimilis (Bell F J, 1888); see Vail & Rowe, 1989].	en	Mills, V. Sadie, O'Hara, Timothy D. (2013): Ophiuroids (Echinodermata; Ophiuroidea) of biogenic habitats on the continental shelf of New Zealand. Zootaxa 3613 (5): 401-444, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3613.5.1
03EA87901139FFB5FF4A60C1D1F4FB0F.taxon	materials_examined	Material Examined. East Coast North Island. TAN 1108 / 179, NIWA 77775 (2). Far North. TAN 0906 / 152, NIWA 56450 (2). Otago. TAN 1108 / 63, NIWA 77801 (1). TAN 1108 / 66, NIWA 74367 (1); NIWA 74367 (2). TAN 1108 / 67, NIWA 77858 (4). TAN 1108 / 148, NIWA 77859 (2). Stewart Island. TAN 1108 / 77, NIWA 77857 (5). Three Kings Islands. TAN 1105 / 35, NIWA 77860 (4).	en	Mills, V. Sadie, O'Hara, Timothy D. (2013): Ophiuroids (Echinodermata; Ophiuroidea) of biogenic habitats on the continental shelf of New Zealand. Zootaxa 3613 (5): 401-444, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3613.5.1
03EA87901139FFB5FF4A60C1D1F4FB0F.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Disc covered in small rounded granules, radial shields separated by 3 disc plates but usually obscured by granules, oral shields exposed. One (rarely 2) supplementary distal oral shields present, also free of granules. Adoral shields with covering of granules. Arm spines 6 – 8 (rarely to 10) proximally, then 5 distally, erect, pointed, increasing in length ventrally. Two tentacle scales, outer one lying over the base of the ventral arm spine, reducing to 1 distally. Snake-skin patterning on dorsal disc, variable, dark and light banding on dorsal arms in preserved specimens. Ventral disc and arms pale cream.	en	Mills, V. Sadie, O'Hara, Timothy D. (2013): Ophiuroids (Echinodermata; Ophiuroidea) of biogenic habitats on the continental shelf of New Zealand. Zootaxa 3613 (5): 401-444, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3613.5.1
03EA87901139FFB5FF4A60C1D1F4FB0F.taxon	description	Description. See Vail & Rowe (1989).	en	Mills, V. Sadie, O'Hara, Timothy D. (2013): Ophiuroids (Echinodermata; Ophiuroidea) of biogenic habitats on the continental shelf of New Zealand. Zootaxa 3613 (5): 401-444, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3613.5.1
03EA87901139FFB5FF4A60C1D1F4FB0F.taxon	distribution	Distribution. New Zealand (1 – 348 m), southern Australia (18 – 150 m).	en	Mills, V. Sadie, O'Hara, Timothy D. (2013): Ophiuroids (Echinodermata; Ophiuroidea) of biogenic habitats on the continental shelf of New Zealand. Zootaxa 3613 (5): 401-444, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3613.5.1
03EA87901139FFB7FF4A64B3D65FFDC1.taxon	description	Pectinura cylindrica. — Farquhar, 1898: 190, pl. 14 (4 – 5). — Mortensen, 1924: 172 – 173, fig. 35 (1 – 2) [Non Ophiopeza cylindrica (Hutton F W, 1872); see Vail & Rowe, 1989]. Pectinura dyscrita Clark, H. L., 1909 a: 534 – 535, pl. 49 (5 – 7). — Clark, H. L., 1914 b: 152. — Clark, H. L., 1915 a: 303. — Clark, H. L., 1946: 256 [synonymised by Vail & Rowe, 1989]. Pectinura assimilis. — Clark, H. L., 1909 b: 118. — Clark, H. L., 1915 a: 303. — Clark, H. L., 1928: 442 – 443. — Clark, H. L., 1938: 343. — Clark, H. L., 1946: 257. Pectinura nigra Clark, H. L., 1938: 344 – 345. — Clark, H. L., 1946: 256 – 257 [synonymised by Vail & Rowe, 1989]. Ophiopsammus assimilis. — Vail & Rowe, 1989: 280 – 283, fig. 7 (a – c). — Marsh, 1991: 465. — Rowe & Gates, 1995: 401.? Ophiopeza yoldii. — Lyman, 1882: 12 [Non Ophiopsammus yoldii (Lütken C F, 1856)].? Ophiopeza arenosa. — Baker, 1982: 431 – 433, fig. 10: 18 c [Non Ophiopeza cylindrica (Hutton F W, 1872); see Vail & Rowe, 1989].	en	Mills, V. Sadie, O'Hara, Timothy D. (2013): Ophiuroids (Echinodermata; Ophiuroidea) of biogenic habitats on the continental shelf of New Zealand. Zootaxa 3613 (5): 401-444, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3613.5.1
03EA87901139FFB7FF4A64B3D65FFDC1.taxon	materials_examined	Material Examined. Bay of Islands. TAN 0906 / 68, NIWA 55232 (1). TAN 0906 / 178, NIWA 77848 (1). East Coast North Island. TAN 1108 / 233, NIWA 77875 (1). TAN 1108 / 253, NIWA 77804 (2). TAN 1108 / 275, NIWA 75676 (11); NIWA 75676 (11). Far North. TAN 0906 / 164, NIWA 56810 (1). Three Kings Islands. TAN 1105 / 42, NIWA 77808 (1). TAN 1105 / 70, NIWA 73579 (2). West Coast North Island. TAN 1105 / 104, NIWA 73694 (10). TAN 1105 / 115, NIWA 73741 (3); NIWA 73743 (2). TAN 1105 / 128, NIWA 73773 (1). TAN 1105 / 137, NIWA 73833 (14).	en	Mills, V. Sadie, O'Hara, Timothy D. (2013): Ophiuroids (Echinodermata; Ophiuroidea) of biogenic habitats on the continental shelf of New Zealand. Zootaxa 3613 (5): 401-444, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3613.5.1
03EA87901139FFB7FF4A64B3D65FFDC1.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Large, dd to 29 mm, arms to 5 times disc diameter. Dorsal and ventral disc, and adoral shields covered in small granules. Radial shields separated by up to 7 disc plates but usually covered by disc granules. Wide dorsal arm plates with dark and light pink banding, often fragmented in large specimens. Nine (rarely to 11) adpressed blunt arm spines, reducing to 5 distally. Juvenile specimen with 6 arm spines (NIWA 73579). Ventralmost arm spine slightly wider than the rest. Two tentacle scales, inner scale longer.	en	Mills, V. Sadie, O'Hara, Timothy D. (2013): Ophiuroids (Echinodermata; Ophiuroidea) of biogenic habitats on the continental shelf of New Zealand. Zootaxa 3613 (5): 401-444, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3613.5.1
03EA87901139FFB7FF4A64B3D65FFDC1.taxon	description	Description. See Vail & Rowe (1989).	en	Mills, V. Sadie, O'Hara, Timothy D. (2013): Ophiuroids (Echinodermata; Ophiuroidea) of biogenic habitats on the continental shelf of New Zealand. Zootaxa 3613 (5): 401-444, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3613.5.1
03EA87901139FFB7FF4A64B3D65FFDC1.taxon	distribution	Distribution. northern New Zealand (79 – 238 m), southern Australia (1 – 594 m).	en	Mills, V. Sadie, O'Hara, Timothy D. (2013): Ophiuroids (Echinodermata; Ophiuroidea) of biogenic habitats on the continental shelf of New Zealand. Zootaxa 3613 (5): 401-444, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3613.5.1
