identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
03EA5C14CA19855FFDD7FB93FEEB8202.text	03EA5C14CA19855FFDD7FB93FEEB8202.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Prionoceratoidea Hyatt 1884	<div><p>Superfamily Prionoceratoidea Hyatt, 1884</p><p>[nom. transl. Bogoslovsky (1971: 94), pro Prionocerae Hyatt, 1884; nom. correct. Kullmann (2009: 2), pro Prionocerataceae]</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Superfamily of the suborder Tornoceratina with discoidal to globular, primarily involute conchs without coarse ornament. Many modifications of the conch shape during ontogeny and phylogeny; advanced forms may possess a wide umbilicus and may bear a coarse ornament. Basic suture line with the elements E A L I, development of supplementary external, adventive, lateral and umbilical lobes occur in various lineages. Ornament primarily with growth lines only; ribs are developed in some lineages. Growth lines have a convex course in the early forms, but there are trends toward biconvex growth lines in many lineages (after Korn &amp; Klug 2002).</p><p>Included families</p><p>Prionoceratidae Hyatt, 1884; Cheiloceratidae Frech, 1897; Sporadoceratidae Miller &amp; Furnish, 1957; Praeglyphioceratidae Ruzhencev, 1957; Maximitidae Ruzhencev, 1960; Gattendorfiidae Bartzsch &amp; Weyer, 1987 .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EA5C14CA19855FFDD7FB93FEEB8202	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Korn, Dieter;Weyer, Dieter	Korn, Dieter, Weyer, Dieter (2023): The ammonoids from the Gattendorfia Limestone of Oberrödinghausen (Early Carboniferous; Rhenish Mountains, Germany). European Journal of Taxonomy 882: 1-230, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2023.882.2177, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2023.882.2177
03EA5C14CA19855EFDF1F905FEF885F4.text	03EA5C14CA19855EFDF1F905FEF885F4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Prionoceratidae Hyatt 1884	<div><p>Family Prionoceratidae Hyatt, 1884</p><p>[nom. correct. Bogoslovsky (1971: 180), pro Prionocerae Hyatt, 1884]</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Family of the superfamily Prionoceratoidea with the sutural formula E A L U I or (E 1 E m E 1) A L U I in some advanced forms; adventive lobe deep, V-shaped or lanceolate and pointed, only rarely blunt; the lateral lobe has a position on the umbilical seam. Conch in the juvenile stage usually subinvolute, in some lineages subevolute or evolute; adult stage usually involute, but subinvolute in some genera. Shell ornament with fine to coarse growth lines, mostly without ribs.</p><p>Included subfamilies</p><p>Prionoceratinae Hyatt, 1884; Imitoceratinae Ruzhencev, 1950; Karagandoceratinae Librovitch, 1957; Voehringeritinae Bartzsch &amp; Weyer, 1988; Acutimitoceratinae Korn, 1994; Balviinae Korn in Korn &amp; Klug, 2002.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EA5C14CA19855EFDF1F905FEF885F4	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Korn, Dieter;Weyer, Dieter	Korn, Dieter, Weyer, Dieter (2023): The ammonoids from the Gattendorfia Limestone of Oberrödinghausen (Early Carboniferous; Rhenish Mountains, Germany). European Journal of Taxonomy 882: 1-230, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2023.882.2177, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2023.882.2177
03EA5C14CA18855DFDE2FE50FAFD80BD.text	03EA5C14CA18855DFDE2FE50FAFD80BD.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Prionoceratinae Hyatt 1884	<div><p>Subfamily Prionoceratinae Hyatt, 1884</p><p>[nom. transl. Bartzsch &amp; Weyer (1988a: 136), pro Prionocerae Hyatt, 1884]</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Subfamily of the family Prionoceratidae with the sutural formula E A L U I, adventive lobe V-shaped or lanceolate, pointed. Conch in the juvenile stage usually subinvolute, rarely subevolute; adult stage involute or subinvolute. Coiling rate usually very low or low (WER = 1.40–1.75). Shell ornament with fine to coarse growth lines, without ribs.</p><p>Included genera</p><p>Prionoceras Hyatt, 1884; Haugiceras Cossmann 1900 [synonym of Prionoceras]; Postprolobites Wedekind, 1913 [synonym of Prionoceras]; Paragattendorfia Schindewolf, 1924; Cunitoceras Weyer, 1972 [problematic genus]; Mimimitoceras Korn, 1988; Globimitoceras Korn, 1993; Rectimitoceras Becker 1996 [synonym of Mimimitoceras]; Kornia Ebbighausen &amp; Bockwinkel, 2007 .</p><p>Morphology</p><p>The species of the subfamily Prionoceratinae are characterised by a simple conch geometry; the conch is sometimes discoidal but more often pachyconic to globular with a nearly closed or closed umbilicus and almost always a very low or low coiling rate. This morphology is shared by the two main genera Prionoceras and Mimimitoceras (e.g., Korn et al. 2014, 2015). Another common feature of the two genera are the shell constrictions, which are present in all species at least in the early stage of ontogeny. Almost all species have a shell ornament consisting only of growth lines; these almost always have a convex course on the flank and form a broad, shallow ventral sinus.</p><p>The suture line also shows little variation. It consists of the basic elements E A L U I; the shape of the external and adventive lobe varies between species. Usually, species with a discoidal conch show a narrower, sometimes lanceolate external lobe, while in globular species it is often broader and V-shaped. A deviation from this rule, however, is Globimitoceras with a globular conch but a very narrow external lobe.</p><p>Ontogeny</p><p>The species of the subfamily underwent a comparatively simple ontogenetic development; this means that the morphology of juveniles and adults does not differ markedly. Conch allometry is usually weakly developed; the ontogenetic trajectories (Korn 2012) are often monophasic with a simple decrease of the ww/dm ratio, for example. These simple ontogenetic trajectories are mainly caused by the small width of the umbilicus in the juvenile stage. Therefore, the whorl profiles are rather similar at all growth stages and range from C-shaped to horseshoe-shaped. Only the trend towards more slender conchs that is present in most Palaeozoic ammonoids is evident.</p><p>Phylogeny</p><p>The Prionoceratinae are the ancestral subfamily of the family Prionoceratidae and thus of all post Devonian ammonoids. The prionoceratids of the Famennian formed only one previously known side branch, the subfamily Balviinae with its paedomorphic conchs (Korn 1992a, 1995a, 1995b) is distinguished by divergent morphologies. Several side branches formed in the earliest Carboniferous. The most successful of these is the subfamily Acutimitoceratinae, described in more detail below. Less successful side branches are the genera Globimitoceras, Kornia and Paragattendorfia, all of them restricted to the Early and Middle Tournaisian, but apparently extinct without descendants.</p><p>Stratigraphic occurrence</p><p>The subfamily Prionoceratinae has its main distribution in the middle and late Famennian, where several species can be used as index species (Korn et al. 2014, 2015) and help to establish a stratigraphic scheme that complements the clymeniid-based zonation.According to current knowledge, the Prionoceratinae are one of the few ammonoid lineages that survived the Hangenberg Event at the Devonian–Carboniferous boundary (Korn 1986, 1993, 2000; Becker 1993; Kullmann 2000). In contrast to the “failed survivors”, the cymaclymeniids, which survived the biocrisis with few forms but became extinct shortly afterwards (Korn 1990; Korn et al. 2004), the evolution of the prionoceratids is, in contrast to the cymaclymeniids, not a “dead clade walking” (Jablonski 2002), but the evolution of a group with a very successful radiation in the Early Carboniferous. However, this successful radiation was caused by flourishing of the subfamily Acutimitoceratinae, while the genera of the Prionoceratinae have only a short stratigraphic range, apparently restricted to the early and middle Tournaisian. The late Tournaisian record of the problematic species Cunitoceras schindewolfi Weyer, 1972 in the Harz Mountains requires confirmation.</p><p>Geographic occurrence</p><p>The Prionoceratinae are a subfamily with an almost global distribution in the Middle and Late Famennian; in the Early and Middle Tournaisian the distribution is significantly restricted. The most important occurrences in Europe are in the Rhenish Mountains (Vöhringer 1960; Korn 1994; Korn &amp; Weyer 2003), Franconia (Schindewolf 1923; Korn 1994), Thuringia (Weyer 1977), questionably the Harz Mountains (Schindewolf 1951), Silesia (Dzik 1997), the Carnic Alps (Korn 1992b) and the Montagne Noire (Becker &amp; Weyer 2004; Korn &amp; Feist 2007). Early Carboniferous species are also known from the Anti-Atlas (Bockwinkel &amp; Ebbighausen 2006), the South Urals (Popov 1975), Guizhou (Ruan 1981), Karaganda (Librovitch 1940) and (questionably) Michigan (Winchell 1862; Miller &amp; Garner 1955).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EA5C14CA18855DFDE2FE50FAFD80BD	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Korn, Dieter;Weyer, Dieter	Korn, Dieter, Weyer, Dieter (2023): The ammonoids from the Gattendorfia Limestone of Oberrödinghausen (Early Carboniferous; Rhenish Mountains, Germany). European Journal of Taxonomy 882: 1-230, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2023.882.2177, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2023.882.2177
03EA5C14CA1B855CFD81FB68FA9E86E4.text	03EA5C14CA1B855CFD81FB68FA9E86E4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mimimitoceras Korn 1988	<div><p>Genus Mimimitoceras Korn, 1988</p><p>Type species</p><p>Mimimitoceras trizonatum Korn, 1988; original designation.</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Genus of the subfamily Prionoceratinae with a discoidal to globular conch; umbilicus in the early juvenile stage slightly opened in most of the species and usually rapidly closing during the early whorls. External lobe usually V-shaped in globular species and lanceolate in discoidal species. Shell constrictions accompanied by an apertural shell bulge in the early and middle growth stage, internal shell thickenings usually cause deep steinkern constrictions throughout ontogeny.</p><p>Included species</p><p>Species lists including the Devonian species of the genus were published several times (Korn 1994; Korn &amp; Klug 2002; Korn et al. 2015). The following Carboniferous species of Mimimitoceras are known from:</p><p>Central Europe (Schindewolf 1923; Korn 1992b, 1993): Postprolobites varicosus Schindewolf, 1923; Mimimitoceras crestaverde Korn, 1992; Mimimitoceras hoennense Korn, 1993; Mimimitoceras perditum sp. nov.</p><p>North Africa (Bockwinkel &amp; Ebbighausen 2006): Mimimitoceras mina sp. nov.</p><p>Remarks</p><p>Mimimitoceras was revised with the description of Devonian North African material by Korn et al. (2015). The genus occurs in late Famennian ammonoid assemblages with numerous species; only two species are known so far from the basal Carboniferous Hangenberg Limestone of the Rhenish Mountains.</p><p>Mimimitoceras is easily distinguished from the other genera of the subfamily Prionoceratinae by the presence of a bulging radial ridge in front of the shell constrictions (Korn 1988c). This bulge is usually not present throughout ontogeny; the shell constrictions may disappear in the adult stage. In some stratigraphically older species, such as M. lineare (Münster, 1839) from the Late Famennian Clymenia laevigata Zone, they may be restricted to the juvenile stage. Based on this very minor variation, which rather describes a difference between species, Becker (1996) proposed the genus Rectimitoceras .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EA5C14CA1B855CFD81FB68FA9E86E4	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Korn, Dieter;Weyer, Dieter	Korn, Dieter, Weyer, Dieter (2023): The ammonoids from the Gattendorfia Limestone of Oberrödinghausen (Early Carboniferous; Rhenish Mountains, Germany). European Journal of Taxonomy 882: 1-230, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2023.882.2177, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2023.882.2177
03EA5C14CA1A8557FD9DFD57FAB88679.text	03EA5C14CA1A8557FD9DFD57FAB88679.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mimimitoceras perditum Korn & Weyer 2023	<div><p>Mimimitoceras perditum sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: FD477B07-4D4B-4C66-8704-F1EA9479CABB</p><p>Figs 12–15; Tables 2–3</p><p>Imitoceras varicosum – Vöhringer 1960: 122, pl. 2 fig. 1, text-fig. 4.</p><p>Mimimitoceras varicosum – Korn 1992a: 33; 1994: 22, text-figs 19a, c, 20c–d, 21f, 22c, 64e–f. — Becker 1996: 35, pl. 1 figs 4–5. — Sprey 2002: 52, text-fig. 17a. — Korn &amp; Weyer 2003: text-fig. 14a.</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Species of Mimimitoceras with a conch reaching about 90 mm diameter. Conch thinly globular and subinvolute juvenile stage (ww/dm ~0.90; uw/dm ~0.20 at 2 mm dm), thinly pachyconic and involute in the adult stage (ww/dm ~0.60 at 45 mm dm); umbilicus closed at 8 mm dm. Whorl profile depressed in all stages up to 50 mm dm; coiling rate very low or low (WER ~1.50) up to 20 mm dm, thereafter slowly increasing to 1.75. Ornament with fine and sharp, narrow-standing growth lines with nearly linear course in the subadult stage but weakly convex course in the adult stage. Weak shell constrictions with nearly straight course up to 20 mm dm; adult stage only with internal shell thickenings. Suture line with very narrow, lanceolate external lobe and very narrow, symmetric, V-shaped adventive lobe.</p><p>Etymology</p><p>From the Latin ‘ perditum ’ = ‘lost, hopeless’; named after the position of the species near the extinction of the clade.</p><p>Material examined</p><p>Holotype</p><p>GERMANY • Rhenish Mountains, Oberrödinghausen, railway cutting; Hangenberg Limestone, bed 2; Vöhringer Coll.; illustrated by Korn (1994: text-fig. 19a), re-illustrated here in Fig. 12A; GPIT-PV- 63861.</p><p>Paratypes</p><p>GERMANY • 2 specimens; Rhenish Mountains, Oberrödinghausen, railway cutting; Hangenberg Limestone, bed 1; Vöhringer Coll.; GPIT-PV- 63863, GPIT-PV- 64013 • 2 specimens; Rhenish Mountains, Oberrödinghausen, railway cutting; Hangenberg Limestone, bed 2; Vöhringer Coll.; GPIT- PV- 63864, GPIT-PV- 63873 • 1 specimen; Rhenish Mountains, Oberrödinghausen, railway cutting; Hangenberg Limestone, bed 5; Vöhringer Coll.; GPIT-PV- 63862 • 2 specimens; Rhenish Mountains, Oberrödinghausen, railway cutting; Hangenberg Limestone, bed 1; Vöhringer Coll.; MB.C. 31051.1– 2 • 3 specimens; Rhenish Mountains, Oberrödinghausen, railway cutting; Hangenberg Limestone, bed 2; Vöhringer Coll.; MB.C. 31052.1–3 • 1 specimen; Rhenish Mountains, Oberrödinghausen, railway cutting; Hangenberg Limestone, bed 5; Vöhringer Coll.; MB.C. 31053 • 3 specimens; Rhenish Mountains, Oberrödinghausen, railway cutting; Hangenberg Limestone, loose material; Vöhringer Coll.; MB.C.31054.1– 3 • 1 specimen; Rhenish Mountains, Oberrödinghausen, railway cutting; Hangenberg Limestone, loose material; Korn 1982 Coll.; MB.C. 31055 • 1 specimen; Rhenish Mountains, Oberrödinghausen, railway cutting; Hangenberg Limestone, upper part; Weyer 1993–1994 Coll.; MB.C. 31056 • 1 specimen; Rhenish Mountains, Oese, old quarry; Hangenberg Limestone, bed 11; Weyer &amp; Korn 2000 Coll.; MB.C. 5263 .</p><p>Description</p><p>Holotype GPIT-PV-63861 is a fairly well-preserved internal mould with 62 mm diameter. It has a thickly discoidal conch morphology (ww/dm = 0.52) and a closed umbilicus (Fig. 12A). The conch is widest near the rounded umbilical margin; from there the flanks slowly converge towards the broadly rounded venter. The coiling rate is low (WER = 1.70). The internal mould shows two constrictions 90 degrees apart. Remains of the shell show delicate growth lines with weakly biconvex course and a shallow shell constriction without an apertural shell bulge.</p><p>Paratype GPIT-PV-63873 is, with 82 mm conch diameter, the largest of the present specimens (Fig. 13). Corresponding to the general ontogenetic trend towards more slender conchs, it is thickly discoidal at this growth stage (ww/dm = 0.49); the whorl profile is weakly compressed in this growth stage (ww/wh = 0.87).</p><p>Paratype GPIT-PV-63864 shows the subadult morphology at 19 mm diameter (Fig. 12B). The conch is pachyconic (ww/dm = 0.72) with broadly rounded flanks and venter and has a low coiling rate (WER = 1.56). The shell bears constrictions at 90 degree intervals; they extend with an almost straight course across the flanks and the venter. These fine constrictions are accompanied on the apertural side by a low radial bulge.</p><p>The suture line of paratype GPIT-PV-64013 is characterised by very narrow lobes (Fig. 14F). Both the lanceolate external lobe and the almost symmetrical, V-shaped adventive lobe have only about one third of the width of the broadly rounded, somewhat asymmetrical ventrolateral saddle.</p><p>Vöhringer had already produced eight cross sections, but he only used one of them for his publication. All of them are now presented here (Figs 14A–E, 15). These cross sections show very similar conch geometries and ontogenetic pathways; intraspecific variation is apparently rather low. It should be noted that the variation decreases during ontogeny for all four cardinal conch parameters.</p><p>All cross sections show very similar whorl profiles, which are already horseshoe-shaped in the juvenile stage at about 5 mm conch diameter. During ontogeny, however, the ww/wh ratio decreases continuously from an average value of 2.00 at 1 mm dm to a value of 1.35 at 20 mm dm (Fig. 14I). In the adult stage of 80 mm conch diameter, the value is only 0.90. The umbilicus is slightly open in the juvenile stage at 2 mm conch diameter with a uw/dm ratio reaching a value of 0.20, but the umbilicus is completely closed already at about 8 mm conch diameter. The coiling rate remains low during ontogeny; it increases only in the adult stage, but remains below a value of 1.75 (Fig. 14J).</p><p>Remarks</p><p>The material described here as the new species Mimimitoceras perditum sp. nov. was previously (Vöhringer 1960; Korn 1994) attributed to the species originally described by Schindewolf (1923) as “ Postprolobites varicosus ”. However, Mimimitoceras varicosum has a stouter conch than M. perditum and biconvex growth lines and constrictions. M. varicosum is most probably from the latest Famennian or earliest Tournaisian part of the Gattendorfia Limestone, because at Gattendorf only assemblages corresponding to either the “Stockum level” or the basal part of the Gattendorfia Limestone are known. M. perditum, on the other hand, occurs at Oberrödinghausen predominantly in the upper portion of the Gattendorfia Limestone.</p><p>Mimimitoceras perditum sp. nov. differs from M. hoennense in the stouter conch (ww/dm ~0.65 at 30 mm dm in M. perditum but only ~ 0.50 in M. hoennense). The new species differs from the Late Devonian species M. trizonatum Korn, 1988, M. liratum (Schmidt, 1924) and M. fuerstenbergi Korn, 1992, which possess rather stout conchs, in the nearly straight course of the growth lines and the weaker shell constrictions.</p><p>Vöhringer (1960) already reported“ Imitoceras varicosum ” from near the base of the Hangenberg Limestone (bed 5), and, separated by a gap in the occurrence, from beds 2 and 1 at the top of the unit. Indeed, a few specimens from bed 5 are available in the Vöhringer collection. However, new collections did not produce any identifiable specimens of Mimimitoceras from the basal part of the Gattendorfia Limestone.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EA5C14CA1A8557FD9DFD57FAB88679	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Korn, Dieter;Weyer, Dieter	Korn, Dieter, Weyer, Dieter (2023): The ammonoids from the Gattendorfia Limestone of Oberrödinghausen (Early Carboniferous; Rhenish Mountains, Germany). European Journal of Taxonomy 882: 1-230, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2023.882.2177, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2023.882.2177
03EA5C14CA118555FDFDFDC2FD0B80BC.text	03EA5C14CA118555FDFDFDC2FD0B80BC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mimimitoceras hoennense Korn 1993	<div><p>Mimimitoceras hoennense Korn, 1993</p><p>Figs 7A, 16–17; Tables 4–5</p><p>Mimimitoceras hoennense Korn, 1993: 585 .</p><p>Imitoceras liratum – Vöhringer 1960: 125, pl. 2 fig. 2, text-fig. 5.</p><p>Mimimitoceras hoennense – Korn 1994: 18, text-figs 19b, d, 20e, 21e, 22d. — Korn &amp; Weyer 2003: 100, pl. 2 figs 3–4.</p><p>“ Mimimitoceras ” hoennense – Becker &amp; Weyer 2004: 22, text-figs 3a, 5c, 14–16.</p><p>non Mimimitoceras hoennense – Bockwinkel &amp; Ebbighausen, 2006: 93, text-figs 6, 7c–d.</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Species of Mimimitoceras a conch reaching about 50 mm diameter. Conch thickly discoidal and involute (ww/dm ~0.55 at 30 mm dm); umbilicus closed at 8 mm dm. Whorl profile weakly depressed up to 30 mm dm and weakly compressed thereafter; coiling rate low (WER ~1.65). Ornament with fine and sharp, narrow-standing growth lines with convex course. Weak shell constrictions with convex course. Suture line with moderately wide, V-shaped external lobe and moderately wide, symmetric, V-shaped adventive lobe.</p><p>Material examined</p><p>Holotype</p><p>GERMANY • Rhenish Mountains, Oberrödinghausen, railway cutting; Hangenberg Limestone, bed 2; Vöhringer Coll.; illustrated by Korn (1994, text-fig. 19b), re-illustrated in Fig. 16A; GPIT-PV- 63884.</p><p>Paratypes</p><p>GERMANY • 1 specimen; Rhenish Mountains, Oberrödinghausen, railway cutting; Hangenberg Limestone, bed 3d; Vöhringer Coll.; GPIT-PV- 63867 • 1 specimen; Rhenish Mountains, Oberrödinghausen, railway cutting; Hangenberg Limestone, bed 4; Vöhringer Coll.; GPIT-PV- 63866 .</p><p>Additional material</p><p>GERMANY • 1 specimen; Rhenish Mountains, Oberrödinghausen, railway cutting; Hangenberg Limestone, bed 5; Vöhringer Coll.; MB.C. 31057 • 1 specimen; Rhenish Mountains, Oberrödinghausen, railway cutting; Hangenberg Limestone, bed 2b; Weyer 1993–1994 Coll.; MB.C. 31058 • 2 specimens; Rhenish Mountains, Oberrödinghausen, railway cutting; Hangenberg Limestone, bed 3b; Weyer 1993– 1994 Coll.; MB.C. 31059.1–2 • 1 specimen; Rhenish Mountains, Oberrödinghausen, railway cutting; Hangenberg Limestone, bed 3e; Weyer 1993–1994 Coll.; MB.C. 31060 • 1 specimen; Rhenish Mountains, Hasselbachtal; Hangenberg Limestone, bed 59; Weyer 1993–1994 Coll.; MB.C. 5241.2.</p><p>Description</p><p>Holotype GPIT-PV-63884 is a moderately preserved specimen with a diameter of 36.5 mm (Fig. 16A); it is strongly affected by preparation, but shows its ornamentation in addition to the conch form. The conch is thickly discoidal (ww/dm = 0.50) and completely involute (uw/dm = 0.01). On the shell surface very fine, wide growth lines with convex course are visible. In addition, fine shell constrictions occur at irregular intervals, which are accompanied by a barely discernible radial bulge on the apertural side.</p><p>The suture line of paratype GPIT-PV-63866 shows a narrow, V-shaped external lobe, which is accompanied by a symmetrical saddle that is rather narrowly rounded at the top. The V-shaped adventive lobe is also symmetrical (Fig. 17B).</p><p>The sectioned paratype GPIT-PV-63867 only allows a view into two whorls of maximum 15.5 mm conch diameter (Fig. 17A). These whorls are very similar in their horseshoe-shaped profile; only the ww/dm and ww/wh ratios decrease slightly (Fig. 17 D-E).</p><p>Remarks</p><p>Mimimitoceras hoennense can be distinguished from M. perditum sp. nov. by the more slender conch (ww/dm at 20 mm dm ~0.60, but ~ 0.70 in M. perditum). Mimimitoceras hoennense differs from the Late Devonian species of the genus with a slender conch, in the strongly convex course of the growth lines, which are slightly biconvex in M. geminum Korn, 1992, nearly straight in M. lentum Korn, 1992 and weakly convex in M. alternum Korn, 1992 .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EA5C14CA118555FDFDFDC2FD0B80BC	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Korn, Dieter;Weyer, Dieter	Korn, Dieter, Weyer, Dieter (2023): The ammonoids from the Gattendorfia Limestone of Oberrödinghausen (Early Carboniferous; Rhenish Mountains, Germany). European Journal of Taxonomy 882: 1-230, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2023.882.2177, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2023.882.2177
03EA5C14CA138554FDA5FA9EFDE48266.text	03EA5C14CA138554FDA5FA9EFDE48266.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mimimitoceras mina Korn & Weyer 2023	<div><p>Mimimitoceras mina sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: BF32EC27-3412-4B7A-83E0-5B5A5097B3F0</p><p>Tables 6–7</p><p>Mimimitoceras hoennense – Bockwinkel &amp; Ebbighausen 2006: 93, text-figs 6, 7c–d. Mimimitoceras varicosum – Bockwinkel &amp; Ebbighausen 2006: 94, text-figs 7a–b, 8.</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Species of Mimimitoceras with thinly globular and involute conch at 5 mm dm (ww/dm ~0.85; uw/ dm ~0.03); thinly pachyconic and involute conch at 15 mm dm (ww/dm ~0.70; uw/dm ~0.01). Whorl profile at 15 mm dm weakly depressed (ww/wh ~1.25); coiling rate low (WER ~1.65). Venter broadly rounded throughout ontogeny. Prominent internal shell thickenings with concavo-convex course. Suture line with very narrow, lanceolate external lobe and very narrow, symmetric, V-shaped adventive lobe.</p><p>Etymology</p><p>Acronym for Mimimitoceras from North Africa.</p><p>Material examined</p><p>Holotype</p><p>MOROCCO • Anti-Atlas, Mfis near Taouz, bed 9; Bockwinkel &amp; Ebbighausen Coll.; illustrated by Bockwinkel &amp; Ebbighausen (2006: text-fig. 7a–b); MB.C. 3824.2.</p><p>Paratypes</p><p>MOROCCO • 30 specimens; Anti-Atlas, Mfis near Taouz, bed 9; Bockwinkel &amp; Ebbighausen Coll.; MB.C.3823.1–19, MB.C.3824.1, MB.C. 3824.3–12 .</p><p>Description</p><p>The species newly described here has been treated in detail by Bockwinkel &amp; Ebbighausen (2006), so reference can be made here to that description.</p><p>Remarks</p><p>The material described here as the new species Mimimitoceras mina sp. nov. was placed in the two species M. hoennense and M. varicosum by Bockwinkel &amp; Ebbighausen (2006). In fact, however, the differences within this material are so small that a species separation can hardly be justified.</p><p>Mimimitoceras mina sp. nov. resembles M. perditum sp. nov. in conch shape, but the whorl profile shows convergent flanks in M. mina, which are broadly rounded in M. perditum; the widest part of the conch is near the umbilicus in M. mina and near the middle of the flanks in M. perditum . Another difference lies in the course of the constrictions; these run almost linearly in M. perditum, but with a distinct lateral sinus and ventral sinus in M. mina .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EA5C14CA138554FDA5FA9EFDE48266	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Korn, Dieter;Weyer, Dieter	Korn, Dieter, Weyer, Dieter (2023): The ammonoids from the Gattendorfia Limestone of Oberrödinghausen (Early Carboniferous; Rhenish Mountains, Germany). European Journal of Taxonomy 882: 1-230, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2023.882.2177, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2023.882.2177
03EA5C14CA128553FD80F9A2FDB587CF.text	03EA5C14CA128553FD80F9A2FDB587CF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Globimitoceras Korn 1993	<div><p>Genus Globimitoceras Korn, 1993</p><p>Type species</p><p>Globimitoceras globiforme Vöhringer, 1960; original designation.</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Genus of the subfamily Prionoceratinae with globular conch in the juvenile and adult stage. Umbilicus almost closed throughout ontogeny. Growth lines fine and straight, without shell constrictions but with internal shell thickenings. Suture line with very narrow external and adventive lobes.</p><p>Genus composition</p><p>Central Europe (Vöhringer 1960): Imitoceras globiforme Vöhringer, 1960 .</p><p>South Europe (Korn &amp; Feist 2007): Globimitoceras albaillei Korn &amp; Feist, 2007 .</p><p>North Africa (Ebbighausen &amp; Bockwinkel 2007): Globimitoceras rharrhizense Ebbighausen &amp; Bockwinkel, 2007 .</p><p>South China (Sun &amp; Shen 1965): Imitoceras sphericum Sun &amp; Shen, 1965 .</p><p>Remarks</p><p>Globimitoceras contains prionoceratid ammonoids that possess a spherical, subinvolute or involute conch throughout ontogeny but, unlike Mimimitoceras, do not possess shell constrictions. The aperture is very low at all stages; the whorl expansion rate rarely exceeds a value of 1.50.</p><p>Kullmann (2009) did not accept Globimitoceras as a valid genus and placed it in the synonymy of Paragattendorfia . He justified this by stating that Globimitoceras was introduced for species that only differ in the narrow umbilicus throughout almost the entire ontogeny. However, the genus is not only separated from Paragattendorfia by the width of the umbilicus alone but also by differences in the suture line. While Globimitoceras has very narrow external and adventive lobes, these are broader and V-shaped in Paragattendorfia; furthermore, the ventrolateral saddle is broadly rounded in Globimitoceras but narrow in Paragattendorfia .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EA5C14CA128553FD80F9A2FDB587CF	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Korn, Dieter;Weyer, Dieter	Korn, Dieter, Weyer, Dieter (2023): The ammonoids from the Gattendorfia Limestone of Oberrödinghausen (Early Carboniferous; Rhenish Mountains, Germany). European Journal of Taxonomy 882: 1-230, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2023.882.2177, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2023.882.2177
03EA5C14CA158550FDC4FC70FD4A8710.text	03EA5C14CA158550FDC4FC70FD4A8710.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Globimitoceras globiforme (Vohringer 1960)	<div><p>Globimitoceras globiforme (Vöhringer, 1960)</p><p>Figs 7B, 18–19; Tables 8–9</p><p>Imitoceras globiforme Vöhringer, 1960: 145, pl. 1 fig. 2, text-fig. 22.</p><p>Globimitoceras globiforme – Korn 1993: 585; 1994: 36, text-figs 31a–b, 32a–c, 63b; 2006: text-fig. 3f. — Korn &amp; Weyer 2003: 96, pl. 1 figs 11–12. — Sprey 2002, pl. 3 fig.5. — Becker &amp; Weyer 2004: 18, text-fig. 3i–j. — Korn &amp; Feist 2007: 103, text-fig. 4g –h.</p><p>non Imitoceras (Imitoceras) globiforme – Ruan 1981: 76, pl. 17 figs 1–16.</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Species of Globimitoceras with a conch reaching 60 mm diameter. Conch at 25 mm dm thinly globular (ww/dm ~0.95). Whorl profile at 25 mm dm moderately depressed (ww/wh ~1.80); coiling rate very low (WER ~1.45). Venter broadly rounded. Growth lines very fine with nearly linear course. Without constrictions on the shell surface; with internal shell thickenings. Suture line with very narrow, V-shaped external lobe and very narrow, V-shaped adventive lobe.</p><p>Material examined</p><p>Holotype</p><p>GERMANY • Rhenish Mountains, Oberrödinghausen, railway cutting; Hangenberg Limestone, bed 2; Vöhringer Coll.; illustrated by Vöhringer (1960: pl. 1 fig. 2a–b), Korn (1994: text-fig. 31b), Sprey (2002: pl. 3 fig. 5) and Korn (2006: text-fig. 3f); re-illustrated here in Fig. 18C; GPIT-PV- 63925.</p><p>Paratypes</p><p>GERMANY • 1 specimen; Rhenish Mountains, Oberrödinghausen, railway cutting; Hangenberg Limestone, bed 2; Vöhringer Coll.; GPIT-PV- 63923 • 1 specimen; Rhenish Mountains, Oberrödinghausen, railway cutting; Hangenberg Limestone, bed 3b; Vöhringer Coll.; GPIT-PV- 63921 • 2 specimens; Rhenish Mountains, Oberrödinghausen, railway cutting; Hangenberg Limestone, bed 3e; Vöhringer Coll.; GPIT-PV-63934, GPIT-PV-63998.</p><p>Additional material</p><p>GERMANY • 1specimen; RhenishMountains, Oberrödinghausen,railwaycutting; HangenbergLimestone, loose material; Korn 1977 Coll.; MB.C. 31061 • 1 specimen; Rhenish Mountains, Oberrödinghausen, railway cutting; Hangenberg Limestone, bed 3b; Weyer 1993–1994 Coll.; MB.C. 31062 • 2 specimens; Rhenish Mountains, Oberrödinghausen, railway cutting; Hangenberg Limestone, bed 3d1b; Weyer 1993–1994 Coll.; MB.C. 31063.1–2 • 1 specimen; Rhenish Mountains, Oberrödinghausen, railway cutting; Hangenberg Limestone, bed 3d2; Weyer 1993–1994 Coll.; MB.C. 31064 • 1 specimen; Rhenish Mountains, Oberrödinghausen, railway cutting; Hangenberg Limestone, bed 3e; Weyer 1993–1994 Coll.; MB.C. 31065 • 1 specimen; Rhenish Mountains, Hasselbachtal; Hangenberg Limestone, bed 57; Weyer 1993–1994 Coll.; MB.C.5240.7 .</p><p>Description</p><p>Holotype GPIT-PV-63925 is a fairly well-preserved specimen (Fig. 18C). It has a spherical shape at 23 mm conch diameter (ww/dm ~0.95) and is almost completely involute with a very low coiling rate (WER ~1.50). Flanks and venter form an almost perfect semicircular arch. The suture line has a very narrow, lanceolate external lobe, separated from the very similar, weakly asymmetrical adventive lobe by a broadly rounded, inverted U-shaped ventrolateral saddle (Fig. 19C). Shell remains are not preserved.</p><p>Specimen MB.C.31061 is a well-preserved conch with a diameter of 36 mm (Fig. 18B). It is globular (ww/dm ~0.88) with a completely closed umbilicus and a very low coiling rate (WER ~1.42). The flanks and the venter form a semi-circular arch. The shell appears to be rather smooth, but it bears broad, weakly convex internal thickenings (Fig. 19D).</p><p>The two cross sections of the paratypes GPIT-PV-63923 (Fig. 19A) and GPIT-PV-63934 (Fig. 19B) allow the study of conch ontogeny from the initial stage to a diameter of 24 mm. The conch grows almost isometrically; all stages are very similar in their shape (Fig. 19 E-G). The whorl profile is C-shaped and narrows only slowly during ontogeny; the ww/wh ratio decreases from a value of ~2.15 at 1.5 mm diameter to ~1.75 at 24 mm diameter.</p><p>Remarks</p><p>Globimitoceras globiforme can be easily distinguished from all other globular ammonoids of the Hangenberg Limestone of Oberrödinghausen and other localities in the Rhenish Mountains by the conch with very low aperture throughout ontogeny. The species of Paragattendorfia show some similarities, but have a conch with a stepwise opening of the umbilicus and a suture line with a V-shaped external lobe and a V-shaped adventive lobe. Species of the genus Kornia are similar in the adult stage but produce a spindle-shaped juvenile conch. The growth lines, which are almost straight with shallow ventral sinus in G. globiforme, describe a very deep ventral sinus in the species of Kornia . Globimitoceras sphericum has a similar conch, but it is decorated with lamellar growth lines. In addition, G. sphericum has broader external and adventive lobes than G. globiforme .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EA5C14CA158550FDC4FC70FD4A8710	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Korn, Dieter;Weyer, Dieter	Korn, Dieter, Weyer, Dieter (2023): The ammonoids from the Gattendorfia Limestone of Oberrödinghausen (Early Carboniferous; Rhenish Mountains, Germany). European Journal of Taxonomy 882: 1-230, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2023.882.2177, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2023.882.2177
03EA5C14CA16856FFDD9FC34FB8E8748.text	03EA5C14CA16856FFDD9FC34FB8E8748.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Paragattendorfia Schindewolf 1924	<div><p>Genus Paragattendorfia Schindewolf, 1924</p><p>Type species</p><p>Paragattendorfia humilis Schindewolf, 1924; original designation.</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Genus of the subfamily Prionoceratinae with a pachyconic to globular conch in the juvenile and adult stage. The umbilicus opens stepwise during ontogeny, the umbilical width ratio remains nearly constant throughout ontogeny. Shell with fine to lamellar, convex or straight growth lines. External lobe and adventive lobe V-shaped.</p><p>Genus composition</p><p>Central Europe (Schindewolf 1924; Vöhringer 1960; Weyer 1972): Paragattendorfia humilis Schindewolf, 1924; Imitoceras patens Vöhringer, 1960; Paragattendorfia sphaeroides Weyer, 1972 .</p><p>North Africa (Bockwinkel &amp; Ebbighausen 2006): Paragattendorfia aboussalamae Bockwinkel &amp; Ebbighausen, 2006 .</p><p>Central Asia (Librovitch 1940): Gattendorfia applanata Librovitch, 1940; Gattendorfia kazakhstanica Librovitch, 1940; Gattendorfia occlusa Librovitch, 1940; Gattendorfia reticulata Librovitch, 1940 .</p><p>South China (Ruan 1981): Imitoceras (Imitoceras) subpatens Ruan, 1981; Imitoceras (Imitoceras) globoidale Ruan, 1981 .</p><p>Remarks</p><p>A number of species were placed in the genus Paragattendorfia since its revision by Weyer (1972). However, Paragattendorfia was a somewhat problematic genus. It was inadequately defined by Schindewolf (1924) and insufficiently characterised by the statement that, “with a general similarity of shape to Gattendorfia, it only differs from the latter in that the lateral lobe lies on the seam and not next to it as in Gattendorfia ”. Furthermore, the inner lobe elements should be very narrow and deep; the growth lines should be linear without ventral sinus and constrictions were not seen.</p><p>With the redescription and diagnosis of the type species P. humilis, Paragattendorfia can be stabilised as a genus belonging to the subfamily Prionoceratinae because of the globular conch geometry, the low aperture throughout ontogeny and the rather simple ontogenetic pathways (Korn &amp; Weyer 2023).</p><p>Paragattendorfia is unique among the prionoceratids of the Early Tournaisian in its stepwise opening of the umbilicus, meaning than the uw/dm trajectory is nearly isometric. In this respect, it can be easily separated from Mimimitoceras, which may have a similar morphology in distinct growth stages, but differ in possessing an involute adult conch.</p><p>Stratigraphic range</p><p>In the Rhenish Mountains, the two species P. patens and P. sphaeroides only occur in the higher part of the Hangenberg Limestone ( Pseudarietites westfalicus Zone and Eocanites delicatus Zone). At Gattendorf, however, no ammonoids are known from beds higher than the regional Acutimitoceras acutum Zone, hence the genus has a duration throughout the “ Gattendorfia Stufe ”. The species described from Kazakhstan (Librovitch 1940) have possibly a middle Tournaisian age.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EA5C14CA16856FFDD9FC34FB8E8748	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Korn, Dieter;Weyer, Dieter	Korn, Dieter, Weyer, Dieter (2023): The ammonoids from the Gattendorfia Limestone of Oberrödinghausen (Early Carboniferous; Rhenish Mountains, Germany). European Journal of Taxonomy 882: 1-230, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2023.882.2177, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2023.882.2177
