taxonID	type	description	language	source
03EA879FB902FFA2FF69FD3B98B3FB16.taxon	description	In all Anthidiellum the distal end of the mandibles, when closed, are more or less parallel with the long axis of the face, and Afrotropical species have three to four teeth. The subantennal suture is bowed outwards and the scutoscutellar suture is open and shiny. In males, the distal margin of the sixth tergum is suppressed and translucent. Pycnanthidium females have a unique wide hind basitarsus. In both sexes, the preoccipital carina is confined to the area behind the vertex. In Chloranthidiellum, it continues laterally to the malar area. The males can be separated by the sterna. In females, however, colour seems to be the only separating character, and it is unreliable.	en	Eardley, Connal (2018): Taxonomic revision of the sub-Saharan Anthidiellum Cockerell (Apoidea: Megachilidae: Anthidiini). Zootaxa 4402 (2): 201-250, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4402.2.1
03EA879FB903FFA3FF69FA439D07F86A.taxon	description	Anthidiellum SENSU StRIctO IS cHARActERIZED By T 2 - T 5 BEINg LOBAtE LAtERALLy, IN DORSAL VIEW. IN Chloranthidiellum, tHE tRANSLUcENt ORANgE, DIStAL MARgINS OF tHE MEtASOMAL tERgA ARE SUPPRESSED MAKINg tHE yELLOW REgION OF tHE tERgA PROtRUDE SLIgHtLy LAtERALLy, BUt tHEy ARE NOt LOBAtE. THE HOLOtyPE OF A. eritrinum WAS StUDIED AND NONE OF tHE MEtASOMAL tERgA ARE LOBAtE. ALSO, tHE ORIgINAL DEScRIPtION OF A. eritrinum (FRIESE 1915) MAKES NO MENtION OF A LOBAtE MEtASOMA. THEREFORE, PAStEELS (1984) ERRONEOUSLy PLAcED Anthidiellum eritrinum (FRIESE) INtO Anthidiellum SENSU StRIctO. Anthidiellum eritrinum IS HERE MOVED tO tHE SUBgENUS Chloranthidiellum. THUS, ONLy tWO SUBgENERA OF Anthidiellum ARE KNOWN FROM tHE AFROtROPIcAL REgION. Anthidiellum eritrinum AND A. pamae ARE tHE ONLy tWO SPEcIES IN tHIS SUBgENUS. THEREFORE, tHEy ARE MOSt cLOSELy RELAtED tO ONE ANOtHER, UNItED By tHE WELL DEVELOPED PREOccIPItAL cARINA.	en	Eardley, Connal (2018): Taxonomic revision of the sub-Saharan Anthidiellum Cockerell (Apoidea: Megachilidae: Anthidiini). Zootaxa 4402 (2): 201-250, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4402.2.1
03EA879FB903FFA3FF69FA439D07F86A.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Preoccipital carina extends across posterior vertex and gena (nearly reaching mandible base); omaulus lamellate; S 4 concave posteromesally, distal edge mesolateral fringe with 4 – 5 black setae; S 5 straight, distal fringe with short black setae, never interrupted mesally. Alternately, as in Pycnanthidium pamae, the preoccipital carina is indistinct and laterally confined to the upper gena, and the omaullus is carinate. The distal sterna of the male are devoid of fringes.	en	Eardley, Connal (2018): Taxonomic revision of the sub-Saharan Anthidiellum Cockerell (Apoidea: Megachilidae: Anthidiini). Zootaxa 4402 (2): 201-250, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4402.2.1
03EA879FB904FFA7FF69FF509ACEF853.taxon	description	Anthidium eritrinum FRIESE, 1915: 275, 295 – 296, FEMALE HOLOtyPE (ZMHB, EXAMINED) GHELEB, ERItREA. Anthidiellum eritrinum (FRIESE): MAVROMOUStAKIS 1936 A: 44 – 45. Anthidiellum (Anthidiellum) eritrinum (FRIESE): PAStEELS 1984: 92 – 95. Anthidium minutulum VAR. flavescens FRIESE, 1925: 509, MALE HOLOtyPE (SAMC, NOt EXAMINED) BULAWAyO, ZIMBABWE. syn. nov. Anthidiellum flavescens (FRIESE): MAVROMOUStAKIS 1936 B: 605 – 606. Anthidiellum (Chloranthidiellum) flavescens (FRIESE): MAVROMOUStAKIS 1963: 491. Anthidiellum hessei COcKERELL, 1932: 523 – 524, MALE SyNtyPES (SAMC, NOt EXAMINED) KAOKO, OtAVI, NAMIBIA; MAVROMOUStAKIS 1936 B: 605, SyN. flavescens. syn. nov. Anthidiellum (Chloranthidiellum) flavescens nigrescens PAStEELS, 1984: 94, FEMALE HOLOtyPE (SEMC, NOt EXAMINED) NgONg VALLEy, KENyA. syn. nov. Anthidiellum (Pygnanthidiellum) transversale PAStEELS, 1984: 104 – 106, MALE HOLOtyPE (RMNH, EXAMINED) NEAR RIVER SHONgONI, St. PAUL’S HOSPItAL, ZIMBABWE. syn. nov. The identification of flavescens is based mostly on Pasteels (1984). The type was not located. Similarly, the holotypes of hessei and nigrescens were not studied. Their identity was based on the original descriptions (Cockerell 1932, Pasteels 1984). They are apparently colour variations of A. eritrinum.	en	Eardley, Connal (2018): Taxonomic revision of the sub-Saharan Anthidiellum Cockerell (Apoidea: Megachilidae: Anthidiini). Zootaxa 4402 (2): 201-250, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4402.2.1
03EA879FB904FFA7FF69FF509ACEF853.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. In A. eritrinum the paraocular areas are yellow below, reaching diagonally to a little above the antennal sockets (Fig. 2 a, b), above which is mostly black, as are most of the genae. The female scutum is usually black, but yellow anterolaterally in some specimens, and in all males it is completely black. The scutellum is black mediolongitudinally and yellow laterally (Fig. 2 b, d), the mesopleura are black and the metasoma is usually yellow and orange, occasionally black and yellow (Fig. 2 b). The integument between the scutal puctures is shiny and largely striate, reticulate in places, more so anteriorly. Anthidiellum pamae has more extensive yellow maculation, reaching near to the upper extremes of the eyes, encompases most of genae and limited on the anterolateral region of the metasoma, and it is never shiny between punctures.	en	Eardley, Connal (2018): Taxonomic revision of the sub-Saharan Anthidiellum Cockerell (Apoidea: Megachilidae: Anthidiini). Zootaxa 4402 (2): 201-250, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4402.2.1
03EA879FB904FFA7FF69FF509ACEF853.taxon	description	Description. Female. Integument of head and mesosoma black with golden-yellow maculation on lower face, posterior vertex, upper gena, proximal mandible, pronotal lobe, anterolateral scutum (one specimen), axilla, lateral and posterolateral scutellum; legs and metasoma orange with yellow maculation on most of femora, outer tibiae and tarsi; anterior and lateral T 2 – T 5 except translucent distal margins, most T 6 (blackish anterolaterally), sometimes golden-yellow maculation on lateral T 1 (Fig. 2 a – b). Scopa very pale yellow (Fig. 3 a). Lengths: face 2.1 – 2.3 mm; scutum 1.5 – 1.8 mm; forewing 5.1 – 5.7 mm; body 5.1 – 6.1 mm. Structure. Head. Epistomal suture gently incurved at epistomal pit (Fig. 1 a); lower epistomal suture projects adjacent to inner antennal socket edge (Fig. 1 a); entire preoccipital carina well developed (behind vertex and gena); scutum gently convex, uniformely punctate; omaulus broadly lamellate (Fig. 2 b); fore and middle femora with spinose vestiture posteriorly; hind basitarsus narrow (length 2.3 x width) (Fig. 3 a); propodeum striate dorsally, vertical surface punctate dorsally and laterally, glabrous and shiny medioventrally. Male. Integument of head, mesosoma and metasoma black with golden-yellow maculation on lower half of face (reaching upper antennal socket), vertex, upper gena, most of mandible, pronotal lobe, axilla, sometimes a fleck on anterolateral scutum, lateral and posterolateral scutellum, most of femora, outer tibiae and tarsi, anterolateral T 1, anterior and lateral T 2, T 3 – T 5 except sometimes subapical black crossband and translucent distal margins, T 6 – T 7 (Fig. 2 c – d). Lengths: head 1.9 – 2.1 mm; scutum 1.2 – 1.4 mm; forewing 4.8 – 5.1 mm; body 4.5 – 5.5 mm. Structure. Head. Entire preoccipital carina well developed (behind vertex and gena); omaulus narrowly lamellate; fore and middle femora with spinose vestiture posteriorly; propodeum striate dorsolaterally, vertical surface punctate dorsally and laterally, glabrous and shiny medioventrally; T 6 – T 7 posteromedian spines (T 6 obtuse, T 7 acute); S 1 – S 3 unmodified; S 4 with a few black, setose hairs posteromedially (about 6 slender hairs, not a comb) (Fig. 3 b); S 5 with black, setose comb medially (less than half distal edge, Fig. 3 b, h); S 6 – S 8 and gonocoxa as illustrated (Fig. 3 d – h).	en	Eardley, Connal (2018): Taxonomic revision of the sub-Saharan Anthidiellum Cockerell (Apoidea: Megachilidae: Anthidiini). Zootaxa 4402 (2): 201-250, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4402.2.1
03EA879FB904FFA7FF69FF509ACEF853.taxon	distribution	Distribution (Fig. 4). Anthidiellum eritrinum seems to be widely distributed on the eastern half of Africa from Somalia to South Africa. However, one specimen was recorded from northern Namibia, which is savannah, as is the rest of its distribution.	en	Eardley, Connal (2018): Taxonomic revision of the sub-Saharan Anthidiellum Cockerell (Apoidea: Megachilidae: Anthidiini). Zootaxa 4402 (2): 201-250, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4402.2.1
