taxonID	type	description	language	source
03EA87DBF84CC30CFC92FAB0FA091315.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis: Isoctenus are distinguished from other Cteninae genera by the presence of a cymbial ventral and dorsal retrobasal projection, shape of the cupshaped median apophysis with retrolateral margin well developed, median apophysis with anterior and	en	Polotow, Daniele, Brescovit, Antonio D. (2009): Revision and cladistic analysis of Isoctenus and description of a new neotropical genus (Araneae, Ctenidae, Cteninae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 155 (3): 583-614, DOI: 10.1111/j.1096-3642.2008.00452.x, URL: https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article-lookup/doi/10.1111/j.1096-3642.2008.00452.x
03EA87DBF843C301FCA7F93AFD461682.taxon	materials_examined	Type material: Male holotype from Matinha EAN, Areia, Paraíba, Brazil, 12. iv. 1997, A. D. Brescovit, deposited in IBSP 59771. Paratypes: 1 female from Mata do Guarim, Areia, Paraíba, Brazil, 12. iv. 1997, A. D. Brescovit, deposited in IBSP 59772; 2 males from Mata do Guarim, Areia, Paraíba, Brazil, 12. iv. 1997, A. D. Brescovit, deposited in IBSP 10272. Additional material examined: BRAZIL. Paraíba: Areia, Matinha EAN, 3 males (IBSP 10292); João Pessoa, UFPB, Campus II, 1 male (IBSP 40996). Etymology: The species epithet is a toponymy in apposition and it is a Portuguese noun meaning ‘ sand’. Diagnosis: Isoctenus areia sp. nov. resembles I. janeirus by the morphology of the RTA in the male palp, but can be distinguished by the cymbium with retrolateral ventral projection well developed and elongated retrolateral dorsal projection and with truncated tip and slender median apophysis in the male palp (Fig. 6 A, B) and by the cordiform median field with anterior margin slightly excavated and lateral spurs elongated in the epigynum (Fig. 6 C). Description: Male (IBSP 59771). Coloration as in I. foliifer. Total length 7.50. Carapace 4.30 long and 3.30 wide. Clypeus 0.10 high. Eye diameters: AME 0.18, ALE 0,16, PME 0,20, PLE 0.20. Leg measurements: I: femur 4.50 / patella 1.90 / tibia 4.90 / metatarsus 4.20 / tarsus 2.00 / total 17.50; II: 4.00 / 1.80 / 4.00 / 3.60 / 1.60 / 15.00; III: 3.50 / 1.60 / 3.30 / 3.60 / 1.50 / 13.50; IV: 4.70 / 1.70 / 4.80 / 5.70 / 2.00 / 18.90. Leg spination as in I. foliifer, except tibia I p 1 - 1 - 0. Coxa IV with ventral apophysis (Polotow et al., 2005, fig. 5). Palp: tibia short, approximately half cymbium length; RTA with ventral branch short and dorsal branch truncated with several internal folds and short tip; tibia with rounded ventral apophysis and retrolateral distal process excavated (Fig. 6 A, B). Robust embolus, with bifid tip and basal retrolateral projection elongated; prolateral basal projection of embolus elongated; median apophysis with anterior projection elongated and posterior projection laminar (Fig. 6 A). Female (IBSP 59772). Coloration as in I. foliifer. Total length 8.50. Carapace 3.90 long and 2.80 wide. Clypeus 0.14 high. Eye diameters: AME 0.14, ALE 0.12, PME 0.22, PLE 0.18. Legs measurements: I: femur 3.20 / patella 1.70 / tibia 3.20 / metatarsus 2.40 / tarsus 1.10 / total 11.60; II: 2.90 / 1.50 / 2.70 / 2.10 / 1.00 / 10.20; III: 2.60 / 1.20 / 2.20 / 2.30 / 1.00 / 9.30; IV: 3.50 / 1.40 / 3.50 / 3.50 / 1.40 / 13.30. Leg spination as in I. foliifer, except metatarsus IV p 1 - 1 - 1 - 1. Epigynum: median field with posterior margin slightly projected; lateral spurs partially covered by the median field and with narrow tip (Fig. 6 C). Spermathecae with large base and small rounded head; ventral wall with a fold behind the spermathecae (Fig. 6 D). Variation: Six males: total length 6.40 – 8.50, carapace 3.60 – 4.60, femur I 3.70 – 4.70. Distribution: North-eastern Brazil, State of Paraíba. ISOCTENUS COXALIS (PICKARD- CAMBRIDGE, 1902) (FIGS 3 A – D, 18 A, 19 F, 20 D)	en	Polotow, Daniele, Brescovit, Antonio D. (2009): Revision and cladistic analysis of Isoctenus and description of a new neotropical genus (Araneae, Ctenidae, Cteninae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 155 (3): 583-614, DOI: 10.1111/j.1096-3642.2008.00452.x, URL: https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article-lookup/doi/10.1111/j.1096-3642.2008.00452.x
03EA87DBF843C301FCA7F93AFD461682.taxon	materials_examined	Additional material examined: BRAZIL. Mato Grosso: 1 female (IBSP 421). Goiás: São Mateus, Gruta Matilde, 1 male, 2 females (IBSP 2709, 5166). Distrito Federal: Brasília, 1 female (IBSP 4667); Bahia: Ituaçu, Gruta Mangabeira, 1 female (IBSP). Minas Gerais: Uberlândia, 1 female (MCN 17709); Barão dos Cocais, 2 females (IBSP 2506); Munhoz, 2 females (IBSP 33246, 33248). São Paulo: Pirajú, Usina Hidrelétrica de Pirajú, 1 female (IBSP 37425); Águas de Santa Bárbara, 1 female (IBSP 7753); Aguaí, 1 female (IBSP 7626); Capivari, 1 male (IBSP 44311); Indaiatuba, 1 male (IBSP 37854); Caçapava, 1 female (IBSP 35004); Guaratinguetá, 2 females (IBSP 2667); Porto Feliz, 1 male (IBSP 4700); Valinhos, 1 female (IBSP 8595); Sorocaba, 1 female (IBSP 8348); Santos, 1 male (IBSP 2486); Tatuí, 2 males, 1 female (IBSP 7625); Vargem Grande Paulista, 1 male (IBSP 19935); São Roque, 1 female (IBSP 20446); Mogi das Cruzes, 1 male (IBSP 8251); Salesópolis, Estação Ecológica de Boracéia, 1 female (IBSP 7442); Ubatuba, 1 female (IBSP 4673). Paraná: Telêmaco Borba, 1 female (IBSP 6575); Curitiba, 1 male (IBSP 8527); Tijucas do Sul, Lagoa, 1 male (IBSP 39062). Rio Grande do Sul: São Jerônimo, 1 female (MCN 9798); Guaíba / Sertão Santana, 1 female (MCN 28939); Porto Alegre, 2 males (MCN 446); Viamão, Médio Arroio Pesqueiro, 30 ° 09 ′ S 50 ° 57 ′ W, 1 female (MCN 33183). Diagnosis: Isoctenus coxalis resembles I. corymbus by the morphology of the median apophysis and embolus (Fig. 19 F) in the male palp, but can be distinguished by the short tibiae, ventral branch of RTA elongated, with narrow tip and posterior projection of the median apophysis laminar in the male palp (Polotow et al., 2005, figs 1, 2). Females are recognized by the lateral spurs short and robust with pointed tip and the smooth spermathecae in the epigynum (Polotow et al., 2005, figs 3, 4). Description: Male and female are described in Polotow et al. (2005: 38, figs 1 – 5). Distribution: Central-western, south-eastern and south of Brazil, States of Mato Grosso, Goiás, Distrito Federal, Bahia, Minas Gerais, Espírito Santo, Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo, Paraná and Rio Grande do Sul.	en	Polotow, Daniele, Brescovit, Antonio D. (2009): Revision and cladistic analysis of Isoctenus and description of a new neotropical genus (Araneae, Ctenidae, Cteninae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 155 (3): 583-614, DOI: 10.1111/j.1096-3642.2008.00452.x, URL: https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article-lookup/doi/10.1111/j.1096-3642.2008.00452.x