03EA5C14CA29856DFDD4FCF2FD218794.text	03EA5C14CA29856DFDD4FCF2FD218794.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Paragattendorfia patens (Vohringer 1960)	<div><p>Paragattendorfia patens (Vöhringer, 1960)</p><p>Figs 20–21; Tables 10–11</p><p>Imitoceras patens Vöhringer, 1960: 147, pl. 1 fig. 1, text-fig. 24.</p><p>Paragattendorfia patens – Korn 1994: 36, text-figs 31c–d, 32d, 63c; 2006: text-fig. 3g. — Sprey 2002: 52, text-fig. 17d. — Kullmann 2009: text-fig. 2.4.</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Species of Paragattendorfia with a conch reaching 40 mm diameter. Conch at 20 mm dm thickly pachyconic, subinvolute to subevolute (ww/dm ~0.75; uw/dm ~0.30). Whorl profile at 20 mm dm strongly depressed (ww/wh ~2.00); coiling rate very low (WER ~1.45).Venter broadly rounded, umbilical margin rounded. Growth lines fine, narrow-standing, with nearly linear course. Without constrictions on the shell surface; with linear internal shell thickenings. Suture line with narrowly V-shaped external lobe and narrowly V-shaped adventive lobe.</p><p>Material examined</p><p>Holotype</p><p>GERMANY • Rhenish Mountains, Oberrödinghausen, railway cutting; Hangenberg Limestone, bed 2; Vöhringer Coll.; illustrated by Vöhringer (1960: pl. 1 fig. 1), Korn (1994: text-fig. 31c) and Korn (2006: text-fig. 3g); re-illustrated here in Fig. 20A; GPIT-PV- 63912.</p><p>Paratypes</p><p>GERMANY • 2 specimens; Rhenish Mountains, Oberrödinghausen, railway cutting; Hangenberg Limestone, bed 2; Vöhringer Coll.; GPIT-PV- 63914, GPIT-PV- 63916.</p><p>Additional material</p><p>GERMANY • 1 specimen; Rhenish Mountains, Oberrödinghausen, railway cutting; Hangenberg Limestone, bed 3a; Korn 1991 Coll.; MB.C. 31066 • 1 specimen; Rhenish Mountains, Oberrödinghausen, railway cutting; Hangenberg Limestone, bed 3d2; Weyer 1993–1994 Coll.; MB.C. 31067.</p><p>Description</p><p>Holotype GPIT-PV-63912 is a moderately preserved, partly mechanically ground specimen with 22 mm conch diameter (Fig. 20A). It is thickly pachyconic and subinvolute (ww/dm = 0.73; uw/dm = 0.29) with a very low coiling rate (WER = 1.45). The whorl profile is crescent-shaped with a narrowly rounded umbilical margin. The suture line has a V-shaped external lobe and a symmetrical adventive lobe of almost the same shape, but it is slightly deeper. Both lobes are separated by a symmetrical, narrowly rounded ventrolateral saddle (Fig. 21B).</p><p>Remarks</p><p>Paragattendorfia patens is separated from P. sphaeroides by the more slender conch (ww/dm = 0.85 in P. patens but above 1.00 in P. sphaeroides at 10 mm dm) and in the wider umbilicus (uw/dm = 0.30 in P. patens but 0.20 in P. sphaeroides at 10 mm dm).</p><p>The species is rather rare in the Hangenberg Limestone. A record of “ Paragattendorfia aff. patens ” from the Montagne Noire by Becker &amp; Weyer (2004) does not belong here; the specimen possesses a dorsal siphuncle and must be attributed to Wocklumeria . It was a Late Devonian contamination in an earliest Carboniferous assemblage (Korn 2005).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EA5C14CA29856DFDD4FCF2FD218794	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Korn, Dieter;Weyer, Dieter	Korn, Dieter, Weyer, Dieter (2023): The ammonoids from the Gattendorfia Limestone of Oberrödinghausen (Early Carboniferous; Rhenish Mountains, Germany). European Journal of Taxonomy 882: 1-230, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2023.882.2177, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2023.882.2177
03EA5C14CA2B856BFDD4FBA6FBAD809B.text	03EA5C14CA2B856BFDD4FBA6FBAD809B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Paragattendorfia sphaeroides Weyer 1972	<div><p>Paragattendorfia sphaeroides Weyer, 1972</p><p>Figs 22–23; Tables 12–13</p><p>Paragattendorfia sphaeroides Weyer, 1972: 340 .</p><p>Imitoceras globosum – Vöhringer 1960: 146, text-fig. 23.</p><p>Paragattendorfia sphaeroides – Korn 1994: 37, text-figs 31e, 32e–f, 33.</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Species of Paragattendorfia with a conch reaching 40 mm diameter. Conch at 20 mm dm thickly pachyconic, subinvolute (ww/dm ~0.80; uw/dm ~0.20). Whorl profile at 20 mm dm moderately depressed (ww/wh ~1.70); coiling rate very low (WER ~1.50). Venter broadly rounded, umbilical margin subangular. Growth lines fine, narrow-standing, with nearly linear course. Without constrictions on the shell surface; with linear internal shell thickenings. Suture line with narrowly V-shaped external lobe and very narrowly V-shaped adventive lobe.</p><p>Material examined</p><p>Holotype</p><p>GERMANY • Rhenish Mountains, Oberrödinghausen, railway cutting; Hangenberg Limestone, bed 3c; Vöhringer Coll.; illustrated by Korn (1994: text-fig. 31e); re-illustrated here in Fig. 22; GPIT-PV- 63909.</p><p>Paratypes</p><p>GERMANY • 2 specimens; Rhenish Mountains, Oberrödinghausen, railway cutting; Hangenberg Limestone, bed 2; Vöhringer Coll.; GPIT-PV- 63935, GPIT-PV- 63937 .</p><p>Description</p><p>Holotype GPIT-PV-63909 is a moderately preserved specimen with 22 mm conch diameter (Fig. 22). It is a thickly pachyconic, subinvolute conch (ww/dm = 0.78; uw/dm = 0.20) with a narrowly rounded umbilical margin, steep umbilical wall and broadly and continuously rounded flanks and venter. The ornament consists of fine, closely spaced growth lines with an almost straight course (Fig. 23D).</p><p>The two sectioned paratypes GPIT-PV-63937 and GPIT-PV-63935 show almost identical cross-sectional patterns (Fig. 23 A-B). The whorl profiles are rather similar in their crescent outline at all size stages larger than 6 mm conch diameter. However, particularly paratype GPIT-PV-63935 has a spindle-shaped juvenile stage at 3–5 mm conch diameter, in which the umbilical margin is slightly raised and the flanks are strongly divergent. The illustration of the ontogenetic trajectories shows a distinct allometry in the ww/dm ratio, and thus the ww/wh ratio (Fig. 23 E-G).</p><p>The suture line of paratype GPIT-PV-63935 has a narrow V-shaped external lobe, a symmetrical ventrolateral saddle and a symmetrical V-shaped adventive lobe with slightly inwardly curved flanks (Fig. 23C).</p><p>Remarks</p><p>Paragattendorfia sphaeroides is separated from P. patens by the stouter conch (the ww/dm ratio is above 1.00 in P. sphaeroides but only ~ 0.85 in P. patens at 10 mm dm) and in the narrower umbilicus (uw/dm ~ 0.20 in P. sphaeroides but ~ 0.30 in P. patens at 10 mm dm).</p><p>Paragattendorfia sphaeroides differs from P. humilis from Upper Franconia in the course of the growth lines, which is nearly linear in P. patens but strongly convex in P. humilis .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EA5C14CA2B856BFDD4FBA6FBAD809B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Korn, Dieter;Weyer, Dieter	Korn, Dieter, Weyer, Dieter (2023): The ammonoids from the Gattendorfia Limestone of Oberrödinghausen (Early Carboniferous; Rhenish Mountains, Germany). European Journal of Taxonomy 882: 1-230, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2023.882.2177, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2023.882.2177
03EA5C14CA2D856AFE36FA8DFE2A867C.text	03EA5C14CA2D856AFE36FA8DFE2A867C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Kornia Ebbighausen & Bockwinkel 2007	<div><p>Genus Kornia Ebbighausen &amp; Bockwinkel, 2007</p><p>Type species</p><p>Kornia citrus Ebbighausen &amp; Bockwinkel, 2007: 143; original designation.</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Genus of the subfamily Prionoceratinae with a spindle-shaped conch in the juvenile stage and globular conch in the adult stage. Umbilicus almost closed in stages larger than 7 mm diameter, in the juvenile stage with raised umbilical edge. Growth lines strongly curved back from the umbilical margin, forming broad and deep ventral sinus.</p><p>Genus composition</p><p>Central Europe (Vöhringer 1960): Imitoceras sphaeroidale Vöhringer, 1960; Kornia fibula sp. nov.; Kornia acia sp. nov.</p><p>North Africa (Ebbighausen &amp; Bockwinkel 2007): Kornia citrus Ebbighausen &amp; Bockwinkel, 2007 .</p><p>Remarks</p><p>The genus Kornia was introduced by Ebbighausen &amp; Bockwinkel (2007) for very small specimens which are characterised by their spindle-shaped conch and conspicuous umbilical shape, thus differing strongly from all other known early Tournaisian ammonoids. Juvenile ammonoids with such a shape, however, occur repeatedly in the fossil record, as shown for the Late Viséan genera Goniatites de Haan, 1825 (Klug et al. 2016; Korn 2017) and Hibernicoceras Moore &amp; Hodson, 1958 (Schmidt 1925; Korn 1988a).</p><p>Kornia differs from Globimitoceras, apart from the juvenile conch morphology, in the course of the growth lines, which are almost straight in Globimitoceras are, but in Kornia they have a very broad and deep ventral sinus.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EA5C14CA2D856AFE36FA8DFE2A867C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Korn, Dieter;Weyer, Dieter	Korn, Dieter, Weyer, Dieter (2023): The ammonoids from the Gattendorfia Limestone of Oberrödinghausen (Early Carboniferous; Rhenish Mountains, Germany). European Journal of Taxonomy 882: 1-230, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2023.882.2177, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2023.882.2177
03EA5C14CA2C8569FE27FDDFFCB680AE.text	03EA5C14CA2C8569FE27FDDFFCB680AE.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Kornia sphaeroidalis (Vohringer 1960)	<div><p>Kornia sphaeroidalis (Vöhringer, 1960) comb. nov.</p><p>Fig. 24; Table 14</p><p>Imitoceras sphaeroidale Vöhringer, 1960: 143, pl. 2 fig. 7.</p><p>Acutimitoceras sphaeroidale – Korn 1994: 49, text-figs 49e, 55c.</p><p>Acutimitoceras (Stockumites) sphaeroidale – Becker 1996: 36.</p><p>non Acutimitoceras sphaeroidale – Vöhringer 1960: 143, text-fig. 21. — Korn 1992b: 17, pl. 2 figs 30– 31; 1994: text-figs 50f, 51b, 55d. — Schönlaub et al. 1992: pl. 5 figs 30–31.</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Species of Kornia with a thickly pachyconic, involute conch (ww/dm ~0.80; uw/dm ~0.05) at 24 mm conch diameter. Ornament with widely spaced growth lines with convex course and a shallow ventral sinus.</p><p>Material examined</p><p>Holotype</p><p>GERMANY • Rhenish Mountains, Oberrödinghausen, railway cutting; Hangenberg Limestone, bed 5; Vöhringer Coll.; illustrated by Vöhringer (1960: pl. 2 fig. 7) and Korn (1994: text-fig. 49e); re-illustrated here in Fig. 24; GPIT-PV- 63865.</p><p>Additional material</p><p>GERMANY • 1 specimen; Rhenish Mountains, Oberrödinghausen, railway cutting; Hangenberg Limestone, bed 5a1; Weyer 1993–1994 Coll.; MB.C. 31068 .</p><p>Description</p><p>Holotype GPIT-PV-63865 (Fig. 24A) is a thickly pachyconic specimen with 24 mm dm (ww/dm = 0.82). It has a slightly opened umbilicus (uw/dm = 0.06) and a low coiling rate (WER = 1.67). The specimen bears small shell remnants that possess widely spaced, lamellar growth lines; these extend in a low and wide arc across the flanks and form a broad and shallow ventral sinus. Parallel to this extend faint inner shell thickenings (Fig. 24B).</p><p>Specimen MB.C.31068 is a rather well-preserved specimen with 13 mm conch diameter (Fig. 24C). It is globular and subinvolute (ww/dm = 0.91; uw/dm = 0.19) with a low coiling rate (WER = 1.56). The whorl profile is C-shaped with rounded umbilical margin and steep, flattened umbilical wall. The shell bears lamellar growth lines directed slightly backwardly from the umbilical margin and forming a shallow, very broad sinus on the venter. There is one shell constriction that extends parallel to the growth lines.</p><p>Remarks</p><p>Vöhringer (1960) united two species under the name “ Imitoceras sphaeroidale ”. Holotype GPIT- PV-63865 is a nearly globular specimen with 24 mm dm (ww/dm = 0.82), but the illustrated cross section GPIT-PV-63927 (ww/dm = 0.69 at 15 mm dm) and the smaller specimen GPIT-PV-63932 belong to a much more slender form. This is newly described here as Hasselbachia erronea sp. nov. Unfortunately, the morphology of the inner whorls is not known.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EA5C14CA2C8569FE27FDDFFCB680AE	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Korn, Dieter;Weyer, Dieter	Korn, Dieter, Weyer, Dieter (2023): The ammonoids from the Gattendorfia Limestone of Oberrödinghausen (Early Carboniferous; Rhenish Mountains, Germany). European Journal of Taxonomy 882: 1-230, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2023.882.2177, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2023.882.2177
03EA5C14CA2F8567FD56FA91FB8F822D.text	03EA5C14CA2F8567FD56FA91FB8F822D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Kornia fibula Korn & Weyer 2023	<div><p>Kornia fibula sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: D2D2D504-131B-4342-9CEC-4C8E29E433C1</p><p>Figs 25–26; Tables 15–16</p><p>Paragattendorfia n. sp. I Korn &amp; Weyer, 2003: 95, pl. 2 figs 20–21.</p><p>Paragattendorfia cf. sphaeroides Becker et al., 2021: text fig. 3n–o.</p><p>Gattendorfia cf. crassa – Becker 1997: 34, pl. 1 fig. 10.</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Species of Kornia with globular, moderately involute conch (ww/dm ~0.95; uw/dm ~0.15) at 12 mm conch diameter. Growth lines with very deep and wide external sinus.</p><p>Etymology</p><p>From the Latin ‘ fibula ’ = ‘clasp’, a connotation of the name of the type locality at Oese.</p><p>Material examined</p><p>Holotype</p><p>GERMANY • Rhenish Mountains, Oese, old quarry; Hangenberg Limestone, bed 28; Weyer &amp; Korn 2000 Coll.; illustrated by Korn &amp; Weyer (2003: pl. 2 figs 20–21); re-illustrated here in Fig. 25B; MB.C.5260.3.</p><p>Paratypes</p><p>GERMANY • 2 specimens; Rhenish Mountains, Oberrödinghausen, railway cutting; Hangenberg Limestone, bed 2a; Weyer 1993–1994 Coll.; MB.C.31069.1–2 • 1 specimen; Rhenish Mountains, Oberrödinghausen, railway cutting; Hangenberg Limestone, bed 3d1b; Weyer 1993–1994 Coll.; MB.C.31070 • 2 specimens; Rhenish Mountains, Oberrödinghausen, railway cutting; Hangenberg Limestone, bed 3d2; Weyer 1993–1994 Coll.; MB.C.31071.1–2 • 3 specimens; Rhenish Mountains, Oese, old quarry; Hangenberg Limestone, bed 22; Weyer &amp; Korn 2000 Coll.; MB.C.5262.2, MB.C.5262.4, MB.C.5262.5 • 1 specimen; Rhenish Mountains, Letmathe, between Schälk and Grürmannsheide; Hangenberg Limestone; Denckmann 1901 Coll.; MB.C.1215 .</p><p>Description</p><p>Holotype MB.C.5260.3 (Fig. 25B), measuring 11.4 mm diameter, has an almost ball-shaped conch with a small umbilicus and a low aperture (ww/dm = 0.94; uw/dm = 0.15; WER = 1.46) and a C-shaped whorl profile. The ornament possesses lamellar growth lines that are strongly rursiradiate in their direction. They form a low dorsolateral projection and already on the inner flank turn back to extend with a deep and wide sinus across the outer flanks and the venter (Fig. 26B).</p><p>The larger paratype MB.C.31069.2 (Fig. 25A) with 16 mm conch diameter displays a similar growth line course, but with less strong backward turn. It has a globular, involute conch (ww/dm = 0.87; uw/ dm = 0.11).</p><p>The sectioned paratype MB.C.31069.1 allows the study of conch geometry between 4.7 and 19.2 mm diameter (Fig. 26A). During this growth interval, the whorl profile maintains a similar shape. The venter is broad and merges continuously into the convex flanks; the umbilical margin is rounded. The growth trajectories show an almost isometric ontogeny in this growth interval (Fig. 26C–D).</p><p>Remarks</p><p>Kornia fibula sp. nov. differs from K. acia sp. nov. in the ball-shaped juvenile conch (spindle-shaped in K. acia) and wider umbilicus at 10 mm conch diameter (uw/dm = 0.15 in K. fibula but only 0.10 in K. acia). The superficially similar Globimitoceras globiforme differs in the narrower umbilicus (uw/ dm ~ 0.15 in Kornia fibula but only 0.08 in G. globiforme at 10–15 mm dm).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EA5C14CA2F8567FD56FA91FB8F822D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Korn, Dieter;Weyer, Dieter	Korn, Dieter, Weyer, Dieter (2023): The ammonoids from the Gattendorfia Limestone of Oberrödinghausen (Early Carboniferous; Rhenish Mountains, Germany). European Journal of Taxonomy 882: 1-230, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2023.882.2177, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2023.882.2177
03EA5C14CA218565FD6CF9EFFEAA8507.text	03EA5C14CA218565FD6CF9EFFEAA8507.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Kornia acia Korn & Weyer 2023	<div><p>Kornia acia sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 62D5E824-BACD-4D6F-B03E-2F09A89D9349</p><p>Figs 27–28; Tables 17–18</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Species of Kornia with globular to spindle-shaped, involute conch (ww/dm ~1.05; uw/dm ~0.10) at 12 mm conch diameter. Growth lines lamellar with moderately deep, wide ventral sinus.</p><p>Etymology</p><p>From the Latin ‘ acia ’ = ‘yarn’, as the conch has the shape of a yarn reel.</p><p>Material examined</p><p>Holotype</p><p>GERMANY • Rhenish Mountains, Oberrödinghausen, railway cutting; Hangenberg Limestone, bed 5a2; Weyer 1993–1994 Coll.; illustrated in Fig. 27; MB.C.31073.1.</p><p>Paratypes</p><p>GERMANY • 1 specimen; Rhenish Mountains, Oberrödinghausen, road cutting; Hangenberg Limestone, P.dorsoplanus Zone; Korn 1977Coll.; MB.C.31072 • 1specimen; Rhenish Mountains, Oberrödinghausen, railway cutting; Hangenberg Limestone, bed 5a2; Weyer 1993–1994 Coll.; MB.C.31073.2 .</p><p>Description</p><p>Holotype MB.C.31073.1 is a well-preserved specimen that is fully covered by shell material (Fig. 27). It has a conch diameter of 12.3 mm and changes from spindle-shaped to globular in the last half whorl (ww/dm = 1.13 at 10 mm dm; ww/dm = 1.05 at 12.3 mm dm); the umbilicus is very narrow (uw/dm = 0.10 at 12.3 mm dm). The peculiar apertural shape shows a pronounced umbilical margin, from where the flanks, which are nearly arranged in right angles, rapidly converge towards the broadly rounded venter. The aperture is very low (WER = 1.47). The shell surface shows lamellar growth lines; they form a pronounced dorsolateral projection and turn back to proceed in a very wide and moderately deep sinus across flanks and venter (Fig. 28B). At a major non-lethal shell damage, the growth lines deviate from this course during the interval of repair.</p><p>Paratype MB.C.31072 was sectioned and allows the study of conch ontogeny up to a diameter of 19 mm (Fig. 28A). All whorls have a similar profile, but the ww/wh ratio decreases from about 3.00 at 1.5 mm conch diameter to about 1.80 at 19 mm diameter (Fig. 28D). At the same time, the shape of the profile changes from broad kidney-shaped to C-shaped. At all size stages, the flanks are strongly convergent and the venter is comparatively narrow. The umbilical margin is particularly pronounced between 4 and 10 mm conch diameter.</p><p>Remarks</p><p>Kornia acia sp. nov. cannot be confused with any other ammonoid from the Hangenberg Limestone because of its peculiar spindle-shaped juvenile conch with raised umbilical margin and the strongly backward directed growth lines. K. fibula sp. nov. has a ball shaped conch with more broadly rounded venter and a wider umbilicus than K. acia (uw/dm ~ 0.10 in K. acia but ~ 0.15 in K. fibula at 11–12 mm dm).</p><p>Kornia citrus from the Anti-Atlas has a very similar conch geometry, but differs from C. acia sp. nov. in the shape of the umbilical margin, which in K. citrus is more strikingly raised but more rouded in K. acia .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EA5C14CA218565FD6CF9EFFEAA8507	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Korn, Dieter;Weyer, Dieter	Korn, Dieter, Weyer, Dieter (2023): The ammonoids from the Gattendorfia Limestone of Oberrödinghausen (Early Carboniferous; Rhenish Mountains, Germany). European Journal of Taxonomy 882: 1-230, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2023.882.2177, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2023.882.2177
03EA5C14CA228562FDD5FE99FC388612.text	03EA5C14CA228562FDD5FE99FC388612.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Acutimitoceratinae Korn 1994	<div><p>Subfamily Acutimitoceratinae Korn, 1994</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Subfamily of the family Prionoceratidae with the sutural formula E A L U I; adventive lobe V-shaped or lanceolate, pointed. Conch in the juvenile stage subevolute or evolute; adult stage involute or subinvolute. Coiling rate usually moderately high or high (WER = 1.75–2.25) and rarely very high (up to 2.35). Shell ornament with fine to coarse growth lines, usually without ribs.</p><p>Subfamily composition</p><p>The subfamily comprises six genera: Acutimitoceras Librovitch, 1957 (4 species); Costimitoceras Vöhringer, 1960 (3 species); Sulcimitoceras Kusina, 1985 (1 species); Nicimitoceras Korn, 1993 (7 species) and Stockumites Becker, 1996 (36 species).</p><p>Morphology</p><p>In the adult stage, the species of the subfamily Acutimitoceratinae are distinguished from the representatives of the Prionoceratinae by the mostly higher whorl expansion rate, which is almost always above a value of 1.75, but the Prionoceratinae are below this value. In the Acutimitoceratinae, the adult conch is almost always completely involute and ranges from thinly discoidal to globular; in contrast to the mostly stout conchs of the Prionoceratinae; however, discoidal conchs are more common than pachyconic or globular conchs in the Acutimitoceratinae . Oxyconic conchs occur independently in several evolutionary lineages.</p><p>Juvenile conchs of the Acutimitoceratinae show a very wide variation in their morphology, ranging from subinvolute to very evolute. Likewise, the length of the more widely umbilicate juvenile stage varies markedly between species.</p><p>The shell ornament consists of simple growth lines in almost all species of the subfamilyAcutimitocratinae. These growth lines usually are with a convex curve across the flank and form a sinus on the venter. Only in some species, the growth lines have a biconvex course. Spiral lines occur in Costimitoceras and, together with the growth lines, form a reticulate ornament. Some species possess shell constrictions, in others only radial internal shell thickenings are present. Some species have neither shell constrictions nor internal shell thickenings.</p><p>The suture line is simple and consists of the elements E A L U I. The external lobe is usually lanceolate with parallel flanks; in some cases, however, the external lobe may be narrow V-shaped or very weakly pouched. The adventive lobe is often V-shaped and varies in shape from symmetrical to moderately asymmetrical.</p><p>Ontogeny</p><p>The ontogeny of the representatives of the Acutimitoceratinae shows spectacular changes; this is the cardinal difference to the species of the Prionoceratinae . All species of the Acutimitoceratinae show an early ontogenetic stage of variable length. The juvenile whorls only slightly embrace the preceding one, which results in a rather widely umbilicate or even serpenticonic juvenile conch shape. In the middle growth stage, the closure of the umbilicus begins by more or less wide overlap upon the preceding whorl. In most of the species, the umbilicus is already closed at 10 mm conch diameter.</p><p>The ontogenetic changes in the conch morphology can be illustrated in diagrams of ontogenetic trajectories (Korn 2012). They show that particularly the ontogenetic trajectory of the ww/dm ratio describes a strikingly triphasic course. The amplitude of the changes depends on the length of the widely umbilicate juvenile stage and the width of the conch in the middle growth stage. Species with a stout conch tend to show a more pronounced triphasic ontogeny than discoidal forms.</p><p>Phylogeny</p><p>The Acutimitoceratinae are the dominant earliest Carboniferous ammonoid group immediately after the Hangenberg Event. The origin of the subfamily is most probably in the genus Mimimitoceras or related forms, some of which developed rather evolute inner whorls already in the late Famennian (Korn et al. 2015). Although specimens of the subfamily Acutimitoceratinae are very abundant in all of the earliest Carboniferous ammonoid occurrences, there is no undoubted record older than the Hangenberg Event. This means that the phylogenetic origin of the entire group, which most probably gave rise to all postHangenberg ammonoids (except for a few failed survivors such as some clymeniids and species of Mimimitoceras), is still unknown.</p><p>The Acutimitoceratinae gave rise to at least two ammonoid clades, the subfamily Imitoceratinae and the family Gattendorfiidae . The first is characterised by a pouched external lobe and the second by an incompletely closed or open umbilicus in the adult stage. A possible third evolutionary lineage are the prolecanitids and with these all Mesozoic ammonoids.</p><p>Stratigraphic occurrence</p><p>Species of the subfamily Acutimitoceratinae are already present in the lowermost beds deposited directly after the Hangenberg Event with morphologically advanced species, i.e., species with a widely involute juvenile conch (e.g., Korn 1984; Price &amp; House 1984; Kusina 1985; House 1996; Korn et al. 2004). Investigations in the Oberrödinghausen section show that most of the species have a very short stratigraphic range. A wide distribution across several ammonoid zones, as considered possible by Vöhringer (1960), could not be confirmed by the new study and revision.</p><p>In contrast to the good stratigraphic knowledge of the early Tournaisian species, not much is known about the middle Tournaisian distribution of the subfamily Acutimitoceratinae . The occurrences of possible members of the subfamily in Karaganda (Librovitch 1940) and the American Midcontinent (Miller &amp; Collinson 1951) require confirmation.</p><p>Geographic occurrence</p><p>The subfamily Acutimitoceratinae has a very wide geographic range. In practically all assemblages of early Tournaisian ammonoids, the species of this subfamily are the dominant elements. The following list provides an overview on the occurrences (and selected references) of the Acutimitoceratinae: Rhenish Mountains (Schmidt 1924, 1925; Vöhringer 1960; Korn 1981, 1984; Becker 1988, 1996; Korn 1992 c, 1994; Korn et al. 1994; Korn &amp; Weyer 2003), Thuringia (Schindewolf 1952; Weyer 1976, 1977; Bartzsch &amp; Weyer 1982, 1986), Upper Franconia (Schindewolf 1923; Korn 1994), Silesia (Tietze 1869, 1870; Weyer 1965; Dzik 1997), Carnic Alps (Korn 1992b), Montagne Noire (Becker &amp; Weyer 2004; Korn &amp; Feist 2007), Anti-Atlas (Korn 1999; Korn et al. 2004; Bockwinkel &amp; Ebbighausen 2006; Ebbighausen &amp; Korn 2007; Becker et al. 2013), Gourara in Algeria (Ebbighausen et al. 2004), South Urals (Balashova 1953; Barskov et al. 1984; Kusina 1985; Nikolaeva 2020), Karaganda (Librovitch 1940), Guizhou (Sun &amp; Shen 1965; Ruan 1981; Sheng 1989), questionably also Missouri (Furnish &amp; Manger 1973) and Illinois (Smith 1903; Miller &amp; Collinson 1951).</p><p>Remarks</p><p>In the revision of the Treatise, Kullmann (2009) applied a very conservative concept with respect to the subdivision of the Early Carboniferous prionoceratid ammonoids; he did not accept the subfamilies Acutimitoceratinae, Imitoceratinae and Balviinae as valid. Instead, he merged the subfamily Acutimitoceratinae with the family Gattendorfiidae without accepting subfamilies. This means that two rather well-separable ammonoid groups were lumped: on one side the conservative clade with forms that close the umbilicus in the adult stage (e.g., Acutimitoceras, Stockumites, Nicimitoceras) and on the other side those forms in which the umbilicus stays open in the adult stage (e.g., Gattendorfia, Weyerella). The concept of Kullmann (2009) is also remarkable because he put the genera Imitoceras and Irinoceras in the Prionoceratidae, despite of their close morphological similarity, in conch shape, ontogenetic development and suture line, with Nicimitoceras, which rather speaks for close phylogenetic relationships with that genus. As Bockwinkel &amp; Ebbighausen (2006) have shown in their study of Early Tournaisian assemblages from Morocco, early representatives of Imitoceras can easily be related to genera of the Acutimitoceratinae (e.g., Nicimitoceras). The family Prionoceratidae as outlined by Kullmann (2009) is thus most probably a polyphyletic taxon.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EA5C14CA228562FDD5FE99FC388612	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Korn, Dieter;Weyer, Dieter	Korn, Dieter, Weyer, Dieter (2023): The ammonoids from the Gattendorfia Limestone of Oberrödinghausen (Early Carboniferous; Rhenish Mountains, Germany). European Journal of Taxonomy 882: 1-230, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2023.882.2177, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2023.882.2177
03EA5C14CA248561FD98FD35FB0181D6.text	03EA5C14CA248561FD98FD35FB0181D6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Stockumites Becker 1996	<div><p>Genus Stockumites Becker, 1996</p><p>Type species</p><p>Imitoceras intermedium Schindewolf, 1923: 333; original designation.</p><p>Genus diagnosis</p><p>Genus of the subfamily Acutimitoceratinae with a discoidal to globular conch with low to high coiling rate (WER = 1.70–2.10 and rarely up to 2.35); inner whorls subinvolute to very evolute to variable degree. Venter broadly or narrowly rounded. Ornament usually with convex or rarely with biconvex growth lines, shell surface with or without constrictions. Suture line with deep, lanceolate external lobe (as deep as the adventive lobe).</p><p>Genus composition</p><p>Central Europe (Münster 1839; Schindewolf 1923; Schmidt 1925; Vöhringer 1960; Korn 1984): Goniatites subbilobatus Münster, 1839; Imitoceras intermedium Schindewolf, 1923;? Gattendorfia involuta Schindewolf, 1924; Aganides prorsus Schmidt, 1925; Imitoceras prorsum antecedens Vöhringer, 1960; Imitoceras prorsum convexum Vöhringer, 1960; Imitoceras depressum Vöhringer, 1960; Imitoceras liratum exile Vöhringer, 1960; Imitoceras liratum simile Vöhringer, 1960; Imitoceras undulatum Vöhringer, 1960; Acutimitoceras kleinerae Korn, 1984; Acutimitoceras procedens Korn, 1984; Acutimitoceras stockumense Korn, 1984; Stockumites parallelus sp. nov.; Stockumites voehringeri sp. nov.; Stockumites hofensis Korn &amp; Weyer, 2023; Stockumites nonaginta Korn &amp; Weyer, 2023 .</p><p>North Africa (Korn &amp; Klug 2002; Ebbighausen et al. 2004; Bockwinkel &amp; Ebbighausen 2006; Ebbighausen &amp; Bockwinkel 2007): Acutimitoceras hilarum Korn in Korn &amp; Klug, 2002; Acutimitoceras algeriense Ebbighausen, Bockwinkel, Korn &amp; Weyer, 2004; Acutimitoceras sinulobatum Ebbighausen, Bockwinkel, Korn &amp; Weyer, 2004; Acutimitoceras hollardi Bockwinkel &amp; Ebbighausen, 2006; Acutimitoceras occidentale Bockwinkel &amp; Ebbighausen, 2006; Acutimitoceras posterum Bockwinkel &amp; Ebbighausen, 2006; Acutimitoceras endoserpens Ebbighausen &amp; Bockwinkel, 2007; Acutimitoceras pentaconstrictum Ebbighausen &amp; Bockwinkel, 2007; Acutimitoceras sarahae Ebbighausen &amp; Bockwinkel, 2007; Stockumites marocensis sp. nov.</p><p>South Urals (Barskov et al. 1984; Kusina 1985; Nikolaeva 2020): Acutimitoceras mugodzharense Kusina in Barskov et al., 1984; Acutimitoceras pulchrum Kusina, 1985; Acutimitoceras alabasense Nikolaeva, 2020; Acutimitoceras dzhanganense Nikolaeva, 2020 .</p><p>Central Asia (Librovitch 1940): Imitoceras rotiforme Librovitch, 1940 .</p><p>South China (Sun &amp; Shen 1965; Ruan 1981): Imitoceras inequalis Sun &amp; Shen, 1965; Imitoceras sinense Sun &amp; Shen, 1965; Imitoceras (Imitoceras) crassum Ruan, 1981 .</p><p>North America (questionable species) (Rowley 1895; Moore 1928): Goniatites louisianensis Rowley, 1895; Aganides compressus Moore, 1928 .</p><p>Remarks</p><p>Stockumites was introduced by Becker (1996) as a subgenus of Acutimitoceras to separate the species with rounded venter from the acute species (such as A. acutum and A. wangyuense). This difference alone would probably not justify two genera. However, a closer examination of the material from various regions (Rhenish Mountains, Upper Franconia, Thuringia, Guizhou) shows that the acute venter is not the only character that distinguishes Acutimitoceras from Stockumites . A good additional distinguishing character is the attached keel, which gives the venter a galeate profile in cross-section in Acutimitoceras . Therefore, Acutimitoceras is defined here to accommodate the forms that possess these two characters, and the genus Stockumites is accepted for the forms with rounded venter and without an attached keel.</p><p>The Central European species of Stockumites can be classified into different categories based on their morphology:</p><p>(1) Conch size: some of the species ( S. kleinerae, S. intermedius, S. voehringeri sp. nov., S. subbilobatus) attain a diameter of 70 mm; most of the others remain smaller (up to about 40–50 mm).</p><p>(2) Adult conch shape: within the genus Stockumites, the general conch shape varies from thickly discoidal (most of the species) to thickly pachyconic ( S. kleinerae, S. depressus).</p><p>(3) Juvenile conch shape: in the juvenile stage, the conch shape varies between subinvolute ( S. depressus) and evolute ( S. convexus, S. antecedens). Within the genus, a temporal morphological trend from evolute to subinvolute can be observed; the umbilicus is particularly wide in the inner whorls of the stratigraphically older species.</p><p>(4) Growth line strength: some species have lamellar growth lines ( S. intermedius, S. undulatus) and others very fine or barely visible growth lines.</p><p>(5) Growth line course: most species have convex growth lines, but these are weakly biconvex in S. parallelus sp. nov. and distinctly biconvex in S. undulatus .</p><p>(6) Constrictions: some species ( S. similis, S. exilis, S. parallelus sp. nov.) have shell constrictions, others ( S. kleinerae, S. voehringeri sp. nov., S. subbilobatus, S. convexus) have inner shell thickenings and still others ( S. intermedius, S. depressus, S. undulatus, S. antecedens) have neither.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EA5C14CA248561FD98FD35FB0181D6	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Korn, Dieter;Weyer, Dieter	Korn, Dieter, Weyer, Dieter (2023): The ammonoids from the Gattendorfia Limestone of Oberrödinghausen (Early Carboniferous; Rhenish Mountains, Germany). European Journal of Taxonomy 882: 1-230, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2023.882.2177, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2023.882.2177
03EA5C14CA27857DFDCEFA6BFEAB876D.text	03EA5C14CA27857DFDCEFA6BFEAB876D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Stockumites kleinerae (Korn 1984) Korn & Weyer 2023	<div><p>Stockumites kleinerae (Korn, 1984) comb. nov.</p><p>Figs 29–30; Tables 19–22</p><p>Acutimitoceras kleinerae Korn, 1984: 74, pl. 1 figs 1–5, pl. 3 fig. 23, text-figs 4c–d, 5a.</p><p>Acutimitoceras kleinerae – Korn 1992b: 16, pl. 2 figs 4–5; 1994: 47, text-figs 36e, 38a–e, 40b, 44g –h, 45e, 48c–d, 56a–b, 57d–e. — Schönlaub et al. 1992: pl. 5 figs 4–5. — Kullmann 2000: text-fig. 4h. — Korn &amp; Klug 2002: 197, text-fig. 173a.</p><p>Rectimitoceras substriatum – Sprey 2002: 52, text-fig. 17b.</p><p>Stockumites kleinerae – Korn &amp; Weyer 2023. — Korn &amp; Weyer 2023: 16, figs 6–7.</p><p>Imitoceras Denckmanni – Schindewolf 1923: 336, pl. 15 figs 5–6, text-fig. 4h.</p><p>Imitoceras substriatum – Vöhringer 1960: 128, pl. 3 fig. 1, text-fig. 9.</p><p>non Acutimitoceras kleinerae – Sheng 1989: 110, pl. 33 figs 3–5.</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Species of Stockumites with a conch reaching 70 mm diameter. Conch at 5 mm dm pachyconic to globular, subinvolute to subevolute (ww/dm = 0.60–0.90; uw/dm = 0.20–0.40); at 15 mm dm pachyconic to globular, involute (ww/dm = 0.80–0.90; uw/dm = 0.05–0.15); at 30 mm dm thickly pachyconic, involute (ww/dm ~0.75; uw/dm = 0.00–0.05). Whorl profile at 30 mm dm weakly depressed (ww/wh ~1.35); coiling rate moderately high (WER ~1.80). Venter very broadly rounded, umbilical margin broadly rounded. Growth lines fine and rarely coarse, wide-standing, with convex course. Without constrictions on the shell surface; with weak internal shell thickenings. Suture line with narrow external lobe and narrowly V-shaped adventive lobe.</p><p>Material examined</p><p>Holotype</p><p>GERMANY • Rhenish Mountains, forestry road cutting 900 m east of Stockum; Stockum Limestone; Korn 1982 Coll.; illustrated by Korn (1984: pl. 1 fig. 3) and Korn (1994: text-fig. 38b); SMF 43001.</p><p>Paratypes</p><p>GERMANY • 15 specimens; Rhenish Mountains, forestry road cutting, 900 m east of Stockum; Stockum Limestone; Korn 1982 Coll.; SMF 43002 – SMF 43016 • 13 specimens; Rhenish Mountains, trench II , 950 m east of Stockum; Stockum Limestone; Korn 1982 Coll.; SMF 43017 – SMF 43029 • 10 specimens; Rhenish Mountains, Müssenberg; Hangenberg Limestone, bed 3c; Korn 1980 Coll.; SMF 43030 – SMF 43039.</p><p>Additional material</p><p>GERMANY • 4 specimens; Rhenish Mountains, Oberrödinghausen, railway cutting; Hangenberg Limestone, bed 5; Vöhringer Coll.;GPIT-PV-63879, GPIT-PV-63880, GPIT-PV-64014, GPIT-PV-64016 • 1 specimen; Rhenish Mountains, Oberrödinghausen, railway cutting; Hangenberg Limestone, bed 6; Vöhringer Coll.; GPIT-PV-64004 • 1 specimen; Rhenish Mountains, Oberrödinghausen, railway cutting; Hangenberg Limestone, bed 4; Vöhringer Coll.; MB.C.31074 • 2 specimens; Rhenish Mountains, Oberrödinghausen, railway cutting; Hangenberg Limestone, bed 5; Vöhringer Coll.; MB.C.31075.1– 2 • 1 specimen; Rhenish Mountains, Oberrödinghausen, railway cutting; Hangenberg Limestone, bed 6; Vöhringer Coll.; MB.C.31076 • 1 specimen; Rhenish Mountains, Oberrödinghausen, road cutting; Hangenberg Limestone, bed 6; Korn 1977 Coll.; MB.C.31077 • 1 specimen; Rhenish Mountains, Hasselbachtal; Hangenberg Limestone, bed 83; Weyer 1993–1994 Coll.; MB.C.5251.4 • 1 specimen; Rhenish Mountains, Oese, old quarry; bed interval III; Paproth Coll.; MB.C.5272.</p><p>Description</p><p>GPIT-PV-63880 is the largest available specimen with a conch diameter of 55 mm (Fig. 29A). Even at this diameter, the conch is still thinly pachyconic (ww/dm = 0.64). The umbilicus is completely closed, the umbilical margin is rounded and the convex flanks merge continuously into the broadly rounded venter. The coiling rate is moderate (WER = 1.91).</p><p>The smaller specimen GPIT-PV-64004 (Fig. 29B) with 24 mm conch diameter is thickly pachyconic (ww/dm = 0.78) and shows a low coiling rate (WER = 1.67). It bears a delicate ornament with fine growth lines that are directed slightly backwardly on the flank. They have a weakly biconvex course with a shallow ventral sinus (Fig. 30D). Shell constrictions are not visible.</p><p>The suture line of specimen GPIT-PV-64016 shows a very narrow, lanceolate external lobe separated from the adventive lobe by a three times wider, broadly rounded ventrolateral saddle. The symmetric adventive lobe is V-shaped and wider than the external lobe (Fig. 30C).</p><p>Remarks</p><p>Stockumites kleinerae belongs to the species of the genus with the stoutest conch. The ww/dm ratio, even in the adult stage of 55 mm conch diameter, is greater than 0.60, surpassing almost all other species. The whorl profile is always depressed in S. kleinerae (ww/wh larger than 1.00)</p><p>The material of S. kleinerae shows some variation of the umbilical width of the inner whorls. Even the type material from Stockum shows this variation; specimen SMF 43002 (Korn 1984: text-fig. 5a) is evolute (uw/dm = 0.45 at 2 mm dm), while the other specimens from Stockum only reach a uw/dm ratio of about 0.30. The inner whorls of the sectioned specimens from Oberrödinghausen are even less widely umbilicate; they reach a uw/dm ratio of only 0.30 (Fig. 30E).</p><p>Stockumites kleinerae differs from the stratigraphically younger species S. depressus in the lack of the internal shell thickenings, which cause conspicuous constrictions of the internal mould in the latter species.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EA5C14CA27857DFDCEFA6BFEAB876D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Korn, Dieter;Weyer, Dieter	Korn, Dieter, Weyer, Dieter (2023): The ammonoids from the Gattendorfia Limestone of Oberrödinghausen (Early Carboniferous; Rhenish Mountains, Germany). European Journal of Taxonomy 882: 1-230, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2023.882.2177, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2023.882.2177
