taxonID	type	description	language	source
03EA87D8261E0D16FEDCFA4EF760FD42.taxon	description	(Figs 1 - 3 A, 4; Tables III-IV)	en	Keith, Philippe, Mennesson, Marion I. (2023): Review of Butis (Teleostei: Butidae) from Indo-Pacific islands with description of three new species. Cybium 47 (4): 431-466, DOI: 10.26028/cybium/2023-034, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.26028/cybium/2023-034
03EA87D8261E0D16FF51FACDF7D3F9E3.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined According to Fricke et al. (2022), the holotype might be in RMNH 4801. Nevertheless, this lot includes many specimens (n = 13) without any specific label. One specimen is surrounded by a string but it does not correspond to Bleeker’s description based on several criteria, particularly in terms of the length of the maxilla. Indeed, Bleeker (1853) indicated ‘ maxilla sub oculi limbo anteriore desinente ’ (i. e., jaw ending below the front edge of the eye) but for this specimen the jaw ends below the middle of the eye, as five other specimens from this lot; it is not the holotype. The other seven specimens are identical in terms of morphomeristic, with a jaw ending below the front edge of the eye, and are nearly of similar size. As the type of this species is not clearly identifiable (ICZN, 1999: art. 75.3.4), the name B. amboinensis can only be linked to a known taxon by a neotype designation (ICZN, 1999: art. 75.3.1). For these reasons, to avoid confusion, we designate here the specimen RMNH. PISC. 85037 extracted from RMNH 4801 as neotype of Butis amboinensis (Bleeker, 1853) (Fig. 4 A), which comes from Ambon, the original type locality (ICZN, 1999: art. 75.3.6). The RMNH is a recognized scientific institution that maintains a research collection, with proper facilities for preserving name-bearing types, and that makes them accessible for study (ICZN, 1999: art. 75.3.7). Data and diagnostic characters differentiating from other taxa are given below (in the description and comparison paragraphs) to ensure recognition of the specimen designated (ICZN, 1999: art. 75.3.2 and 75.3.3) and the neotype here is consistent with the poor original description (ICZN, 1999: art. 75.3.5). RMNH. PISC. 85037, neotype (female, 77.5 mm SL; Fig. 4 A), Indonesia, Ambon; extracted from RMNH 4801.	en	Keith, Philippe, Mennesson, Marion I. (2023): Review of Butis (Teleostei: Butidae) from Indo-Pacific islands with description of three new species. Cybium 47 (4): 431-466, DOI: 10.26028/cybium/2023-034, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.26028/cybium/2023-034
03EA87D826190D11FEFDF88EF5D2F863.taxon	description	(Figs 1 - 3 B, 5; Tables III-IV) The species of the genus Butis are often fished and numerous papers refer to these species. As it exists several cryptic species (this paper) and at least 6 different species in India (this paper), it is necessary to clarify the status of Butis butis (Hamilton, 1822) from India (type locality), which is one of the most cited species. This name has been used for a species of Butis since 1822 and it seems reasonable to decide to settle it. As the type of this species is not objectively identifiable, the name B. butis can only be linked to a known taxon by a neotype designation (ICZN, 1999: art. 75.3.1). It is currently considered that there are no types known (Fricke et al., 2022) and Britz (2019), expert on Hamilton’s work, wrote that there is no evidence at all that Hamilton preserved any fish when making his descriptions. Günther (1861) listed one specimen presented by G. R. Waterhouse as a probable type (i. e., possible type BMNH 1858.8.15.142). Hora (1929) indicated no Hamilton type material retained, arguing that none of the material presented by Waterhouse could be types. After examination of the specimen BMNH 1858.8.15.142 (this study; Fig. 7 A; Table I), we consider that it is a B. humeralis and there is no evidence that it could be the type B. butis according to the description of Hamilton. Finally, J. Maclaine (BMNH, Senior Curator, fish section; pers. comm.) confirmed that there is no type in BMNH considered to be the B. butis of Hamilton (ICZN, 1999: art. 75.3.4). For these reasons, to avoid confusion we designate here the specimen MNHN 2022 - 0233 (male, 55.2 mm SL) from India as neotype of Butis butis (Hamilton, 1822) (Fig. 5 A), which comes from the original type locality (ICZN, 1999: art. 75.3.6). The MNHN is a recognized scientific institution that maintains a research