03EA87901139FFB7FF4A64B3D65FFDC1.taxon	discussion	Remarks. This new material has extended the range of the two Ophiopsammus species in New Zealand waters, and has provided new information about their colour in life (Fig. 10). There are clear differences in patterning between Ophiopsammus assimilis and Ophiopsammus maculata, which is retained in preserved material. The dorsal and ventral disc, and dorsal arms of O. maculata are covered in small red spots (Fig. 10 a – c), whereas O. assimilis has few red spots on the oral shields and scattered spots on the ventral surface of the disc (Fig. 10 e – f), and a white and red banding pattern on the distal ends of the arms (Fig. 10 d).	en	Mills, V. Sadie, O'Hara, Timothy D. (2013): Ophiuroids (Echinodermata; Ophiuroidea) of biogenic habitats on the continental shelf of New Zealand. Zootaxa 3613 (5): 401-444, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3613.5.1
03EA8790113BFFB7FF4A62E2D009FA59.taxon	description	Pectinura maculata. — Lyman, 1879: 49. — Lyman, 1882: 15. — Farquhar, 1898: 190 – 191. — Benham, 1909: 105. — Clark, H. L., 1909 b: 118. — Clark, H. L., 1915 a: 303. — Mortensen, 1924: 176. — Fell, 1952: 24 – 25. — Fell, 1960 b: 69. — McKnight, 1967 a: 307. Ophiopsammus maculata. — Vail & Rowe, 1989: fig. 9 b. — McKnight, 1993 b: 194, 199.	en	Mills, V. Sadie, O'Hara, Timothy D. (2013): Ophiuroids (Echinodermata; Ophiuroidea) of biogenic habitats on the continental shelf of New Zealand. Zootaxa 3613 (5): 401-444, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3613.5.1
03EA8790113BFFB7FF4A62E2D009FA59.taxon	materials_examined	Material Examined. Bay of Islands. KAH 0907 / 211, NIWA 58428 (1). TAN 0906 / 3, NIWA 77850 (1). Otago. TAN 1108 / 63, NIWA 74322 (42). TAN 1108 / 66, NIWA 74360 (1); NIWA 74364 (24). TAN 1108 / 67, NIWA 74449 (5). TAN 1108 / 108, NIWA 74664 (10). TAN 1108 / 117, NIWA 74738 (2). Stewart Island. TAN 1108 / 76, NIWA 74473 (1). TAN 1108 / 77, NIWA 74488 (53).	en	Mills, V. Sadie, O'Hara, Timothy D. (2013): Ophiuroids (Echinodermata; Ophiuroidea) of biogenic habitats on the continental shelf of New Zealand. Zootaxa 3613 (5): 401-444, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3613.5.1
03EA8790113BFFB7FF4A62E2D009FA59.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Large, dd to 48 mm, arms to 4 times disc diameter. Disc covered in small rounded granules, radial shields obscured, oral shields exposed. Supplementary distal oral shields present, also free of granules. Adoral shields with covering of granules. Dorsal arm carinate, plates occasionally split in large specimens. 10 – 11 adpressed blunt arm spines, reducing to 8 in distal arm. Ventral 2 spines square tipped, rest rounded. Two tentacle scales.	en	Mills, V. Sadie, O'Hara, Timothy D. (2013): Ophiuroids (Echinodermata; Ophiuroidea) of biogenic habitats on the continental shelf of New Zealand. Zootaxa 3613 (5): 401-444, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3613.5.1
03EA8790113BFFB7FF4A62E2D009FA59.taxon	description	Description. See Vail & Rowe (1989).	en	Mills, V. Sadie, O'Hara, Timothy D. (2013): Ophiuroids (Echinodermata; Ophiuroidea) of biogenic habitats on the continental shelf of New Zealand. Zootaxa 3613 (5): 401-444, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3613.5.1
03EA8790113BFFB7FF4A62E2D009FA59.taxon	distribution	Distribution. New Zealand (1 – 340 m).	en	Mills, V. Sadie, O'Hara, Timothy D. (2013): Ophiuroids (Echinodermata; Ophiuroidea) of biogenic habitats on the continental shelf of New Zealand. Zootaxa 3613 (5): 401-444, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3613.5.1
03EA8790113BFFB7FF4A62E2D009FA59.taxon	discussion	Remarks. This large and common shallow water ophiuroid is instantly recognisable by its relatively large size (dd up to 48 mm), dark crimson disc, and distinctive dense covering of small red spots over its dorsal and ventral disc, and dorsal arms (Fig. 10 a – c).	en	Mills, V. Sadie, O'Hara, Timothy D. (2013): Ophiuroids (Echinodermata; Ophiuroidea) of biogenic habitats on the continental shelf of New Zealand. Zootaxa 3613 (5): 401-444, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3613.5.1
03EA8790113BFFB6FF4A6637D625FA4A.taxon	description	Ophiobyrsa rudis. — Koehler, 1930: 49 (in part) [Non Ophiobyrsa rudis Lyman T, 1878; see O'Hara, 1998]. Ophiobyrsa intorta. — Clark, A. M., 1965: 39 – 40. — O'Hara, 1998: 42.	en	Mills, V. Sadie, O'Hara, Timothy D. (2013): Ophiuroids (Echinodermata; Ophiuroidea) of biogenic habitats on the continental shelf of New Zealand. Zootaxa 3613 (5): 401-444, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3613.5.1
03EA8790113BFFB6FF4A6637D625FA4A.taxon	materials_examined	Material Examined. East Coast North Island. TAN 1108 / 250, NIWA 75542 (1). Comparative Material. Ophiobyrsa intorta (Koehler, 1922): TAN 0413 / 130, Mahina Knoll, Bay of Plenty, 37 ° 21.34´S, 177 ° 5.98´E to 37 ° 21.29´S, 177 ° 6.22´E, 260 – 280 m, 14 / 11 / 2004, NIWA 14814 (1). TAN 0413 / 140, Mahina Knoll, Bay of Plenty, 37 ° 21.35´S, 177 ° 6.09´E to 37 ° 21.21´S, 177 ° 6.08´E, 259 – 294 m, 14 / 11 / 2004, NIWA 14811 (1).	en	Mills, V. Sadie, O'Hara, Timothy D. (2013): Ophiuroids (Echinodermata; Ophiuroidea) of biogenic habitats on the continental shelf of New Zealand. Zootaxa 3613 (5): 401-444, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3613.5.1
03EA8790113BFFB6FF4A6637D625FA4A.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Numerous small spines covering entire disc surface dorsally and ventrally. Two (rarely fewer) oral papillae on each jaw side. 4 – 5 arm spines at arm base, distalmost spines transformed into denticulate hooks. Single, very small tentacle scale.	en	Mills, V. Sadie, O'Hara, Timothy D. (2013): Ophiuroids (Echinodermata; Ophiuroidea) of biogenic habitats on the continental shelf of New Zealand. Zootaxa 3613 (5): 401-444, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3613.5.1
03EA8790113BFFB6FF4A6637D625FA4A.taxon	description	Description. See Koehler (1922 a).	en	Mills, V. Sadie, O'Hara, Timothy D. (2013): Ophiuroids (Echinodermata; Ophiuroidea) of biogenic habitats on the continental shelf of New Zealand. Zootaxa 3613 (5): 401-444, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3613.5.1
03EA8790113BFFB6FF4A6637D625FA4A.taxon	distribution	Distribution. New Zealand (110 – 294 m), Indonesia (300 m), Philippines (969 – 1346 m).	en	Mills, V. Sadie, O'Hara, Timothy D. (2013): Ophiuroids (Echinodermata; Ophiuroidea) of biogenic habitats on the continental shelf of New Zealand. Zootaxa 3613 (5): 401-444, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3613.5.1
