identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
03EA500AFF81C95F84F1FF77FE90DEEE.text	03EA500AFF81C95F84F1FF77FE90DEEE.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ootheca mutabilis (Sahlberg 1829) Sahlberg 1829	<div><p>Ootheca mutabilis (Sahlberg, 1829)</p><p>(Figs 1–17)</p><p>= Crioceris mutabilis Sahlberg, 1829: 27 .</p><p>= Malacosoma bicolor Allard, 1889: 68; syn. nov. = Ootheca punctata Laboissière, 1931: 23; syn. nov.</p><p>Total length. 4.75–7.65 mm (mean: 5.74 mm; n = 21; Fig. 1 a); total height in lateral view 2.10–2.80 mm (mean: 2.54 mm; Fig. 1 b).</p><p>Head. Yellowish- to reddish-brown, labrum brown to black. Eyes small, maximum width of eye to minimal distance between eyes 0.39–0.63 mm (mean: 0.52 mm; Figs 1 a, 2a). Antenna either entirely yellow to yellowish-red, or only four basal antennomeres brownish to black; length ratio of second to third antennomere 0.60–0.80 (mean: 0.67), third to fourth antennomere 0.80–1.00 (mean: 0.83) (Fig. 10).</p><p>Thorax. Prothorax unicolourous yellowish- to reddish brown, the same colour as head. Pronotum finely punctured, latero-basal curved impression distinct in large specimens; pronotal width 2.10–2.65 mm (mean: 2.45 mm), pronotal length 1.20–1.50 mm (mean: 1.40 mm), ratio of pronotal width to length 1.61–1.90 (mean: 1.75) (Figs 1, 5). Elytral colouration either unicolourous yellowish- to reddish-brown [cf. the unicolourous lectotype of Crioceris mutabilis (Fig. 14)], or contrasting dark brown to black to pronotum and head as in types of Malacosoma bicolor (Fig. 15) and Ootheca punctata (Fig. 16), about 15 % of material studied have bicolourous elytra, having either dark brown to black humerus or entire base of elytra black, and other parts of elytra yellowish- to reddish-brown (Fig. 12); punctuation irregular, somewhat coarser than of pronotum, surface between punctures shiny, without microsculpture; length 3.90–5.25 mm (mean: 4.70 mm); maximal width of elytra together 3.30–4.30 mm (mean: 3.76 mm); maximal width of elytra together to length of elytron ratio 0.73–0.84 (mean: 0.80). Scutellum yellowish- to reddish-brown. Meso- and metathorax yellowish, reddish or light brown. Legs: either entirely reddish-brown to light brown, most specimens with tibia bicolourous with distal two thirds dark brown to black, rarely entirely dark brown to black, in those specimens tarsi also dark brown; length ratio of basi-metatarsus to metatibia 0.19–0.30 (mean: 0.25) (Fig. 8).</p><p>Abdomen. Yellowish- to reddish-brown.</p><p>Male genitalia. Median lobe slender, slightly conical, with very small protrudent apical tip. In lateral view slightly curved ventrally. Tectum small and unobstrusive, consisting of two curved tectorial spurs almost touching basally. Endophallus symmetrically arranged, with straight basal sclerite, endophallic brush with two bifurcate apices (Fig. 10).</p><p>Diagnosis. Since Ootheca mutabilis shows a wide variation in colouration and body length, it can easily be confused with several other abundant species, in particular O. proteus, O. bennigseni, O. orientalis, O. kibonotensis, O. frontalis, and O. eddae sp. n., when only considering external characters. It has the widest range of all species of Ootheca (Fig.13) and despite Weise (1900) thinking it was restricted to western Africa, it has actually been recorded from The Gambia and Kenya in the North, to northern South Africa in the South.</p><p>Specimens with bicolourous elytra are characteristic for this species, but this colouration also occurs rarely in O. orientalis . The elytral punctuation is usually somewhat coarser than in other species, eyes are comparatively small, resulting in a low eye-index that allows one to distinguish most specimens from those of O. kibonotensis (maximum width of eye to minimal distance between eyes ratio 0.39–0.63; O. kibonotensis 0.57–0.86), the second antennomere is comparatively long (length of second to third antennomere ratio 0.60– 0.80) which allows the differentiation of many specimens of O. proteus (0.50–0.71), O. orientalis (0.50–0.80) and O. bennigseni (0.50–0.73). However, only the study of the male genitalia allows reliable identification of O. mutabilis and female specimens sometimes remain indistinguishable.</p><p>Host plants and biology. This species, as do others in Ootheca, feeds on Fabaceae and it is sometimes described as pest species on crops (Ochieng 1977). Data on several additional labels of collection material indicates the following: “recoltée sur legumineuses”, “ Canavalia ensiformis et haricots”, ”Parasite de feuilles de haricot”, “attacking beans”, “on Vigna unguiculata ”, “on cowpeas”. Other plant species recorded are most probably not food-plants, but the beetles were probably found on them by chance: “recoltée sur mais”, “on Hibiscus sp. “, “sur cotonnier”, “leaf of Cucumis sativus ”, “on Vindrez subterranea ”.</p><p>Immature stages. Larval development of O. mutabilis was studied by Ochieng (1977) in Nigeria. Eggs are yellow, elliptical, and translucent and are laid in the soil in batches of approximately 60 eggs, glued together. Larvae emerge after about two weeks and feed on roots of beans and other Fabaceae . Attack by the early instars may go unnoticed, but the older larvae remove lateral roots and cause wilting and premature senescence in bean plants. The larvae go through three instars: the first two last about six days each, and the third lasts nearly ten days, followed by a prepupal stage, which lasts approximately 15 days. The pupal stage, which occurs in an earthen cell within the soil, lasts around 16 days. The duration of larval and pupal development depends on soil temperature, among other factors, and varies between 60 and 250 days. The teneral adults of Ootheca may undergo an obligatory diapause until the onset of the rainy season, when they emerge, coinciding with the presence of young bean seedlings.</p><p>Distribution. Known from most parts of continental Africa, from Senegal to southern Sudan in the north, towards Angola and north-eastern South Africa in the south (Fig. 13); particularly abundant in Western Africa.</p><p>Type material examined. Crioceris mutabilis: Lectotype: male, “S. Leone Afzelius / Mutabilis Sahlb. Sp. 64-5 / Lectotypus Th. Wagner desig., 2008 Crioceris mutabilis Sahlb. / Ootheca mutabilis (Sahlberg, 1829) Kortenhaus &amp; Wagner det. 0 6 / AfriGa Specimen ID 870, specimen data documented 4.X.2006 ” (NHRS; Fig. 14). This designation. Type locality: Sierra Leone, no further details available.</p><p>Paralectotypes: 3 females, first label “S. Leone Afzelius” one specimen additionally with “var. 3 Sahlb”, another one with “var. 8 Sahlb” (NHRS). Since there is a type series of four specimens available, a designation of a lectotype is necessary to fix the name to a single specimen.</p><p>Malacosoma bicolor: Holotype: female, “Tabora / Ex Musaeo E. Allard 1899 / Type / AfriGa Specimen ID 759, specimen data documented 20.II.2004 / Malacosoma Bicolor All. Tabora” (MNHN; Fig. 15). Laboissière mentioned only one collecting site and depository and the only specimen found can be considered as holotype. Type locality: Tanzania, Tabora, 8°41’S / 32°21’E.</p><p>Ootheca punctata: Lectotype: female, “Muséum Paris, Mocambique, Vila Pery, 1929, P. Lesne / 5. Décembre / Type / V. Laboissière Dét: Ootheca punctata M. / AfriGa Specimen ID 872, specimen data documented 20.IX.2004 ” (MNHN; Fig. 16). This designation. Type locality: Mozambique, Vila Pery, 19°00’S / 33°30’E. Paralectotypes: 6 males, 6 females, “Museum Paris, Mozambique, Vila Pery, 1929, P. Lesne / 5. Décembre / Cotype / V. Laboissière det: Ootheca punctata W.” (MNHN). Designation of a lectotype is necessary to fix the name to a single specimen.</p><p>Additional material examined. Angola: 1 ex., Portug. Kongo, Tavares (MNHU); 2 ex., Angola, (BMNH); 4 ex., Chiloango, 5°10’S / 12°25’E, M. Tschoffen (IRSN); 2 ex., Malange, 8°50’S / 19° 50’E, Pogge (MNHU). Benin: 4 ex., Benin, 9°30’N / 2°15’E, Staudinger (MNHU); 1 ex., Dahomey, Le Moult vend. via Reinbek (ZMUH); 2 ex., Dahomey, ex coll. Weise (MNHU); 2 ex., Dahomey, coll. Madon (IRSN); 2 ex., Dahomey, Pouillon (MRAC); 6 ex., Zaguanado, coll. Clavareau (MRAC); 1 ex., Ketu, 7°22’N / 2°36’E, (MRAC); 11 ex., Agoue, 6°41’N / 1°41’E, 1879, Abbé Menager (1 ex. BMNH, 10 ex. ZMUH); 1 ex., Benin, 1952, R. Oberthur / G. Allard (MNHN). Cameroon: 2 ex. Njam Njam, Semnio, Bohndorff (MNHU); 1 ex., Njam (Njam), 5°25’S / 10°50’E, (MNHU); 17 ex., Joko, 5°32’N / 12°19’E, coll. Clavareau (MRAC); 8 ex., Joko (1 ex. MNHN, 7 ex. MNHU); 6 ex., Jaunde Stat., Zenker (MNHU); 1 ex., Jaunde Stat., Scheunemann (MNHU); 1 ex., Yaounde, 3°52’N / 11°31’E, V.1897, v. Carnap (MNHU); 1 ex., Bondaye, V.1914, (BMNH); 2 ex., Yaounde, X.1914, Tessmann (MNHU). Central African Republic: 2 ex., Fort Sibut, 5°44’N / 19°05’E, coll. Le Monit (IRSN); 2 ex., Fort Sibut, Le Moult vend. via Reinbek (ZMUH); 3 ex., Lesse, 3°53’N /18°35E, Bonnevie (MRAC); 10 ex., Quango, 4°19’N / 22°33’E, v. Merkow (MNHU); 3 ex., Bosum, 6°19’N / 16°23’E, V.1914, Tessmann (MNHU). Congo (Democratic Republic): 1 ex., Zambi, Ch. Haas (IRSN); 2 ex., Banziville, Hermans (IRSN); 4 ex., Albertville, 5°56’S / 29°12’E, J. Duvivier (IRSN); 1 ex., Boma Sundi, P.</p><p>Rolin (IRSN); 4 ex., Congo, Dannfelt (NHRS); 1 ex., Dundu upper, H. Barlow (BMNH); 1 ex., Kasai, 4°30’S / 22°E, L. Achten (MRAC); 10 ex., Kisantu, 4°38’S / 15°5’E, P. Goossens (MRAC); 1 ex., Mawambi, 1°4’N / 28°34’E (MNHU); 1 ex., Moliro, 8°13’S / 30°34’E, J. Duvivier (IRSN); 4 ex., P. N. G., 4°10’N / 29°30’E, P. Jolivet (IRSN); 24 ex., Region des Lacs, Dr. Sagona (20 ex. MRAC, 4 ex. ZMUH); 4 ex., Ibembo, Mt. Itimbini, 2°38’N / 23°37’E, III.–V., VIII.1890, J. Duvivier (MNHN); 4 ex., S. W. Albert-Nyanza, Bouenza, 4°20’S / 13°51’E, VIII. 1891, Stuhlmann (MNHU); 4 ex., Region de Sassa, 1895/1896, Colmant (MRAC); 1 ex., Beni-Bendi, Sankuru, 4°58’S / 23°27’E, I.1895, L. Cloetens (IRSN); 17 ex., Haut-Congo, 1897, Dr. Vedy (MRAC); 69 ex., Lukombe, 5°41’S / 28°46’E, X.1908, A. Koller (68 ex. MRAC, 1 ex. ZMUH); 1 ex., Bamba, 4°15’S / 18°12’E, III.1911, L. Burgeon (MRAC); 8 ex., Congo da Lemba, 6°50’S / 21°02’E, XII.1911, R. Mayne (MRAC); 8 ex., Itoka, 0°10’N / 23°23’E, X.1912, R. Mayne (MRAC); 3 ex., Etshushu, X.1912, R. Mayne (MRAC); 3 ex., Mondombe, 0°54’S / 22°48’E, X. 1912, R. Mayne (MRAC); 144 ex., Amadi, IV., V.1913, P. van den Plas (136 ex. MRAC, 8 ex. ZMUH); 2 ex., Tuku, 3°46’S / 23°53’E, III.1913, P. van den Plas (MRAC); 8 ex., Aba, Uele, 4° 09’N / 22°26’E, IV./ V.1914, Dr. Rodhain (MRAC); 1 ex., Amadi, 3°35’N / 26°47’E, VII.1914, Dr. Rodhain (MRAC); 1 ex., Caba, Uele, 4°09’N / 22°26’E, IV.1914, Dr. Rodhain (MRAC); 1 ex., Gomgura, Uele, 4°09’N / 22°26’E, 1914, Dr. Rodhain (MRAC); 5 ex., Lemfu, Bas Congo, 4°34’S / 18°18’E, XII.1914, P. de Beir (MRAC); 2 ex., Mangara, Uele, 4°9’N / 22°26’E, VII.1914, Dr. Rodhain (MRAC); 2 ex., Medje, Ituri, 2°25’N / 27°18’E, IV.1914, Dr. Christy (MRAC); 2 ex., Bokala, 2°03’N / 18°59’E, X.1915, R. Mayne (MRAC); 2 ex., Bokoro, 2°50’S / 18°23’E, III.1915, R. Mayne (MRAC); 60 ex., Mayumbe, 2°30’N / 27°37’E, XII.1915, XI./ XII.1916, R. Mayne (56 ex. MRAC, 4 ex. ZMUH); 1 ex., Kunzulu, 3°29’S / 16°09’E, IX.1917, R. Mayne (MRAC); 7 ex., Dungu, 4°41’S / 19°30’E, 1919/1920, P. van den Plas (MRAC); 21 ex., Kikwit, 5°20’S / 18°49’E, XII.1920, P. Vanderijst (MRAC); 4 ex., Leverville, 4°50’S / 18°44’E, 1920, P. Vanderijst (MRAC); 3 ex., Besongo, 5°21’S / 25°12’E, X.1921, L. Achten (MRAC); 10 ex., Maniema, 1°11’S / 28°37’E, 1921, Blommaert (MRAC); 4 ex., Mongende, IV.1921, Dr. H. Schoutenden (MRAC); 4 ex., Ipamu, 4°09’S / 19°38’E, 1922, P. Vanderijst (MRAC); 5 ex., Luebo, Kasai, 5°21’S / 21°25’E, XI. 1922, G. Babault (MRAC); 8 ex., Moto, 2°27’N / 26°25’E, II.1922, L. Burgeon, Le Moult vend. via Reinbek (ZMUH); 77 ex., Moto, XII.1922, 1923, L. Burgeon (MRAC); 23 ex., Watsa, 3°03’N / 29°32’E, 1922, L. Burgeon (MRAC); 1 ex., Haut-Uele, 2°46’N / 27°37’E, 1923, L. Burgeon (MRAC); 2 ex., Mayumbe, 2°30’N / 27°37’E, X./ XI.1923, A. Collart (MRAC); 2 ex., Katanga, Kasinga, 6°20’S / 26°59’E, II.1925, Ch. Seydel (MRAC); 3 ex., Kasai, V. 1924, XII.1925, van Heetnelde (MRAC); 68 ex., Abimva, Haut-Uele, 2°46’N / 27°37’E, VI./ VII.1925, L. Burgeon (MRAC); 12 ex., Bas-Uele, Buta, 2°48’N / 24°44’E, 1926, R. Joseph (MRAC); 2 ex., Ile Bertha, 0°34’N / 24°56’E, I.1926, Ghesquiere (MRAC); 1 ex., Yebo Moto, Haut-Uele, 2°46’N / 24°28’E, IX.1926, L. Burgeon (MRAC); 1 ex., Bambesa, 3°28’N / 25°43’E, II.1927, J. Vrydagh (MRAC); 1 ex., Leverville, 1928, Mme. Tinant (MRAC); 2 ex., Stanleyville, 2°30’N /27°E, VII.1928, A. Collart (IRSN); 24 ex., Lusuku, Lomami, 7°20’S / 23°52’E, XI.1930, P. Quarre (MRAC); 9 ex., Julu sur Lua (Ubangi), 3°15’N / 19°46’E, 1931, M. van Gils (MRAC); 532 ex., Kaniama, 7°31’S / 24°11’E, 1931, Massart (MRAC); 1 ex., Lemfu, Bas Congo, 4°34’S / 18°18’E, 1931, P. van Eyen (MRAC); 6 ex., Kafakumba, 9°41’S / 23°44’E, 1931–1933, G. F. Overlaet (MRAC); 284 ex., Kapanga, 8°21’S / 22°35’E, 1931–1933, G. F. Overlaet (MRAC); 50 ex., Dingila, Uele, 3°39’N / 26°40’E, VI.