03EA87DBF841C31FFF70FCF8FB0C1315.taxon	materials_examined	Additional material examined: None. Diagnosis: Isoctenus corymbus resembles I. coxalis by the morphology of the median apophysis and embolus in the male palp, but can be distinguished by the elongated tibia, ventral branch of RTA short, dorsal branch of RTA with truncated tip in male palp (Polotow et al., 2005, figs 6, 7) and by the elongated lateral spurs, spermathecae with a small head and base with a median groove in the epigynum (Polotow et al., 2005, figs 8, 9). Description: Male and female are described in Polotow et al. (2005: 38, figs 6 – 9). Distribution: Central-western Brazil, State of Goiás. ISOCTENUS GRISEOLUS (MELLO- LEITÃO, 1936) COMB. NOV. (Fig. 7 A – D)	en	Polotow, Daniele, Brescovit, Antonio D. (2009): Revision and cladistic analysis of Isoctenus and description of a new neotropical genus (Araneae, Ctenidae, Cteninae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 155 (3): 583-614, DOI: 10.1111/j.1096-3642.2008.00452.x, URL: https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article-lookup/doi/10.1111/j.1096-3642.2008.00452.x
03EA87DBF841C31FFF70FCF8FB0C1315.taxon	materials_examined	Additional material examined: BRAZIL. Rio de Janeiro: Petrópolis, 1 female (MNRJ 161); Rio de Janeiro, Jacarepaguá, Represa da Covanca, 1 female (MNRJ 13433); Araruama, Lagoa de Jutunaíba, 1 male (MNRJ). Diagnoses: Isoctenus griseolus comb. nov. resembles I. corymbus by the morphology of the median apophysis in the male palp, but can be distinguished by the additional small projection in the ventral branch of RTA, dorsal branch of RTA with round tip in male palp (Fig. 7 A, B) and by the median field posteriorly projected and the smooth spermathecae (Fig. 7 C, D) in the epigynum. Description: Male (MNRJ, Araruama, Rio de Janeiro). Coloration as in I. foliifer. Total length 13.80. Carapace 7.80 long and 6.30 wide. Clypeus 0.30 high. Eye diameters: AME 0.26, ALE 0.22, PME 0.34, PLE 0.30. Leg measurements: I: femur 7.40 / patella 3.30 / tibia 8.10 / metatarsus 7.70 / tarsus 3.20 / total 29.70; II: 7.10 / 2.90 / 6.50 / 6.50 / 2.80 / 25.80; III: 6.20 / 2.50 / 5.10 / 6.50 / 2.30 / 22.60; IV: 8.10 / 2.90 / 7.50 / 10.50 / 3.00 / 32.00. Leg spination as in I. foliifer. Coxa IV with ventral apophysis (Polotow et al., 2005, fig. 5). Palp: tibia short, approximately half cymbium length; RTA with a ventral branch short and dorsal branch elongated with internal grooves; tibia with robust ventral apophysis (Fig. 7 A, B). Cymbium with short and laminar ventral retrolateral projection; embolus short and robust with bifid tip and basal projection short and curved; robust median apophysis, with anterior projection short and rounded and posterior projection short and conical (Fig. 7 A, B). Female (MNRJ 161). Coloration as in I. foliifer. Total length 13.00. Carapace 6.20 long and 5.40 wide. Clypeus 0.25 high. Eye diameters: AME 0.28, ALE 0.28, PME 0.35, PLE 0.30. Leg measurements: I: femur 6.90 / patella 3.50 / tibia 6.50 / metatarsus 5.10 / tarsus 2.00 / total 24.00; II: 6.60 / 3.20 / 5.50 / 4.70 / 1.90 / 21.90; III: 5.10 / 2.70 / 4.10 / 4.60 / 1.90 / 18.40; IV: 7.40 / 3.00 / 6.40 / 8.00 / 1.90 / 26.70. Leg spination as in I. foliifer. Epigynum: median field rounded, with anterior margin excavated; lateral spurs short, partially covered by the median field and with rounded tip (Fig. 7 C). Spermathecae with rounded head and large base; ventral wall with a fold behind the spermathecae (Fig. 7 D). Variation: Two females: total 13.00 – 16.80, carapace 6.20 – 7.30, femur I 6.50 – 6.90. Distribution: South-eastern Brazil, State of Rio de Janeiro. ISOCTENUS TAPERAE (MELLO- LEITÃO, 1936) COMB. NOV. (FIG. 8 A, B)	en	Polotow, Daniele, Brescovit, Antonio D. (2009): Revision and cladistic analysis of Isoctenus and description of a new neotropical genus (Araneae, Ctenidae, Cteninae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 155 (3): 583-614, DOI: 10.1111/j.1096-3642.2008.00452.x, URL: https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article-lookup/doi/10.1111/j.1096-3642.2008.00452.x
03EA87DBF841C31FFF70FCF8FB0C1315.taxon	materials_examined	Additional material examined: BRAZIL. Minas Gerais: Ouro Preto, 1 male (MNRJ 2906). Diagnosis: Isoctenus taperae comb. nov. resembles I. ordinario sp. nov. by the morphology of the embolus and median apophysis in male palp (Fig. 8 A), but can be distinguished by the short tibiae and the dorsal branch of RTA elongated with narrow tip in male palp (Fig. 8 A, B). Description: Male (MNRJ 2906). Coloration as in I. foliifer. Total length 13.70. Carapace 7.20 long and 5.60 wide. Clypeus 0.43 high. Eye diameters: AME 0.28, ALE 0.28, PME 0.42, PLE 0.26. Leg measurements: I: femur 8.00 / patella 3.80 / tibia 7.80 / metatarsus 7.80 / tarsus 3.70 / total 31.10; II: 7.10 / 3.20 / 6.80 / 6.80 / 3.00 / 26.90; III: 6.10 / 2.80 / 5.10 / 6.40 / 2.40 / 22.80; IV: 8.50 / 3.00 / 7.80 / 10.20 / 3.30 / 32.80. Leg spination as in I. foliifer. Coxa IV with ventral apophysis (Polotow et al., 2005, fig. 5). Palp: tibia approximately two-thirds cymbium length; RTA with ventral branch truncated and dorsal branch with internal grooves; tibia with slender and elongated ventral apophysis (Fig. 8 A, B). Cymbium with ventral retrolateral projection reduced and dorsal retrolateral projection rounded; short and laminar embolus, with bifid tip and short basal projection; robust median apophysis, with anterior projection elongated and posterior projection conical (Fig. 8 A, B). Female: Unknown. Distribution: North-eastern and south-eastern Brazil, States of Pernambuco and Minas Gerais. ISOCTENUS ORDINARIO SP. NOV. (FIGS 9 A – D, 19 H, I)	en	Polotow, Daniele, Brescovit, Antonio D. (2009): Revision and cladistic analysis of Isoctenus and description of a new neotropical genus (Araneae, Ctenidae, Cteninae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 155 (3): 583-614, DOI: 10.1111/j.1096-3642.2008.00452.x, URL: https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article-lookup/doi/10.1111/j.1096-3642.2008.00452.x