collection, with proper facilities for preserving name-bearing types, and that makes them accessible for study (ICZN, 1999: art. 75.3.7). Data and diagnostic characters differentiating from other taxa are given below (in the description and comparison paragraphs) to ensure recognition of the specimen designated (ICZN, 1999: art. 75.3.2 and 75.3.3). The description of Hamilton (1822) did not give sufficient or diagnostic data to state on the species (several species have the two red spots at the base of the pectoral fins as cited by Hamilton (1822) and as shown in the unpublished drawing (Fig. 5 B) of Hamilton and reproduced by Britz (2019), or have 18 rays in pectoral fins). Thus a neotype designation is needed to clarify the identity, and the neotype here is consistent with the poor original description (see below) (ICZN, 1999: art. 75.3.5).	en	Keith, Philippe, Mennesson, Marion I. (2023): Review of Butis (Teleostei: Butidae) from Indo-Pacific islands with description of three new species. Cybium 47 (4): 431-466, DOI: 10.26028/cybium/2023-034, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.26028/cybium/2023-034
03EA87D826190D11FEFDF88EF5D2F863.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined MNHN 2022 - 0233, neotype, male (55.2 mm SL), India (Fig. 5 A).	en	Keith, Philippe, Mennesson, Marion I. (2023): Review of Butis (Teleostei: Butidae) from Indo-Pacific islands with description of three new species. Cybium 47 (4): 431-466, DOI: 10.26028/cybium/2023-034, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.26028/cybium/2023-034
03EA87D826070D0EFED0FD2DF1FFFA03.taxon	description	(Figs 1 - 3 B, 6; Tables III-IV) According to Fricke et al. (2022), the holotype from Western Sumatra of this species is “ whereabouts unknown ”. In the species description Bleeker (1853) wrote “ Mijne verzameling bevat reeds meerdere soorten van Eleotris met spitsen platten kop, langen snuit en groote zijschubben, zooals Eleotris melanostigma Blkr., Eleotris melanopterus Blkr., Eleotris wolffii Blkr., Eleotris prismatica Blkr., Eleotris humeralis CV en de boven beschrevene, welke zich echter gemakklejik van alle boven genoemde laat onderkennen aan hare onbeschubte wangen en snuit en tusschenoogstreek. ” i. e., “ My collection already contains several species of Eleotris with a flat, pointed head, long snout and large lateral scales, such as Eleotris melanostigma Blkr., Eleotris melanopterus Blkr., Eleotris wolffii Blkr., Eleotris prismatica Blkr, Eleotris humeralis CV and the species described above, which can easily be distinguished from all of these species by its cheeks, snout and inter-orbital region without scales ”. This description is sufficiently clear and no neotype designation is needed. B. gymnopomus is, indeed, the only species with an interorbital space without scales (with IOS 0 / 0 / 0) and with a flat pointed head and a long snout (see species key).	en	Keith, Philippe, Mennesson, Marion I. (2023): Review of Butis (Teleostei: Butidae) from Indo-Pacific islands with description of three new species. Cybium 47 (4): 431-466, DOI: 10.26028/cybium/2023-034, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.26028/cybium/2023-034
03EA87D826070D0EFED0FD2DF1FFFA03.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined SMF 9964, female (72 mm SL), Indonesia, Sunda, Kabaena, Oct. 1908, Sunda exp. coll. SMF 9965, 1 female and 2 males (49 - 73 mm SL), Indonesia, Celebes, Rumbia, Oct. 1909, Sunda exp. coll. MNHN 1963 - 0596, male (50 mm SL), Cambodia, Sihanoukville, 1961 - 1962, d’Aubenton & Fily coll. MNHN 1985 - 0991, 1 spm, Cambodia, Sihanoukville, 1962, d’Aubenton & Fily coll. NSMT-P 71103, 6 spm, Myanmar, Rakhaine, Gwa, Dec. 2001, Onishi coll. NSMT-P 71104, 3 spms, Myanmar, Rakhaine, Gwa, Dec. 2001, Onishi coll. NSMT-P 66100, Thailand, Libong, 9 Mar. 2003, Shibukawa coll.	en	Keith, Philippe, Mennesson, Marion I. (2023): Review of Butis (Teleostei: Butidae) from Indo-Pacific islands with description of three new species. Cybium 47 (4): 431-466, DOI: 10.26028/cybium/2023-034, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.26028/cybium/2023-034
03EA87D826070D0EFED0FD2DF1FFFA03.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis Interorbital space without scales with IOS 0 / 0 / 0 (Fig. 1 a 1); jaws reaching back to below front part of eye (Fig. 1 b 2); no auxiliary scales on the body (Fig. 1 c 4); no black spot on the pectoral fin base; predorsal scales 12 - 15.	en	Keith, Philippe, Mennesson, Marion I. (2023): Review of Butis (Teleostei: Butidae) from Indo-Pacific islands with description of three new species. Cybium 47 (4): 431-466, DOI: 10.26028/cybium/2023-034, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.26028/cybium/2023-034