03EA8790113BFFB6FF4A6637D625FA4A.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Two specimens collected from the Bay of Plenty (NIWA 14811, 14814) have been identified as O. intorta. Each has five arm spines and two oral papillae, though sometimes only a single oral papilla is visible on the side of the oral plates, suggesting that these are easily lost and not a reliable character. These specimens represent the first records of this genus and species in New Zealand waters. The single specimen collected from Ranfurly Bank (NIWA 75542, Figs. 11 – 12), with a disc diameter intermediate to the two specimens collected in the Bay of Plenty, differs in having seven arm spines at the arm base, reducing to six by mid arm, and only a single oral papilla at each side of the oral plates. The paucity of specimens prevents any further determination or dissection to examine skin-covered plates at this time, but it is possible that there is more than one species of Ophiobyrsa in New Zealand waters.	en	Mills, V. Sadie, O'Hara, Timothy D. (2013): Ophiuroids (Echinodermata; Ophiuroidea) of biogenic habitats on the continental shelf of New Zealand. Zootaxa 3613 (5): 401-444, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3613.5.1
03EA8790113AFFB1FF4A664CD119FBE4.taxon	materials_examined	Material Examined. West Coast North Island. TAN 1105 / 137, NIWA 77767 (2). Comparative Material. Ophiologimus prolifer (Studer, 1882): TAN 0905 / 119, Iceberg Seamount, 44 ° 9.49´S, 174 ° 33.3´W to 44 ° 9.69´S, 174 ° 33.14´W, 487 – 616 m, 28 / 6 / 2009, NIWA 69765 (1). SS 02 / 2007 / 8, Huon Margin, 44 ° 1.837´S, 147 ° 34.776´E to 44 ° 2.135´S, 147 ° 34.912´E, 830 – 1030 m, 31 / 3 / 2007, MV F 146329 (1). TAN 0104 / 333, Pyre Seamount, 42 ° 43.1´S, 179 ° 54.57´W to 42 ° 43.18´S, 179 ° 54.87´W, 1075 – 1008 m, 20 / 4 / 2001, NIWA 43985 (1). TAN 0205 / 39, Haungaroa Seamount, 32 ° 35.75´S, 179 ° 36.47´W to 32 ° 36.32´S, 179 ° 36.09´W, 1252 – 1175 m, 17 / 4 / 2002, NIWA 60368 (1). TAN 0803 / 69, Macquarie Ridge, Seamount 6, 52 ° 23.85´S, 160 ° 39.4´E to 52 ° 23.91´S, 160 ° 40.13´E, 451 – 438 m, 9 / 4 / 2008, NIWA 43108 (1). TN 228 / J 2 - 387 - 023, Z 39 Seamount, 44 ° 23.32´S, 147 ° 15.349´E, 1599 m, 26 / 12 / 2008, MV F 168729 (1). Ophiolycus farquhari (McKnight, 2003): NZOI / R 437, off NE coast, 39 ° 35.1´S, 178 ° 25.08´E to 39 ° 35.1´S, 178 ° 23.8´E, 800 – 440 m, 16 / 6 / 1990, holotype, NIWA 3344 (1).	en	Mills, V. Sadie, O'Hara, Timothy D. (2013): Ophiuroids (Echinodermata; Ophiuroidea) of biogenic habitats on the continental shelf of New Zealand. Zootaxa 3613 (5): 401-444, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3613.5.1
03EA8790113AFFB1FF4A664CD119FBE4.taxon	description	Description. Disc to 7 mm dd, 6, rarely 7, arms, fissiparous. Disc covered in small overlapping translucent perforated plates embedded in a thin skin, no spines, plated skin extends onto the basal dorsal arm surface; small radial shields present but generally hidden beneath the skin. Jaw and arms covered in a thin skin that obscures the plates. Oral shields wider than long, proximal margin strongly convex, distal margin weakly convex or lobed, rounded lateral angles; jaw longer than wide, oral plates tumid proximally, 8 – 10 oral papillae, inner oral papillae small and pointed; 2 – 3 distal oral tentacle scales, slightly enlarged, rounded to spatulate. Dorsal arm plates thin and perforated, broadly triangular, as wide as long, convex distal and slightly flattened proximal margin, narrowly contiguous at base; ventral arm plates longer than wide, convex distal margin, concave lateral margins around large tentacle pore, broadly contiguous; 3 arm spines, subcylindrical to flattened, bluntly-pointed, sometimes wider at the base, subequal or upper and lowest a little wider and longer than the middle spine, short, less than 1 segment in length, distal upper and middle arm spines modified into hooks with 1 – 2 small teeth besides the terminal one; 1 oval to spatulate tentacle scale, sculptured longitudinal markings, rarely 2 on basal segments. Colour (dry) yellowish-brown.	en	Mills, V. Sadie, O'Hara, Timothy D. (2013): Ophiuroids (Echinodermata; Ophiuroidea) of biogenic habitats on the continental shelf of New Zealand. Zootaxa 3613 (5): 401-444, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3613.5.1
03EA8790113AFFB1FF4A664CD119FBE4.taxon	distribution	Distribution. New Zealand (170 – 1110 m), Macquarie Ridge (438 – 451 m), SE Australia (830 – 1640 m), Fiji (294 – 300 m).	en	Mills, V. Sadie, O'Hara, Timothy D. (2013): Ophiuroids (Echinodermata; Ophiuroidea) of biogenic habitats on the continental shelf of New Zealand. Zootaxa 3613 (5): 401-444, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3613.5.1
03EA8790113AFFB1FF4A664CD119FBE4.taxon	discussion	Remarks. This species, recently transferred to Ophiologimus and the Ophiomyxidae by Martynov (2010), is reported here for the first time since the type was collected at 1091 m off Barrier Island, north-eastern New Zealand, by the 1875 German Gazelle expedition. It has since been collected from seamounts or other hard substrata on the continental margins. This species is typically 6 – 7 armed and often shows signs of fissiparity. Several other similar species occur in the south-west Pacific that also have a skin covered disc and distal upper arm spines transformed into hooks. Ophiologimus quadrispinus H. L. Clark, 1925 has five arms, two tentacle scales and three (four basally) blunt arm spines (see O'Hara & Stöhr 2006). Ophiolycus farquhari McKnight, 2003 is very similar to O. quadrispinus but has arm spines that alternate in number from three to two on succeeding arm segments. This species was retained with uncertainty in Ophiolycus by Martynov (2010) but here we re-assign it to Ophiologimus, as re-examination of the type material indicates that it has all the characters of Ophiologimus, including well-developed hooklets on distal arm segments (as developed as O. quadrispinus and O. prolifer) and unbroken dorsal arm plates that persist until the arm tip.	en	Mills, V. Sadie, O'Hara, Timothy D. (2013): Ophiuroids (Echinodermata; Ophiuroidea) of biogenic habitats on the continental shelf of New Zealand. Zootaxa 3613 (5): 401-444, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3613.5.1
03EA8790113DFFB1FF4A649CD09DF87E.taxon	description	Ophiomyxa brevirima Clark, H. L., 1915 a: 169, pl. 1 (3 – 4). — Mortensen, 1924: 110 – 114, fig. 4 (1,3,4), 5, pl. 4 (4 – 5). — Mortensen, 1936: 242 – 243. — Fell, 1952: 12. — Fell, 1953: 100. — Fell, 1958: 22. — Fell, 1960 b: 67. — McKnight, 1967 a: 304. — Fenwick & Horning, 1980: 440. — McKnight, 1993 b: 193, 199. Non Ophiomyxa brevirima. — Bell, 1917: 7 [= Astrobrachion constrictum (Farquhar H, 1900); see Mortensen, 1924].	en	Mills, V. Sadie, O'Hara, Timothy D. (2013): Ophiuroids (Echinodermata; Ophiuroidea) of biogenic habitats on the continental shelf of New Zealand. Zootaxa 3613 (5): 401-444, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3613.5.1