03EA87DBF841C31FFF70FCF8FB0C1315.taxon	materials_examined	Type material: Male holotype and female paratype from Usina Hidrelétrica de Segredo, reservatório do Rio Jordão, Candói / Mangueirinha, Paraná, Brazil, 24. iv – 4. v. 1996, R. Bertani, deposited in IBSP 48358. Paratypes: 1 male from Jundiaí, São Paulo, Brazil, 26. iv. 2001, V. Merge, deposited in IBSP 27909; 1 female from Taboão da Serra, São Paulo, Brazil, 5. x. 1997, F. Leirão, deposited in IBSP 14482; 1 male from São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil, 9. ix. 2003, A. Tranduta, deposited in IBSP 41295; 1 female from Piracaia, São Paulo, Brazil, 16. ix. 1996, S. C. Castro Filho, deposited in IBSP 8507. Etymology: The species epithet is a Portuguese noun meaning ‘ ordinary’. Additional material examined: BRAZIL. Minas Gerais: Guaxupé, 1 female (IBSP 6421); Itapeva, 1 male (IBSP 11937). Rio de Janeiro: São Pedro da Aldeia, 1 female (MNRJ 136). São Paulo: Botucatu, 1 female (UBTU); Vargem Grande Paulista, 1 male (IBSP 6405); Piratininga, 1 male, 1 female (IBSP 34993); Pinhalzinho, 1 male (IBSP 6144); Piraju, Usina Hidrelétrica de Piraju, 1 male (IBSP 36291); Itatiba, 1 male (IBSP 27304); Bragança Paulista, 1 female (IBSP 8535); Tremembé, 2 males (IBSP 2645); Piracaia, 1 male (IBSP 39873); Itu, 1 male (IBSP 6450); Itapevi, 1 male (IBSP 6147); Jundiaí, 1 female (IBSP 5835); São Roque, 4 males, 2 females (IBSP 4739); São Paulo, 3 male (IBSP 976; 27754; 39843); Araçariguama, 1 female (IBSP 29559); Cajamar, 1 male (IBSP 50889); Mairinque, 1 male (IBSP 8588); Mairiporã, 1 female (IBSP 6103); Biritiba Mirim, 1 male (IBSP 6087); Itapecerica da Serra, 1 male (IBSP 8344); Nazaré Paulista, 1 male, 3 females (IBSP 8511); Ibiúna, 1 female (IBSP 43994); Tapiraí, 1 male (IBSP 20200). Paraná: Dois Vizinhos, Cruzeiro do Sul, 2 females (IBSP 21188, 21359); Candói / Mangueirinha, Usina Hidrelétrica de Segredo, reservatório do Rio Jordão, 7 males, 20 females (IBSP 7197 – 7199; 7208; 7211; 7219; 48358); Curitiba, Barigüi, 1 female (IBSP 1024). Rio Grande do Sul: Derrubadas, Parque Estadual do Turvo, 1 male, 2 females (MCN 38808; 38809); Esmeralda, 1 female (MCN 2899); Arroio do Tigre, 1 male (MCN 7843). ARGENTINA. San Javier: Arroyo Guerrero, 1 male (MCTP 1295). Diagnosis: Isoctenus ordinario sp. nov. resembles I. taperae comb. nov. by the morphology of the embolus and median apophysis in male palp (Fig. 9 A), but can be distinguished by the elongated tibiae and the dorsal branch of RTA elongated with rounded tip and internal grooves in male palp (Fig. 9 A, B) and by the median field with anterior margin deeply excavated in the epigynum (Fig. 9 C). Description: Male (IBSP 48358). Coloration as in I. foliifer. Total length 13.30. Carapace 7.20 long and 5.40 wide. Clypeus 0.32 high. Eye diameters: AME 0.38, ALE 0.26, PME 0.46, PLE 0.42. Leg measurements: I: femur 8.20 / patella 3.20 / tibia 8.90 / metatarsus 7.70 / tarsus 4.10 / total 32.10; II: 7.40 / 3.40 / 7.60 / 7.20 / 3.30 / 28.90; III: 6.50 / 2.80 / 6.50 / 6.90 / 3.00 / 25.70; IV: 8.60 / 3.10 / 8.30 / 10.60 / 3.70 / 34.30. Leg spination as in I. foliifer, except tibia I and II p 1 - 1 - 0. Palp: tibia approximately same length as cymbium; RTA with ventral branch truncated; tibia with short and curved ventral apophysis (Fig. 9 A, B). Cymbium with ventral retrolateral projection reduced and dorsal retrolateral projection rounded; short and laminar embolus, with bifid tip and short basal projection; robust median apophysis, with conical anterior and posterior projections (Figs 9 A, B, 19 H – I). Female (IBSP 48358). Coloration as in I. foliifer. Total length 13.30. Carapace 7.20 long and 5.40 wide. Clypeus 0.32 high. Eye diameters: AME 0.38, ALE 0.26, PME 0.46, PLE 0.42. Leg measurements: I: femur 8.20 / patella 3.20 / tibia 8.90 / metatarsus 7.70 / tarsus 4.10 / total 32.10; II: 7.40 / 3.40 / 7.60 / 7.20 / 3.30 / 28.90; III: 6.50 / 2.80 / 6.50 / 6.90 / 3.00 / 25.70; IV: 8.60 / 3.10 / 8.30 / 10.60 / 3.70 / 34.30. Leg spination as in I. foliifer, except tibia I and II p 1 - 1 - 0. Epigynum: rounded median field; lateral spurs short partially covered by the median field and with rounded tip (Fig. 9 C). Spermathecae smooth, with rounded head and large base; ventral wall with a fold behind the spermathecae (Fig. 9 D). Variation: Ten males: total length 10.50 – 14.10, carapace 5.50 – 7.90, femur I 5.80 – 8.30; ten females: total length 14.50 – 18.80, carapace 7.00 – 8.90, femur I 6.30 – 8.00. Distribution: South-eastern and southern Brazil, States of Minas Gerais, Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo, Paraná and Rio Grande do Sul, and north-eastern Argentina. ISOCTENUS EUPALAESTRUS MELLO- LEITÃO, 1936 (FIGS 10 A – D, 19 A)	en	Polotow, Daniele, Brescovit, Antonio D. (2009): Revision and cladistic analysis of Isoctenus and description of a new neotropical genus (Araneae, Ctenidae, Cteninae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 155 (3): 583-614, DOI: 10.1111/j.1096-3642.2008.00452.x, URL: https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article-lookup/doi/10.1111/j.1096-3642.2008.00452.x