03EA87D826070D0EFED0FD2DF1FFFA03.taxon	description	Description The scale counts are given in Table III and selected morphometrics in Table IV. The body is elongated, the body depth at anal fin origin is 14 - 21 % SL, at first dorsal fin 16 - 21 % SL, and the caudal peduncle depth is 8 - 10 % SL. Predorsal length 40 - 44 % SL and preanal length 61 - 64 % SL. Bony ridges on head barely serrated to smooth (12 - 24 medium spines), usually smooth on snout (4 - 8 smooth spines). Size: up to 115 mm SL. Twenty-five vertebrae. The head 33 - 36 % SL is depressed as is the snout; snout length 12 - 14 % SL. Mouth terminal, lower jaw prominent, jaws (14 - 16 % SL) reaching back to below front part of eye (Fig. 1 b 2). Outermost row of teeth in each jaw enlarged and widely spaced with strong caniniform teeth. Interorbital width 6 - 8 % SL. Gill opening below rear edge of eye. Dorsal fins VI-I, 8 with no filamentous rays; first dorsal fin triangular. Anal fin I, 7 - 8 directly opposite to the second dorsal fin. Pectoral fins 18 with the posterior margin slightly rounded. The caudal fin is with 12 branched- rays and its posterior margin is rounded. Pelvic fins separate, I, 5. Lateral scales 25 - 28, with ctenoid scales on flanks, opercle and caudal peduncle. Cheek usually naked. Scales in transverse back series 8 - 9, in transverse forward 11 - 14, in predorsal 12 - 15 and in zigzag usually 6. Interopercle naked or with few scattered scales; no scales between orbital ridge and eyes, IOS 0 / 0 / 0 (Fig. 1 a 1). No scales on cheeks. Scales absent from snout. Pectoral base, breast and belly scales cycloid. No auxiliary scales on body (Fig. 1 c 4). Head pores present, with usually incomplete sensory canal and pores (A’, B, C, (D), (E), F, (G), H, I, J, K, L’); 5 preopercular pores (M’, N, O, P, Q’). The pore numbers are asymmetrical in some individuals, with a pore on one side of the head, which is absent on the other side. D, E, G sometimes missing. Males with an elongated urogenital papilla with distal tip rounded. Females have an oval or chalice-shaped bulbous urogenital papilla with slightly crenulated outer edges around distal opening. Colour in preservation Male and female similar. Head, body and belly grey-beige to brown. Head with a distinct double broad dark brown to blackish band on snout. Seven to eight oblique dark bands from head to caudal fin. Pectoral and pelvic fins beige. Abdomen and gular region beige. First dorsal fin brown to blackish. Anal and second dorsal fins dark with spots aligned on rays. Caudal fin brownish to blackish with greyish margin. Colour in life Male and female similar (Fig. 6). Head, body and belly grey-beige to brown or red, with several lines of white spots framing scale rows or constituting several longitudinal white to pink lines. Head with a double broad dark brown to blackish band from snout tip running through eye, and scattered with numerous white spots on snout, preopercle and opercle. Opercle pinkish. Several specimens with seven to eight light- er oblique bands from head to caudal fin. Sometimes a dark band runs along the body and ends at caudal fin base. Lips plain brown; eyes red. First dorsal fin brown to blackish with a beige blotch at posterior part. Second dorsal fin blackish with whitish spots along rays and sometimes with a red basal part. Anal and pelvic fins mostly red with a black and white margin or yellowish to brown with some black and yellow to whitish spotting posteriorly. No black spots nor red spots on pectoral fin base; pectoral fin translucent with a base mottled with brown and blackish. Caudal fin translucent to blackish with fine whitish spots; lower and upper base reddish, lower margin whitish.	en	Keith, Philippe, Mennesson, Marion I. (2023): Review of Butis (Teleostei: Butidae) from Indo-Pacific islands with description of three new species. Cybium 47 (4): 431-466, DOI: 10.26028/cybium/2023-034, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.26028/cybium/2023-034