–VIII.1933, J. Leroy / H. J. Bredo (MRAC); 1 ex., Katanga, Luashi, 10°56’S / 23°37’E, XII.1933, F. Freyne (MRAC); 2 ex., Tshibakala, 8°32’S / 23°13’E, X.1933, G. F. Overlaet (MRAC); 14 ex., Tshibamba, 8°15’S / 24°22’E, XI.1932, II.1933, G. F. Overlaet (MRAC); 21 ex., Bambesa, I.1934, H. J. Bredo (MRAC); 2 ex., Lukolela, 5°23’S / 24°32’E, XI. 1934, Dr. Ledoux (MRAC); 9 ex., Bambesa, X.1933, VIII.1938, J. Leroy (MRAC); 29 ex., Gandajika, XI.1934, I. 1935, Mme. Soyer (MRAC); 14 ex., Eq. Bombona, 2°25’N / 18°54’E, V., VIII.1935, A. Bal (MRAC); 9 ex., Congo-Ubangi, Kogbwa, 3°15’N / 19°46’E, VII.1935, G. Settembrino (IRSN); 6 ex., Kibali-Ituri, Abock, 1°34’N / 30°15’E, X.1935, Ch. Scops (MRAC); 1ex., Kibali-Ituri, Geti, 1°13’N / 30°12’E, 1935, Ch. Scops (MRAC); 5 ex., Kibali-Ituri, Niarembe, 2°15’N / 31°7’E, 1935, Ch. Scops (MRAC); 56 ex., Mahagi-Niarembe, 2°15’N / 31°7’E, V., XII. 1935, Ch. Scops (MRAC); 53 ex. Ituri, Akini, 1°34’N / 30°15’E, V.1936, Dr. Pasteels (MRAC); 1 ex., Luluaberg, 5°54’S / 22°25’E, 1936, Puissant (MRAC); 4 ex., Wamba, 1936, Dr. Degotte (MRAC); 1 ex., Gemena, 3°15’N / 19°46’E, 1937, C. Leontovitch (MRAC); 2021 ex. Bambesa, 1937, J. Vrydagh (1203 ex. IRSN, 818 ex. MRAC); 14 ex., Karawa, 3°20’N / 20°18’E, 1937, Wallin (MRAC); 5 ex., Karawa, 1937, C. Leontovitch (MRAC); 5 ex., Matadi, 6°6’S / 23°02’E, II./ III.1937, Dr. Dartevelle (MRAC); 1 ex., Mpese, 5°14’S / 15°33’E, III.1937, J. Cooreman (IRSN); 71 ex., Bambesa, 1938, J. Vrydagh (43 ex. IRSN, 28 ex. MRAC); 10 ex., Elisabethville, 11°40’S / 27°28’E, XII.1938, H. J. Bredo (IRSN); 22 ex., Libenge, 3°39’N / 18°38’E, VI.1936 / VI.1937 / V.1938 C. Leontovitch (MRAC); 3 ex., Mongbwala (Kilo), 1938, Mme. Scheitz (MRAC); 3 ex., Uele, 4°9’N / 22°26’E, X.1938, R. van den Veen (NNML); 50 ex., Bambesa, V.1938, V., VI.1939, P. Henrard (MRAC); 8 ex., Yangambi, 0°47’N / 24°28’E, 1938/1939, P. Henrard (MRAC); 362 ex., Bambesa, VI.1939, J. Vrydagh (7 ex. IRSN, 355 ex. MRAC); 25 ex., Lokandu (Biawa), XII.1939, Vissers (MRAC); 21 ex., Mayidi, 5°11’S / 15°9’E, 1942, P. van Eyen (MRAC); 1 ex., Libenge, Mission Mawuja, 3°39’N / 18°38’E, X.1947, R. Cremer/M. Neumann (IRSN); 1 ex., Motenge-Boma, 3°15’N 18°39’E, X.1947, R. Cremer/ M. Neumann (IRSN); 29 ex., Gandajika, 6°45’S / 23°57’E, XI.1948, III.1949, P. de Francquen (MRAC); 441 ex., P. N. G., 4°10’N / 29°30’E, 1950, VII., VIII.1951, V.–IX.1952, Miss. H. de Saeger (IRSN); 352 ex., Gandajika, X.– XII.1950, 1952 P. de Francquen (108 ex. IRSN, 244 ex. MRAC); 14 ex., Kabinda, Kaniama, 7°31’S / 24°11’E, XI. 1952, J. Vekemans (MRAC); 2 ex., Mt.Embe, 4°40’N / 29°32’E, IV.1952, H. De Saeger (IRSN); 1 ex., Yangambi, VII.1952, P. Basilewsky (MRAC); 1 ex., Yangambi, VII. 1952, J. Decelle (MRAC); 48 ex., Bambesa, V.1953, INEAC (MRAC); 21 ex., Bokalakala, 2°08’S / 16°22’E, 1954, R. C. Eloy (MRAC); 2 ex., Nagero, 3°45’N / 29°31’E, XI.1954, C. Nebay (IRSN); 39 ex., Tshuapa, Ikela, 0°13’S / 20°52’E, 1955/1956, P. Lootens (MRAC); 6 ex., Tshuapa, Ikela, 1956, R. Deguide (MRAC); 3 ex., Kaniama, 7°31’S / 24°11’E, XI. 1959, J. Vekemans (MRAC); 7 ex., Kaniama, Kabinda, II.1959, P. Henrard (MRAC); 10 ex., Terr. de Kasongo, Riv. Pongo, X.1959, G. Benoit (IRSN); 5 ex., Thysville, 5°15’S / 14°52’E, 1959/1963, Michaux (MRAC); 1 ex., Mambasa, 1°21’N / 29°3’E, IV.1971 J. Tavernies (MRAC). Congo (Republic): 5 ex., N’sesse par Loango, 4°38’S / 11°48’E, coll. E. Cordier (IRSN); 3 ex., Franz. Congo (IRSN). Gabon: 2 ex., Gabon, ex coll. Breuning (MRAC); 3 ex., Gabon, coll. Duvivier (1 ex. IRSN; 2 ex. MNHN); 1 ex., Gabon, Alte Sammlung (MNHU). Gambia: 5 ex., Yundum, 13°22’N / 16°39’W, VIII.1956, C. R. Wallace (BMNH); 4 ex., Gambia, 1965, (BMNH). Ghana: 1 ex., Ashanti, 6° 45’N / 1°30’W, Le Moult vend. via Reinbek (ZMUH); 21 ex., Ashanti, Simon, ex coll. J. Weise (MNHU); 5 ex., Gold Coast (BMNH); 2 ex., Takoradi, 4°33’N / 1°27’W, Besnard, ex coll. Breuning (MRAC); 3 ex., Tamsoo, 5°16’N / 2°1’W, (BMNH); 4 ex., Aburi, 5°51’N / 0°11’W, L. Armstrong (BMNH); 14 ex., Aburi, 1912/1913, Mrs. W. H. Patterson (BMNH); 1 ex., Aburi, 1913, A. R. Gould (BMNH); 314 ex., Accra, 5°45’N /0°00’, IX.–X.1920, Mrs. W. H. Patterson (BMNH). Guinea: 8 ex., Guinea, Alte Sammlung (MNHU); 2 ex., Guinee, Fairmaire, coll. Clavareau (MRAC); 23 ex., Asente Akem, Junod, coll. Clavareau (MRAC); 8 ex., Kindia, 10°5’N / 12°48’W, 1964/1965, J. Dedycker (MRAC). Guinea Bissau: 1 ex., Garenganze, Port. W. Africa (BMNH); 1 ex., Bolama, 11°35’N / 15°28’W, XII.1899, L. Fea (ZMUH). Ivory Coast: 1 ex., Asenie? Akem, 6°45’N / 1°30’W (MNHU); 9 ex., Haut-Sassandra, 5°20’N / 6°10’W, 1910, A. Chevalier (MNHN); 1 ex., Mankono, 8°27’N / 6°52’W, 1910, A. Chevalier (MNHN); 2 ex., Kossou, 7°10’N / 5°29’W, VIII.1975, R. Jocqué (MRAC). Kenya: 1 ex., Maragoli, 0°06’N / 34°43’E, X.1924, Dr. van Someren (MRAC); 2 ex., Arabuko Foret, 3°20’S / 39°52’E, VI.1940, T. H. E. Jackson (NMK); 8 ex., Emali Range, 2°50’S / 37°28’E, III.1940, Sultan Hamud (NMK); 8 ex., Aheru Kisumu, 0°06’S / 34°45’E, IV.1941, E. Opiko (NMK); 1 ex., Diani Beach, 4°18’S / 39°35’E, V.1957, Krauss (BMNH); 4 ex., Mbita Point, 0°25’S / 34°12’E, V.1980, D. Furth (NMK); 7 ex., I.C.I.P.E., V.1981 (NMK). Liberia: 21 ex., Suakoko, 6°59’N / 9°35’W, V./ VI.1953, C.C. Blickenstaff (UMNH). Malawi: 1 ex., Nyasaland: Zomba, 15°10’S / 35°30’E, H. S. Stannus (BMNH); 2 ex., Chisasira, Chintheche, 11°50’S / 34°10’E, XI.1917, R. Jocqué (MRAC); 1 ex., Central Region, I.1970 (BMNH). Mali: 3 ex., Mali, 1969/1970, G. Pierrard (MRAC). – Mocambique: 3 ex., Chupanga, 18°3’S / 35°37’E, S. Tavares (MNHU); 1 ex., Zambesi, 18°50’S / 36°17’E, Le Moult vend. via Reinbek (ZMUH); 3 ex., Vallee du Pungoue Guengere, I. 1906, G. Vasse (MNHN); 4 ex., Chibababa, Lower Buzi R., XII.1906, C. F. M. Swynnerton (BMNH). Nigeria: 2 ex., Lokoja, 7°48’N / 6°44’E, L. M. Bucknill (BMNH); 11 ex., Old Calabar, 4°57’N / 8°19’E (8 ex. BMNH, 3 ex. NHRS); 2 ex., Nigeria, A. W. J. Pomeroy (BMNH); 1 ex., Kontagora, 10°24’N / 5°28’E, IX.1910, J. J. Simpson (BMNH); 53 ex., Minna, 9°36’N / 6°33’E, X. 1910, J. J. Simpson (BMNH); 4 ex. Ibadan, 7°23’N / 3°53’E, VII.1913, Dr. W. A. Lamborn (BMNH); 4 ex., Lagos, 6°27’N / 3°24’E, VII.1949, W. E. S. Merret (BMNH); 19 ex., Vieux Calabar, 4°57’N / 8°19’E, 1952, R. Oberthur/G. Allard (MNHN); 12 ex., Apeji, 6°58’N / 4°07’E, III.–V.1952, U. C. Ibadan (BMNH); 7 ex., Kano Dist., 11°30’N / 8°30’E, VII.1953, W. E. S. Merret (BMNH); 9 ex., Jos, 9°55’N / 8°54’E, 1964/1967, E. Bolt Gwong (MRAC); 1 ex., Samaru, 11°10’N / 7°38’E, VIII.1969, S. A. Ogidi (BMNH); 1 ex., Samaru, VII.1970, P. H. Ward (BMNH); 3 ex., Minna, VIII.1975, W. Bogutko (MIZT). Senegal: 1 ex., Senegal, L. Burgeon (MRAC); 1 ex., Senegal, (BMNH); 1 ex., Kari, 13°54’N / 14°57’W, VII.1913, C. Fouquet (MRAC); 1 ex., Senegal, VIII.1951, J. Appert (BMNH). Sierra Leone: 4 ex., Sierra Leone, 5°00’N /10°W, Fry Coll. (BMNH); 1 ex., Mayamba, 9°2’N / 12°36’W, coll. E. Cordier, Le Moult vend. via Reinbek (ZMUH); 1 ex., Rhobomp, Fairmaire, coll. Clavareau (MRAC); 2 ex., Rhobomp, Baly Coll. (BMNH); 1 ex., Sierra Leone (MNHU); 2 ex., Sierra Leone, ex coll. Weise (MNHU); 1 ex., Sierra Leone, coll. Clavareau (MRAC); 42 ex., Juring, 7°0’N / 11°32’W, II.1891, A. F. Demery (NNML); 2 ex., Port Lokko, 8°46’N / 12°47’W, VIII.1925, E. Hargreaves (BMNH); 1 ex. Njala, IX. 1935, E. Hargreaves (BMNH). South Africa: 2 ex., Natal, 29°51’S / 31°1’E, (MNHU); 2 ex., Natal, Le Moult vend. via Reinbek (ZMUH); 1 ex., Transvaal, Sheba, 25°43’S / 31°10’E, II. 1918, (BMNH); 2 ex., Tzaneen TP, 23°50’S / 30°10’E, II.1932, van Velden (BMNH); 2 ex., Natal, 1952, R. Oberthur / G. Allard (MNHN). Sudan: 3 ex., Singbi, Sudan (BMNH); 2 ex., Torit, 4°25’N / 32°34’E, VIII.1962, (BMNH). Tanzania: 1 ex., Ugogo, 6°07’S / 35°30’E, v. Beringer &amp; Jost (MNHU); 4 ex., Derema (Forest), 5°38’S / 37°30’E, XI.1899, L. Conradt (MNHU); 2 ex., Irangi, 8°48’S / 35°39’E, I.1912, E. Obst (MNHU); 1 ex., Singida, 4°49’S / 34°45’E, E. Burtt (BMNH); 1 ex. Moshi, 3°21’S / 37°20’E, IV.1957, P. Basilewsky / N. Leleup (MRAC). Togo: 3 ex., Bobo in Togo, Miss. de Witte (IRSN); 189 ex., Togo, Miss. de Witte (IRSN); 4 ex., Bonoin?, Togo, Le Moult vend. via Reinbek (ZMUH); 1 ex., Misahöhe, 6°59’N / 0°40’E, G. Smend (MNHU); 36 ex., Togo, Spemann, coll. Clavareau (MRAC); 7 ex., Togo, L.Conradt, coll. Kraatz (DEI); 2 ex., Togo, Dr. Schulz, ex coll. J. Weise (MNHU); 4 ex., Amedzowe, J. Weise (MNHU); 1 ex., Sokodé Basari, F. Schröder (MNHU); 1 ex., Bismarckburg, 8°11’N / 0°41’E, VIII.1891, R. Büttner (MNHU); 3 ex., zw. Klein-Popo u. Bismarckburg, VIII.1892, L. Conradt (MNHU); 29 ex., Bismarckburg, VIII.1892, III.–V.1893, L. Conradt (MNHU); 39 ex., Misahöhe, IV.–VI.1894, E. Baumanns (MNHU); 6 ex., Yob, V.1963, Mme. Y. Schach (MRAC). Uganda: 2 ex., Sesse Ins., 0°20’N / 32°15’E, (MNHU); 9 ex., Albertsee, 1°40’N / 31°00’E, IV.1908, Exp. Herzog A. F. z. Mecklenburg (MNHU); 4 ex., Busso Busoga, 0°45’N / 33°30’E, 1909, Dr. E. Bayon, Le Moult vend. via Reinbek (ZMUH); 1 ex., Uganda, Le Moult vend. via Reinbek, (ZMUH); 1 ex., Brit. E. Africa, coll. Clavareau (MRAC); 6 ex., Dwoli, IV.1927, H. Hargreaves (1 ex. BMNH, 5 ex. ZMUH); 1 ex., Vukula, 0°57’N / 33°36’E, V.1930, R. T. Wickham (NMK); 4 ex., Kampala, 0°19’N / 32°35’E, IV.1930, H. Hargreaves (BMNH); 1 ex., Kampala, IV.1948, A. F. Gedye (NMK); 6 ex., Budongo Forest, 1°45’N / 31°35’E, VII.1995, Th. Wagner (ZFMK). Zambia: 1 ex., N. Rhodesia, 1912, Dr. Lloyd (BMNH). Zimbabwe: 5 ex., Salisbury, 17°50’S / 31°03’E, XII.1894, G. A. K. Marshall (BMNH).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EA500AFF81C95F84F1FF77FE90DEEE	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Kortenhaus, Sabine;Wagner, Thomas	Kortenhaus, Sabine, Wagner, Thomas (2010): Revision of Ootheca Chevrolat, 1837 from tropical Africa — redescriptions, descriptions of new species and identification key (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae, Galerucinae). Zootaxa 2659: 1-52, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.276235
03EA500AFF89C94384F1FAA6FC49DE7A.text	03EA500AFF89C94384F1FAA6FC49DE7A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ootheca proteus (Chapuis 1879) Chapuis 1879	<div><p>Ootheca proteus (Chapuis, 1879)</p><p>(Figs 17–23)</p><p>Ergana proteus Chapuis, 1879: 28 .</p><p>= Ootheca bifrons Laboissière, 1925: in litteris = Ergana bifrons Laboissière, 1937: 150; syn. nov.</p><p>Total length. 4.60–7.65 mm (mean: 5.98 mm; n = 15; Fig. 17).</p><p>Head. Brownish, all shades from yellowish to dark brown, or black. Antennae yellowish-brown at base, fifth to terminal antennomeres brown to black; length ratios, second to third antennomere 0.50–0.71 (mean: 0.59); third to fourth antennal antennomere 0.71–1.00 (mean: 0.88; Fig. 18). Maximal width of eye to minimal distance between eyes ratio 0.45–0.57 (mean: 0.51).</p><p>Thorax. Yellowish-brown, dark brown or black. Pronotum finely punctuated, latero-basal curved pronotal impression distinct in most specimens; width 2.00– 3.15 mm (mean: 2.58 mm), length 1.15–1.65 mm (mean: 1.44 mm), width to length ratio 1.65–1.91 (mean: 1.80). About 50 % of specimens examined with yellow to yellowish-brown elytra with dark brown to black sutural band, more or less broad usually narrowing gradually towards apex, some of these specimens with additional narrow black sublateral elytral stripe (Fig. 19). Pronotum of specimens displaying this stripe either brown or black with yellowish lateral margins. About 35 % of specimens have completely dark brown to black elytra and 15 % possess elytra in various shades of brown. Elytra irregularly and more coarsely punctuated than pronotum; length 3.60–5.80 mm (mean: 4.72 mm); maximal width of elytra together 2.90–4.20 mm (mean: 3.67 mm); ratio of maximal elytral width together to length 0.71–0.83 (mean: 0.77). Scutellum yellowish-brown to black. Legs same colour as pro-, meso- and metathorax of the respective specimens, or unicolourous dark brown or black; length ratio of basimetatarsus to metatibia 0.19–0.26 (mean: 0.21).</p><p>Abdomen. Brownish to black as thorax.</p><p>Male genitalia. Median lobe slightly conical and ventrally curved towards apex, deeply incised apically (Fig. 20). Tectum consisting of two symmetrical ventrally curved tectorial spurs slightly shorter than median lobe, bases cover endophallic brush and apices sharply pointed. Endophallic brush with two dorsally curved spines.