03EA5C14CA3B8577FDC7FCD0FB878673.text	03EA5C14CA3B8577FDC7FCD0FB878673.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Stockumites intermedius (Schindewolf 1923)	<div><p>Stockumites intermedius (Schindewolf, 1923)</p><p>Figs 7D, 31–34; Tables 23–26</p><p>Imitoceras intermedium Schindewolf, 1923: 333, pl. 16 fig. 2, text-fig. 4f.</p><p>Imitoceras intermedium – Librovitch 1940: pl. 2 fig. 5a–b. — Vöhringer 1960: 131, pl. 3 figs 2, 7–8, text-fig. 11. — Furnish &amp; Manger 1973: 20, text-fig. 2b, d. — Weyer 1977: 177, text-fig. 2.1. — House 1985: pl. 6.7.29, text-fig. 6.7.14b.</p><p>Acutimitoceras intermedium – Korn 1984: 75, pl. 3 figs 20–23, text-figs 4e, 5h–I; 1992b: 15, pl. 1 figs 22–27, 30, pl. 2 figs 2–3, 7–9, 15–16, 21–22, 26–27; 1992c: 178, pl. 1 figs 7–11; 1994: 47, text-figs 37a–c, 40c, 41a–e, 44a–c, 45a–c, 47b, 48a–b, 56d–f, 57b–c. — Schönlaub et al. 1992: pl. 4 figs 22–27, 30, pl. 5 figs 2–3, 7–9, 15–16, 21–22, 26–27. — Korn et al. 1994: text-fig. 20b. — Kullmann,2000: text-fig. 4g. — Korn &amp; Klug 2002: 197, text-fig. 173b. — Korn &amp; Weyer 2003: pl. 2 figs 12–13.</p><p>Acutimitoceras (Stockumites) intermedium – Sprey 2002: 52, text-fig. 17e.</p><p>Stockumites intermedius – Korn &amp; Weyer 2023: 20, figs 8–9.</p><p>Aganides infracarbonicus – Schmidt 1924: 149, pl. 8 figs 1–2; 1929: 61, pl. 15 fig. 8.</p><p>non Imitoceras intermedium – Librovitch 1940: 138, pl. 35 figs 2–3. — Schindewolf 1952: 291, textfigs 4–6. — Balashova 1953: 198, pl. 12 figs 11–20. — Furnish &amp; Manger 1973: 20, pl. 1 figs 11–15.</p><p>non Imitoceras (Imitoceras) intermedium – Ruan 1981: 64, pl. 12 figs 1–6, 9–13, 17–28.</p><p>non Acutimitoceras intermedium – Belka et al. 1999: pl. 5 figs 7–8. — Korn 1999: 166, pl. 2 fig. 8. — Bockwinkel &amp; Ebbighausen 2006: 97, text-figs 13–14. — Ebbighausen &amp; Bockwinkel 2007: 131, text-figs 8f–g, 10, 12a–b. — Korn &amp; Feist 2007: 106, text-fig. 6b–c, h.</p><p>non Stockumites intermedius – Becker et al. 2002: pl. 2 figs 13–14.</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Species of Stockumites with a conch reaching 120 mm diameter. Conch at 5 mm dm thinly pachyconic, subinvolute to subevolute (ww/dm ~0.70; uw/dm = 0.20–0.40); at 15 mm dm thinly pachyconic, involute (ww/dm ~0.65; uw/dm ~0.00); at 30 mm dm thinly pachyconic, involute (ww/dm ~0.65; uw/ dm ~0.00). Whorl profile at 30 mm dm weakly depressed (ww/wh = 1.10–1.20); coiling rate moderately high (WER = 1.85–1.95). Venter broadly rounded, umbilical margin very broadly rounded. Growth lines lamellar, wide-standing, with convex or weakly biconvex course. Without constrictions on the shell surface; without internal shell thickenings. Suture line with narrowly lanceolate external lobe and narrowly V-shaped adventive lobe.</p><p>Material examined</p><p>Lectotype</p><p>GERMANY • Upper Franconia, 400 m north-west of Kirchgattendorf; bed 21 (“ Gattendorfia Limestone ”); Schindewolf 1916 Coll.; illustrated by Schindewolf (1923: pl. 16 fig. 2), (Librovitch 1940: pl. 2 fig. 5), Korn (1994: text-fig. 56f) and (Korn &amp; Weyer 2023: fig. 8a); SMF Mbg.3111.</p><p>Paralectotypes</p><p>GERMANY • 9specimens; Upper Franconia, 400 m north-west of Kirchgattendorf; bed 21 (“ Gattendorfia Limestone ”); Schindewolf 1916 Coll.; SMF Mbg.7563– SMF Mbg.7571.</p><p>Additional material</p><p>GERMANY • 1 specimen; Rhenish Mountains, Oberrödinghausen, railway cutting; Hangenberg Limestone, bed 3e; Vöhringer Coll.; GPIT-PV-64002 • 5 specimens; Rhenish Mountains, Oberrödinghausen, railway cutting; Hangenberg Limestone, bed 5; Vöhringer Coll.; GPIT-PV-63860, GPIT-PV-63892, GPIT-PV-63993, GPIT-PV-64000, GPIT-PV-64015 • 2 specimens; Rhenish Mountains, Oberrödinghausen, railway cutting; Hangenberg Limestone, bed 6; Vöhringer Coll.; GPIT- PV-63875, GPIT-PV-63891 • 9 specimens; Rhenish Mountains, Oberrödinghausen, railway cutting; Hangenberg Limestone, bed 5; Vöhringer Coll.; MB.C.31078.1–9 • 3 specimens; Rhenish Mountains, Oberrödinghausen, railway cutting; Hangenberg Limestone, bed 6; Vöhringer Coll.; MB.C.31079.1– 3 • 9 specimens; Rhenish Mountains, Oberrödinghausen, railway cutting; Hangenberg Limestone, bed 5a2; Weyer 1993–1994 Coll.; MB.C.31080.1–9 • 3 specimens; Rhenish Mountains, Oberrödinghausen, railway cutting; Hangenberg Limestone, bed 5b; Weyer 1993–1994 Coll.; MB.C.31081.1–3 • 1 specimen; Rhenish Mountains, Oberrödinghausen, road cutting; Hangenberg Limestone, bed 5; Korn 1977 Coll.; MB.C.31082 • 1 specimen; Rhenish Mountains, Oberrödinghausen, road cutting; Hangenberg Limestone, bed 6; Korn 1977 Coll.; MB.C.31083 • 1 specimen; Rhenish Mountains, Hasselbachtal; Hangenberg Limestone, bed 77; Weyer 1993–1994 Coll.; MB.C.5248.1 • 1specimen; Rhenish Mountains, Hasselbachtal; Hangenberg Limestone, bed 80; Weyer 1993–1994 Coll.; MB.C.5249.3 • 1 specimen; Rhenish Mountains, Oese, old quarry; Hangenberg Limestone; Korn 1977 Coll.; MB.C.31084.</p><p>Description</p><p>The two specimens GPIT-PV-63993 (52 mm dm; Fig. 31A) and GPIT-PV-64015 (34 mm dm; Fig. 31B) represent the adult and preadult stages of the species. The former has a thickly discoidal shape (ww/dm = 0.53) with a completely closed umbilicus, strongly convex flanks and a continuously rounded venter. The coiling rate is moderately high (WER = 1.92). The shell surface bears an ornament of weakly biconvex growth lines running backwardly across the flank and form a broad ventral sinus (Fig. 33D; the growth lines appear to be widely lamellar especially on the outer flank.</p><p>The smaller specimen GPIT-PV-64015 (Fig. 31B) has similar conch proportions to the previously described specimen, but with a lower coiling rate (WER = 1.82). It shows the suture line, which has a lanceolate external lobe with weakly divergent flanks. The ventrolateral saddle is about twice as wide as the external lobe and broadly rounded. The almost symmetrical, V-shaped adventive lobe has weakly convexly curved flanks (Fig. 33C).</p><p>Ten cross sections are available for examination, of which seven show the ontogeny beginning with the initial stage. They all show the characteristic, very broadly rounded umbilical margin and the continuously rounded venter. The main differences between the specimens are in the shape of the inner whorls. These are always subevolute or evolute with a crescent-shaped profile, but this evolute stage varies in length: In the two cross sections of specimens from bed 6 (Fig. 32A–C), only two whorls are widely umbilicate, while in the five specimens from bed 5 (Figs 33–34), three or even four whorls are evolute. This means that the maximum uw/dm value reaches ~ 0.40 in the specimens from bed 6, but ~ 0.50 in the specimens from bed 5 (Figs 32E, 33E). The early ontogenetic, subevolute to evolute stage is followed by a middle stage in which the whorl profile is C-shaped. At about 8 mm conch diameter, the umbilicus begins to close. This process is already completed at a conch diameter of 15–20 mm. At this stage, the whorl profile is already horseshoe-shaped with increasing whorl height.</p><p>Remarks</p><p>In his monograph on the ammonoids from the Hangenberg Limestone, Vöhringer (1960) grouped specimens of two species under the name “ Imitoceras intermedium ”: (1) specimens from beds 6 and 5, which actually correspond in morphology to the type material of this species from Gattendorf and (2) non-illustrated specimens from beds 3 and 2, which belong to the here newly described species Stockumites voehringeri sp. nov. The latter differs from S. intermedius by the slightly more slender conch and particularly by the presence of internal shell thickenings in the area of the outer flank and venter.</p><p>Stockumites intermedius differs from the co-occurring species S. kleinerae by the more slender conch (ww/dm = 0.60–0.65 in S. intermedius, but 0.75–0.80 in S. kleinerae at 30 mm dm). In addition, S. intermedius has lamellar growth lines, which are finer in S. kleinerae and are there also visible because of rhythmic strengthening on the inner surface of the shell, causing fine undulation of the internal mould.</p><p>Other species of Stockumites with comparable pachyconic conch are distinguished from S. intermedius by the shell constrictions or internal shell thickenings. A morphologically similar species is S. depressus, but this has more strongly biconvex, fine and narrow-standing growth lines.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EA5C14CA3B8577FDC7FCD0FB878673	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Korn, Dieter;Weyer, Dieter	Korn, Dieter, Weyer, Dieter (2023): The ammonoids from the Gattendorfia Limestone of Oberrödinghausen (Early Carboniferous; Rhenish Mountains, Germany). European Journal of Taxonomy 882: 1-230, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2023.882.2177, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2023.882.2177
03EA5C14CA318575FDAEFDCDFEE5838B.text	03EA5C14CA318575FDAEFDCDFEE5838B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Stockumites parallelus Korn & Weyer 2023	<div><p>Stockumites parallelus sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 0D620A01-E214-47B5-A002-3DAD048B04BC</p><p>Figs 7F, 35; Tables 27–29</p><p>Imitoceras subbilobatum – Vöhringer, 1960: 135, text-fig. 14.</p><p>Acutimitoceras subbilobatum – Korn 1984: 76, pl. 2 figs 13–15, text-fig. 5e; 1992c: 178, pl. 1 figs 2–3, pl. 2 figs 7–8; 1994: 51, text-figs 37d, 39, 42a–c, 50a. — Kullmann 2000: text-fig. 4f. — Korn &amp; Klug 2002: 197, text-fig. 173c, f. — Korn et al. 2003b: 1125, text-fig. 3c. — Korn &amp; Weyer 2003: pl. 2 figs 6–7, text-fig. 14d.</p><p>? Aganides ornatissimus – Schmidt 1924: 149, pl. 8 figs 3–4.</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Species of Stockumites with a conch reaching 70 mm diameter. Conch at 5 mm dm thinly pachyconic, subinvolute (ww/dm ~0.65; uw/dm ~0.20); at 15 mm dm thickly discoidal, involute (ww/dm ~0.55; uw/dm ~0.05); at 30 mm dm thickly discoidal, involute (ww/dm ~0.50; uw/dm ~0.00). Whorl profile at 30 mm dm weakly compressed (ww/wh ~0.90); coiling rate moderately high (WER ~1.90). Venter rounded, umbilical margin rounded, flanks subparallel. Growth lines fine, narrow-standing, with slightly biconvex course. Weak constrictions on the shell surface; coarse internal shell thickenings. Suture line with lanceolate external lobe and narrowly V-shaped adventive lobe.</p><p>Etymology</p><p>Named after the nearly parallel arrangement of the flanks.</p><p>Material examined</p><p>Holotype</p><p>GERMANY • Rhenish Mountains, forestry road cutting 900 m east of Stockum; Stockum Limestone ( Stockumites prorsus Zone); Korn 1982 Coll.; illustrated by Korn (1994: text-fig. 42a); SMF 43083.</p><p>Paratypes</p><p>GERMANY • 6 specimens; Rhenish Mountains, forestry road cutting 900 m east of Stockum; Stockum Limestone; Korn 1982 Coll.; SMF 43080–43082, SMF 43084–43086 • 2 specimens; Rhenish Mountains, trench II 950 m east of Stockum; Stockum Limestone; Korn 1982 Coll.; SMF 43087– 43088 • 1 specimen; Rhenish Mountains, Oberrödinghausen, railway cutting; Hangenberg Limestone, bed 5; Vöhringer Coll.; GPIT-PV-63890 • 5 specimens; Rhenish Mountains, Oberrödinghausen, railway cutting; Hangenberg Limestone, bed 6; Vöhringer Coll.; MB.C.31085.1–5 • 2 specimens; Rhenish Mountains, Oberrödinghausen, railway cutting; Hangenberg Limestone, bed 5c; Weyer 1993–1994 Coll.; MB.C.31086.1–2 • 1 specimen; Rhenish Mountains, Oberrödinghausen, railway cutting; Hangenberg Limestone, bed 6b2; Weyer 1993–1994 Coll.; MB.C.31087 • 1 specimen; Rhenish Mountains, Hasselbachtal; Hangenberg Limestone, bed 76; Weyer 1993–1994 Coll.; MB.C.5247.2 • 1 specimen; Rhenish Mountains, Oese, old quarry; Hangenberg Limestone, lower part; Paproth Coll.; MB.C.5292 .</p><p>Description</p><p>Holotype SMF 43083 is an exfoliated specimen with 42 mm conch diameter; it suffered from a nearsagittal calcite vein. It is thickly discoidal (ww/dm = 0.47) with an almost closed umbilicus. The internal mould shows two constrictions standing 90 degrees apart, but the last half whorl does not possess a constriction.</p><p>Paratype MB.C.31087 (Fig. 35A) is a specimen with 28 mm conch diameter preserved on only half a side; it is obviously thinly discoidal and involute. The shell surface bears widespread growth lines, which are almost straight on the flank and bend back to a ventral sinus in the ventrolateral area. Parallel to the growth lines are shallow constrictions with distances of 90 degrees.</p><p>The two sectioned paratypes GPIT-PV-63890 (28 mm dm; Fig. 35B) from Oberrödinghausen, SMF 43081 (22 mm dm; Fig. 35C) from Stockum and MB.C.5292 (19 mm dm; Fig. 35D) from Oese show sections that are largely matching. After two inner whorls with a semi-modular profile, there is a rapid transformation to a horseshoe-shaped profile with subparallel flanks.</p><p>Remarks</p><p>As can be seen from the synonymy list, specimens of the new species were often identified as Stockumites subbilobatus . However, the holotype of S. subbilobatus has no shell constrictions and is stouter than the specimens assigned here to S. parallelus sp. nov. At a conch diameter of 30 mm, the ww/dm ratio is about 0.45 in S. parallelus, but about 0.50 in S. subbilobatus . The problems with the poor preservation of the holotype of “ Goniatites subbilobatus ” are discussed by Korn &amp; Weyer (2023).</p><p>Vöhringer (1960) united material of at least two species under “ Imitoceras subbilobatum ”. On the one hand, there were specimens from the lowermost part of the Hangenberg Limestone (beds 6 and 5), which are indeed conspecific with the original; on the other hand, there were specimens from the middle part of the Hangenberg Limestone (beds 4 to 2), which, however, have no shell constrictions (but only internal shell thickenings) and show more strongly convergent flanks. These are separated here as the new species S. voehringeri sp. nov.</p><p>Only a few useful specimens are available from the Hangenberg Limestone of the Rhenish Mountains. Stockumites parallelus sp. nov. can easily be distinguished from the other species of the genus by the combination of the slender conch with subparallel flanks, the shell constrictions and the weakly biconvex growth lines.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EA5C14CA318575FDAEFDCDFEE5838B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Korn, Dieter;Weyer, Dieter	Korn, Dieter, Weyer, Dieter (2023): The ammonoids from the Gattendorfia Limestone of Oberrödinghausen (Early Carboniferous; Rhenish Mountains, Germany). European Journal of Taxonomy 882: 1-230, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2023.882.2177, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2023.882.2177
03EA5C14CA328573FE35FE98FEB183FB.text	03EA5C14CA328573FE35FE98FEB183FB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Stockumites procedens (Korn 1984) Korn & Weyer 2023	<div><p>Stockumites procedens (Korn, 1984) comb. nov.</p><p>Fig. 36; Tables 30–31</p><p>Acutimitoceras procedens Korn, 1984: 80, pl. 4 figs 24–25, text-fig. 5b.</p><p>Acutimitoceras procedens – Korn 1994: 47, text-figs 36b–c, 71f.</p><p>Acutimitoceras prorsum prorsum – Korn 1981: 519, text-figs 3a, 4a–d.</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Species of Stockumites with a conch reaching 40 mm diameter. Conch at 5 mm dm thinly pachyconic, subevolute (ww/dm ~0.65; uw/dm ~0.35); at 15 mm dm thinly pachyconic, involute (ww/dm ~0.65; uw/dm ~0.12); at 30 mm dm thickly discoidal, involute (ww/dm ~0.55; uw/dm ~0.00). Whorl profile at 30 mm dm weakly depressed (ww/wh ~1.05); coiling rate very high (WER ~2.35). Venter very broadly rounded, umbilical margin broadly rounded. Growth lines fine, with convex course in the middle growth stage and slightly biconvex course in the adult stage. Ornament with shallow constrictions on the shell surface; with coarse internal shell thickenings.</p><p>Material examined</p><p>Holotype</p><p>GERMANY • Müssenberg, trench 1; Hangenberg Limestone, bed 3c; Korn 1980 Coll.; illustrated by Korn (1984: pl. 4 fig. 24) and Korn (1994: text-fig. 36b); GZG.INV.131.</p><p>Paratypes</p><p>GERMANY • 1 specimen; Müssenberg, trench 1; Hangenberg Limestone, bed 3c; Korn 1980 Coll.; GZG.INV.132 • 3 specimens; same collection data as for preceding; SMF 43141 – SMF 43143 .</p><p>Additional material</p><p>GERMANY • 1 specimen; Rhenish Mountains, Oberrödinghausen, railway cutting; Hangenberg Limestone, bed 6b; Weyer 1993–1994 Coll.; MB.C.31088 .</p><p>Description</p><p>Holotype GZG.INV.131 is a very well preserved, complete specimen with 30 mm conch diameter. The conch is thickly discoidal (ww/dm = 0.58); it has a funnel-shaped umbilicus that is completely closed. The aperture is very high and leads to a coiling rate of WER = 2.34. The shell bears very fine, biconvex growth lines with only weakly developed lateral sinus. Four shell constrictions are developed at 90 degrees to each other, restricted to the venter and ventrolateral flank area.</p><p>The cross-section of the smaller paratype GZG.INV.132 has slightly wider whorls (ww/dm = 0.60) at 16 mm conch diameter. The umbilicus is still open at this stage (uw/dm = 0.12).</p><p>Specimen MB.C.31088 has a conch diameter of 17.5 mm (Fig. 36A) and shows the transition from the middle growth stage to the adult stage, which is characterised by a considerable increase in aperture height. The conch is thinly pachyconic with a slightly opened umbilicus (ww/dm = 0.66; uw/dm = 0.12) and a high coiling rate (WER = 2.02). The shell surface has initially rather coarse and lamellar but later fine growth lines, which extend with a convex arc across the flank and form a shallow subangular sinus on the venter. Weak shell constrictions extend parallel to the growth lines.</p><p>Remarks</p><p>Stockumites procedens can easily be distinguished from the other species of the genus by the very high coiling rate in the adult stage. With a value of about 2.35, it exceeds by far the rate (usually under 2.00) known from the other species. Another character to distinguish S. procedens from the other species of the genus is the development of shell constrictions, which extend across the venter with a subangular sinus.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EA5C14CA328573FE35FE98FEB183FB	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Korn, Dieter;Weyer, Dieter	Korn, Dieter, Weyer, Dieter (2023): The ammonoids from the Gattendorfia Limestone of Oberrödinghausen (Early Carboniferous; Rhenish Mountains, Germany). European Journal of Taxonomy 882: 1-230, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2023.882.2177, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2023.882.2177
03EA5C14CA348570FE13FE98FAF1800B.text	03EA5C14CA348570FE13FE98FAF1800B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Stockumites undulatus (Vohringer 1960) Korn & Weyer 2023	<div><p>Stockumites undulatus (Vöhringer, 1960) comb. nov.</p><p>Figs 37–38; Tables 32–33</p><p>Imitoceras undulatum Vöhringer, 1960: 133, pl. 3 fig. 6, text-fig. 13.</p><p>Acutimitoceras undulatum – Korn 1994: 52, text-figs 49h–i, 50l, 52c, 55e–f. — Korn et al. 1994: text-fig. 20a.</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Species of Stockumites with a conch reaching 40 mm diameter. Conch at 5 mm dm thinly pachyconic, subinvolute (ww/dm ~0.70; uw/dm ~0.25); at 12 mm dm thinly pachyconic, subinvolute (ww/dm ~0.65; uw/dm ~0.05); at 20 mm dm thickly discoidal, involute (ww/dm ~0.55; uw/dm ~0.02). Whorl profile at 20 mm dm weakly compressed (ww/wh ~0.95); coiling rate moderately high (WER ~1.90). Venter broadly rounded, umbilical margin broadly rounded. Growth lines lamellar, wide-standing, with biconvex course. Without constrictions on the shell surface; without internal shell thickenings. Suture line with V-shaped external lobe and V-shaped adventive lobe.</p><p>Material examined</p><p>Holotype</p><p>GERMANY • Rhenish Mountains, Oberrödinghausen, railway cutting; Hangenberg Limestone, bed 5; Vöhringer Coll .; illustrated by Vöhringer (1960: pl. 3 fig. 6) and Korn (1994: text-fig. 49i); re-illustrated here in Fig. 37A; GPIT-PV-63877.</p><p>Paratypes</p><p>GERMANY • 1 specimen; Rhenish Mountains, Oberrödinghausen, railway cutting; Hangenberg Limestone,bed5;Vöhringer Coll.;GPIT-PV-64022• 2specimens;Rhenish Mountains,Oberrödinghausen, railway cutting; Hangenberg Limestone, bed 6; Vöhringer Coll.; GPIT-PV-63879, GPIT-PV-63881.</p><p>Additional material</p><p>GERMANY • 1 specimen; Rhenish Mountains, Oberrödinghausen, railway cutting; Hangenberg Limestone, bed 6; Vöhringer Coll.; MB.C.31089 • 1 specimen; Rhenish Mountains, Oberrödinghausen, railway cutting; Hangenberg Limestone, bed 5c; Weyer 1993–1994 Coll.; MB.C.31090 • 1 specimen; Rhenish Mountains, Oberrödinghausen, railway cutting; Hangenberg Limestone, bed 6a; Weyer 1993– 1994 Coll.; MB.C.31091 • 1 specimen; Rhenish Mountains, Oese, old quarry; bed interval III; Paproth Coll.; MB.C.5271.</p><p>Description</p><p>Holotype GPIT-PV-63877 is a specimen that is largely covered with shell and has 23 mm diameter (Fig. 37A). It is thickly discoidal (ww/dm = 0.52) with a closed umbilicus. The conch is widest at the rounded umbilical margin; from there the flanks converge to the continuously rounded venter. The ornament consists of lamellar growth lines with a biconvex course; the dorsolateral projection and ventrolateral projection have about the same height (Fig. 38E).</p><p>Paratype GPIT-PV-63879 with 20.5 mm diameter is very similar to the holotype in conch parameters and ornament (Fig. 37B). The suture line has a lanceolate external lobe, accompanied by an asymmetrical ventrolateral saddle. The almost symmetrical adventive lobe is broadly lanceolate with outwardly curved flanks (Fig. 38C).</p><p>Specimen MB.C.31091 shows the ornament in particularly good preservation (Fig. 38A). The lamellar growth lines with biconvex course form a dorsolateral projection on the inner third of the flank, a shallow lateral sinus on the outer third of the flank and a ventrolateral projection on the ventrolateral shoulder.</p><p>Remarks</p><p>Stockumites undulatus is an easily recognisable species because it is clearly distinguished from all other species of the genus by the characteristic, lamellar growth lines with a distinctive biconvex course.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EA5C14CA348570FE13FE98FAF1800B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Korn, Dieter;Weyer, Dieter	Korn, Dieter, Weyer, Dieter (2023): The ammonoids from the Gattendorfia Limestone of Oberrödinghausen (Early Carboniferous; Rhenish Mountains, Germany). European Journal of Taxonomy 882: 1-230, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2023.882.2177, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2023.882.2177
03EA5C14CA36850CFDE9FB32FAF68673.text	03EA5C14CA36850CFDE9FB32FAF68673.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Stockumites convexus (Vohringer 1960)	<div><p>Stockumites convexus (Vöhringer, 1960)</p><p>Figs 7E, 39–40; Tables 34–35</p><p>Imitoceras prorsum convexum Vöhringer, 1960: 139, pl. 2 fig. 5, text-fig. 17.</p><p>Imitoceras prorsum convexum – Weyer 1977: 172, pl. 2 figs 8–9.</p><p>Acutimitoceras convexum – Korn 1992b: 16, pl. 2 figs 17–18; 1994: 42, text-figs 49a–c, 50e, 52a, 54d, 56c. — Schönlaub et al. 1992: 16, pl. 5 figs 17–18. — Korn &amp; Weyer 2003: 100, pl. 2 figs 1–2.</p><p>Stockumites convexus – Becker &amp; Weyer 2004: 18, text-fig. 3g. — Korn &amp; Weyer 2023: 30, fig. 15.</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Species of Stockumites with a conch reaching 40 mm diameter. Conch at 5 mm dm thickly discoidal to thinly pachyconic, subevolute to evolute (ww/dm = 0.55–0.65; uw/dm = 0.40–0.50); at 15 mm dm thickly discoidal, involute (ww/dm = 0.45–0.55; uw/dm = 0.05–0.10); at 25 mm dm thickly discoidal, involute (ww/dm = 0.45–0.55; uw/dm ~0.00). Whorl profile at 25 mm dm weakly compressed (ww/wh ~0.90); coiling rate moderate to high (WER = 1.90–2.10). Venter broadly rounded, umbilical margin broadly rounded. Growth lines coarse, wide-standing, with convex course. Weak constrictions on the shell surface; coarse internal shell thickenings. Suture line with lanceolate external lobe and V-shaped adventive lobe.</p><p>Material examined</p><p>Holotype</p><p>GERMANY • Rhenish Mountains, Oberrödinghausen railway cutting; bed 6; Vöhringer Coll.; illustrated by Vöhringer (1960: pl. 2 fig. 6) and Korn (1994: text-fig. 49a), re-illustrated here in Fig. 39A; GPIT- PV-63903.</p><p>Paratypes</p><p>GERMANY • 2 specimens; Rhenish Mountains, Oberrödinghausen, railway cutting; Hangenberg Limestone, bed 5; Vöhringer Coll.; GPIT-PV-63904, GPIT-PV-63905 • 1 specimen; Rhenish Mountains, Oberrödinghausen, railway cutting; Hangenberg Limestone, bed 6; Vöhringer Coll.; GPIT-PV-63906 .</p><p>Additional material</p><p>GERMANY • 1 specimen; Rhenish Mountains, Oberrödinghausen, railway cutting; Hangenberg Limestone, bed 4; Vöhringer Coll.; MB.C.31092 • 2 specimens; Rhenish Mountains, Oberrödinghausen, railway cutting; Hangenberg Limestone, bed 5; Vöhringer Coll.; MB.C.31093.1–2 • 7 specimens; Rhenish Mountains, Oberrödinghausen, railway cutting; Hangenberg Limestone, bed 6; Vöhringer Coll.; MB.C.31094.1–7 • 1 specimen; Rhenish Mountains, Oberrödinghausen, railway cutting; Hangenberg Limestone, loose material; Korn 1977 Coll.; MB.C.31095 • 1 specimen; Rhenish Mountains, Oberrödinghausen, railway cutting; Hangenberg Limestone, bed 6b2; Weyer 1993–1994 Coll.; MB.C.31096 • 1 specimen; Rhenish Mountains, Hasselbachtal; Hangenberg Limestone, bed 59; Weyer 1993–1994 Coll.; MB.C.5241.1.</p><p>Description</p><p>Holotype GPIT-PV-63903 is a rather well-preserved specimen with 22 mm diameter; it is largely covered with shell (Fig. 39A). The conch is thickly discoidal (ww/dm = 0.51) with an almost closed umbilicus (uw/dm = 0.06) and a high coiling rate (WER = 2.08). The whorl profile is weakly compressed (ww/wh = 0.93) with convex, convergent flanks and a continuously rounded venter. The shell bears rather coarse, lamellar growth lines, which run with a broad convex arc across the flank and form a broad, distinct sinus on the venter (Fig. 40H). On the surface of the shell, there are faint constrictions that follow the course of the growth lines.</p><p>Paratype GPIT-PV-63904 (Fig. 39C) with 20 mm diameter is very similar to the holotype in its conch proportions and also the ornament. It clearly shows that the constrictions are strengthened on the inner side of the shell and lead to very deep constrictions of the internal mould. The suture line has a lanceolate external lobe with very weakly divergent flanks, a slightly wider parabolic ventrolateral saddle and a V-shaped adventive lobe with weakly outwardly curved flanks (Fig. 40G).</p><p>Smaller specimens, such as paratype GPIT-PV-63905 (12 mm dm; Fig. 39B) and especially MB.C.31096 (18.5 mm dm; Fig. 39D) show the transition from the juvenile stage to the middle stage, which is characterised by a rather rapid closure of the umbilicus by increased overlap of the inner flank area upon the umbilicus.</p><p>Specimen MB.C.31096 is well-preserved and deserves a detailed description. It has a conch diameter of 18.5 mm (Fig. 39D). It is thickly discoidal and involute (ww/dm = 0.46; uw/dm = 0.08), but shows that the umbilicus is strikingly narrowed during the last volution by strong overlap of the dorsal flank area upon the umbilicus. Half a volution before the largest diameter, the uw/dm ratio is 0.17. The umbilical margin is rounded and the flanks converge only slowly towards the broadly rounded venter; the coiling rate is high (WER = 2.08). Almost the entire specimen is covered by shell. This shows delicate growth lines, which extend with a very low and wide projection across the flank and in the ventrolateral area turn back to form a shallow ventral sinus. The shell surface bears some weak constrictions following the course of the growth lines. These constrictions begin in the inner flank area and are deepest in the ventrolateral area.</p><p>A series of cross sections demonstrates the modification of the conch from the widely umbilicate, serpenticonic juvenile stage to the discoidal subadult stage (Fig. 40 A-G). In the middle growth stage, the flanks are almost parallel; the whorl profile is widest in the middle of the convex curved flanks. The ww/dm ratio is almost constant up to a conch diameter of 30 mm (Fig. 40I). The morphological variation is particularly evident in the coiling rate. This is caused by the transformation of the serpenticonic into the disc-shaped conch at slightly different conch diameters (Fig. 40K).</p><p>Remarks</p><p>Stockumites convexus is one of the species of the genus in which the transformation of the serpenticonic juvenile stage to the involute, discoidal middle stage occurs only at a comparatively large conch diameter of about 10 mm dm. Of the species from the Rhenish Mountains, only S. antecedens is comparable in this respect, although with an even later onset of change (at 15 mm dm).</p><p>Stockumites convexus differs from the co-occurring species S. subbilobatus by the growth lines extending convexly across the flanks, which are either almost straight or slightly biconvex in S. subbilobatus .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EA5C14CA36850CFDE9FB32FAF68673	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Korn, Dieter;Weyer, Dieter	Korn, Dieter, Weyer, Dieter (2023): The ammonoids from the Gattendorfia Limestone of Oberrödinghausen (Early Carboniferous; Rhenish Mountains, Germany). European Journal of Taxonomy 882: 1-230, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2023.882.2177, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2023.882.2177
03EA5C14CA4A850AFE16FDCAFAC4801D.text	03EA5C14CA4A850AFE16FDCAFAC4801D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Stockumites antecedens (Vohringer 1960)	<div><p>Stockumites antecedens (Vöhringer, 1960) comb. nov.</p><p>Fig. 41; Tables 36–37</p><p>Imitoceras prorsum antecedens Vöhringer, 1960: 140, pl. 2 fig. 6, text-fig. 18.</p><p>Acutimitoceras prorsum antecedens – Kullmann 1983: 234, text-fig. 2b.</p><p>Acutimitoceras antecedens – Becker 1988: 205, pl. 2 figs 14–15. — Korn 1994: 42, text-figs 49d, 50c–d, 52b, 54e. — Kullmann 2000: text-fig. 4j.</p><p>Acutimitoceras (Stockumites) antecedens – Sprey 2002: 52, pl. 3 fig 6, text-fig. 17g. — Kullmann 2009: text-fig. 3.5.</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Species of Stockumites with a conch reaching 40 mm diameter. Conch at 4 mm dm thinly discoidal, evolute (ww/dm ~0.35; uw/dm ~0.60); at 12 mm dm thickly discoidal, involute (ww/dm ~0.50; uw/ dm ~0.10); at 20 mm dm thickly discoidal, subinvolute (ww/dm ~0.50; uw/dm ~0.20). Whorl profile at 20 mm dm weakly compressed (ww/wh ~0.90); coiling rate moderately high (WER ~1.95). Venter rounded, umbilical margin rounded. Growth lines fine, narrow-standing, with convex course. Without constrictions on the shell surface; without internal shell thickenings. Suture line with narrowly V-shaped external lobe and narrowly V-shaped adventive lobe.</p><p>Material examined</p><p>Holotype</p><p>GERMANY • Rhenish Mountains, Oberrödinghausen, railway cutting; Hangenberg Limestone, bed 5; Vöhringer Coll .; illustrated by Vöhringer (1960, pl. 2 fig. 6) and Korn (1994, text-fig. 49d); re-illustrated here in Fig. 41A; GPIT-PV-63907.</p><p>Paratypes</p><p>GERMANY • 1 specimen; Rhenish Mountains, Oberrödinghausen, railway cutting; Hangenberg Limestone, bed 3d; Vöhringer Coll.; GPIT-PV-63908 • 1 specimen; Rhenish Mountains, Oberrödinghausen, railway cutting; Hangenberg Limestone, bed 5; Vöhringer Coll.; GPIT-PV-63910 .</p><p>Description</p><p>Holotype GPIT-PV-63907 is a rather small specimen with only 15 mm conch diameter (Fig. 41A). It is thickly discoidal with an open umbilicus (ww/dm = 0.50; uw/dm = 0.20). The whorl profile is slightly depressed (ww/wh = 1.09) with broadly rounded venter and flanks as well as a broadly rounded umbilical margin.</p><p>The ornament consists of fine growth lines running with a shallow convex curve across the flanks and forming a shallow ventral sinus (Fig. 41E). In the suture line, the external lobe and the adventive lobe are about the same width. However, their shape differs; the external lobe is lanceolate, while the adventive lobe is V-shaped (Fig. 41C).</p><p>The two cross sections of paratypes GPIT-PV-63910 and GPIT-PV-63908 are very similar in the very evolute inner whorls (Fig. 41B–C), but differ markedly in the growth phase above 4 mm diameter. Paratype GPIT-PV-63910, which comes from the type horizon (bed 5) shows a rapidly increasing coiling rate up to nearly 2.00 at 10 mm diameter, while paratype GPIT-PV-63908 has a much lower coiling rate that not even reaches a value of 1.75.</p><p>The growth trajectories of the parameters ww/dm and uw/dm demonstrate their considerable ontogenetic changes (Fig. 41F–H). Due to the very evolute juvenile stage, the uw/dm ratio can reach a value of almost 0.60; the whorl profile is crescent-shaped. The stronger overlap of the volutions starting at about 7 mm conch diameter leads to a whorl profile, which gradually changes into an almost circular and finally into a horseshoe-shaped outline.</p><p>Remarks</p><p>Stockumites antecedens has, with respect to its conch morphology, a marginal position within the genus. It is the species that retains the open umbilicus of the juvenile stage the longest in ontogeny; even at about 15 mm diameter the conch is not closed (ww/dm = 0.20), while the umbilicus is already more or less completely closed in most of the other species of the genus.</p><p>Stockumites prorsus also has an open umbilicus at comparable sizes; however, this species differs from A. antecedens by the coarse, biconvex growth lines. From the basal Carboniferous strata of the Anti-Atlas, the two species S. saharae and S. endoserpens are known(Ebbighausen &amp; Bockwinkel 2007); both also have a very evolute juvenile conch, but close the umbilicus earlier in ontogeny than S. antecedens .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EA5C14CA4A850AFE16FDCAFAC4801D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Korn, Dieter;Weyer, Dieter	Korn, Dieter, Weyer, Dieter (2023): The ammonoids from the Gattendorfia Limestone of Oberrödinghausen (Early Carboniferous; Rhenish Mountains, Germany). European Journal of Taxonomy 882: 1-230, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2023.882.2177, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2023.882.2177