03EA87D826070D0EFED0FD2DF1FFFA03.taxon	biology_ecology	Ecology This species occurs in many coastal streams in brackish to freshwaters over substrates of mud, gravels, sandy-mud or rocky bottom. It is an ambush hunter, feeding mainly on small fish and crustaceans (shrimps (Atyidae), prawns (Palaemonidae )).	en	Keith, Philippe, Mennesson, Marion I. (2023): Review of Butis (Teleostei: Butidae) from Indo-Pacific islands with description of three new species. Cybium 47 (4): 431-466, DOI: 10.26028/cybium/2023-034, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.26028/cybium/2023-034
03EA87D826070D0EFED0FD2DF1FFFA03.taxon	distribution	Distribution Known from India, Sri Lanka, Myanmar, Indonesia, Thailand and Vietnam (Fig. 3 B). Comparison Butis gymnopomus differs from the other species sequenced in having a significant percentage of divergence in COI gene (15.7 - 17.6 %) (Table II). Moreover, it differs from B. audebertae, B. humeralis, B. huberti, B. prismaticus, B. butis, B. amboinensis and B. abdoui in having 0 scales versus 2 - 11 between the two orbital ridges and predorsal scales 12 - 15 versus 25 - 46. It differs from B. koilomatodon and B. delagoensis in having jaws reaching back to below front part of eye versus jaws reaching back to one third to middle of eye, pectoral fin rays 18 versus 20 - 22, and snout length 12 - 14 % SL (versus 7 - 10 % SL).	en	Keith, Philippe, Mennesson, Marion I. (2023): Review of Butis (Teleostei: Butidae) from Indo-Pacific islands with description of three new species. Cybium 47 (4): 431-466, DOI: 10.26028/cybium/2023-034, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.26028/cybium/2023-034
03EA87D826060D0EFC75FD0DF039FA83.taxon	description	(Figs 1 - 3 A, 7; Tables III-IV)	en	Keith, Philippe, Mennesson, Marion I. (2023): Review of Butis (Teleostei: Butidae) from Indo-Pacific islands with description of three new species. Cybium 47 (4): 431-466, DOI: 10.26028/cybium/2023-034, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.26028/cybium/2023-034
03EA87D826060D0EFCF8FDEDF1CCF943.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined Holotype: MNHN A- 1563, male (106 mm SL), India, Bay of Bengal, Duvaucel or Belanger coll.	en	Keith, Philippe, Mennesson, Marion I. (2023): Review of Butis (Teleostei: Butidae) from Indo-Pacific islands with description of three new species. Cybium 47 (4): 431-466, DOI: 10.26028/cybium/2023-034, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.26028/cybium/2023-034
03EA87D826040D0CFED6FBB1F760FB30.taxon	description	(Figs 1 - 3 B, 8; Tables III-IV)	en	Keith, Philippe, Mennesson, Marion I. (2023): Review of Butis (Teleostei: Butidae) from Indo-Pacific islands with description of three new species. Cybium 47 (4): 431-466, DOI: 10.26028/cybium/2023-034, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.26028/cybium/2023-034
03EA87D826040D0BFF51FCD9F1DAFB02.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined CAS-SU 4995, holotype (unique) of Prionobutis serrifrons, Rutter, 1897, male (58.3 mm SL), China, Swatow [Shantou]. AMS IA. 7849, holotype (unique) of Prionobutis wardi, Whitley, 1939, male (38.8 mm SL), Australia, Northern Territory, off Point Charles near Darwin, June 1938. RMNH 1997, 3 males (59 - 65 mm SL), China, Amoy, Schliegel coll. SMF 1450, male (26 mm SL), Indonesia, Moluccas, Kololobo, 21 May 1908. BMNH 1894.1.19.35, female (56 mm SL), Malaysia, Borneo. NSMT-P 70613, 1 spm (40.8 mm SL), Vietnam, Nha Trang market, 7 Oct. 2004, Shibukawa coll. NSMT-P 70655, 2 spms (33.6 - 60.2 mm SL), Vietnam, Nha Trang market, 7 Oct. 2004, Shibukawa coll. NB: According to Fricke et al. (2022), syntypes of Eleotris koilomatodon Bleeker, 1849 (Madura Straits near Surabaya and Kammal, Java, Indonesia) are in RMNH 4818 (some of 11). According to Kottelat (2013) the holotype? [80 mm TL] is part of RMNH 4818. We went twice in RMNH but failed to locate RMNH 4818. It must be actively sought.	en	Keith, Philippe, Mennesson, Marion I. (2023): Review of Butis (Teleostei: Butidae) from Indo-Pacific islands with description of three new species. Cybium 47 (4): 431-466, DOI: 10.26028/cybium/2023-034, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.26028/cybium/2023-034
03EA87D826040D0BFF51FCD9F1DAFB02.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis Interorbital space without scales with IOS 0 / 0 / 0 (Fig. 1 a 6); jaws reaching back to middle of eye (Fig. 1 b 4); no auxiliary scales on the body (Fig. 1 c 4); pectoral fin rays 21 - 22; body depth at anal fin origin is 21 - 26 % SL; interorbital width 6 - 8 % SL; snout length 7 - 10 % SL.	en	Keith, Philippe, Mennesson, Marion I. (2023): Review of Butis (Teleostei: Butidae) from Indo-Pacific islands with description of three new species. Cybium 47 (4): 431-466, DOI: 10.26028/cybium/2023-034, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.26028/cybium/2023-034