03EA879FB904FFA7FF69FF509ACEF853.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Type material. Female holotype, Anthidium eritrinum Friese: ‘ Gheleb Eritrea IX, Anthidium eritrinum Fr ♀ 1914 det., Holo type, Type, Anthidium eritrinum Friese J. Pasteels det., 1963 ’, ZMHB. Male holotype, Anthidiellum (Pygnanthidiellum) transversale Pasteels: ‘ Rhodesia nr river Shangani I. A. W. Lucas, St. Paul’s Hospital 29 – 12 – 1975, Museum Leiden ex. Coll. J. P. van Lich, Holo Typus, Anthidiellum (Pygnanthidiellum) transversal J. Pasteels det., 1983 ’, RMNH. Additional material. Ethiopia. Sidamo pr., 500 km, NE Mega, 24. iv. 2007, J. Halada (1 ♂ SC). Kenya. Rift Valley Province, Sigor 4 km N Lodwar road, 01.33.07 N 35.27.07 E, 13. v. 2000, V. F. Lee, W. J. Pulawski (1 ♂ BBSL); Mpala Reserve, Turkana Boma site, 10. vi. 1999, G. N. Stone, Acacia nilotica (1 ♀ SANC); Voi, 10. xii. 1999, M. Snitek (3 ♂ MS); Ngon Hills, 8 km S Kiserian, 01.27 S 36.38 E, 17. iv. 2006, E. Jendek (1 ♂ SC); Kiboko env., 21. xi. 1999, M. Snitek (1 ♂ MS). Tanzania. Dodoma pr., 35 km E Dodoma, 05.54 S 35.45 E, 14. xii. 2006, J. Halada (1 ♂ SC); Mkomazi Ibaya Airstrip, 3. i. 1996, G. N. Stone, Indigofera sp. (2 ♀ SANC); Itigi 33 km SW, 28. i. 1970, M. E. Irwin E. S. Ross (1 ♀ BBSL); Serengeti National Park, Seronera, 23. xi. 1969, M. E. Irwin, E. S. Ross (1 ♂ BBSL); Dodoma pr., 35 km E Dodoma, 14. xii. 2006, 05.54 S 35.45 E, J. Halada (5 ♀ SC); W Kiberashi, Kit Wel plain, 16. iii. 2002, M. Snitek (2 ♀ MS); W Mbuyuni, E Iringa, 9. iii. 2002, M. Snitek (1 ♀ MS). Zimbabwe. Gwanda 20 km W, 6. xii. 1998, J. Halada (1 ♀ BBSL); Bulawayo, 14. xii. 1919, 28. xii. 1924, R. H. R. Stevenson (1 ♀ 1 ♂ TMSA); Wankie, xii. 1926, C. W. Tyler (1 ♂ SAMC); Premier Mine, 14. xii. 1944 (2 ♂ TMSA); Turk Mine, 16. xii. 1957, H. Empey (3 ♀ SANC); 80 km NE Kwekwe, Ngezi Dam, env., xii. 2011, J. Halada, M. Snitek (6 ♀ 1 ♂ MS). South Africa. Delarey, H. Brauns (1 ♀ SAMC). Namibia. Kaoko, Otavi, S. W. A., iii. 1926 (21 ♀ 18 ♂ SAMC).	en	Eardley, Connal (2018): Taxonomic revision of the sub-Saharan Anthidiellum Cockerell (Apoidea: Megachilidae: Anthidiini). Zootaxa 4402 (2): 201-250, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4402.2.1
03EA879FB908FFAAFF69FF50983DFEC3.taxon	description	The black circumference of the female T 6 is unique to this species. It is named for my wife Pamela. FIGURE 6. Anthidiellum pamae, MALE. A. T 6 – T 7. B. S 4 – S 5. c. S 5.	en	Eardley, Connal (2018): Taxonomic revision of the sub-Saharan Anthidiellum Cockerell (Apoidea: Megachilidae: Anthidiini). Zootaxa 4402 (2): 201-250, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4402.2.1
03EA879FB908FFAAFF69FF50983DFEC3.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. The paraocular areas are mostly yellow, reaching to near upper extremes of eyes (Fig. 4 a, c), and the genae are mostly yellow. In A. eritrinum, the yellow reaches to little above the antennal sockets and the genae are mostly black. The scutum is mostly black, yellow laterally, and the scutellum is mostly yellow, black anteromesally (Fig. 5 b, d). The metasoma is usually yellow and black. The female T 6 has a yellow disc circumscribed by black, as in A. polyochrum and A. absonulum, which are in a different subgenus. The integument between scutal punctures is striate in narrow inter-puncture areas and reticulate in wider area; sometimes shiny between punctures in A. eritrinum.	en	Eardley, Connal (2018): Taxonomic revision of the sub-Saharan Anthidiellum Cockerell (Apoidea: Megachilidae: Anthidiini). Zootaxa 4402 (2): 201-250, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4402.2.1
03EA879FB908FFAAFF69FF50983DFEC3.taxon	description	Description. Female. Integument of head, mesosoma and metasoma black with golden-yellow maculation on lower face, nearly entire paraocular area (narrowing towards upper inner eye margin), posterior vertex, upper gena, pronotal lobe, anterolateral scutum, axilla, lateral and posterolateral scutellum, most of femora, outer tibiae and tarsi, lateral T 1, anterolateral and lateral T 2, anterior and lateral T 3 – T 5 (on T 3, narrowly interrupted medially), central T 6 (circumscribed with black); mandible yellowish (Fig. 5 a – b). Scopa very pale yellow. Lengths: face 2.4 mm; scutum 1.7 mm; forewing 5.3 mm; body 5.3 mm. Structure. Head. Epistomal suture gently incurved at epistomal pit; lower epistomal suture projection adjacent to inner antennal socket edge (Fig. 1 a); entire preoccipital carina well developed; scutum gently convex, uniformly punctate (Fig. 5 b); omaulus broadly lamellate; fore and middle femora with spinose vestiture posteriorly; hind basitarsus narrow (length 2.9 x width) (cf Fig. 3 a); propodeum striate dorsally, vertical surface mostly punctate, shiny and finely sculptured medioventrally (reticulate and striate). Male. Integument black with golden-yellow maculation on vertex, upper gena, lower face, nearly entire upper paraocular area, most of mandible, pronotal lobe, anterolateral scutum, axilla, posterolateral scutellum, ventral fore and middle femora, distal hind femur, most tibiae and tarsi, anterolateral T 1, lateral and anterior T 2, most T 3 – T 5 except translucent distal margins, T 6 – T 7 (Fig. 5 c – d). Lengths: head 2.2 – 2.3 mm; scutum 1.5 – 1.6 mm; forewing 5.6 – 5.7 mm; body 4.6 – 5.5 mm. Structure. Head. Entire preoccipital carina well developed; omaulus broadly lamellate; fore and middle femora with spinose vestiture posteriorly; propodeum striate dorsolaterally, vertical surface partly punctate, most of vertical surface shiny and finely sculptured (reticulate and striate); T 6 – T 7 posteromedian spines (T 6 obtuse, T 7 acute) (Fig. 6 a – b); S 1 – S 3 unmodified; S 4 with a few black, setose hairs posteromedially (about 10 thick hairs, not a comb) (Fig. 6 b); S 5 with black, setose comb on most of distal edge (more than half distal edge, Fig. 6 b – c); S 6 – S 8 and gonocoxa resemble those of A. eritrinum (cf. Fig. 3 d – g).	en	Eardley, Connal (2018): Taxonomic revision of the sub-Saharan Anthidiellum Cockerell (Apoidea: Megachilidae: Anthidiini). Zootaxa 4402 (2): 201-250, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4402.2.1
03EA879FB908FFAAFF69FF50983DFEC3.taxon	distribution	Distribution (Fig. 7). This new species is endemic to North-East Africa.	en	Eardley, Connal (2018): Taxonomic revision of the sub-Saharan Anthidiellum Cockerell (Apoidea: Megachilidae: Anthidiini). Zootaxa 4402 (2): 201-250, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4402.2.1
03EA879FB908FFAAFF69FF50983DFEC3.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Type material. ‘ ETHIOPIA AMHARA Region Harego Kembolcha 11.0611.4 N 39.39.58 E 2063 m 24. x. 2011 Justicia heterocarpa leg Zewdu A. (St 47) ’ (1 ♀ paratype RBINS). ‘ KENYA Voi 03.24.00 S 38.33.02 E 21 – 22. v. 2000 V. F. Lee W. J. Pulawski’ (1 ♀ paratype BBSL); ‘ S. Tsavo East BUCHUMA 28. ii. 1997 leg M. Snitek’ (1 ♀ paratype MS); ‘ KENYA E of Mwingi W of Nguni M. Snitek 1.12.2010 ’ (♀ holotype 7 ♂ paratypes MS).	en	Eardley, Connal (2018): Taxonomic revision of the sub-Saharan Anthidiellum Cockerell (Apoidea: Megachilidae: Anthidiini). Zootaxa 4402 (2): 201-250, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4402.2.1
03EA879FB90AFFABFF69F8C69AF4FDBE.taxon	description	Anthidiellum mediale, A. somaliense, A. zebra, A. absonulum, A. spilognathum, A. otavicum and A. polyochrum apparently form a species-group, within Pycnanthidium, unified by the shape of the female clypeus; convex upper edge (Fig. 1 a), lower epistomal suture projection to opposite inner antennal socket edge (Fig. 1 a), and more or less continuous male S 5 distal fringe albeit narrow (Figs 9 d, 10 e, 13 j, 16 i). Within this species-group, except for A. mediale in which the lateral scutum is uniquely declivous, it is not possible for me to say which species are more closely related to one another. On the other hand, A. apicatum, A. bipectinatum and A. sternale are united, as a species-group, by a more or less straight upper clypeal edge and only lateral fringes on the male S 5. Similar to the first species-group, it is not possible for me to say which of these species are more closely related. The species that could not be confidently identified, namely A. nigripes, A. bulawayense, A. o richalscopatum and A. tegwaniense, and A. nigripes’ synonym, rhodesianum, apparently belong to this species-group.	en	Eardley, Connal (2018): Taxonomic revision of the sub-Saharan Anthidiellum Cockerell (Apoidea: Megachilidae: Anthidiini). Zootaxa 4402 (2): 201-250, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4402.2.1
03EA879FB90AFFABFF69F8C69AF4FDBE.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. The preoccipital carina is never distinct on the genae, only slightly developed behind upper genae; the omaulus is carinate. In A. Chloranthidiellum, this carina is entirely distinctly developed and the omaulus is laminate. The male T 6 – T 7 medioposterior spine is unique; S 4 is variable but the distal edge never has mesolateral fringes of 4 – 5 black setae, as in A. Chloranthidiellum, and S 5 variable.	en	Eardley, Connal (2018): Taxonomic revision of the sub-Saharan Anthidiellum Cockerell (Apoidea: Megachilidae: Anthidiini). Zootaxa 4402 (2): 201-250, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4402.2.1
03EA879FB90BFFB3FF69FD489D0CFDB4.taxon	description	Anthidiellum (Pygnanthidiellum) mediale PAStEELS, 1984: 96, 101 – 103, MALE HOLOtyPE (UNKNOWN, NOt EXAMINED) CRyStAL WAtERS, BREEDtSNEK, SOUtH AFRIcA. Anthidiellum (Pycnanthidium) mediale PAStEELS: MIcHENER AND GRISWOLD 1994: 301. This species was identified from the original description. The comb on the male S 5 is as described by Pasteels (1984), yet the unique scutum was not described. Nevertheless, it is here assumed that Pasteels (1984) neglected to describe the scutum, as no other material with a similar male S 5 has been examined.	en	Eardley, Connal (2018): Taxonomic revision of the sub-Saharan Anthidiellum Cockerell (Apoidea: Megachilidae: Anthidiini). Zootaxa 4402 (2): 201-250, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4402.2.1
03EA879FB90BFFB3FF69FD489D0CFDB4.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. The scutum has the unique lateral margins curved distinctly downwards and glabrous and shiny (Fig. 8 c). Within this species-group the other females are separated from one another mostly by their proposeal sculpture and punctuation, and their coloration. The male T 5 has a unique narrow medial fringe of short, similar, black setae (20 – 30 setae) (Fig. 9 d). This species-group’s males are separated by the structure of S 4 and / or S 5.	en	Eardley, Connal (2018): Taxonomic revision of the sub-Saharan Anthidiellum Cockerell (Apoidea: Megachilidae: Anthidiini). Zootaxa 4402 (2): 201-250, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4402.2.1
