identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
03EA87A2F6489D39FF61849415AC1230.text	03EA87A2F6489D39FF61849415AC1230.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Hymenolepis Cassini 1817	<div><p>Updated key to the species (adapted from Magoswana &amp; Magee 2014)</p><p>1. Involucral bracts glabrous ..................................................................................................................................................................2</p><p>1. Involucral bracts sericeous .................................................................................................................................................................5</p><p>2. Synflorescence a congested corymb with peduncles obscured; leaves ≤ 20 mm long ...................................................... H. dentata</p><p>2. Synflorescence an open, doubly compound corymb with visible peduncles; leaves ≥ 30 mm long .................................................3</p><p>3. Leaves linear and undivided; restricted to the Eastern Cape .............................................................................................. H. indivisa</p><p>3. Leaves variously 2- or 3-sect to pinnatisect, sometimes entire towards synflorescence; restricted to Northern and Western Cape ... ............................................................................................................................................................................................................4</p><p>4. Leaves spreading, pinnatisect with 5 to 9 lobes; branches and young leaves sparsely covered in short white hairs .......................... .................................................................................................................................................................................... H. crithmifolia</p><p>4. Leaves erect or suberect, mostly 2- or 3-sect, sometimes entire towards synflorescence; all parts glabrous...................... H. glabra</p><p>5. Leaves pinnatisect ..............................................................................................................................................................................6</p><p>5. Leaves entire to apically dentate ........................................................................................................................................................7</p><p>6. Leaves densely felted, greyish-white to brownish gold,&gt; 30 mm long, strongly pinnatisect, mostly 7- to 14-lobed......................... ........................................................................................................................................................................................... H. speciosa</p><p>6. Leaves glabrous, green, &lt;20 mm long, weakly pinnatisect, usually 5-lobed....................................................................... H. incisa</p><p>7. Leaves obovate-spatulate, ≥ 3 mm wide, apically 3- to 9-dentate; mature leaves densely hairy abaxially and greyish-white ........... ........................................................................................................................................................................................... H. cynopus</p><p>7. Leaves linear to elliptic, ≤ 3 mm wide, entire or some leaves apically 3- toothed; mature leaves glabrous to glabrescent and green at maturity...........................................................................................................................................................................................8</p><p>8. Pappus absent; cypsela ribs tuberculate; synflorescence a compound corymb, 20–40 mm diam.; shrublet to 0.6 m, branched from near base ................................................................................................................................................................................. H. calva</p><p>8. Pappus present; cypsela ribs smooth; synflorescence a simple corymb, 4–20 mm diam.; lanky single stemmed shrub to 2 m, branched in upper half ................................................................................................................................................... H. gnidioides</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EA87A2F6489D39FF61849415AC1230	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Magoswana, Simon L.;Schutte-Vlok, Anne Lise;Vlok, Jan;Magee, Anthony R.	Magoswana, Simon L., Schutte-Vlok, Anne Lise, Vlok, Jan, Magee, Anthony R. (2015): Hymenolepis glabra (Anthemideae, Asteraceae), a new species from the Little Karoo (South Africa). Phytotaxa 230 (2): 189-192, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.230.2.6, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.230.2.6
03EA87A2F6499D3BFF6185ED144F1177.text	03EA87A2F6499D3BFF6185ED144F1177.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Hymenolepis glabra Magoswana & Magee 2015	<div><p>Hymenolepis glabra Magoswana &amp; Magee, sp. nov.</p><p>Type:— SOUTH AFRICA, Western Cape Province, Montagu (3320): Farm Koktyls, ca. 14 km E of Barrydale (–DD), 4 October 2014, Vlok &amp; Schutte-Vlok 712 (holotype NBG! , isotype K!).</p><p>Erect, much branched shrub to 2 m, single-stemmed at ground level, not sprouting after fire; woody rootstock lacking; branches densely leafy above, glabrous. Leaves alternate, erect to sub-erect, ± equally sized and spaced towards synflorescence, linear to obovate in outline, 10–60 × 1–25 mm, 2- or 3-sect, sometimes entire towards synflorescence, lobes linear, 4–45 × 1–2 mm, terete, acute, margins revolute, coriaceous, glabrous, green. Capitula homogamous, aggregated into open, doubly compound corymbs, peduncles clearly visible, synflorescence 30–80 mm across, bracts lanceolate to linear, 1–6 mm long. Involucre narrowly urceolate, 3–5 mm long; involucre 2- or 3-seriate; involucral bracts 8 or 9, unequal, ovate to lanceolate, 1.0–2.5 × 0.5–1.5 mm, without scarious margins, brownish-gold, glabrous. Receptacle flat, paleate. Florets bisexual, 4 to 6; corolla 2–4 mm long, yellow, sessile-glandular, funnel-shaped, 5- lobed, lobes triangular, spreading; anthers ecaudate and obtuse at base, apical appendages ovate, obtuse; style terete with thickened base, branches truncate, papillate apically. Pappus of basally united, lanceolate scales, 0.5–1.0 mm long. Cypselas oblanceolate to elliptic, 1–2 × 0.4–0.5 mm, 10-ribbed, ribs glabrous, with secretory cavities; nonmyxogenic.</p><p>Diagnostic characters: — Hymenolepis glabra shares the glabrous involucre and open doubly compound corymbs (Fig. 1C) with H. crithmifolia (Linnaeus 1771: 424) Greuter et al. (2005: 155) and H. indivisa (Harvey 1865: 190) Källersjö (1985: 534) and the three are evidently closely related. It can be readily distinguished from both by the 2- or 3-sect leaves sometimes entire towards the synflorescence (Fig. 1A). The leaves are uniformly entire in H. indivisa and pinnatisect in H. crithmifolia . Hymenolepis glabra and H. indivisa differ further from the widespread H. crithmifolia by their glabrous stems and foliage and by the erect to suberect leaves with thicker, more terete ultimate leaf segments (Fig. 1D). The branches and young leaves in H. crithmifolia are covered with short white hairs, and the leaves are spreading with usually somewhat dorsiventrally flattened ultimate leaf segments.</p><p>Distribution and Ecology: — Hymenolepis glabra is currently known from only two localities around Barrydale and Ladismith in the Little Karoo (Fig. 2). At the type locality, the species occurs in small populations of 10 to 20 individuals on quartzitic soils along the southern foothills of the Warmwaterberg, where it is associated with the Warmwaterberg Arid Restioid Fynbos vegetation unit (Vlok et al. 2005), with Rhodocoma arida Linder &amp; Vlok (1991: 158) ( Restionaceae) locally abundant to dominant in places and Proteaceae and Ericaceae are rare or absent.</p><p>Conservation notes:— No signs of browsing were detected on the species, despite the fact that it is exposed to several game species on the property. We propose a status of Rare due to the limited number of individuals known and the fact that no immediate threats were noted.</p><p>Additional specimen examined: — SOUTH AFRICA. Western Cape Province: 3321 (Ladismith): Poort 6 km east of Ladismith on road to Calitzdorp (–CB), 26 October 1975, Taylor 8976 (NBG) .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EA87A2F6499D3BFF6185ED144F1177	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Magoswana, Simon L.;Schutte-Vlok, Anne Lise;Vlok, Jan;Magee, Anthony R.	Magoswana, Simon L., Schutte-Vlok, Anne Lise, Vlok, Jan, Magee, Anthony R. (2015): Hymenolepis glabra (Anthemideae, Asteraceae), a new species from the Little Karoo (South Africa). Phytotaxa 230 (2): 189-192, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.230.2.6, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.230.2.6