03EA87D826040D0BFF51FCD9F1DAFB02.taxon	description	Description The scale counts are given in Table III and selected morphometrics in Table IV. The body is oval and higher than it is elongated, short deep; the body depth at anal fin origin is 21 - 26 % SL, at first dorsal fin 21 - 28 % SL, and the caudal peduncle depth is 9 - 12 % SL. Predorsal length 38 - 44 % SL and preanal length 61 - 64 % SL. Strongly serrated bony ridges on the head (20 - 30 strong spines) and snout (8 - 9 spines). Size: up to 85 mm SL. Twenty-five vertebrae. The head 32 - 35 % SL is short and deep; snout length 7 - 10 % SL. Mouth terminal, lower jaw prominent, jaws (13 - 15 % SL) reaching back to middle of eye (Fig. 1 b 4). Teeth small, pointed, in 3 - 6 rows in each jaw. Interorbital width 6 - 8 % SL. Gill opening to below rear edge of eye. Dorsal fins usually VI-I, 8. Large males may have an elongate first (and second) segmented ray in the second dorsal fin. First dorsal fin rounded to blunt. Anal fin usually I, 8 directly opposite to the second dorsal fin. Pectoral fins usually 21 - 22 with the posterior margin slightly rounded. The caudal fin is with 12 branched-rays and its posterior margin is rounded. Pelvic fins separate, I, 5. Lateral scales 26 - 29, with ctenoid scales on flanks, opercle, cheeks and caudal peduncle. Scales in transverse back series 9 - 11, in transverse forward 13 - 14, in predorsal 12 - 16 and in zigzag usually 6 - 7. No scales on snout and on the head between orbital ridge and eyes, IOS 0 / 0 / 0 (Fig. 1 a 6). Pectoral base, belly and breast scales cycloid. Scales on cheek (SCH) 0 - 5. No auxiliary scales on body (Fig. 1 c 4). Head pores present, with usually incomplete sensory canal and pores (A’, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, K, L’), J generally missing; 5 preopercular pores (M’, N, O, P, Q’). Males with a rounded / elongated urogenital papilla with distal tip rounded. Females have a rectangular or chalice-shaped bulbous urogenital papilla with crenulated outer edges around distal opening. Colour in preservation Male and female similar (Fig. 8 A). Head, pectoral base and opercle beige. Back, flanks and belly brownish. Pectoral and pelvic fins translucent; pectoral fin base with a black spot on the lower part and two basal white spots in front to the black one. Anal and second dorsal fins whitish. Caudal fin whitish to yellowish. Colour in life Male and female similar but the coloration can vary according to the substrate (Fig. 8 B). Body grey to brownish with about 5 to 6 oblique dark bands (bands may be split at mid-body) from opercle to hypural base. Belly and abdomen yellowish. Head light brown mottled with dark brown, and one white bar from eye to mouth opening. Eyes gold. Lips with alternating white and dark bands. Base of caudal fin black with a row of about 5 yellowish spots. Black spot on the pectoral base surrounded by two white or orange spots in the front and a row of yellowish spot at the base of each ray. First dorsal fin blackish with transparent patches at the rear of fin. Second dorsal fin translucent with alternating black and gold spots from base to mid-fin. Anal fin grey with a distal black band. According to Miller et al. (1989), “ body with general reticulation, with 2 - 3 longitudinal series of small dark dots involving many scales above lateral midline; broad dark banding from each dorsal fin base obliquely rearwards towards ventral midline, bifurcating on flank into separate bands; … Head with lateral preorbital and cheek dark bars, confluent under eye; behind eye, dark spot and pale horizontal band to rear opercle; snout mottled ”.	en	Keith, Philippe, Mennesson, Marion I. (2023): Review of Butis (Teleostei: Butidae) from Indo-Pacific islands with description of three new species. Cybium 47 (4): 431-466, DOI: 10.26028/cybium/2023-034, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.26028/cybium/2023-034