03EA8790113DFFB1FF4A649CD09DF87E.taxon	materials_examined	Material Examined .. TAN 1104 / 18, NIWA 72207 (2) Bay of Islands. TAN 0906 / 2, NIWA 54392 (1). TAN 0906 / 25, NIWA 77839 (1). TAN 0906 / 93, NIWA 55598 (1). TAN 0906 / 96, NIWA 77838 (1). TAN 0906 / 134, NIWA 56146 (5). TAN 0906 / 178, NIWA 77772 (1); NIWA 77832 (2); NIWA 57091 (1). TAN 0906 / 236, NIWA 57423 (1). TAN 0906 / 240, NIWA 77854 (3). East Coast North Island. TAN 1108 / 179, NIWA 77770 (2). TAN 1108 / 197, NIWA 77834 (1). Far North. TAN 0906 / 154, NIWA 77837 (1). TAN 0906 / 164, NIWA 56811 (4). Otago. TAN 1108 / 148, NIWA 74954 (3). Three Kings Islands. TAN 1105 / 35, NIWA 77835 (3). TAN 1105 / 69, NIWA 77849 (1). West Coast North Island. TAN 1105 / 74, NIWA 73602 (3). TAN 1105 / 88, NIWA 73661 (6). TAN 1105 / 104, NIWA 77833 (2). TAN 1105 / 137, NIWA 77807 (1).	en	Mills, V. Sadie, O'Hara, Timothy D. (2013): Ophiuroids (Echinodermata; Ophiuroidea) of biogenic habitats on the continental shelf of New Zealand. Zootaxa 3613 (5): 401-444, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3613.5.1
03EA8790113DFFB1FF4A649CD09DF87E.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Thin skin on disc and arms obscuring plates, disc usually torn. Oral papillae circular with glassy saw-like serration to proximal edge. Arm spines alternating 3 – 4, with 4 th spine placed more dorsally on arm. Live colour greenish or yellowish brown with variable blotches of red or orange on disc. Arms variably banded red and greenish or yellowish brown in life, paler banding ventrally.	en	Mills, V. Sadie, O'Hara, Timothy D. (2013): Ophiuroids (Echinodermata; Ophiuroidea) of biogenic habitats on the continental shelf of New Zealand. Zootaxa 3613 (5): 401-444, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3613.5.1
03EA8790113DFFB1FF4A649CD09DF87E.taxon	description	Description. See Mortensen (1925)	en	Mills, V. Sadie, O'Hara, Timothy D. (2013): Ophiuroids (Echinodermata; Ophiuroidea) of biogenic habitats on the continental shelf of New Zealand. Zootaxa 3613 (5): 401-444, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3613.5.1
03EA8790113DFFB1FF4A649CD09DF87E.taxon	distribution	Distribution. New Zealand (1 – 1108 m).	en	Mills, V. Sadie, O'Hara, Timothy D. (2013): Ophiuroids (Echinodermata; Ophiuroidea) of biogenic habitats on the continental shelf of New Zealand. Zootaxa 3613 (5): 401-444, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3613.5.1
03EA8790113CFFB3FF4A6516D092F919.taxon	description	Ophionereis schayeri. — Farquhar, 1895: 197 – 198. — Farquhar, 1907: 124. — Clark, H. L., 1915: 289 (in part) [Non Ophionereis schayeri (Müller J & Troschel F H, 1844); see Mortensen, 1924].	en	Mills, V. Sadie, O'Hara, Timothy D. (2013): Ophiuroids (Echinodermata; Ophiuroidea) of biogenic habitats on the continental shelf of New Zealand. Zootaxa 3613 (5): 401-444, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3613.5.1
03EA8790113CFFB3FF4A6516D092F919.taxon	materials_examined	Material Examined. North Canterbury. TAN 1108 / 39, NIWA 74208 (1). Otago. TAN 1108 / 66, NIWA 74366 (14). TAN 1108 / 67, NIWA 77662 (1). TAN 1108 / 148, NIWA 74981 (1). Stewart Island. TAN 1108 / 77, NIWA 74489 (80).	en	Mills, V. Sadie, O'Hara, Timothy D. (2013): Ophiuroids (Echinodermata; Ophiuroidea) of biogenic habitats on the continental shelf of New Zealand. Zootaxa 3613 (5): 401-444, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3613.5.1
03EA8790113CFFB3FF4A6516D092F919.taxon	description	Description. Disc diameter up to 16 mm. Disc patterned with random blotches of black on a lighter grey / brown, radial shields and surrounding scales often black. Radial shields small (1 / 16 dd) and separated by 5 – 6 rows of disc plates. Disc scales larger at disc margin and bordering radial shields. Finer, smaller disc scales towards centre of disc and inter-radially. Fine ventral disc scaling, with same patterning of light grey / brown with black blotches, black scales proximal to oral plates. Genital slit turned out at proximal end with white pointed spine-like genital papillae. Slit extends to disc margin. Rounded diamond shape oral shield. Adoral shields narrowly meeting in small specimens, do not meet in larger specimens. Square oral papillae, 4 th distal-most widest. Patterning on dorsal arm plates: frequent black bands and infrequent white bands placed down light brown arm. Sometimes faint white line running down midline of arm. Dorsal arm plates hexagonal. Accessory dorsal arm plates large, easily occupying 1 / 3 to 1 / 4 width of dorsal arm surface, consistent through arm. Ventral arm with banded pattern, pale cream with occasional dark arm plate. Ventral arm plates pentagonal with a slight notch in distal edge. Large single oval tentacle scale. Four arm spines at disc edge, 3 arm spines from 12 – 13 th segment. Arm spines all similar length proximally, but after 8 th arm segment middle-ventral arm spine longer than the rest. Banding pattern present on arm spines, pale cream with 1 – 2 dark bands. Arm spines blunt and flattened.	en	Mills, V. Sadie, O'Hara, Timothy D. (2013): Ophiuroids (Echinodermata; Ophiuroidea) of biogenic habitats on the continental shelf of New Zealand. Zootaxa 3613 (5): 401-444, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3613.5.1
03EA8790113CFFB3FF4A6516D092F919.taxon	distribution	Distribution. New Zealand (0 – 305 m).	en	Mills, V. Sadie, O'Hara, Timothy D. (2013): Ophiuroids (Echinodermata; Ophiuroidea) of biogenic habitats on the continental shelf of New Zealand. Zootaxa 3613 (5): 401-444, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3613.5.1