03EA5C14CA4C8504FD98FB20FCF585E1.text	03EA5C14CA4C8504FD98FB20FCF585E1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Stockumites voehringeri Korn & Weyer 2023	<div><p>Stockumites voehringeri sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: A4D85F08-B03D-4D33-AA18-5187E9F3E0B8</p><p>Figs 7C, 42–45; Tables 38–39</p><p>Imitoceras subbilobatum – Vöhringer 1960: 135, pl. 3 fig. 3.</p><p>Acutimitoceras subbilobatum – Korn 1994: 51, text-figs 44d–f, 47a, 53a–b, 58f.</p><p>Acutimitoceras (Stockumites) subbilobatum – Sprey 2002: pl. 4 fig. 2.</p><p>Acutimitoceras cf. intermedium – Korn &amp; Weyer 2003: pl. 1 figs 1–2.</p><p>Rectimitoceras substriatum – Sprey 2002: pl. 3 fig. 2.</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Species of Stockumites with a conch reaching 70 mm diameter. Conch at 5 mm dm globular, subinvolute to subinvolute (ww/dm ~0.90; uw/dm ~0.20); at 15 mm dm thickly pachyconic, involute (ww/dm ~0.75; uw/dm ~0.05); at 30 mm dm thickly discoidal, involute (ww/dm = 0.50–0.60; uw/dm ~0.00). Whorl profile at 30 mm dm weakly compressed to weakly depressed (ww/wh = 0.90–1.10); coiling rate moderately high (WER = 1.80–1.95). Venter broadly rounded, umbilical margin rounded. Growth lines fine, wide-standing, with convex course. Without constrictions on the shell surface; with prominent internal shell thickenings on the outer flank and the venter. Suture line with lanceolate external lobe and V-shaped adventive lobe.</p><p>Etymology</p><p>Named after Eugen Vöhringer in appreciation of his monograph on the ammonoids of Oberrödinghausen.</p><p>Material examined</p><p>Holotype</p><p>GERMANY • Rhenish Mountains, Oberrödinghausen, railway cutting; Hangenberg Limestone, bed 3b; Vöhringer Coll.; illustrated by Vöhringer (1960: pl. 3 fig. 3a, as Imitoceras subbilobatum), Korn (1994: text-fig. 44e, as Acutimitoceras subbilobatum) and Sprey (2002: pl. 4 fig. 2, as Acutimitoceras (Stockumites) subbilobatum); re-illustrated here in Fig. 42A; GPIT-PV-63995.</p><p>Paratypes</p><p>GERMANY • 2 specimens; Rhenish Mountains, Oberrödinghausen, railway cutting; Hangenberg Limestone, bed 2; Vöhringer Coll.; GPIT-PV-63888, GPIT-PV-64005 • 2 specimens; Rhenish Mountains, Oberrödinghausen, railway cutting; Hangenberg Limestone, bed 3b; Vöhringer Coll.; GPIT- PV-63883, GPIT-PV-63885 • 1 specimen; Rhenish Mountains, Oberrödinghausen, railway cutting; Hangenberg Limestone, bed 3d; Vöhringer Coll.; GPIT-PV-63851 • 1 specimen; Rhenish Mountains, Oberrödinghausen, railway cutting; Hangenberg Limestone, bed 3e; Vöhringer Coll.; GPIT-PV-63850 • 1 specimen; Rhenish Mountains, Oberrödinghausen, railway cutting; Hangenberg Limestone, bed 4; Vöhringer Coll.; GPIT-PV-63988 • 1 specimen; Rhenish Mountains, Oberrödinghausen, railway cutting; Hangenberg Limestone, bed 3a; Vöhringer Coll.; MB.C.31097 • 3 specimens; Rhenish Mountains, Oberrödinghausen, railway cutting; Hangenberg Limestone, bed 3b; Vöhringer Coll.; MB.C.31098.1– 4 • 2 specimens; Rhenish Mountains, Oberrödinghausen, railway cutting; Hangenberg Limestone, bed 4; Vöhringer Coll.; MB.C.31099.1–2 • 3 specimens; Rhenish Mountains, Oberrödinghausen, railway cutting; Hangenberg Limestone, loose material; Vöhringer Coll.; MB.C.31100.1–3 • 6 specimens; Rhenish Mountains, Oberrödinghausen, railway cutting; Hangenberg Limestone, loose material; Korn 1977 Coll.; MB.C.31101.1–6 • 1 specimen; Rhenish Mountains, Oberrödinghausen, railway cutting; Hangenberg Limestone, loose material; Korn 1982 Coll.; MB.C.31102 • 3 specimens; Rhenish Mountains, Oberrödinghausen, railway cutting; Hangenberg Limestone, loose material; Korn 1990 Coll.; MB.C.31103.1–3 • 6 specimens; Rhenish Mountains, Oberrödinghausen, railway cutting; Hangenberg Limestone, bed 3a; Korn 1991 Coll.; MB.C.31104.1–6 • 1 specimen; Rhenish Mountains, Oberrödinghausen, west of railway cutting; Hangenberg Limestone, loose material; Korn 1977 Coll.; MB.C.31105 • 3 specimens; Rhenish Mountains, Oberrödinghausen, railway cutting; Hangenberg Limestone, bed 3a; Weyer 1993–1994 Coll.; MB.C.31106.1–3 • 7 specimens; Rhenish Mountains, Oberrödinghausen, railway cutting; Hangenberg Limestone, bed 3b; Weyer 1993–1994 Coll.; MB.C.31107.1–7 • 5 specimens; Rhenish Mountains, Oberrödinghausen, railway cutting; Hangenberg Limestone, bed 3c1; Weyer 1993–1994 Coll.; MB.C.31108.1–5 • 7 specimens; Rhenish Mountains, Oberrödinghausen, railway cutting; Hangenberg Limestone, bed 3d1; Weyer 1993–1994 Coll.; MB.C.31109.1–7 • 8 specimens; Rhenish Mountains, Oberrödinghausen, railway cutting; Hangenberg Limestone, bed 3d1b; Weyer 1993–1994 Coll.; MB.C.31110.1–8 • 3 specimens; Rhenish Mountains, Oberrödinghausen, railway cutting; Hangenberg Limestone, bed 3d2; Weyer 1993–1994 Coll.; MB.C.31111.1–3 • 8 specimens; Rhenish Mountains, Oberrödinghausen, railway cutting; Hangenberg Limestone, bed 3e; Weyer 1993–1994 Coll.; MB.C.31112.1–8 • 1 specimen; Rhenish Mountains, Oberrödinghausen, road cutting; Hangenberg Limestone, bed 3d; Korn &amp; Weyer 2000 Coll.; MB.C.31113 • 1 specimen; Rhenish Mountains, Hasselbachtal; Hangenberg Limestone, bed 45; Weyer 1993–1994 Coll.; MB.C.5234.1 • 1 specimen; Rhenish Mountains, Hasselbachtal; Hangenberg Limestone, bed 46; Weyer 1993–1994 Coll.; MB.C.5235.1 • 1 specimen; Rhenish Mountains, Oese, old quarry; bed interval V; Paproth Coll.; MB.C.5274 .</p><p>Description</p><p>Holotype GPIT-PV-63995 is an almost complete, rather well preserved specimen with a diameter of 56 mm (Fig. 42A). It is thickly discoidal (ww/dm = 0.51) with a completely closed umbilicus. The whorl profile is widest in the immediate vicinity of the rounded umbilical margin, from where the flanks converge strongly towards the comparatively narrowly rounded venter. The whorl expansion rate almost reaches the value of 2.00. Areas of the specimen are covered with shell remains; these show fine growth lines, which extend almost straight across the flank and form a sinus on the venter. The internal mould bears several wide and rather deep constrictions, which are produced by prominent radial internal shell thickenings. They are largely parallel to the growth lines (Fig. 44E).</p><p>The suture lines of the two paratypes MB.C.31111.3 (Fig. 44B) and GPIT-PV-63885 (Fig. 44C) closely resemble each other. Both show a lanceolate external lobe and a V-shaped adventive lobe.</p><p>Two complete cross sections are available for study; paratype MB.C.31111.2 (24 mm dm; Fig. 44A) and paratype MB.C.31099.1 (53 mm dm; Fig. 45A) show almost identical section images in juvenile and middle growth stages. Both show the transformation of the short widely umbilicate initial stage (up to 2.5 mm dm) to the stout late juvenile stage between 4 and 7 mm conch diameter, where the conch is almost spherical (ww/dm = 0.90). Thereafter, there is a rapid increase in whorl height; at the same time, the flanks become significantly more convergent.</p><p>The intraspecific variation is rather low (Fig. 44F–H) and seems to increase in the middle and adult stages. However, this effect in the diagrams is possibly caused by the large number of specimens from this size class, while only two very similar specimens allow the study of juvenile morphology.</p><p>Remarks</p><p>Specimens of the new species Stockumites voehringeri sp. nov. were included in S. subbilobatus by (Vöhringer 1960) and (Korn 1994). The two species differ in the shape of the conch and the ornament of the shell. Stockumites voehringeri has convergent flanks, but they are almost parallel or only slightly convergent in S. subbilobatus . In addition, S. voehringeri only has very weak shell constrictions in the juvenile stage, while S. subbilobatus has distinct shell constrictions. In this feature, S. voehringeri also differs from S. intermedius, which has no constrictions.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EA5C14CA4C8504FD98FB20FCF585E1	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Korn, Dieter;Weyer, Dieter	Korn, Dieter, Weyer, Dieter (2023): The ammonoids from the Gattendorfia Limestone of Oberrödinghausen (Early Carboniferous; Rhenish Mountains, Germany). European Journal of Taxonomy 882: 1-230, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2023.882.2177, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2023.882.2177
03EA5C14CA428502FE35FE5AFEF98711.text	03EA5C14CA428502FE35FE5AFEF98711.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Stockumites exilis (Vohringer 1960) Korn & Weyer 2023	<div><p>Stockumites exilis (Vöhringer, 1960) comb. nov.</p><p>Figs 46–47; Tables 40–41</p><p>Imitoceras liratum exile Vöhringer, 1960: 126, pl. 2 fig. 3, text-fig. 6.</p><p>Acutimitoceras exile – Korn 1994: 45, text-figs 46c–d, 50h, 52d, 54b–c.</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Species of Stockumites with a conch reaching 40 mm diameter. Conch at 4 mm dm thinly pachyconic, subinvolute (ww/dm ~0.65; uw/dm ~0.15); at 12 mm dm thickly discoidal, involute (ww/dm ~0.55; uw/dm ~0.05); at 20 mm dm thickly discoidal, involute (ww/dm ~0.55; uw/dm ~0.03). Whorl profile at 20 mm dm weakly compressed (ww/wh ~0.85); coiling rate moderately high (WER ~1.80). Venter rounded, umbilical margin rounded. Growth lines fine, wide-standing, with convex course. Moderately deep constrictions on the shell surface; weak internal shell thickenings. Suture line with lanceolate external lobe and V-shaped adventive lobe.</p><p>Material examined</p><p>Holotype</p><p>GERMANY • Rhenish Mountains, Oberrödinghausen, railway cutting; Hangenberg Limestone, bed 4; Vöhringer Coll .; illustrated by Vöhringer (1960, pl. 2 fig. 3) and Korn (1994, text-fig. 46d); re-illustrated here in Fig. 46A; GPIT-PV-63868.</p><p>Paratypes</p><p>GERMANY • 2 specimens; Rhenish Mountains, Oberrödinghausen, railway cutting; Hangenberg Limestone, bed 3b; Vöhringer Coll.; GPIT-PV-63870, GPIT-PV-64019 • 2 specimens; Rhenish Mountains, Oberrödinghausen, railway cutting; Hangenberg Limestone, bed 3c; Vöhringer Coll.; GPIT- PV-64018, GPIT-PV-64021 • 1 specimen; Rhenish Mountains, Oberrödinghausen, railway cutting; Hangenberg Limestone, bed 3d; Vöhringer Coll.; GPIT-PV-63933 .</p><p>Description</p><p>Holotype GPIT-PV-63868 is a moderately well-preserved specimen with 22 mm conch diameter (Fig. 46A). It has a discoidal shape (ww/dm = 0.45) with a closed umbilicus, a compressed whorl profile (wh/dm = 0.85) and a low coiling rate (WER = 1.73). The shell surface is preserved on the last half whorl and shows fine, widely spaced growth lines. These extend almost straight across the flank and bend backwards in the ventrolateral area to form a ventral sinus. Parallel to the growth lines, distinct shell constrictions are arranged at intervals of less than 90 degrees (Fig. 47D). These constrictions vary in depth.</p><p>The suture line of paratype GPIT-PV-64018 has a V-shaped external lobe, a rather narrow, narrowly rounded ventrolateral saddle and a V-shaped adventive lobe (Fig. 47B). The latter is slightly wider than the external lobe and has slightly convexly curved flanks.</p><p>Remarks</p><p>Stockumites exilis belongs to the species of the genus with a small conch. The species is distinguished from most other species by its very slender conch. The combination of these features with the distinct shell constrictions, which are absent in many of the species of Stockumites, is important to characterise this species.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EA5C14CA428502FE35FE5AFEF98711	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Korn, Dieter;Weyer, Dieter	Korn, Dieter, Weyer, Dieter (2023): The ammonoids from the Gattendorfia Limestone of Oberrödinghausen (Early Carboniferous; Rhenish Mountains, Germany). European Journal of Taxonomy 882: 1-230, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2023.882.2177, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2023.882.2177
03EA5C14CA44851FFE3DFC2CFC638683.text	03EA5C14CA44851FFE3DFC2CFC638683.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Stockumites similis (Vohringer 1960) Korn & Weyer 2023	<div><p>Stockumites similis (Vöhringer, 1960) comb. nov.</p><p>Figs 48–49; Tables 42–43</p><p>Imitoceras liratum simile Vöhringer, 1960: 127, pl. 2 fig. 4, text-fig. 7.</p><p>Prionoceras (Imitoceras) liratum simile – Weyer 1965: 446, pl. 8 figs 1–2.</p><p>Acutimitoceras simile – Korn 1994: 49, text-figs 46a–b, 47d, 50g, 54a.</p><p>non Imitoceras (Imitoceras) simile – Ruan 1981: 75, pl. 16 figs 10–12.</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Species of Stockumites with a conch reaching 40 mm diameter. Conch at 5 mm dm thickly pachyconic, involute (ww/dm ~0.75; uw/dm ~0.10); at 15 mm dm thinly pachyconic, involute (ww/dm ~0.65; uw/dm ~0.00); at 30 mm dm thickly discoidal, involute (ww/dm ~0.55; uw/dm ~0.02). Whorl profile at 30 mm dm weakly depressed (ww/wh ~1.00); coiling rate moderately high (WER ~1.95). Venter broadly rounded, umbilical margin broadly rounded. Growth lines very fine, narrow-standing, with convex course. Weak constrictions on the shell surface; weak internal shell thickenings. Suture line with narrowly lanceolate external lobe and narrowly V-shaped adventive lobe.</p><p>Material examined</p><p>Holotype</p><p>GERMANY • Rhenish Mountains, Oberrödinghausen, railway cutting; Hangenberg Limestone, bed 1; Vöhringer Coll .; illustrated by Vöhringer (1960: pl. 2 fig. 4) and Korn (1994: text-fig. 46b); re-illustrated here in Fig. 48B; GPIT-PV-63894.</p><p>Paratypes</p><p>GERMANY • 2 specimens; Rhenish Mountains, Oberrödinghausen, railway cutting; Hangenberg Limestone, bed 1; Vöhringer Coll.; GPIT-PV-63874, GPIT-PV-63878 • 1 specimen; Rhenish Mountains, Oberrödinghausen, railway cutting; Hangenberg Limestone, bed 3c; Vöhringer Coll.; GPIT-PV-63876 .</p><p>Additional material</p><p>GERMANY • 2 specimens; Rhenish Mountains, Oberrödinghausen, railway cutting; Hangenberg Limestone,bed2;Vöhringer Coll.;MB.C.31114.1–2 • 1specimen; Rhenish Mountains, Oberrödinghausen, railway cutting; Hangenberg Limestone, bed 2a; Weyer 1993–1994 Coll.; MB.C.31115 • 1 specimen; Rhenish Mountains, Oberrödinghausen, railway cutting; Hangenberg Limestone, bed 2b; Weyer 1993–1994 Coll.; MB.C.31116 • 2 specimens; Rhenish Mountains, Oberrödinghausen, road cutting; Hangenberg Limestone, bed 2; Korn 1977 Coll.; MB.C.31117.1–2 • 1 specimen; Rhenish Mountains, Oberrödinghausen, road cutting; Hangenberg Limestone, bed 1; Korn &amp; Weyer 2000 Coll.; MB.C.31118.</p><p>Description</p><p>Holotype GPIT-PV-63894 is a specimen with partially preserved shell, 29 mm in diameter (Fig. 48B). It is thickly discoidal (ww/dm = 0.56) with an almost completely closed umbilicus and a moderate coiling rate (WER = 1.85). The whorl profile is characterised by a broadly rounded venter that merges continuously into the broadly rounded flanks. The umbilical margin is also evenly rounded. The shell surface bears extremely fine growth lines extending with a convex arch across the flanks. Broad but shallow shell constrictions run parallel to the growth lines (Fig. 49D).</p><p>Paratype GPIT-PV-63874 with 39 mm conch diameter is more slender (ww/dm = 0.51) and has a higher coiling rate (WER = 2.04). This specimen has very fine growth lines and shell constrictions, which are additionally reinforced on the inner side of the shell and therefore cause deep constrictions of the internal mould (Fig. 48A). The suture line of paratype GPIT-PV-63876 shows a lanceolate external lobe with weakly divergent flanks. It is almost as wide as the narrowly rounded ventrolateral saddle and the V-shaped adventive lobe (Fig. 49C).</p><p>The cross sections of specimen MB.C.31115 and paratype GPIT-PV-63878 allow the study of conch ontogeny up to a diameter of 30 mm (Fig. 49 A-B). The whorl profile is crescent-shaped up to about 2 mm in diameter; after that, a transformation into a C-shaped and finally horseshoe-shaped form takes place very quickly. Both cross sections show very similar trajectories; the difference in the early juvenile stage could be due to a non-central location of the section of paratype GPIT-PV-63878.</p><p>Remarks</p><p>Stockumites similis was introduced as a subspecies of the Late Devonian species “ Imitoceras liratum ” by Vöhringer (1960). However, apart from being prionoceratids, these two species share only the thickly discoidal to pachyconic conch with shell constrictions, while the inner whorls have a very dissimilar morphology. Furthermore, the adult conch has a very low aperture in Mimimitoceras liratum; the WER is only around 1.50 in contrast to 1.95 in S. similis .</p><p>Stockumites similis differs from S. exilis by the stouter conch; at 15 mm conch diameter, the ww/dm ratio is 0.65 for S. similis, but only 0.55 for S. exilis . In addition, the coiling rate is apparently higher in S. similis than in S. exilis (WER ~ 1.95 in S. similis but only ~ 1.75 in S. exilis).</p><p>Other species with shell constrictions are S. convexus and S. parallelus sp. nov. Both species are more slender at 15 mm conch diameter (ww/dm = 0.55). In addition, both bear distinctly coarser growth lines, which are weakly biconvex in S. parallelus in contrast to S. similis .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EA5C14CA44851FFE3DFC2CFC638683	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Korn, Dieter;Weyer, Dieter	Korn, Dieter, Weyer, Dieter (2023): The ammonoids from the Gattendorfia Limestone of Oberrödinghausen (Early Carboniferous; Rhenish Mountains, Germany). European Journal of Taxonomy 882: 1-230, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2023.882.2177, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2023.882.2177
03EA5C14CA59851DFE2EFCBBFB48838C.text	03EA5C14CA59851DFE2EFCBBFB48838C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Stockumites depressus (Vohringer 1960)	<div><p>Stockumites depressus (Vöhringer, 1960) comb. nov.</p><p>Figs 50–51; Tables 44–45</p><p>Imitoceras depressum Vöhringer, 1960: 130, pl. 3 fig. 5, text-fig. 10.</p><p>Acutimitoceras depressum – Korn 1994: 43, text-figs 44i–j, 45d, f–g, 47c, 48e. — Ebbighausen &amp; Bockwinkel 2007: 131, text-figs 12c–d, 13.</p><p>non Imitoceras (Imitoceras) depressum – Ruan 1981: 66, pl. 13 figs 10–11.</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Species of Stockumites with a conch reaching 50 mm diameter. Conch at 5 mm dm globular, subinvolute (ww/dm ~0.85–0.95; uw/dm = 0.15–0.25); at 15 mm dm pachyconic, involute (ww/dm = 0.70–0.80; uw/ dm = 0.05–0.10); at 30 mm dm thinly pachyconic, involute (ww/dm ~0.70; uw/dm ~0.05). Whorl profile at 30 mm dm weakly depressed (ww/wh ~1.35); coiling rate moderately high (WER ~1.90). Venter broadly rounded, umbilical margin broadly rounded. Growth lines fine, wide-standing, with weakly biconvex course. Without constrictions on the shell surface; with weak internal shell thickenings. Suture line with narrowly lanceolate external lobe and V-shaped adventive lobe.</p><p>Material examined</p><p>Holotype</p><p>GERMANY • Rhenish Mountains, Oberrödinghausen, railway cutting; Hangenberg Limestone, bed 2; Vöhringer Coll .; illustrated by Vöhringer (1960: pl. 3 fig. 5) and Korn (1994: text-fig. 44i); re-illustrated here in Fig. 50B; GPIT-PV-63872.</p><p>Paratypes</p><p>GERMANY • 2 specimens; Rhenish Mountains, Oberrödinghausen, railway cutting; Hangenberg Limestone, bed 2; Vöhringer Coll.; GPIT-PV-63887, GPIT-PV-63889 • 1 specimen; Rhenish Mountains, Oberrödinghausen, railway cutting; Hangenberg Limestone, bed 3b; Vöhringer Coll.; GPIT-PV-63886 .</p><p>Additional material</p><p>GERMANY • 1 specimen; Rhenish Mountains, Oberrödinghausen, railway cutting; Hangenberg Limestone, bed 2; Vöhringer Coll.; MB.C.31119 • 1 specimen; Rhenish Mountains, Oberrödinghausen, railway cutting; Hangenberg Limestone, bed 3a; Vöhringer Coll.; MB.C.31120 .</p><p>Description</p><p>Holotype GPIT-PV-63872 with a diameter of 24 mm is the smaller of two rather well preserved specimens from the type series. It is thinly pachyconic (ww/dm = 0.67) with closed umbilicus and broadly arched flanks and venter (Fig. 50B). The coiling rate is moderately high (WER = 1.87). The shell surface bears fine growth lines that are weakly biconvex on the flank with a dorsolateral projection that is slightly higher than the ventrolateral projection (Fig. 51E). The ventral sinus is broad and shallow. The suture line has a narrow V-shaped external lobe, a somewhat asymmetrical, narrowly rounded ventrolateral saddle and a V-shaped adventive lobe (Fig. 51D).</p><p>The larger paratype GPIT-PV-63886 with a conch diameter of 31 mm has a somewhat stouter conch shape (ww/dm = 0.71) compared to the holotype. This specimen also has very fine, slightly biconvex growth lines and like in the holotype, shell constrictions and internal shell thickenings are absent (Fig. 50A).</p><p>The three cross sections shown (Fig. 51A–C) demonstrate the rather large variation within the species. The growth trajectories show only minor ontogenetic changes; up to a conch diameter of 10 mm, growth is even almost isometric. Only thereafter, the ww/dm ratio (and thus the ww/wh ratio) shows a decrease. However, the umbilicus begins to close at about 4 mm conch diameter.</p><p>Remarks</p><p>Stockumites depressus has a conch form most similar to that of S. intermedius . However, S. depressus has a rather narrowly rounded umbilical margin, which is clearly different from the very broadly rounded umbilical margin of S. intermedius . The inner whorls are less widely umbilicate in S. depressus when compared to S. intermedius . The growth lines are clearly different; they are fine and with a biconvex course in S. depressus but lamellar and convex in S. intermedius . Other species of Stockumites have either a stouter ( S. kleinerae) or more slender conch (most of the other species of the genus).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EA5C14CA59851DFE2EFCBBFB48838C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Korn, Dieter;Weyer, Dieter	Korn, Dieter, Weyer, Dieter (2023): The ammonoids from the Gattendorfia Limestone of Oberrödinghausen (Early Carboniferous; Rhenish Mountains, Germany). European Journal of Taxonomy 882: 1-230, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2023.882.2177, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2023.882.2177
03EA5C14CA5A851BFD99FE98FB2B8073.text	03EA5C14CA5A851BFD99FE98FB2B8073.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Stockumites marocensis Korn & Weyer 2023	<div><p>Stockumites marocensis sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: A143D72A-BF03-46B2-B337-F2FD600C598F</p><p>Tables 46–47</p><p>Acutimitoceras intermedium – Belka et al. 1999: pl. 5 figs 7–8. — Korn 1999: 166, pl. 2 fig. 8. — Bockwinkel &amp; Ebbighausen 2006: 97, text-figs 13–14. — Ebbighausen &amp; Bockwinkel 2007: 131, text-figs 8f–g, 10, 12a–b. — Korn &amp; Feist 2007: 106, text-fig. 6b–c, h.</p><p>Stockumites intermedius – Becker et al. 2002: pl. 2 figs 13–14.</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Species of Stockumites with a thickly pachyconic and subinvolute conch at 5 mm dm (ww/dm = 0.75– 0.85; uw/dm = 0.15–0.25) and a pachyconic and involute conch at 15 mm dm (ww/dm = 0.65–0.75; uw/ dm = 0.00–0.10). Whorl profile at 15 mm dm weakly depressed (ww/wh ~1.20); coiling rate moderate to high (WER = 1.90–2.15). Venter broadly rounded throughout ontogeny, umbilical margin broadly rounded. Prominent internal shell thickenings with weakly biconvex course in the preadult stage. Suture line with lanceolate external lobe and symmetric, V-shaped adventive lobe with gently curved flanks.</p><p>Etymology</p><p>Named after Morocco, where the material comes from.</p><p>Material examined</p><p>Holotype</p><p>MOROCCO • Anti-Atlas, Bou Tlidat near Fezzou, bed 2; Ebbighausen &amp; Bockwinkel Coll.; illustrated by Ebbighausen &amp; Bockwinkel (2007: text-fig. 8g); MB.C.10155.1.</p><p>Paratypes</p><p>MOROCCO • 263 specimens; Anti-Atlas, Bou Tlidat near Fezzou, bed 2; Ebbighausen &amp; Bockwinkel Coll.; MB.C.10155.2–MB.C.10155.264 • 14 specimens; Anti-Atlas, Tazoult near Fezzou, bed 2; Ebbighausen &amp; Bockwinkel Coll.; MB.C.10193.1–MB.C.10193.14 • 26 specimens; Anti-Atlas, Tazoult near Fezzou, float material; Ebbighausen &amp; Bockwinkel Coll.; MB.C.10206.1.1–MB.C.10206- 26 • 4 specimens; Anti-Atlas, Rich el Mbidia near Fezzou, bed 2; Ebbighausen &amp; Bockwinkel Coll.; MB.C.10171.1–MB.C.10171.4 • 4 specimens; Anti-Atlas, Tizi Ibaouâne near Fezzou, bed 2; Ebbighausen &amp; Bockwinkel Coll.; MB.C.10216.1–MB.C.10216.4 • 4 specimens; Anti-Atlas, Tizi Malilane near Fezzou, bed 2; Ebbighausen &amp; Bockwinkel Coll.; MB.C.10239.1–MB.C.10239.4 • 16 specimens; Anti-Atlas, Mfis near Taouz, bed 1c; Bockwinkel &amp; Ebbighausen Coll.; MB.C.3807.1–16 • 5 specimens; Anti-Atlas, Mfis near Taouz, bed 2; Bockwinkel &amp; Ebbighausen Coll.; MB.C.3813.1–5.</p><p>Description</p><p>The species newly named here has been described in detail by Bockwinkel &amp; Ebbighausen (2006) and Ebbighausen &amp; Bockwinkel (2007), hence reference can be made here to those articles.</p><p>Remarks</p><p>The material described here as the new species Stockumites marocensis sp. nov. was originally attributed to Acutimitoceras intermedium by several authors. In fact, both species have a very similar stout conch shape and even resemble each other in the shape of the umbilicus with a broadly rounded umbilical margin. However, there are considerable differences in the ontogenetic development of the conch; the ontogeny of S. marocensis is accelerated. This means that the umbilicus closes earlier than in S. intermedius . For example, the uw/dm ratio falls below the value of 0.20 already between 4 and 6 mm conch diameter, whereas in S. intermedius from bed 5 of Oberrödinghausen this is the case only above 10 mm diameter. Specimens of S. intermedius from bed 6 are similar in closure of the umbilicus to specimens of S. marocensis, but the latter has an accelerated increase in coiling rate.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EA5C14CA5A851BFD99FE98FB2B8073	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Korn, Dieter;Weyer, Dieter	Korn, Dieter, Weyer, Dieter (2023): The ammonoids from the Gattendorfia Limestone of Oberrödinghausen (Early Carboniferous; Rhenish Mountains, Germany). European Journal of Taxonomy 882: 1-230, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2023.882.2177, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2023.882.2177
03EA5C14CA5D851AFDE1FBD4FC598581.text	03EA5C14CA5D851AFDE1FBD4FC598581.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Acutimitoceras Librovitch 1957	<div><p>Genus Acutimitoceras Librovitch, 1957</p><p>Type species</p><p>Imitoceras acutum Schindewolf, 1923: 333; original designation.</p><p>Genus diagnosis</p><p>Genus of the Acutimitoceratinae with a discoidal, lenticular conch with low to high coiling rate (WER = 1.70–2.20); inner whorls subevolute or evolute. Venter narrowly rounded or oxyconic with an attached ventral keel. Ornament with biconvex growth lines, shell with constrictions. Suture line with deep and broad, V-shaped external lobe (as deep as the adventive lobe).</p><p>Genus composition</p><p>Central Europe (Schindewolf 1923): Imitoceras acutum (Schindewolf, 1923); Acutimitoceras ucatum sp. nov.; Acutimitoceras paracutum sp. nov.</p><p>South China (Sun &amp; Shen 1965): Imitoceras wangyuense Sun &amp; Shen, 1965 .</p><p>Remarks</p><p>Acutimitoceras was established by Librovitch (1957) for prionoceratids with a sharpened venter. The genus was subsequently not considered further but was revived and broadened by Korn (1981, 1984) to include those early Tournaisian prionoceratid species that differ from the genus Mimimitoceras by more widely umbilicate inner whorls. However, this definition also includes species that are now placed in other genera (e.g., Stockumites, Nicimitoceras, Hasselbachia).</p><p>Acutimitoceras was then restricted to the oxyconic forms by Becker (1996), who established the subgenus Stockumites for those forms with a rounded venter throughout ontogeny. This concept was either not supported (e.g., Korn &amp; Klug 2002; Korn &amp; Weyer 2003; Korn 2006; Korn &amp; Feist 2007) or accepted on the condition that Stockumites remains only a subgenus of Acutimitoceras (Kullmann 2009) . However, a closer examination of the material from the various regions (Rhenish Mountains, Upper Franconia, Thuringia, Guizhou) shows that the acute venter is not the only character to distinguish Acutimitoceras from Stockumites (Korn &amp; Weyer 2023) . An additional good distinguishing character is the attached keel, which gives the external side a galeate profile in cross-section even when the venter is not acute. Therefore, Acutimitoceras is reduced here to the forms with these two characters and the genus Stockumites is accepted for the forms without an attached keel.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EA5C14CA5D851AFDE1FBD4FC598581	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Korn, Dieter;Weyer, Dieter	Korn, Dieter, Weyer, Dieter (2023): The ammonoids from the Gattendorfia Limestone of Oberrödinghausen (Early Carboniferous; Rhenish Mountains, Germany). European Journal of Taxonomy 882: 1-230, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2023.882.2177, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2023.882.2177
03EA5C14CA5C8518FD92FDB8FBCB8234.text	03EA5C14CA5C8518FD92FDB8FBCB8234.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Acutimitoceras ucatum Korn & Weyer 2023	<div><p>Acutimitoceras ucatum sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 93EC6766-E4CB-4811-A919-79F87CF41BAE</p><p>Figs 52–53; Tables 48–49</p><p>Aganides acutus – Schmidt 1925: 534, pl. 19 fig. 5.</p><p>Imitoceras acutum – Vöhringer 1960: 137, pl. 1 fig. 7, text-fig. 16.</p><p>Acutimitoceras acutum – Korn 1994: 42, text-figs 49j–k, 50b, 51a, 53c–d, 56h, 57a.</p><p>Acutimitoceras acutum acutum – Bartzsch &amp; Weyer 1996: 95, text-fig. 1.</p><p>Acutimitoceras (Acutimitoceras) acutum – Becker 1996: 36.</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Species of Acutimitoceras with thickly discoidal and subinvolute conch at 6 mm dm (ww/dm ~0.50; uw/ dm ~0.25), thinly discoidal and involute conch at 12 mm dm (ww/dm ~0.40; uw/dm ~0.12) and thinly discoidal and involute conch at 24 mm dm (ww/dm ~0.35; umbilicus closed). Whorl cross section at 24 mm dm compressed (ww/wh ~0.60); coiling rate high (WER ~2.10). Venter subacute at 8 mm dm and acute at 15 mm dm. Lamellar growth lines with slightly biconvex course. Weak shell constrictions; they largely follow the course of the growth lines.</p><p>Etymology</p><p>An anagram of acutum, referring to the close resemblance of the two species.</p><p>Material examined</p><p>Holotype</p><p>GERMANY • Rhenish Mountains, Oberrödinghausen, railway cutting; Hangenberg Limestone, bed 6; Vöhringer Coll.; illustrated by Korn (1994: text-fig. 49k); re-illustrated here in Fig. 52B; GPIT- PV-63900.</p><p>Paratypes</p><p>GERMANY • 2 specimens; Rhenish Mountains, Oberrödinghausen, railway cutting; Hangenberg Limestone, bed 6; Vöhringer Coll.; GPIT-PV-63901, GPIT-PV-63902 • 1 specimen; Rhenish Mountains, Oberrödinghausen, railway cutting; Hangenberg Limestone, bed 6; Vöhringer Coll.; GPIT-PV-63899 • 2 specimens; Rhenish Mountains, Oberrödinghausen, railway cutting; Hangenberg Limestone, bed 4; Vöhringer Coll.; MB.C.31121.1–2 • 1 specimen; Rhenish Mountains, Oberrödinghausen, railway cutting; Hangenberg Limestone, bed 5; Vöhringer Coll.; MB.C.31122 • 1 specimen; Rhenish Mountains, Oberrödinghausen, railway cutting; Hangenberg Limestone, bed 5a2; Weyer 1993–1994 Coll.; MB.C.31123 • 1 specimen; Rhenish Mountains, Oberrödinghausen, railway cutting; Hangenberg Limestone, bed 6a; Weyer 1993–1994 Coll.; MB.C.31124 • 1 specimen; Rhenish Mountains, Oberrödinghausen, railway cutting; Hangenberg Limestone, bed 6b2; Weyer 1993–1994 Coll.; MB.C.31125 • 1 specimen; Rhenish Mountains, Oese, old quarry; Hangenberg Limestone, bed 10; Becker 1988 Coll.; MB.C.3374 .</p><p>Description</p><p>Holotype GPIT-PV-63900 is the better preserved of the two illustrated specimens collected by Vöhringer (1960). It has a conch diameter of 22 mm and is widely covered with shell remains (Fig. 52B). The conch has the shape of a discus (ww/dm = 0.35) and the umbilicus is almost completely closed. The whorl profile shows convex flanks, which are almost parallel in the dorsolateral region and, in the ventrolateral region, converge rapidly towards the acute venter. An attached keel supports the sharpening of the venter.</p><p>The shell surface of the holotype shows lamellar, regularly spaced growth lines with a weakly biconvex course (Fig. 53C). Both lateral projections are low and the ventral sinus is very shallow. Very weak shell constrictions extend parallel to the growth lines.</p><p>Paratype GPIT-PV-63899 has a 25 mm conch diameter and is very similar to the holotype in its conch proportions and also in its shell ornament (Fig. 52A). In this specimen, too, the umbilicus is not yet completely closed. The suture line has a wide, V-shaped external lobe with nearly straight flanks, a rounded ventrolateral saddle and an asymmetric adventive lobe. This is pointed at its base and possesses a strongly convex ventral flank and a weakly convex dorsal flank (Fig. 53B).</p><p>The sectioned paratype GPIT-PV-63902 allows the study of its conch ontogeny up to a diameter of 24 mm (Fig. 53A). There are very noticeable changes in conch geometry; the whorl profile begins kidney-shaped in the early juvenile stage, followed by an almost circular profile, which changes to a galeate and finally oxyconic shape with increasing whorl height. The coiling rate shows an almost continuous increase during ontogeny. Between 2 and 3 mm conch diameter it is only about 1.70 and gradually increases to a maximum value of WER = 2.11 at 25 mm diameter.</p><p>Remarks</p><p>For the separation of Acutimitoceras ucatum sp. nov. and A. acutum, cross-sections of the conchs are best suited. Paratype GPIT-PV-63902 (with the penultimate half of the whorl reconstructed by interpolation) and a cross-section of a paratype of “ A. acutum oxynotum ” (= A. acutum) from Saalfeld show especially the differences in the shape of the flanks. While the flanks are convex in A. ucatum, they are flattened and more strongly convergent in A. acutum . The growth diagrams show that A. acutum and A. ucatum hardly differ in the ontogenetic courses. The two species can also be separated by the strength of the growth lines, which are rather coarse in A. ucatum but very delicate in A. acutum .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EA5C14CA5C8518FD92FDB8FBCB8234	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Korn, Dieter;Weyer, Dieter	Korn, Dieter, Weyer, Dieter (2023): The ammonoids from the Gattendorfia Limestone of Oberrödinghausen (Early Carboniferous; Rhenish Mountains, Germany). European Journal of Taxonomy 882: 1-230, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2023.882.2177, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2023.882.2177
03EA5C14CA5E8516FD86F904FAAC877C.text	03EA5C14CA5E8516FD86F904FAAC877C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Acutimitoceras paracutum Korn & Weyer 2023	<div><p>Acutimitoceras paracutum sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: CBBCC2D2-8B60-491F-9F4F-875625DFFFC7</p><p>Fig. 54; Table 50</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Species of Acutimitoceras with a thinly discoidal and involute adult stage at 20 mm dm (ww/dm ~0.40; uw/dm ~0.12). Whorl cross section at 20 mm dm compressed (ww/wh ~0.75); coiling rate low (WER ~1.70). Venter narrowly rounded at 10 mm dm and subacute at 20 mm dm. Lamellar growth lines with slightly biconvex course. Weak constrictions on the shell surface; they stand in distances of about 75 degrees and largely follow the course of the growth-lines.</p><p>Etymology</p><p>Named because of the morphological similarity to Acutimitoceras acutum .</p><p>Material examined</p><p>Holotype</p><p>GERMANY • Rhenish Mountains, Oberrödinghausen, railway cutting; Hangenberg Limestone, bed 6a; Weyer 1993–1994 Coll.; illustrated in Fig. 54B; MB.C.31127.</p><p>Paratype</p><p>GERMANY • 1 specimen; Rhenish Mountains, Oberrödinghausen, railway cutting; Hangenberg Limestone, bed 6a; Korn 1989 Coll.; MB.C.31126 .</p><p>Description</p><p>Holotype MB.C.31127 has a conch diameter of 20 mm and is a well-preserved specimen (Fig. 54B). It is discus-shaped and involute (ww/dm = 0.40; uw/dm = 0.12) and possesses a whorl profile with a rounded umbilical margin, from where the convex flanks converge towards the subacute venter. The ww/wh ratio is 0.77 and the coiling rate is low (WER = 1.72). The last whorl of the specimen is increasingly overlapping upon the umbilicus; therefore, the uw/dm ratio has a value of 0.17 at about 15.5 mm conch diameter.</p><p>The entire specimen is covered with shell, which possesses nearly equidistant lamellar growth lines, five of which are counted on one millimetre on the outer flank. They have a weakly biconvex course with a low dorsolateral projection in some distance from the umbilicus on the inner flank, a very shallow lateral sinus, a low ventrolateral projection and a shallow, broadly V-shaped but closely rounded ventral sinus. The specimen has five shell constrictions, which are almost regularly spaced. They are slightly oblique in their course so that they cross the growth lines at a very acute angle.</p><p>Paratype MB.C.31126 has 24 mm conch diameter and corresponds to the holotype with regard to conch geometry (Fig. 54A). However, the umbilicus is almost closed in this specimen. The shape of the venter is subacute with an attached keel. The shell bears widespread, lamellar growth lines running across the keel and four constrictions at 90-degree intervals.</p><p>Remarks</p><p>Acutimitoceras paracutum sp. nov. differs from the other species of the genus by the low coiling rate and the rapid closure of the umbilicus at a large conch diameter. While the holotype of A. paracutum has a whorl expansion rate of only ~1.72 at 20 mm conch diameter, the other species of Acutimitoceras show a much higher value (normally above 2.00). The similar A. acutum, for instance, shows a much more rapid coiling (WER ~2.05) at the same growth stage. The second difference to A. acutum is the wider umbilicus in A. paracutum (uw/dm ~0.12 at 20 mm dm in A. paracutum but only about ~ 0.05 in A. acutum).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EA5C14CA5E8516FD86F904FAAC877C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Korn, Dieter;Weyer, Dieter	Korn, Dieter, Weyer, Dieter (2023): The ammonoids from the Gattendorfia Limestone of Oberrödinghausen (Early Carboniferous; Rhenish Mountains, Germany). European Journal of Taxonomy 882: 1-230, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2023.882.2177, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2023.882.2177