03EA87D826040D0BFF51FCD9F1DAFB02.taxon	biology_ecology	Ecology This species is a benthic and sedentary fish well adapted to the water temperature variations ranging from 26 to 36 ° C, and salinities ranging from 3.8 ‰ to 37 ‰ (Miller et al., 1989; Dinh et al., 2020). It spawns throughout the year. The length at first maturation of males (5.1 - 8.6 cm TL) is higher than that of females (4.8 - 6.7 cm), and the fecundity ranges from 3,085 to 32,087 eggs / female (Dinh et al., 2021). This species has high commercial and nutritional values in Vietnam (Dinh et al., 2020).	en	Keith, Philippe, Mennesson, Marion I. (2023): Review of Butis (Teleostei: Butidae) from Indo-Pacific islands with description of three new species. Cybium 47 (4): 431-466, DOI: 10.26028/cybium/2023-034, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.26028/cybium/2023-034
03EA87D826040D0BFF51FCD9F1DAFB02.taxon	distribution	Distribution From Thailand, Vietnam, China, Indonesia, Papua New Guinea and northern Australia (Fig. 3 B). Comparison Butis koilomatodon differs from the other species sequenced in having a significant percentage of divergence in COI gene (6.2 - 17.6 %) (Table II). Moreover, it differs from B. audebertae, B. humeralis, B. huberti, B. prismaticus, B. butis, B. amboinensis and B. abdoui in having 0 scales versus 2 - 11 between the two orbital ridges, snout length 7 - 10 % SL versus 11 - 16 % SL and predorsal scales 12 - 16 versus 25 - 46. It differs from B. gymnopomus in having jaws reaching back to one third to middle of eye versus jaws reaching back to below front part of eye, pectoral fin rays 21 - 22 versus 18, and snout length 7 - 10 % SL versus 12 - 14 % SL. It differs from B. delagoensis in having pectoral fin rays 21 - 22 versus 20 - 21, interorbital width 6 - 8 % SL versus 5 - 6 % SL and a distribution in the Pacific Ocean versus only in the Indian Ocean from Mozambique to India.	en	Keith, Philippe, Mennesson, Marion I. (2023): Review of Butis (Teleostei: Butidae) from Indo-Pacific islands with description of three new species. Cybium 47 (4): 431-466, DOI: 10.26028/cybium/2023-034, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.26028/cybium/2023-034
03EA87D826030D0BFC65FC0DF038FB82.taxon	description	(Figs 1 - 3 B, 9; Tables III-IV)	en	Keith, Philippe, Mennesson, Marion I. (2023): Review of Butis (Teleostei: Butidae) from Indo-Pacific islands with description of three new species. Cybium 47 (4): 431-466, DOI: 10.26028/cybium/2023-034, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.26028/cybium/2023-034
03EA87D826030D0BFCF8FCEDF661FA63.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined SAM 15548, holotype (unique) of Eleotris delagoensis, Barnard, 1927, male (43.5 mm SL), Mozambique, Delagoa Bay.	en	Keith, Philippe, Mennesson, Marion I. (2023): Review of Butis (Teleostei: Butidae) from Indo-Pacific islands with description of three new species. Cybium 47 (4): 431-466, DOI: 10.26028/cybium/2023-034, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.26028/cybium/2023-034
03EA87D826010D09FEDAF88EF75EFE01.taxon	description	(Figs 1 - 3 B, 10; Tables III-IV)	en	Keith, Philippe, Mennesson, Marion I. (2023): Review of Butis (Teleostei: Butidae) from Indo-Pacific islands with description of three new species. Cybium 47 (4): 431-466, DOI: 10.26028/cybium/2023-034, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.26028/cybium/2023-034
03EA87D826010D09FF51F96EF787FD21.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined According to Fricke et al. (2022), possible syntypes of Eleotris prismatica Bleeker, 1849 are in RMNH 4470. This lot currently includes only one specimen. RMNH 4470: syntype, 1 female (87.4 mm SL), Indonesia, Madura Straits near Surabaya and Kammal, Java.	en	Keith, Philippe, Mennesson, Marion I. (2023): Review of Butis (Teleostei: Butidae) from Indo-Pacific islands with description of three new species. Cybium 47 (4): 431-466, DOI: 10.26028/cybium/2023-034, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.26028/cybium/2023-034
03EA87D826000D08FE8AFDEDF660FEE1.taxon	description	(Figs 1 - 3 A, 11; Tables III-IV)	en	Keith, Philippe, Mennesson, Marion I. (2023): Review of Butis (Teleostei: Butidae) from Indo-Pacific islands with description of three new species. Cybium 47 (4): 431-466, DOI: 10.26028/cybium/2023-034, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.26028/cybium/2023-034