03EA8790113FFFB2FF4A668DD13AF843.taxon	materials_examined	Material Examined. Bay of Islands. KAH 0907 / 164, NIWA 58372 (1). KAH 0907 / 195, NIWA 77668 (1). TAN 0906 / 2, NIWA 77672 (3). TAN 0906 / 3, NIWA 77673 (4). TAN 0906 / 21, NIWA 54706 (1). TAN 0906 / 30, NIWA 54832 (1). TAN 0906 / 60, NIWA 77644 (28). TAN 0906 / 81, NIWA 77663 (1); NIWA 55444 (1). TAN 0906 / 96, NIWA 77645 (38). TAN 0906 / 99, NIWA 55680 (10); NIWA 55682 (1); NIWA 55794 (3). TAN 0906 / 105, NIWA 77674 (2). TAN 0906 / 130, NIWA 56028 (6). TAN 0906 / 143, NIWA 77671 (2). TAN 0906 / 170, NIWA 77664 (2). TAN 0906 / 205, NIWA 57193 (4). TAN 0906 / 235, NIWA 77665 (1). East Coast North Island. TAN 1108 / 197, NIWA 77676 (4). TAN 1108 / 233, NIWA 63309 (8). TAN 1108 / 250, NIWA 75558 (1). TAN 1108 / 253, NIWA 77670 (5). TAN 1108 / 268, NIWA 77646 (9). TAN 1108 / 275, NIWA 77669 (1). Far North. TAN 0906 / 154, NIWA 77666 (1). TAN 0906 / 159, NIWA 77675 (2). TAN 0906 / 164, NIWA 77667 (1). Three Kings Islands. TAN 1105 / 35, NIWA 77643 (11). TAN 1105 / 42, NIWA 73197 (39). TAN 1105 / 69, NIWA 73497 (21). TAN 1105 / 70, NIWA 73577 (10). Comparative Material. Ophionereis novaezelandiae Mortensen, 1936: NZOI / B 41, 39 ° 12´S, 177 ° 8.1´E, 17 m, 2 / 9 / 1957, NIWA 43155 (1). Discovery / 934, North of New Zealand, 34 ° 11´S, 172 ° 10´E, 92 – 98 m, 17 / 8 / 1932, holotype of Ophionereis novae-zelandiae, BMNH 1936.12.30.839 (1). MFG / 1, 45 Km SSW of Portland, 38 ° 40´S, 141 ° 20´E, 293 – 585 m, 14 / 5 / 1979, holotype of Ophionereis terba, MV F 45363 (1). BSS / 84 G, Western Bass Strait, 73 km W of Cape Farewell, King Island, 39 ° 34´S, 143 ° 6´E, 171 m, 11 / 10 / 1980, MV F 90465 (7). NZOI / P 6, Wanganella Ridge, 32 ° 36.8´S, 167 ° 30.6´E, 127 m, 25 / 1 / 1977, identified by McKnight (1993 a) as Ophionereis porrecta, NIWA 77754 (1). NZOI / T 228, 29 ° 16´S, 177 ° 59.1´W, 45 m, 22 / 3 / 1982, NIWA 77693 (6). SS 02 / 2007 / 4, Huon 200 m, 43 ° 58.701´S, 147 ° 32.299´E to 43 ° 58.34´S, 147 ° 31.943´E, 180 – 237 m, 29 / 3 / 2007, MV F 144841 (1). SS 04 / 04 / 72, Pieman Canyon, 41 ° 47.71´S, 144 ° 35.15´E, 174 m, 22 / 4 / 2004, MV F 101739 (50).	en	Mills, V. Sadie, O'Hara, Timothy D. (2013): Ophiuroids (Echinodermata; Ophiuroidea) of biogenic habitats on the continental shelf of New Zealand. Zootaxa 3613 (5): 401-444, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3613.5.1
03EA8790113FFFB2FF4A668DD13AF843.taxon	description	Description. Disc diameter of specimens from biogenic habitats was up to 9.8 mm. Disc plates creamy white dorsally and ventrally, sometimes bordered by darker brown. Radial shields small (1 / 8 dd) and separated by three rows of disc scales. Disc scales longer on disc margin (as in O. fasciata) but otherwise coarse and consistent over entire disc. Genital papillae small, granule-like and line slit, which extends to disc margin. Oral shields spade to pentagon shaped with small distal extension. Adoral shields narrowly meet. Square oral papillae, 4 th distal-most widened. Dorsal arm banded orange and white, with two small white dots on distal margin of each arm plate. Dorsal arm plates squarish-oblong, accessory plates small, narrow (approximately 1 / 5 th of dorsal arm width) but extend same height as dorsal arm plate. Rounded fan shaped ventral arm plates with large oval tentacle scale. Ventral arm with white band running down midline on proximal plates. Ventral arm plates with rounded distal margin. Arm spines banded cream with 1 – 2 brown stripes. Three arm spines throughout arm, subequal on proximal segments, but middle arm spine longest after 5 th arm segment.	en	Mills, V. Sadie, O'Hara, Timothy D. (2013): Ophiuroids (Echinodermata; Ophiuroidea) of biogenic habitats on the continental shelf of New Zealand. Zootaxa 3613 (5): 401-444, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3613.5.1
03EA8790113FFFB2FF4A668DD13AF843.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Northern New Zealand (17 – 402 m), south-eastern Australia (53 – 585 m).	en	Mills, V. Sadie, O'Hara, Timothy D. (2013): Ophiuroids (Echinodermata; Ophiuroidea) of biogenic habitats on the continental shelf of New Zealand. Zootaxa 3613 (5): 401-444, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3613.5.1
03EA8790113FFFB2FF4A668DD13AF843.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Baker (1977) synonymised Ophionereis novaezelandiae Mortensen, 1936 with Ophionereis fasciata Hutton, 1872 as he considered Mortensen’s 4 mm dd holotype specimen to be a juvenile form of O. fasciata, having fewer arm spines, less well developed genital papillae and shorter supplementary arm plates. However, examination of the recent collections shows that differences between the species are consistent in animals of similar disc diameter. Ophionereis fasciata has four arm spines proximally, smaller radial shields, differently shaped dorsal and ventral arm plates, larger accessory dorsal arm plates, and is generally a larger animal than O. novaezelandiae. Egg size is different between these species, 0.1 mm in O. fasciata (Mortensen, 1924) and 0.06 mm in O. novaezelandiae. Moreover, the patterns of colour on the disc and arms are very distinctive (Figure 13) and consistent even in preserved material. The geographic ranges of the two species only overlap on the northeastern coast of New Zealand; O. novaezelandiae extends from the Kermadec islands south to Hawkes Bay, whereas O. fasciata is predominantly southern, only occasionally collected on the north-east coast as far north as the Bay of Islands. Ophionereis fasciata can also be found intertidally. It seems likely that Baker (1977) actually had juvenile specimens of O. fasciata rather than O. novaezelandiae at his disposal when he synonymised the two species, as did Fenwick & Horning (1980). Both were potentially misled by the key of A. M. Clark (1953) that separated the two species by the supposed absence of genital papillae in O. novaezelandiae. In fact, adult specimens of both species have genital papillae that can be absent or reduced in juveniles. In summary, we recognise Ophionereis novaezelandiae Mortensen, 1936 as a valid species. Historical records of O. porrecta from the Wanganella Bank and around the Kermadec islands are also this species. A range of specimens of the south-eastern Australian species Ophionereis terba Baker & Devaney, 1981 were examined and compared with specimens of Ophionereis novaezelandiae. Baker & Devaney (1981) did not compare the two species as Baker (1977) regarded O. novaezelandiae as a synonym of O. fasciata. We can find no difference in morphology or colour between the two populations when equal sized specimens are compared and regard O. terba as a junior synonym of O. novaezelandiae.	en	Mills, V. Sadie, O'Hara, Timothy D. (2013): Ophiuroids (Echinodermata; Ophiuroidea) of biogenic habitats on the continental shelf of New Zealand. Zootaxa 3613 (5): 401-444, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3613.5.1