03EA87DBF841C31FFF70FCF8FB0C1315.taxon	materials_examined	Additional material examined: BRAZIL. São Paulo: Botucatu, 1 female, 1 male (UBTU); Iporanga, Parque Estadual Turístico do Alto Ribeira, 10 males, 4 females (IBSP); Mairiporã, 1 male (IBSP 6073); Sorocaba, 1 male (IBSP 11014). Diagnosis: Isoctenus eupalaestrus resembles I. segredo sp. nov. by the embolus shape (Figs 10 A, 19 A) in male palp, but can be distinguished by the elongated dorsal branch of RTA, elongated dorsal projection of cymbium and robust median apophysis in male palp (Fig. 10 A, B) and by the large median field and lateral spurs slender and elongated in the epigynum (Fig. 10 C). Description: Male (holotype). Coloration as in I. foliifer, except by a lighter arrow mark in abdomen dorsum. Total length 7.40. Carapace 4.10 long and 3.10 wide. Clypeus 0.08 high. Eye diameters: AME 0.17, ALE 0.12, PME 0.20, PLE 0.22. Leg measurements: I: femur 2.05 / patella 1.25 / tibia 3.05 / metatarsus 2.55 / tarsus 1.30 / total 10.20; II: 2.45 / 1.50 / 3.05 / 2.05 / 0.90 / 9.95; III: 2.90 / 1.25 / 2.45 / 2.75 / 1.55 / 10.90; IV: 3.90 / 1.40 / 3.60 / 4.35 / 1.40 / 14.65. Leg spination as in I. foliifer, except tibia I and II r 0 - 1 - 1, metatarsus I r 0 - 1 - 0, p 1 - 1 - 0, II r 0 - 1 - 1, p 1 - 1 - 0. Palp: tibia short, approximately half cymbium length; RTA with ventral branch conical and dorsal branch slender and elongated with pointed tip and internal grooves; tibia with short and conical ventral apophysis (Fig. 10 A, B). Cymbium with ventral retrolateral projection reduced; short and laminar embolus with rounded tip and robust basal projection; median apophysis with elongated anterior and posterior projection (Fig. 10 A). Female (IBSP). Coloration as in male. Total length 9.60. Carapace 4.70 long and 3.90 wide. Clypeus 0.12 high. Eye diameters: AME 0.20, ALE 0.18, PME 0.32, PLE 0.26. Leg measurements: I: femur 4.20 / patella 2.10 / tibia 3.80 / metatarsus 2.90 / tarsus 1.40 / total 14.40; II: 3.90 / 2.00 / 3.30 / 2.90 / 1.40 / 13.50; III: 3.50 / 1.80 / 2.50 / 3.20 / 1.30 / 12.30; IV: 4.50 / 1.90 / 4.20 / 5.00 / 1.80 / 17.40. Leg spination as in I. foliifer, except metatarsus IV r 1 - 2 - 2, p 1 - 1 - 1 - 1. Epigynum: median field with anterior margin smooth, posterior margin slightly projected and lateral margins rounded; lateral spurs not covered by the median field and with projected tip (Fig. 10 C). Spermathecae with large head and rounded base; ventral wall with a fold covering part of the spermathecae (Fig. 10 D). Variation: Ten males: total length 7.20 – 9.00, carapace 4.10 – 4.80, femur I 3.90 – 4.50; five females: total length 9.50 – 11.00, carapace 4.00 – 4.80, femur I 3.30 – 4.50. Distribution: South-eastern and southern Brazil, States of São Paulo and Paraná.	en	Polotow, Daniele, Brescovit, Antonio D. (2009): Revision and cladistic analysis of Isoctenus and description of a new neotropical genus (Araneae, Ctenidae, Cteninae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 155 (3): 583-614, DOI: 10.1111/j.1096-3642.2008.00452.x, URL: https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article-lookup/doi/10.1111/j.1096-3642.2008.00452.x
03EA87DBF85EC31EFF1AFF09FAF71616.taxon	materials_examined	Type material: Male holotype from Usina Hidrelétrica de Segredo, Reservatório do Rio Jordão, Candói / Mangueirinha, Paraná, Brazil, 3. v. 1996, R. Bertani, deposited in IBSP 7227. Paratypes: 1 female from the same locality and collector as holotype, 24. iv – 4. v. 1996, deposited in IBSP 58386; 1 male and 1 female from the same locality and collector as holotype, 24. iv – 4. v. 1996, deposited in IBSP 58387. Additional material examined: BRAZIL. Paraná: Candói / Mangueirinha, Usina Hidrelétrica de Segredo, Reservatório do Rio Jordão, 2 male, 6 females (IBSP 7201 – 7203, 8034). Etymology: The species epithet is a toponymy in apposition and it is a Portuguese noun meaning ‘ secret’. Diagnosis: Isoctenus segredo sp. nov. resembles I. charada sp. nov. by the morphology of the RTA in male palp (Fig. 11 A, B), but can be distinguished by the short and slender median apophysis and the basal projection of embolus short in male palp (Fig. 11 A) and by the subquadrangular median field, large lateral spurs and spermathecae with a reduced head and large base in the epigynum (Fig. 11 C, D). Description: Male (holotype). Coloration as in I. foliifer, except carapace with longitudinal lighter stripe from the eyes to the posterior margin and a lighter arrow mark on abdomen dorsum. Total length 9.80. Carapace 5.40 long and 3.90 wide. Clypeus 0.12 high. Eyes diameters: AME 0.18, ALE 0.14, PME 0.26, PLE 0.24. Leg measurements: I: femur 4.00 / patella 2.10 / tibia 4.40 / metatarsus 3.70 / tarsus 1.90 / total 16.10; II: 4.00 / 1.80 / 3.80 / 3.20 / 1.50 / 14.30; III: 3.60 / 1.60 / 3.40 / 3.20 / 1.50 / 13.30; IV: 4.80 / 1.90 / 4.80 / 5.00 / 1.90 / 18.40. Leg spination as in I. foliifer, except metatarsus I and II r 1 - 1 p- 1 - 1. Palp: tibia short, approximately half of the cymbium length; RTA with ventral branch conical and dorsal branch short and robust with internal grooves; tibia with short and curved ventral apophysis (Fig. 11 A, B). Cymbium with conical ventral retrolateral projection and short dorsal retrolateral projection; short and laminar embolus with rounded tip; median apophysis with anterior and posterior projections short and conical (Fig. 11 A). Female (IBSP 58386). Coloration as in male. Total length 12.30. Carapace 5.00 long and 4.10 wide. Clypeus 0.20 high. Eye diameters: AME 0.18, ALE 0.20, PME 0.26, PLE 0.24. Leg measurements: I: femur 4.00 / patella 2.20 / tibia 3.80 / metatarsus 3.00 / tarsus 1.40 / total 14.40; II: 3.90 / 1.80 / 3.60 / 2.80 / 1.40 / 13.50; III: 3.50 / 1.40 / 2.80 / 3.00 / 1.30 / 12.00; IV: 4.70 / 1.90 / 4.50 / 5.10 / 1.80 / 18.00. Leg spination as in I. foliifer, except tibia II p 1 - 1. Epigynum: median field with anterior margin smooth and posterior margin slightly projected; lateral spurs not covered by the median field and with rounded tip (Fig. 11 C). Ventral wall with a fold covering part of the spermathecae (Fig. 11 D). Variation: Three males: total length 8.30 – 8.90, carapace 4.40 – 4.60, femur I 4.00 – 4.10; seven females: total length 9.80 – 13.50, carapace 4.70 – 5.40, femur I 3.80 – 4.20. Distribution: Southern Brazil, State of Paraná.	en	Polotow, Daniele, Brescovit, Antonio D. (2009): Revision and cladistic analysis of Isoctenus and description of a new neotropical genus (Araneae, Ctenidae, Cteninae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 155 (3): 583-614, DOI: 10.1111/j.1096-3642.2008.00452.x, URL: https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article-lookup/doi/10.1111/j.1096-3642.2008.00452.x