03EA879FB90BFFB3FF69FD489D0CFDB4.taxon	description	Description. Female. Integument of head and mesosoma black with limited golden-yellow maculation on most of lower face (mediolongitudinal supraclypeus black), sometimes on posterolateral vertex (yellow streak), mandible (basally or entirely), pronotal lobe, sometimes lateral axilla, sometimes posterolateral scutellum (slight), ventral forefemur (other femora orangish), dorsal tibiae and tarsi; metasoma black with yellow on lateral T 1 – T 3, most T 4 (interrupted mediolongitudinally), sometimes T 5 – T 6, sometimes distal margins of metasomal terga translucent yellow to orangish, except T 6; metasomal ventre yellowish-orange (Fig. 8 a – d). Scopa very pale yellow (Fig. 8 d). Lengths: face 2.2 – 2.5 mm; scutum 1.7 – 2.0 mm; forewing 4.5 mm; body 5.2 – 5.5 mm. Structure. Head. Epistomal suture incurved above epistomal pit; lower epistomal suture projection adjacent to inner antennal socket edge (Fig. 1 a, 8 a); preoccipital region rounded; scutum declivous and shiny laterally; omaulus carinate; fore and middle femora with spinose vestiture posteriorly; hind basitarsus wide (length 1.4 x width) (Fig. 8 d); propodeum striate dorsolaterally, vertical surface punctate dorsally and laterally, a little fine, reticular sculpture dorsomedially, glabrous and shiny medioventrally. Male. Integument black with limited golden-yellow maculation on lower face (interantennal socket area black medially), sometimes lateral or entire vertex, most of mandible, anterodistal scape, pronotal lobe, lateral scutum (glabrous and shiny region), lateral axilla, sometimes posterolateral scutellum (Fig. 8 a – c), ventral fore and middle femora, distal hind femur, dorsal tibiae and tarsi, lateral T 1 – T 2, T 3 (broadly interrupted mediolongitudinal), T 4 – T 7 except translucent distal margin, metasomal ventre. Lengths: head 2.0 – 2.2 mm; scutum 1.5 – 1.8 mm; forewing 4.9 – 5.2 mm; body 5.1 – 5.8 mm. Structure. Head. Preoccipital region rounded on gena; scutum declivous and shiny laterally (cf. Fig. 8 c); omaulus carinate; forebasitarsus not fringed; fore and middle femora with spinose vestiture posteriorly; propodeum striate dorsolaterally, vertical surface punctate dorsally and laterally, a little fine, reticular sculpture dorsomedially, glabrous and shiny medioventrally; T 6 unmodified (Fig. 9 c); T 7 gently raised posteromedially, distal edge obtusely pointed posteromedially (Fig. 9 c); S 2 – S 4 unmodified, S 5 with black, setose comb medially (about one-quarter of distal edge) (Fig. 9 d, 10 e); S 6 – S 8 and gonocoxa as illustrated (Fig. 10 a – e).	en	Eardley, Connal (2018): Taxonomic revision of the sub-Saharan Anthidiellum Cockerell (Apoidea: Megachilidae: Anthidiini). Zootaxa 4402 (2): 201-250, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4402.2.1
03EA879FB90BFFB3FF69FD489D0CFDB4.taxon	distribution	Distribution (Fig. 11). Anthidiellum mediale occurs in Zimbabwe, Mozambique and north-eastern South Africa.	en	Eardley, Connal (2018): Taxonomic revision of the sub-Saharan Anthidiellum Cockerell (Apoidea: Megachilidae: Anthidiini). Zootaxa 4402 (2): 201-250, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4402.2.1
03EA879FB90BFFB3FF69FD489D0CFDB4.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Zimbabwe. Khami, 29. x. 1938, Anthidium aspidopodum Mavromoustakis det G. Arnold (1 ♂ SAMC B 004308); Sawmills, 28. x. 1919 (1 ♀ TMSA); Lonely Mine, 9. xi. 1919 (1 ♂ TMSA). Mozambique. 15 km SSE Manji, 15.29 S 33.16 E, 2 – 4. xii. 2005, Kadlecova (1 ♂ SC); 25 km N Massinga, 23.07 S 35.00 E, 26. xi. 2005, Kadlecova (1 ♀ SC). South Africa. Skukuza, 24.59 S 31.35 E, 14 – 17. i. 1985, 6. xii. 2010, 21 – 27. xi. 2011, 28. xi – 3 xii. 2011, C. Eardley G. Prinsloo (3 ♀ 2 ♂ SANC). Anthidiellum (Pycnanthidium) zebra (Friese) (Figs 12 – 14)	en	Eardley, Connal (2018): Taxonomic revision of the sub-Saharan Anthidiellum Cockerell (Apoidea: Megachilidae: Anthidiini). Zootaxa 4402 (2): 201-250, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4402.2.1
03EA879FB90BFFB3FF69FD489D0CFDB4.taxon	description	Anthidium zebra FRIESE, 1904: 103, MALE AND FEMALE SyNtyPES (ONE MALE ZMHB, EXAMINED) WILLOWMORE, SOUtH AFRIcA. Anthidiellum (Pycnanthidiellum) zebra (FRIESE): MIcHENER AND GRISWOLD 1994: 301. Anthidiellum medionigrum COcKERELL, 1933: 464, MALE HOLOtyPE (NHML, EXAMINED) AMANZIMtOtI, SOUtH AFRIcA; PAStEELS 1984: 97, SyN. Anthidiellum aspidopodum MAVROMOUStAKIS, 1936 A: 45 – 47, FEMALE HOLOtyPE (NHML, EXAMINED) LONELy MINE, ZIMBABWE. Syn. nov. Pygnanthidium (Pygnanthidium) aspidopodum (MAVROMOUStAKIS): MAVROMOUStAKIS 1963: 492; PAStEELS 1984: 99, SyN. FIGURE 10. Anthidiellum mediale, MALE. A. gENItALIA. B. S 8. c. S 7. D. S 6. E. 5. Pasteels (1984) synonymised absonulum and aspidopodum, however, after the study of the holotype I disagree with Pasteels (1984) because the holotype of aspidopodum is devoid of propodeal punctuation, whereas that of A. absonulum has propodeal punctuation. I here synonymise zebra and aspidopodum because of the similarity in their propodeal sculpture. A female paratype of Dianthidium melanocephalum Cockerell was incorrectly identified and is in reality a female of A. zebra.	en	Eardley, Connal (2018): Taxonomic revision of the sub-Saharan Anthidiellum Cockerell (Apoidea: Megachilidae: Anthidiini). Zootaxa 4402 (2): 201-250, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4402.2.1
03EA879FB90BFFB3FF69FD489D0CFDB4.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. This species belongs to the species-group in which the upper margin of the clypeus is rounded (see Fig. 1 a). The propodeum is mostly finely reticulate, as in A. spilognathum, and not punctate, as in most other species. The female T 5 is yellow, as in A. mediale; unlike most other species. The male S 3 has a mediolongitudinal spinose carina that projects posteriorly beyond the distal edge of the sternum, as in A. spilognathum. S 4 is uniquely concave mediolongitudinally and without a posteromedian spine, unlike the other species in this species-group. The S 5 comb of similar, short black setae occupies the entire posterior edge.	en	Eardley, Connal (2018): Taxonomic revision of the sub-Saharan Anthidiellum Cockerell (Apoidea: Megachilidae: Anthidiini). Zootaxa 4402 (2): 201-250, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4402.2.1
03EA879FB90BFFB3FF69FD489D0CFDB4.taxon	description	Description. Female. Integument black mostly with bright yellow maculation (occasionally almost entirely black) on lower face (mediolongitudinal interantennal socket area black), posterolateral vertex, mandible, pronotal lobe, lateral scutum, axilla, posterolateral scutellum, sometimes mesepisternum, dorsal tibiae (most of foretibia, proximal end of middle tibia, hind tibia except medioanterior region), outer hind basitarsus (remainder of legs orangish), lateral T 1 – T 3, lateral and dorsolateral T 4, T 5 (T 1 – T 5 distal margins translucent orange) and T 6; metasomal venter orange (Fig. 12 a – c). Scopa very pale yellow. Lengths: face 2.2 mm; scutum 1.5 mm; forewing 4.4 mm; body 5.0 mm. Structure. Head. Epistomal suture convex above (Fig. 1 a, 12 a); lower epistomal suture projection adjacent to opposite inner antennal socket edge (Fig. 1 a, 12 a); preoccipital region rounded; omaulus carinate; fore and middle femora with sparse, plumose vestiture posteriorly; hind basitarsus wide (length 1.5 x width) (Fig. 12 c); propodeum coarsely striate dorsolaterally, vertical surface almost entirely fine reticulate sculpture. Male. Integument black with bright yellow maculation on lower face (mediolongitudinal interantennal socket area black), posterolateral vertex (sometimes most vertex), mandible, pronotal lobe, lateral scutum, axilla, posterolateral scutellum, sometimes mesepisternum, ventral fore and middle femora, dorsal foretibia, proximal dorsal middle tibia, dorsal hind tibia except anteromedial region (remainder of legs orangish), lateral T 1 – T 3, T 4 – T 7 (T 4 sometimes mediolongitudinally interrupted by black); distal margins of T 1 – T 6 translucent orange, metasomal ventre orange (Fig. 13 a – d). Lengths: head 1.8 – 2.2 mm; scutum 1.4 – 1.5 mm; forewing 4.1 – 4.7 mm; body 4.7 – 5.4 mm. Structure. Head. preoccipital region rounded on gena; omaulus carinate; forebasitarsus short, sparse posterior fringe; fore and middle femora with sparse, plumose vestiture posteriorly; propodeum coarsely striate dorsolaterally, vertical surface punctate dorsally, mostly reticulate sculpture; T 6 slightly raised posteromedially (Fig. 13 c); T 7 weakly keeled posteromedially, distal edge truncate in dorsal view, obtusely pointed in ventral view (Fig. 13 c – d); S 2 unmodified; S 3 with distinct posteriorly directed spine, distal fringe on entire distal edge, a little longer than spine (Fig. 13 d); S 4 concave mediolongitudinally (Fig. 13 d); S 5 comb of similar, short black setae on entire posterior edge, not broadly interrupted medially (Fig. 13 d, i); S 6 – S 8 and gonocoxa as illustrated (Fig. 13 e – h).	en	Eardley, Connal (2018): Taxonomic revision of the sub-Saharan Anthidiellum Cockerell (Apoidea: Megachilidae: Anthidiini). Zootaxa 4402 (2): 201-250, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4402.2.1
03EA879FB90BFFB3FF69FD489D0CFDB4.taxon	distribution	Distribution (Fig. 14). Anthidiellum zebra apparently is widely distributed in southern and East Africa.	en	Eardley, Connal (2018): Taxonomic revision of the sub-Saharan Anthidiellum Cockerell (Apoidea: Megachilidae: Anthidiini). Zootaxa 4402 (2): 201-250, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4402.2.1