03EA87901101FF8DFF4A6081D176FB2A.taxon	description	Ophiothrix aristulata var Investigatoris Koehler, 1897: 361 – 363, pl. 9 (72 – 73). Ophiothrix capillaris. — Koehler, 1930: 135 – 136 (in part) [Non Ophiothrix capillaris Lyman T, 1879; see O'Hara, 1998]. Ophiothrix megaloplax Koehler, 1930: 170 – 172, pl. 9 (8 – 9). — Clark, A. M., 1967: 641, 647 [synonymised by O'Hara, 1998]. Placophiothrix aristulata. — Clark, H. L., 1938: 310. — Clark, H. L., 1939: 84 – 85. — Clark, H. L., 1946: 224 – 225. — Fell, 1958: 28. — Madsen, 1967: 142. Macrophiothrix capillaris. — Clark, H. L., 1946: 222 – 223. Placophiothrix megaloplax. — Clark, H. L., 1946: 228. Macrophiothrix aristulata. — McKnight, 1967 a: 312. Ophiothrix (Ophiothrix) aristulata. — Clark, A. M. & Courtman-Stock, 1976: 142 – 143, fig. 111, 115. — Rowe & Gates, 1995: 420. — O'Hara, 1998: 45 – 46, fig. 3. Ophiothrix (Placophiothrix) aristulata. — McKnight, 1993 a: 175, 187. Ophiothrix (Ophiothrix) megaloplax. — Rowe & Gates, 1995: 423. Non Ophiothrix aristulata. — Döderlein, 1910: 254, pl. 5 (4 – 5) [= Ophiothrix (Ophiothrix) fragilis (Abildgaard, 1789); see Mortensen, 1933 a]. Non Ophiothrix aristulata. — Hertz, 1927: 35 – 36 [= Ophiothrix fragilis Müller J & Troschel F H, 1842; see Mortensen, 1933 a].	en	Mills, V. Sadie, O'Hara, Timothy D. (2013): Ophiuroids (Echinodermata; Ophiuroidea) of biogenic habitats on the continental shelf of New Zealand. Zootaxa 3613 (5): 401-444, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3613.5.1
03EA87901101FF8DFF4A6081D176FB2A.taxon	materials_examined	Material Examined. West Coast North Island. TAN 1105 / 88, NIWA 77844 (4).	en	Mills, V. Sadie, O'Hara, Timothy D. (2013): Ophiuroids (Echinodermata; Ophiuroidea) of biogenic habitats on the continental shelf of New Zealand. Zootaxa 3613 (5): 401-444, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3613.5.1
03EA87901101FF8DFF4A6081D176FB2A.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Dorsal disc with thorny, glassy spines. Radial shields naked, each pair forming a diamond shape, separated by single row of disc spines. Diamond shaped dorsal arm plates with longitudinal ridge, highlighted by faint white stripe running along dorsal midline. Seven glassy, thorny arm spines, 2 – 3 segments long, sometimes with dark streak in centre of spine. Colour variable, typically white, pink, purple or tan with yellow markings on the disc and a white stripe or series of black dots, running down the dorsal arm surface.	en	Mills, V. Sadie, O'Hara, Timothy D. (2013): Ophiuroids (Echinodermata; Ophiuroidea) of biogenic habitats on the continental shelf of New Zealand. Zootaxa 3613 (5): 401-444, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3613.5.1
03EA87901101FF8DFF4A6081D176FB2A.taxon	description	Description. See O'Hara (1998 a).	en	Mills, V. Sadie, O'Hara, Timothy D. (2013): Ophiuroids (Echinodermata; Ophiuroidea) of biogenic habitats on the continental shelf of New Zealand. Zootaxa 3613 (5): 401-444, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3613.5.1
03EA87901101FF8DFF4A6081D176FB2A.taxon	distribution	Distribution. New Zealand (161 – 800 m), southern Australia (50 – 650 m), Solomon Is (264 – 273 m), Southern Africa (217 – 450 m), Indonesia, Philippines, India (216 – 390 m).	en	Mills, V. Sadie, O'Hara, Timothy D. (2013): Ophiuroids (Echinodermata; Ophiuroidea) of biogenic habitats on the continental shelf of New Zealand. Zootaxa 3613 (5): 401-444, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3613.5.1
03EA87901101FF8FFF4A6551D3DAFE51.taxon	description	Ophiothrix lepida. — Clark, H. L., 1915: 281. — Koehler, 1922: 246 – 248, pls. 36 (5), 100 (3). — Koehler, 1930: 143. — Clark, A. H., 1952 a: 293. Ophiothrix lepidus hawaiiensis Clark, A. H., 1949: 41 – 42, fig. 15 a – b. Ophiogymna saltatrix McKnight, 1968: 522 – 525, figs. 7, 8. — McKnight, 1975: 71 [synonymised by Rowe, 1989]. Ophiothrix (Acanthophiothrix) lepidus. — Rowe & Gates, 1995: 424.	en	Mills, V. Sadie, O'Hara, Timothy D. (2013): Ophiuroids (Echinodermata; Ophiuroidea) of biogenic habitats on the continental shelf of New Zealand. Zootaxa 3613 (5): 401-444, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3613.5.1
03EA87901101FF8FFF4A6551D3DAFE51.taxon	materials_examined	Material Examined. Far North. TAN 1105 / 9, NIWA 72990 (5); NIWA 72990 (5). TAN 1105 / 18, NIWA 73017 (1).	en	Mills, V. Sadie, O'Hara, Timothy D. (2013): Ophiuroids (Echinodermata; Ophiuroidea) of biogenic habitats on the continental shelf of New Zealand. Zootaxa 3613 (5): 401-444, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3613.5.1
03EA87901101FF8FFF4A6551D3DAFE51.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Red disc covered in long thin articulated white spines. Thin, naked radial shields, meet distally, diverging and slight widening proximally. Radial shields white with short longitudinal purple stripe distally. Dorsal arm plates longer than wide with a conspicuous thick dark red stripe on midline. Ventral arm plates longer than wide with a thin faint red stripe along midline. Six very long (5 – 7 segments long), transparent, hollow, thorny arm spines.	en	Mills, V. Sadie, O'Hara, Timothy D. (2013): Ophiuroids (Echinodermata; Ophiuroidea) of biogenic habitats on the continental shelf of New Zealand. Zootaxa 3613 (5): 401-444, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3613.5.1
03EA87901101FF8FFF4A6551D3DAFE51.taxon	description	Description. See McKnight (1968 b) as Ophiogymna saltatrix.	en	Mills, V. Sadie, O'Hara, Timothy D. (2013): Ophiuroids (Echinodermata; Ophiuroidea) of biogenic habitats on the continental shelf of New Zealand. Zootaxa 3613 (5): 401-444, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3613.5.1
03EA87901101FF8FFF4A6551D3DAFE51.taxon	distribution	Distribution. New Zealand (79 – 508 m), Tasman Sea (111 – 330 m), Indonesia (35 – 85 m), Philippines (62 – 90 m), Mauritius, Marshall Islands (122 – 168 m), Hawaii (as subspecies O. lepidus hawaiiensis A. H. Clark, 1949, 110 – 545 m).	en	Mills, V. Sadie, O'Hara, Timothy D. (2013): Ophiuroids (Echinodermata; Ophiuroidea) of biogenic habitats on the continental shelf of New Zealand. Zootaxa 3613 (5): 401-444, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3613.5.1
03EA87901101FF8FFF4A6551D3DAFE51.taxon	discussion	Remarks. This species has previously been reported in the South-West Pacific Ocean from the Norfolk (Rowe 1989) and Kermadec Ridges (McKnight 1968 as Ophiogymna saltatrix). Here we extend the known distribution to northern New Zealand. This species is similar to the littoral O. purpurea von Martens, 1867 differing only in the shape of the radial shield, which are much longer than wide in O. lepidus. However, the shape of the radial shields can be quite variable in O. purpurea, and H. L. Clark (1938) and Clark & Rowe (1971) have treated the two species as synonyms. Conversely, Rowe (1989) considered them as distinct and synonymised O. saltatrix with O. lepidus. The current specimens have the narrow radial shields indicative of O. lepidus. Whether the specimens found in deep-water off New Zealand are really conspecific with a species described from shallow water around Mauritius needs further investigation.	en	Mills, V. Sadie, O'Hara, Timothy D. (2013): Ophiuroids (Echinodermata; Ophiuroidea) of biogenic habitats on the continental shelf of New Zealand. Zootaxa 3613 (5): 401-444, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3613.5.1