03EA87DBF85EC317FCA1FD6DFBEA12AE.taxon	materials_examined	Type material: Male holotype from Usina Hidrelétrica de Segredo, Reservatório do Rio Jordão, Candói / Mangueirinha, Paraná, Brazil, 24. iv – 4. v. 1996, R. Bertani, deposited in IBSP 52464; Paratypes: 1 male and 1 female with the same data as holotype, deposited in IBSP 52463. Additional material examined: None. Etymology: The species epithet is a Portuguese noun meaning ‘ charade’. Diagnosis: Isoctenus charada sp. nov. resembles I. segredo sp. nov. by the morphology of the RTA in male palp (Fig. 12 A, B), but can be distinguished by the robust median apophysis with elongated anterior projection and the basal projection of embolus large and curved in male palp (Fig. 12 A) and by the short and large median field, slender lateral spurs and spermathecae with a head and base large in the epigynum (Fig. 12 C, D). Description: Male (holotype). Coloration as in I. segredo. Total length 8.90. Carapace 4.80 long and 3.30 wide. Clypeus 0.20 high. Eye diameters: AME 0.16, ALE 0.20, PME 0.23, PLE 0.22. Leg measurements: I: femur 4.00 / patella 1.80 / tibia 3.80 / metatarsus 3.30 / tarsus 1.60 / total 14.50; II: 3.70 / 1.80 / 3.80 / 3.30 / 1.60 / 13.00; III: 3.30 / 1.70 / 2.70 / 3.10 / 1.30 / 12.10; IV: 4.50 / 1.70 / 3.80 / 4.20 / 1.70 / 15.90. Leg spination as in I. foliifer, except metatarsus I and II r 0 - 1 - 0, p- 1 - 1 - 0. Palp: tibia short, approximately half cymbium length; RTA with conical ventral branch and short and robust dorsal branch with internal grooves; tibia with elongated ventral apophysis (Fig. 12 A, B). Cymbium with conical ventral retrolateral projection and truncated dorsal retrolateral projection; short and laminar embolus with rounded tip; median apophysis with rounded posterior projection (Fig. 12 A). Female (IBSP 52463). Coloration as in I. segredo. Total length 9.50. Carapace 4.40 long and 3.30 wide. Clypeus 0.16 high. Eye diameters: AME 0.18, ALE 0.18, PME 0.24, PLE 0.21. Leg measurements: I: femur 3.20 / patella 1.60 / tibia 2.70 / metatarsus 2.30 / tarsus 1.00 / total 10.80; II: 3.00 / 1.60 / 2.40 / 2.30 / 1.00 / 10.30; III: 2.70 / 1.40 / 2.00 / 2.40 / 0.90 / 9.40; IV: 3.40 / 1.50 / 3.00 / 3.80 / 1.30 / 13.00. Leg spination as in I. foliifer, except metatarsus III p 1 - 1 - 1 - 1. Epigynum: median field with anterior margin slightly excavated and lateral margins rounded; lateral spurs not covered by the median field and with projected tip (Fig. 12 C). Ventral wall with a fold covering part of the spermathecae (Fig. 12 D). Variation: Two males: total length 8.50 – 8.90. Distribution: Southern Brazil, State of Paraná. ISOCTENUS HERTELI (MELLO- LEITÃO, 1947) COMB. NOV. (FIG. 13 A – D)	en	Polotow, Daniele, Brescovit, Antonio D. (2009): Revision and cladistic analysis of Isoctenus and description of a new neotropical genus (Araneae, Ctenidae, Cteninae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 155 (3): 583-614, DOI: 10.1111/j.1096-3642.2008.00452.x, URL: https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article-lookup/doi/10.1111/j.1096-3642.2008.00452.x
03EA87DBF85EC317FCA1FD6DFBEA12AE.taxon	materials_examined	Additional material examined: BRAZIL. Paraná: Curitiba, Barigüi, 2 males (MHCI 1003, 1017 – 1023); 1 male (IBSP); Piraquara (Volta Grande), 1 female (MHCI 2223); (Banhado), 1 female (IBSP); 1 male, 1 female (MNRJ 13421). Diagnosis: Isoctenus herteli comb. nov. resembles I. minusculus comb. nov. by the morphology of the embolus in male palp (Fig. 13 A), but can be distinguished by the short tibia, ventral branch of RTA truncate, dorsal branch of RTA short and robust, and robust and large median apophysis with elongated anterior projection in male palp (Fig. 13 A, B) and by the short and large median field and spermathecae with a robust head in the epigynum (Fig. 13 C, D). Description: Male (MHCI 2516). Coloration as in I. foliifer. Total length 8.80. Carapace 4.70 long and 3.70 wide. Clypeus 0.18 high. Eye diameters: AME 0.14, ALE 0.20, PME 0.24, PLE 0.21. Leg measurements: I: femur 4.60 / patella 2.00 / tibia 4.50 / metatarsus 4.10 / tarsus 1.90 / total 17.10; II: 4.20 / 1.90 / 3.60 / 3.60 / 1.60 / 14.90; III: 3.60 / 1.60 / 3.00 / 3.50 / 1.40 / 13.10; IV: 4.50 / 1.80 / 4.20 / 5.50 / 2.00 / 18.00. Leg spination as in I. foliifer, except tibia I and II p 1 - 1 - 0, metatarsus I and II r 1 - 1 - 0, p- 1 - 1 - 0. Palp: tibia approximately half cymbium length; tibia with large ventral apophysis (Fig. 13 A, B). Cymbium with short and rounded ventral and dorsal retrolateral projection (Fig. 13 B); short and laminar embolus with hooked tip and basal projection short and robust; median apophysis with rounded posterior projection (Fig. 13 A). Female (holotype). Coloration as in I. foliifer. Total length 12.80. Carapace 6.40 long and 4.90 wide. Clypeus 0.26 high. Eye diameters: AME 0.22, ALE 0.20, PME 0.40, PLE 0.30. Leg measurements: I: femur 5.10 / patella 2.50 / tibia 5.40 / metatarsus 3.90 / tarsus 1.60 / total 18.50; II: 4.80 / 2.50 / 4.40 / 3.70 / 1.60 / 17.00; III: 4.30 / 2.10 / 3.60 / 3.70 / 1.60 / 15.30; IV: 5.50 / 2.40 / 5.10 / 5.80 / 1.90 / 20.70. Leg spination as in I. foliifer. Epigynum: median field with anterior margin smooth; slender lateral spurs not covered by the median field and with slightly projected tip (Fig. 13 C). Spermathecae with large head and reduced base; ventral wall with a fold covering part of the spermathecae (Fig. 13 D). Variation: Four males: total length 8.50 – 9.50, carapace 4.50 – 5.00, femur I 4.20 – 4.70; two females: total length 9.00 – 12.70, carapace 4.50 – 5.70, femur I 4.00 – 4.60. Distribution: Southern Brazil, State of Paraná.	en	Polotow, Daniele, Brescovit, Antonio D. (2009): Revision and cladistic analysis of Isoctenus and description of a new neotropical genus (Araneae, Ctenidae, Cteninae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 155 (3): 583-614, DOI: 10.1111/j.1096-3642.2008.00452.x, URL: https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article-lookup/doi/10.1111/j.1096-3642.2008.00452.x