03EA879FB90BFFB3FF69FD489D0CFDB4.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Type material. Male syntypes of Anthidium zebra: ‘ Willowmore Capland Dr. Brauns 5.1903, Anthidium zebra Fr. ♂ 1904 Friese det., Type, Holo Type, Anthidium zebra Fr. J. Pasteels det., 1963 ’, ZMHB. Male holotype of Anthidiellum medionigrum: ‘ Amanzimtoti Natal Oct 16 W. P. C., Type, B. M. TYPE HYM 17 a. 1952, BMNH # 971060 ’, NHML. Female paralectotype of Dianthidium melanocephalum: ‘ Bluff Durban 134. i. 17 C. N. Barker Ac. No. 2000, Dianthidium melanocephalum Ckll. Cotype, Cockerell determ., Dianthidium melanocephalum Ckll J. Pasteels det., 1963 ’, SAMC – B 004313 ’. Female holotype of Anthidiellum aspidopodum: ‘ 3560, Lonely Mine, S. Rhodesia. H. Swale, 1014 – 273., Anthidiellum aspidopodum Mihi G. Mavromoustakis det., Type, B. M. TYPE HYM 17 a. 1910., BMNH € # 971056 ’, NHML. Additional material. Uganda. Semliki National Park, Bindibugyo Province, 25. xi. 2001, M. Snizek (1 ♂ SC). Kenya. Voi, 23. iii. 4. iv. 1997, M. Halada (1 ♂ SC); Malindi, 22 km S, 26. v. 1967, C. Michener (3 ♂ KU). Zambia. Livingstone, 30 km W, 19 – 22. xii. 2002, J. Halada (4 ♀ SC). Zimbabwe. Sawmills, 22 – 27. xii. 1923, R. H. R. Stevenson (1 ♂ TMSA); Khami, 27. x. 1938 (1 ♂ TMSA). Mozambique. Save, 15 k SE, 21.13 S 34.40 E, 18 – 19. xii. 2005, Kadlecova (1 ♂ SC). Botswana. Serowe, Farmer’s Brigade, 2226 Bd, 1980, P. Forchhammer (2 ♀ SANC). Namibia. Otjiowarongo, 25 km NW, 3. iii. 1990, M. Schwarz (1 ♀ SC). South Africa. Langjan Nature Reserve, Alldays district, 22.52 S 29.14 E, 10 – 20. i. 1980, G. L. Prinsloo, C. D. Eardley, P. Smith (1 ♂ SANC); Louis Trichardt, 42 km N, 24. iii. 1967, C. D. Michener (4 ♂ KU); Ben Albert’s Nature Reserve, 24.37 S 27.23 E, 24 – 28. xi. 1980, C. D. Eardley (1 ♂ SANC); Nylstroom, 13. ii. 2003, V. Krivan (1 ♀ SC); Nelspruit, 20 km SE, 27. xi. 2003, J. Halada (1 ♀ 1 ♂ SC); Mara, xii. 1974, R. H. Watmough (1 ♀ SANC); Loskop Dam, 20 km SE, 25.22 S 29.35 E, 9 – 13. ii. 1981, S. J. van Tonder, C. Kok (1 ♀ SANC); Crystal Waters, Breedtsnek, 4. xi. 1962, H. Empey (2 ♂ SANC); Saartjiesnek, 25.41 S 27.54 E, 12. xi. 1983, C. Bellamy (1 ♀ SANC); Hope, near Ellisras, 17. xi. 1962. H. Empey (1 ♂ SANC); D’Nyala Nature Reserve, Ellisras district, 23.45 S 27.49 E, 19 – 21. xii. 1987, 8 – 12. xii. 1989, M. W. Mansell (7 ♀ 5 ♂ SANC); Mogol Nature Reserve, Ellisras district, 23.58 S 27.45 E, 23. xi. 1979, 25 – 26. i. 1982, 27 – 29. ii. 1984, S. J. vanTonder, C. D. Eardley (2 ♀ 2 ♂ SANC); Soutpan, 25.24 S 28.06 E, 16. xi. 1983, C. D. Eardley (2 ♀ 1 ♂ SANC); Roodeplaat, xi. 1978, xi. 1979, 11. xii. 2011, 6 – 12. ii. 2012, C. D. Eardley (3 ♀ 1 ♂ SANC).	en	Eardley, Connal (2018): Taxonomic revision of the sub-Saharan Anthidiellum Cockerell (Apoidea: Megachilidae: Anthidiini). Zootaxa 4402 (2): 201-250, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4402.2.1
03EA879FB913FFB6FF69FD4D9D53F8DA.taxon	description	Dianthidium zebra spilognathum COcKERELL, 1936 A: 1, 6, FEMALE HOLOtyPE (AMNH, NOt EXAMINED) GREytOWN, SOUtH AFRIcA; PAStEELS 1984: 97, SyN. The holotype of this species was not located, and, therefore, not examined. However, the colour of the clypeus in combination with the type locality are diagnostic.	en	Eardley, Connal (2018): Taxonomic revision of the sub-Saharan Anthidiellum Cockerell (Apoidea: Megachilidae: Anthidiini). Zootaxa 4402 (2): 201-250, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4402.2.1
03EA879FB913FFB6FF69FD4D9D53F8DA.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. This species is in a species-group where the upper margin of the clypeus is convex (see Fig. 1 a). The vertical surface of the propodeum is reticulate, as in A. zebra and unlike A. absonulum and A. otavicum. The male terminalia have several unique features, S 3 has a mediolongitudinal spinose carina that projects posteriorly beyond the distal edge of the sternum; S 4 has a posterior projecting posteromedian spine, that is flat mediolongitudinally and the posterior fringe of S 5 comprises similar setae. They are confined to the south-eastern region of South Africa. The most similar species, A. zebra, occurs north of this region, albeit with a fine dividing line.	en	Eardley, Connal (2018): Taxonomic revision of the sub-Saharan Anthidiellum Cockerell (Apoidea: Megachilidae: Anthidiini). Zootaxa 4402 (2): 201-250, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4402.2.1
03EA879FB913FFB6FF69FD4D9D53F8DA.taxon	description	Description. Female. Integument black with variable golden-yellow maculation on paraocular area (ventral broad, dorsal narrow or absent), sometimes subantennal area (lower face partly black), clypeus (ventral, Wshaped), posterolateral vertex, sometimes mandible, lateral scutum, sometimes pronotal lobe, axilla, posterolateral scutellum, sometimes dorsal tibiae (most foretibia, proximal end middle tibia, most hind tibia excluding medioanterior area), most outer hind basitarsus (perimeter orangish, remainder of legs orangish), lateral T 1 – T 3, T 4 – T 5 with medially interrupted or continuous cross-bands, central or mediolateral T 6 (perimeter black); metasomal venter blackish. Scopa very pale yellow (Fig. 15 a – c). Lengths: face 2.1 – 2.5 mm; scutum 1.7 – 2.0 mm; forewing 4.6 – 5.2 mm; body 5.3 – 6.8 mm. Structure. Head. Epistomal suture convex above (Fig. 1 a); lower epistomal suture projection adjacent to opposite inner antennal socket edge (Fig. 1 a); preoccipital area rounded; omaulus carinate; fore and middle femora with sparse, plumose vestiture posteriorly; hind basitarsus wide (length 1.8 x width) (Fig. 15 c); propodeum coarsely striate on narrow dorsal margin, vertical surface finely sculptured. Male. Integument black with variable golden-yellow maculation on lower face (mediolongitudinal interantennal area black), posterolateral vertex, mandible, pronotal lobe, lateral scutum, axilla and posterolateral scutellum, legs from considerably yellow (remainder orange) to entirely blackish; lateral T 1 – T 3, T 4 – T 5 lateral only, medially interrupted or continuous cross – bands, T 6 – T 7 entirely or mediolateral spot (latter blackish – yellow) (Fig. 16 a – d); metasomal venter orangish. Lengths: head 2.2 mm; scutum 1.7 mm; forewing 5.0 mm; body 5.8 mm. Structure. Head. Preoccipital area rounded on gena; omaulus carinate; forebasitarsus with short, sparse posterior fringe; propodeum coarsely striate on narrow dorsal margin, remainder finely sculptured; T 6 slightly raised mediolongitudinally; T 7 weak mediolongitudinal tuberculate, distal edge truncate in dorsal view (Fig. 16 c), obtusely pointed in ventral view; S 2 slightly spinose posteromedially; S 3 weakly spinose posteromedially, distal fringe on mesal one-half of distal edge, a little longer than spine; S 4 flattish mediodistally, with small posteromedian spine; S 5 comb of short black setae occupies entire posterior edge, a little longer laterally than medially, not interrupted medially (Fig. 16 d, i); S 6 – S 8 and gonocoxa as illustrated (Fig. 16 e – h).	en	Eardley, Connal (2018): Taxonomic revision of the sub-Saharan Anthidiellum Cockerell (Apoidea: Megachilidae: Anthidiini). Zootaxa 4402 (2): 201-250, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4402.2.1
03EA879FB913FFB6FF69FD4D9D53F8DA.taxon	distribution	Distribution (Fig. 17). Anthidiellum spilognathum is endemic to southern Kwa-ZuluNatal and the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa. FIGURE 16. Anthidiellum spilognathum, MALE. A. FAcE. B. HABItUS. c. T 6 – T 7. D. S 5. E. GONOStyLUS. F. S 8. g. S 7. H. S 6. I. S 5.	en	Eardley, Connal (2018): Taxonomic revision of the sub-Saharan Anthidiellum Cockerell (Apoidea: Megachilidae: Anthidiini). Zootaxa 4402 (2): 201-250, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4402.2.1
03EA879FB913FFB6FF69FD4D9D53F8DA.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. South Africa. KarKloof, 67 km N Pietermaritzburg, 22. xii. 1966, C. D. Michener, B. B. Stuckenberg (2 ♀ KU); Mossel Bay, i. 1940 (1 ♀ SAMC); Knysna, i. 1979, C. D. Eardley (2 ♀ 1 ♂ SANC); Willowmore, 1. iii. 1902, 5. iii. 1903, H. Brauns (2 ♂ TMSA); Studispoort Bavianskloof, 33.31 S 23.56 E, 27. ii. 2010, C. Eardley (1 ♀ SANC); Willowmore,. iii. 1905, H. Brauns (1 ♀ 1 ♂ TMSA); Resolution Albany District 29.2.1925, A. Walton (1 ♀ TMSA); Algoa Bay, 10. iii. 1897, H. Brauns, (1 ♂ TMSA); Resolution Albany District 25. ii. 1928, A. Walton’ (1 ♂ TMSA); Hilton Grahamstown, 12 – 16. xi. 1975, F. W. Gess (1 ♂ AMCG); Queenstown, 16. xii. 1979, H. Empey (2 ♀ SANC); King Williams Town, 30 km WN, Rooikrans Dam, 12. xii. 2002, M Halada’ (1 ♂ SC); Pearston, plains of Camdeboo Game Reserve, 32.32.033 S 25.14.267 E, 30. x. 2009 – 22. ii. 2010, S. van Noort, Camdeboo Escarpment Thicket PCD 09 – ACAI – M 02, SAM – HYMB 023430 (1 ♂ SAMC).	en	Eardley, Connal (2018): Taxonomic revision of the sub-Saharan Anthidiellum Cockerell (Apoidea: Megachilidae: Anthidiini). Zootaxa 4402 (2): 201-250, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4402.2.1
03EA879FB917FFB9FF69FF509C37F8EF.taxon	description	Anthidium absonulum COcKERELL, 1932: 526 – 527, MALE HOLOtyPE (NHML, EXAMINED) KAtANgA, ELIZABEtHVILLE, DEMOcRAtIc REPUBLIc OF tHE CONgO. Anthidiellum absonulum (COcKERELL): COcKERELL 1936 B: 455. Anthidiellum (Pygnanthidiellum) absonulum (COcKERELL): PAStEELS 1984: 96, 99 – 100. Anthidium auriscopatum StRAND, 1912: 308, tWO FEMALE SyNtyPES (ONE IN ZMHB, EXAMINED) MAKOMO, HINtERLAND, EqUAtORIAL GUINEA. syn. nov. Anthidiellum auriscopatum (StRAND): MAVROMOUStAKIS 1936 A: 44 – 45; PAStEELS 1984: 99, SyN.	en	Eardley, Connal (2018): Taxonomic revision of the sub-Saharan Anthidiellum Cockerell (Apoidea: Megachilidae: Anthidiini). Zootaxa 4402 (2): 201-250, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4402.2.1