03EA5C14CA508516FDFDFCA9FCA9824F.text	03EA5C14CA508516FDFDFCA9FCA9824F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Costimitoceras Vohringer 1960	<div><p>Genus Costimitoceras Vöhringer, 1960</p><p>Type species</p><p>Costimitoceras ornatum Vöhringer, 1960: 148; original designation.</p><p>Genus diagnosis</p><p>Genus of the Acutimitoceratinae with a discoidal conch and moderately high to high coiling rate (WER = 1.90–2.20); inner whorls evolute. Ornament with biconvex growth lines and spiral lines. Suture line with deep external lobe.</p><p>Genus composition</p><p>Central Europe (Vöhringer 1960): Costimitoceras ornatum Vöhringer, 1960 .</p><p>North Africa(Ebbighausen &amp; Bockwinkel 2007): Costimitoceras aitouamar Ebbighausen&amp; Bockwinkel, 2007 .</p><p>South China (Ruan 1981): Imitoceras (Costimitoceras) epichare Ruan, 1981 .</p><p>Remarks</p><p>Costimitoceras can be easily distinguished from all other prionoceratids due to the very striking combination of coarse growth lines and spiral lines.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EA5C14CA508516FDFDFCA9FCA9824F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Korn, Dieter;Weyer, Dieter	Korn, Dieter, Weyer, Dieter (2023): The ammonoids from the Gattendorfia Limestone of Oberrödinghausen (Early Carboniferous; Rhenish Mountains, Germany). European Journal of Taxonomy 882: 1-230, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2023.882.2177, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2023.882.2177
03EA5C14CA508514FDEAF9F0FC75879B.text	03EA5C14CA508514FDEAF9F0FC75879B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Costimitoceras ornatum Vohringer 1960	<div><p>Costimitoceras ornatum Vöhringer, 1960</p><p>Figs 55–56; Tables 51–52</p><p>Costimitoceras ornatum Vöhringer, 1960: 148, pl. 1 fig. 8, text-fig. 25.</p><p>Costimitoceras ornatum – Korn 1994: 53, text-figs 61a–b, 62a–b, 63d, 71a</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Species of Costimitoceras with a conch reaching 40 mm diameter. Conch thickly discoidal, subevolute at 5 mm dm (ww/dm ~0.55; uw/dm ~0.35); thickly discoidal, involute at 15 mm dm (ww/dm ~0.50; uw/dm ~0.05); thinly discoidal, involute at 25 mm dm (ww/dm ~0.40; uw/dm = 0.00). Whorl profile at 25 mm dm weakly compressed (ww/wh ~0.70); coiling rate high (WER ~2.10). Venter broadly rounded in the early and subadult stage, narrowly rounded in the adult stage. Growth lines coarse with biconvex course, coarse spiral lines. Without constrictions on the shell surface; without internal shell thickenings. Suture line with lanceolate external lobe and symmetric, V-shaped adventive lobe.</p><p>Material examined</p><p>Holotype</p><p>GERMANY • Rhenish Mountains, Oberrödinghausen, railway cutting; Hangenberg Limestone, bed 3e; Vöhringer Coll.; illustrated by Vöhringer (1960: pl. 1 fig. 8) and Korn (1994: text-fig. 61a); re-illustrated here in Fig. 55A; GPIT-PV-63918.</p><p>Paratype</p><p>GERMANY • 1 specimen; Rhenish Mountains, Oberrödinghausen, railway cutting; Hangenberg Limestone, bed 3d; Vöhringer Coll.; GPIT-PV-63920 • 1 specimen; Rhenish Mountains, Oberrödinghausen, railway cutting; Hangenberg Limestone, bed 3e; Vöhringer Coll.; GPIT-PV-63922 .</p><p>Additional material</p><p>GERMANY • 1 specimen; Rhenish Mountains, Oberrödinghausen, railway cutting; Hangenberg Limestone, bed 3e; Weyer 1993–1994 Coll.; MB.C.31128 .</p><p>Description</p><p>Holotype GPIT-PV-63918 is a rather well-preserved specimen with 28 mm conch diameter (Fig. 55A). It has the shape of a thick lens (ww/dm ~0.40) with a closed umbilicus and a narrowly rounded venter. The coiling rate is high (WER ~2.10). The very conspicuous ornament consists of a combination of coarse, biconvex growth lines with a rather high dorsolateral projection (Fig. 56D) and a deep ventral sinus and almost equally coarse spiral lines, which are coarsest especially in the ventrolateral region. The suture line shows a lanceolate external lobe and a V-shaped adventive lobe with the same depth (Fig. 56B).</p><p>The smaller paratype GPIT-PV-63920 with 13 mm conch diameter is slightly stouter (ww/dm = 0.50) than the holotype and has a slightly open umbilicus (Fig. 55B). A distinct reticulate ornamentation is also developed in this specimen, but the spiral lines are restricted to the flank. The course of the sharp growth lines is concavo-convex, i.e. without a dorsolateral projection (Fig. 56C).</p><p>Remarks</p><p>Costimitoceras ornatum apparently does not differ from C. epichare in the shape of the conch as well as the ornamentation. Both species are only distinguished by the suture line, which has a lanceolate external lobe in C. ornatum, but which is V-shaped in C. epichare .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EA5C14CA508514FDEAF9F0FC75879B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Korn, Dieter;Weyer, Dieter	Korn, Dieter, Weyer, Dieter (2023): The ammonoids from the Gattendorfia Limestone of Oberrödinghausen (Early Carboniferous; Rhenish Mountains, Germany). European Journal of Taxonomy 882: 1-230, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2023.882.2177, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2023.882.2177
03EA5C14CA558512FD98FE99FE64802F.text	03EA5C14CA558512FD98FE99FE64802F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Nicimitoceras Korn 1993	<div><p>Genus Nicimitoceras Korn, 1993</p><p>Type species</p><p>Imitoceras subacre Vöhringer, 1960: 120; original designation.</p><p>Genus diagnosis</p><p>Genus of the Acutimitoceratinae with a discoidal conch with moderately high to high coiling rate (WER = 1.90–2.20); inner whorls subinvolute to evolute to variable degree. Ornament with convex or slightly biconvex growth lines. Suture line with short, V-shaped or lanceolate external lobe (0.50 to 0.75 depth of the adventive lobe).</p><p>Genus composition</p><p>Central Europe (Schmidt 1924; Vöhringer 1960; Korn 1984): Aganides carinatus Schmidt, 1924; Imitoceras trochiforme Vöhringer, 1960; Imitoceras subacre Vöhringer, 1960; Imitoceras acre Vöhringer, 1960; Imitoceras heterolobatum Vöhringer, 1960; Acutimitoceras caesari Korn, 1984 .</p><p>North Africa (Bockwinkel &amp; Ebbighausen 2006): Acutimitoceras mfisense Bockwinkel &amp; Ebbighausen, 2006 .</p><p>Remarks</p><p>Vöhringer (1960) placed his three new species “ Imitoceras . trochiforme ”, “ I. subacre ” and “ I. acre ” in the species group of “ Imitoceras lineare ”, which was putatively characterised by a conch that is involute in all growth stages and by the absence of shell constrictions. This concept can no longer be followed for several reasons:</p><p>(1) “ Imitoceras lineare ” from the Late Devonian is a species of the genus Mimimitoceras and possesses shell constrictions in the juvenile and middle growth stage (Korn 1994). The species has hardly any features in common with the three Early Carboniferous species and therefore cannot be considered closely related. Mimimitoceras lineare differs markedly in the low coiling rate (WER = 1.50) and the deep external lobe, which has the same depth when compared with the adventive lobe. Species of Nicimitoceras have a very characteristic, short external lobe.</p><p>(2) Vöhriger’s assumption that the three species have a conch that is involute at all growth stages is apparently based on the cross section of specimen GPIT-PV-638645 ( N. trochiforme). However, this cross section is off-centre and does not allow the study of the innermost whorls; there is no evidence for the assumption of involute whorls. In fact, other preparations show that the inner whorls are subinvolute or subevolute.</p><p>The following genera must be discussed in the context of Nicimitoceras:</p><p>Follimitoceras, introduced by Ruan (1995) as a subgenus of Acutimitoceras with the type species Imitoceras (Imitoceras) folliforme Ruan, 1981 . – The subgenus was established for discoidal prionoceratid ammonoids with a deep, slightly pouched external lobe. The conch characters are very similar to Nicimitoceras, with which it shares the lenticular conch shape and the high coiling rate. However, Follimitoceras differs in the deeper, pouched external lobe. Follimitoceras should therefore be regarded as a valid, independent genus. Kullmann (2009) regarded Follimitoceras, with a question mark, as a synonym of Zadelsdorfia . Such an attribution as proposed by Kullmann is very unlikely because of the conch shape and the open umbilicus in the adult stage in Zadelsdorfia .</p><p>Acrimitoceras, also introduced by Ruan (1995) as a subgenus of Acutimitoceras with the type species Imitoceras acre Vöhringer, 1960 . – The subgenus separates the acute end-member of an evolutionary lineage, not paying attention to the evolutionary lineage leading to it, i.e., possibly through Nicimitoceras subacre, the type species of Nicimitoceras . Acrimitoceras should therefore be regarded as synonym of Nicimitoceras .</p><p>Streeliceras, introduced by Becker (1996) as a subgenus of Acutimitoceras with the type species Imitoceras heterolobatum Vöhringer, 1960 . – The subgenus was introduced for species that possess evolute inner whorls in combination with a short external lobe. Separation from Nicimitoceras was only justified by the higher number of evolute juvenile whorls. However, numerous studies of cross-sections of acutimitoceratin ammonoids have shown that the juvenile umbilical width changes gradually between species of the different groups. In contrast, the short external lobe is a very constant character of the acutimitoceratin ammonoids of the “ Gattendorfia Stufe ” and is always accompanied by lenticular conchs and high coiling rates. Therefore, “ Imitoceras heterolobatum ” does hardly fulfil the criteria for an own subgenus and is thus kept in Nicimitoceras here.</p><p>Nicimitoceras differs from Stockumites by the short external lobe and, in most cases, by the higher coiling rate (WER usually above 2.00, but usually below this value in Stockumites).</p><p>A genus with similar species is Imitoceras, but in the species of this genus the external lobe is pouched in contrast to Nicimitoceras with a lanceolate or V-shaped external lobe. In the stratigraphically earliest members of the genus this feature may still be weakly developed (Bockwinkel &amp; Ebbighausen 2006), but the shape of the adventive lobe, the dorsal of which is curved inwards in Imitoceras, is another distinguishing criterion.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EA5C14CA558512FD98FE99FE64802F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Korn, Dieter;Weyer, Dieter	Korn, Dieter, Weyer, Dieter (2023): The ammonoids from the Gattendorfia Limestone of Oberrödinghausen (Early Carboniferous; Rhenish Mountains, Germany). European Journal of Taxonomy 882: 1-230, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2023.882.2177, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2023.882.2177
03EA5C14CA54852FFDC3FB10FAEA85D7.text	03EA5C14CA54852FFDC3FB10FAEA85D7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Nicimitoceras trochiforme (Vohringer 1960)	<div><p>Nicimitoceras trochiforme (Vöhringer, 1960)</p><p>Figs 57–58; Tables 53–54</p><p>Imitoceras trochiforme Vöhringer, 1960: 119, pl. 1 fig. 4, text-fig. 1.</p><p>Imitoceras trochiforme – Bartzsch &amp; Weyer 1982: 21.</p><p>Nicimitoceras trochiforme – Korn 1994: 59, text-figs 58a, 59a–b, 60a–b. — Sprey 2002: 52, pl. 4 fig. 8, text-fig. 17c.</p><p>non Nicimitoceras trochiforme – Bockwinkel &amp; Ebbighausen 2006: 107, text-figs 23, 24a–b, e–f.</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Species of Nicimitoceras with a conch reaching 70 mm diameter. Conch thickly pachyconic, involute at 5 mm dm (ww/dm ~0.75; uw/dm ~0.10); thickly discoidal, involute at 15 mm dm (ww/dm ~0.55; uw/dm ~0.02); thinly discoidal, involute at 30 mm dm (ww/dm ~0.45; uw/dm = 0.00). Whorl profile at 30 mm dm weakly compressed (ww/wh ~0.85); coiling rate high (WER ~2.05). Venter broadly rounded in the early and subadult stage, narrowly rounded in the adult stage. Growth lines extremely fine, with convex course. Without constrictions on the shell surface; without internal shell thickenings. Suture line with lanceolate external lobe and twice as deep, asymmetric adventive lobe with steep ventral flank.</p><p>Material examined</p><p>Holotype</p><p>GERMANY • Rhenish Mountains, Oberrödinghausen, railway cutting; Hangenberg Limestone, bed 3c; Vöhringer Coll.; illustrated by Vöhringer (1960: pl. 1 fig. 4), Korn (1994: text-fig. 58a) and Sprey (2002: pl. 4 fig. 8); re-illustrated here in Fig. 57; GPIT-PV-63848.</p><p>Paratypes</p><p>GERMANY • 2 specimens; Rhenish Mountains, Oberrödinghausen, railway cutting; Hangenberg Limestone, bed 3d; Vöhringer Coll.; GPIT-PV-63849, GPIT-PV-63951 • 1 specimen; Rhenish Mountains, Oberrödinghausen, railway cutting; Hangenberg Limestone, bed 2; Vöhringer Coll.; GPIT-PV-63992.</p><p>Additional material</p><p>GERMANY • 1 specimen; Rhenish Mountains, Oberrödinghausen, railway cutting; Hangenberg Limestone, bed 2; Vöhringer Coll.; MB.C.31129 .</p><p>Description</p><p>Holotype GPIT-PV-63848 is a rather complete but somewhat corroded specimen with 56 mm conch diameter (Fig. 57). It is a thinly discoidal conch (ww/dm = 0.37) with a closed umbilicus and a moderately high coiling rate (WER ~1.90). The whorls are widest in the area of the inner flank near the umbilicus; from there the broadly rounded flanks converge to the rather narrowly rounded venter. The body chamber is corroded and there are no shell remains preserved; the internal mould does not show constrictions. The suture line has a small, narrow, lanceolate external lobe. The adventive lobe is almost twice as deep and very asymmetrical with an almost vertical ventral and a distinctly convex dorsal flank (Fig. 58D).</p><p>The cross sections of the paratypes GPIT-PV-63851 (Fig. 58B) and GPIT-PV-63992 (Fig. 58C) allow the study of conch morphology up to a diameter of 23 mm. Particularly paratype GPIT-PV-63851 shows the transition from the early juvenile stage (up to about 4 mm dm), which has a crescent-shaped whorl profile, to the middle stage with increasing whorl height. At a conch diameter of 4 mm dm, the umbilicus begins to close rapidly.</p><p>The growth trajectories of the sectioned specimens are rather simple in their course. The ww/dm and ww/wh ratios are monophasic with a continuous decrease; for example, the ww/dm ratio decreases from ~1.00 at 1 mm dm to a value of ~0.37 at 56 mm (Fig. 58E–G).</p><p>Remarks</p><p>Nicimitoceras trochiforme has a similar conch like N. heterolobatum, but differs in possessing less widely umbilicate juvenile whorls. The whorl profile of both species also differs; while in N. trochiforme the profile is widest near the umbilicus, in N. heterolobatum it is widest in the midflank area. In addition, the adventive lobe is very asymmetrical in N. trochiforme, but almost V-shaped in N. heterolobatum .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EA5C14CA54852FFDC3FB10FAEA85D7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Korn, Dieter;Weyer, Dieter	Korn, Dieter, Weyer, Dieter (2023): The ammonoids from the Gattendorfia Limestone of Oberrödinghausen (Early Carboniferous; Rhenish Mountains, Germany). European Journal of Taxonomy 882: 1-230, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2023.882.2177, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2023.882.2177
03EA5C14CA69852CFDEBFE67FC9585D4.text	03EA5C14CA69852CFDEBFE67FC9585D4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Nicimitoceras subacre (Vohringer 1960)	<div><p>Nicimitoceras subacre (Vöhringer, 1960)</p><p>Figs 59–60; Tables 55–56</p><p>Imitoceras subacre Vöhringer, 1960: 120, pl. 1 fig. 5, text-fig. 2.</p><p>Imitoceras subacre – Weyer 1977: 169, pl. 2 fig. 5.</p><p>Nicimitoceras subacre – Korn 1993: 585; 1994: 53, text-figs 58c–d, 59c, 60c, 64d.</p><p>non Imitoceras (Imitoceras) subacre – Ruan 1981: 73, pl. 16 figs 13–15, 18–20.</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Species of Nicimitoceras with a conch reaching 70 mm diameter. Conch thinly pachyconic, involute at 5 mm dm (ww/dm ~0.65; uw/dm ~0.10); thickly discoidal, involute at 15 mm dm (ww/dm ~0.55; uw/ dm ~0.00); thinly discoidal, involute at 30 mm dm (ww/dm ~0.40; uw/dm = 0.00). Whorl profile at 30 mm dm weakly compressed (ww/wh ~0.70); coiling rate high (WER ~2.10). Venter broadly rounded in the early stage, narrowly rounded in the preadult and adult stage. Growth lines extremely fine, with convex course. Without constrictions on the shell surface; without internal shell thickenings. Suture line with V-shaped external lobe and twice as deep, symmetrically V-shaped adventive lobe with blunt base.</p><p>Material examined</p><p>Holotype</p><p>GERMANY • Rhenish Mountains, Oberrödinghausen, railway cutting; Hangenberg Limestone, bed 3b/c; Vöhringer Coll.; illustrated by Vöhringer (1960: pl. 1 fig. 5) and Korn (1994: text-fig. 58c); re-illustrated here in Fig. 59B; GPIT-PV-63854.</p><p>Paratypes</p><p>GERMANY • 3 specimens; Rhenish Mountains, Oberrödinghausen, railway cutting; Hangenberg Limestone, bed 3e; Vöhringer Coll.; GPIT-PV-63852, GPIT-PV-63853, GPIT-PV-63855 .</p><p>Additional material</p><p>GERMANY • 2 specimens; Rhenish Mountains, Oberrödinghausen, railway cutting; Hangenberg Limestone, bed 3d1b; Weyer 1993–1994 Coll.; MB.C.31130.1–2 .</p><p>Description</p><p>Holotype GPIT-PV-63854 is a rather well-preserved specimen with almost 33 mm conch diameter, showing both the shell ornament and the suture line (Fig. 59B). The conch has the shape of a thick lens (ww/wh = 0.37); the umbilicus is closed and the coiling rate is high (WER = 2.04). Remains of the shell indicate that its surface is almost smooth; there are no constrictions or internal shell thickenings. Only parts of the suture line can be seen; there is an adventive lobe that is rounded at its base.</p><p>Paratype GPIT-PV-63853 has a corroded body chamber and therefore only very small shell remains are preserved; they show lamellar growth lines in the ventrolateral area. The internal mould does not show constrictions. The suture line has a narrow external lobe with slightly divergent flanks. It is about two thirds the depth of the much wider, blunt and V-shaped adventive lobe (Fig. 60B).</p><p>Paratype GPIT-PV-63852 also has a corroded body chamber and no shell remains are preserved; moreover, the internal mould does not show constrictions. The specimen shows a weak indication of a narrower venter only at its maximum conch diameter of 39 mm.</p><p>Specimen MB.C.31130.1 is an incomplete but otherwise rather well-preserved specimen with nearly 43 mm conch diameter (Fig. 59C). It is slightly stouter than the type material (ww/dm = 0.42; ww/wh = 0.72) but otherwise closely resembling. The specimen shows the transition from the continuously rounded venter to the significantly narrowed venter only on the last volution. The shell of the specimen appears to be smooth.</p><p>The sectioned paratype GPIT-PV-63855 gives insight into the ontogenetic conch development from the earliest juvenile stage up to a conch diameter of 37 mm; however, some parts of the last whorls had to be reconstructed (Fig. 60A). The whorl profile changes continuously during ontogeny. An initial crescent-shaped whorl profile is replaced by a C-shaped (2–4 mm dm) and followed by a horseshoe-shaped (5–8 mm dm) profile; finally, the conch shape is suboxyconic with convex flanks and a subacute venter.</p><p>The ontogenetic trajectories of the conch parameters ww/dm and ww/wh are rather simple and show a continuous decrease of the values during ontogeny (Fig. 60C–D). Between 2 and 4 mm conch diameter, the ww/dm ratio decreases from ~0.90 to ~0.40 and the ww/wh ratio from ~2.20 to ~0.65. In contrast to this, the WER has a similar value of around 1.70 up to about 5 mm conch diameter, followed by an increase to more than 2.00 at 9 mm dm (Fig. 60E). Thereafter it remains rather stable.</p><p>Remarks</p><p>Nicimitoceras subacre is easily distinguished from the other species of the genus Nicimitoceras, but also from the species of the closely related genus Stockumites, by the very broad, blunt adventive lobe. From N. heterolobatum with similar conch morphology, N. subacre is also distinguished by the subinvolute juvenile stage, which is evolute in N. heterolobatum .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EA5C14CA69852CFDEBFE67FC9585D4	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Korn, Dieter;Weyer, Dieter	Korn, Dieter, Weyer, Dieter (2023): The ammonoids from the Gattendorfia Limestone of Oberrödinghausen (Early Carboniferous; Rhenish Mountains, Germany). European Journal of Taxonomy 882: 1-230, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2023.882.2177, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2023.882.2177
03EA5C14CA6A852BFDF4FE66FCC780CD.text	03EA5C14CA6A852BFDF4FE66FCC780CD.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Nicimitoceras acre (Vohringer 1960)	<div><p>Nicimitoceras acre (Vöhringer, 1960)</p><p>Fig. 61; Tables 57–58</p><p>Imitoceras acre Vöhringer, 1960: 121, pl. 1 fig. 6, text-fig. 3.</p><p>Imitoceras acre – Bartzsch &amp; Weyer 1988a: 134, text-fig. 2/1.</p><p>Nicimitoceras acre – Korn 1994: 56, text-figs 58e, 60d. — Sprey 2002, pl. 4 fig. 1.</p><p>? Aganides carinatus – Schmidt 1925: 535, pl. 19 fig. 3.</p><p>non 1981 Imitoceras (Imitoceras) acre – Ruan: 72, pl. 15 figs 3–5.</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Species of Nicimitoceras with a conch reaching 70 mm diameter. Conch thinly discoidal and involute at 30 mm dm (ww/dm ~0.35; uw/dm = 0.00). Whorl profile at 30 mm dm weakly compressed (ww/wh ~0.60); whorl expansion in the adult stage rate very high (WER ~2.30). Venter narrowly rounded in the preadult stage, acute in the adult stage. Growth lines extremely fine, with convex course. Without constrictions on the shell surface; without internal shell thickenings. Suture line with V-shaped external lobe and twice as deep, symmetrically V-shaped adventive lobe with angular base.</p><p>Material examined</p><p>Holotype</p><p>GERMANY • Rhenish Mountains, Oberrödinghausen, railway cutting; Hangenberg Limestone, bed 2; Vöhringer Coll.; illustrated by Vöhringer (1960: pl. 1 fig. 6), Korn (1994: text-fig. 58e) and Sprey (2002: pl. 4 fig. 1); re-illustrated here in Fig. 61A; GPIT-PV-63856.</p><p>Paratypes</p><p>GERMANY • 3 specimens; Rhenish Mountains, Oberrödinghausen, railway cutting; Hangenberg Limestone, bed 3b; Vöhringer Coll.; GPIT-PV-63857–GPIT-PV-63859 .</p><p>Additional material</p><p>GERMANY • 1 specimen; Rhenish Mountains, Oberrödinghausen, railway cutting; Hangenberg Limestone, bed 2; Vöhringer Coll.; MB.C.31131 • 1 specimen; Rhenish Mountains, Oberrödinghausen, railway cutting; Hangenberg Limestone, bed 3a; Korn 1991 Coll.; MB.C.31132 • 1 specimen; Rhenish Mountains, Oberrödinghausen, railway cutting; Hangenberg Limestone, bed 3d1b; Weyer 1993–1994 Coll.; MB.C.31133.</p><p>Description</p><p>Holotype GPIT-PV-63856, 49 mm in diameter (Fig. 61A), is a lenticular conch (ww/dm = 0.29) with a closed umbilicus and a very high coiling rate (WER = 2.31). On the last whorl, the transition from a narrowly rounded venter to an oxyconic venter takes place. Only small portions of the shell are preserved, they show extremely fine growth lines that extend with a low ventrolateral projection across the outer flank. There are neither shell constrictions nor internal shell thickenings. The suture line has a narrowly V-shaped external lobe with somewhat convex flanks. The lobe is little more than half as deep as the adventive lobe, which is V-shaped with convex flanks (Fig. 61C).</p><p>Paratype GPIT-PV-63859 is a medium-sized specimen (30 mm dm) that still shows the non-acute venter of the preadult stage. It is extremely discoidal (ww/dm = 0.35) with the umbilicus completely closed. The venter is narrowly rounded (Fig. 61B). No shell remains are preserved in this specimen.</p><p>Remarks</p><p>Nicimitoceras acre is easily distinguished from the other species of the genus by its oxyconic conch form. Species of the genus Acutimitoceras have a superficially similar conch, but unlike N. acre, they are characterised by an attached keel. The suture lines of Acutimitoceras species have a deep external lobe, in contrast to the short external lobe in Nicimitoceras .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EA5C14CA6A852BFDF4FE66FCC780CD	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Korn, Dieter;Weyer, Dieter	Korn, Dieter, Weyer, Dieter (2023): The ammonoids from the Gattendorfia Limestone of Oberrödinghausen (Early Carboniferous; Rhenish Mountains, Germany). European Journal of Taxonomy 882: 1-230, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2023.882.2177, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2023.882.2177
03EA5C14CA6C8527FE32FE99FC2B8332.text	03EA5C14CA6C8527FE32FE99FC2B8332.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Nicimitoceras heterolobatum (Vohringer 1960)	<div><p>Nicimitoceras heterolobatum (Vöhringer, 1960)</p><p>Figs 62–64; Tables 59–62</p><p>Imitoceras heterolobatum Vöhringer, 1960: 136, pl. 3 fig. 4, text-fig. 15.</p><p>Prionoceras (Imitoceras) heterolobatum – Weyer 1965: pl. 7 fig. 3.</p><p>Nicimitoceras heterolobatum – Korn 1994: 57, text-figs 58b, g, 59d–f, 60e–f.</p><p>Acutimitoceras (Streeliceras) heterolobatum – Becker 1996: 37.</p><p>Diagnosis (widely umbilicate morphotype)</p><p>Species of Nicimitoceras with a conch reaching 70 mm diameter. Conch thinly discoidal, subevolute at 5 mm dm (ww/dm ~0.45; uw/dm ~0.40); thinly discoidal, involute at 15 mm dm (ww/dm ~0.45; uw/ dm ~0.03); thinly discoidal, involute at 30 mm dm (ww/dm ~0.40; uw/dm = 0.02). Whorl profile at 30 mm dm weakly compressed (ww/wh ~0.75); coiling rate moderate (WER ~1.95). Venter broadly rounded in the early stage, narrowly rounded in the preadult and adult stage. Growth lines extremely fine, with convex course. Without constrictions on the shell surface; internal shell thickenings restricted to the venter and outer flanks. Suture line with lanceolate external lobe and twice as deep, symmetrically V-shaped adventive lobe with angular base.</p><p>Diagnosis (narrowly umbilicate morphotype)</p><p>Species of Nicimitoceras with a conch reaching 70 mm diameter. Conch thinly discoidal, subinvolute at 5 mm dm (ww/dm ~0.50; uw/dm ~0.20); thinly discoidal, involute at 15 mm dm (ww/dm ~0.50; uw/dm ~0.00); thinly discoidal, involute at 30 mm dm (ww/dm ~0.40; uw/dm ~0.00). Whorl profile at 30 mm dm weakly compressed (ww/wh ~0.70); coiling rate high (WER ~2.05). Venter broadly rounded in the early stage, narrowly rounded in the preadult and adult stage. Growth lines extremely fine, with convex course. Without constrictions on the shell surface; internal shell thickenings restricted to the venter and outer flanks. Suture line with lanceolate external lobe and twice as deep, symmetrically V-shaped adventive lobe with angular base.</p><p>Material examined</p><p>Holotype</p><p>GERMANY • Rhenish Mountains, Oberrödinghausen, railway cutting; Hangenberg Limestone, bed 3b/c; Vöhringer Coll.; illustrated by Vöhringer (1960: pl. 3 fig. 4) and Korn (1994: text-fig. 58b); re-illustrated here in Fig. 62; GPIT-PV-63893.</p><p>Paratypes</p><p>GERMANY • 2 specimens; Rhenish Mountains, Oberrödinghausen, railway cutting; Hangenberg Limestone, bed 2; Vöhringer Coll.; GPIT-PV-63869, GPIT-PV-63895 • 1 specimen; Rhenish Mountains, Oberrödinghausen, railway cutting; Hangenberg Limestone, bed 3; Vöhringer Coll.; GPIT-PV-63897 • 2 specimens; Rhenish Mountains, Oberrödinghausen, railway cutting; Hangenberg Limestone, bed 3e; Vöhringer Coll.; GPIT-PV-63898, GPIT-PV-63977 .</p><p>Additional material</p><p>GERMANY • 1 specimen; Rhenish Mountains, Oberrödinghausen, railway cutting; Hangenberg Limestone, bed 1; Vöhringer Coll.; MB.C.31134 • 2 specimens; Rhenish Mountains, Oberrödinghausen, railway cutting; Hangenberg Limestone, bed 2; Vöhringer Coll.; MB.C.31135.1–2 • 1 specimen; Rhenish Mountains, Oberrödinghausen, railway cutting; Hangenberg Limestone, bed 3a; Vöhringer Coll.; MB.C.31136 • 1 specimen; Rhenish Mountains, Oberrödinghausen, railway cutting; Hangenberg Limestone, bed 3b; Vöhringer Coll.; MB.C.31137 • 3 specimens; Rhenish Mountains, Oberrödinghausen, railway cutting; Hangenberg Limestone, bed 3c; Vöhringer Coll.; MB.C.31138.1– 3 • 2 specimens; Rhenish Mountains, Oberrödinghausen, railway cutting; Hangenberg Limestone, bed 3d; Vöhringer Coll.; MB.C.31139.1–2 • 2 specimens; Rhenish Mountains, Oberrödinghausen, railway cutting; Hangenberg Limestone, loose material; Vöhringer Coll.; MB.C.31140.1–2 • 2 specimens; Rhenish Mountains, Oberrödinghausen, railway cutting; Hangenberg Limestone, bed 3a; Weyer 1993–1994 Coll.; MB.C.31141.1–2 • 1 specimen; Rhenish Mountains, Oberrödinghausen, railway cutting; Hangenberg Limestone, bed 3b; Weyer 1993–1994 Coll.; MB.C.31142 • 1 specimen; Rhenish Mountains, Oberrödinghausen, railway cutting; Hangenberg Limestone, bed 3d2; Weyer 1993–1994 Coll.; MB.C.31143 • 1 specimen; Rhenish Mountains, Oese, old quarry; Hangenberg Limestone, bed 32; Weyer &amp; Korn 2000 Coll.; MB.C.5257.</p><p>Description</p><p>Holotype GPIT-PV-63893 is a complete conch with a diameter of 42 mm; it is fully septate and partly covered with shell material (Fig. 62). It has the shape of a thick lentil (ww/dm = 0.38), a completely closed umbilicus and a moderately high aperture (WER = 1.98). The shape of the whorl profile shows that this is widest in the inner flank area, from where the flanks weakly converge towards the umbilicus and more strongly converge toward the narrowly rounded venter. The shell is almost smooth and there are no constrictions on shell and internal mould.</p><p>The suture line of the holotype has a very small external lobe with parallel flanks and a rounded base. On the flank follow a small inverted U-shaped ventrolateral saddle, 1.5 times as wide as the external lobe and the adventive lobe. This is the dominant element of the suture line; it is twice as deep and wide as the external lobe. It is almost symmetric and V-shaped with weakly curved flanks (Fig. 63F).</p><p>The material can be separated into two groups with respect to the umbilical width of the inner whorls. In the first group, the uw/dm ratio exceeds a value of 0.50 at 2 mm conch diameter and at 5 mm diameter, the uw/dm ratio is still about 0.40 (Fig. 63G–I). In the second group, the uw/dm ratio reaches 0.45 at 2 mm diameter, but already at 5 mm diameter it amounts only 0.20 caused by stronger overlap upon the preceding whorls (Fig. 64J–L).</p><p>Vöhringer already produced four cross sections, of which he used only one for his publication(Vöhringer 1960: text-fig. 15a). This belongs to the morphogroup with widely umbilicate juvenile whorls. These sectioned specimens are MB.C.31135.1 (9 mm dm; Fig. 63D), GPIT-PV-63977 (14 mm dm; Fig. 63B) MB.C.31139.1 (18 mm dm; Fig. 63C) and GPIT-PV-63897 (36 mm dm, but only up to 18 mm dm sufficiently preserved; Fig. 63A). Specimen GPIT-PV-63977 shows the very short interval of evolute inner whorls, which reach at a conch diameter of about 2 mm a uw/dm ratio of 0.50 for only two volutions, followed by a rapid decrease of the uw/dm ratio to only 0.03 at 14 mm dm.</p><p>The ontogenetic trajectories can be described using the four sectioned specimens. The ww/dm ratio has a weakly triphasic ontogeny, in which the second phase is characterised by a stagnant ww/dm ratio of 0.45–0.50 between 3 and 20 mm conch diameter. The coiling rate shows, after an early juvenile decrease to WER = 1.60 at 2 mm conch diameter, a continuous increase to 2.10 at 20 mm diameter. It remains with minor changes, up to 42 mm diameter, at this level (Fig. 63G–I).</p><p>The second morphogroup is represented by eight cross sections (Fig. 64A–H), most of which were already produced by Vöhringer. They show that the variation is rather small in the ww/dm, uw/dm and ww/wh ratios, while the coiling rate is rather variable. The specimens have the highest uw/dm ratio at 2 mm conch diameter and thereafter, the umbilicus is almost completely closed until a conch diameter of 10 mm.</p><p>Remarks</p><p>Nicimitoceras heterolobatum does not seem to be a rare species in the section of Oberrödinghausen, but most of the specimens are rather small (less than 20 mm conch diameter). These smaller specimens, of which numerous cross sections have been made, can be classified into two morphogroups based on the width of the umbilicus. The problem with this subdivision is that the holotype cannot be assigned because the geometry of the inner whorls is not known. This problem must remain unsolved at present. The close morphological agreement of the rather large sectioned specimen GPIT-PV-63897 with the holotype suggests that the holotype belongs to the morphogroup with very evolute inner whorls.</p><p>There are several species of Nicimitoceras with similar preadult adult morphology but with different ontogenetic trajectories in the Hangenberg Limestone. One of them is N. trochiforme, which possesses a much shorter widely umbilical early juvenile stage than N. heterolobatum, of which specimens of both morphogroups have a longer widely umbilicate juvenile stage.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EA5C14CA6C8527FE32FE99FC2B8332	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Korn, Dieter;Weyer, Dieter	Korn, Dieter, Weyer, Dieter (2023): The ammonoids from the Gattendorfia Limestone of Oberrödinghausen (Early Carboniferous; Rhenish Mountains, Germany). European Journal of Taxonomy 882: 1-230, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2023.882.2177, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2023.882.2177
03EA5C14CA638524FDDAFE99FD0C85B4.text	03EA5C14CA638524FDDAFE99FD0C85B4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Imitoceratinae Ruzhencev 1950	<div><p>Subfamily Imitoceratinae Ruzhencev, 1950</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Subfamily of the family Prionoceratidae with the sutural formula E A L U I; external lobe pouched, usually asymmetric adventive lobe V-shaped, pointed. Conch in the juvenile stage subinvolute; adult stage involute. Coiling rate rarely low, usually high to very high (WER = 2.00–2.50). Shell ornament with fine to very coarse growth lines, without ribs.</p><p>Subfamily composition</p><p>The subfamily comprises three genera: Imitoceras Schindewolf, 1923 (17 or 18 species); Irinoceras Ruzhencev, 1947 (11 species); Triimitoceras Korn, Bockwinkel, Ebbighausen &amp; Klug, 2003 (3 species).</p><p>Remarks</p><p>The subfamily Imitoceratinae was not excluded as valid in the revision of the Treatise by Kullmann (2009), but was included in the synonymy of the Prionoceratinae instead. Following this view would mean that the Prionoceratinae are most probably a polyphyletic taxon with quite heterogeneous content.</p><p>Morphology</p><p>Two of the three genera of the Imitoceratinae, namely Imitoceras and Irinoceras, show a similar morphology with thickly discoidal, fully involute conch with a high coiling rate. This morphology did not change throughout evolutionary history; the clade can be considered morphologically very conservative. Only the third genus Triimitoceras, which appears briefly in the late Tournaisian, deviates from this (Korn et al. 2003a, 2010a). It is characterised by small conchs with a low coiling rate, but shows the suture line of Imitoceras . They are probably dwarf forms that may represent a progenetic side branch.</p><p>Ontogeny</p><p>The ontogeny is best known from specimens of the genus Imitoceras from localities in Morocco and Algeria (Bockwinkel &amp; Ebbighausen 2006; Korn et al. 2010a). It differs only slightly from discoidal species of Stockumites and Nicimitoceras . General ontogenetic trends are the closure of the umbilicus already in the juvenile stage, the continuously more slender conch and the increase in the coiling rate.</p><p>Phylogeny</p><p>Bockwinkel &amp; Ebbighausen (2006) illustrated the transition between Nicimitoceras and Imitoceras using co-occurring species from the Anti-Atlas of Morocco. Their newly established species I. oxydentale already shows all the typical characteristics of Imitoceras (short, pouched external lobe, strongly convergent flanks), but at the same time a conch ontogeny that corresponds to that of Nicimitoceras (e.g., N. heterolobatum). The derivation of Imitoceras from Nicimitoceras can therefore be considered very likely.</p><p>Stratigraphic occurrence</p><p>The oldest representatives of the subfamily Imitoceratinae are known to occur in the younger part of the early Tournaisian. During the middle and late Tournaisian, it is still present in many ammonoid assemblages, but the subfamily is quite irregularly distributed in Viséan and Serpukhovian strata. Irinoceras is a rather important component of the ammonoid assemblages of the late Viséan and Serpukhovian in the South Urals (Ruzhencev &amp; Bogoslovskaya 1971).</p><p>Geographic occurrence</p><p>The subfamily is widely distributed and mainly known from Ireland (de Koninck 1882), Central Europe (de Koninck 1844; Holzapfel 1889; Nicolaus 1963; Korn 2006), the Cantabrian Mountains (Kullmann 1963), Serbia (Stevanović &amp; Kullmann 1962; Korn &amp; Sudar 2016), North Africa (Korn et al. 2003a, 2010a, 2010b; Bockwinkel &amp; Ebbighausen 2006), the South Urals (Ruzhencev 1947; Ruzhencev &amp; Bogoslovskaya 1971), Tajikistan (Nikolaeva 1994, 1995), Xinjiang (Wang 1983), Tibet (Liang 1976), Eastern Australia (Campbell &amp; Engel 1963; Campbell et al. 1983), British Columbia (Work et al. 2000) and the American Midcontinent (Hall 1860; Miller &amp; Gurley 1896; Smith 1903; Miller &amp; Collinson 1951; Miller &amp; Garner 1955; Gordon 1965)</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EA5C14CA638524FDDAFE99FD0C85B4	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Korn, Dieter;Weyer, Dieter	Korn, Dieter, Weyer, Dieter (2023): The ammonoids from the Gattendorfia Limestone of Oberrödinghausen (Early Carboniferous; Rhenish Mountains, Germany). European Journal of Taxonomy 882: 1-230, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2023.882.2177, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2023.882.2177