03EA87DBF85EC317FCA1FD6DFBEA12AE.taxon	materials_examined	Additional material examined: BRAZIL. Rio Grande do Sul: 1 male, 3 females (MNRJ 41666); Sobradinho, 1 female (MCN 3797); Farroupilha, 1 female (MCN 8303); São Francisco de Paula, 1 female (MCN 1669); Caxias do Sul, 1 female (MCN 1667); Canela, 1 female (MCN 12361); Triunfo, 1 female (MCN 7318); Porto Alegre, 1 female (MCN 14401); 1 female (MCTP 3908); (Reserva Biológica do Lami), 1 male, 1 female (MCTP 411); 1 male (MCN 4227), all collected by A. A. Lise; Guaíba, 1 female (MCTP 6072); 1 female (MCN 2289); Montenegro, 1 female (MCN 6072); Osório, 1 male (MCN 1900); Viamão, 1 female (MCTP 6215); (Médio Arroio Pesqueiro, 30 ° 09 ′ S 50 ° 57 ′ W), 1 male, 1 female (MCN 33184); (Passo do Vigário), 1 male (MCTP 3224); (Morro do Coco), 1 male (MCN 11283). Diagnosis: Isoctenus minusculus comb. nov. resembles I. herteli comb. nov. by the morphology of the embolus (Fig. 14 A) in male palp, but can be distinguished by the long and thin tibia, ventral branch of RTA short and laminar, dorsal branch of RTA short and thin with rounded tip and internal grooves and robust median apophysis in male palp (Fig. 14 A, B) and by the median field with a median area rounded and elevated, lateral spurs short and laminar and spermathecae smooth with a small head in the epigynum (Fig. 14 C, D). Description: Male (MCTP 3224). Coloration as in I. segredo. Total length 8.70. Carapace 4.60 long and 3.40 wide. Clypeus 0.18 high. Eye diameters: AME 0.16, ALE 0.16, PME 0.24, PLE 0.20. Leg measurements: I: femur 4.40 / patella 1.90 / tibia 4.10 / metatarsus 3.90 / tarsus 2.10 / total 16.40; II: 3.90 / 1.80 / 3.40 / 3.30 / 1.70 / 14.10; III: 3.60 / 1.60 / 3.00 / 3.30 / 1.50 / 13.00; IV: 4.70 / 1.80 / 4.30 / 5.20 / 2.00 / 18.00. Leg spination as in I. foliifer, except tibia II r 0 - 1 - 0, metatarsus I and II r 0 - 1 - 0, p 1 - 1 - 0. Palp: tibia short, approximately twothirds cymbium length with short and curved ventral apophysis (Fig. 14 A, B). Cymbium with reduced ventral retrolateral projection and short dorsal retrolateral projection (Fig. 14 B); embolus short and laminar with hooked tip and basal projection short and curved (Fig. 19 B); median apophysis with conical anterior and posterior projection (Fig. 14 A). Female (MCTP 6072). Coloration as in I. segredo. Total length 13.30. Carapace 6.80 long and 5.00 high. Clypeus 0.24 high. Eye diameters: AME 0.23, ALE 0.22, PME 0.30, PLE 0.30. Leg measurements: I: femur 5.20 / patella 2.70 / tibia 4.70 / metatarsus 4.00 / tarsus 1.80 / total 18.40; II: 4.80 / 2.60 / 4.00 / 3.60 / 1.80 / 16.80; III: 4.50 / 2.10 / 3.50 / 3.80 / 1.80 / 15.70; IV: 5.70 / 2.40 / 5.00 / 6.10 / 2.20 / 21.40. Leg spination as in I. foliifer, except tibia II p 0 - 1 - 0. Epigynum: oval median field, with anterior margin slightly excavated and posterior margin rounded; lateral spurs not covered by the median field and partially projected over the median field (Fig. 14 C). Spermathecae with a small head and large base; ventral wall with a slight fold behind the spermathecae (Fig. 14 D). Variation: Ten males: total length 7.40 – 8.50, carapace 4.20 – 4.50, femur I 4.00 – 4.30; ten females: total length 8.60 – 11.30, carapace 3.40 – 5.40, femur I 2.80 – 4.50. Distribution: Southern Brazil, State of Rio Grande do Sul. ISOCTENUS STRANDI MELLO- LEITÃO, 1936 (FIGS 15 A – D, 19 C)	en	Polotow, Daniele, Brescovit, Antonio D. (2009): Revision and cladistic analysis of Isoctenus and description of a new neotropical genus (Araneae, Ctenidae, Cteninae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 155 (3): 583-614, DOI: 10.1111/j.1096-3642.2008.00452.x, URL: https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article-lookup/doi/10.1111/j.1096-3642.2008.00452.x
03EA87DBF85EC317FCA1FD6DFBEA12AE.taxon	materials_examined	Additional material examined: BRAZIL. São Paulo: Cananéia, Ilha do Cardoso, 1 male, v. 2000, G. Machado (IBSP 38103). Paraná: Candói / Mangueirinha, Usina Hidrelétrica de Segredo, Reservatório do Rio Jordão, 4 males (IBSP 7225, 7228, 11018); Pinhão, 1 female (MCN 22216); Curitiba, 2 female (MHCI 1407, 2071); (Barigüi), 1 female (MHCI, 1960); (Instituto Florestal), 1 male, 1 female (MHCI 2921 – 2922); Morretes, Parque Estadual Pico do Marumbi, 2 males, 5 females (IBSP 7310, 7311, 7313 – 7315,7317, 7335); 1 male (MHCI 3533 – 3534); Matinhos, Caiobá, 2 female (MHCI 1963, 992); Tijucas do Sul, Lagoa, 6 males, 8 females (IBSP 39108, 39138, 39148, 39150, 39226, 39241, 39244); Telêmaco Borba, 3 females (IBSP 6567). Santa Catarina: Mafra, Avencal, 2 males, 2 females (MHCI 1843 – 1848). Diagnosis: Isoctenus strandi resembles I. malabaris by the morphology of tibia and presence of two small apical spines in male palp (Fig. 15 A, B) and morphology of the spermathecae in the epigynum (Fig. 15 D), but can be distinguished by the ventral and dorsal branches of RTA large and robust (Fig. 15 A, B), short embolus (Fig. 19 C) and slender median apophysis in male palp (Fig. 15 A) and by the subquadrangular median field in the epigynum (Fig. 15 C). Description: Male (MHCI 2921). Coloration as in I. foliifer, except a lighter arrow mark in abdomen dorsum. Total length 9.90. Carapace 5.40 long and 4.50 wide. Clypeus 0.22 high. Eye diameters: AME 0.19, ALE 0.18, PME 0.24, PLE 0.26. Leg measurements: I: femur 5.00 / patella 2.30 / tibia 5.10 / metatarsus 4.80 / tarsus 2.10 / total 19.30; II: 4.90 / 2.20 / 4.20 / 4.30 / 1.80 / 17.30; III: 4.30 / 1.90 / 3.50 / 4.40 / 1.70 / 15.80; IV: 5.50 / 2.10 / 5.00 / 6.60 / 2.20 / 21.40. Leg spination as in I. foliifer, except tibia II r 0 - 1 - 0; metatarsus I and II r 1 - 1 - 0, p 1 - 1 - 0. Palp: tibia short, approximately half cymbium length; short ventral apophysis (Fig. 15 A, B). Cymbium with conical ventral and dorsal retrolateral projection (Fig. 15 B). Embolus with hooked tip and