</p><p>Diagnosis. Specimens having unicolourous yellowish-brown or dark brown to black elytra, comprise about half of the material examined, and are most similar to O. bennigseni and O. meridiana . It is not possible to distinguish these three species by external characters. They are most likely sister-species, since male genitalic patterns also show many similarities, but can be differentiated by the much deeper apical incision of the median lobe and a variation in the tectorial spurs and endophallus. Similar, and also with strong overlap in many external characters, is O. mutabilis with a relatively shorter second antennomere (length ratio of second to third antennomere 0.60–0.80; O. proteus 0.50–0.71), and O. orientalis with lateral pronotal margins usually curved to a lesser extent. However, most specimens cannot be reliably identified by external characters. Specimens with dark brown to black elytral suture, as the type specimens of Ergana bifrons (Fig. 23), resemble O. julianae sp. n. (Fig. 66), which is on average smaller (total length 3.72–4.96 mm; O. proteus 4.60–7.75 mm) has much larger eyes (ratio of maximum width of eye to minimal distance between eyes 0.59– 0.69; O. proteus 0.45–0.57) and usually also has broad black elytral outer margins. Ootheca proteus with sutural stripes are very similar in size and elytral colouration to O. ugandae sp. n. The only external species specific character is the anterior pronotal angles, which protrude significantly in O. ugandae sp. n. but are more rounded in O. proteus (as in O. bennigseni). Furthermore, O. variabilis and O. julianae sp. n. possess similar colouration, but they are on average smaller. Definite allocation to species, without dissection of the male genitalia, is often not possible.</p><p>Distribution. Most specimens are from the area along the Albertine Rift known as Kivu, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Uganda and western Kenya, with single records from up to Nigeria in the west, the Ethiopian Highlands in the North and Malawi in the South (Fig. 21).</p><p>Type material examined. Ergana proteus: Lectotype: female “Bogos, 1870, Keren, O. Beccari / Syntypus Ergana proteus Chapuis, 1879 / Museo Civico di Genova / AfriGa Specimen ID 888, specimen data documented 7.IV.2004 ” (MCGD; Fig. 22). This designation. Type locality: Ethiopia, Keren.</p><p>Paralectotypes: 4 females, same data as lectotype (1 ex. BMNH, 3 ex. MCGD). Chapuis mentioned five different variation types according to the dorsal colouration and different colouration of tibae and tarsi. Four variations refer to entirely yellowish specimens, and the fifth is a specimen with black elytra. This type series is representative of nearly the entire colour spectrum for the species. Designation of a lectotype is necessary to fix the name to a single specimen.</p><p>Ergana bifrons: Lectotype: female “ Uganda Bussu Busoga 1909 D.re. E. Bayon / Type / Ergana bifrons m. V. Laboissière – Dét. / Mus. Civ. Genova / AfriGa Specimen ID 881, specimen data documented 7.IV. 2004 ” (MCGD; Fig. 23). This designation. Type locality: Uganda, Busoga, 0°45’N / 33°30’E.</p><p>Paralectotypes: 4 ex., same data as lectotype (MCGD); 2 females “Entebbe, Uganda, 29.III.1913, No. 2290, C. C. Gowdey / Type / Type female / Pres. by Imp. Inst. Ent. Brit. Mus. 1932–295 / Ergana (subg. Ootheca) bifrons m. V. Laboissière – Dét.” (BMNH). Laboissière mentioned seven specimens in his original publication, and a lectotype is herein designated to fix the name to a single specimen.</p><p>Ootheca bifrons: 1 female, “Entebbe, Uganda, 30.III.1913, C. C.Gowdey, No.2290 / Pres. By Imp. Bur. Ent. Brit. Mus. 1925-91. / Type / V. Laboissière det. 1925: Ootheca bifrons m”. Type locality: Uganda, 0°4’N / 32°28’E. This specimen was obviously labelled by Laboissière some years before he described the epithet in combination with Ergana .</p><p>Additional material examined. Congo (Democratic Republic): 3 ex., Abimva, Haut Uele, 2°46’N / 27°37’E, VI.1925, L. Burgeon (MRAC); 1 ex., Sandoa, 9°41’S / 22°52’E, XI.1931, G. F. Overlaet (MRAC); 2 ex., Kibali-Ituri, Niarembe, 2°15’N / 31°07’E, XI.1935, Ch. Scops (MRAC); 2 ex., Ituri, Akini, N. Aru, 1°34’N / 30°15’E, V.1936, Dr. Pasteels (MRAC); 1 ex., Mt. Embe, P. N. G., 4°40’N / 29°32’E, IV.1952, H. de Saeger (IRSN); 7 ex., Inimvua, P. N. G., V.1952, H. de Saeger (IRSN). Ethiopia: 1 ex. Abyssin., Steudner (MNHU); 5 ex., Abyssinia, 1876, (BMNH); 2 ex. Shoa-Prov., Gibbie Gorge, 9°00’N / 39°00’E, VII.1971, G. de Rougemont (MRAC). Kenya: 1 ex., Nyangori, N-Kavirondo, 4800 ft, 0°04’N / 34°48’E, V.1911, S. A. Neave (BMNH); 1 ex., Kaimosi, 0°8’N / 34°56’E, 1932, A. Turner (NMK); 5 ex. Kisumu, 0°06’S / 34°45’E, III.1936, H. J. A. Turner (NMK). Malawi: 2 ex., Zomba, 15°23’S / 35°20’E, IX.1995, coll. Chikaonda (BMNH). Nigeria: 2 ex., Minna, 9°37’N / 6°33’E, X.1910, J. J. Simpson (BMNH); 2 ex., Jos, 9°55’N / 8°54’E, 1965/ 1968, E. Bot Gwong (MRAC). Sudan: 1 ex., Kadugli, 11°1’N / 29°43’E, VII.1962, (BMNH). Tanzania: 1 ex., Mwamgongo, 4°40’S / 29°35’E, XI.1943, Meneghetti (NMK). Uganda: 1 ex., Uganda, Fry coll. (BMHN); 1 ex., Buera, IV.1910, C. C. Gowdey (BMNH); 1 ex, West-Nile near river, IX.1925, Dr. G. D. H. Carpenter (BMNH); 4 ex., Karamoja, 2°45’N / 34°15’E, IV.1950, T. H. E. Jackson (NMK); 2 ex., Karamoja, Labwor Hills, Aremo, 2°35’N / 33°47’E, IV.1951, T. H. E. Jackson (NMK).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EA500AFF89C94384F1FAA6FC49DE7A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Kortenhaus, Sabine;Wagner, Thomas	Kortenhaus, Sabine, Wagner, Thomas (2010): Revision of Ootheca Chevrolat, 1837 from tropical Africa — redescriptions, descriptions of new species and identification key (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae, Galerucinae). Zootaxa 2659: 1-52, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.276235
03EA500AFF95C94684F1FB05FE1EDAD1.text	03EA500AFF95C94684F1FB05FE1EDAD1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ootheca chapuisi (Jacoby 1899) Jacoby 1899	<div><p>Ootheca chapuisi (Jacoby, 1899)</p><p>(Figs 24–28)</p><p>Ergana chapuisi Jacoby, 1899: 366 .</p><p>Total length. 3.64–5.04 mm (mean: 4.19 mm, n = 10; Fig. 24).</p><p>Head. Yellowish- to reddish-brown. Antennae slightly paler, usually yellow basally, becoming darker brown from the fifth antennomere towards the apex; length ratio of second to third antennomere 0.60–0.91 (mean: 0.77); third to fourth antennomere 0.79–1.00 (mean: 0.93; Fig. 25). Maximal width of eye to minimal distance between eyes ratio 0.50–0.57 (mean: 0.53).</p><p>Thorax. Prothorax yellowish- to reddish-brown. Pronotum finely punctuated, latero-basal pronotal impression indistinct or lacking; width 1.52–2.00 mm (mean: 1.72 mm); length 0.96–1.28 mm (mean: 1.07 mm); slender, width to length ratio 1.50–1.68 (mean: 1.60). Elytra black, rarely with insignificant metallic blueish sheen, outer margin and epipleura sometimes lighter reddish-brown; much more coarsely punctuated than pronotum, the sutural punctures seriate giving the median third of the elytra a striped appearance; length 2.80–3.80 mm (mean: 3.26 mm), elytra nearly parallel-sided and slender, maximal width of elytra together 2.24–3.04 mm (mean: 2.64 mm); maximal width of elytra together to length of elytron ratio 0.72–0.86 (mean: 0.81). Scutellum reddish-brown to black. Meso- and metathorax dark brown. Legs dark brown to black, femoral apex, tibial base and three distal tarsomeres paler brownish-red; length ratio of basimetatarsus to metatibia 0.21–0.27 (mean: 0.22).</p><p>Abdomen. Reddish-brown, in contrast with much darker metasternum.</p><p>Male genitalia. The median lobe curved ventrally, becoming flatter towards non-incisedapex,. Tectum consists of two long, slender spurs, which nearly reach the apex of the median lobe, their tips crossing in the distal third and ventrally curved. Endophallus with two very slender dorsally curved spines. Basal part of endophallus short, trapezoidal in dorsal view (Fig. 26).</p><p>Diagnosis. Ootheca chapuisi is the smallest species of this group and can be effectively distinguished from most other species purely by size, the coarse and partly seriate elytral punctuation, and the contrast between the dark brown metasternum to the reddish-brown abdomen. Only O. frontalis also displays seriate elytral punctuation, but is larger (total length 4.70–5.95 mm; O. chapuisi 3.64–5.04 mm). Males longer than 4.50 mm should be identified by genitalic dissection. Of similar size is O. julianae sp. n. that has brownishyellow elytra, usually with darker brown sutural and outer margins, and much finer punctuation. Some specimens of O. kibonotensis are of similar size and colouration as O. chapuisi, but posses a unicolourous, reddish-brown underside and a much finer elytral punctuation.</p><p>Distribution. Only known from some sites in south-eastern Democratic Republic of Congo along the western slopes of the Albertine Rift (Fig. 27).</p><p>Type material examined. Lectotype: female “Musée du Congo Moliro (J. Duvivier) Coll. Clavareau / Moliro J. Duvivier / Ergana Chapuisi Type Jac. / Type / AfriGa Specimen ID 883, specimen data documented 1.VI.2004 ” (MRAC; Fig. 28). This designation. Type locality: Congo, 8°13’S / 30°34’E.</p><p>Paralectotypes: 6 ex., “Moliro (J. Duvivier), Coll. Clavareau / Moliro, J. Duvivier” (2 ex. BMNH, 4 ex. MRAC). Jacoby mentioned two specimens in his original publication, but there are seven specimens from the type locality (all with the same label) available. A lectotype is herein designated to fix the name to a single specimen.</p><p>Additional material. Congo (Democratic Republic): 2 ex., Kankunda s. affl. r. dr. Lufira (1300 m), 6°38’S / 25°55’E, XI.1947, Miss. G. F. de Witte (MRAC); 2 ex., R. Kateko s. affl. Lufira (960 m), XII.1947, Miss. G. F. de Witte (MRAC).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EA500AFF95C94684F1FB05FE1EDAD1	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Kortenhaus, Sabine;Wagner, Thomas	Kortenhaus, Sabine, Wagner, Thomas (2010): Revision of Ootheca Chevrolat, 1837 from tropical Africa — redescriptions, descriptions of new species and identification key (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae, Galerucinae). Zootaxa 2659: 1-52, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.276235
03EA500AFF90C94A84F1FEFAFAA8DB41.text	03EA500AFF90C94A84F1FEFAFAA8DB41.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ootheca orientalis Weise 1900	<div><p>Ootheca orientalis Weise, 1900</p><p>(Figs 29–34)</p><p>Ootheca orientalis Weise, 1900: 453 .</p><p>= Ootheca flavipes Laboissière, in litteris.</p><p>Total length. 4.20–6.55 mm (mean: 5.08 mm; n = 21; Fig. 29).</p><p>Head. All variations of brown from pale or nearly red to black. Antennae pale yellow with apical antennomeres brownish, in most specimens yellow basally with six to eight terminal antennomeres brownish to black, or in specimens with black head entirely dark brown; length ratios: second to third antennomere 0.50–0.80 (mean: 0.64); third to fourth antennomere 0.63–0.88 (mean: 0.76; Fig. 30). Maximum width of eye to minimal distance between eyes ratio 0.44–0.82 (mean: 0.56).</p><p>Thorax. Completely yellowish- to reddish-brown to black. Pronotum very finely punctuated, latero-basal impression often barely visible; width 1.65–2.75 mm (mean: 2.05 mm), length 1.00– 1.60 mm (mean: 1.20 mm), pronotal width to length ratio 1.38–1.90 (mean: 1.72). Elytral colouration very variable: specimens with black head and prothorax have also black elytra, i.e. completely black (20% of material examined); 10 % entirely yellowish or brownish; about 40% of the specimens have yellowish head and prothorax and black elytra, further 3% pale yellow to light reddish-yellow elytra with broad black base where the black colouration extends to the elytral apex along outer margins (Fig. 31) and to a lesser extent along suture; finely and irregularly punctuated, punctuation more distinct than on pronotum; length 3.45–5.30 mm (mean: 4.16 mm); maximal width of elytra together 2.40–4.40 mm (mean: 3.29 mm); maximal width of elytra together to length of elytron 0.67–0.88 (mean: 0.79). Scutellum yellowish- to reddish-brown. Meso-, metathorax and legs yellowish- to reddish-brown, distal two thirds of tibiae usually darker brown. Length ratio of basi-metatarsus to metatibia 0.17–0.33 (mean: 0.24).</p><p>Abdomen. Yellowish-brown to brown; dark brown to black in some specimens with black dorsum.</p><p>Male genitalia. Basal half of median lobe very broad, with large orifice, apical half more slender, subconical with slightly protrudent tip, not incised apically (Fig. 32). In lateral view slightly curved with apical quarter distinctly flattened. Tectum unobstrusive, consisting of symmetrically arranged pair of slightly curved and apically hooked tectorial spurs. Endophallus very short and broad basally, asymmetrical, two robust spiculae differing in size and position and completely covered by median lobe.</p><p>Diagnosis. Ootheca orientalis is highly polychromatic. Only specimens with bicolourus elytra can relatively easily be assigned to this species. This pattern only also occurs in O. mutabilis, but the latter is on average slightly larger and has more coarsely punctuated elytra. Completely black specimens are only known from this species, with a few exceptions. However, specimens with other colour patterns cannot be distinguished from specimens of more abundant species by external characters alone. Ootheca bennigseni (4.75–6.76 mm) and O. mutabilis (4.75–6.30 mm) are on average larger than O. orientalis (4.20–6.55 mm). The humeri of O. orientalis appear to be more distinct and the body shape is more ovate, while O. mutabilis and O. bennigseni are almost parallel sided. However, in many cases only examination of the median lobe allows a reliable identification to species as stated by Weise (1900). The asymmetrical arrangement of the endophallic spiculae is a species specific character and unique in Ootheca . Small specimens resemble O. chapuisi and O. frontalis, which can be both distinguished by their much coarser, seriate elytral punctuation and the darker brown meso- and metasternum contrasting with the reddish-brown abdomen.