03EA5C14CA628524FDF0FD91FD818384.text	03EA5C14CA628524FDF0FD91FD818384.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Imitoceras Schindewolf 1923	<div><p>Genus Imitoceras Schindewolf, 1923</p><p>Type species</p><p>Ammonites rotatorius de Koninck, 1844: 565; original designation.</p><p>Genus diagnosis</p><p>Genus of the Imitoceratinae with large discoidal conch, reaching a diameter of 150 mm. Conch subinvolute or subevolute in early juveniles; umbilicus closes completely early in ontogeny. Coiling rate moderate to high (WER = 1.70–2.20). Suture line with slightly pouched, often very narrow external lobe; ventrolateral saddle strongly asymmetric and ventrally inclined; adventive lobe usually asymmetric and V-shaped with convex ventral flank and concave dorsal flank; adventive lobe much deeper than the external lobe (after Korn et al. 2010b, modified).</p><p>Genus composition</p><p>Central Europe (de Koninck 1844; Schindewolf 1926a): Ammonites rotatorius de Koninck, 1844;? Imitoceras Wurmi Schindewolf, 1926 .</p><p>North Africa (Bockwinkel &amp; Ebbighausen 2006; Korn et al. 2010a, 2010b): Imitoceras oxydentale Bockwinkel &amp; Ebbighausen, 2006; Imitoceras altilobatum Korn, Ebbighausen &amp; Bockwinkel, 2010; Imitoceras dimidium Korn, Bockwinkel &amp; Ebbighausen, 2010; Imitoceras strictum Korn, Bockwinkel &amp; Ebbighausen, 2010 .</p><p>Tibet (Liang 1976): Imitoceras orientale Liang, 1976; Imitoceras xizangense Liang, 1976 .</p><p>British Columbia (Work et al. 2000): Imitoceras tardum Work &amp; Nassichuk in Work, Nassichuk &amp; Richards, 2000.</p><p>American Midcontinent (Hall 1860; Winchell 1862; Miller 1891; Miller &amp; Gurley 1896; Smith 1903; Miller &amp; Collinson 1951; Gordon 1965): Goniatites Ixion Hall, 1860; Goniatites propinquus Winchell, 1862; Goniatites indianensis Miller, 1891; Goniatites Jessiae Miller &amp; Gurley, 1896; Aganides discoidalis Smith, 1903; Imitoceras abundans Miller &amp; Collinson, 1951; Imitoceras brevilobatum Miller &amp; Collinson, 1951; Imitoceras lentiforme Miller &amp; Collinson, 1951; Imitoceras sinuatum Gordon, 1965 .</p><p>Remarks</p><p>Many of the species of Imitoceras require revision; it is not clear if all the species listed above really belong to the genus. Imitoceras possesses a set of sutural characters that clearly separates it from other genera, (1) the slightly pouched external lobe, (2) the strongly asymmetric, ventrally inclined ventrolateral saddle and (3) the asymmetric adventive lobe. Irinoceras has a much stronger pouched external lobe, and the possibly ancestral genus Nicimitoceras has a lanceolate external lobe. Triimitoceras has a rather symmetric adventive lobe and is also distinguished from Imitoceras by its conch ontogeny with a low coiling rate (Korn et al. 2010b).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EA5C14CA628524FDF0FD91FD818384	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Korn, Dieter;Weyer, Dieter	Korn, Dieter, Weyer, Dieter (2023): The ammonoids from the Gattendorfia Limestone of Oberrödinghausen (Early Carboniferous; Rhenish Mountains, Germany). European Journal of Taxonomy 882: 1-230, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2023.882.2177, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2023.882.2177
03EA5C14CA658522FDB7FE98FC1B810A.text	03EA5C14CA658522FDB7FE98FC1B810A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Imitoceras initium Korn & Weyer 2023	<div><p>Imitoceras initium sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: F4100C55-64E5-48AF-8EDC-87CDA35580F1</p><p>Fig. 65; Table 63</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Species of Imitoceras with a conch reaching 60 mm diameter. Conch at 50 mm dm discoidal, involute (ww/dm ~0.45; uw/dm ~0.05); whorl profile at 30 mm dm weakly compressed (ww/wh ~0.75); coiling rate very high (WER ~2.30). Venter rounded, umbilical margin rounded, flanks strongly convergent. Growth lines very fine, narrow-standing, with slightly biconvex course. Weak constrictions on the shell surface of the inner flank. Suture line with a weakly pouched external lobe and a V-shaped adventive lobe.</p><p>Etymology</p><p>After Latin ‘ initium ’ = ‘the beginning’; because of the position of the species at the base of a long-ranging evolutionary lineage.</p><p>Material examined</p><p>Holotype</p><p>GERMANY • Rhenish Mountains, Oberrödinghausen, west of railway cutting; Hangenberg Limestone, loose material; Korn 1977 Coll.; illustrated in Fig. 65; MB.C.31144.</p><p>Description</p><p>Holotype MB.C.31144 is well preserved and has a conch diameter of 52 mm (Fig. 65A). It is thinly discoid with a slightly opened umbilicus (ww/dm = 0.43; uw/dm = 0.05) and has a compressed whorl profile that is widest at the rounded umbilical margin; it has fairly strongly converging flanks and a rounded venter. The coiling rate is very high (WER = 2.30). The shell bears barely visible, extremely faint growth lines with a biconvex course and also a shell constriction limited to the inner flank. The suture line has a weakly pouched external lobe that is about two-thirds the depth of the nearly symmetric V-shaped adventive lobe (Fig. 65B).</p><p>Remarks</p><p>The occurrence of the genus Imitoceras in the Gattendorfia Limestone near Oberrödinghausen was previously unknown, but is actually not a great surprise. Representatives of Imitoceras have already been found together with early Tournaisian ammonoids in Guizhou (Sun &amp; Shen 1965; Ruan 1981), originally described as “ Imitoceras planolobatum ” and “ Imitoceras (Imitoceras) crassum ”, and the Anti-Atlas (Bockwinkel &amp; Ebbighausen 2006).</p><p>The only specimen available is unique in the ammonoid assemblage from Oberrödinghausen because of its high coiling rate of 2.30. Such a value is rarely reached by other members of the prionoceratid ammonoids. In the subfamily Acutimitoceratinae, the whorl expansion rate is normally between 1.70 and 1.90 in Stockumites and between 1.90 and 2.05 in Nicimitoceras .</p><p>Of these genera, only Nicimitoceras has a short external lobe like in Imitoceras initium sp. nov. However, I. initium is stouter than the size-equivalent holotypes of other Nicimitoceras species from Oberrödinghausen: its ww/dm ratio is 0.43 at 52 mm dm in I. initium, while the value in N. heterolobatum, for example, is 0.36 at 54 mm dm. In addition, the whorl profile shows rapidly converging flanks in I. initium, which tend to be subparallel in species of Nicimitoceras .</p><p>A superficially similar species to Imitoceras initium sp. nov. is Acutimitoceras procedens from the Stockum limestone equivalent of the Müssenberg (Korn 1981). This also shows a high coiling rate, rapidly convergent flanks, and a shell ornament with weak growth lines and constrictions. The holotype of this species is much stouter (ww/dm = 0.54 at 33 mm dm) than holotype MB.C.31144 of A. initium (ww/dm = 0.43 at 52 mm dm). This difference cannot be explained by the advanced ontogenetic evolution towards a more slender conch in specimen MB.C.31144, as this has half a whorl in front of the largest diameter, a ww/dm ratio of only 0.47 at 36 mm conch diameter.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EA5C14CA658522FDB7FE98FC1B810A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Korn, Dieter;Weyer, Dieter	Korn, Dieter, Weyer, Dieter (2023): The ammonoids from the Gattendorfia Limestone of Oberrödinghausen (Early Carboniferous; Rhenish Mountains, Germany). European Journal of Taxonomy 882: 1-230, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2023.882.2177, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2023.882.2177
03EA5C14CA648521FE12FA1EFE1887CB.text	03EA5C14CA648521FE12FA1EFE1887CB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Voehringeritinae Bartzsch & Weyer 1988	<div><p>Subfamily Voehringeritinae Bartzsch &amp; Weyer, 1988</p><p>[nom. transl. Korn (1994: 63), pro Voehringeritini Bartzsch &amp; Weyer, 1988]</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Subfamily of the family Prionoceratinae with subevolute to evolute inner whorls, adult stage involute, thinly discoidal with acute venter. Suture line with divided external lobe; sutural formula (E 1 E m E 1) A L U I.</p><p>Subfamily composition</p><p>Voehringerites Manger, 1971 (1 species).</p><p>Remarks</p><p>Morphology, ontogeny</p><p>The morphology and ontogeny of the conch geometry is very similar to that of the genus Acutimitoceras; the conch is oxyconic and the juvenile whorls have a fairly wide umbilicus. The most important distinguishing character is the divided external lobe.</p><p>Phylogeny</p><p>According to current knowledge, the subfamily, represented by only one species, is to be regarded as a direct descendant of the genus Acutimitoceras . The external lobe, which was already slightly widened in A. ucatum sp. nov., was divided in Voehringerites . In this regard, Voehringerites follows an evolutionary pathway that has occurred independently several times in the evolution of Palaeozoic ammonoids. Similar scenarios involving a division of the external lobe in oxyconic conchs have also been described in the early Devonian family Auguritidae (Chlupáč &amp; Turek 1983) and the middle Devonian family Pinacitidae (Klug &amp; Korn 2002) .</p><p>It is noteworthy that only a little later than in Voehringerites, in the area of the boundary between the early and the middle Tournaisian, another independent line of development of acute ammonoids led to a division of the external lobe. This is the subfamily Karagandoceratinae Ruzhencev, 1960, in which, in contrast to the Voehringeritinae, the external lobe is much smaller than the adventive lobe (Librovitch 1940). Bartzsch &amp; Weyer (1988a) therefore postulated the origin of the Karagandoceratinae in Nicimitoceras acre .</p><p>Stratigraphic and geographic occurrence</p><p>The subfamily is so far only known from the basal Gattendorfia Limestone (earliest Tournaisian) of the Rhenish Mountains.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EA5C14CA648521FE12FA1EFE1887CB	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Korn, Dieter;Weyer, Dieter	Korn, Dieter, Weyer, Dieter (2023): The ammonoids from the Gattendorfia Limestone of Oberrödinghausen (Early Carboniferous; Rhenish Mountains, Germany). European Journal of Taxonomy 882: 1-230, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2023.882.2177, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2023.882.2177
03EA5C14CA678521FD8DFC5EFC888256.text	03EA5C14CA678521FD8DFC5EFC888256.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Voehringerites Manger 1971	<div><p>Genus Voehringerites Manger, 1971</p><p>Type species</p><p>Karagandoceras peracutum Vöhringer, 1960: 166; original designation.</p><p>Genus diagnosis</p><p>Genus of the subfamily Voehringeritinae with discoidal conch and high coiling rate (WER ~2.15); inner whorls evolute. Ornament with nearly straight growth lines.</p><p>Genus composition</p><p>Only the type species.</p><p>Remarks</p><p>Voehringerites is the oldest Carboniferous genus with a subdivided external lobe; it is easily distinguished from the other genera of the early Tournaisian in the Rhenish Mountains by this character. In the absence of the suture line, it could be confused with Acutimitoceras ucatum sp. nov., but this species has very coarse growth lines and an acute but less sharp venter.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EA5C14CA678521FD8DFC5EFC888256	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Korn, Dieter;Weyer, Dieter	Korn, Dieter, Weyer, Dieter (2023): The ammonoids from the Gattendorfia Limestone of Oberrödinghausen (Early Carboniferous; Rhenish Mountains, Germany). European Journal of Taxonomy 882: 1-230, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2023.882.2177, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2023.882.2177
03EA5C14CA67853FFDDBF9E9FD4C8758.text	03EA5C14CA67853FFDDBF9E9FD4C8758.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Voehringerites peracutus (Vohringer 1960)	<div><p>Voehringerites peracutus (Vöhringer, 1960)</p><p>Figs 66–67; Tables 64–65</p><p>Karagandoceras peracutum Vöhringer, 1960: 166, pl. 1 fig. 3, text-fig. 43.</p><p>Voehringerites peracutum – Manger 1971: 36, pl. 12 figs 4, 7, text-figs 3a, 4.</p><p>Voehringerites peracutus – Weyer 1972: 345. — Bartzsch &amp; Weyer 1988a: 138. — Korn 1994: 65, text-figs 31f–g, 63a, 71b. — Korn &amp; Weyer 2003: 99, text-figs 14k, 15. — Sprey 2002: 53, text-fig. 18b. — Becker &amp; Weyer 2004: 20, text-figs 4f, 10–13.</p><p>non Voehringerites peracutus – Korn 1981: 524, text-fig. 5.</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Species of Voehringerites with a conch reaching 60 mm diameter. Conch thickly discoidal, subinvolute at 5 mm dm (ww/dm ~0.55; uw/dm ~0.20); extremely discoidal, involute at 15 mm dm (ww/dm ~0.32; uw/dm ~0.05); extremely discoidal, involute at 25 mm dm (ww/dm ~0.28; uw/dm = 0.00). Whorl profile at 30 mm dm strongly compressed (ww/wh ~0.45); coiling rate high (WER ~2.15). Venter broadly rounded in the early stage, galeate in the subadult stage and sharply acute in the adult stage. Growth lines fine with weakly biconvex course. Without constrictions on the shell surface; without internal shell thickenings.</p><p>Material examined</p><p>Holotype</p><p>GERMANY • Rhenish Mountains, Oberrödinghausen, railway cutting; Hangenberg Limestone, bed 5; Vöhringer Coll.; illustrated by Vöhringer (1960: text-fig. 43), Manger (1971: text-fig. 4) and Korn (1994: text-fig. 31f); re-illustrated here in Fig. 66A; GPIT-PV-63958.</p><p>Paratype</p><p>GERMANY • Rhenish Mountains, Oberrödinghausen, railway cutting; Hangenberg Limestone, bed 5; Vöhringer Coll.; GPIT-PV-63966 .</p><p>Additional material</p><p>GERMANY • 14 specimens; Rhenish Mountains, Oberrödinghausen, railway cutting; Hangenberg Limestone, bed 5a2; Weyer 1993–1994 Coll.; MB.C.3723.1, MB.C.3723.2, MB.C.3724.3-14 • 3 specimens; Rhenish Mountains, Oberrödinghausen, railway cutting; Hangenberg Limestone, bed 5b; Weyer 1993–1994 Coll.; MB.C.3724.1, MB.C.3724.2, MB.C.31145 • 3 specimens; Rhenish Mountains, Oberrödinghausen, railway cutting; Hangenberg Limestone, bed 5c; Weyer 1993–1994Coll.; MB.C.3725, MB.C.31146.1–2 • 1 specimen; Rhenish Mountains, Hasselbachtal; Hangenberg Limestone, bed 72; Weyer 1993–1994 Coll.; MB.C.5245.1.</p><p>Description</p><p>Both the holotype GPIT-PV-63958 (Fig. 66A) and the paratype GPIT-PV-63966 (Fig. 66B) are fragments that reveal little more than that they belong to an extremely discoidal, sharply keeled ammonoid. In the paratype, the shell ornament is better preserved and shows slightly sigmoidal growth lines, which are reinforced like ribs on the keel of the conch.</p><p>The cross section of the holotype is well-preserved and allows the study of whorls from the initial stage to a conch diameter of 19.5 mm (Fig. 67A). Up to a diameter of 3 mm, the whorl profile is kidney-shaped; thereafter the formation of a ventral keel begins and already at 4.8 mm dm the venter is galeate. At about this diameter, the umbilicus begins to close. On the last half whorl, the galeate shape of the venter is abandoned and transformed into a simple, sharply keeled shape.</p><p>The small specimen MB.C.3723.1 already has a galeate venter with a clearly attached keel at 6.4 mm conch diameter (Fig. 66C). The shell shows rather coarse growth lines with a concave course across the flank.</p><p>Remarks</p><p>Voehringerites peracutus differs from all other species from the Gattendorfia Limestone of Oberrödinghausen by the divided external lobe. Similar in the conch shape is Acutimitoceras ucatum sp. nov., especially in the juvenile stage, but this species does not have the distinct keel. A distinct keel is present in A. acutum and A. paracutum sp. nov., but these two species show biconvex growth lines, whereas these are almost straight in V. peracutus .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EA5C14CA67853FFDDBF9E9FD4C8758	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Korn, Dieter;Weyer, Dieter	Korn, Dieter, Weyer, Dieter (2023): The ammonoids from the Gattendorfia Limestone of Oberrödinghausen (Early Carboniferous; Rhenish Mountains, Germany). European Journal of Taxonomy 882: 1-230, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2023.882.2177, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2023.882.2177
03EA5C14CA78853DFE38FBA2FDED852A.text	03EA5C14CA78853DFE38FBA2FDED852A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Gattendorfiidae Bartzsch & Weyer 1987	<div><p>Family Gattendorfiidae Bartzsch &amp; Weyer, 1987</p><p>[nom. transl. Korn (1994: 69), ex Gattendorfiinae Bartzsch &amp; Weyer, 1987]</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Family of the superfamily Prionoceratoidea with the sutural formula E A L U I; external lobe lanceolate or slightly pouched; adventive lobe deep, V-shaped or lanceolate and pointed; the lateral lobe has a position on the umbilical wall. Conch in the juvenile stage subevolute or evolute; adult stage involute to evolute, but usually subinvolute. Shell ornament with fine to coarse growth lines, often with rursiradiate direction. Ribs occur in several independent lineages in varying morphology.</p><p>Included subfamilies</p><p>Gattendorfiinae Bartzsch &amp; Weyer, 1987; Pseudarietitinae Bartzsch &amp; Weyer, 1987 .</p><p>Remarks</p><p>In the Treatise revision, Kullmann (2009) expressed a view of the family Gattendorfiidae that is clearly different from previously published concepts (Bartzsch &amp; Weyer 1987, 1988a; Korn 1994; Korn &amp; Klug 2002). His scheme differs, on the one hand, in that the gattendorfiid and pseudarietitid clades are not considered as sister groups and, on the other hand, in that genera such as Acutimitoceras and Stockumites are also placed in the family Gattendorfiidae . The subfamily Acutimitoceratinae is treated there as a junior synonym of the family Gattendorfiidae .</p><p>The definition of the family Gattendorfiidae as done by Kullmann (2009) contains some problems. It states that the family is characterised by a “shell surface with rursiradiate growth lines or ribbing”; however, this only applies to some representatives ( Gattendorfia, Zadelsdorfia, Weyerella, Gattenpleura). This does not apply to those genera that we place in the subfamily Acutimitoceratinae . The biggest problem with this scheme, however, is that it cuts the evolutionary line from Stockumites to Nicimitoceras to Imitoceras and, by placing the latter genus in the family Prionoceratidae, would make the family Gattendorfiidae a polyphyletic unit.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EA5C14CA78853DFE38FBA2FDED852A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Korn, Dieter;Weyer, Dieter	Korn, Dieter, Weyer, Dieter (2023): The ammonoids from the Gattendorfia Limestone of Oberrödinghausen (Early Carboniferous; Rhenish Mountains, Germany). European Journal of Taxonomy 882: 1-230, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2023.882.2177, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2023.882.2177
03EA5C14CA7B853CFE2CFEE0FED982C6.text	03EA5C14CA7B853CFE2CFEE0FED982C6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Gattendorfiinae Bartzsch & Weyer 1987	<div><p>Subfamily Gattendorfiinae Bartzsch &amp; Weyer, 1987</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Subfamily of the family Gattendorfiidae with subevolute to evolute inner whorls, adult stage subinvolute to evolute. Ornament usually with coarse rursiradiate growth lines; in some species with radial folds but usually without sharp ribs.</p><p>Subfamily composition</p><p>In total, about 75 species of the Gattendorfiinae have been described so far. They belong to the genera: Gattendorfia Schindewolf, 1920 (10 species); Kazakhstania Librovitch, 1940 (9 species); Zadelsdorfia Weyer, 1972 (32 species); Gattenpleura Weyer, 1976 (3 species); Hasselbachia Korn &amp; Weyer, 2003 (4 species) and Weyerella Bockwinkel &amp; Ebbighausen, 2006 (17 species).</p><p>Remarks</p><p>Morphology The morphology within the subfamily Gattendorfiinae is very diverse and it is hardly possible to find a common character for all species. Such a character could possibly be the rursiradiate course of the growth lines.</p><p>All species of the subfamily share the character of widely umbilicate juvenile whorls; however, the umbilicus is almost never completely closed during ontogeny. Therefore, the morphology of the adult stage is highly variable and can range from serpenticonic ( Kazakhstania and some species of Gattendorfia) to moderately umbilicate and molariform ( Weyerella) to goniatitoid with a narrow umbilicus ( Zadelsdorfia). Almost all species of the Gattendorfiinae have a low coiling rate (WER usually between 1.50 and 1.75 and only rarely higher).</p><p>The ornament often consists of rather coarse, mostly rursiradiate growth lines on the flank, which form a wide ventral sinus of varying depth. Spiral lines are rare ( Weyerella reticulum) and ribs appear in Gattenpleura and some species of Gattendorfia . Species of the genera Gattendorfia and Kazakhstania often have shell constrictions; in Hasselbachia they are limited to the flanks as short notches.</p><p>Ontogeny</p><p>In the subfamily Gattendorfiinae, the complexity of ontogeny depends on the adult conch shape. While species with an almost serpenticonic adult stage show very simple ontogenetic trajectories, species with a goniatitoid adult stage ( Gattendorfia, Zadelsdorfia, Gattenpleura, Hasselbachia) usually have very complex ontogenetic trajectories. This was demonstrated using the example of Zadelsdorfia crassa by Korn &amp; Vöhringer (2004); in this species the trajectory of the ww/dm ratio is conspicuously triphasic. There is also a very marked change in whorl profiles during ontogeny; in Z. crassa, kidney-shaped, trapezoidal, circular, and horseshoe-shaped whorl profiles occur in succession.</p><p>Phylogeny</p><p>The origin of the subfamily Gattendorfiinae (and the entire family Gattendorfiidae) has not yet been satisfactorily clarified. This is at least partly owing to the fact that in the lowest part of the Gattendorfia Limestone several species of Gattendorfia ( G. subinvoluta, G. rhenana sp. nov., G. immodica sp. nov.) and Gattenpleura ( G. pfeifferi) with quite complex morphology appear almost simultaneously. Two hypotheses may be discussed here:</p><p>(1) An origin from the subfamily Prionoceratinae: Vöhringer (1960: 179) thought that it is possible that Gattendorfia could have originated from Mimimitoceras varicosum via Kornia sphaeroidalis . This assumption is mainly based on the interpretation that the presence of shell constrictions is an important character. This hypothesis could be strengthened by another argument not mentioned by Vöhringer – the low coiling rate in the gattendorfiids. This hypothesis states that the main morphological novelty in the Gattendorfiinae is the widely umbilicate juvenile whorl.</p><p>(2) An origin from the subfamily Acutimitoceratinae: this hypothesis was suggested by Korn (1986); the concept was taken over by Kullmann (2009) in the subdivision of the Prionoceratoidea . The hypothesis is based on the assumption that the evolute juvenile whorls are an important character and were passed from Stockumites to Gattendorfia . This hypothesis could be supported by the fact that several species of Gattendorfia have rounded trapezoidal whorl profiles in the juvenile whorls, similar to, for example, the stratigraphically early species Stockumites hilarum .</p><p>The intra-subfamily phylogenetic relationships also do not appear clear. The common character of the rursiradiate growth lines in almost all representatives of the Gattendorfiinae can be taken as evidence that it is at least a monophyletic unit. There may be several evolutionary lineages, (1) Gattendorfia – Zadelsdorfia, (2) Gattendorfia – Kazakhstania, (3) Gattenpleura – Weyerella and (4) Gattenpleura – Hasselbachia . This includes the hypothesis that Weyerella with the genuinely simple conch morphology and faint ornament is not the ancestor of the obviously much more complex Gattenpleura, but on the contrary is the descendent of Gattenpleura and characterised by simplification of conch and ornament. The origin of Gattenpleura remains unclear.</p><p>Stratigraphic occurrence</p><p>Species of the subfamily Gattendorfiinae are known from strata of the early and middle Tournaisian. Gattendorfia, Gattenpleura and Hasselbachia are obviously restricted to the early Tournaisian, while Zadelsdorfia, Weyerella and Kazakhstania also extend from the early Tournaisian into the middle Tournaisian.</p><p>Geographic occurrence</p><p>Species of the Gattendorfiinae are nearly worldwide distributed and were described from the Rhenish Mountains (Schmidt 1924, 1925; Vöhringer 1960; Korn 1994, 2006; Becker 1997; Korn &amp; Weyer 2003; Korn &amp; Vöhringer 2004; Becker et al. 2021), Thuringian Mountains (Schindewolf 1924, 1926a, 1952; Pfeiffer 1954; Weyer 1976, 1977; Bartzsch &amp; Weyer 1982, 1986, 1987, 1988a, 1988b, 1996), Upper Franconia (Münster 1839; Schindewolf 1923), Silesia (Weyer 1965; Dzik 1997), the Carnic Alps (Korn 1992b; Schönlaub et al. 1992), the Montagne Noire (Korn &amp; Feist 2007). They are also known from Anti-Atlas (Korn et al. 2002; Bockwinkel &amp; Ebbighausen 2006; Ebbighausen &amp; Bockwinkel 2007), western Algeria (Conrad 1984; Ebbighausen et al. 2004), the South Urals (Popov 1975; Popov &amp; Kusina 1997), Karaganda (Librovitch 1940) and Mongolia (Kusina &amp; Lazarev 1994). In China they were described from Xinjiang (Sheng 1984; Ruan 1995), Tibet (Liang 1976) as well as Guizhou (Ruan 1981) and in the United States from Montana (Gordon 1986), New Mexico (Gordon 1986), Iowa (Furnish &amp; Manger 1973), Indiana (Smith 1903; Gutschick &amp; Treckman 1957), Kentucky (Work &amp; Mason 2005, 2009), Michigan (Miller &amp; Garner 1955), Missouri (Miller &amp; Collinson 1951) and Ohio (Smith 1903; Manger 1971).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EA5C14CA7B853CFE2CFEE0FED982C6	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Korn, Dieter;Weyer, Dieter	Korn, Dieter, Weyer, Dieter (2023): The ammonoids from the Gattendorfia Limestone of Oberrödinghausen (Early Carboniferous; Rhenish Mountains, Germany). European Journal of Taxonomy 882: 1-230, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2023.882.2177, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2023.882.2177
03EA5C14CA7A853BFDFFF940FD5B8385.text	03EA5C14CA7A853BFDFFF940FD5B8385.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Gattendorfia Schindewolf 1920	<div><p>Genus Gattendorfia Schindewolf, 1920</p><p>Type species</p><p>Goniatites subinvolutus Münster, 1839: 23; original designation.</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Genus of the Gattendorfiinae with a discoidal to pachyconic conch with low to moderately high coiling rate (WER = 1.50–1.90); inner whorls subevolute to evolute, adult stage subevolute to evolute. Ornament with convex or slightly biconvex, rursiradiate growth lines, shell with or without constrictions. Suture line with deep, lanceolate external lobe; adventive lobe usually symmetric.</p><p>Genus composition</p><p>Central Europe (Münster 1839; Schindewolf 1924, 1952; Vöhringer 1960): Goniatites subinvolutus Münster, 1839; Gattendorfia ventroplana Schindewolf, 1924 [synonym of Gattendorfia subinvoluta]; Gattendorfia tenuis Schindewolf, 1952; Gattendorfia costata Vöhringer, 1960; Gattendorfia rhenana sp. nov.; Gattendorfia bella sp. nov.; Gattendorfia valdevoluta sp. nov.; Gattendorfia schmidti sp. nov.; Gattendorfia corpulenta sp. nov.; Gattendorfia immodica sp. nov.</p><p>Remarks</p><p>Gattendorfia and Zadelsdorfia are closely related genera and it is obviously not easy to separate them clearly. This is mainly due to the fact that the ontogeny of many species is poorly known. Both genera contain species that have a more or less widely opened umbilicus even in the adult stage. The juvenile and preadult stages are usually evolute, while the uw/dm ratio can range between 0.20 and 0.50 in the adult stage among the species. The species of Gattendorfia and Zadelsdorfia can be subdivided into different groups with their characteristics such as conch shape (slender – stout), adult umbilical width (low – high), shape of the umbilical margin (rounded – subangular – angular), shell constrictions (absent – convex – concavo-convex) and growth lines (fine – lamellar). There is no obvious covariation of these characters. It is easiest to group the species according to the ww/dm and uw/dm ratios in the adult stage:</p><p>(1) Forms with discoidal conch shape and moderately wide umbilicus in the adult stage: G. subinvoluta, G. rhenana sp. nov., G. schmidti sp. nov.</p><p>(2) Forms with discoidal conch shape and wide umbilicus in the adult stage: G. bella sp. nov., G. valdevoluta sp. nov.</p><p>(3) Forms with pachyconic conch shape and wide umbilicus in the adult stage: G. costata, G. immodica sp. nov.</p><p>(4) Forms with pachyconic to globular conch shape and moderately wide umbilicus in the adult stage: Z. crassa, Z. oblita sp. nov.</p><p>The genus Zadelsdorfia was proposed by Weyer (1972) with the type species Gattendorfia asiatica Librovitch, 1940; it was introduced to include gattendorfiid ammonoids with a pouched external lobe. At the time it seemed to be restricted to the Middle Tournaisian, but in the meantime it has been demonstrated that Early Tournaisian species, among them G. crassa and several North African species, also possess a pouched external lobe (Korn 1994; Bockwinkel &amp; Ebbighausen 2006; Ebbighausen &amp; Bockwinkel 2007).</p><p>Korn &amp; Feist (2007) regarded Zadelsdorfia as a junior synonym of Gattendorfia . However, it appears to be justified to separate the two genera on the basis of the shape of the external lobe (lanceolate in Gattendorfia but pouched in Zadelsdorfia) and the conch ontogeny ( Gattendorfia has a widely umbilicate conch in adulthood, while in Zadelsdorfia the umbilicus is narrow in the adult stage). Furthermore, the adventive lobe tends to be asymmetric in Zadelsdorfia, while it is almost symmetric in Gattendorfia .</p><p>Bockwinkel &amp; Ebbighausen (2006) separated the group of “ Gattendorfia molaris ” as an independent genus Weyerella . Gattendorfia differs from Weyerella primarily in the size of the conch, which in Gattendorfia reaches more than 50 mm diameter, while conchs of Weyerella usually do not exceed 25 mm.Another distinguishing feature is the width of the umbilicus in the juvenile stage; in Gattendorfia the umbilicus is very wide (&gt; 0.55 of the diameter), whereas the uw/dm ratio in Weyerella only reaches a maximum of 0.50. According to Bockwinkel &amp; Ebbighausen (2006), “ Weyerella differs from typical Gattendorfia in the mode of umbilicus, closing with an overlap of the whorls over the preceding and in the platyconic conch shape of the adult conch.”</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EA5C14CA7A853BFDFFF940FD5B8385	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Korn, Dieter;Weyer, Dieter	Korn, Dieter, Weyer, Dieter (2023): The ammonoids from the Gattendorfia Limestone of Oberrödinghausen (Early Carboniferous; Rhenish Mountains, Germany). European Journal of Taxonomy 882: 1-230, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2023.882.2177, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2023.882.2177
03EA5C14CA7C8538FDABFE98FDDD81A8.text	03EA5C14CA7C8538FDABFE98FDDD81A8.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Gattendorfia rhenana Korn & Weyer 2023	<div><p>Gattendorfia rhenana sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 6E306806-364B-4DCE-8CA2-AFC203EC54E9</p><p>Figs 8A, 68–69; Tables 66–67</p><p>Gattendorfia subinvoluta – Schindewolf 1952: 295 fig. 15. — Vöhringer 1960: 151, pl. 5 fig. 5, text-figs 26, 35. — Korn 1994: 71, text-figs 64b–c, 65a, 66a, 67c, 68c; 2006: text-fig. 3j. — Luppold et al. 1994: text-fig. 15b. — Korn &amp; Feist 2007: 107, text-fig. 6e, g. — Korn &amp; Weyer 2003: 100, pl. 2 figs 10–11, text-fig. 14g. — Kullmann 2009: text-fig. 3.1. — Korn &amp; Klug 2015: text-fig. 12.6.1. — Becker et al. 2021: text-fig. 3l–m.</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Species of Gattendorfia with a conch reaching 70 mm diameter. Conch at 7 mm dm thickly discoidal, evolute (ww/dm ~0.45; uw/dm ~0.55); at 15 mm dm thickly discoidal, evolute (ww/dm ~0.55; uw/dm ~0.50); at 40 mm dm thickly discoidal, subevolute (ww/dm ~0.55; uw/dm ~0.40). Whorl profile in the juvenile stage trapezoidal, at 40 mm dm moderately depressed (ww/wh ~1.60); coiling rate moderately high (WER ~1.90). Venter broadly rounded throughout ontogeny, umbilical margin narrowly rounded in the adult stage. Growth lines fine, wide-standing, with convex course. Weak constrictions on the shell surface and prominent internal shell thickenings. Suture line with narrowly lanceolate external lobe and broadly lanceolate adventive lobe.</p><p>Etymology</p><p>Named after the occurrence of the species in the Rhenish Mountains.</p><p>Material examined</p><p>Holotype</p><p>GERMANY • Rhenish Mountains, Oberrödinghausen, railway cutting; Hangenberg Limestone, bed 5; Vöhringer Coll .; illustrated by Vöhringer (1960: pl. 5 fig. 5a) and Korn (1994: text-fig. 66a); re-illustrated here in Fig. 68; GPIT-PV-63940.</p><p>Paratypes</p><p>GERMANY • 2 specimens; Rhenish Mountains, Oberrödinghausen, railway cutting; Hangenberg Limestone, bed 5; Vöhringer Coll.; GPIT-PV-63939, GPIT-PV-63946 • 2 specimens; Rhenish Mountains, Oberrödinghausen, railway cutting; Hangenberg Limestone, bed 4; Vöhringer Coll.; MB.C.31147.1–2 • 1 specimen; Rhenish Mountains, Oberrödinghausen, railway cutting; Hangenberg Limestone, bed 3e; Weyer 1993–1994 Coll.; MB.C.31148 • 2 specimens; Rhenish Mountains, Oberrödinghausen, railway cutting; Hangenberg Limestone, bed 6b; Weyer 1993–1994 Coll.; MB.C.31149.1–2 • 1 specimen; Rhenish Mountains, Hasselbachtal; Hangenberg Limestone, bed 71; Weyer 1993–1994 Coll.; MB.C.5244.1 • 1 specimen; Rhenish Mountains, Hasselbachtal; Hangenberg Limestone, bed 80; Weyer 1993–1994 Coll.; MB.C.5247.1.</p><p>Description</p><p>Holotype GPIT-PV-63940 is a moderately well-preserved specimen with 56 mm conch diameter; it is partly covered by shell remains (Fig. 68). It is thickly discoidal with a crescent-shaped, depressed whorl profile with a rounded umbilical margin and convex flanks continuing into the broadly arched venter. The specimen possesses fine growth lines and faint constrictions, which begin at the umbilical margin, from where they curve back to form a broad, shallow sinus on the venter. They are spaced at intervals of approximately 90 degrees and follow the course of the growth lines (Fig. 69C).</p><p>The sectioned paratype GPIT-PV-63946 allows the study of conch ontogeny in the growth interval between 5 and 28 mm diameter (Fig. 69A). In this growth interval, the conch becomes somewhat stouter (ww/dm increases from ~0.40 to ~0.60), while the umbilicus becomes narrower (uw/dm decreases from ~0.55 to ~0.40). The whorl profile changes from rounded trapezoidal to broad oval, but the last half whorl then shows a greater increase in whorl height. This is also expressed in the coiling rate (WER increases to ~1.90). The suture line has a lanceolate, weakly pouched external lobe, an evenly rounded, symmetrical ventrolateral saddle and a lanceolate lateral lobe (Fig. 69B).</p><p>Remarks</p><p>Specimens of the new species were usually attributed to Gattendorfia subinvoluta (Vöhringer 1960; Korn 1994). However, G. subinvoluta has a much more slender conch (ww/dm ~0.42 at 62 mm dm) than G. rhenana sp. nov., where the ww/dm ratio is ~0.56 at 56 mm dm. Such a difference can hardly be explained by intraspecific variation. However, both species are easier to distinguish by the shell constrictions developed in G. rhenana, which are absent in G. subinvoluta . Furthermore, G. subinvoluta has very coarse growth lines, which are fine in G. rhenana . Such differences in G. subinvoluta were explained by Becker with the “biogeographic separation through a narrow oceanic system”. Gattendorfia rhenana differs from G. schmidti sp. nov. in the convex course of the growth lines and shell constrictions (concavo-convex in G. schmidti) and all other species with discoidal conch in the narrower umbilicus of the adult stage and the stouter conch.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EA5C14CA7C8538FDABFE98FDDD81A8	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Korn, Dieter;Weyer, Dieter	Korn, Dieter, Weyer, Dieter (2023): The ammonoids from the Gattendorfia Limestone of Oberrödinghausen (Early Carboniferous; Rhenish Mountains, Germany). European Journal of Taxonomy 882: 1-230, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2023.882.2177, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2023.882.2177