03EA87901103FF8FFF4A6272D08DF917.taxon	description	Macrophiothrix oliveri. — Hoggett, 1990: 192 – 194, figs. 3.22 e – i, 3.23 e – g.	en	Mills, V. Sadie, O'Hara, Timothy D. (2013): Ophiuroids (Echinodermata; Ophiuroidea) of biogenic habitats on the continental shelf of New Zealand. Zootaxa 3613 (5): 401-444, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3613.5.1
03EA87901103FF8FFF4A6272D08DF917.taxon	materials_examined	Material Examined. Bay of Islands. KAH 0907 / 194, NIWA 77880 (1). TAN 0906 / 2, NIWA 77863 (1). TAN 0906 / 60, NIWA 55192 (86). TAN 0906 / 81, NIWA 55440 (3). TAN 0906 / 96, NIWA 77862 (1). TAN 0906 / 99, NIWA 55683 (1). TAN 0906 / 102, NIWA 55737 (1). TAN 0906 / 170, NIWA 77861 (2). TAN 0906 / 240, NIWA 57508 (20). East Coast North Island. TAN 1108 / 197, NIWA 77785 (3). TAN 1108 / 213, NIWA 77800 (3). TAN 1108 / 217, NIWA 77814 (2). TAN 1108 / 239, NIWA 77816 (1). TAN 1108 / 250, NIWA 75543 (1). TAN 1108 / 253, NIWA 75593 (2). TAN 1108 / 268, NIWA 77783 (30). TAN 1108 / 275, NIWA 77812 (3). Far North. TAN 0906 / 159, NIWA 56591 (10). TAN 1105 / 60, NIWA 73395 (1). Three Kings Islands. TAN 1105 / 35, NIWA 77846 (8). TAN 1105 / 42, NIWA 77845 (2). TAN 1105 / 53, NIWA 73324 (2). TAN 1105 / 69, NIWA 77831 (18). TAN 1105 / 70, NIWA 77815 (2). Comparative Material. Macrophiothrix oliveri (Benham, 1911): Duncombe Bay, Norfolk Island, 29 ° 0´S, 167 ° 55´E, 15 m, 25 / 9 / 1976, MV F 96553 (1). NZOI / K 797, off L'Esperance Rock, 31 ° 20.82´S, 178 ° 49.2´W, 55 m, 19 / 7 / 1974, NIWA 79573 (20). NZOI / P 968, Raoul Island, Kermadec Chain, 29 ° 14.7´S, 177 ° 52.32´W, 10 m, 11 / 6 / 1980, NIWA 79568 (1). NZOI / T 260, off L'Esperance Rock, 31 ° 20.802´S, 178 ° 49.602´W, 68 m, 28 / 3 / 1982, NIWA 79564 (12).	en	Mills, V. Sadie, O'Hara, Timothy D. (2013): Ophiuroids (Echinodermata; Ophiuroidea) of biogenic habitats on the continental shelf of New Zealand. Zootaxa 3613 (5): 401-444, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3613.5.1
03EA87901103FF8FFF4A6272D08DF917.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Disc densely covered in glassy trifid-multifid spinelets, obscuring disc plates and radial shields. Distal edges of white radial shields visible beneath spinelets. Dorsal arm plates twice as wide as long, truncate fan shaped, light pinkish purple interspersed with a darker plate every 2 – 3 segments, all with variable white blotch on distal border. Ventral disc and arm surface creamy white. Six transparent arm spines, 3 – 4 arm segments, 4 th spine longest, reducing to less than a segment ventrally, with thorny edges.	en	Mills, V. Sadie, O'Hara, Timothy D. (2013): Ophiuroids (Echinodermata; Ophiuroidea) of biogenic habitats on the continental shelf of New Zealand. Zootaxa 3613 (5): 401-444, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3613.5.1
03EA87901103FF8FFF4A6272D08DF917.taxon	description	Description. See Mortensen (1924).	en	Mills, V. Sadie, O'Hara, Timothy D. (2013): Ophiuroids (Echinodermata; Ophiuroidea) of biogenic habitats on the continental shelf of New Zealand. Zootaxa 3613 (5): 401-444, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3613.5.1
03EA87901103FF8FFF4A6272D08DF917.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Kermadec and Norfolk Islands (1 – 157 m), northern New Zealand (37 – 205 m)	en	Mills, V. Sadie, O'Hara, Timothy D. (2013): Ophiuroids (Echinodermata; Ophiuroidea) of biogenic habitats on the continental shelf of New Zealand. Zootaxa 3613 (5): 401-444, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3613.5.1
03EA87901103FF8FFF4A6272D08DF917.taxon	discussion	Remarks. This species was transferred to Macrophiothrix by Hoggett (1990) in an unpublished PhD thesis. Examination of the specimens here confirms this decision; the dorsal arm plates are in general twice as wide as long, similar to other Macrophiothrix species. Within Macrophiothrix, Hoggett (1990) distinguished M. oliveri by the length of the fourth-sixth arm spines from the top which are the longest in the series. On other species, the second-third arm spines are longest. This species has a restricted distribution along the north-east coast of New Zealand and around a few islands to the north.	en	Mills, V. Sadie, O'Hara, Timothy D. (2013): Ophiuroids (Echinodermata; Ophiuroidea) of biogenic habitats on the continental shelf of New Zealand. Zootaxa 3613 (5): 401-444, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3613.5.1
03EA87901103FF89FF4A6774D680FEFA.taxon	materials_examined	Material Examined. Otago. TAN 1108 / 148, NIWA 77856 (1). Stewart Island. TAN 1108 / 77, NIWA 74487 (2).	en	Mills, V. Sadie, O'Hara, Timothy D. (2013): Ophiuroids (Echinodermata; Ophiuroidea) of biogenic habitats on the continental shelf of New Zealand. Zootaxa 3613 (5): 401-444, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3613.5.1
03EA87901103FF89FF4A6774D680FEFA.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Dorsal disc covered in imbricating disc scales. Enlarged, distinctive marginal interradial disc plates. Short arms (2 x dd), dorsal arm plates fragmented in simple pattern (see Baker & Devaney 1981, figs. 10 – 13). Disc and arm plates creamy white in life.	en	Mills, V. Sadie, O'Hara, Timothy D. (2013): Ophiuroids (Echinodermata; Ophiuroidea) of biogenic habitats on the continental shelf of New Zealand. Zootaxa 3613 (5): 401-444, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3613.5.1
03EA87901103FF89FF4A6774D680FEFA.taxon	description	Description. See Fell (1953).	en	Mills, V. Sadie, O'Hara, Timothy D. (2013): Ophiuroids (Echinodermata; Ophiuroidea) of biogenic habitats on the continental shelf of New Zealand. Zootaxa 3613 (5): 401-444, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3613.5.1
03EA87901103FF89FF4A6774D680FEFA.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Southern New Zealand and subantarctic islands (1 – 305 m). Remarks. This is the first record of this species from the South Island of New Zealand.	en	Mills, V. Sadie, O'Hara, Timothy D. (2013): Ophiuroids (Echinodermata; Ophiuroidea) of biogenic habitats on the continental shelf of New Zealand. Zootaxa 3613 (5): 401-444, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3613.5.1