</p><p>Distribution. Most known specimens were collected along the Albertine Rift, in eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, Uganda, southern Kenya and Tanzania, but a few single records cover a larger area from Ghana in the West to Zimbabwe in the South (Fig. 33).</p><p>Host plants and biology. Some specimens were collected feeding on Fabaceae, like the indigenous Erythrina abyssinica, and “haricots” (green beans).</p><p>Type material examined. Ootheca orientalis: Lectotytpe, male “Afr. Or Bennigs. / Type / Ootheca orientalis m. / AfriGa Specimen ID 871, specimen data documented 13.XII. 2006 ” (MNHU; Fig. 34). This designation. Type locality with reference to the original publication “Zansibar, Usambara”. Paralectotypes: 2 females, same first label as lectotype, additional with “ orientalis ” or “ex coll. J. Weise” (MNHU). A lectotype is herein designated to fix the name to a single specimen.</p><p>Ootheca flavipes: 1 ex., Type: female, “Kapiri, XII.1912, Miss. Agric., Musée du Congo, R. Det. 4420, V. Laboissière det. Ootheca flavipes ” (MRAC); 1 ex., Type: male, “Kapiri, XII.1912, Miss. Agric., Musée du Congo, R. Det. FF 4426, V. Laboissière det. Ootheca flavipes ” (MRAC). Type locality: Democratic Republic of the Congo (= Congo (Zaire)), Kapiri, 9°42’S / 27°13’E. The male has an identification label in Laboissière’s hand-writing. To our knowledge this species has not been described.</p><p>Additional material examined. Burundi: 1 ex., Mahembe, 1400 m, Terr. Nyanza, 4°13’S / 29°43’E, I.1953, P. Basilewsky (MRAC). Congo (Democratic Republic): 1 ex., Kundelungus, 9°20’S / 27°40’E, Mme. Tinant (MRAC); 1 ex., Masisi, Kivu, 1°24’S / 28°49’E, (IRSN); 1 ex., Elisabethville, 11°40’S / 27°28’E, XI.1911, Miss. Agric. (MRAC); 1 ex., Kapanga, Lulua, 6°48’S / 22°32’E, XI.1932, F. G. Overlaet (MRAC); 4 ex., Kapiri, 9°42’S / 27°13’E, XII.1912, Miss. Agric. (MRAC); 2 ex., Katolo, 8°24’S / 27°54’E, XI.1912, Dr. Bequaert (MRAC); 1 ex., Albertville, 5°56’S / 29°12’E, XII.1918, R. Mayné (MRAC); 14 ex., Watsa, Haut- Uele, 3°03’N / 29°32’E, 1922, L. Burdeon (MRAC); 1 ex., Abimva, Haut-Uele, 2°46’N / 27°37’E, VII.1925, L. Burgeon (MRAC); 3 ex., 18 m SW of Elisabethville, XI.1927, Dr. H. S. Evans (BMNH); 1 ex., Kibali-Ituri, Beni, 1°34N/ 30°15’E, XI.1931, Mme. L. Lebrun (MRAC); 1 ex., Mulungu, Kivu, 2°20’S / 28°47’E, XI.1932, L. Burgeon (MRAC); 1 ex., Elisabethville, 1935, Dr. Richard (MRAC); 1 ex., Mahagi-Niarembe, 2°15’N / 3107’E, V.1935, Ch. Scops (MRAC); 2 ex., Mulungu, Kivu, XII.1938, Hendrichx (MRAC); 1 ex., P. N. A., Mutsora, 9°19’N / 29°45’E, 1939, Hackars (IRSN); 6 ex., Lusinga, P. N. A., 8°56’S / 27°12’E, XII.1947, G. F. de Witte (IRSN); 1 ex., Mbuye Bala, 1°07’S / 18°10’E, III.1948, G. F. de Witte (IRSN); 103 ex., Rwankwi, Kivu, 2°30’S / 28°00’E, IV./ V.1946, XI./ XII.1947, I./ III.1948, VII./ XII.1951, J. V. Leroy (MRAC); 1 ex., Ibanda, Kivu, 0°08’S / 30°29’E, 1952, M. Vandelannoite (MRAC); 1 ex., Kyandolire, Massif Ruwenzori, 0°23’N / 29°54’E, X.1952, P. Vanschuytbroeck &amp; J. Kekenbosch (IRSN); 1 ex., Ndama (Mahagi), 2°11’N / 30°53’E, V.1952, J. Hecq (MRAC); 6 ex., Kibali-Ituri, Nioka, 2°10’S / 30°39’E, IV.1953, J. Hecq (MRAC); 1 ex., Migeri, Massif Ruwenzori, 0°23’N / 29°54’E, IV.1953, P. Vanschuytbroeck &amp; J. Kekenbosch (IRSN); 3 ex., Butambo, Kivu, 0°55’N / 29°33’E, X.1955, Rev. P. Celis (MRAC); 1 ex., Kikura, Massif Ruwenzori, 0°35’N / 29°57’E, X.1955, P. Vanschuytbroeck (IRSN); 1 ex., Tshiaberimu, 4°31’S / 26°54’E, IV.1955, P. Vanschuytbroeck &amp; R. Fonteyn (IRSN); 1 ex., Tshibinda, Kivu, 2°19’S / 28°46’E, XI.1955, J. Hecq (MRAC); 1 ex., Kitemba, ex village près Katimbombo, 0°42’N / 29°51’E, X.1957, P. Vanschuytbroeck (IRSN); 4 ex., Forest Kasapa, Shaba, 11°34’S / 27°25’E, XII.1978, F. Malaisse (MRAC). Ghana: 2 ex., Takoradi, 4°53’N / 1°45’W, Besnard (MRAC); 2 ex., Bondaye, 5°25’N / 2°09’E, V.1914 (BMNH). Kenya: 4 ex., Yala, Kakumba Forest, 0°04’N / 34°09’E, S. A. Neave (BMNH); 1 ex., Nairobi, 1°18’S / 36°49’E, XI.1904, Ch. Alluaud (ZMUH); 1 ex. Lac Rudolphe, 3°30’N / 36°00’E, 1905, M. de Rothschild, Jacoby Coll. (MNHN); 4 ex., Kyangori, N. Kavirondo, 0°04’N / 34°48’E, V.1911, V.1912, S. A. Neave (BMNH); 91 ex., Kaimosi, 0°11’N / 34°57’E, 1932, A. Turner (NMK); 1 ex., Nairobi, VI.1933, McArthur (NMK); 1 ex., Muhorqni, KC, II.1936, A. Turner (NMK); 1 ex., Kisumu KC, 0°06’S / 34°45’E, III. 1936, A,Turner (NMK); 1 ex., Makuyu, 0°54’S / 37°11’E, X.1937, C. D. Knight (BMNH); 1 ex., Nairobi, IV.1943, Meneghetti (NMK); 2 ex., Kacheleba, Suk, VI.1949, T. H. E. Jackson (NMK); 3 ex., Diani Beach, 4°18’S / 39°35’E, V., VII.1957, N. L. H. Krauss (BMNH); 3 ex., Kavura Forest, V.1972, P. Mureshi &amp; M. Clifton (NMK). Nigeria: 1 ex., Ban. Carfa, le Moult vend. via Reinbek 1957 (ZMUH). Rwanda: 1 ex., Gitarama, terr. Nyanza, 2°04’S / 29°45’E, I.1953, P. Basilewsky (BMNH); 15 ex., Muhavura, 1°23’S / 29°41’E, I.1953, P. Basilewsky (12 ex. MRAC, 3 ex. BMNH); 1 ex., Kirengeri, terr. Nyanza, 2°09’S / 29°46’E, II.1953, P. Basilewsky (MRAC); 95 ex., Rubona, 2°11’S / 29°52’E, 1966, I. S. A. R. (MRAC). Tanzania: 1 ex., Plantage Magritto bei Tanga, 5°07’S / 38°45’E, G. Pfanneberg (MNHU); 1 ex., Kigonsera, Nyassa-See, 12°00’S / 34°30’E, ex. Staudinger (MRAC); 2 ex., Litema-Berge, Kilimandjaro, 3°04’S / 37°2’E, (MNHU); 1 ex., Moshi, 3°21’S / 37°20’E, (MNHU); 2 ex., Kwasigi, 5°08’S / 38°24’E, V.1904, (MNHU); 1 ex. Lewa-State, Bondei, V.1910, (MNHU); 1 ex. Kilimandjaro, Moshi, 800 m, IV. 1912, Alluaud &amp; Jeannel (ZMUH); 5 ex., N. W. Usagara, 1300–1900 m, 2°41’S / 33°0’E, XII.1912 (MNHU); 1 ex., Mkindu, Tanganyika, 6°15’S / 37°30’E, VI.1953 (NMK). Uganda: 6 ex., Busso Busoga, 0°45’N / 33°30’E, 1909, Dr. E. Bayon (ZMUH); 1 ex., Mbarara, Southern Toro, 0°37’S / 30°39’E, X.1911, S. A. Neave (BMNH); 1 ex., Ankole, Toro Border, 0°15’S / 30°15’E, X.1911, S. A. Neave (BMNH); 1 ex., N. Ruwenzori, 0°48’N / 30°12’E, XI.1911, S. A. Neave (BMNH); 5 ex., Mpanga Forest, Toro, 7°50’S / 38°02’E, XI.1911, S. A. Neave (BMNH); 2 ex., Ebinamba, X.1926, H. Hargreaves (1 ex. BMNH, 1 ex. ZMUH); 11 ex., Bugomola, 0°55’S / 31°23’E, IV.1927, H. Hargreaves (8 ex. BMNH, 3 ex. ZMUH); 2 ex., Dwoli, IV. 1927, H. Hargreaves (BMNH); 1 ex., Kiryanga, 1°12’N / 31°04’E, IV.1927, H. Hargreaves (ZMUH). Zambia: 1 ex., N’Changa, C. T. Macnamara (BMNH)1 ex., Kabwe, 9°07’S / 30°40’E, II.1944, H. J. Bredo (IRSN). Zimbabwe: 3 ex., Salisbury, 17°50’S / 31°03’E, XII.1898, G. A. K. Marshall (BMNH).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EA500AFF90C94A84F1FEFAFAA8DB41	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Kortenhaus, Sabine;Wagner, Thomas	Kortenhaus, Sabine, Wagner, Thomas (2010): Revision of Ootheca Chevrolat, 1837 from tropical Africa — redescriptions, descriptions of new species and identification key (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae, Galerucinae). Zootaxa 2659: 1-52, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.276235
03EA500AFF9CC94F84F1FE6AFD0CDDA1.text	03EA500AFF9CC94F84F1FE6AFD0CDDA1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ootheca bennigseni Weise 1900	<div><p>Ootheca bennigseni Weise, 1900</p><p>(Figs 35–40)</p><p>Ootheca bennigseni Weise, 1900: 453 .</p><p>= Ergana variceps Laboissière, 1939: 122; syn. nov.</p><p>Total length. 4.75–6.75 mm (mean: 5.92 mm; n = 23; Fig. 35 a); total height in lateral view 2.10–3.10 mm (mean: 2.55 mm; Fig. 35 b).</p><p>Head. Entirely brownish in many shades from yellowish- to reddish-, rarely dark brown. Antennae yellow to yellowish-red at base, becoming gradually darker towards apex, last five to six distal antennomeres usually black; length ratios: second to third antennomere 0.50–0.73 (mean: 0.59); third to fourth antennomere 0.77– 1.00 (mean: 0.91; Fig. 36). Maximum width of eye to minimal distance between eyes 0.39–0.67 (mean: 0.52).</p><p>Thorax. All variations of yellowish- to reddish-brown, most specimens being the latter. Pronotum finely punctuated, latero-basal pronotal impression usually very distinct; width 1.95–2.85 mm (mean: 2.48 mm); length 1.10–1.75 mm (mean: 1.47 mm); pronotal width to length ratio 1.56–1.77 (mean: 1.69). Elytra in 99 % of specimens examined with unicolourous elytra either yellowish- or reddish-brown, and in the same colour as head and pronotum, or a contrasting dark brown to black; punctuation of elytra irregular, deeper and coarser than pronotum; length 3.95–5.35 mm (mean: 4.72 mm); maximal width together 2.90–4.40 mm (mean: 3.72 mm); maximal width of elytra together to length of elytron ratio 0.70–0.85 (mean: 0.79). Scutellum, meso- and metathorax yellowish- to reddish-brown. Legs rarely unicolourous yellowish- to reddish-brown as for thorax, most specimens bicolourous having distal three quarters of all tibiae and tarsi dark brown to black; length ratio of basi-metatarsus to metatibia 0.21–0.31 (mean: 0.24).</p><p>Abdomen. Yellowish- to reddish-brown.</p><p>Male genitalia. Median lobe broad, subconical and ventrally curved towards deeply incised apex. Tectum very large, with two broad, elongate, tectorial spurs, narrowing gradually towards apex where they are ventrally curved. Endophallus long and slender, basal part at least two times longer than apical part, usually clearly visible (Fig. 37).</p><p>Diagnosis. Ootheca bennigseni is, alongside O. proteus and O. meridiana, on average the largest species of the genus. In most external characters and colouration it shows considerable overlap with other, sometimes more abundant and widely distributed species such as O. proteus, O. mutabilis, O. orientalis, O. kibonotensis, O. frontalis and O. eddae sp. n. A reliable identification is not possible without dissection of the male genitalia, where the deeply apically incised median lobe is very characteristic. In a single population in the region of Elisabethville (Democratic Republic of the Congo), the median lobe in males is far less deeply incised apically. Differentiation between O. bennigseni and O. meridiana is based on differences in the male genitalia. The shape of the long ventrally curved tectorial spurs and the length ratio of the two parts of the endophallus, as recently described by E. Grobbelaar (2008). Ootheca bennigseni shows lobes, which are slender over the entire length and more so towards the apex, while O. meridiana has two elongate lobes, which are more rounded ventrally and in seem to be “inflated” in the apical half where the sclerites dilate before forming a distinct ventrally curved hook (Figs 37, 59). The basal part of the endophallus of O. bennigseni is at least double the length of the apical endophallic-brush part, while O. meridiana has a basal piece which is less than double the length of the apical piece.</p><p>Host plants and biology. Ootheca bennigseni is a well known pest species feeding on beans. This foodplant relationship can be also derived from various additional labels on prepared specimens: “sur haricot”, “on cowpea”, “on pigeonpea” ( Cajanus cajan, Fabaceae), “damaging cowpea plants”, “frißt an Bohnen”, “defoliating beans”, “on dolichos” (= Lablab purpureus, Fabaceae), “ex cowpeas, ex grams, ex soya beans” (= Glycine max, Fabaceae). The following records are surely not host plants “on Uapaka kirkiano sp.”, “on maize”, “auf/an Sesam” (= Sesamum indicum, Pedaliaceae).</p><p>Distribution. An abundant species occurring from central, east and southern Africa, from the Democratic Republic of the Congo Basin in the west towards the Kenyan and Tanzanian Coast in the east and KwaZulu- Natal in the south (Fig. 38).</p><p>Type material examined. Ootheca bennigseni: Lectotype: female “Zambesi, Nonfrid / Ootheca Bennigseni m. / ex. coll. J. Weise / Ƥ / AfriGa Specimen ID 861, specimen data documented 13.XII.2006 / Type ” (MNHU; Fig. 39). This designation. Type locality after original publication “Dar-es-Salam, Pangani, Zambesi”.</p><p>Paralectotypes: 2 males, 1 female, same first label as lectotype (MNHU); 1 female “Dar-es-Salaam, v. Bennigs” (MNHU); 1 male, 2 females “Zambesi, nonfried (?)” (MNHU). This designation. Type locality: Tanzania, Dar-es-Salaam, Pangani, Zambesi. Weise mentioned several specimens in his original publication, and a lectotype is herein designated to fix the name to a single specimen.</p><p>Ergana variceps: Holotype: male “Bimbi, Oct. 1932 / Angola, Miss. sc. suisse, 1932–1933 / Type 3/ Ootheca variceps m. V. Laboissière – Dét. / Le Moult vend. via Reinbek, Eing. Nr. 1, 1957 / AfriGa Specimen ID 874, specimen data documented 13.XII. 2006 ” (ZMUH; Fig. 40). This designation. Type locality: Angola, Bimbi, 7°09’S / 17°43’E.</p><p>Paratype: 1 female, same data as holotype, but with “co-type, female”. Laboissière mentioned these two specimens in his original publication. The male is indicated with an additional as “ type ” that can be considered as holotype by original designation.