03EA5C14CA7E8536FDB5F993FCA6872B.text	03EA5C14CA7E8536FDB5F993FCA6872B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Gattendorfia bella Korn & Weyer 2023	<div><p>Gattendorfia bella sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 4E3879AA-60BF-456A-938F-F71F8700C9B9</p><p>Figs 70–71; Tables 68–69</p><p>Gattendorfia tenuis – Vöhringer 1960: 153, text-fig. 29. — Korn 1994: 75, text-figs 66f, h.</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Species of Gattendorfia with a conch reaching 60 mm diameter. Conch at 5 mm dm thinly discoidal, evolute (ww/dm ~0.40; uw/dm ~0.55); at 15 mm dm thinly discoidal, evolute (ww/dm ~0.40; uw/dm ~0.50); at 40 mm dm thinly discoidal, evolute (ww/dm ~0.40; uw/dm ~0.50). Whorl profile in the juvenile stage depressed oval, at 40 mm dm weakly depressed (ww/wh ~1.35); coiling rate low (WER ~1.75). Venter broadly rounded throughout ontogeny, umbilical margin broadly rounded throughout ontogeny. Growth lines lamellar, wide-standing, with convex course. Deep constrictions on the shell surface and prominent internal shell thickenings.</p><p>Etymology</p><p>From the Latin ‘ bella ’ = ‘pretty’; referring to the regular conch shape and ornament.</p><p>Material examined</p><p>Holotype</p><p>GERMANY • Rhenish Mountains, Oberrödinghausen, railway cutting; Hangenberg Limestone, bed 3e; Weyer 1993–1994 Coll.; illustrated in Fig. 70A; MB.C.31151.1.</p><p>Paratypes</p><p>GERMANY • 1 specimen; Rhenish Mountains, Oberrödinghausen, railway cutting; Hangenberg Limestone, bed 3d; Vöhringer Coll.; GPIT-PV-63942 • 1 specimen; Rhenish Mountains, Oberrödinghausen, railway cutting; Hangenberg Limestone, bed 5; Vöhringer Coll.; GPIT-PV-63989 • 1 specimen; Rhenish Mountains, Oberrödinghausen, railway cutting; Hangenberg Limestone, bed 3b; Vöhringer Coll.; MB.C.31150 • 1 specimen; Rhenish Mountains, Oberrödinghausen, railway cutting; Hangenberg Limestone, bed 3e; Weyer 1993–1994 Coll.; MB.C.31151.2 .</p><p>Description</p><p>Holotype MB.C.31151.1 is a rather well-preserved specimen with 37 mm conch diameter, showing two complete whorls (Fig. 70B). The conch is thinly discoidal and evolute (ww/dm = 0.43; uw/dm = 0.48) with rather a low coiling rate (WER = 1.74). The whorl profile is kidney-shaped (ww/wh = 1.28) with a broadly rounded venter that merges continuously with the rounded flanks and the rounded umbilical wall.</p><p>Large areas of the specimen are covered with shell remains. These show lamellar growth lines, which are already directed backwards at the umbilical seam; they extend in this direction across the flank and then form a shallow ventral sinus (Fig. 71D). The growth lines are coarsest on the flank, while they are only visible as fine lines on the venter. Shell constrictions spaced at slightly more than 90 degrees extend parallel to the growth lines. These constrictions are more prominent on the inner mould than on the shell surface.</p><p>The cross sections of specimens MB.C.31150 (30.5 mm dm; Fig. 71A), GPIT-PV-63942 (25.5 mm dm; Fig. 71B) and GPIT-PV-63989 (17 mm dm; Fig. 71C) show that the conch morphology experiences only minor changes above a conch diameter of 5 mm (Fig. 71E–G). The relative umbilical width remains the same at a value of about 0.50 and the ratio of whorl width and whorl height decreases only slightly from a value of 1.50 to 1.40. The coiling rate increases from 1.50 to 1.70.</p><p>Remarks</p><p>Gattendorfia bella sp. nov. can easily be distinguished from the other species of the genus because the conch ontogeny undergoes only insignificant changes; all other species show a marked decrease in relative umbilical width from about 15 mm conch diameter onwards, while the umbilicus in G. bella retains about the same opening rate. A similar species is only G. valdevoluta sp. nov.; however, in this species the growth lines are much finer and the umbilicus is more open in the juvenile stage (uw/dm ~0.65 at 5 mm dm in contrast to ~ 0.55 in G. bella).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EA5C14CA7E8536FDB5F993FCA6872B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Korn, Dieter;Weyer, Dieter	Korn, Dieter, Weyer, Dieter (2023): The ammonoids from the Gattendorfia Limestone of Oberrödinghausen (Early Carboniferous; Rhenish Mountains, Germany). European Journal of Taxonomy 882: 1-230, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2023.882.2177, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2023.882.2177
03EA5C14CA738533FD9DFC95FBD98384.text	03EA5C14CA738533FD9DFC95FBD98384.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Gattendorfia valdevoluta Korn & Weyer 2023	<div><p>Gattendorfia valdevoluta sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 3C3A26D9-674D-43A2-9FED-DDE94DC01888</p><p>Figs 72–73; Tables 70–71</p><p>Gattendorfia tenuis – Vöhringer 1960: 153, text-fig. 28. — Korn 1994: 75, text-figs 66e.</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Species of Gattendorfia with a conch reaching 50 mm diameter. Conch at 5 mm dm extremely discoidal, very evolute (ww/dm ~0.30; uw/dm ~0.65); at 15 mm dm thinly discoidal, evolute (ww/dm ~0.40; uw/ dm ~0.50); at 40 mm dm thinly discoidal, subevolute (ww/dm ~0.40; uw/dm ~0.40). Whorl profile in the juvenile stage depressed oval, at 40 mm dm weakly depressed (ww/wh ~1.10); coiling rate low (WER ~1.70). Venter broadly rounded throughout ontogeny, umbilical margin narrowly rounded in the adult stage. Growth lines fine, narrow-standing, with convex course. Deep constrictions on the shell surface, prominent internal shell thickenings.</p><p>Etymology</p><p>From the Latin ‘ valte ’ = ‘very’ and ‘ evoluta ’ = ‘evolute’; referring to the extremely evolute juvenile conch.</p><p>Material examined</p><p>Holotype</p><p>GERMANY • Rhenish Mountains, Oberrödinghausen, railway cutting; Hangenberg Limestone, bed 3d2; Weyer 1993–1994 Coll.; illustrated in Fig. 72A; MB.C.31155.</p><p>Paratypes</p><p>GERMANY • 1 specimen; Rhenish Mountains, Oberrödinghausen, railway cutting; Hangenberg Limestone, bed 2; Vöhringer Coll.; GPIT-PV-63996 • 1 specimen; Rhenish Mountains, Oberrödinghausen, railway cutting; Hangenberg Limestone, bed 3a; Vöhringer Coll.; MB.C.31152 • 1 specimen; Rhenish Mountains, Oberrödinghausen, railway cutting; Hangenberg Limestone, bed 3d; Vöhringer Coll.; MB.C.31153 • 1 specimen; Rhenish Mountains, Oberrödinghausen, railway cutting; Hangenberg Limestone, bed 2b; Weyer 1993–1994 Coll.; MB.C.31154 .</p><p>Description</p><p>Holotype MB.C.31155 has a diameter of 17 mm and is preserved with some shell remains (Fig. 72A). The conch is serpenticonic with a very wide umbilicus (ww/dm = 0.42; uw/dm = 0.55). The whorl profile is kidney-shaped (ww/wh = 1.46) with broadly rounded venter and flanks; the umbilical margin is broadly rounded and the umbilical wall is convex. The shell bears fine growth lines, which are slightly directed backwards on the flank and run with a very shallow sinus across the venter (Fig. 73D). There are several shell constrictions that follow the course of the growth lines. These constrictions are arranged in nearly regular distances of 90 degrees, so they have a position almost at the same angle on the last two whorls.</p><p>Paratype MB.C.31154 has 11 mm diameter and is serpenticonic like the inner whorls of the holotype (Fig. 72B). A difference from the holotype is, however, that the specimen has irregularly distributed constrictions; the last two of them are arranged at right angles to each other.</p><p>The sectioned specimen GPIT-PV-63996 shows the ontogenetic development of the conch morphology from the initial stage to 32 mm diameter (Fig. 73A). The conch begins with a serpenticonic morphology and has a rounded-trapezoidal whorl profile that changes into a broad oval profile at about 7 mm conch diameter. At about 14 mm diameter there is a rapid increase in whorl height and at 32 mm diameter, the width of the profile is only slightly greater than the height. At this stage there is already quite a distinct umbilical edge from which the flanks converge to the relatively narrow venter.</p><p>The ontogenetic trajectories show moderate changes in the cardinal conch parameters (Fig. 73E–G). The ww/dm and uw/dm trajectories are biphasic and run diametrically; the ww/dm ratio is lowest at about 4 mm dm (~0.30), while the uw/dm ratio is highest (~0.65). At 18 mm dm, both values are about equal (~0.50). The width of the whorl profile decreases smoothly from ~1.80 to ~1.50 between 2 and 20 mm conch diameter; thereafter the decrease is slightly more rapid to ~1.10 at 32 mm dm.</p><p>Remarks</p><p>Gattendorfia valdevoluta sp. nov. is, according to present knowledge, the species of the genus with the widest umbilical opening in the juvenile stage; the uw/dm ratio exceeds the value of ~0.65 at 5 mm conch diameter. This ratio reaches, in other discoidal species, only ~ 0.55 in G. rhenana sp. nov. and G. bella sp. nov. or ~ 0.60 in G. schmidti sp. nov. However, G. valdevoluta clearly differs from G. schmidti in the course of the constrictions, which are almost straight and slightly backwardly directed on the flank in G. valdevoluta, but in G. schmidti they extend with a concavo-convex course.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EA5C14CA738533FD9DFC95FBD98384	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Korn, Dieter;Weyer, Dieter	Korn, Dieter, Weyer, Dieter (2023): The ammonoids from the Gattendorfia Limestone of Oberrödinghausen (Early Carboniferous; Rhenish Mountains, Germany). European Journal of Taxonomy 882: 1-230, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2023.882.2177, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2023.882.2177
03EA5C14CA7485CEFDABFE98FDCC8631.text	03EA5C14CA7485CEFDABFE98FDCC8631.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Gattendorfia schmidti Korn & Weyer 2023	<div><p>Gattendorfia schmidti sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 7AE42990-A874-40D5-998E-5D9DC76284E2</p><p>Figs 74–75; Tables 72–73</p><p>Gattendorfia subinvoluta – Schmidt 1924: 151, pl. 8 figs 7–8; 1925: 535, pl. 19 fig. 8.</p><p>Gattendorfia tenuis – Vöhringer 1960: 153, pl. 5 fig. 6, text-fig. 38. — Weyer 1965: 447, pl. 6 fig. 1. — Bartzsch &amp; Weyer 1986: pl. 2 fig. 2. — Korn 1994: 75, text-figs 65b, 66g, 67d, 68b; 2006: textfig. 3i.</p><p>Gattendorfia involuta – Becker in Becker et al. 2021: 409.</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Species of Gattendorfia with a conch reaching 70 mm diameter. Conch at 5 mm dm thinly discoidal, very evolute (ww/dm ~0.40; uw/dm ~0.60); at 15 mm dm thickly discoidal, evolute (ww/dm ~0.50; uw/ dm ~0.45); at 40 mm dm thickly discoidal, subinvolute (ww/dm ~0.50; uw/dm ~0.25). Whorl profile in the juvenile stage depressed oval, at 40 mm dm circular (ww/wh ~1.00); coiling rate moderately high (WER ~1.85). Venter broadly rounded throughout ontogeny, umbilical margin narrowly rounded in the adult stage. Growth lines lamellar, wide-standing, with concavo-convex course. Deep constrictions on the shell surface and prominent internal shell thickenings. Suture line with lanceolate, very weakly pouched external lobe and V-shaped adventive lobe.</p><p>Etymology</p><p>Named after Hermann Schmidt (1892–1978) in appreciation of his studies on the Devonian– Carboniferous boundary.</p><p>Material examined</p><p>Holotype</p><p>GERMANY • Rhenish Mountains, Oberrödinghausen, railway cutting; Hangenberg Limestone, bed 1; Vöhringer Coll.; illustrated by Vöhringer (1960: pl. 5 fig. 6), Korn (1994: text-fig. 65b) and Korn (2006: text-fig 3i); re-illustrated here in Fig. 74A; GPIT-PV-63952.</p><p>Paratypes</p><p>GERMANY • 1 specimen; Rhenish Mountains, Oberrödinghausen, railway cutting; Hangenberg Limestone, bed 1; Vöhringer Coll.; GPIT-PV-63951 • 1 specimen; Rhenish Mountains, Oberrödinghausen, railway cutting; Hangenberg Limestone, bed 2; Vöhringer Coll.; GPIT-PV-63882 • 3 specimens; Rhenish Mountains, Oberrödinghausen, railway cutting; Hangenberg Limestone, bed 2; Vöhringer Coll.; MB.C.31156.1–3 • 2 specimens; Rhenish Mountains, Oberrödinghausen, railway cutting; Hangenberg Limestone, bed 3c; Vöhringer Coll.; MB.C.31157.1–2 • 2 specimens; Rhenish Mountains, Oberrödinghausen, railway cutting; Hangenberg Limestone, bed 3a; Weyer 1993–1994 Coll.; MB.C.31158.1–2 .</p><p>Description</p><p>Holotype GPIT-PV-63952 is a moderately preserved specimen with a 56 mm diameter of the conch. A part of the aperture is broken off, so that the illustration shown here (Fig. 74A) seems to figure a smaller specimen than that shown by Vöhringer (1960: pl. 5 fig. 6). The specimen is, at 40 mm diameter, thickly discoidal and subinvolute (ww/ dm = 0.47; uw/dm = 0.23) with a moderately high coiling rate (WER = 1.84). The umbilical margin is quite distinct and separates the almost vertical umbilical wall from the evenly convex flanks, which converge to the continuously rounded venter.</p><p>Only small shell remains are preserved on the holotype. It can be assumed that the growth lines extend parallel to the prominent constrictions, which are arranged at 90 degrees. These run in an almost straight line across the flank, forming a low ventrolateral projection and bending back to form a deeper ventral sinus (Fig. 75D). The suture line is typical of Gattendorfia and has a lanceolate external lobe with weakly curved flanks and a weakly asymmetrical, narrowly V-shaped adventive lobe (Fig. 75C).</p><p>The cross sections of paratypes MB.C.31156.1 and MB.C.31157.2 show the ontogenetic development of the conch up to a diameter of 23 mm (Fig. 75A–B). Both show very evolute inner whorls; the uw/dm ratio ranges from 0.55 to 0.60 between 2 and 8 mm conch diameter. Later in ontogeny, the whorls start to overlap the preceding whorl more strongly and already at 23 mm diameter, the uw/dm ratio has decreased to a value of ~0.33. Paratype MB.C.31156.1 shows, at this diameter, already the transformation of the broad-oval whorl profile of the juvenile stage into the adult stage with a distinctly pronounced umbilical margin.</p><p>Remarks</p><p>The specimen chosen here as the holotype of the new species Gattendorfia schmidti sp. nov. was already determined by Becker (in Becker et al. 2021) as the neotype of the species “ Gattendorfia involuta Schindewolf, 1924 ”. However, this determination seriously complicated the problematic nomenclatorial circumstances of that species. For this reason, it is necessary to review and discuss the course of the research history concerning the species “ Gattendorfia involuta ”.</p><p>In his brief discussion of the ammonoid occurrences of Saalfeld in Thuringia, Schindewolf (1924: 105) stated that he distinguished three species of Gattendorfia, namely G. subinvoluta and the two new species G. ventroplana and G. involuta . However, he has described and illustrated only G. ventroplana (Schindewolf 1923: 409, pl. 16, fig. 10, text-fig. 14b), although under the species G. subinvoluta . For the third species G. involuta he provided only a brief, uninformative definition: “ G. involuta nov. sp., eine gegenüber G. subinvoluta flacher scheibenförmige, enger genabelte und hochmündigere Spezies.” = “ G. involuta nov. sp., a species more thinly discoidal, more closely umbilicate and more high-apertured than G. subinvoluta .” Schindewolf did not explain where the material of “ G. involuta ” came from; however, it is very likely that it either came from Gattendorf or Saalfeld. It is important to mention that at that time Schindewolf still held the view that the Gattendorfia Stufe was older than the Wockluneria Stufe.</p><p>Schindewolf (1926b: 92) then explained that after writing his article on the ammonoid assemblages of Saalfeld (Schindewolf 1924), he had the opportunity to study the Devonian–Carboniferous boundary section near Wocklum in the Rhenish Mountains in greater detail. During this visit he realised that the Gattendorfia Stufe is not older but younger than the Wockluneria Stufe.</p><p>Schindewolf (1952: 297) discussed again his previously established third species “ Gattendorfia involuta Schindewolf, 1924 ”. In this discussion, he stated that this species had no valid name and that he would refer to it as the new species Gattendorfia tenuis . In this article, he described and illustrated a specimen of 73 mm diameter from Saalfeld as the type for that species. He also said that he had previously owned excellently preserved specimens from Oberrödinghausen in the Rhenish Mountains and Ebersdorf (Dzikowiec) in Silesia. A rather well-preserved specimen from Ebersdorf, collected by Schindewolf in 1918 and described as Gattendorfia tenuis by Weyer (1965. 447), belongs to the new species G. schmidti sp. nov. described here. From what has already been said above, it is clear that these specimens Schindewolf mentioned did not belong to the type series.</p><p>Vöhringer (1960: 153) used the species name G. tenuis for specimens from Oberrödinghausen, which however belong to three different species. He presented a specimen with a diameter of 57 mm as a photograph and also cross sections of two other, smaller specimens. The assignment of his large specimen to G. tenuis is astonishing, because this specimen deviates considerably from the holotype in the direction of the constrictions. Nevertheless, this concept was accepted by Korn (1994, 2006).</p><p>Becker (in Becker et al. 2021: 409) saw the need to revive the hitherto unused species name “ Gattendorfia involuta Schindewolf, 1924 ” and designated specimen GPIT-PV-63952, illustrated by Vöhringer (1960: pl. 5 fig. 6) as G. tenuis, as the neotype for “ G. involuta ”. However, this procedure is to be criticised for several reasons:</p><p>1. The neotype does not come from the type region. The claim by Becker that Schindewolf possessed syntypes from Oberrödinghausen (and that this is one of the two type localities) is not correct (see above), since Schindewolf only carried out extensive studies in the Rhenish Mountains Devonian– Carboniferous boundary sections after writing his 1924 article.</p><p>2. With the determination of a neotype from another region, the species “ G. involuta ” would become a widespread species by definition, but not by empirical data.</p><p>3. The same is true for the stratigraphic range of the species. All ammonoid specimens from Gattendorf come from the lowest part of the Gattendorfia Limestone (regional Acutimitoceras acutum Zone), while the “ neotype ” comes from the highest bed of the Gattendorfia Limestone ( Eocanites delicatus Zone). With the neotype proposal, Gattendorfia involuta would become a long-ranging species by definition, not by empirical data.</p><p>4. The determination of a neotype is unnecessary, because a specimen of “ G. involuta ” personally labelled by Schindewolf is present in the collection of the Museum für Naturkunde, Berlin; this specimen was probably taken by him when he moved from Marburg to Berlin in 1927.</p><p>5. The illustration of another supposedly “typical” specimen by Becker (in Becker et al. 2021: text-fig. 15) adds to the confusion. The poorly preserved specimen is from the basal bed of the Hangenberg Limestone, while the proposed neotype is from the highest bed of the unit. The specimen cannot be considered typical at all because it does not seem to have constrictions like the proposed neotype.</p><p>The new species Gattendorfia schmidti sp. nov. is based on a specimen found by Vöhringer and named by him as G. tenuis . Vöhringer stated that he had 22 specimens of this species; of these he sectioned several specimens and illustrated two of them. However, these two differ in their growth trajectories and are attributed here to other species ( G. bella sp. nov., G. valdevoluta sp. nov.). Gattendorfia schmidti differs from G. tenuis in the course of growth lines and constrictions, which in G. schmidti are concavo-convex and form a ventrolateral projection, whereas in G. tenuis they run with a convex curve across the flanks and merge continuously into the ventral sinus. In addition, the constrictions in G. tenuis are limited to the outer half of the flank and the venter, whereas in G. schmidti they already begin at the umbilicus. Gattendorfia schmidti has a stouter conch than G. tenuis; the ww/dm ratio is about 0.40 in G. schmidti but only 0.32 in G. tenuis .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EA5C14CA7485CEFDABFE98FDCC8631	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Korn, Dieter;Weyer, Dieter	Korn, Dieter, Weyer, Dieter (2023): The ammonoids from the Gattendorfia Limestone of Oberrödinghausen (Early Carboniferous; Rhenish Mountains, Germany). European Journal of Taxonomy 882: 1-230, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2023.882.2177, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2023.882.2177
03EA5C14CA8885CDFDF5FD08FC2A80BC.text	03EA5C14CA8885CDFDF5FD08FC2A80BC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Gattendorfia costata Vohringer 1960	<div><p>Gattendorfia costata Vöhringer, 1960</p><p>Fig. 76; Table 74</p><p>Gattendorfia costata Vöhringer, 1960: 152, pl. 5 fig. 7.</p><p>Gattendorfia costata – Bartzsch &amp; Weyer 1982: 19, text-fig. 4.2. — Korn 1994: 73, text-fig. 65c.</p><p>non Gattendorfia costata Vöhringer 1960: 152, text-figs 27, 37 (only). — Weyer 1977: 173, pl. 1 figs 1, 7. — House 1985a: 126, pl. 6.7.14 fig. d. — Gordon 1986: 18, text-figs 6.1–6.3, 8.3. — Korn 1994: 73, text-figs 66d, 67a (only). — Dzik 1997: 107, text-fig. 28f. — Korn &amp; Weyer 2003: 100, text-fig. 14h–i. — Korn et al. 2003b: 1125, text-fig. 3b. — Sprey 2002: pl. 4 fig. 7.</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Species of Gattendorfia with a conch reaching 50 mm diameter. Conch at 30 mm dm thickly pachyconic, evolute (ww/dm ~0.80; uw/dm ~0.45). Whorl profile at 30 mm dm extremely depressed (ww/wh ~2.85); coiling rate very low (WER ~1.48). Venter broadly rounded, umbilical margin narrowly rounded. Without constrictions on the shell surface and without internal shell thickenings, with short ribs on the umbilical margin.</p><p>Material examined</p><p>Holotype</p><p>GERMANY • Rhenish Mountains, Oberrödinghausen, railway cutting; Hangenberg Limestone, bed 2; Vöhringer Coll.; illustrated by (Vöhringer 1960: pl. 5 fig. 7), Korn (1994: text-fig. 65c) and Sprey (2002: pl. 4 fig. 7); re-illustrated here in Fig. 76; GPIT-PV-63941.</p><p>Description</p><p>Holotype GPIT-PV-63941 is a rather poorly preserved specimen with 32 mm diameter of the conch (Fig. 76). It is partly ground and therefore shows hardly any remains of the shell. The conch is barrelshaped (ww/dm = 0.84) with a very broadly rounded venter, a rather narrowly rounded umbilical margin and a convex umbilical wall. The umbilicus is rather wide (uw/dm = 0.44) and the coiling rate is very low (WER = 1.49). Little can be said about the ornament; short, blunt riblets are formed on the umbilical margin.</p><p>Remarks</p><p>Vöhringer (1960) merged at least three morphological easily distinguishable species under the name Gattendorfia costata . (1) The first of these, defined by the holotype, is characterised by a wide umbilicus (uw/dm ~0.45) and weak nodes on the raised umbilical margin. (2) The second of these species, described here as G. corpulenta sp. nov., has a much narrower umbilicus with a uw/dm ratio of ~0.30, such as the cross section which he published (Vöhringer 1960: text-fig. 27) and short backwardly directed ribs. (3) The third, not explicitly mentioned by Vöhringer (1960) and described here as Zadelsdorfia oblita sp. nov., also has a much narrower umbilicus (uw/dm = 0.30) and lacks ribs but possesses concavo-convex internal shell thickenings. Another separating criterion to distinguish between G. costata and G. corpulenta is the course of the constrictions, which are concavo-convex with a ventrolateral projection and a rather narrow ventral sinus in G. costata but with convex course without ventrolateral projection and with broad ventral sinus in the new species G. corpulenta .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EA5C14CA8885CDFDF5FD08FC2A80BC	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Korn, Dieter;Weyer, Dieter	Korn, Dieter, Weyer, Dieter (2023): The ammonoids from the Gattendorfia Limestone of Oberrödinghausen (Early Carboniferous; Rhenish Mountains, Germany). European Journal of Taxonomy 882: 1-230, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2023.882.2177, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2023.882.2177
03EA5C14CA8B85CAFD99FA80FF478233.text	03EA5C14CA8B85CAFD99FA80FF478233.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Gattendorfia corpulenta Korn & Weyer 2023	<div><p>Gattendorfia corpulenta sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 95790C3B-9B58-492E-BFD6-2D1CC0154C0C</p><p>Figs 77–78; Tables 75–76</p><p>Gattendorfia crassa – Schindewolf 1952: 296, pl. 2 fig. 5, text-figs 16–17.</p><p>Gattendorfia costata – Vöhringer 1960: 152, text-figs 27, 37. — Dzik: 107, text-fig. 28f. — Weyer 1977: 173, pl. 1 figs 1, 7. — Korn 1994: 73, text-figs 66d, 67a. — Korn &amp; Weyer 2003: 100, text-fig. 14h–i.</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Species of Gattendorfia with a conch reaching 70 mm diameter. Conch at 5 mm dm thickly discoidal, evolute (ww/dm ~0.58; uw/dm ~0.50); at 15 mm dm thinly pachyconic, subevolute (ww/dm ~0.70; uw/ dm ~0.40); at 40 mm dm thickly pachyconic, subinvolute (ww/dm ~0.75; uw/dm ~0.25). Whorl profile in the juvenile stage crescent-shaped, at 40 mm dm moderately depressed (ww/wh ~1.65); coiling rate moderately high (WER ~1.85). Venter broadly rounded throughout ontogeny, umbilical margin narrowly rounded in the adult stage. Growth lines fine, wide-standing, with convex course. Weak constrictions on the shell surface and weak internal shell thickenings; sharp, short ribs on the inner flank. Suture line with lanceolate external lobe and V-shaped adventive lobe.</p><p>Etymology</p><p>From the Latin ‘ corpulenta ’, referring to the stout conch.</p><p>Material examined</p><p>Holotype</p><p>GERMANY • Rhenish Mountains, Oberrödinghausen, railway cutting; Hangenberg Limestone, bed 3d; Vöhringer Coll.; illustrated in Fig. 77A; MB.C.31160.1.</p><p>Paratypes</p><p>GERMANY • 1specimen; RhenishMountains, Oberrödinghausen,railwaycutting; HangenbergLimestone, bed 3a; Vöhringer Coll.; GPIT-PV-63950 • 2 specimens; Rhenish Mountains, Oberrödinghausen, railway cutting; Hangenberg Limestone, bed 3d; Vöhringer Coll.; GPIT-PV-63896, GPIT-PV-63936 • 1 specimen; Rhenish Mountains, Oberrödinghausen, railway cutting; Hangenberg Limestone, bed 3b; Vöhringer Coll.; MB.C.31159 • 3 specimens; Rhenish Mountains, Oberrödinghausen, railway cutting; Hangenberg Limestone, bed 3d; Vöhringer Coll.; MB.C.31160.1–3 • 1 specimen; Rhenish Mountains, Oberrödinghausen, railway cutting; Hangenberg Limestone, bed 3e; Vöhringer Coll.; MB.C.31161 • 1 specimen; Rhenish Mountains, Oberrödinghausen, railway cutting; Hangenberg Limestone, loose material; Vöhringer Coll.; MB.C.31162 • 1 specimen; Rhenish Mountains, Oberrödinghausen, railway cutting; Hangenberg Limestone, bed 3d; Korn 1982 Coll.; MB.C.31163 • 1 specimen; Rhenish Mountains, Oberrödinghausen, railway cutting; Hangenberg Limestone, bed 3e; Weyer 1993–1994 Coll.; MB.C.31164 • 1 specimen; Rhenish Mountains, Hasselbachtal; Hangenberg Limestone, bed 76; Weyer 1993–1994 Coll.; MB.C.5247.4 .</p><p>Description</p><p>Holotype MB.C.31160.1 is a specimen, which had been sectioned already by Vöhringer, but it has no internal whorls preserved. The specimen has a diameter of 44 mm and is thickly pachyconic and subinvolute (ww/dm = 0.74; uw/dm = 0.24) with a narrowly rounded umbilical margin, a convex umbilical wall and broadly rounded flanks and venter (Fig. 77A). There are fine, sharp ribs on the umbilical margin, spaced 1.5 to 2 mm apart, which extend over a distance of about 8 mm on the flanks. The ribs are directed slightly backwards. A faint constriction is visible, also directed backwards, forming a broad, shallow sinus across the venter.</p><p>Paratype MB.C.31164 is a fragment of a specimen of 40 mm conch diameter (Fig. 77B). The conch morphology can only be partially reconstructed, but it apparently differs only slightly from the holotype. Remains of the shell on the inner half of the flank are preserved, showing lamellar growth lines with a backward course. An internal shell thickening also has a posteriorly directed course.</p><p>Paratype GPIT-PV-63896 is a sectioned specimen with 27.7 mm diameter of the conch; it allows the study of five whorls (Fig. 78B). The section shows that the conch becomes continuously stouter in the interval between 5 and 27 mm diameter (ww/dm increases from ~0.50 to ~0.85). The whorl profile is very similar in all whorls, only the last half whorl shows a more pronounced subangular umbilical margin. The suture line of this paratype has a lanceolate external lobe with weakly divergent flanks, an inverted U-shaped ventrolateral saddle and an asymmetric adventive lobe with steep ventral and sigmoidally curved dorsal flank (Fig. 78D).</p><p>Paratype MB.C.31162 is another sectioned specimen showing the morphological development of the conch geometry of all whorls up to a diameter of 15 mm (Fig. 78C). It complements paratype GPIT- PV-63896; it is remarkable that the whorl profile shows almost no ontogenetic changes.</p><p>The diagrams of the ontogenetic trajectories show an inconsistent picture with respect to the cardinal conch parameters (Fig. 78 E-G). The ww/dm trajectory is triphasic, with the first phase describing a decrease in the ww/dm ratio from about 0.90 at 1 mm dm to a minimum of ~0.47 at 5 mm dm; the second phase describing an increase to ~0.85 at 27.7 mm dm. The third phase with reduction of the ww/ dm ratio is only visible in specimens over 30 mm in diameter. The uw/dm curve is biphasic and runs diametrically to the ww/dm curve. It shows the highest value of ~0.58 at a diameter of 5 mm. In contrast, the ww/wh trajectory does hardly change between 1 and 27 mm conch diameter and ranges between 1.85 and 2.25. Only with larger specimens over 40 mm diameter does the value decrease to 1.50–1.75. The WER trajectory is monophasic and shows a slow increase from 1.50 at 2 mm diameter to 1.67 at 27 mm dm.</p><p>Remarks</p><p>Gattendorfia corpulenta sp. nov. differs from most species of the genus by its stout conch form. Gattendorfia corpulenta differs in the narrower umbilicus from G. costata; at 30 mm dm, the uw/dm ratio is ~ 0.30 in G. corpulenta, but ~ 0.45 in G. costata . A superficially rather similar species is Z. oblita sp. nov., but this has constrictions that are clearly concavo-convex in their course.</p><p>Superficially, Zadelsdorfia crassa is also similar, but at a conch diameter of 30 mm more slender (ww/ dm ~0.65) than G. corpulenta (ww/dm ~0.80); Z. crassa does not possess ribs and has a pouched external lobe.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EA5C14CA8B85CAFD99FA80FF478233	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Korn, Dieter;Weyer, Dieter	Korn, Dieter, Weyer, Dieter (2023): The ammonoids from the Gattendorfia Limestone of Oberrödinghausen (Early Carboniferous; Rhenish Mountains, Germany). European Journal of Taxonomy 882: 1-230, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2023.882.2177, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2023.882.2177
03EA5C14CA8C85C9FD93F90EFBF88147.text	03EA5C14CA8C85C9FD93F90EFBF88147.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Gattendorfia immodica Korn & Weyer 2023	<div><p>Gattendorfia immodica sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: C0E69971-2116-4291-9613-997B27B43F6B</p><p>Fig. 79; Table 77</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Species of Gattendorfia with a globular, evolute conch (ww/dm ~0.90; uw/dm ~0.50) at 10 mm dm. Whorl profile at 10 mm dm extremely depressed (ww/wh ~3.00); coiling rate low (WER ~1.65). Venter flattened, umbilical margin pronounced. Without constrictions on the shell surface and without internal shell thickenings, with parabolic ribs on the umbilical margin.</p><p>Material examined</p><p>Holotype</p><p>GERMANY • Rhenish Mountains, Oberrödinghausen, railway cutting; Hangenberg Limestone, bed 5a2; Weyer 1993–1994 Coll.; illustrated in Fig. 79; MB.C.31165.</p><p>Etymology</p><p>From the Latin adjective ‘ immodica ’ = ‘immoderate’, referring to the extraordinary conch shape.</p><p>Description</p><p>Holotype MB.C.31165 (nearly 11 mm dm) demonstrates the spectacular conch morphology of the immature stage (Fig. 79). It has the shape of a thick barrel (ww/dm ~0.90) and is evolute (uw/dm ~0.50) with a strongly depressed whorl profile (ww/wh ~3.00). Furthermore, the whorl profile possesses a raised umbilical wall that is accompanied on the umbilical and the flank side by an incurved shell portion of the shell wall. It separates the sinuous umbilical wall from the broad, flattened area of flanks and venter.</p><p>The shell surface bears lamellar growth lines running backwards along the umbilical wall; they are coarsest where they cross the raised umbilical margin. They extend in a broad and low arc across the venter. The umbilical wall of the last half volution bears six ribs, which turn back sharply, much more so than the growth lines, and thicken near the umbilical margin to form parabolic nodes. The penultimate whorl, visible in the umbilicus, also has nodes, but they are much sharper and less strongly directed backwards.</p><p>Remarks</p><p>There is no other ammonoid species known from the early Tournaisian that resembles Gattendorfia immodica sp. nov. The striking morphology in the juvenile stage, has not been seen in any other species of Gattendorfia in a cross section.</p><p>The only species that could be considered for comparison is G. costata, which is only known from Oberrödinghausen by one specimen of 30 mm conch diameter. The holotype of this species does not show the geometry of the inner whorls. However, it is very likely that the specimen from Saalfeld figured by Bartzsch &amp; Weyer (1982: text-fig. 4.2) really belongs to G. costata; this specimen allows for the study of some inner whorls, which here have a rounded umbilical margin.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EA5C14CA8C85C9FD93F90EFBF88147	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Korn, Dieter;Weyer, Dieter	Korn, Dieter, Weyer, Dieter (2023): The ammonoids from the Gattendorfia Limestone of Oberrödinghausen (Early Carboniferous; Rhenish Mountains, Germany). European Journal of Taxonomy 882: 1-230, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2023.882.2177, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2023.882.2177
03EA5C14CA8E85C8FD99FE99FADF8349.text	03EA5C14CA8E85C8FD99FE99FADF8349.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Zadelsdorfia Weyer 1972	<div><p>Genus Zadelsdorfia Weyer, 1972</p><p>Type species</p><p>Gattendorfia asiatica Librovitch, 1940: 49; original designation.</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Genus of the Gattendorfiinae with a usually thickly discoidal to globular conch with low to moderately high coiling rate (WER = 1.50–1.90); inner whorls subevolute or evolute, adult stage subinvolute or involute. Ornament with convex or slightly biconvex, rursiradiate growth lines, shell with or without constrictions. Suture line with deep slightly pouched external lobe; adventive lobe usually asymmetric.</p><p>Genus composition</p><p>Central and South Europe (Schmidt 1924; Schindewolf 1926a; Korn &amp; Feist 2007): Gattendorfia crassa Schmidt, 1924;? Imitoceras apertum Schindewolf, 1926; Gattendorfia nazairensis Korn &amp; Feist, 2007; Zadelsdorfia oblita sp. nov.</p><p>North Africa (Ebbighausen et al. 2004; Bockwinkel &amp; Ebbighausen 2006; Ebbighausen &amp; Bockwinkel 2007): Gattendorfia jacquelinae Ebbighausen, Bockwinkel, Korn &amp; Weyer, 2004; Zadelsdorfia debouaaensis Bockwinkel &amp; Ebbighausen, 2006; Gattendorfia lhceni Ebbighausen &amp; Bockwinkel, 2007; Gattendorfia gisae Ebbighausen &amp; Bockwinkel, 2007; Zadelsdorfia zana sp. nov.</p><p>Urals and Central Asia (Librovitch 1940; Liang 1976; Popov &amp; Kusina 1997): Gattendorfia asiatica Librovitch, 1940; Gattendorfia nuraensis Librovitch, 1940; Gattendorfia subaperta Librovitch, 1940; Gattendorfia yaliana Liang, 1976; Gattendorfia occlusa Librovitch, 1940; Gattendorfia applanata Librovitch, 1940; Gattendorfia kazakhstanica Librovitch, 1940; Gattendorfia reticulata Librovitch, 1940; Gattendorfia (Zadelsdorfia) acricula Ruan, 1995; Gattendorfia (Zadelsdorfia) artilobata Ruan, 1995; Gattendorfia (Zadelsdorfia) hoboksarica Ruan, 1995; Gattendorfia (Zadelsdorfia) lanceolata Ruan, 1995; Gattendorfia (Zadelsdorfia) popanoides Ruan, 1995; Gattendorfia parapplanata Sheng, 1984;? Gattendorfia uralica Librovitch in Popov &amp; Kusina, 1997.</p><p>North America (Winchell 1870; Miller 1891; Miller &amp; Youngquist 1947; Miller &amp; Collinson 1951; Miller &amp; Garner 1955; Gutschick &amp; Treckman 1957): Goniatites Andrewsi Winchell, 1870; Goniatites Ohiensis Winchell, 1870;? Goniatites Brownensis Miller, 1891; Gattendorfia bransoni Miller &amp; Youngquist, 1947; Gattendorfia mehli Miller &amp; Collinson, 1951; Gattendorfia minusculum Miller &amp; Collinson, 1951; Gattendorfia stummi Miller &amp; Garner, 1955;? Gattendorfia alteri Gutschick &amp; Treckman, 1957 .</p><p>Remarks</p><p>Zadelsdorfia is closely related to Gattendorfia and a sharp line of separation cannot be drawn according to the current knowledge of many of the species. Zadelsdorfia can best be separated from Gattendorfia by the pouched external lobe (almost parallel-sided in Gattendorfia), the asymmetric adventive lobe (almost symmetric in Gattendorfia) and the adult conch with a rather distinct closure of the umbilicus.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EA5C14CA8E85C8FD99FE99FADF8349	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Korn, Dieter;Weyer, Dieter	Korn, Dieter, Weyer, Dieter (2023): The ammonoids from the Gattendorfia Limestone of Oberrödinghausen (Early Carboniferous; Rhenish Mountains, Germany). European Journal of Taxonomy 882: 1-230, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2023.882.2177, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2023.882.2177