03EA879FB917FFB9FF69FF509C37F8EF.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. This species belongs to a species-group in which the upper margin of the clypeus is rounded (see Fig. 1 a). The female can only be separated from its most similar congener, A. otavicum, by fine sculpture medioventrally on the propodeum. This region is glabrous and shiny in A. otavicum. The interantennal socket area and supraclypeus are black, as in A. spilognathum and A. polyochrum. The male S 3 is devoid of a median spine, as in A. otavicum. S 4 has a uniquely bifid posteromedian tubercle with its posterior extremities acutely pointed, and the S 5 posterior comb has shorter setae laterally than medially.	en	Eardley, Connal (2018): Taxonomic revision of the sub-Saharan Anthidiellum Cockerell (Apoidea: Megachilidae: Anthidiini). Zootaxa 4402 (2): 201-250, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4402.2.1
03EA879FB917FFB9FF69FF509C37F8EF.taxon	description	Description. Female. Integument black with pale yellow maculation on lower face (mediolongitudinal interantennal socket area black), posterolateral vertex, mandible, pronotal lobe, lateral scutum, axilla, posterolateral scutellum, tibiae proximal dorsal surfaces, hind basitarsus center of outer surface (remainder of legs black), lateral T 1 – T 3, T 4 (broken crossband), T 5 cross-bands (Fig. 18 a – c), T 6 center (margins black); T 1 – T 5 black or blackish, metasomal venter blackish. Scopa very pale yellow. Lengths: face 2.0 – 2.2 mm; scutum 1.4 – 1.6 mm; forewing 4.0 – 4.6 mm; body 5.0 – 5.7 mm. Structure. Head. Epistomal suture convex above; lower epistomal suture projection adjacent to opposite inner antennal socket edge (Fig. 1 a); preoccipital area rounded; omaulus carinate; fore and middle femora with sparse, plumose vestiture posteriorly; hind basitarsus wide (length 1.5 x width) (Fig. 18 c); propodeum coarsely striate dorsolaterally, vertical surface punctate dorsally, mostly smooth and shiny ventrally, finely sculptured medioventrally; T 1 – T 5 distal margins impunctate. Male. Integument black with variable pale yellow maculation on lower face (mediolongitudinal region of interantennal area black), posterolateral vertex, mandible, pronotal lobe, lateral scutum, axilla, posterolateral scutellum, dorsal tibiae (middle and hind tibiae anterocentral regions black), outer surface of hind basitarsus (weakly circumscribed with black or blackish-orange), lateral T 1 – T 3, cross-bands on T 4 – T 6, entire T 7; sometimes posteroventral fore and middle femora; distal margins of T 1 – T 4 black or blackish, T 5 – T 6 translucent orange (Fig. 19 a – c), metasomal venter blackish-orange (Fig. 19 d). Lengths: head 1.4 – 2.0 mm; scutum 1.0 – 1.3 mm; forewing 3.4 – 4.2 mm; body 3.5 – 5.2 mm. Structure. Head. Preoccipital area rounded on gena; omaulus carinate; forebasitarsus short, dense posterior fringe; propodeum coarsely striate dorsolaterally, vertical surface punctate dorsally, smooth and shiny ventrally; distal margins of T 1 – T 4 impunctate; T 6 – T 7 not swollen medioposteriorly; T 7 distal edge truncate in dorsal view, obtusely pointed in ventral view; S 2 – S 3 slight mediolongitudinal keels (not spinose); S 3 distal fringe on mesal one-third of distal edge (Fig. 19 d); S 4 narrowly concave mediolongitudinally with well developed bifid, black tubercle posteromedially (Fig. 19 d); S 5 entire posterior edge with a of comb short black setae, shorter laterally than medially, narrowly interrupted medially (Fig. 19 d, i); S 6 – S 8 and gonocoxa as illustrated (Fig. 19 e – h).	en	Eardley, Connal (2018): Taxonomic revision of the sub-Saharan Anthidiellum Cockerell (Apoidea: Megachilidae: Anthidiini). Zootaxa 4402 (2): 201-250, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4402.2.1
03EA879FB917FFB9FF69FF509C37F8EF.taxon	distribution	Distribution (Fig. 20). Although known from limited records, Anthidiellum absonulum is widespread through Africa.	en	Eardley, Connal (2018): Taxonomic revision of the sub-Saharan Anthidiellum Cockerell (Apoidea: Megachilidae: Anthidiini). Zootaxa 4402 (2): 201-250, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4402.2.1
03EA879FB917FFB9FF69FF509C37F8EF.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Type material. Male holotype of Anthidium absonulum: ‘ Elisabethville Sept. 11 J. O., Anthidium absonulum Ckll. TYPE., T. D. A. Cockerell. B. M. 1936 – 415, Type, B. M. TYPE HYM 17 a 1881, BMNH € # 971055 ’, NHML. Female paratype of Anthidium auriscopatum: ‘ Sp. Guinea Hintld MakomoTessmann S. G., Anthidium auriscopatum ♀ det., Type’, ZMHB. Additional material. Mali. Segou, 60 km SW, 1. viii. 1991, M. Schwarz (1 ♂ SC). Nigeria. Gashaka Gumfi National Park, 30 km SE Serti, 07.21 N 11.32 E, 24. iv – 8. v. 2011, J Halada (3 ♂ SC). Benin. Save, 15 km SE, 8 – 25. iv. 2000, J. Halada (22 ♀ 4 ♂ SC). Central African Republic. Bangui, 90 km NNE 05.03 N 18.47 E, 14. iii. 2010, J. Halada (1 ♀ 3 ♂ SC); Bangui, 40 km N, 04.41 N 18.36 E, 8. v. 2009, J. Halada (3 ♂ SC); Bamingui, 45 km SSW, 07.15 N 20.03 E, 14. v. 2009, J. Halada (2 ♀ 7 ♂ SC); Ndele, 100 km SW, 07.47 N 20.14 E, 15. v. 2009, J Halada (1 ♀ 4 ♂ SC); Ndele, 35 km E, 08.29 N 20.57 E, 17. v. 2009, J Halada (5 ♂ SC); Kaga Bandoro, 40 km S, 06.41 N 19.07 E, 14. iv. 2010, J. Halada (2 ♀ 6 ♂ SC). Mozambique. Manje, 15 km SSE, 15.29 S 33.16 E, Kadlecova (2 ♂ SC); Masiene, xii. 1923, R. F. Lawrence (1 ♀ SAMC — B 004301). Zimbabwe. Khami, 27. x. 1938 (1 specimen SAMC B 004308), Bulawayo 19. xii. 1919, (1 specimen SAMC B 004309). South Africa. Kloof, 2. ii. 1915, Marley (1 ♀ SAMC B 004300); Roodeplaat, 25.36.10 S 28.21.05 E, 6 – 12. iii. 2012, C. Eardley (1 ♂ SANC). FIGURE 19. Anthidiellum absonulum, MALE. A. FAcE. B. HABItUS. c. T 6 – T 7. D. S 5. E. GONOStyLUS. F. S 8. g. S 7. H. S 6. I. S 5.	en	Eardley, Connal (2018): Taxonomic revision of the sub-Saharan Anthidiellum Cockerell (Apoidea: Megachilidae: Anthidiini). Zootaxa 4402 (2): 201-250, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4402.2.1
03EA879FB91AFFBEFF69F9A39CD0FBAD.taxon	description	Dianthidium otavicum COcKERELL, 1936 B: 452 – 453, MALE HOLOtyPE (NHML, EXAMINED) OtAVI, NAMIBIA. Anthidiellum (Pycnanthidiellum) otavicum (COcKERELL): MIcHENER AND GRISWOLD 1994: 301.	en	Eardley, Connal (2018): Taxonomic revision of the sub-Saharan Anthidiellum Cockerell (Apoidea: Megachilidae: Anthidiini). Zootaxa 4402 (2): 201-250, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4402.2.1
03EA879FB91AFFBEFF69F9A39CD0FBAD.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. This species, within the confines of its species-group that is characterized by a rounded upper epistomal suture (Fig. 1 a), has few unique features. Most reliable, the vertical surface of the propodeum is only shiny mediolongitudinally. It is reticulate in A. absonulum and punctate in A. zebra and A. spilognathum, its most similar congeners. The interantennal socket area and supraclypeus are black, as in A. spilognathum, which differs in that the propodeum is largely punctate, and A. polyochrum, in which the propodeum is completely glabrous and shiny. The male S 3 is devoid of a median spine, unlike A. zebra and A. spilognathum. S 4 has a uniquely bifid posteromedian tubercle with the posterior extremities acutely pointed, and the posterior comb on S 5 has shorter setae laterally than medially.	en	Eardley, Connal (2018): Taxonomic revision of the sub-Saharan Anthidiellum Cockerell (Apoidea: Megachilidae: Anthidiini). Zootaxa 4402 (2): 201-250, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4402.2.1
03EA879FB91AFFBEFF69F9A39CD0FBAD.taxon	description	Description. Female. Integument black with variable, often very limited golden to blackish yellow maculation on lower face (entire length of mediolongitudinal interantennal socket area and supraclypeus black, mediolongitudinal clypeus sometimes black), outer, distal ends of all tibiae, lateral T 1 – T 3, T 3 – T 5 lateral to crossbands, T 6 black or yellow; distal margins T 1 – T 5 black or translucent orange, metasomal venter blackish. Scopa very pale yellow (Fig. 21 a – c). Lengths: face 1.9 – 2.2 mm; scutum 1.5 – 1.6 mm; forewing 4.0 – 4.4 mm; body 4.7 – 4.9 mm. Structure. Head. Epistomal suture convex above epistomal pit (Fig. 1 a); lower epistomal suture projection adjacent to opposite inner antennal socket edge (Fig. 1 a); preoccipital area rounded; omaulus carinate; fore and middle femora with sparse, plumose vestiture posteriorly; hind basitarsus wide (length 1.5 x width); propodeum coarsely striate dorsolaterally, vertical surface punctate dorsally, mostly glabrous and shiny ventrally; distal margins T 1 – T 5 impunctate. Male. Integument black with variable, often very limited golden-yellow maculation - always on lower face (mediolongitudinal interantennal socket area black, supraclypeus yellow), outer hind basitarsus; sometimes posterolateral vertex, mandible, pronotal lobe, lateral scutum, axilla, posterolateral scutellum, ventrally fore and middle femora, dorsal tibiae (anteromedian middle and hind tibiae sometimes black); sometimes metasoma lateral T 1 – T 3; always T 4 – T 7 (extent of yellow increases towards posterior end of metasomal); distal terga margins impunctate, T 1 – T 4 black or blackish, T 5 – T 6 translucent orange, metasomal venter yellowish (Fig. 22 a – c); S 5 – S 8 and gonocoxa as illustrated (Fig. 19 e – i). Lengths: head 1.8 mm; scutum 1.5 mm; forewing 4.1 mm; body 4.0 mm. Structure. Head. Preoccipital region rounded on gena; omaulus carinate; forebasitarsus without posterior fringe; propodeum coarsely striate dorsolaterally, vertical surface punctate dorsally, mostly shiny; T 6 – T 7 unmodified posteromedially, T 7 distal edge truncate in dorsal view, truncate to slightly pointed in ventral view; S 2 – S 3 without distinct raised posteromedian region, nor a posteromedian spine; S 3 posterior fringe on two-thirds posterior edge, longer hairs medially; S 4 with narrow bifid spine posteromedially; S 5 concave mediolongitudinally, entire posterior edge with comb of short black setae (not longer laterally), distinctly interrupted medially (Fig. 22 d, i); S 6 – S 8 and gonocoxa as illustrated (Fig. 22 d – h).	en	Eardley, Connal (2018): Taxonomic revision of the sub-Saharan Anthidiellum Cockerell (Apoidea: Megachilidae: Anthidiini). Zootaxa 4402 (2): 201-250, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4402.2.1