basal projection short and curved; median apophysis with elongated anterior projection and robust posterior projection (Fig. 15 A). Female (holotype). Coloration as in I. foliifer. Total length 12.80. Carapace 6.60 long and 5.00 wide. Clypeus 0.18 high. Eye diameters: AME 0.24, ALE 0.16, PME 0.27, PLE 0.22. Leg measurements: I: femur 5.20 / patella 2.90 / tibia 5.50 / metatarsus 4.20 / tarsus 1.60 / total 19.40; II: 5.10 / 2.60 / 4.90 / 3.90 / 1.60 / 18.10; III: 4.50 / 2.10 / 3.70 / 4.20 / 1.50 / 16.00; IV: 6.00 / 2.40 / 5.20 / 5.10 / 1.70 / 20.40. Leg spination as in I. foliifer, except tibia II p 0 - 1 - 0. Epigynum: median field with anterior margin slightly excavated; lateral spurs robust not covered by the median field and with a rounded tip (Fig. 15 C). Spermathecae with large head and small and projected base; ventral wall slightly elevated (Fig. 15 D). Variation: Ten males: total length 7.20 – 9.50, carapace 4.00 – 5.10, femur I 3.30 – 4.50; ten females: total length 10.60 – 13.10, carapace 4.50 – 5.80, femur I 3.50 – 4.80. Distribution: South-eastern and southern Brazil, States of São Paulo, Paraná and Santa Catarina. ISOCTENUS MALABARIS POLOTOW ET AL., 2007 (FIG. 19 D)	en	Polotow, Daniele, Brescovit, Antonio D. (2009): Revision and cladistic analysis of Isoctenus and description of a new neotropical genus (Araneae, Ctenidae, Cteninae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 155 (3): 583-614, DOI: 10.1111/j.1096-3642.2008.00452.x, URL: https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article-lookup/doi/10.1111/j.1096-3642.2008.00452.x
03EA87DBF85EC317FCA1FD6DFBEA12AE.taxon	materials_examined	Additional material examined: None. Diagnosis: Isoctenus malabaris resembles I. strandi by the morphology of tibia and presence of two small apical spines in male palp (Polotow et al., 2007, figs 1, 2) and morphology of the spermathecae in the epigynum (Polotow et al., 2007, figs 3 – 5), but can be distinguished by conical ventral branch of RTA, slender dorsal branch of RTA, elongated embolus (Fig. 19 D) and robust median apophysis in male palp (Polotow et al., 2007, figs 1, 2) and by the oval median field projected posteriorly and short lateral spurs in the epigynum (Polotow et al., 2007, figs 3 – 5). Description: Male and female are described in Polotow et al. (2007, figs 1 – 5). Distribution: Southern Brazil, State of Rio Grande do Sul. GENUS PARABATINGA GEN. NOV. (FIGS 16, 17, 20 C) Type species: Parabatinga brevipes (Keyserling, 1891) comb. nov. Etymology: The species epithet is a Tupi noun ‘ paraba’ means spot and ‘ tinga’ means white, and refers to the white spots in ventral abdomen. Diagnosis: Parabatinga gen. nov. is distinguished from other Cteninae genera by the dorsal branch of RTA with hyaline tip (Fig. 17 A, B), embolus with distal hyaline projection (Fig. 16 C) and median apophysis with a prolateral laminar process (Fig. 16 D). Females of Parabatinga gen. nov. are distinguished by spermathecae oval and dorsally projected (Fig. 17 D). Description: Medium-sized ecribellate spiders. Total body length (males and females): 10.20 – 22.35. Carapace piriform. Thoracic groove longitudinal. Chilum divided. Eyes: ctenoid pattern 2 - 4 - 2, with the anterior and posterior row recurved in dorsal view. Clypeus with long, erect black bristles. Clypeus high proportional to AME diameter. Eyes round, except the anterior lateral oval. Chelicerae promargin of fang furrow with three teeth, the median almost twice as high as the laterals; retromargin with three similar sized teeth; intermarginal denticles present between pro- and retromarginal teeth. Endites three times labium length, with external lateral margin excavated, distally truncate. Subapical serrula. Labium short, as long as wide, with rounded tip bearing dense apical scopula. Sternum oval, not extending between legs IV. Leg formula 4123. Trochanters deeply notched. Ventral scopula on tarsi and metatarsi dense in females and light in males. Tibiae I and II with five pairs of ventral spines and metatarsi I and II with tree pairs of ventral spines. Smooth tarsal organ with rounded aperture and a distal fold (Fig. 16 A). Rounded trichobothria with four transverse grooves (Fig. 16 B). Tarsi with two pectinate claws and dense claw tufts. Female pedipalp claw pectinate with three elongated teeth (Fig. 20 C). Abdomen oval with numerous dorsal erect black bristles. Male palp: Tibia short, approximately half cymbium length; RTA divided in ventral branch short and conical and dorsal branch sinuous and elongated with rounded and hyaline tip; ventrobasal depression of cymbium to accommodate the ventral tibial apophysis short and curved (Fig. 17 A, B). Cymbium elongated, distally coniform and proximally subrectangular; ventrobasal depression of cymbium delimited retrolaterally by a voluminous and ventrobasally projected fold (Fig. 17 A, B); tegulum oval, with prolateral depression to accommodate the embolus and with a large hyaline area, at median apophysis and embolus base, divided by a short and large sclerotized area (Fig. 17 B); embolus short and large, with a basal prolateral projection that notches on to a depression on the subtegulum (locking lobes sensu Griswold, 1993) (Fig. 17 A); median apophysis robust, prolaterally excavated and retrolaterally convex (cup-shaped sensu Griswold, 1993) (Fig. 17 A); conductor laminar, short and hyaline, not involving the tip of embolus (Fig. 16 C); subtegulum well developed and prolaterally positioned, with approximately one-third tegulum area; median area of the subtegulum with a depression limited by a basal projection, to notch on to the basal prolateral projection of the embolus (Fig. 17 A). Epigynum: Divided into median and lateral fields, which bear lateral spurs; median field with anterior margin deeply excavated, rounded posterior margin and projected lateral margins; lateral projections positioned anteriorly and prolonged as an internal wall, partially visible in ventral view; copulatory openings situated anteriorly (Fig. 17 C). Copulatory ducts short, covered by a ventral wall; fertilization ducts short, originating from basal area of the spermathecae (Fig. 17 D). Composition: Only the type species, P. brevipes.	en	Polotow, Daniele, Brescovit, Antonio D. (2009): Revision and cladistic analysis of Isoctenus and description of a new neotropical genus (Araneae, Ctenidae, Cteninae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 155 (3): 583-614, DOI: 10.1111/j.1096-3642.2008.00452.x, URL: https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article-lookup/doi/10.1111/j.1096-3642.2008.00452.x