</p><p>Additional material examined. Angola: 3 ex., Quela (Loanda), 9°53’S / 14°50’E, Prinz Carolath (MNHU); 2 ex., Benguella, 12°35’S / 13°24’E, Dr. Wellman (MRAC); 3 ex., de Dongo au Cubango, 12°35’S / 13°24’E, 1914, Mission Rohan-Chabot (MNHN); 1 ex., Huela?, 1930, Coll. Guy Babault (MNHN); 6 ex., Bimbi, X.1931, Miss. Sc. Suisse, Le Moult vend. via Reinbek 1957 (ZMUH); 2 ex., Ebanga, 12°44’S / 14°44’E, XI.1932, Miss. Sc. Suisse (ZMUH). Democratic Republic of the Congo: 1 ex., Katanga, Kafakumba, 9°41’S / 23°44’E, Coll. Le Moult (IRSN); 1 ex., Albertville, 5°56’S / 29°12’E, J. Duvivier (IRSN); 1 ex., Belg. Congo, Miss. De Witte (IRSN); 80 ex. Katanga-Sud, 9°00’S / 26°00’E, J. Neynens (IRSN); 2 ex., Kinda, Katanga, 9°18’S / 25°04’E, (MRAC); 1 ex., Congo, Bambili, 1907, Ribotti (ZMUH); 2 ex., Kayumbe- Mukuba, XI.1911, Dr. Rodhain (MRAC); 5 ex., Shinsenda, 12°20’S / 27°56’E, XII.1911, Miss. Agricol. (MRAC); 3 ex., Elisabethville, 11°40’S / 27°28’E, II.1912, Miss. Agricol. (MRAC); 1 ex., Elisabethville, 1913, Ternest (MRAC); 1 ex., E. Tanganyika, Kigoma, IX.1918, R. Mayne (MRAC); 3 ex., Luiswishi, Katanga, 11°32’S / 27°26’E, I.1923, Chr. Seydel (MRAC); 195 ex., Elisabethville, I.1924, VIII.1925, XI.1950, VI.1951, Chr. Seydel (MRAC); 41 ex. Kisantu, 5°07’S / 15°05’E, 1924, 1925, 1931, 1932, R. P.</p><p>Vanderyst (MRAC); 4 ex., Kisanga, Katanga, 10°55’S / 26°35’E, II.1925, Chr. Seydel (MRAC); 1 ex., Kipako, Kwango, 8°20’S / 35°48’E, X.1924, R. P. Vanderijst (MRAC); 1 ex., Katanga, Ditanto, 10°15’S / 25°53’E, X.1925 (MRAC); 4 ex., Kinda, Katanga, 9°18’S / 25°04’E, 1926, Coll. J. Muller (IRSN); 3 ex., Elisabethville, 1929, P. Quarre (MRAC); 1 ex., Kapolowe, 11°02’S / 26°57’E, XII.1930, R. P. A. Ocuciaux (MRAC); 1 ex., Uvira, Reg. Lac Kivu, 3°24’S / 29°09’E, 1930, Coll. Guy Babault (MNHN); 22 ex., Lomami, Kamina, 8°44’S / 25°00’E, 1930, 1932, R. Massart (MRAC); 15 ex., Kafakumba, X.-XII.1931, II., XI.1933, G. F. Overlaet (MRAC); 10 ex., Lomami, Kaniama, 7°31’S / 24°11’E, 1931, R. Massart (MRAC); 85 ex., Sandoa, Lulua, 9°41’S / 22°52’E, XI./ XII.1931, I., III., X.–XII.1932, G. F.Overlaet (MRAC); 13 ex., Tshibamba, Lulua, 8°15’S / 24°22’E, XII.1931, II.1932, G. F. Overlaet (MRAC); 20 ex., Katanga, Karavia, 11°40’S / 27°28’E, I.1932, Chr. Seydel (MRAC); 2 ex., Uvira, 3°24’S / 29°09’E, XII.1932, L. Burgeon (MRAC); 1 ex., Baudouinville, 7°03’S / 29°47’E, I.1933, L. Burgeon (MRAC); 5 ex., Lac Tanganyka, Nyanza, 6°00’S / 29°30’E, I.1933, L. Burgeon (MRAC); 60 ex., Kapanga, Lulua, XII.1931, X.–XII.1932, I.–III., V., X.– XI.1933, G. F. Overlaet (MRAC); 1 ex., Lulua, Kaongwesi, IX.1933, G. F. Overlaet (MRAC); 98 ex., Nioka, Ituri, 2°10’S / 30°39’E, 1933/34, P. Lefevre (MRAC); 2 ex., Tshofa, 5°14’S / 25°15’E, XII.1934, Mme. Gillardin (MRAC); 12 ex., Elisabethville, 1935, Dr. Richard (MRAC); 2 ex., Tang., Moero, Niunzu, 9°00’S / 28°45’E,1935, H. de Saeger (MRAC); 26 ex., Luashi, Lulua, 7°35’S / 22°28’E,1936, XI.1938, F. Freyne (MRAC); 24 ex., Lulua, Kabomba, 6°24’S / 22°51’E, XI.1937, Vanderstichele (MRAC); 2 ex., Lulua, Kabomba, XII.1937, Carlier (MRAC); 2 ex., Lusaka, 7°10’S / 29°27’E, 1937, R. P. Debbaudt (MRAC); 67 ex., Elisabethville, I., XII.1938, I.1939, H. J. Bredo (12 ex. IRSN, 55 ex. MRAC); 9 ex., Kasongo, Mwana, XII.1938, H. J. Bredo (IRSN); 51 ex., Mayidi, 5°11’S / 15°09’E, 1942, 1943, 1945, P. van Eyen (MRAC); 2 ex., Mulungu, 2°54’S / 27°56’E, 1947, P. Lefebvre (IRSN); 1 ex., R. Kanzenze-Lualaba, 10°43’S / 25°28’E, 1948, P. Lefebure (IRSN); 1 ex., Kapero, 1760 m, P. N. Upemba, I.1948, Miss. G. F. de Witte (IRSN); 2 ex., Kanonga, P. N. Upemba, 9°16’S / 26°08’E, II.1949, Miss. G. F. de Witte (IRSN); 1 ex., Kenbwile r. g., Kalule Nord, P. N. Upemba, 9°36’S / 25°37’E, II.1949, Miss. G. F. de Witte (IRSN); 13 ex., Gandajika, 6°45’S / 23°57’E, XI.1948, X., XII.1950, XII.1953, P. de Francquen (MRAC); 8 ex., Tumba (Rukwa), 7°00’S / 31°30’E, XII.1950, H. J. Bredo (IRSN); 30 ex., Elisabethville, XII.1952, H. Bomans (MRAC); 1 ex., Aka/2, V.1952, Miss. H. de Saeger (IRSN); 1 ex., Katanga, Kakanda (Mutaka), 10°44’S / 26°23’E, 1953/1954, P. Th. de Caters (MRAC); 1 ex., Tanganjika, Moba, 7°03’S / 29°47’E, II.1954, H. Bomans (MRAC); 7 ex., Elisabethville, Riv. Luamisamba, XII.1955, M. Lips (MRAC); 2 ex., Katanga, terr. Elisabethville, Riv. Kiswishi, XII.1955, M. Lips (MRAC); 45 ex., Kifumwanshi, 11°40’S / 27°28’E, XII.1955, M. Lips (MRAC); 2 ex., Luano, XII.1955, M. Lips (MRAC); 13 ex., Riv. Fulubwe, Katanga, XII.1955 – I.1956, M. Lips (MRAC); 5 ex., Kisangwe, I.1956, M. Lips (MRAC); 1 ex., P. N. Albert, Secteur Nord, Kasere (lieu-dit) et riv. affl. Kamasayi, 1100 m, XI.1956, P. Vanschuytbroeck (IRSN); 4 ex., Elisabethville, 1956/1957, don A. Allaer (MRAC); 4 ex., Jadotville, Numbi, 9°03’S / 26°14’E, V.1957, P. Th. de Caters (MRAC); 5 ex., Kapolowe, Lualaba, 11°02’S / 26°57’E, 1959, J. P. Herremans (MRAC); 2 ex., Reg. Thysville, Bas-Congo, 5°15’S / 14°52’E, 1959, 1963, R. Michaux / A. Allaer (MRAC); 3 ex., Kasongo, 0°53’S / 28°52’E, III.1960, P. L. G. Benoit (MRAC); 1 ex., Terr. de Kasongo, Riv. Lumami, 0°46’N / 24°16’E, II.1960, P. L. G. Benoit (MRAC); 24 ex., Elisabethville, 1961, IV.1962, M. Lips (MRAC); 1 ex., Lubumbashi, Zaire, 11°40’S / 27°28’E, II.1968, A. B. Stam (MRAC); 3 ex., Lubumbashi, III.1975, W. Beun (MRAC). Gabon: 1 ex.,“ Gabon “, Coll. Duvivier (IRSN). Kenya: 1 ex., Afrique Orient. Angl., Boura (WA-Taita), 3°30’S / 38°30’E, 1904, Ch. Alluaud (MNHN); 5 ex., Brit. E. Africa, 1907, L. Carpenter (BMNH); 12 ex., Sabaki, Lower Tana, 3°09’S / 40°07’E, IV.–V.1932, Turner &amp; McArthur (NMK); 1 ex., Shimba Hills, 4°13’S / 39°25’E, VII.1939, Imp. Inst. Ent. Coll. (NMK); 3 ex., Malindi, Arabuku Forest, 3°20’S / 39°52’E, VI.1940, T. H. E. Jackson (NMK); 15 ex., Kifili, 3°15’S / 39°40’E, VII.1948, van Someren (BMNH); 14 ex., Kifili Distr., RRC Mtwapa, 3°57’S / 39°45’E, VI.1989, G. I. Oduor (NMK); 1 ex., Mwatate, S. Taita, 3°30’S / 38°23’E, XI.1997, M. Snizek (ZMUH). Malawi: 1 ex., btwn. Ft. Mangoche &amp; Chikala Boma, 15°32’S / 34°48’E, III.1910, S. A. Neave (BMNH); 7 ex., Fort Maguire, 13°39’S / 34°53’E, III.1910, S. A. Neave (BMNH). Mozambique: 5 ex., Nyassa, 14°12’S / 37°30’E, Thelwall, Fry Coll. 1905 (BMNH); 4 ex., Vallee du Pungoue Guengere, 19°05’S / 34°15’E, I., II., XII.1906, G. Vasse (1 ex. ZMUH, 3 ex. MNHN); 1 ex., Zembé, Revoué, 18°16’S / 35°05’E, XII.1928, P. Lesne (MNHN); 1 ex., Canxixe, Haut Sangadze, 17°35’S / 34°18’E, I. 1929, P. Lesne (MNHN); 2 ex., Lourenco Marques, 25°58’S / 32°34’E, XII.1951, M. C. Ferreira (SANC).– South Africa: 1 ex., Durban, 29°48’S / 31°02’E, (MNHU); 2 ex., Natal, 1 ex. coll. Weise (MNHU). Tanzania: 3 ex., Ost-Afrika, Madinula, S.P. de S. Hilaire (MNHU); 1 ex., Massai-steppe, Sammlung Dr. Chr. Schröder (MNHU); 1 ex., Mhonda, 6°07’S / 37°34’E, T. Stichel (MNHU); 4 ex., Pareh Berge, 4°S/ 37°45’E, Sammlung Dr. Chr. Schröder (MNHU); 1 ex., Amani, T. T. Dist., Usambara, 5°22’S / 39°43’E, T. H. E. Jackson (NMK); 1 ex., Bagamoyo, 4°33’S / 37°52’E, (IRSN); 1 ex., Bismarckburg, 8°28’S / 31°09’E, Zencke (MNHU); 11 ex., Tanganika, Miss. G. F. de Witte (IRSN); 5 ex., D. O. Afr., ex coll. Weise (MNHU); 1 ex., D. O. Afr., S. Trefurth (MNHU); 9 ex., D. Ost- Afrika, Coll. Clavareau (MRAC); 1 ex., Dar-es-Salam, 6°48’S / 39°17’E, Krauss, Coll. Clavareau (MRAC); 1 ex. Dar-es-Salam, Stauding, Jacoby Coll. (BMNH); 1ex., Dar-es-Salam, (MNHU); 1 ex., Dtsch. O. Afrika, Miss. G. F. de Witte (IRSN); 4 ex., Kigonsera, 10°48’S / 35°03’E, S. G. Häfliger (MNHU); 4 ex., Kigonsera, ex coll. Weise (MNHU); 1 ex., Kigonsera, Lac Nyassa, 10°48’S / 35°03’E, Rolle, Coll. Clavareau (MRAC); 1 ex., Kigonsera, Nyassa-See, ex Staudinger (MRAC); 7 ex., Kwiro, 8°40’S / 36°43’E (6 ex. MNHU, 1 ex. MRAC); 1 ex., Lindi, 10°00’S / 39°43’E, Ex Musaeo L. Fairmaire 1893 / Coll. R. Oberthur 1952 (MNHN); 9 ex., Manow, 9°15’S / 33°48’E, Miss. G. F. de Witte (8 ex. IRSN, 1 ex. ZMUH); 6 ex., Mikindani, 10°17’S / 40°07’E, P. Lipp, S. Reimer &amp; Schultz (MNHU); 3 ex. Mikindani, S. Berg (MNHU); 2 ex., Namupa, 10°19’S / 39°17’E (NHRS); 18 ex., Njassasee, Afr. or., 12°00’S / 34°30’E, Miss. G. F. de Witte (IRSN); 1 ex., Nyassa-See, Wiedhafen, 10°28’S / 34°35’E, (MNHU); 1 ex., Peramiho, 10°39’S / 35°27’E (MNHU); 9 ex., Tabora-Kigoma, 5°30’S / 32°50’E, Lt. Stamper (MRAC); 2 ex., Tanga, 5°05’S / 39°05’E, Le Moult vend. via Reinbek 1957 (ZMUH); 13 ex., Zanguelar, Le Moult vend. via Reinbek 1957 (ZMUH); 1 ex., D. O. A. Tanganjika, Le Moult vend. via Reinbek 1957 (ZMUH); 2 ex., Tanganyika, W. A. Collier (NNML); 5 ex., Tanzania (NMK); 1 ex., Usagara (MNHU); 7 ex., Zanzibar, 6°15’S / 39°28’E (3 ex. IRSN, 4 ex. MNHU); 8 ex., Zanzibar (Zanguebar, Mhonda-Ouzigoua), 6°15’S / 39°28’E, 1879/1880, Dr. Plason (4 ex. BMNH, 4 ex. MRAC); 17 ex., Mikindani, 1889, Alte Alkoholsammlung (MNHU); 2 ex., Magila, 5°08’S / 38°46’E, O. Neumann (MNHU); 3 ex., Magila, V.1898, (BMNH); 9 ex., Pugu, 6°54’S / 39°07’E, III. 1902, Dr. Holtz (MNHU); 44 ex., Lindi, 10°00’S / 39°43’E, vor 1903, A. Zimmermann (MNHU); 1 ex., Kissarowe, VI.1903, Coll. Eichelbaum (MNHU); 7 ex., Lindi, 10°00’S / 39°43’E, 1903, J. Vosseler / A. Zimmermann (5 ex. MNHN, 2 ex. ZMUH); 4 ex., Magamba- Bge. bei Masinde, 4°42’S / 38°18’E, I.1905, ex coll. Schröder (MNHU); 14 ex. Amani, D.O.Afrika, XII.1905, Dr. Chr. Schröder (MNHU); 3 ex., Pangani-Steppe, Mombo-Masinde, 5°30’S / 38°50’E, I.1906, ex coll. Dr. C. Schröder (MNHU); 1 ex., süd-östl. Kilimandjaro, 3°04’S / 37°22’E, I.1906, ex coll. Dr. C. Schröder (MNHU); 1 ex., Tendaguru, Lindi, 10°03’S / 39°07’E, I.1910, Janensch (MNHU); 18 ex., Amani, IV.1910, Biolog. Institut (MNHU); 2 ex., Landsch. Ugogo, Kilimatinde, 5°51’S / 34°57’E, II.1911, Dr. E. Obst (MNHU); 5 ex., Mikindani, II./ III.1911, H. Grote (MNHU); 4 ex., Udjidji, 4°55’S / 29°39’E, III.1913, A. Zimmermann (MNHU); 1 ex., B. L. J. Amani, IV.1915, Tengeni (NMK); 1 ex., Utimbaru, 1°23’S / 34°25’E, IV.1915, Dr. Holtz (MNHU); 1 ex., Tabora, 5°30’S / 32°50’E, I.1916, Dr. Holtz (MNHU); 3 ex., Mtotohovu-Trockenwald, III.1916, Methner (MNHU); 6 ex., Makonde-Hochland, 10°43’S / 39°12’E, XII.1916, Methner (MNHU); 3 ex., Tanganyika, Ruana (Kidatu), 7°42’S / 36°57’E, VI.1945, R. Rijkebusch (NMK); 1 ex., Kipako, Kwango, 8°20’S / 35°48’E, X.1924, R. P. Vanderijst (MRAC); 3 ex., Ruana, Kidatu, 7°42’S / 36°57’E, VI.1945, R. Rijkebusch (NMK); 8 ex., Tumba (Rukwa), 7°00’S / 31°30’E, XII.1950, H. J. Bredo (IRSN); 1 ex., Magadu, 6°52’S / 37°39’E, IV.1954, R. Rijkebusch (NMK); 1 ex., Tanganyika, terr. Handeni, 5°26’S / 38°10’E, IV.1957, P. Basilewsky &amp; N. Leleup (MRAC); 3 ex., Ilonga, 9°04’S / 36°51’E, III.1968, C. J. Thomas (BMNH); 1 ex., Uluguru Mts., 6°49’S / 37°40’E, IV.1997, Werner &amp; Litzler (MIZT). Uganda: 1 ex., Kiryanga, 1°5’N / 31°3’E, IV.1927, H. Hargreaves (BMNH). Zambia: 10 ex., Kabwe, 9°07’S / 30°40’E, II.1944, H. J. Bredo (IRSN); 34 ex., Mporokoso, 9°23’S / 30°08’E, I.1944, H. J. Bredo (IRSN); 24 ex., Buleya, Mweru-Wantipa, 9°08’S / 26°47’E, IV.1944, H. J. Bredo (IRSN); 1 ex., Jadotville=Likasi, 10°59’S / 26°44’E, X.1945, P. Gravez (MRAC); 7 ex., Tupele, Mweru-Wantipa, 8°43’S / 29°54’E, I.1944, H. J. Bredo (IRSN); 63 ex., Mweru- Wantipa, 8°45’S / 29°30’E, I./ II., IV.1945, I.1945, H. J. Bredo (IRSN); 3 ex., Mindolo, Mt. Kitwe, 12°46’S / 28°11’E, XI.1967 (BMNH). Zimbabwe: 17 ex., (Unguu) Ungun, 19°50’S / 29°07’E, 1913, Dr. Holtz (1 ex. IRSN, 14 ex. MNHU, 1 ex. MRAC, 1 ex ZMUH).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EA500AFF9CC94F84F1FE6AFD0CDDA1	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Kortenhaus, Sabine;Wagner, Thomas	Kortenhaus, Sabine, Wagner, Thomas (2010): Revision of Ootheca Chevrolat, 1837 from tropical Africa — redescriptions, descriptions of new species and identification key (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae, Galerucinae). Zootaxa 2659: 1-52, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.276235