03EA879FB91AFFBEFF69F9A39CD0FBAD.taxon	distribution	Distribution (Fig. 23). Anthidiellum otavicum is widespread in Africa south of the Equator.	en	Eardley, Connal (2018): Taxonomic revision of the sub-Saharan Anthidiellum Cockerell (Apoidea: Megachilidae: Anthidiini). Zootaxa 4402 (2): 201-250, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4402.2.1
03EA879FB91AFFBEFF69F9A39CD0FBAD.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Type material. Male holotype of Dianthidium otavicum: ‘ S. W. AFRICA: Otavi. 27. xii. 1933. j. Ogilvie. B. M. 1934 – 142., Dianthidium otavicum ♂. Ckll TYPE, Type, B. M. TYPE HYM. 17 a. 1931., BMNH € # 971059 ’, NHML. Additional material. Equitorian Guinea. Uelleburg, S. G. Tessmann (1 ♀ ZMHB, labelled as female holotype of Anthidium orichalciscopatum but not a type according to publication). Kenya. Malindi, 22 km S, 26. v. 1967, C. D. Michener (2 ♀ 5 ♂ KU). Tanzania. Uamgebiet, Bosam, 21 – 31. iii. 1914, S. Tessmann (1 ♂ ZMHB). Zambia. Livingstone, 30 km W, 19 – 22. xii. 2002, J. Halada (1 ♂ SC). Mozambique. Manje, 15 km SSE, 15.29 S 33.16 E, 2 – 4. xii. 2005, Kadlecova (2 ♂ SC). Namibia. Salambala Forest, Katima Mulilo district, 17.50 S 24.38 E, 23 – 29. xii. 2002, A. H. & M. K. Kirk-Spriggs (8 ♀ 8 ♂ SMWN); Salambala camp site, Katima Mulilo district, 17.50 S 24.36 E, 28 – 29. xii. 2002, A. H. & M. K. Kirk-Spriggs (8 ♀ SMWN); Xawasha Pan, 2 km W, Tsumkwe district, 19.09 S 20.52 E, 26 – 27. xii. 1998, A. H. & M. K. Kirk-Sprigg, E. Marais (1 ♀ SMWN). Zimbabwe. Bulawayo, 15. ii. 1921, R. H. R. Stevenson (1 ♀ SANC), Bulawayo, 26. xii. 1912, G. Arnold (1 ♂ TMSA). South Africa. SE Ndumo, 24. i. 2003, M. Snizek (1 ♂ SC); Mogol Nature Reserve, Ellisras district, 23.58 S 27.45 E, 25 – 26. i. 1982, C. D. Eardley (1 ♀ SANC).	en	Eardley, Connal (2018): Taxonomic revision of the sub-Saharan Anthidiellum Cockerell (Apoidea: Megachilidae: Anthidiini). Zootaxa 4402 (2): 201-250, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4402.2.1
03EA879FB91EFFBFFF69FBB49C54FF33.taxon	description	Anthidiellum polyochrum MAVROMOUStAKIS, 1937 B: 266 – 267, FEMALE HOLOtyPE (SAMC, EXAMINED) KAROSS, NEAR FRANZFONtEIN, KAOKOVELD, NAMIBIA. Anthidiellum (Pygnanthidiellum) polyochrum MAVROMOUStAKIS: MIcHENER AND GRISWOLD 1994: 301.	en	Eardley, Connal (2018): Taxonomic revision of the sub-Saharan Anthidiellum Cockerell (Apoidea: Megachilidae: Anthidiini). Zootaxa 4402 (2): 201-250, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4402.2.1
03EA879FB91EFFBFFF69FBB49C54FF33.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. This small distinct species can be identified by the unique, completely glabrous and shiny vertical surface of the propodeum. In all other Afrotropical Anthidiellum, the propodeum has either some integument sculpture or punctuation. The outer surface of the hind tibia is black circumscribed by yellow. This coloration also occurs in A. absonulum. In all other species, it is black, yellow or yellow circumscribed by orange.	en	Eardley, Connal (2018): Taxonomic revision of the sub-Saharan Anthidiellum Cockerell (Apoidea: Megachilidae: Anthidiini). Zootaxa 4402 (2): 201-250, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4402.2.1
03EA879FB91EFFBFFF69FBB49C54FF33.taxon	description	Description. Female. Integument black with limited pale yellow maculation on ventral clypeus, lower paraocular area, lateral supraclypeus and interantennal socket area; lateral vertex, pronotal lobe, lateral scutum, posterolateral scutellum, outer, proximal surfaces of tibiae, outer surface of hind basitarsus (circumscribed by black); lateral T 1 – T 2, mediolateral T 3 – T 5, most T 6 (lateral and anterior black); distal margins of T 1 – T 5 black; metasomal venter blackish; scopa very pale yellow (Fig. 24 a – c). Lengths: face 1.7 mm; scutum 1.3 mm; forewing 3.8 mm; body 4.2 mm. Structure. Head. Epistomal suture convex above (Fig. 1 a); lower epistomal suture projection adjacent to opposite inner antennal socket edge (Fig. 1 a); preoccipital area rounded; omaulus carinate; hind basitarsus more or less parallel sided, narrow (length 2 x width) (Fig. 24 c); propodeum coarsely striate dorsolaterally, vertical surface with small punctate area dorsomedially, remainder glabrous and shiny; distal margins of T 1 – T 5 impunctate. Male. Unknown.	en	Eardley, Connal (2018): Taxonomic revision of the sub-Saharan Anthidiellum Cockerell (Apoidea: Megachilidae: Anthidiini). Zootaxa 4402 (2): 201-250, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4402.2.1
03EA879FB91EFFBFFF69FBB49C54FF33.taxon	distribution	Distribution (Fig. 25). Anthidiellum polyochrum is endemic to Namibia.	en	Eardley, Connal (2018): Taxonomic revision of the sub-Saharan Anthidiellum Cockerell (Apoidea: Megachilidae: Anthidiini). Zootaxa 4402 (2): 201-250, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4402.2.1
03EA879FB91EFFBFFF69FBB49C54FF33.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Type material. Female holotype of Anthidiellum polyochrum: ‘ Kaross S. W. A. Mus. Exped. ii. 1925, South African Museum Cape Town No. 43, Type, Anthidiellum polyochrum ♀ my. G. Mavromoustakis det., Anthidiellum polyochrum Mavros J. Pasteels det. 1963, SAM – HYM B 004322 ’, SAMC. Additional material. Namibia. Erongo Mountains, Omaruru, 3. iii. 2001, D. Baldock (1 ♀ SANC).	en	Eardley, Connal (2018): Taxonomic revision of the sub-Saharan Anthidiellum Cockerell (Apoidea: Megachilidae: Anthidiini). Zootaxa 4402 (2): 201-250, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4402.2.1
03EA879FB920FF85FF69F99C9C26F807.taxon	description	Anthidiellum (Pygnanthidiellum) sternale PAStEELS, 1984: 96, 104, 155, MALE HOLOtyPE (SANC, EXAMINED) CRyStAL WAtER, BREEDSNEK, SOUtH AFRIcA.	en	Eardley, Connal (2018): Taxonomic revision of the sub-Saharan Anthidiellum Cockerell (Apoidea: Megachilidae: Anthidiini). Zootaxa 4402 (2): 201-250, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4402.2.1
03EA879FB920FF85FF69F99C9C26F807.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Within the species-group, identified by the upper female clypeal edge being more or less horizontal (Fig. 1 b), the only unique female feature is the yellow hind basitasus. In A. apicatum and A. bipectinatum, this structure is at least partly black. Males in this species-group can be identified by unique combinations of characters in the structures of S 4 and S 5. In A. sternale, S 4 is concave and tuberculate, and S 5 has a short lateral comb.	en	Eardley, Connal (2018): Taxonomic revision of the sub-Saharan Anthidiellum Cockerell (Apoidea: Megachilidae: Anthidiini). Zootaxa 4402 (2): 201-250, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4402.2.1
03EA879FB920FF85FF69F99C9C26F807.taxon	description	Description. Female. Integument black, variable pale yellow maculation on lower face (clypeus dorsal margin, mediolongitudinal interantennal socket area, supraclypeus black sometimes ventral clypeus margin black), posterior vertex, always dorsal mesepimeron, ventral fore and middle tibiae, outer surfaces of all tibiae and basitarsi (hind basitarsus circumference blackish), lateral T 1 – T 3, most of T 4 – T 5, entire T 6; T 4 – T 5 distal margins black or translucent orange (Fig. 26 a – c), metasomal venter orangish. Scopa white to very pale yellow. Lengths: face 2.0 – 2.2 mm; scutum 1.5 – 1.8 mm; forewing 4.4 – 4.9 mm; body 5.2 – 5.9 mm. Structure. Head. Epistomal suture flattish above (Fig. 1 b); lower epistomal suture projection between antennal sockets (Fig. 1 b); preoccipital region rounded; omaulus carinate; fore and middle femora with sparse, plumose vestiture posteriorly; hind basitarsus wide (length 1.5 x width), propodeum coarsely striate dorsolaterally, vertical surface punctate dorsally, shiny ventrally; T 4 – T 5 distal margins impunctate. FIGURE 27. Anthidiellum sternale, MALE. A. FAcE. B. HABItUS. c. T 6 – T 7. D. S 5. E. GONOStyLUS. F. S 8. g. & 7. H. S 6. I. S 5. Male. Integument black with limited, variable pale yellow maculation on lower face (mediolongitudinal interantennal socket area black), vertex, upper gena, mandible, pronotal lobe, dorsal mesepimeron; ventral fore and middle femora, outer tibiae and tarsi, lateral T 1 – T 3, most of T 4 – T 5, entire T 6 – T 7; distal margins of T 1 – T 2 black, T 3 – T 6 translucent orange (Fig. 27 a – c), metasomal venter blackish-yellow (Fig. 27 d). Lengths: head 2.0 – 2.1 mm; scutum 1.5 – 1.6 mm; forewing 4.7 – 5.0 mm; body 4.7 – 5.3 mm. Structure. Head. Preoccipital region rounded on gena; omaulus carinate; forebasitarsus with long posterior fringe; propodeum coarsely striate dorsolaterally, vertical surface punctate dorsally, shiny ventrally; distal margins of T 1 – T 6 impunctate; T 6 – T 7 dorsal surfaces swollen mediolongitudinally (Fig. 27 c); T 7 distal edge pointed in dorsal view, obtusely pointed in ventral view (Fig. 27 d); S 2 – S 3 unmodified; S 4 middle distal edge narrow, shallow concavity, black tubercles mediolaterally (Fig. 27 d); S 5 broadly concave, comb lateral about 5 short, thick, black setae (Fig. 27 d, i); S 6 – S 8 and gonocoxa as illustrated (Fig. 27 d – i).	en	Eardley, Connal (2018): Taxonomic revision of the sub-Saharan Anthidiellum Cockerell (Apoidea: Megachilidae: Anthidiini). Zootaxa 4402 (2): 201-250, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4402.2.1