03EA87DBF85EC317FCA1FD6DFBEA12AE.taxon	materials_examined	Additional material examined: COLOMBIA. Meta: Puerto Lleros, Lomalinda, 73 ° 22 ′ W, 3 ° 18 ′ N, 2 male (CAS); San Ignácio, 3 females (IBSP 4893). BRAZIL. Pará: Serra Norte, 1 male (MPEG); Tocantins: Palmas, 1 female (MCN 22617). Maranhão: Balsas, 1 female, 1 male (IBSP 36595, 36597). Sergipe: São Cristóvão, Campus UFSE, 1 female (IBSP 10383); Santa Luzia do Itanhi, Mata do Crasto, 1 female (IBSP 10162). Mato Grosso: Nova Mutum, 1 male (IBSP 29530). Goiás: Niquelândia, Área U. H. E., Serra da Mesa, Margem esquerda do Rio Bagagem, 14 ° 01 ′ S, 48 ° 18 ′ W, 2 males (IBSP 6268); Mineiros, Parque Nacional das Emas, 1 female (IBSP 9527); Catalão, 2 males (IBSP 26243). Distrito Federal: Brasília, 1 male, 8 females (IBSP 2806, 2807, 2808, 2809, 2810, 2813, 2814, 2815). Bahia: Paulo Afonso, Raso da Catarina, 2 males (IBSP 7255, 7256); Barro Alto, 1 female (IBSP 159); Nova Redenção, 1 female (IBSP 20978); Cachoeira, 1 female (IBSP 3416); Porto Seguro, 4 males (IBSP 4222). Mato Grosso do Sul: Corumbá, 1 male, 3 females (IBSP 20573, 20575, 20577); Camapuã, 3 females (IBSP 2349); Terenos, 1 female (IBSP 1051); Paranaíba, 1 male, 2 females (IBSP 6551, 6553, 6554); Dourados, 1 male (IBSP 4969); Bodoquena, Serra da Bodoquena, 1 female (IBSP 33024); Bataguassú, Fazenda Orelha de Onça, 1 female (IBSP 35419). Minas Gerais: João Pinheiro, 1 female (IBSP 8519); Santana do Riacho, Serra do Cipó, 2 females (IBSP 8361, 8365); Uberaba, 1 male, 28. VIII. 1968 (MHCI 4298); Indianópolis, 1 male, 1 female (IBSP 7631); Fronteira, 1 female (IBSP 3561); Santa Bárbara, Parque Nacional da Serra da Caraça, 1 male (IBSP 7423); Poços de Caldas, 1 female (IBSP 5257). Espírito Santo: São Mateus, Reserva Florestal Vale do Rio Doce, 2 males (IBSP 12748, 12763); São José do Calçado, Rio Itabapuana, Usina Hidrelétrica do Rosal, 1 female (IBSP 26452). Rio de Janeiro: Rio de Janeiro, 1 female, 2 males (MNRJ 388, 674). São Paulo: Pereira Barreto, Usina Hidrelétrica de Três Irmãos, 6 males, 1 female (IBSP 4855); Dobrada, 1 female (IBSP 4234); Itapira, 1 male (IBSP 3204); Maracaí, 1 female (IBSP 5513); Monte Mor, 2 males (IBSP 2704); Rancharia, 1 female (IBSP 3472); São Carlos, 1 male (IBSP 3206); Águas de Santa Bárbara, 1 male, 2 females (IBSP 6964, 6969); Pinhalzinho, 1 male (IBSP 20131); Piracaia, 1 female (IBSP 7410); Vinhedo, 1 female (IBSP 24066); Assis, 1 male (IBSP 4227); Itupeva, 1 female (IBSP 3614); Jundiaí, 2 males (IBSP 14445); Sorocaba, 1 male (IBSP 6399); São Paulo, 5 females, 1 male (IBSP 1382); Ibiúna, 1 female (IBSP 2712); Igaratá, 1 male (IBSP 20417); Miracatu, 1 female (IBSP 3697). Paraná: Ponta Grossa, 1 female (IBSP 24039). BOLIVIA. La Paz: Rio Blanco, 1 female (IBSP 4699). Santa Cruz: Buena Vista, 1 female (IRSN). Beni: 1 male, 1 female (CBF). PARAGUAY. Departamento Central: Assunción, 1 female (IBSP 8441). URUGUAY. Canelones: Marindia, 1 male (IBSP 4038). Lavalleja: Solis de Mataojo, 1 female (IBSP 4042); Cerro Arequita, 1 female (IBSP 4049); Aguas Blancas, 1 female (IBSP 4039). Colonia: Colonia (Astilleros), 1 female (IBSP 4046). Diagnose: As in generic description. Description: Male (IBSP 23889). Carapace, sternum, endites, labium, legs and dorsal abdomen brown; black ventral abdomen, with two white points close to the spinnerets and two white points next to the epigastric furrow. Total length 12.60. Carapace 7.10 long and 5.30 wide. Clypeus 0.30 high. Eye diameters: OMA 0.28. OLA 0.24. OLP 0.32. OMP 0.38. Leg measurements: I: femur 6.10 / patella 2.80 / tibia 5.90 / metatarsi 5.20 / tarsi 2.50 / total 22.50; II: 5.20 / 2.50 / 4.70 / 4.50 / 1.80 / 18.70; III: 4.60 / 2.10 / 3.90 / 4.60 / 1.60 / 22.80; IV: 6.30 / 2.50 / 5.30 / 6.90 / 2.20 / 23.20. Leg spination: tibia I e II v 2 - 2 - 2 - 2 - 2, p 1 - 1 - 0, r 1 - 1 - 0, III e IV v 2 - 2 - 2, p 1 - 1, r 1 - 1; metatarsi I e II v 2 - 2 - 2, p 1 - 1 - 0, r 1 - 1 - 0, III v 2 - 2 - 2, p 1 - 1 - 1, r 1 - 1 - 1, IV v 1 - 1 - 1 - 1 - 1 - 1, p 1 - 1 - 1 - 1, r 1 - 1 - 1 - 1. Palp: as in generic description. Female (IBSP 23889). Coloration as in male. Total length 14.30. Carapace 6.80 long and 5.10 wide. Clypeus 0.32 high. Eye diameters: OMA 0.24, OLA 0.21, OLP 0.28, OMP 0.34. Legs measurement: I: femur 5.30 / patella 2.70 / tibia 4.80 / metatarsi 3.90 / tarsi 1.70 / total 18.40; II: 4.50 / 2.60 / 3.80 / 3.70 / 1.60 / 16.20; III: 4.10 / 2.00 / 3.10 / 3.60 / 1.60 / 14.40; IV: 5.50 / 2.40 / 4.70 / 6.00 / 1.90 / 20.50. Leg spination: tibia I and II v 2 - 2 - 2 - 2 - 2, p 0, r 0, III and IV v 2 - 2 - 2, p 1 - 1, r 1 - 1, metatarsi I and II v 2 - 2 - 2, p 0, r 0, III v 2 - 2 - 2, p 1 - 1 - 1, r 1 - 1 - 1, IV v 1 - 1 - 1 - 1 - 1 - 2, p 1 - 1 - 1, r 1 - 1 - 1 - 1. Epigynum: as in generic description. Variation: Ten males: total length 10.20 – 14.10, carapace 5.40 – 7.50, femur I 4.70 – 6.80; ten females: total length 11.40 – 22.35, carapace 6.20 – 9.50, femur I 5.30 – 7.50. Distribution: Colombia, States of Maranhão, Sergipe, Mato Grosso, Goiás, Distrito Federal, Bahia, Mato Grosso do Sul, Minas Gerais, Espírito Santo, Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo and Paraná, north, north-east, south-east and southern Brazil, Bolivia, Paraguay, Argentina and Uruguay.	en	Polotow, Daniele, Brescovit, Antonio D. (2009): Revision and cladistic analysis of Isoctenus and description of a new neotropical genus (Araneae, Ctenidae, Cteninae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 155 (3): 583-614, DOI: 10.1111/j.1096-3642.2008.00452.x, URL: https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article-lookup/doi/10.1111/j.1096-3642.2008.00452.x