03EA500AFF9AC94C84F1FF3FFAC7DD87.text	03EA500AFF9AC94C84F1FF3FFAC7DD87.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ootheca kibonotensis Weise 1909	<div><p>Ootheca kibonotensis Weise, 1909</p><p>(Figs 27, 41–45)</p><p>Ootheca kibonotensis Weise, 1909: 199 .</p><p>Total length. 4.30–5.90 mm (mean: 5.05 mm; n = 11; Fig. 41).</p><p>Head. Yellow, brownish-yellow or darker brownish-red, very rarely dark brown. Antennae pale yellow and either only last one to three antennomeres brownish, or becoming dark brown to black from fifth antennomere towards apex; length ratios: second to third antennomere 0.60–0.80 (mean: 0.71); third to fourth antennomere 0.62–0.83 (mean: 0.79; Fig. 42). Eyes large, ratio of maximal width of eye to minimal distance between eyes 0.57–0.86 (mean: 0.69).</p><p>Thorax. Pronotum: pale yellow to brownish-red, very rarely dark brown; very finely punctuated with latero-basal impression absent or indistinct; width 1.75–2.50 mm (mean: 2.04 mm); length 1.00– 1.35 mm (mean: 1.18 mm); width to length ratio 1.60–1.86 (mean: 1.73). Elytral colouration ranges from brownishyellow to brown, very rarely black, about 15% of specimens examined have dark brown to black elytral discs, i.e. elytra have paler brownish outer margins, suture and apex (Fig. 43); irregularly and somewhat more coarsely punctuated than pronotum, generally with fine punctuation; length 3.70–4.60 mm (mean: 4.06 mm); maximal width of elytra together 3.00– 3.90 mm (mean: 3.31 mm); maximal width of elytra together to length of elytron ratio 0.76–0.85 (mean: 0.82). Scutellum, meso- and metathorax yellow to yellowish-brown. Legs entirely yellowish-brown, in about 30% of specimens examined distal three quarters of tibiae dark brown, in those specimens femora often also darker brownish colour. Length ratio of basi-metatarsus to metatibia 0.22– 0.29 (mean: 0.25).</p><p>Abdomen. Yellow to brown.</p><p>Male genitalia. Median lobe broad at base, nearly parallel-sided in the middle third, tapering towards non-incised apex. Tectum consists of one pair of short tectorial spurs, broad basally and hooked apically. Endophallus with very broad, short base and pair of slender, down-curved spines (Fig. 44).</p><p>Diagnosis. Only the specimens that are characterized by brownish to black discal spots on the elytra can be reliably assigned to O. kibonotensis by external characters, as these are markings unique to this species. Ootheca kibonotensis is on average significantly smaller (total length 4.30–5.90 mm), and has a finer dorsal punctuation, than the sympatrically occurring O. mutabilis (total length 4.75–6.30 mm) or O. bennigseni (total length 4.75–6.75 mm), and can be distinguished from those species in most cases by its large eyes (maximal width of eye to minimal distance between eyes 0.57–0.86; O. mutabilis 0.39–0.63; O. bennigseni 0.39–0.67), but here also, only the male genitalia allow a reliable identification in most cases.</p><p>Distribution. Most specimens known from a restricted area around Kilimandjaro to the coastal region in northern Tanzania southern Kenya including the Taita Hills and Zanzibar, few records far away in Angola and northern Zambia (Fig. 27).</p><p>Type material examined. Lectotype: male, “Kilimandj. Sjöstedt / Kibonoto 1’– 1200 m. / 24 april / 3 / Type. / Lectotypus Th. Wagner desig. 2008 Ootheca kibonotensis Wse. / AfriGa specimen ID 866 specimen data documented 4.X.2006 ” (NHRS; Fig. 45). This designation. Type locality: Tanzania, Kibonoto, 3°00’S / 37°20’E. Paralectotypes: 7 ex., same basic data (at least “Kilimadjaro, Sjoestedt 1905”) as lectotype (4 ex. MNHU, 3 ex. NHRS). Weise mentioned eight specimens in his original publication, and a lectotype is herein designated to fix the name to a single specimen.</p><p>Additional material examined. Angola: 1 ex., Salazar, 9°18’S / 14°55’E, 9.–15.III.1972, Southern African Exp. (BMNH). Kenya: 1 ex., Voi, 3°23’S / 38°34’E, III.1911, S. A. Neave (BMNH); 8 ex., Shimoni, 4°39’S / 39°23’E, XI.1911, Alluaud &amp; Jeannel (ZMUH); 1 ex., Sekoke, VII.1932, A. Turner (NMK); 1 ex. Malindi, 3°13’S / 40°07’E, V.1940, G. W. Jeffery (BMNH). Tanzania: 1 ex., Ramissi, V.1915, Methner (MNHU); 1 ex., Zanzibar, 6°10’S / 39°11’E, Fairmaire, coll. Clavareau (MRAC); 1 ex., Kilimandjaro, 5°23’S / 38°03’E, 1905, Sjöstedt (NHRS); 1 ex., Narobi b. Tanga, 5°07’S / 39°7’E, V.1915, Methner (MNHU). Zambia: 3 ex., Lake Bangweulu, N’Sumba Island, 11°05’S / 29°45’E, XI.1946, M. Steele (BMNH).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EA500AFF9AC94C84F1FF3FFAC7DD87	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Kortenhaus, Sabine;Wagner, Thomas	Kortenhaus, Sabine, Wagner, Thomas (2010): Revision of Ootheca Chevrolat, 1837 from tropical Africa — redescriptions, descriptions of new species and identification key (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae, Galerucinae). Zootaxa 2659: 1-52, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.276235
03EA500AFFA4C97084F1FCF2FDE9DF76.text	03EA500AFFA4C97084F1FCF2FDE9DF76.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ootheca variabilis (Laboissière 1920) Laboissiere 1920	<div><p>Ootheca variabilis (Laboissière, 1920)</p><p>(Figs 27, 46–50)</p><p>= Ergana variabilis Laboissière, 1920: 132 .</p><p>= Ergana variabilis var. benardi Laboissière, 1920: 132; syn. nov.</p><p>Total length. 4.40–6.70 mm (mean: 5.48 mm; n = 25; Fig. 46).</p><p>Head. Dark brown to black. Antennae short, antennomeres broad, basal four to five antennomeres yellowish, others gradually becoming more brownish to black towards the apex; length ratios: second to third antennomere 0.60–0.88 (mean: 0.76); third to fourth antennomere 0.80–1.00 (mean: 0.88; Fig. 47). Maximal width of eye to minimal distance between eyes 0.44–0.64 (mean: 0.54).</p><p>Thorax. Pronotum: yellow to yellowish-brown, in 30 % of specimens examined with various darker brown patterns, usually with two brown spots on the disc (Fig. 48), sometimes the darker brown colour covers the entire pronotum; finely punctuated, latero-basal impression distinct; width 1.75–2.45 mm (mean: 2.06 mm); length 0.95–1.40 mm (mean: 1.19 mm); pronotal width to length ratio 1.64–1.90 (mean: 1.74). Elytra yellowish- to reddish-brown with at least suture dark brown, but brown sutural colouration usually covers up to one third of the elytron and then outer elytral margins also dark brown to black for up to one quarter of the elytron width (Fig. 48); punctuation irregular, deeper and coarser than that of distinctly depressed; length 3.30–4.95 mm (mean: 4.27 mm); maximal width of elytra together 2.20–3.60 mm (mean: 3.01 mm); maximal width of elytra together to length of elytron ratio 0.65–0.74 (mean: 0.71), slender. Scutellum, meso- and metathorax, and legs dark brown to black; third to fifth tarsomeres paler brownish colour on all legs, length ratio of basi-metatarsus to metatibia 0.18–0.25 (mean: 0.21).</p><p>Abdomen. Dark brown to black.</p><p>Male genitalia. Median lobe constricted in the middle, with short, rounded apex. Tectum consists of a pair of strongly outwardly curved tectorial spurs. Endophallus small, slender, with one pair of very small dorsal spines (Fig. 49).</p><p>Diagnosis. Distinctive characters for this species include a completely dark brown to black head, legs and underside; short antennae with broad antennomeres; yellowish pronotum usually with darker brown discal spots and a distinct latero-basal pronotal impression; and yellowish elytra with a more or less broad dark brown to black suture. Ootheca ugandae sp. n. is most similar in colouration of the head, underside and legs, and also has a broad black elytral suture, but the outer elytral margins are always yellow and a submarginal longitudinal stripe is black; pronotum is either entirely yellowish-brown, or has darker brown medio-basal patches; elytra are much more coarsely punctuated, and more convexly rounded; third antennomere is much longer than the second (length ratio of second to third antennomere 0.55–0.67; O variabilis 0.60–0.88), and it is on average larger overall (total length 5.75–5.95 mm; O. variabilis 4.40–6.70 mm). Furthermore, O. julianae sp. n. is similar to O. variabilis in size and colouration, but the former has an entirely yellowish pronotum, yellow legs, and broad brown outer elytral margins and humeri. Since colour patterns are quite variable in most species of Ootheca the male genitalia should be checked in doubtful cases.</p><p>Distribution. Only known from the eastern shores of Lake Victoria to montane regions along the East African Rift Valley in Kenya (Fig. 27).</p><p>Type material examined. Ergana variabilis: Lectotype: female, “Salt Marsh, Nyanza Province (B. E. A.) / G. B., Janv. 1913 / Type / Ergana variabilis m. V. Laboissière - Det./ AfriGa specimen ID 890, specimen data documented 20.IX.2004 ”(MNHN; Fig. 50). Type locality: Kenya, 0°30’S / 34°30’E. Paralectotypes (including paralectotypes of E. variabilis var. benardi which cannot be clearly separated from the nominate taxon): 8 ex., same data as lectotype (1 ex. BMNH, 6 ex. MNHN 1 ex. ZMUH); 8 ex., “Amala River, Sotik (B. E. A.) / G. B., Janv. 1913”, 0°47’S / 35°21’E (4 ex. MNHN, 4 ex. ZMUH); 1 ex., “Guasso Nyro (sud), Sotik (B. E. A.) / G. B., Janv. 1913” (1 ex. ZMUH); 4 ex., “Onjoro O Nyro, Masai (B. E. A.) / G. B., Janv. 1913”, 1°45’S / 36°00’E (3 ex., MNHN, 1 ex. ZMUH); 3 ex., “Lemek Valley, Nyanza Province (B. E. A.) / G. B., Janv. 1913”, 1°06'S / 35°23'E (2 ex. MNHN, 1 ex. ZMUH). This designation. Type locality: Kenya, Western Province, 0°46’S / 35°07’E. Laboissière mentioned several specimens in his original publication from three locations and few specimens of the type series carry labels with “ type ” used by the author, thus a lectotype is herein designated to fix the name to a single specimen.</p><p>Additional material examined. Kenya: 1 ex., Kisii District, S. Kavirondo, 5000 ft, 0°45’S / 34°25’E, V.1911, S. A. Neave (BMHN).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EA500AFFA4C97084F1FCF2FDE9DF76	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Kortenhaus, Sabine;Wagner, Thomas	Kortenhaus, Sabine, Wagner, Thomas (2010): Revision of Ootheca Chevrolat, 1837 from tropical Africa — redescriptions, descriptions of new species and identification key (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae, Galerucinae). Zootaxa 2659: 1-52, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.276235
03EA500AFFA6C97684F1FA19FD5DDFED.text	03EA500AFFA6C97684F1FA19FD5DDFED.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ootheca frontalis Laboissiere 1923	<div><p>Ootheca frontalis Laboissière, 1923</p><p>(Figs 21, 51–54)</p><p>Ootheca frontalis Laboissière, 1923: 183 . = Ootheca tinantae Laboissière, in litteris.</p><p>Total length. 4.70–5.95 mm (mean: 5.28 mm; n = 12; Fig. 51).</p><p>Head. Reddish-, rarely yellowish-brown, vertex darker. Antennae: basal four to six antennomeres same colour as head, others dark brown; length ratios: second to third antennomere 0.55–0.73 (mean: 0.65); third to fourth antennomere 0.75–1.00 (mean: 0.87; Fig. 52). Maximal width of eye to minimal distance between eyes 0.46–0.60 (mean: 0.54).</p><p>Thorax. Pronotum: brownish-red to brown, finely punctuated, latero-basal impression usually very distinct; width 1.90–2.40 mm (mean: 2.15 mm); length 1.15–1.40 mm (mean: 1.28 mm); width to length ratio 1.60–1.80 (mean: 1.68). Elytra black; punctuation much coarser than that of pronotum, distinctly seriate along suture giving elytra slightly striped appearance; length 3.35–4.47 mm (mean: 4.29 mm); maximal width of elytra together 2.80–3.60 mm (mean: 3.28); width of elytra together to length of elytra ratio 0.72–0.81 (mean: 0.76). Scutellum, meso- and metathorax light to dark brown. Legs dark brown to black, femoral apex and base of tibia and distal three tarsomeres reddish-brown, femora sometimes paler than tibiae; length ratio of basimetatarsus to metatibia 0.21–0.26 (mean: 0.23).</p><p>Abdomen. Yellowish- to dark brown.</p><p>Male genitalia. Median lobe slender, parallel-sided, rounded, with shallow apical incision. In lateral view evenly curved ventrally. Tectum consists of two robust tectorial spurs nearly as along as median lobe, and display peculiar curvature. Apex of endophallic brush free and clearly visible, endophallic structures symmetrically arranged with two slightly curved spines and group of bristles (Fig. 53).</p><p>Diagnosis. Very similar to bicolourous specimens of O. mutabilis, O. bennigseni, O. orientalis, O. eddae sp. n. and O. tilmani sp. n. that all show a more or less strong overlap in morphometrics. A good character to differentiate O. frontalis from these species is the seriate punctuation along the elytral suture. This character only occurs in one other species, O. chapuisi, which is smaller (total length 3.64–5.04 mm; O. frontalis 4.70– 5.95 mm) and male specimens longer than 4.50 mm should be checked by genital dissection.</p><p>Distribution. Only known from a few sites in the Katanga province in south-eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo (Fig. 21).</p><p>Type material examined. Lectotype: female “N. W. Rhodesia / Type / Ootheca frontalis m. V. Laboissière - Dét. / AfriGa specimen ID 865 specimen data documented 13.XII.2006 ” (ZMUH; Fig. 54). Type locality: SW-Zambia, no details available. Paralectotypes: 1 female, same data as lectotype. Laboissière mentioned “ 2 females, collection Laboissière” and a lectotype is herein designated to fix the name to a single specimen.</p><p>Additional material examined. Congo (Democratic Republic): 5 ex., Kundelungus, 10.00S / 28.00E, Mme. Tinant (MRAC); 11 ex., Elisabethville, 11°40’S / 27°28’E, X./ XI.1927, Dr. H. S. Evans (BMNH); 4 ex., Elisabethville, 1935, Dr. Richard (MRAC); 4 ex., Katanga, Kifumwanshi, terr. Elisabethville, XII.1955, M. Lips (MRAC). Two specimens from Kundelungus are labelled as type of O. tinantae by Laboissière, but to our knowledge this species was not described.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EA500AFFA6C97684F1FA19FD5DDFED	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Kortenhaus, Sabine;Wagner, Thomas	Kortenhaus, Sabine, Wagner, Thomas (2010): Revision of Ootheca Chevrolat, 1837 from tropical Africa — redescriptions, descriptions of new species and identification key (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae, Galerucinae). Zootaxa 2659: 1-52, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.276235