03EA87901105FF88FF4A61E3D031FE32.taxon	materials_examined	Material Examined. Bay of Islands. TAN 0906 / 134, NIWA 77829 (4). East Coast North Island. TAN 1108 / 179, NIWA 77811 (33). TAN 1108 / 197, NIWA 77724 (18). TAN 1108 / 213, NIWA 77798 (3). TAN 1108 / 217, NIWA 77726 (1). Comparative Material. Ophiozonoida obscura Koehler, 1922: SS 05 / 2007 / 188, Northwestern Australia, Ashmore L 30 transect, 12 ° 26.7´S, 123 ° 36.048´E to 12 ° 26.967´S, 123 ° 36.583´E, 96 m, 6 / 7 / 2007, MV F 162618 (103). Ophiozonoida parva McKnight, 1975: NZOI / E 864, Northern Tasman Sea, 32 ° 36´S, 167 ° 36´E, 130 m, 19 / 3 / 1968, holotype, NIWA 716 (1); paratypes, NIWA 717 (2).	en	Mills, V. Sadie, O'Hara, Timothy D. (2013): Ophiuroids (Echinodermata; Ophiuroidea) of biogenic habitats on the continental shelf of New Zealand. Zootaxa 3613 (5): 401-444, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3613.5.1
03EA87901105FF88FF4A61E3D031FE32.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Numerous imbricating disc scales, primary plates conspicuous. Radial shields separated from each other and disc edge by single row of scales. Three disc plates lie in a row distal to the radial shield. 4 – 5 erect bluntly pointed arm spines. Up to 4 tentacle scales on first pore, 2 on second pore, then single scale distally.	en	Mills, V. Sadie, O'Hara, Timothy D. (2013): Ophiuroids (Echinodermata; Ophiuroidea) of biogenic habitats on the continental shelf of New Zealand. Zootaxa 3613 (5): 401-444, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3613.5.1
03EA87901105FF88FF4A61E3D031FE32.taxon	description	Description. See McKnight (1975).	en	Mills, V. Sadie, O'Hara, Timothy D. (2013): Ophiuroids (Echinodermata; Ophiuroidea) of biogenic habitats on the continental shelf of New Zealand. Zootaxa 3613 (5): 401-444, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3613.5.1
03EA87901105FF88FF4A61E3D031FE32.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Northern New Zealand (46 – 356 m).	en	Mills, V. Sadie, O'Hara, Timothy D. (2013): Ophiuroids (Echinodermata; Ophiuroidea) of biogenic habitats on the continental shelf of New Zealand. Zootaxa 3613 (5): 401-444, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3613.5.1
03EA87901105FF88FF4A61E3D031FE32.taxon	discussion	Remarks. McKnight (1975) distinguished O. parva from Ophiozonoida picta by the more numerous disc plates and the presence of 4 - 5 rather than three arm spines, and five rather than six oral papillae. However, examination of the large number of specimens now available casts doubt on some of these distinctions. While, some specimens have four arm spines, the number of oral papillae and disc plate size do not co-vary in a consistent way. However, the number of arm spines is not related to specimen size, so we continue to use the name O. parva for the 4 – 5 spine form until further evidence is obtained. The arm spines on these specimens increase in size ventrally; the upper spine is 1 / 3 of an arm segment in length while the ventralmost is easily half an arm segment in length. Arm plates are irregularly fragmented in larger specimens of O. parva and O. picta suggesting a relationship to Ophioplocus. Similar fragmentation occurs in larger specimens of Ophiozonoida obscura Koehler, 1922 from off north-western Australia (MV F 162618). Ophiozonoida picta H. L. Clark, 1915 (Fig. 17)	en	Mills, V. Sadie, O'Hara, Timothy D. (2013): Ophiuroids (Echinodermata; Ophiuroidea) of biogenic habitats on the continental shelf of New Zealand. Zootaxa 3613 (5): 401-444, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3613.5.1
03EA87901105FF88FF4A61E3D031FE32.taxon	materials_examined	Material Examined. Bay of Islands. KAH 0907 / 239, NIWA 77718 (1). TAN 0906 / 2, NIWA 77830 (4). TAN 0906 / 21, NIWA 77825 (2); NIWA 54697 (1). TAN 0906 / 24, NIWA 54750 (1). TAN 0906 / 25, NIWA 77826 (1). TAN 0906 / 65, NIWA 55227 (1). TAN 0906 / 83, NIWA 55511 (1). TAN 0906 / 90, NIWA 77822 (1). TAN 0906 / 96, NIWA 77828 (5). TAN 0906 / 99, NIWA 77823 (1). TAN 0906 / 102, NIWA 55744 (1). TAN 0906 / 105, NIWA 77824 (3). TAN 0906 / 129, NIWA 55990 (3). TAN 0906 / 130, NIWA 77827 (1). TAN 0906 / 134, NIWA 56113 (1). TAN 0906 / 140, NIWA 56262 (1). TAN 0906 / 170, NIWA 77821 (2). TAN 0906 / 178, NIWA 77819 (2). TAN 0906 / 207, NIWA 57254 (2). TAN 0906 / 134, NIWA 77829 (4). East Coast North Island. TAN 1108 / 179, NIWA 77811 (33). TAN 1108 / 197, NIWA 77724 (18). TAN 1108 / 217, NIWA 77726 (1). TAN 1108 / 268, NIWA 77725 (7). Far North. TAN 0906 / 154, NIWA 77820 (3). TAN 0906 / 162, NIWA 56736 (1). TAN 0906 / 164, NIWA 77818 (1); NIWA 77817 (4). Three Kings Islands. TAN 1105 / 35, NIWA 77721 (2). TAN 1105 / 42, NIWA 77722 (1). TAN 1105 / 69, NIWA 77719 (5). West Coast North Island. TAN 1105 / 115, NIWA 77720 (1). TAN 1105 / 137, NIWA 77723 (1).	en	Mills, V. Sadie, O'Hara, Timothy D. (2013): Ophiuroids (Echinodermata; Ophiuroidea) of biogenic habitats on the continental shelf of New Zealand. Zootaxa 3613 (5): 401-444, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3613.5.1
03EA87901105FF88FF4A61E3D031FE32.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Imbricating disc scales, primary plates conspicuous. Three disc plates lie in a row distal to the radial shield. Three erect bluntly pointed arm spines. Up to 4 tentacle scales on first pore, 2 on second pore, then single scale distally.	en	Mills, V. Sadie, O'Hara, Timothy D. (2013): Ophiuroids (Echinodermata; Ophiuroidea) of biogenic habitats on the continental shelf of New Zealand. Zootaxa 3613 (5): 401-444, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3613.5.1
03EA87901105FF88FF4A61E3D031FE32.taxon	description	Description. See Mortensen (1924).	en	Mills, V. Sadie, O'Hara, Timothy D. (2013): Ophiuroids (Echinodermata; Ophiuroidea) of biogenic habitats on the continental shelf of New Zealand. Zootaxa 3613 (5): 401-444, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3613.5.1
03EA87901105FF88FF4A61E3D031FE32.taxon	distribution	Distribution. New Zealand (0 – 820 m).	en	Mills, V. Sadie, O'Hara, Timothy D. (2013): Ophiuroids (Echinodermata; Ophiuroidea) of biogenic habitats on the continental shelf of New Zealand. Zootaxa 3613 (5): 401-444, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3613.5.1
03EA87901105FF88FF4A61E3D031FE32.taxon	discussion	Remarks. See under O. parva.	en	Mills, V. Sadie, O'Hara, Timothy D. (2013): Ophiuroids (Echinodermata; Ophiuroidea) of biogenic habitats on the continental shelf of New Zealand. Zootaxa 3613 (5): 401-444, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3613.5.1