03EA879FB920FF85FF69F99C9C26F807.taxon	distribution	Distribution (Fig. 28). Anthidiellum sternale is endemic to northern South Africa and eastern Botswana.	en	Eardley, Connal (2018): Taxonomic revision of the sub-Saharan Anthidiellum Cockerell (Apoidea: Megachilidae: Anthidiini). Zootaxa 4402 (2): 201-250, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4402.2.1
03EA879FB920FF85FF69F99C9C26F807.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Type material. Male paratype of Anthidiellum sternale: ‘ Crystal Water Breedsnek Tvl. 4. xi. 1962 H. N. Empey, Anthidiellum (Pygnanthidiellum) sternale n. sp. J. Pasteels det., 1967, Paratype, SANC Pretoria Database HYMA 19081, PARATYPE Anthidiellum (Pygnanthidiellum) sternale PARATYPE, BBSLID 6494 ’. Additional material. Botswana. Serowe, Farmers Brigade, 5 km SE, 2226 BD, 17. ii. 1984, 1988, P. Forchhammer (3 ♀ SANC). South Africa. Skukuza, 24.59 S 31.35 E, 20. xii. 2010, 21. xi – 3. xii. 2011, C. Eardley (6 ♀ 6 ♂ SANC). SANC; ‘ South Africa Tvl. Nylsvley Nature Reserve 24.39 S 28.42 E, 10 – 11. xii. 1979, C. G. Moolman, Allotype, Anthidiellum (Pygnanthiellum) sternale n. sp. J. Pasteels det., 1983 ’, SANC. FIGURE 30. Anthidiellum bipectinatum, MALE. A. FAcE. B. HABItUS. c. T 6 – T 7. D. S 5. E. GONOStyLUS. F. S 8. g. S 7. H. S 6. I. S 5.	en	Eardley, Connal (2018): Taxonomic revision of the sub-Saharan Anthidiellum Cockerell (Apoidea: Megachilidae: Anthidiini). Zootaxa 4402 (2): 201-250, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4402.2.1
03EA879FB926FF87FF69FF509877FB23.taxon	description	Anthidiellum (Pygnanthidiellum) bipectinatum PAStEELS, 1984: 97, 105 – 106, MALE HOLOtyPE (AMNH, EXAMINED) NEAR GOLLEL, SOUtH AFRIcA. Anthidiellum (Pygnanthidiellum) bipectinatum PAStEELS: MIcHENER AND GRISWOLD 1994: 301.	en	Eardley, Connal (2018): Taxonomic revision of the sub-Saharan Anthidiellum Cockerell (Apoidea: Megachilidae: Anthidiini). Zootaxa 4402 (2): 201-250, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4402.2.1
03EA879FB926FF87FF69FF509877FB23.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Among the species-group identified by the upper female clypeus edge being more or less horizontal (Fig. 1 b), the female of A. bipectinatum has a completely yellow supraclypeus. In A. sternale and A. apicatum, they are at least partly black. The male T 7 is broadly and obtusely convex, in dorsal view (devoid of a mediologitunal keel, which occurs in A. sternale and A. apicatum). The S 5 lateral comb is uniquely wide (about 20 setae) and comprises long setae.	en	Eardley, Connal (2018): Taxonomic revision of the sub-Saharan Anthidiellum Cockerell (Apoidea: Megachilidae: Anthidiini). Zootaxa 4402 (2): 201-250, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4402.2.1
03EA879FB926FF87FF69FF509877FB23.taxon	description	Description. Female. Integument black with variable pale yellow maculation on lower face (mediolongitudinal interantennal socket area black), fleck on posterior vertex, posterolateral scutellum, dorsoproximal fore and middle tibiae, outer surface hind tibia (mesoanterior region blackish or orangish), outer hind basiatasus (circumference orangish), lateral T 1 – T 3, lateral and dorsolateral T 4 – T 5, entire T 6; T 4 – T 5 distal margins black or translucent orange (Fig. 29 a – c), metasomal venter orangish. Scopa very pale yellow. Lengths: face 2.3 – 2.6 mm; scutum 1.8 – 2.2 mm; forewing 5.2 – 5.6 mm; body 6.1 – 6.6 mm. Structure. Head. Epistomal suture flattish above (Fig. 1 b); lower epistomal suture projection mesad to between antennal sockets (Fig. 1 b); preoccipital area round; omaulus carinate; fore and middle femora with sparse, simple vestiture posteriorly; hind basitarsus wide (length 1.5 x width); propodeum coarsely striate dorsolaterally, vertical surface punctate above, shiny below; distal margins of T 4 – T 5 impunctate. Male. Integument black with variable pale yellow maculation on lower face (mediolongitudinal interantennal socket area black), mandible, pronotal lobe, proximal and distal ends of outer surfaces of tibiae, outer hind basitarsus, lateral T 1 – T 3, most T 4, entire T 6 – T 7; distal margins of T 1 – T 2 black and on T 3 – T 6 translucent orange (Fig. 30 a – c), metasomal venter blackish (Fig. 30 d). Lengths: head 2.5 – 2.8 mm; scutum 1.8 – 2.0 mm; forewing 5.6 – 6.7 mm; body 5.7 – 6.7 mm. Structure. Head. Preoccipital region rounded on gena; omaulus carinate; forebasitarsus fringe with long posterior fringe; propodeum coarsely striate dorsolaterally, vertical surface punctate above, shiny below; T 1 – T 5 distal margins impunctate; T 6 – T 7 dorsal surfaces unmodified; T 7 distal edge broadly convex (dorsal and ventral views) (Fig. 30 c); S 2 – S 4 unmodified; S 5 broadly concave, lateral comb of about 20 long, thick, black setae (Fig. 30 d, i); S 6 – S 8 and gonocoxa as illustrated (Fig. 30 d – h).	en	Eardley, Connal (2018): Taxonomic revision of the sub-Saharan Anthidiellum Cockerell (Apoidea: Megachilidae: Anthidiini). Zootaxa 4402 (2): 201-250, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4402.2.1
03EA879FB926FF87FF69FF509877FB23.taxon	distribution	Distribution (Fig. 31). Anthidiellum bipectinatum is wide spread in southern Africa.	en	Eardley, Connal (2018): Taxonomic revision of the sub-Saharan Anthidiellum Cockerell (Apoidea: Megachilidae: Anthidiini). Zootaxa 4402 (2): 201-250, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4402.2.1
03EA879FB926FF87FF69FF509877FB23.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Type material. Male holotype of Anthidiellum (Pygnanthidium) bipectinatum: ‘ SOUTH AFRICA Transvaal Prov. 8 Mi S Gollel xii – 6 – 1966, J. G. Rozen D. J. Brothers Collectors, Anthidiellum (Pygnanthidium) bipectinatum n. sp. J. Pasteels det .. 1968, Type’, AMNH. Additional material. Tanzania. Dodoma, 70 km N, 05.40 S 35.48 E, 16. xii. 2006, J. Halada, M. Kadlecova (2 ♂ SC). Zambia. 30 km W Livingstone, 19 – 22. xii. 2002, J. Halada (1 ♀ SC). Mozambique. Manje, 15 km SSE, 15.29 S 33.16 E, 2 – 4. xii. 2006, M. Kadlecova (1 ♂ SC). Namibia. 40 km E Rundu, 21. i. 1993, M. Schwarz (1 ♀ SC); 60 km SW Otavi, 14. i. 1993, M. Schwarz (1 ♀ SC). South Africa. Mogol Nature Reserve, Ellisras district, 23.58 S 27.45 E, 25 – 26. i. 1982, C. D. Eardley (1 ♀ 1 ♂ SANC); Rustenburg Nature Reserve, 25.40 S 27.12 E, 8. xii. 1983, C. D Eardley (1 ♂ SANC).	en	Eardley, Connal (2018): Taxonomic revision of the sub-Saharan Anthidiellum Cockerell (Apoidea: Megachilidae: Anthidiini). Zootaxa 4402 (2): 201-250, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4402.2.1
03EA879FB927FF8BFF69FB219CDAFEC3.taxon	description	Anthidium apicatum SMItH, 1879: 84, FEMALE HOLOtyPE (NHML, NOt EXAMINED) NAtAL, SOUtH AFRIcA. Anthidium (Pachyanthidium) apicatum SMItH: FRIESE 1905: 66. Pygnanthidiellum (Pygnanthidiellum) [!] apicatum (SMItH): MAVROMOUStAKIS 1963: 492. Anthidiellum (Pycnanthidiellum) apicatum (SMItH): PAStEELS 1984: 98, 165. Dianthidium spilotum COcKERELL, 1920: 299, FEMALE HOLOtyPE (NHML, NOt EXAMINED) KARKLOOF, SOUtH AFRIcA. syn. nov. Anthidiellum (Pyganthidiellum) spilotum (COcKERELL): MIcHENER AND GRISWOLD 1994: 301. Dianthidium melanocephalum COcKERELL, 1920: 298 – 299, 300, FEMALE LEctOtyPE, tWO FEMALE PARALEctOtyPES (SAMC, EXAMINED, NHML EXAMINED) BLUFF, DURBAN, SOUtH AFRIcA; PAStEELS 1984: 98. syn. nov. Anthidium kimberleyana FRIESE, 1922: 30 – 31, FEMALE HOLOtyPE (ZMHB, EXAMINED) KIMBERLEy, SOUtH AFRIcA. Anthidiellum (Pygnanthidiellum) kimberleyana (FRIESE): PAStEELS 1969: 46 – 47; PAStEELS 1984: 106, SyN. Anthidium capuzinum FRIESE, 1925: 510 – 511, MALE AND FEMALE SyNtyPES (ZMHB, EXAMINED) LOVEDALE, ZIMBABWE; PAStEELS 1984: 106, SyN. The synonymy of spilotum and apicatum is a consequence of Pasteels’ (1984) synonymy of the former with capuzinum, the latter with melanocephalum, and my examination of the name bearing types of capuzinum and melanocephalum. Further, the type series of melanocephalum comprises two distinct species, A. apicatum and A. zebra. Therefore, a lectotype has been designated.	en	Eardley, Connal (2018): Taxonomic revision of the sub-Saharan Anthidiellum Cockerell (Apoidea: Megachilidae: Anthidiini). Zootaxa 4402 (2): 201-250, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4402.2.1
03EA879FB927FF8BFF69FB219CDAFEC3.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Within this species-group, in which the upper female clypeus edge is about horizontal (Fig. 1 b), A. apicatum has a uniquely mostly, or entirely black clypeus. The male T 7 is acutely pointed posteromedially (Fig. 33 c), as in A. sternale. It is truncate in A. bipectinatum. The S 5 lateral comb is moderately wide, yet only contains about 5 setae (Fig. 33 i). It is wider in A. bipectinatum (with many setae) and narrower in A. sternale (with about five setae).	en	Eardley, Connal (2018): Taxonomic revision of the sub-Saharan Anthidiellum Cockerell (Apoidea: Megachilidae: Anthidiini). Zootaxa 4402 (2): 201-250, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4402.2.1