03EA500AFFA0C97584F1F9BEFAD7DE7A.text	03EA500AFFA0C97584F1F9BEFAD7DE7A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ootheca meridiana Grobbelaar 2008	<div><p>Ootheca meridiana Grobbelaar, 2008</p><p>(Figs 55–56)</p><p>This species was recently described and separated from the most similar O. bennigseni . As supplement to the detailed description, we give the following morphometric data on base of our own studies.</p><p>Measurements. Total length: 4.90–6.56 mm (mean: 5.84 mm, n = 15); antennal length ratios: second to third antennomere 0.55–0.75 (mean: 0.64); third to fourth antennomere 0.71–0.92 (mean: 0.83); maximal width of eye to minimal distance between eyes 0.47–0.59 (mean: 0.55); pronotal length 1.20–1.50 mm (mean: 1.38 mm); pronotal width 2.00– 2.70 mm (mean: 2.30 mm); pronotal width to length ratio 1.47–1.80 (mean: 1.67); elytral length 3.95–5.05 mm (mean: 4.57 mm); elytral width 2.90–4.00 mm (mean: 3.54 mm); width of elytra together to length of elytron 0.66–0.86 (mean: 0.78).</p><p>Male genitalia. Median lobe broad, slightly conical and curved ventrally towards apex with deep incision (Fig. 55). Tectum nearly as large as half of median lobe consisting of two long, broad, tectorial spurs ventrally curved at apex. In lateral view these spurs are dilated in upper half just before turning down into distinct hook towards apex. Endophallus, divisable in two parts, apical part with endophallic brush and simple basal part, which is less than double the length of apical part.</p><p>Diagnosis. Ootheca meridiana belongs together with O. bennigseni and O. proteus, the largest species in the genus. Because of a wide overlap with other species in colouration and external characters, a dissection of male genitalia is necessary for reliable identification. A great similarity of the median lobe of O. meridiana and O. bennigseni complicates the differentiation: only the shape of the elongate apical parts of the median lobe and the ratio of the basal to the apical part of the endophallus allows a differentiation. The basal part is less than two times longer than the apical part (Fig. 55). Nevertheless, not every male specimen can be identified without doubt.</p><p>Distribution. Occurs sympatrically with O. bennigseni, mostly recorded in southern Africa (South Africa, Zambia, Zimbabwe), but also in central Africa and rarely up to Ethiopia (Fig. 56). The distribution map includes all type material from Grobbelaar (2008) and additional specimens found by us.</p><p>Type material. Holotype: Gauteng Province, Pretoria, Jan. 1947, E. E. Anderssen, AcP. 4860. (on groundnuts). Type locality: South Africa, 25°45’S / 28°11’E. Paratypes: Material listed in detail in the original description (Grobbelaar 2008); this material was not studied by us.</p><p>Additional material examined. Angola: 3 ex., Bimbi, X. 1931, Miss. Sc. Swiss, Le Moult vend. via Reinbek 1957 (ZMUH). Congo (Democratic Republic): 179 ex., Garenganze, Port, W. Africa, (BMNH); 2 ex., Kinda, Katanga, 9°18’S / 25°04’E, ex coll. Staudinger (MRAC); 4 ex. Kinda, Katanga, Don Cercle (MRAC); 1 ex., Katalla, XI.1911, Dr. Rodhain (MRAC); 1 ex. Shinsenda, 12°20’S / 27°56’E, XII.1911, Miss. Agricol. (MRAC); 2 ex., Kasenga, 10°22’S / 28°38’E, II.1912, Dr. Bequaert (MRAC); 1 ex., Leopoldville, 4°18’S / 15°18’E, XII.1925, R. P. Hulstaert (MRAC); 1 ex., Lac Tanganyka, Nyanza, 6°0’S / 29°30’E, I.1933, L. Burgeon (MRAC); 1 ex., Lulua, Luashi, 7°35’S / 22°28’E, XI.1938, F. Freyne (MRAC); 29 ex., Tanganyka Territory, Mporokoso, 9°23’S / 30°08’E, I.1944, H. J. Bredo (IRSN); 8 ex., Bas-Congo, Lemfu, 4°34’S / 18°18’E, X.–XII.1944, 1945, P. de Beir (MRAC); 1 ex., Terr. Tanganika, Tumba (Rukwa), 7°0’S / 31°30’E, XII.1950, H. J. Bredo (IRSN). Ethiopia: 4 ex., Uha, 9°04’N / 40°12’E, X.1912, Holtz (MNHU). Gabon: 1 ex., N’Gomo, Sud Ogowe, 0°49’S / 9°57’E, Junod (MRAC). Malawi: 1 ex., Nyassaland (BMNH); 4 ex., Nyasaland, btwn. Ft. Johnston &amp; Monkey Bay, 14°5’S / 34°55’E, III.1910, S. A. Neave (BMNH); 10 ex., Nyasaland, btwn. Ft. Mangoche &amp; Chikala Boma, 4,000 ft., III.1910, S. A. Neave (BMNH); 143 ex., Mlanje, Nyasaland, 16°02’S / 35°30’E, 1912–1914, S. A. Neave (BMNH); 1 ex., Namatandala, 2 km SSW Lufipa, Chitipa Dist., 9°43’S / 33°20’E, XII. 1986, E. Holm / E. Marais (NMNW). Mozambique: 12 ex., Boroma, Zambesi, 15°48’S / 31°45’E, (MNHU); 4 ex., Mozambique, Sandacca, 26°32’S / 32°33’E, III.1903, V. Rolle (MNHU); 1 ex., Beira, 19°50’S / 34°50’E, II.1903, P. A. Sheppard, Jacoby Coll. (BMNH); 2 ex., Nyassa, 14°12’S / 37°30’E, Thelwall, Fry Coll. 1905 (BMNH); 12 ex., Nyasaland, SW of Lake Chilwa, 15°12’S / 35°50’E, I.1914, S. A. Neave (BMNH). South Africa: 1 ex., Natal, 29°51’S / 31°01’E, Le Moult vend. via Reinbek 1957 (ZMUH); 61 ex., Natal, Miss. de Witte (IRSN); 3 ex., Natal (1ex. MRAC, 2 ex. MNHU); 4 ex., Natal, ex coll. Staudinger (MRAC); 64 ex., Natal, dist. Richmont, Indaleni, 29°53’S / 30°14’E, W. Hunt, ex coll. Breuning (MRAC); 8 ex., Kapland, (2 ex. IRSN, 6 ex. MNHU); 1 ex., Tigers Kloof, Natal, H. B. Marley (BMNH); 1 ex., Port Nanil? (BMNH); 1 ex., Zoutpansberg, 800 m, Transvaal, 22°58’S / 29°45’E, Coll. Clavareau (MRAC); 9 ex., Zoutpansberg, Mp`hôme, N.Transvaal, Magd. Knothe (MNHU); 4 ex., Natal, Frère, 29°51’S / 31°01’E, XII.1893, XII. 1896, G. A. K. Marshall (BMNH); 3 ex., Estcourt, Natal, 29°0’S / 29°53’E, I.1894, G. A. K. Marshall (BMNH); 21 ex. Shilouvane, 24°03’S / 30°23’E, I.1906, Rev. Junod (TMSA); 2 ex. New Hanover, Ntl., 29°51’S / 30°32’E, XII.1914, Hardenberg (BMNH); 5 ex., Pretoria, 25°42’S / 28°13’E, XII.1914, Ac.-P./ coll. D. Gunn (BMNH); 3 ex., Kroonstad, O.F.S., 27°39’S / 27°14’E, 1923, J. W. Hunt (NMK); 1 ex., Middelburg, Transvaal, 24°42’S / 26°46’E, II.1926, P. Wilhelm (MRAC); 2 ex., Tzaneen, 23°50’S / 30°10’E, II.1932, D. O. van Velden (BMNH); 1 ex. Durban, 29°48’S / 31°02’E, XII.1938, A. H. Newton (BMNH); 3 ex., Mt. Selinda, I. 1959, G. van Son (TMSA); 2 ex., Sabie, TVL., 25°06’S / 33°29’E, VIII.1962, T. A. P. de Beer (TMSA). Tanzania: 1 ex., Rubugwa, 5°15’S / 33°22’E, Trefurth (MNHU); 3 ex., Tanganyika-See, S. Böhm (MNHU); 2 ex., Uhehe, Iringa, 7°46’S / 35°42’E, E. Nigmann (MNHU); 1 ex., Uhehe, Dabaga, 8°07’S / 35°55’E, E. Nigmann (MNHU); 11 ex., Njassasee, Afr. or., 12°0’S / 34°30’E, Miss. de Witte (9 ex. IRSN, 2 ex. ZMUH); 4 ex., Nyassa, S. B. Spey (2 ex. Sharp Coll., 1 ex. Baly Coll., 1 ex. Fry Coll.; BMNH); 8 ex., Nyassa, Andrewes Request, (BMNH); 2 ex., Lindi, 10°0’S / 39°43’E, IV.1897, Fülleborn (MNHU); 1ex., Nyassa-See, Wiedhafen, 10°28’S / 34°35’E, II.1899, S. Fülleborn (MNHU). Uganda: 1 ex., Kakoma, 0°37’S / 31°35’E, Dr. Böhm (MNHU). Zambia: 8 ex., N. W. Rhodesia, Miss. de Witte (IRSN); 2 ex., Rhodesia du Nord, Le Moult vend. via Reinbek 1957 (ZMUH); 2 ex., Livingstone, Zambesi R., 17°36’S / 25°50’E, III.1913, H. C. Dollmann (BMNH); 2 ex., Mwengwa, 13°0’S / 27°40’E, II.1914, H. C. Dollmann (BMNH); 4 ex., Haut Zambèze, Lealui, 15°12’S / 22°59’E, 1919, V. Ellenberger (MNHN); 2 ex., Musosa, 8°23’S / 29°38’E, VII.1939, IV.1941, H. J. Bredo (IRSN); 20 ex., Abercorn, 8°50’S / 31°52’E, XI.1942 – IV.1944, H. J. Bredo (IRSN); 4 ex., Mweru-Wantipa, Chocha, 12°31’S / 31°08’E, I.1944, H. J. Bredo (IRSN); 6 ex., Mweru-Wantipa, Tupele, 8°43’S / 29°54’E, I.1944, H. J. Bredo (IRSN); 1 ex., Chingola district, 12°30’S / 27°45’E, X.1960, L. J. Magic (BMNH); 1 ex., Southern Prov., Monze to Kafue, 16°40’S / 27°25’E, XII.1970, M. Sedlacek (NNML). Zimbabwe: 2 ex., Mashonaland, 17°0’S / 31°0’E, XII.1898, G. A. K. Marshall (BMNH); 2 ex., Salisbury, 17°50’S / 31°03’E, XII.1984 und XII. 1898, Coll. M(arshall) (BMNH); 1 ex., Mt. Chirinda, 19°14’S / 32°14’E, XII.1901, G. A. K. Marshall (BMNH); 1 ex., Matopos, 20°25’S / 28°29’E, I.1904, P. A. Sheppard (BMNH); 2 ex., Hope Fountain, 20°16’S / 28°41’E, I.1922, Neville Jones (SANC); 1 ex., Salisbury, I.1944. E. C. G. Pinhey (SANC); 1 ex., Umtali, 18°58’S / 32°40’E, I.1962, A. Carnegie (BMNH); 3 ex., Msekera, 13°37’S / 32°26’E, II.2000 (BMNH).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EA500AFFA0C97584F1F9BEFAD7DE7A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Kortenhaus, Sabine;Wagner, Thomas	Kortenhaus, Sabine, Wagner, Thomas (2010): Revision of Ootheca Chevrolat, 1837 from tropical Africa — redescriptions, descriptions of new species and identification key (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae, Galerucinae). Zootaxa 2659: 1-52, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.276235
03EA500AFFA3C97884F1FB5DFD36D95A.text	03EA500AFFA3C97884F1FB5DFD36D95A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ootheca eddae	<div><p>Ootheca eddae sp. n.</p><p>(Figs 57–61)</p><p>Total length. 4.95–6.25 mm (mean: 5.48 mm, n = 22; Fig. 57).</p><p>Head. Brownish, ranging from pale yellow to reddish-brown. Antennae three basal antennomeres same colour as head, becoming dark brown from fourth antennomere to black towards apical antennomere; length ratios: second to third antennomere 0.50–0.70 (mean: 0.60); third to fourth antennomere 0.83–1.00 (mean: 0.87; Fig. 58). Maximal width of eye to minimal distance between eyes 0.50–0.60 (mean: 0.53).</p><p>Thorax. Pronotum: same colour as head, only one specimen out of 36 has dark head and contrasting yellowish pronotum; finely punctuated, latero-basal pronotal impression usually distinct; width: 2.05– 2.50 mm (mean: 2.29 mm); length 1.20–1.60 mm (mean: 1.36 mm); width to length ratio 1.60–1.80 (mean: 1.70). Elytra: black, only two possibly immature specimens have brown elytra; punctuation of elytra irregular, distinctly deeper and coarser than that of pronotum; length 4.00– 5.10 mm (mean: 4.41 mm); maximal width of elytra together 2.90–4.00 mm (mean: 3.38 mm); maximal width of elytra together to length of elytron 0.68–0.85 (mean: 0.77); slender. Scutellum, pro-, meso- and metathorax, and legs yellowish to reddish-brown, distal two thirds to half of tibia and tarsomeres dark brown to black. Length ratio of basi-metatarsus to metatibia 0.22–0.29 (mean: 0.24).</p><p>Abdomen. Yellow, red or brownish, corresponding with colour of thorax, i. e. underside unicolourous.</p><p>Male genitalia. Median lobe is slightly conical and slightly and evenly curved ventrally. Tectum consists of two short, slender, lateral tectorial spurs, partially covered by bulging margins of median lobe and widely separated basally. Basal part of endophallus long, undulated in lateral view, apex of endophallus free and clearly visible with a pair of sigmoidally curved spines (Fig. 59).</p><p>Diagnosis. Ootheca eddae sp. n. has a bicolourous dorsum with a yellowish- to reddish-brown head and pronotum and black elytra, as several other sympatrically distributed species. It is on average more slender than the abundant and widely distributed O. mutabilis and O. bennigseni, but overlap is large and specimens can not reliably differentiated by morphometrics. The median lobe is somewhat similar to that of O. mutabilis, but more conical towards the apex, and differs in the endophallic armature and structure of the tectorial spurs (Figs 10, 55).</p><p>Distribution. Along the Rift Valley from Ethiopia towards Malawi, southern Democratic Republic of the Congo and Zambia (Fig. 61).</p><p>Etymology. Named after Sabine Kortenhaus’ daughter Edda.</p><p>Type material. Holotype: male, “N. W. Rhodesia: Mwengwa., 27°40’E.13°S., 24.VI.1913, H. C. Dollman / H. C. Dollman Coll. 1919-79 / Holotypus Ootheca eddae Kortenhaus &amp; Wagner, 2010 / AfriGa specimen ID: 1866 specimen data documented 18.I.2010 ” (BMNH). Type locality: Zambia, 13°00’S / 27°40’E. Paratypes: 10 ex., female, first label same as holotype (BMNH; Fig. 60); Congo (Democratic Republic): 6 ex., Elisabethville, 11°40’S / 27°28’E, XI.1911, Miss. Agric. (MRAC); 2 ex., Sandoa, 9°41’S / 22°52’E, XII.1931, F. G. Overlaet (MRAC). Ethiopia: 1 ex., Abessinien, Neumann (MNHU). Malawi: 1 ex., S.E. shore L. Nyasa, btwn. Ft. Maguire &amp; Ft. Johnston, 13°39’S / 34°53’E, III.1910, S.A.Neave (BMNH). Rwanda: 2 ex., Gabiro, 1°32’S / 30°24’E, X.1932, L. Burgeon (MRAC). Tanzania: 1 ex., D. O. Afr., coll. Clavareau (MRAC); 1 ex., Uhehe, 1906/1907, Dr. Dempwolff (MNHU); 1 ex., Shinyanga, 3°33’S / 33°24’E, XII.1934, E. Burtt (BMNH); 19 ex., Msagaa/Mshughaa near Singida, 4°49’S / 34°45’E, X. XII.1935, E. Burtt (BMNH); 11 ex., Insel Ukerewe, 2°03’S / 33°0’E, XII.1960, Father Conrads (1 ex. MNHU, 10 ex. NMK). Uganda: 1 ex., Gulu, 2°47’N / 32°18’E, V.1925, Carpenter (BMNH). Zambia: 1 ex., Chingola district, 12°32’S / 27°51’E, XI.1960, L. J. Magic (BMNH).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EA500AFFA3C97884F1FB5DFD36D95A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Kortenhaus, Sabine;Wagner, Thomas	Kortenhaus, Sabine, Wagner, Thomas (2010): Revision of Ootheca Chevrolat, 1837 from tropical Africa — redescriptions, descriptions of new species and identification key (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae, Galerucinae). Zootaxa 2659: 1-52, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.276235