03EA87D826000D08FE8AFDEDF660FEE1.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined Twenty-one specimens: 7 males, 14 females, size range 32.3 - 88.4 mm SL, largest male 83.3 mm SL, largest female 88.4 mm SL. Holotype: MNHN 2022 - 0219, male (77 mm SL, tag 14623), Mayotte, Comoros, Ouroveni, 11 Nov. 2003, Keith & ARDA coll. Paratypes: MNHN 2022 - 0216, 1 male (60.5 mm SL, tag 14523), 3 females (54.7 - 63.4 mm SL, tags 14522, 14523, 14524, 14525), Mayotte, Comoros, Coconi, 6 Aug. 2019, OCEA coll. MNHN 2005 - 0231, 2 males (38.5 - 83.3 mm SL, tags 14622, 14626), 2 females (54.4 - 57 mm SL, tags 14624, 14625), same data as holotype. MNHN 2017 - 0303, male (88.4 mm SL), Madagascar, Sava, 4 Jul. 2008. MNHN 2012 - 0491, female (68 mm SL, tag 14628), Mayotte, Comoros, Ouroveni, 6 Sep. 2007, Marquet & Zimmerman coll. SMF 29033, 1 male (39.6 mm SL), 1 female (48.7 mm SL), Andaman Nicobar, Ganges Hafen, 3 Aug. 1958, Xarifa expedition coll.	en	Keith, Philippe, Mennesson, Marion I. (2023): Review of Butis (Teleostei: Butidae) from Indo-Pacific islands with description of three new species. Cybium 47 (4): 431-466, DOI: 10.26028/cybium/2023-034, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.26028/cybium/2023-034
03EA87D8260E0D06FE97F88EF5C9FCF1.taxon	description	(Figs 1 - 3 A, 12; Tables III-IV)	en	Keith, Philippe, Mennesson, Marion I. (2023): Review of Butis (Teleostei: Butidae) from Indo-Pacific islands with description of three new species. Cybium 47 (4): 431-466, DOI: 10.26028/cybium/2023-034, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.26028/cybium/2023-034
03EA87D8260E0D06FE97F88EF5C9FCF1.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined Fifteen specimens: 3 males, 12 females, size range 34 - 84.7 mm SL, largest male 84.5 mm SL, largest female 84.7 mm SL. Holotype: MNHN 2022 - 0249, male (84.5 mm SL), Thailand, Siam, 1882, Harmand coll. (extracted from MNHN A- 5103). Paratypes: SMF 4269 female (52.6 mm SL), Thailand, Bangkok, Aug. 1957, Somphongs leg. SMF 39644, male (56.5 mm SL), Thailand, 10 Oct. 1962, Wickler coll. (extracted from SMF 5852). SMF 39645, 4 females (40.5 - 50 mm SL), Thailand, 10 Oct. 1962, Wickler coll. (extracted from SMF 5852). MNHN 2022 - 0236, 1 male and 1 female (42.5 - 44.5 mm SL), Thailand, 10 Oct. 1962, Wickler coll. (extracted from SMF 5852). NSMT-P 71202, 2 females (34 - 36.7 mm SL), Myanmar, Rakhaine district, Gwa, Yache Kow, 1 Dec. 2001, Iwata coll. BMNH 1889.2.1.3535 - 3537, 3 females (39 - 53.2 mm SL), Orissa, India, Day coll. MNHN A- 5103, female (84.7 mm SL), Thailand (Siam), 1882, Harmand coll.	en	Keith, Philippe, Mennesson, Marion I. (2023): Review of Butis (Teleostei: Butidae) from Indo-Pacific islands with description of three new species. Cybium 47 (4): 431-466, DOI: 10.26028/cybium/2023-034, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.26028/cybium/2023-034
03EA87D8260D0D04FBD0F92EF0BBFE62.taxon	description	(Figs 1 - 3 A, 13; Tables III-IV)	en	Keith, Philippe, Mennesson, Marion I. (2023): Review of Butis (Teleostei: Butidae) from Indo-Pacific islands with description of three new species. Cybium 47 (4): 431-466, DOI: 10.26028/cybium/2023-034, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.26028/cybium/2023-034
03EA87D8260D0D04FBD0F92EF0BBFE62.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined Holotype: MNHN 2001 - 3146, male (89 mm SL), Vietnam, Tra Vinh, 12 May 1996, Bouchereau coll. Paratype: BMNH 1894.1. 19.31, female (101.3 mm SL), Malaysia, Sarawak, Borneo, 1894, Brooke don.	en	Keith, Philippe, Mennesson, Marion I. (2023): Review of Butis (Teleostei: Butidae) from Indo-Pacific islands with description of three new species. Cybium 47 (4): 431-466, DOI: 10.26028/cybium/2023-034, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.26028/cybium/2023-034
03EA87D8260D0D04FBD0F92EF0BBFE62.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis Interorbital space with scales (2 - 3 / 9 - 10 / 2 - 3) (Fig. 1 a 5); jaws reaching back to middle of eye (Fig. 1 b 1); auxiliary scales on body (Fig. 1 c 2); body depth at anal fin origin 21 - 23 % SL and at first dorsal fin 22 - 26 %; caudal peduncle depth 13 - 14 % SL.	en	Keith, Philippe, Mennesson, Marion I. (2023): Review of Butis (Teleostei: Butidae) from Indo-Pacific islands with description of three new species. Cybium 47 (4): 431-466, DOI: 10.26028/cybium/2023-034, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.26028/cybium/2023-034