03EA879FB927FF8BFF69FB219CDAFEC3.taxon	description	Description. Female. Integument mostly black, very limited, variable pale yellow maculation sometimes on lower paraocular area, ventrolateral clypeus, legs, lateral T 1 – T 3, dorsolatertal T 4 – T 5, center of T 6. Scopa pale yellow (Fig. 32 a – c). Lengths: face 2.1 – 2.3 mm; scutum 1.5 – 1.8 mm; forewing 4.7 – 4.9 mm; body 5.2 – 5.4 mm. Structure. Head. Epistomal suture flattish above (Fig. 1 b); lower epistomal suture projection between antennal sockets (Fig. 1 b); preoccipital area rounded; omaulus carinate; fore and middle femora with sparse, simple vestiture posteriorly; hind basitarsus narrow (length 2 x width); propodeum anterior and vertical surfaces not discretely separated, punctate dorsolaterally, glabrous and shiny mediolongitudinally and ventrally. Male. Integument mostly black, limited, variable pale yellow maculation on lower face (mediolongitudinal interantennal socket area, epstomal suture and subantennal suture black), mandible, vertex, pronotal lobe, lateral scutum, posterolateral scutellum, ventral forefemur, dorsal foretibia and forebasitarsus, distal middle femur, dorsal middle tibia and basitarsus, dorsal hind tibia (black mesoanteriorly) and basitarsus, lateral T 1 – T 4, most of T 4 – T 7; distal margins T 1 – T 2 black and T 3 – T 6 translucent orange; metasomal venter blackish. Lengths: head 2.1 mm; scutum 1.6 mm; forewing 4.7 mm; body 4.8 mm. Structure. Head. Preoccipital area rounded on gena; omaulus carinate; forebasitarsus with long posterior fringe; propodeum anterior and vertical surfaces weakly separated, punctate dorsolaterally, glabrous and shiny, and shiny mediolongitudinally and ventrally; distal margins of T 1 – T 6 narrowly impunctate; T 6 dorsal surface swollen medioposteriorly (Fig. 33 c); T 7 dorsal surfaces with mediolongitudinal keel, distal edge acutely pointed, dorsal and ventral views (Fig. 33 c); S 2 unmodified, S 3 slight mediolongitudinal keel, S 4 broadly concave posterior edge (Fig. 33 d); S 5 broadly concave, lateral comb with about 5 long, thick, black setae (Fig. 33 d, i); S 6 – S 8 and gonocoxa as illustrated (Fig. 30 d – h). FIGURE 33. Anthidiellum apicatum, MALE. A. FAcE. B. HABItUS. c. T 6 – T 7. D. S 5. E. GONOStyLUS. F. S 8. g. S 7. H. S 6. I. S 5.	en	Eardley, Connal (2018): Taxonomic revision of the sub-Saharan Anthidiellum Cockerell (Apoidea: Megachilidae: Anthidiini). Zootaxa 4402 (2): 201-250, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4402.2.1
03EA879FB927FF8BFF69FB219CDAFEC3.taxon	distribution	Distribution (Fig. 34). Anthidiellum apicatum is wide-spread through Africa south of the Equator.	en	Eardley, Connal (2018): Taxonomic revision of the sub-Saharan Anthidiellum Cockerell (Apoidea: Megachilidae: Anthidiini). Zootaxa 4402 (2): 201-250, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4402.2.1
03EA879FB927FF8BFF69FB219CDAFEC3.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Type material. Female lectotype of Dianthidium melanocephalum: ‘ Bluff Durban 134. i. 17 C. N. Barker Ac. No. 2000, Dianthidium melanocephalum Ckll. Cotype, Cockerell determ., Dianthidium melanocephalum Ckll J. Pasteels det., 1963 ’, SAMC — B 004313. Female holotype of Anthidium kimberleyana: ‘ Kimberley B. O. Power Jan 1913, Anthidium kimberleyana Fr. ♀ 1915 Friese det., Type Holo Type, Anthidium kimberleyana Fr. J. Pasteels det., 1963 ’, ZMHB. Male syntype of Anthidium capuzinum: ‘ Tsumeb S. W. Protect., Anthidium capuzinum Fr. M ♂ 1920 Friese det., Type, Holo Type, Anthidium capuzinum Fr. J. Pasteels det., 1963, NOT TYPE R. Urban 2005 ’, ZMHB. Additional material. Congo. Brazzaville, Gomanagoma, 04.02.488 S 12.12.997 E, 12 – 16. x. 2007, Darwin Project (2 ♀ RBINS). Mozambique. Manje, 15 km SSE, 15.29 S 33.16 E, 2 – 4. xii. 2005, M. Kadlecova (1 ♂ SC). Zimbabwe. Cashel, 29 – 30. xii. 1947, (2 ♀ SAMC). South Africa. Happy Rest, 22.55 S 29.44 E, 8. i. 2004, C. D. Eardley (4 ♀ 1 ♂ SANC); Mogol Nature Reserve, Ellisras district, 23.58 S 27.45 E, 25 – 26. i. 1982, C. D. Eardley (1 ♂ SANC); Woodbush, xii. 1914, C. J. Swierstra (1 ♀ TMSA); Kosi Bay, 26.58 S 32.48 E, 10 – 11. ii. 1990, C. D. Eardley (1 ♀ SANC); Bluff, Durban, 28. i. 1917, C. N. Barker, Anthidium melanocephalum Ckll (1 ♀ 1 ♂ SANC); Durban, 6. xi. 1908, 10. i. 1910, G. Leigh (1 ♂ TMSA); Rooikrans dam, 30 km WN King William’s Town, 12. xii. 2002, J. Halada (1 ♂ SC); Resolution, Albany district, 21. i. 1928, A. Walton (1 ♀ TMSA); Crystal Warters, Breedtsnek, 4. ii. 1962, H. Empey (1 ♀ 1 ♂ SANC); Fanies Isalnd, Camp, St. Lucia, 28.10 S 32.25 E, 14 – 16. i. 1981, C. D. Eardley (1 ♀ SANC).	en	Eardley, Connal (2018): Taxonomic revision of the sub-Saharan Anthidiellum Cockerell (Apoidea: Megachilidae: Anthidiini). Zootaxa 4402 (2): 201-250, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4402.2.1
03EA879FB92BFF8BFF69FE539B79FBD5.taxon	description	This new species is named for the type locality.	en	Eardley, Connal (2018): Taxonomic revision of the sub-Saharan Anthidiellum Cockerell (Apoidea: Megachilidae: Anthidiini). Zootaxa 4402 (2): 201-250, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4402.2.1
03EA879FB92BFF8BFF69FE539B79FBD5.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. The female’s unique, mostly yellow vertex and genae separate this species from all the other Afrotropical Anthidiini in which these structures are largely black. (Fig. 35 a – c). The male is unknown.	en	Eardley, Connal (2018): Taxonomic revision of the sub-Saharan Anthidiellum Cockerell (Apoidea: Megachilidae: Anthidiini). Zootaxa 4402 (2): 201-250, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4402.2.1
03EA879FB92BFF8BFF69FE539B79FBD5.taxon	description	Description. Female. Integument of head and mesosoma black with pale yellow maculation on lower face (up to a little above antennal sockets), posterior vertex, most gena, mandible, anterodistal antennal scape, broad lateral scutum margin, axilla, posterior scutellum, mesepisternum below pronotal lobe, most mesepimeron, all legs, T 1 – T 3 anterolaterally (blackish mesally, posterior margin orange), T 4 – T 5 cross-bands (broad posterior margin orange), T 6 (Fig. 35 a – c). Scopa white (Fig. 35 c). Lengths: face 4.2 mm; scutum 1.5 mm; forewing 4.0 mm; body 5.4 mm. Structure. Head. Epistomal suture flattish dorsolaterally (Fig. 1 b); lower epistomal suture projection adjacent to opposite inner antennal socket edge (Fig. 1 b); preoccipital region rounded; scutum gently and evenly convex, punctate laterally; omaulus strongly carinate; fore and middle femora with squamose vestiture posteriorly; hind basitarsus wide (length 1.5 x width); propodeum striate dorsolaterally, vertical surface mostly reticulate sculpture. Male. Unknown.	en	Eardley, Connal (2018): Taxonomic revision of the sub-Saharan Anthidiellum Cockerell (Apoidea: Megachilidae: Anthidiini). Zootaxa 4402 (2): 201-250, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4402.2.1
03EA879FB92BFF8BFF69FE539B79FBD5.taxon	distribution	Distribution (Fig. 36). Anthidiellum somaliense is only known from one female specimen collected in Somalia.	en	Eardley, Connal (2018): Taxonomic revision of the sub-Saharan Anthidiellum Cockerell (Apoidea: Megachilidae: Anthidiini). Zootaxa 4402 (2): 201-250, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4402.2.1
03EA879FB92BFF8BFF69FE539B79FBD5.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Type material. ‘ Somalia Afgoi Lower Shabelli Valley 6 – 20. III. 2977 Mal. Trap, F. Bin, collection RMNH Leiden, ’ RMNH.	en	Eardley, Connal (2018): Taxonomic revision of the sub-Saharan Anthidiellum Cockerell (Apoidea: Megachilidae: Anthidiini). Zootaxa 4402 (2): 201-250, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4402.2.1
03EA879FB92BFF8FFF69FB369CCAF841.taxon	description	Anthidiellum (Pycnanthidium) tegwaniense (Cockerell) Dianthidium tegwaniense COcKERELL, 1914: 278, FEMALE HOLOtyPE (NHML, NOt EXAMINED) TEgWANI, ZIMBABWE (NOt SOUtH AFRIcA). Anthidiellum (Pycnanthidium) tegwaniense (COcKERELL): MIcHENER AND GRISWOLD 1994: 301. Anthidiellum swalei MAVROMOUStAKIS, 1936 B: 603 – 605, FEMALE HOLOtyPE (NHML, NOt EXAMINED) LONELy MINE, ZIMBABWE; PAStEELS 1984: 107 – 108, SyN. Anthidiellum (Pycnanthidium) bulawayense Mavromoustakis Anthidiellum bulawayense MAVROMOUStAKIS, 1937 A: 231 – 232, MALE HOLOtyPE (UNKNOWN, NOt EXAMINED) BULAWAyO, ZIMBABWE. Anthidiellum (Pycnanthidium) bulawayense MAVROMOUStAKIS: MIcHENER AND GRISWOLD 1994: 301. Anthidiellum (Pycnanthidium) nigripes (Friese) Anthidium nigripes FRIESE, 1904: 105, FEMALE HOLOtyPE (ZMHB, NOt EXAMINED) DELAgOA BAy, MOZAMBIqUE; PAStEELS 1984: 98. Anthidiellum nigripes VAR. rhodesinum MAVROMOUStAKIS, 1937 A: 231, FEMALE HOLOtyPE (TMSA, NOt EXAMINED) SAWMILLS, ZIMBABWE. Anthidiellum nigripes VAR. rhodesianum [!] MAVROMOUStAKIS: ANONyMOUS 1958: 33; PAStEELS 1984: 98. Anthidiellum (Pycnanthidium) orichalciscopatum (Strand). Anthidium orichalciscopatum StRAND, 1912: 307 – 308, FEMALE HOLOtyPE (ZMHB, EXAMINED) EqUAtORIAL GUINEA; StRAND 1927 A: 411. Anthidiellum orichalciscopatum (StRAND): MAVROMOUStAKIS 1936 A: 44. Anthidiellum (Pygnanthidiellum) orichalciscopatum (StRAND): PAStEELS 1984: 99. Anthidiellum (Pycnanthidium) orichalciscopatum (StRAND): MIcHENER AND GRISWOLD 1994: 301. The holotype of this species resembles A. otavicum most closely, but an identification from a single female is unreliable and therefore the status of this species is left in abeyance.	en	Eardley, Connal (2018): Taxonomic revision of the sub-Saharan Anthidiellum Cockerell (Apoidea: Megachilidae: Anthidiini). Zootaxa 4402 (2): 201-250, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4402.2.1
03EA879FB92BFF8FFF69FB369CCAF841.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Type material. Female holotype of Anthidium orichalciscopatum: ‘ Span. Guinea Uelleburg Benitogbt 1 – 14.11.07 G. Tessmann S. G., Anthidium orichalciscopatum m. ♀ Strand det., Type’, ZMHB (the strikethrough is verbatim as on the label). Anthidiellum frontorecticulatum nomen nudum	en	Eardley, Connal (2018): Taxonomic revision of the sub-Saharan Anthidiellum Cockerell (Apoidea: Megachilidae: Anthidiini). Zootaxa 4402 (2): 201-250, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4402.2.1
03EA879FB92BFF8FFF69FB369CCAF841.taxon	description	Anthidiellum frontorecticulatum nomen nudum: ROUBIK 1989: 410. There is a specimen from Kenya in MRAC that is labelled as the allotype of A. frontorecticulatum. In colour, it resembles A. bipectinatum. ...... continued on the next page ...... continued on the next page	en	Eardley, Connal (2018): Taxonomic revision of the sub-Saharan Anthidiellum Cockerell (Apoidea: Megachilidae: Anthidiini). Zootaxa 4402 (2): 201-250, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4402.2.1