03EA500AFFAEC97E84F1FC65FEE3DB9A.text	03EA500AFFAEC97E84F1FC65FEE3DB9A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ootheca julianae	<div><p>Ootheca julianae sp. n.</p><p>(Figs 61–66)</p><p>Total length. 3.72–4.96 mm (mean: 4.30 mm, n = 20; Fig. 62).</p><p>Head. Dark brown to black, labrum somewhat paler. Basal five to six antennomeres contrasting yellow to yellowish-brown, other antennomeres brownish to dark brown; length ratios: second to third antennomere 0.75–1.00 (mean: 0.88); third to fourth antennomere 0.73–0.90 (mean: 0.76; Fig. 63). Eyes large, maximal width of eye to minimal distance between eyes ratio 0.59–0.69 (mean: 0.64).</p><p>Thorax. Prothorax yellowish- to reddish-brown. Pronotum: delicately punctuated, latero-basal impression indistinct to absent; width 1.48–1.92 mm (mean: 1.70 mm); length 0.88–1.20 mm (mean: 1.00 mm); width to length ratio 1.56–1.71 (mean: 1.62). Elytra yellowish- to light brown elytra as finely punctuated as pronotum, with more or less brown to black sutural and outer elytral margins including the humerus, dark outer elytral margins usually widening in the middle (Fig. 64); length 3.00–4.00 mm (mean: 3.40 mm); maximal width of elytra together 2.32–2.96 mm (mean: 2.87 mm); maximal width of elytra together to length of elytron 0.71– 0.82 (mean: 0.75); slender. Scutellum, meso- and metathorax dark brown to black. Legs: entirely yellowishbrown or distal two thirds of the tibiae and basal tarsomeres darker brown; length ratio of basi-metatarsus to metatibia 0.19–0.30 (mean: 0.24).</p><p>Abdomen. Yellowish- to light brown, paler than metasternum.</p><p>Male genitalia. The median lobe slightly constricted in the middle and strongly conical apically, with elongate, pointed tip. Tectum consists of two tectorial spurs, each with very broad base and upwardly curved apically. The sclerotised part of ductus ejaculatorius (basal part of the endophallus) very broad, apex of endophallus with two strong, ventrally curved, apically hooked spines that are covered by the tectum (Fig. 65).</p><p>Diagnosis. This species can be identified comparatively easily by colouration and its small size. It is most similar to O. variabilis that has also a completely dark brown to black head, but a dark brown to black underside and legs, while O. julianae sp. n. has predominantly yellowish legs. In questionable cases dissection is necessary. In colouration is also similar to O. ugandae sp. n., but O. julianae sp. n. is much smaller (3.72–4.96 mm; O. ugandae sp. n. 5.75–5.95 mm), and O. ugandae sp. n. has much more coarsely punctuated elytra, yellow outer elytral margins with a black sublateral stripe, and smaller eyes (maximal width of eye to minimal distance between eyes 0.53–0.60; O. julianae sp. n. 0.59–0.69). Furthermore, both species are allopatrically distributed.</p><p>Distribution. Occurs in south-eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, Rwanda and northern Tanzania towards Mocambique and Zimbabwe (Fig. 61).</p><p>Etymology. Named after Sabine Kortenhaus’ daughter Juliane.</p><p>Type material. Holotype: male, “Coll. Mus. Congo, Mitwaba (Manono), X.1947, H. Tazieff, col P. Basilewsky” / Holotypus Ootheca julianae Kortenhaus &amp; Wagner, 2010 / AfriGa specimen ID: 1867 specimen data documented 18.I.2010 (MRAC; Fig. 66). Type locality: Democratic Republic of the Congo (= Congo (Zaire)), 8°38’S / 27°20’E.</p><p>Paratypes: Congo (Democratic Republic): 7 ex., same data as holotype (MRAC); 1 ex., Elisabethville, 11°40’S / 27°28’E, X.1925, Ch. Seydel (MRAC); 2 ex. Katanga, Kasinga, 6°20’S / 26°59’E, X.1925, Ch. Seydel (MRAC). Mocambique: 1 ex., Chibababa, Lower Buzi R., XII.1906, C. F. M. Swynnerton (BMNH). Rwanda: 1 ex., Kibungu, 2°10’S / 30°32’E, X.1937, R. Verhulst (MRAC); 6 ex., Gabiro / terr. Biumba, 1300 m, 1°32’S / 30°24’E, XI.1953, P. Basilewsky (MRAC). Tanzania: 1 ex., Mwamgongo, 4°40’S / 29°35’E, XI.1943, Meneghetti (NMK). Zimbabwe: 1 ex., Salisbury, Mashonaland, 17°50’S / 31°03’E, XII.1899, G. A. K. Marshall (BMNH); 1 ex., Chirinda Forest, Mashonaland, 19°14’S / 32°14’E, V.1905, G. A. K. Marshall (BMNH).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EA500AFFAEC97E84F1FC65FEE3DB9A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Kortenhaus, Sabine;Wagner, Thomas	Kortenhaus, Sabine, Wagner, Thomas (2010): Revision of Ootheca Chevrolat, 1837 from tropical Africa — redescriptions, descriptions of new species and identification key (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae, Galerucinae). Zootaxa 2659: 1-52, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.276235
03EA500AFFA8C97C84F1FB60FCCDDAD1.text	03EA500AFFA8C97C84F1FB60FCCDDAD1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ootheca tilmani	<div><p>Ootheca tilmani sp. n.</p><p>(Figs 21, 67–70)</p><p>Total length. 4.88–6.60 mm (mean: 5.45 mm; n = 5; Fig. 67).</p><p>Head. Yellow. Antennae either entirely yellow or terminal four to six antennomeres brownish; length ratios: second to third antennomere 0.60–0.70 (mean: 0.67); third to fourth antennomere 0.83–1.00 (mean: 0.91; Fig. 68). Maximal width of eye to minimal distance between eyes ratio 0.48–0.54 (mean: 0.50).</p><p>Thorax. Yellow as for head. Pronotum finely punctuated, latero-basal impression indistinct, width 2.00– 2.40 mm (mean: 2.11 mm); length 1.15–1.40 mm (mean: 1.21 mm); pronotal width to length ratio 1.71–1.83 (mean: 1.75). Elytra broad, bright reddish-brown, punctuation of elytra irregular, coarser than that of pronotum; length 3.90–4.60 mm (mean: 4.03 mm); maximal width of elytra together 2.80–3.60 mm (mean: 3.12 mm); maximal width of elytra together to length of elytron ratio 0.73–0.82 (mean: 0.77). Scutellum, meso-, metathorax and femora yellow. Distal three quarters, in particular the dorsal part of tibia and the tarsi, dark brown to black. Length ratio of basi-metatarsus to metatibia 0.23–0.26 (mean: 0.25).</p><p>Abdomen. Yellow to yellowish-brown.</p><p>Male genitalia. The median lobe widens slightly in the distal third and has a very small apical protruberance. In lateral view strongly bent ventrally forming a distinct angle of about 50°, apical half very flat in lateral view. Tectum consists of two long, slender, slightly curved and apically outwardly hooked tectorial spurs. Endophallus slender with indistinct apical spines (Fig. 69).</p><p>Diagnosis. The colouration is quite distinctive for this species, with the head, pronotum and underside entirely yellow, in contrast with the reddish-brown elytra. The median lobe is slightly enlarged in the apical third, with long, sigmoidally curved tectorial spurs (Fig. 69).</p><p>Distribution. Only known from coastal areas of southern Kenya and Tanzania (Fig. 21). Etymology. Named after Sabine Kortenhaus’ son Tilman.</p><p>Type material examined. Holotypus: male, “ Mombasa, 3.21, van Someren” / Holotypus Ootheca tilmani Kortenhaus &amp; Wagner, 2010 / AfriGa specimen ID: 1870 specimen data documented 9.II.2010 (NMK; Fig. 70). Type locality: Kenya, Mombasa, 4°03’S / 39°40’E.</p><p>Paratypes: Kenya: 4 ex., Mobmasa [sic!], IX.1947, T. H. E. Jackson (NMK); 15 ex., Mombasa, III.1921, van Someren (BMNH). Mozambique: 1 ex., Port. O. Afr., M. Pucii (MNHU). Tanzania: 1 ex., Morogoro, 6°49’S / 37°40’E, Le Moult vend. via Reinbek (ZMUH).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EA500AFFA8C97C84F1FB60FCCDDAD1	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Kortenhaus, Sabine;Wagner, Thomas	Kortenhaus, Sabine, Wagner, Thomas (2010): Revision of Ootheca Chevrolat, 1837 from tropical Africa — redescriptions, descriptions of new species and identification key (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae, Galerucinae). Zootaxa 2659: 1-52, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.276235
03EA500AFFAAC97D84F1FC5DFA75DBF1.text	03EA500AFFAAC97D84F1FC5DFA75DBF1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ootheca ugandae	<div><p>Ootheca ugandae sp. n.</p><p>(Figs 61, 71–74)</p><p>Total length. 5.75–5.95 mm (mean: 5.83 mm; n = 4; Fig. 71).</p><p>Head. Dark brown with yellowish labrum. Four basal antennomeres yellowish, others gradually becoming darker towards apex; length ratios: second to third antennomere 0.55–0.67 (mean: 0.59); third to fourth antennomere 0.79–0.86 (mean: 0.81; Fig. 72). Maximal width of eyes to minimal distance between eyes ratio 0.53–0.60 (mean: 0.56).</p><p>Thorax. Prothorax dark brown. Pronotum yellowish usually with a small brown medio-basal spot; finely punctuated, anterior angles protruberant, latero-basal impression usually distinct; width 2.20–2.30 mm (mean: 2.24 mm); length 1.35–1.40 mm (mean: 1.38 mm); width to length 1.57–1.67 (mean: 1.62). Elytra: yellowish with a more or less broad dark brown to black sutural stripe (Fig. 72); punctuation much coarser than that of the pronotum; length 4.40–4.75 mm (mean: 4.47 mm); maximal width of elytra together 3.30–3.50 mm (mean: 3.38 mm); maximal width of elytra together to length of elytron 0.75–0.80 (mean: 0.76). Scutellum, meso- and metathorax dark brown. Legs: dark brown to black, femoral apex and base of tibia paler brownish colour; length ratio of basi-metatarsus to metatibia 0.19–0.28 (mean: 0.23).</p><p>Abdomen. Dark brown to black.</p><p>Male genitalia. Median lobe nearly rectangular in dorsal view, with a very small point at apex. Apical quarter very flat and strongly bent ventrally in lateral view. Tectum consists of two short, tectorial spurs, very broad basally and ventrally curved apically. Endophallus with basal part long and broad, one pair of spines, one close to the middle and the other almost beyond the apex (Fig. 73).</p><p>Diagnosis. Ootheca ugandae sp. n. is characterized by yellow elytra with a broad, dark brown to black stripe over the elytral suture. The stripe is usually wide basally near the scutellum and narrows towards the elytral apex. Furthermore, the yellow elytra have a narrow black sublateral stripe along the yellow lateral elytral margins. In size and colouration this species is most similar to some specimens of O. proteus, but the anterior pronotal angles are protruding distinctly in O. ugandae sp. n. while they are more rounded in O. proteus (Figs 17, 71). Without dissection of the male genitalia an allocation to one of these species is not always possible, as specimens of O. proteus with the same colouration do occur sympatrically. Furthermore, O. variabilis and O. julianae sp. n. are similar in colouration, but are on average smaller, have dark brown to black outer margins, finer elytral punctuation and the elytra are less convex.</p><p>Distribution. Only known from few sites in Uganda and Ethiopia (Fig. 61).</p><p>Etymology. Named after the country where the majority of specimens have been collected.</p><p>Type material. Holotype: male, “Karamoja, Uganda, April 1950, T. H. E. Jackson” / Holotypus Ootheca ugandae Kortenhaus &amp; Wagner, 2010 / AfriGa specimen ID: 1870 specimen data documented 18.I.2010 (NMK; Fig. 74). Type locality: Uganda 2°45’N / 34°15’E.</p><p>Paratypes: Ethiopia: 1 ex., Uha, X. 1912, Holtz (MNHU). Uganda: 2 ex., same data as holotype (NMK).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EA500AFFAAC97D84F1FC5DFA75DBF1	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Kortenhaus, Sabine;Wagner, Thomas	Kortenhaus, Sabine, Wagner, Thomas (2010): Revision of Ootheca Chevrolat, 1837 from tropical Africa — redescriptions, descriptions of new species and identification key (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae, Galerucinae). Zootaxa 2659: 1-52, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.276235
03EA500AFFB5C96084F1FB1FFDB4DAFA.text	03EA500AFFB5C96084F1FB1FFDB4DAFA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ootheca	<div><p>Checklist of Ootheca</p><p>The following list comprises all known species of Ootheca after our revision including synonymies:</p><p>Ootheca bennigseni Weise, 1900</p><p>= Ergana variceps Laboissière, 1939; syn. nov. Ootheca chapuisi (Jacoby, 1899)</p><p>Ootheca eddae sp. n.</p><p>Ootheca frontalis Laboissière, 1923</p><p>= Ootheca tinantae Laboissière, in litteris Ootheca julianae sp. n.</p><p>Ootheca kibonotensis Weise, 1909</p><p>Ootheca meridiana Grobbelaar, 2008 Ootheca mutabilis (Sahlberg, 1829)</p><p>= Malacosoma bicolor Allard, 1889; syn. nov.</p><p>= Ootheca punctata Laboissière, 1931; syn. nov. Ootheca orientalis Weise, 1900</p><p>= Ootheca flavipes Laboissière, in litteris Ootheca proteus (Chapuis, 1879)</p><p>= Ootheca bifrons Laboissière, 1925, in litteris</p><p>= Ergana bifrons Laboissière, 1937; syn. nov. Ootheca tilmani sp. n.</p><p>Ootheca ugandae sp. n.</p><p>Ootheca variabilis (Laboissière, 1920)</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EA500AFFB5C96084F1FB1FFDB4DAFA	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Kortenhaus, Sabine;Wagner, Thomas	Kortenhaus, Sabine, Wagner, Thomas (2010): Revision of Ootheca Chevrolat, 1837 from tropical Africa — redescriptions, descriptions of new species and identification key (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae, Galerucinae). Zootaxa 2659: 1-52, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.276235