03EA87D8260D0D04FBD0F92EF0BBFE62.taxon	description	Description The scale counts are given in Table III and selected morphometrics in Table IV. Below, the holotype counts are given first, followed in brackets, if different, by the paratype counts. The body is high, the body depth at anal fin origin is 23 (21) % SL, at first dorsal fin 26 (22) % SL, and the caudal peduncle depth is 14 (13) % SL. Predorsal length 45 (47) % SL and preanal length 60 % SL. Serrated bony ridges on the head (26 medium spines) and snout (12 - 20 spines). Size: 89 mm SL. The head 37 (38) % SL is depressed as is the snout; snout length 13 (12) % SL. Mouth terminal, lower jaw prominent, jaws 16 (17) % SL reaching back to middle of eye. Outermost row of teeth in upper and lower jaw smaller in size than innermost row. Innermost row with caniniform teeth in both jaws. Interorbital width 10 % SL. Gill opening below rear edge of eye (Fig. 1 b 2). Dorsal fins VI-I, 8 with no filamentous rays; first dorsal fin triangular. Anal fin I, 8 directly opposite to the second dorsal fin. Pectoral fins 20 (18) with the posterior margin slightly rounded. The caudal fin is with 12 branched-rays and its posterior margin is rounded. Pelvic fins separate, I, 5. Lateral scales 27, with ctenoid scales on flanks, opercle, cheeks, belly and caudal peduncle. Scales in transverse back series 11 (10), in transverse forward 16, in predorsal 38 (45) and in zigzag 6. Interopercle scaled. Small ctenoid scales on the head between orbital ridge and eyes, IOS 2 - 3 / 9 - 10 / 2 - 3 (Fig. 1 a 5) (+ 2 - 3 rows of scales directly on eye on holotype). Scales extending onto anterior part of snout. Breast with ctenoid scales. Pectoral base scales ctenoid. Scales on cheek (SCH) 7 - 8. Auxiliary scales on body, 1 - 5 per scale (usually one on the anterior part of body, 5 on the posterior part) (Fig. 1 c 2); Auxiliary scales also on head, predorsal area and cheeks. Head pores present, with pores A’, B, C, D, E, F, H, I, J, K, L’; 5 preopercular pores (M’, N, O, P, Q’). Male with an elongated urogenital papilla with distal tip rounded. Female has a rectangular or chalice-shaped bulbous urogenital papilla with crenulated outer edges around distal opening. Colour in preservation (Fig. 13) Head and body dark brown. Pectoral fins beige to translucent, base brown with a large black spot at the centre. Abdomen and gular region dark brown. Anal and second dorsal fins dark spotted with white spots aligned on rays. Caudal fin blackish. Pelvic fins dark brown. Colour in life Unknown.	en	Keith, Philippe, Mennesson, Marion I. (2023): Review of Butis (Teleostei: Butidae) from Indo-Pacific islands with description of three new species. Cybium 47 (4): 431-466, DOI: 10.26028/cybium/2023-034, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.26028/cybium/2023-034
03EA87D8260D0D04FBD0F92EF0BBFE62.taxon	biology_ecology	Ecology This species occurs in streams in brackish to fresh waters and estuaries.	en	Keith, Philippe, Mennesson, Marion I. (2023): Review of Butis (Teleostei: Butidae) from Indo-Pacific islands with description of three new species. Cybium 47 (4): 431-466, DOI: 10.26028/cybium/2023-034, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.26028/cybium/2023-034
03EA87D8260D0D04FBD0F92EF0BBFE62.taxon	distribution	Distribution This species is currently known from Vietnam and Borneo (Fig. 3 A).	en	Keith, Philippe, Mennesson, Marion I. (2023): Review of Butis (Teleostei: Butidae) from Indo-Pacific islands with description of three new species. Cybium 47 (4): 431-466, DOI: 10.26028/cybium/2023-034, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.26028/cybium/2023-034
03EA87D8260D0D04FBD0F92EF0BBFE62.taxon	etymology	Etymology The new species is dedicated to our colleague Nicolas Hubert, from the French National Research Institute for Sustainable Development (IRD), in recognition of his work on the freshwater fauna of South Asia and Indonesia. Comparison Butis huberti differs from B. koilomatodon, B. delagoensis and B. gymnopomus in having 9 - 10 scales versus 0 between the two orbital ridges, and predorsal scales 38 - 45 versus 12 - 16. It differs from B. prismaticus, B. amboinensis, B. butis and B. abdoui in having jaws reaching back to 1 / 3 or middle of eye versus jaws reaching back to below front part of eye. It differs from B. humeralis in having a body depth at first dorsal fin 22 - 26 % versus 19 - 22 % SL, caudal peduncle depth 13 - 14 % versus 11 - 13 % SL, and body depth at anal fin origin 21 - 23 % versus 18 - 21 % SL. It differs from B. audebertae in having IOS 2 - 3 / 9 - 10 / 2 - 3 versus 1 - 2 / 3 - 7 / 1 - 2, a body depth at first dorsal fin 22 - 26 % versus 16 - 19 % SL and caudal peduncle depth 13 - 14 % versus 9 - 11 % SL.	en	Keith, Philippe, Mennesson, Marion I. (2023): Review of Butis (Teleostei: Butidae) from Indo-Pacific islands with description of three new species. Cybium 47 (4): 431-466, DOI: 10.26028/cybium/2023-034, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.26028/cybium/2023-034