03EA5C14CA8E85C1FD8FF8F4FC45876C.text	03EA5C14CA8E85C1FD8FF8F4FC45876C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Zadelsdorfia crassa (Schmidt 1924)	<div><p>Zadelsdorfia crassa (Schmidt, 1924)</p><p>Figs 80–85; Tables 78–79</p><p>Gattendorfia crassa Schmidt, 1924: 151, pl. 8 figs 9–11.</p><p>Gattendorfia crassa – Schmidt 1925: 535, pl. 19 fig. 9. — Librovitch 1940: pl. 4 fig. 4. — Pfeiffer 1954: 100, pl. 7 fig. 3. — Vöhringer 1960; 154, pl. 4 figs 1–4, pl. 5 fig. 8, text-figs 30, 36. — Weyer 1965: 447, pl. 7 fig. 1. — Popov 1975: 115, pl. 36 fig. 9, pl. 46 fig. 8. — Bartzsch &amp; Weyer 1982: 21, text-fig. 6. — House 1985a: 126, pl. 6.7.14 fig. c. — Bartzsch &amp; Weyer 1986: pl. 2 fig. 3. — Korn 1994: 73, text-figs 66b–c, 67b, 68a, 69a–d; 2006: text-fig 3k. — Dzik 1997: 107, text-fig. 28g. — Kullmann 2000: text-fig. 4k. — Sprey 2002: 53, text-fig. 18e. — Korn &amp; Vöhringer 2004: 426, text-figs 3–4, 6.</p><p>non Gattendorfia crassa – Librovitch 1940: 45, pl. 4 figs 1–3. — Schindewolf 1952: 296, pl. 2 fig. 5. — Bockwinkel &amp; Ebbighausen 2006: 109, text-figs 26, 27g –j.</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Species of Zadelsdorfia with a conch reaching 70 mm diameter. Conch at 5 mm dm thinly discoidal, very evolute (ww/dm = 0.35–0.45; uw/dm = 0.60–0.65); at 15 mm dm thickly discoidal to thinly pachyconic, evolute (ww/dm = 0.55–0.65; uw/dm = 0.45–0.55); at 40 mm dm thickly discoidal to thinly pachyconic, subinvolute (ww/dm = 0.55–0.65; uw/dm ~0.20–0.30). Whorl profile in the juvenile stage depressed oval, at 40 mm dm weakly depressed (ww/wh = 1.20–1.50); coiling rate low to moderately high (WER = 1.60–1.80). Venter flattened in the juvenile stage, umbilical margin subangular in the adult stage. Growth lines lamellar, wide-standing, with convex course. Faint constrictions on the shell surface and prominent internal shell thickenings. Suture line with lanceolate, weakly pouched external lobe and V-shaped adventive lobe.</p><p>Material examined</p><p>Holotype</p><p>GERMANY • Rhenish Mountains, Oberrödinghausen, railway cutting; Hangenberg Limestone; Schmidt Coll.; illustrated by Schmidt (1924: pl. 8 figs 9–11), Korn &amp; Vöhringer (2004: text-fig. 3) and Korn (2006: text-fig. 3k); re-illustrated here in Fig. 80; BGR X5714.</p><p>Additional material</p><p>GERMANY • 9 specimens; Rhenish Mountains, Oberrödinghausen, railway cutting; Hangenberg Limestone, bed 2; Vöhringer Coll.; GPIT-PV-63924, GPIT-PV-63944–GPIT-PV-63945, GPIT-PV-63947, GPIT-PV-63953–GPIT-PV-63957 • 30 specimens; Rhenish Mountains, Oberrödinghausen, railway cutting; Hangenberg Limestone, bed 2; Vöhringer Coll.; MB.C.5346–MB.C.5358, MB.C.31166.1– 17 • 2 specimens; Rhenish Mountains, Oberrödinghausen, railway cutting; Hangenberg Limestone, bed 3b; Vöhringer Coll.; MB.C.31167.1–2 • 1 specimen; Rhenish Mountains, Oberrödinghausen, railway cutting; Hangenberg Limestone, loose material; Vöhringer Coll.; MB.C.31168 • 3 specimens; Rhenish Mountains, Oberrödinghausen, railway cutting; Hangenberg Limestone, loose material; Korn 1977 Coll.; MB.C.31169.1–3 • 1 specimen; Rhenish Mountains, Oberrödinghausen, railway cutting; Hangenberg Limestone, bed 2; Weyer 1993–1994 Coll.; MB.C.31170 • 1 specimen; Rhenish Mountains, Oberrödinghausen, railway cutting; Hangenberg Limestone, bed 2 a; Weyer 1993–1994 Coll.; MB.C.31171 • 1 specimen; Rhenish Mountains, Oberrödinghausen, railway cutting; Hangenberg Limestone, bed 3b; Weyer 1993–1994 Coll.; MB.C.31172 • 1 specimen; Rhenish Mountains, Oberrödinghausen, road cutting; Hangenberg Limestone, bed 3b; Korn &amp; Weyer 2000 Coll.; MB.C.31173.</p><p>Description</p><p>Holotype BGRB X5714 is a slightly deformed specimen with 45 mm conch diameter (Fig. 80) that has fallen apart; however, several pieces of the inner whorls show the characteristic conch and ornamental features of the species. At a diameter of 45 mm, the conch is thinly pachyconic (ww/dm ~0.68 after correction of deformation) and thus belongs to the stouter specimens within the species. The umbilicus is moderately narrow (uw/dm ~0.27); the umbilical margin is subangular and separates the broadly rounded flanks from the steep, slightly flattened umbilical wall. The shell surface bears lamellar, irregularly distributed, sharp growth lines on the flanks with a convex, backwardly directed course. They form a broadly V-shaped ventral sinus. One narrow shell constriction can be seen; it largely follows the course of the growth lines and is present on flanks and venter.</p><p>The four specimens GPIT-PV-63953, GPIT-PV-63955, GPIT-PV-63957 and GPIT-PV-63947 give an insight into the conch morphology and intraspecific variation between 30 and 57 mm conch diameter (Fig. 81). These specimens show the differences in the width ratio of the conch, in the expression of the growth lines and the constrictions. Specimen GPIT-PV-63953 is most similar to the holotype with regard to the ornament. It has only two constrictions on the last whorl; the first begins on the inner half of the flank and is clearly less pronounced on the shell surface than on the internal mould. The second constriction follows 90 degrees later and is restricted to the venter (Fig. 81A).</p><p>The two smaller specimens MB.C.31169.2 (18.8 mm dm; Fig. 83B) and MB.C.31169.1 (23 mm dm; Fig. 83A) demonstrate the variation in the ontogenetic conch development within the species, as outlined by Korn &amp; Vöhringer (2004). The uw/dm ratio is, at 18.8 mm dm, ~ 0.51 in specimen MB.C.31169.2 but only ~0.40, at 23 mm dm, in specimen MB.C.31169.1, meaning that the latter specimen had a slightly faster ontogenetic development and passed through the evolute stage at a smaller conch diameter. Both specimens show lamellar growth lines with backwardly directed course and shell constrictions of variable strength; they follow the course of the growth lines.</p><p>The extensive material with a total of 17 cross sections (Figs 84A–B, 85) allows a detailed study of conch ontogeny and intraspecific variation (Korn &amp; Vöhringer 2004). The trajectories of the individual conch parameters show the following characteristics:</p><p>The ontogenetic trajectories of the ww/dm ratio show a triphasic development (Fig. 84E). They describe a rapid decrease in the value to ~0.35 at 5 mm conch diameter, then increasing again to an average value of ~0.70 at 25 mm dm and finally decreasing again to ~0.55 at 55 mm dm. The variation is about the same in all stages of growth.</p><p>The uw/dm ratio undergoes striking ontogenetic changes, which can be seen in the illustrations of the cross-sections (Fig. 84E). In the early stages, the umbilicus has a width of ~0.30 of the conch diameter. Up to a diameter of about 3.5 mm, a continuous increase can be observed; between 3.5 and 9 mm diameter, the median value of the uw/dm ratio is greater than 0.60. Specimens larger than 9 mm then show a relatively steady decrease, so that at 40 mm diameter, the umbilicus has a width of only ~0.20 of the conch diameter. This value shows little intraspecific variation; the variation is greatest at the stage between 3 and 15 mm.</p><p>The ww/wh diagram clearly shows ontogenetic changes in the shape of the whorl profile. After an initial decline, a minimum value (~1.65) is reached at a conch diameter of 2.5 mm. Between 2.5 and 10 mm diameter there is a continuous increase to a median value of ~2.00, while for diameters greater than 15 mm there is a marked decrease to about 1.20 at 40 mm diameter (Fig. 84F). The intraspecific variation is not particularly high at any growth stage. As for the uw/dm ratio, the middle stages, between 7 and 20 mm diameter of the conch, are less variable than for the early juveniles and adults.</p><p>During ontogenetic development, the coiling rate (WER) shows only slight fluctuations (Fig. 84G). The coiling rate has highest values in the early juvenile stage at a conch diameter up to 2 mm (median value 1.70–1.80). During early ontogeny, this value decreases to less than 1.50 at stages between 5 and 8 mm diameter, and increases again at the adult stage, reaching a value of ~1.75 at 40 mm conch diameter. The intraspecific variation is relatively low at all growth stages. In the intermediate stages between 4 and 16 mm conch diameter, there is a tendency towards slightly lower variation, but the differences between the growth stages are inconspicuous.</p><p>Remarks</p><p>Material from the type locality was described in detail by Vöhringer (1960) and in greater detail by Korn &amp; Vöhringer (2004). Thanks to the many well-preserved specimens available, Zadelsdorfia crassa is a well-known species and can be characterised by the morphology and ontogenetic development of the conch.</p><p>Zadelsdorfia crassa belongs to the stout, in the adult stage rather narrowly umbilicate species of the subfamily Gattendorfiinae and is thus easily distinguishable from most of the other species. Species with stout conch are G. costata (with much wider umbilicus) and Z. oblita sp. nov. (with concavo-convex constrictions). Among the species from the Rhenish Mountains, G. corpulenta sp. nov. has the most similar morphology, but possesses short, sharp riblets on the inner flank half. Furthermore, G. corpulenta is stouter at the adult stage (ww/dm ~0.80 at 30 mm dm, but only ~ 0.65 in Z. crassa).</p><p>Zadelsdorfia crassa has been mentioned several times from other regions, but it is not clear whether these specimens actually belong to this species. The following mentions of presumed occurrences of Z. crassa are probably not correct:</p><p>Librovitch (1940): The specimens shown are much too narrowly umbilicate; they have an almost closed umbilicus and are therefore clearly distinguishable from Z. crassa .</p><p>Bockwinkel &amp; Ebbighausen (2006): The specimens are smaller than the type material, for example the largest specimen shown has only 18 mm diameter. At this stage, the Moroccan material is a little more narrowly umbilicate. The same applies to the cross sections shown. The main difference, however, can be seen in the course of the constrictions, which in the Anti-Atlas specimens are straight or extend with a very shallow sinus across the flank and form a shallow ventral sinus.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EA5C14CA8E85C1FD8FF8F4FC45876C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Korn, Dieter;Weyer, Dieter	Korn, Dieter, Weyer, Dieter (2023): The ammonoids from the Gattendorfia Limestone of Oberrödinghausen (Early Carboniferous; Rhenish Mountains, Germany). European Journal of Taxonomy 882: 1-230, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2023.882.2177, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2023.882.2177
03EA5C14CA8785C0FDB9FCAEFD0B8183.text	03EA5C14CA8785C0FDB9FCAEFD0B8183.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Zadelsdorfia oblita Korn & Weyer 2023	<div><p>Zadelsdorfia oblita sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 97D9ABF0-4091-47B6-B631-F2B1DA85452D</p><p>Fig. 86; Table 80</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Species of Zadelsdorfia with a conch reaching 50 mm diameter. Conch at 30 mm dm thinly pachyconic, subinvolute (ww/dm ~0.70; uw/dm ~0.30). Whorl profile in the juvenile stage crescent-shaped, at 30 mm dm moderately depressed (ww/wh ~1.75); coiling rate low (WER ~1.60). Venter broadly rounded, umbilical margin narrowly rounded. Growth lines fine, wide-standing, with concavo-convex course. Weak constrictions on the shell surface and prominent internal shell thickenings; sharp, short ribs and coarse spiral lines on the inner flank.</p><p>Etymology</p><p>From the Latin ‘ oblita ’ = ‘forgotten’; because of the undescribed material in the Vöhringer collection.</p><p>Material examined</p><p>Holotype</p><p>GERMANY • Rhenish Mountains, Oberrödinghausen, railway cutting; Hangenberg Limestone, bed 1; Vöhringer Coll.; illustrated in Fig. 86; MB.C.31174.1.</p><p>Paratypes</p><p>GERMANY • 2 specimens; Rhenish Mountains, Oberrödinghausen, railway cutting; Hangenberg Limestone, bed 1; Vöhringer Coll.; MB.C.31174.2–3 .</p><p>Description</p><p>Holotype MB.C.31174.1 is a specimen that was already sectioned by Vöhringer, but no inner whorls are preserved (Fig. 86). The specimen has a diameter of 33 mm and is thinly pachyconic and subinvolute (ww/dm = 0.69; uw/dm = 0.29) with a rounded umbilical margin, a convex umbilical wall and broadly rounded flanks and venter. The specimen shows moderately well preserved shell remains that appear largely smooth. Weak spiral lines are visible on the flank; they cross the fine, wide-standing growth lines. The shell surface shows a concavo-convex constriction forming a shallow lateral sinus, a distinct ventrolateral projection and a moderately deep ventral sinus.</p><p>Remarks</p><p>Specimens of the new species were placed in Gattendorfia costata by Vöhringer (1960). However, clear differences are present: The holotype of G. costata has a rather wide umbilicus with a uw/dm ratio of 0.44 at 32 mm dm, while in Zadelsdorfia oblita sp. nov. it is only 0.29. Furthermore, G. costata has a pronounced umbilical margin, which is rounded in Z. oblita .</p><p>Zadelsdorfia oblita sp. nov. differs from all other species of the genus known from the Hangenberg limestone of Oberrödinghausen by the combination of a pachyconic conch and internal shell thickenings, which show a distinct concavo-convex course. Another characteristic to distinguish Z. oblita from the other species is the presence of spiral lines.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EA5C14CA8785C0FDB9FCAEFD0B8183	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Korn, Dieter;Weyer, Dieter	Korn, Dieter, Weyer, Dieter (2023): The ammonoids from the Gattendorfia Limestone of Oberrödinghausen (Early Carboniferous; Rhenish Mountains, Germany). European Journal of Taxonomy 882: 1-230, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2023.882.2177, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2023.882.2177
03EA5C14CA8685DFFDB3F9BBFAF98294.text	03EA5C14CA8685DFFDB3F9BBFAF98294.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Zadelsdorfia zana Korn & Weyer 2023	<div><p>Zadelsdorfia zana sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 8ABDDAC1-F889-4E3B-8F43-00DCB44E17CA</p><p>Tables 81–82</p><p>Gattendorfia crassa – Bockwinkel &amp; Ebbighausen 2006: 109, text-figs 26, 27g –j.</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Species of Zadelsdorfia with a thickly discoidal, very evolute conch at 5 mm dm (ww/dm ~0.50; uw/ dm ~0.62); conch at 15 mm dm thinly pachyconic, subevolute (ww/dm ~0.65; uw/dm ~0.35). Whorl profile in the juvenile stage crescent-shaped, at 20 mm dm weakly depressed (ww/wh ~1.45); coiling rate moderately high (WER ~1.85). Venter broadly rounded throughout ontogeny, umbilical margin narrowly rounded in the adult stage. Weak constrictions with concavo-convex course. Suture line with lanceolate, weakly pouched external lobe and lanceolate adventive lobe.</p><p>Etymology</p><p>Acronym for a Zadelsdorfia species from North Africa.</p><p>Material examined</p><p>Holotype</p><p>MOROCCO • Anti-Atlas, Mfis near Taouz, bed 7; Becker Coll.; illustrated byBockwinkel &amp; Ebbighausen (2006: text-fig. 27g –h); MB.C.3832.2.</p><p>Paratypes</p><p>MOROCCO • 7 specimens; Anti-Atlas, Mfis near Taouz, bed 7; Bockwinkel &amp; Ebbighausen Coll.; MB.C.3832.1, MB.C.3832.3 –8 .</p><p>Description</p><p>The species newly described here has been worked on in detail by Bockwinkel &amp; Ebbighausen (2006), so reference can be made here to that description.</p><p>Remarks</p><p>Zadelsdorfia zana sp. nov. resembles Z. crassa, but the ontogenetic transition from the initial serpenticonic stage to the more involute subadult stage occurs at a smaller diameter of the conch (uw/ dm ~0.25 at 20 mm dm) compared to Z. crassa (uw/dm = 0.35–0.45 at 20 mm dm). In addition, G. zana has constrictions, which are straight on the flank, whereas in Z. crassa they are directed backwards.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EA5C14CA8685DFFDB3F9BBFAF98294	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Korn, Dieter;Weyer, Dieter	Korn, Dieter, Weyer, Dieter (2023): The ammonoids from the Gattendorfia Limestone of Oberrödinghausen (Early Carboniferous; Rhenish Mountains, Germany). European Journal of Taxonomy 882: 1-230, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2023.882.2177, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2023.882.2177
03EA5C14CA9885DEFDF6FE99FEC381F4.text	03EA5C14CA9885DEFDF6FE99FEC381F4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Kazakhstania Librovitch 1940	<div><p>Genus Kazakhstania Librovitch, 1940</p><p>Type species</p><p>Gattendorfia (Kazakhstania) karagandaensis Librovitch, 1940: 68; original designation.</p><p>Genus diagnosis</p><p>Genus of the Gattendorfiinae with a small, thinly discoidal to pachyconic conch with low coiling rate (WER = 1.50–1.70); all stages evolute, with depressed whorl profile. Shell surface often with constrictions on the outer flank and venter. Suture line with deep, lanceolate or slightly pouched external lobe, which is much deeper than the adventive lobe.</p><p>Genus composition</p><p>Central Europe (Vöhringer 1960): Gattendorfia evoluta Vöhringer, 1960 .</p><p>North Africa(Bockwinkel &amp; Ebbighausen 2006; Korn et al. 2010b): Kazakhstania nitida Bockwinkel &amp; Ebbighausen, 2006; Kazakhstania inaequalis Korn, Ebbighausen, Bockwinkel, 2010; Kazakhstania kana sp. nov.</p><p>Central Asia (Librovitch 1940; Kusina &amp; Lazarev 1994; Ruan 1995): Gattendorfia (Kazakhstania) depressa Librovitch, 1940; Gattendorfia (Kazakhstania) karagandaensis Librovitch, 1940; Kazakhstania mongolica Kusina in Kusina &amp; Lazarev, 1994; Gattendorfia (Kazakhstania) compressa Ruan, 1995; Gattendorfia (Kazakhstania) cuneata Ruan, 1995; Gattendorfia (Kazakhstania) umbilicata Ruan, 1995 .</p><p>North America (Morton 1836; Miller &amp; Garner 1955; Work &amp; Mason 2005): Kazakhstania americana Miller &amp; Garner, 1955; Ammonites colubrellus Morton, 1836; Kazakhstania mangeri Work &amp; Mason, 2005 .</p><p>Remarks</p><p>Kazakhstania is easily distinguished from the other genera of the subfamily Gattendorfiinae because of the very wide umbilicus and the depressed whorl profile in all ontogenetic stages. Another distinguishing criterion is the very deep external lobe, which is usually one and a half to two times as deep as the adventive lobe.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EA5C14CA9885DEFDF6FE99FEC381F4	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Korn, Dieter;Weyer, Dieter	Korn, Dieter, Weyer, Dieter (2023): The ammonoids from the Gattendorfia Limestone of Oberrödinghausen (Early Carboniferous; Rhenish Mountains, Germany). European Journal of Taxonomy 882: 1-230, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2023.882.2177, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2023.882.2177
03EA5C14CA9885DDFDE4FA49FECF81FE.text	03EA5C14CA9885DDFDE4FA49FECF81FE.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Kazakhstania evoluta (Vohringer 1960)	<div><p>Kazakhstania evoluta (Vöhringer, 1960)</p><p>Figs 10E, 87–88; Tables 83–84</p><p>Gattendorfia evoluta Vöhringer, 1960: 159, pl. 5 fig. 4.</p><p>Gattendorfia evoluta – Korn 1994: 74, text-figs 65i, 66l, 67h, 68f. — Sprey 2002, pl. 4 fig. 3.</p><p>non Gattendorfia evoluta – Bockwinkel &amp; Ebbighausen 2006: 112, text-figs 29, 30e –h.</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Species of Kazakhstania with a conch reaching 30 mm diameter. Conch at 15 mm dm thinly discoidal, very evolute (ww/dm ~0.40; uw/dm ~0.65). Whorl profile at 15 mm dm moderately depressed (ww/wh ~1.80); coiling rate very low (WER ~1.48). Venter weakly flattened. Growth lines very fine, narrow-standing, with convex course. Without constrictions on the shell surface. Suture line with very narrowly lanceolate external lobe.</p><p>Material examined</p><p>Holotype</p><p>GERMANY • Rhenish Mountains, Oberrödinghausen, railway cutting; Hangenberg Limestone, loose material; Vöhringer Coll.; illustrated by Vöhringer (1960: pl. 5 fig. 4), Korn (1994: text-fig. 65i) and Sprey (2002: pl. 4 fig. 3); re-illustrated here in Fig. 87; GPIT-PV-63963.</p><p>Paratype</p><p>GERMANY • Rhenish Mountains, Oberrödinghausen, railway cutting; Hangenberg Limestone, bed 2; Vöhringer Coll.; GPIT-PV-63965 .</p><p>Additional material</p><p>GERMANY • 2 specimens; Rhenish Mountains, Oese, old quarry; Hangenberg Limestone, bed 30; Weyer &amp; Korn 2000 Coll.; MB.C.5258.1, MB.C.5258.6 .</p><p>Description</p><p>Holotype GPIT-PV-63963 is a moderately well-preserved specimen with 23 mm conch diameter (Fig. 87). It displays the characteristic conch geometry with a very wide umbilicus (uw/dm = 0.63) and a depressed rectangular whorl profile (ww/wh = 1.88) with a flattened venter and uniformly convex flanks. Shell remains are present in some places; they show very fine growth lines, standing approximately 0.2 mm apart. They are clearly directed backwards from the umbilicus and form a broad ventral sinus (Fig. 88C). The suture line has a very narrow, lanceolate external lobe (Fig. 88B).</p><p>The sectioned paratype GPIT-PV-63965 shows only minor ontogenetic changes in conch geometry up to a conch diameter of 14 mm (Fig. 88A). The whorl profile of all whorls larger than 4 mm conch diameter is rounded trapezoidal with a flattened venter. The ontogenetic trajectories are monophasic (Fig. 88D– F); the umbilical width increases slightly in early ontogeny and remains at a very high value above 0.60 from a conch diameter of 5 mm.</p><p>Remarks</p><p>Kazakhstania evoluta can be distinguished from almost all other species of the genus by the absence of constrictions. Similar in this respect is only E. kana sp. nov. from the Anti-Atlas of Morocco; this species, however, has a pouched external lobe that is about twice as wide and is thus clearly different from K. evoluta .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EA5C14CA9885DDFDE4FA49FECF81FE	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Korn, Dieter;Weyer, Dieter	Korn, Dieter, Weyer, Dieter (2023): The ammonoids from the Gattendorfia Limestone of Oberrödinghausen (Early Carboniferous; Rhenish Mountains, Germany). European Journal of Taxonomy 882: 1-230, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2023.882.2177, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2023.882.2177
03EA5C14CA9D85DBFDBBFE98FD8B8384.text	03EA5C14CA9D85DBFDBBFE98FD8B8384.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Kazakhstania kana Korn & Weyer 2023	<div><p>Kazakhstania kana sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: A5012412-0C69-480F-AA08-75059935B6D3</p><p>Tables 85–86</p><p>Gattendorfia evoluta – Bockwinkel &amp; Ebbighausen 2006: 112, text-figs 29, 30e –h.</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Species of Kazakhstania with a conch reaching 20 mm diameter. Conch at 10 mm dm thinly discoidal, extremely evolute (ww/dm ~0.40; uw/dm ~0.65). Whorl profile at 10 mm dm strongly depressed (ww/ wh ~2.25); coiling rate very low (WER ~1.48). Venter flattened. Without constrictions on the shell surface. Suture line with very narrowly lanceolate external lobe.</p><p>Material examined</p><p>Holotype</p><p>MOROCCO • Anti-Atlas, Mfis near Taouz, bed 7; Bockwinkel &amp; Ebbighausen Coll.; illustrated by Bockwinkel &amp; Ebbighausen (2006: text-fig. 30e–f); MB.C.3820.1.</p><p>Paratypes</p><p>MOROCCO • 7 specimens; Anti-Atlas, Mfis near Taouz, bed 7; Bockwinkel &amp; Ebbighausen Coll.; MB.C.3820.2–MB.C.3820.8 .</p><p>Etymology</p><p>An acronym for a Kazakhstania species from North Africa.</p><p>Description</p><p>The species newly described here has been worked on in detail by Bockwinkel &amp; Ebbighausen (2006), so reference can be made here to that description.</p><p>Remarks</p><p>Kazakhstania kana sp. nov. resembles K. evoluta, but differs in the broader, pouched external lobe, which is lanceolate and very narrow in K. evoluta . The other species of the genus have constrictions and are thus separated from K. kana .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EA5C14CA9D85DBFDBBFE98FD8B8384	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Korn, Dieter;Weyer, Dieter	Korn, Dieter, Weyer, Dieter (2023): The ammonoids from the Gattendorfia Limestone of Oberrödinghausen (Early Carboniferous; Rhenish Mountains, Germany). European Journal of Taxonomy 882: 1-230, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2023.882.2177, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2023.882.2177
03EA5C14CA9C85DAFD9DFE99FB418040.text	03EA5C14CA9C85DAFD9DFE99FB418040.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Gattenpleura Weyer 1976	<div><p>Genus Gattenpleura Weyer, 1976</p><p>Type species</p><p>Gattenpleura bartzschi Weyer, 1976: 846; original designation.</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Genus of the Gattendorfiinae with a discoidal conch with low coiling rate (WER = 1.50–1.75); inner whorls subevolute or evolute, adult stage subinvolute to subevolute. Whorl profile with a depression on the inner flank, umbilical margin raised. Ornament with convex or slightly biconvex, rursiradiate growth lines, shell with or without constrictions. Some species with shallow radial riblets. Suture line with deep, lanceolate or narrowly V-shaped external lobe (as deep as the adventive lobe).</p><p>Genus composition</p><p>Gattenpleura bartzschi Weyer, 1976; Gattenpleura pfeifferi Weyer, 1976; Gattendorfia concava Vöhringer, 1960 .</p><p>Remarks</p><p>Gattenpleura was established by Weyer (1976) for forms that differ from Gattendorfia in two characters, namely the dorsolateral groove and the presence of riblet-like, splitting radial folds on the shell. Here, we change this original definition in such a way that the dorsolateral groove is regarded as a key distinguishing character from Gattendorfia and especially from Weyerella . This means that “ Gattendorfia concava ” is also assigned to Gattenpleura . Weyer (1976) had already pointed out the close relationship; according to this, “ Gattendorfia concava ” should be an almost direct ancestor of “ Gattendorfia molaris ”.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EA5C14CA9C85DAFD9DFE99FB418040	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Korn, Dieter;Weyer, Dieter	Korn, Dieter, Weyer, Dieter (2023): The ammonoids from the Gattendorfia Limestone of Oberrödinghausen (Early Carboniferous; Rhenish Mountains, Germany). European Journal of Taxonomy 882: 1-230, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2023.882.2177, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2023.882.2177
03EA5C14CA9C85D8FE2CFBFAFB4180B3.text	03EA5C14CA9C85D8FE2CFBFAFB4180B3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Gattenpleura concava (Vohringer 1960) Korn & Weyer 2023	<div><p>Gattenpleura concava (Vöhringer, 1960) comb. nov.</p><p>Figs 10C, 89–90; Tables 87–88</p><p>Gattendorfia concava Vöhringer, 1960: 157, pl. 5 fig. 2, text-fig. 32.</p><p>Gattendorfia concava – Korn 1994: 74, text-figs 65d, 66k, 67f. — Kullmann 2000: text-fig. 4l; 2009: text-fig. 3.6c. — Korn &amp; Weyer 2003: 100, pl. 2 figs 16–17.</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Species of Gattenpleura with a conch reaching 30 mm diameter. Conch at 15 mm dm thickly discoidal, subinvolute (ww/dm ~0.48; uw/dm ~0.22). Whorl profile at 15 mm dm weakly compressed (ww/wh ~0.95); coiling rate low (WER ~1.70). Venter rounded, umbilical margin raised and narrowly rounded, accompanied by a dorsolateral spiral groove. Growth lines very fine, narrow-standing, with convex course. With shallow constrictions on the shell surface; with weak internal shell thickenings. Suture line with narrowly lanceolate external lobe and V-shaped adventive lobe.</p><p>Material examined</p><p>Holotype</p><p>GERMANY • Rhenish Mountains, Oberrödinghausen, railway cutting; Hangenberg Limestone, bed 4; Vöhringer Coll.; illustrated by Vöhringer (1960: pl. 5 fig. 2) and Korn (1994: text-fig. 65d); re-illustrated here in Fig. 89; GPIT-PV-63926.</p><p>Paratype</p><p>GERMANY • Rhenish Mountains, Oberrödinghausen, railway cutting; Hangenberg Limestone, bed 4; Vöhringer Coll.; GPIT-PV-63920 .</p><p>Additional material</p><p>GERMANY • 1 specimen; Rhenish Mountains, Oberrödinghausen, railway cutting; Hangenberg Limestone, bed 3c; Vöhringer Coll.; MB.C.31175 • 1 specimen; Rhenish Mountains, Oberrödinghausen, railway cutting; Hangenberg Limestone, bed 3e; Vöhringer Coll.; MB.C.31176 • 1 specimen; Rhenish Mountains, Oberrödinghausen, railway cutting; Hangenberg Limestone, bed 3a; Weyer 1993–1994 Coll.; MB.C.31177 • 1 specimen; Rhenish Mountains, Oese, old quarry; Hangenberg Limestone, bed 28; Weyer &amp; Korn 2000 Coll.; MB.C.5260.1.</p><p>Description</p><p>Holotype GPIT-PV-63926 is a moderately well-preserved specimen with 19 mm conch diameter (Fig. 89). The conch is thinly discoidal and involute (ww/dm ~0.42; uw/dm ~0.10) with a moderate coiling rate (WER = 1.75). The whorl profile is characteristic with a slightly raised umbilical margin, which is accompanied on the flank by a shallow spiral groove; the venter is broadly rounded. The shell ornament consists of delicate growth lines with convex course.</p><p>The sectioned paratype GPIT-PV-63920 provides a view into the conch ontogeny between 2.5 and 18 mm diameter (Fig. 90A). In this interval, the whorl profile changes from originally crescent-shaped to circular to slightly compressed. The dorsolateral groove is formed at about 12 mm conch diameter. The suture line of the paratype has a lanceolate external lobe, inverted U-shaped ventrolateral saddle and a V-shaped adventive lobe with slightly convex flanks (Fig. 90B).</p><p>Remarks</p><p>Gattenpleura concava differs from the other species of the genus by the lack of radial folds.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EA5C14CA9C85D8FE2CFBFAFB4180B3	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Korn, Dieter;Weyer, Dieter	Korn, Dieter, Weyer, Dieter (2023): The ammonoids from the Gattendorfia Limestone of Oberrödinghausen (Early Carboniferous; Rhenish Mountains, Germany). European Journal of Taxonomy 882: 1-230, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2023.882.2177, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2023.882.2177
03EA5C14CA9E85D7FE26FA95FB0B871B.text	03EA5C14CA9E85D7FE26FA95FB0B871B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Weyerella Bockwinkel & Ebbighausen 2006	<div><p>Genus Weyerella Bockwinkel &amp; Ebbighausen, 2006</p><p>Type species</p><p>Weyerella protecta Bockwinkel &amp; Ebbighausen, 2006: 117; original designation.</p><p>Genus diagnosis</p><p>Genus of the Gattendorfiinae with a small, thinly discoidal to pachyconic conch with low coiling rate (WER = 1.50–1.75); inner whorls evolute, adult stage subinvolute or subevolute, sometimes strongly overlapping the umbilicus. Ornament with fine to coarse, convex or slightly biconvex, rursiradiate growth lines, shell surface often with constrictions. Suture line with deep, lanceolate or V-shaped external lobe that is as deep as the adventive lobe.</p><p>Genus composition</p><p>Central Europe (Vöhringer 1960): Gattendorfia molaris Vöhringer, 1960; Gattendorfia reticulum Vöhringer, 1960; Weyerella lenis sp. nov.</p><p>North Africa(Bockwinkel &amp; Ebbighausen 2006): Weyerella protecta Bockwinkel &amp; Ebbighausen, 2006; Weyerella minor Bockwinkel &amp; Ebbighausen, 2006 .</p><p>NW China (Sheng 1984; Liang &amp; Wang 1991; Ruan 1995): Gattendorfia parapplanata Sheng, 1984; Gattendorfia angularia Liang &amp; Wang, 1991; Gattendorfia acricula Ruan, 1995; Gattendorfia artilobata Ruan, 1995; Gattendorfia compressa Ruan, 1995; Gattendorfia hoboksarica Ruan, 1995; Gattendorfia lanceolata Ruan, 1995; Gattendorfia latalobata Ruan, 1995; Gattendorfia umbilicata Ruan, 1995; Gattendorfia cuneata Ruan, 1995 .</p><p>South China (Ruan 1981): Gattendorfia discoides Ruan, 1981; Gattendorfia mimica Ruan, 1981; Gattendorfia popanoides Ruan, 1981 .</p><p>Remarks</p><p>Weyerella is easily distinguished from the genus Gattendorfia by its small conch, which has a maximum diameter of about 30 mm, whereas specimensof Gattendorfia can reach 80 mm or more. Another difference is the simpler ontogeny of the conch in Weyerella, where the distinct phases, for instance seen in Gattendorfia schmidti sp. nov., are not developed. In Weyerella, the ww/dm and ww/wh trajectories are nearly monophasic with an almost continuous decrease.</p><p>On the one hand, Weyerella may be seen as the phylogenetic descendant of Gattenpleura with G. concava that develops a dorsolateral groove but does not possess the radial ribs of the other Gattenpleura species, being the intermediate form. Weyerella can, on the other hand, be seen as the ancestor of Paprothites, which has a conch morphology similar to Weyerella but possesses well-developed ribs.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EA5C14CA9E85D7FE26FA95FB0B871B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Korn, Dieter;Weyer, Dieter	Korn, Dieter, Weyer, Dieter (2023): The ammonoids from the Gattendorfia Limestone of Oberrödinghausen (Early Carboniferous; Rhenish Mountains, Germany). European Journal of Taxonomy 882: 1-230, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2023.882.2177, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2023.882.2177
03EA5C14CA9185D4FDF1FC23FAEF8385.text	03EA5C14CA9185D4FDF1FC23FAEF8385.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Weyerella molaris (Vohringer 1960)	<div><p>Weyerella molaris (Vöhringer, 1960)</p><p>Figs 8B, 10D, 91–93; Tables 89–90</p><p>Gattendorfia molaris Vöhringer, 1960: 158, pl. 5 fig. 1, text-fig. 33.</p><p>Gattendorfia molaris – Weyer 1976: 845, text-fig. 5. — Korn 1994: 74, text-figs 65e–g, 66i–j, 67e, 68d.</p><p>— Korn &amp; Weyer 2003: 96, pl. 1 figs 13–14, pl. 2 figs 18–19. — Sprey 2002: 53, text-fig. 18d. Weyerella molaris – Korn 2006: text-fig. 3h.</p><p>non Gattendorfia molaris – Ruan 1981: 83, pl. 20 figs 1–26. — Sheng 1989: 116, pl. 34 figs 3–5.</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Species of Weyerella with a conch reaching 30 mm diameter. Conch at 15 mm dm thickly discoidal, subevolute (ww/dm ~0.50; uw/dm ~0.40). Whorl profile at 15 mm dm weakly depressed (ww/wh ~1.35); coiling rate low (WER ~1.70). Venter rounded, umbilical margin narrowly rounded. Growth lines fine, wide-standing, with convex course. With moderately deep constrictions on the shell surface; with moderately coarse internal shell thickenings. Suture line with narrowly lanceolate external lobe and lanceolate adventive lobe.</p><p>Material examined</p><p>Holotype</p><p>GERMANY • Rhenish Mountains, Oberrödinghausen, railway cutting; Hangenberg Limestone, bed 3c; Vöhringer Coll.; illustrated by Vöhringer (1960: pl. 5 fig. 1) and Korn (1994: text-fig. 65e); re-illustrated here in Fig. 91A; GPIT-PV-63930.</p><p>Paratypes</p><p>GERMANY • 6 specimens; Rhenish Mountains, Oberrödinghausen, railway cutting; Hangenberg Limestone, bed 2; Vöhringer Coll.; GPIT-PV-63928–GPIT-PV-63929, GPIT-PV-63931, GPIT- PV-63960–GPIT-PV-63961, GPIT-PV-64003 .</p><p>Additional material</p><p>GERMANY • 1 specimen; Rhenish Mountains, Oberrödinghausen, railway cutting; Hangenberg Limestone; Schmidt 1921 Coll.; BGR X4643 • 1 specimen; Rhenish Mountains, Oberrödinghausen, railway cutting; Hangenberg Limestone; Schindewolf 1925 Coll.; MB.C.4687 • 3 specimens; Rhenish Mountains, Oberrödinghausen, railway cutting; Hangenberg Limestone, bed 1; Vöhringer Coll.; MB.C.31178.1–3 • 2 specimens; Rhenish Mountains, Oberrödinghausen, railway cutting; Hangenberg Limestone, bed 2; Vöhringer Coll.; MB.C.31179.1–2 • 2 specimens; Rhenish Mountains, Oberrödinghausen, railway cutting; Hangenberg Limestone, bed 3b; Vöhringer Coll.; MB.C.31180.1–2 • 2 specimens; Rhenish Mountains, Oberrödinghausen, railway cutting; Hangenberg Limestone, bed 3c; Vöhringer Coll.;MB.C.31181.1–2 • 3specimens; Rhenish Mountains, Oberrödinghausen, railway cutting; Hangenberg Limestone, bed 3d; Vöhringer Coll.; MB.C.31182.1–3 • 2 specimens; Rhenish Mountains, Oberrödinghausen, railway cutting; Hangenberg Limestone, bed 3e; Vöhringer Coll.; MB.C.31183.1–2 • 1 specimen; Rhenish Mountains, Oberrödinghausen, west of railway cutting; Hangenberg Limestone, loose material; Korn 1977 Coll.; MB.C.31184 • 1 specimen; Rhenish Mountains, Oberrödinghausen, railway cutting; Hangenberg Limestone, bed 2; Weyer 1993–1994 Coll.; MB.C.31185 • 2 specimens; Rhenish Mountains, Oberrödinghausen, railway cutting; Hangenberg Limestone, bed 3a; Weyer 1993– 1994 Coll.; MB.C.31186.1–2 • 2 specimens; Rhenish Mountains, Oberrödinghausen, railway cutting; Hangenberg Limestone, bed 3b; Weyer 1993–1994 Coll.; MB.C.31187.1–2 • 23 specimens; Rhenish Mountains, Oberrödinghausen, railway cutting; Hangenberg Limestone, bed 3d1; Weyer 1993–1994 Coll.; MB.C.31188.1–23 • 41 specimens; Rhenish Mountains, Oberrödinghausen, railway cutting; Hangenberg Limestone, bed 3d1b; Weyer 1993–1994 Coll.; MB.C.31189.1–41 • 13 specimens; Rhenish Mountains, Oberrödinghausen, railway cutting; Hangenberg Limestone, bed 3d2; Weyer 1993–1994 Coll.; MB.C.31190.1–13 • 15 specimens; Rhenish Mountains, Oberrödinghausen, railway cutting; Hangenberg Limestone, bed 3e; Weyer 1993–1994 Coll.; MB.C.31191.1–15 • 9 specimens; Rhenish Mountains, Hasselbachtal; Hangenberg Limestone, bed 57; Weyer 1993–1994 Coll.; MB.C.5240.8, MB.C.5240.21–28 • 1 specimen; Rhenish Mountains, Oese, old quarry; Hangenberg Limestone, bed 28; Weyer &amp; Korn 2000 Coll.; MB.C.5260.2 • 1 specimen; Rhenish Mountains, Oese, old quarry; bed interval V; Paproth Coll.; MB.C.5284 .</p><p>Description</p><p>Holotype GPIT-PV-63930 is a fairly well-preserved specimen almost completely covered with shell material; it has a conch diameter of almost 20 mm (Fig. 91A). It is thinly discoidal and subinvolute (ww/ dm = 0.40; uw/dm = 0.29) with a low coiling rate (WER = 1.70). The whorl profile is almost circular. It can be clearly seen that during the last whorl there is increasing overlap upon the preceding whorl; therefore, the uw/dm ratio decreases considerably within a short growth interval. The ornament consists of fine growth lines, with a convex arch on the flank and extend in backward direction, to form a deep ventral sinus (Fig. 93I). In addition, very weak constrictions can be seen on the shell surface; they are restricted to the middle of the flank.</p><p>Paratype GPIT-PV-63928 (Fig. 91B) has almost the same size (19 mm conch diameter), but differs from the holotype in the shape of wider umbilicus (uw/dm = 0.34). It differs from the holotype probably owing to a longer pre-adult ontogenetic stage. While the holotype has just reached the stage in which the umbilical width is being reduced by increasing overlap the uw/dm ratio is reduced when compared with paratype GPIT-PV-63928. Both specimens are very similar in their strongly convex course of the growth lines and the presence of shell constrictions.</p><p>Paratype GPIT-PV-63960 with about 22 mm conch diameter also shows a strong umbilical overlap upon the preceding whorl (Fig. 91C). The specimen allows an insight into the course of internal shell thickening in the adult stage. This course is almost linear and slightly biconvex, in contrast to the growth lines, which run with a convex curve (Fig. 93J).</p><p>Many additional, well-preserved specimens are available. Two of them (MB.C.31189.1, MB.C.31190.1) are illustrated here (Fig. 92); they supplement the material from the type series and show largely the same morphological characters.</p><p>The suture line of paratype GPIT-PV-63961 shows a lanceolate external lobe and an almost identically shaped, approximately symmetrical adventive lobe. Both are separated by a nearly symmetrical, inverted U-shaped ventrolateral saddle (Fig. 93H).</p><p>A series of sectioned specimens (Fig. 93A–G) shows the variation of the species in terms of the different pace in the ontogenetic development of their conch morphology. In specimen BGR X4643 (Fig. 93A) a stronger overlap of the umbilicus with a conch diameter of 19 mm is not yet recognisable; however, half a volution later, at 22 mm in diameter, the overlap is very prominent and a shallow dorsolateral depression can be recognised.</p><p>Paratype GPIT-PV-63961 (Fig. 93B) and specimen MB.C.31179.1 (Fig. 93C) already show an incipient flattening of the whorl profile in the dorsolateral area at a conch diameter of 18 mm and a beginning of a stronger overlap upon the umbilicus. In contrast to this, in the specimens MB.C.31181.1 (Fig. 93D) and MB.C.31181.2 (Fig. 93F), such a tendency is not yet recognisable at all at a conch diameter of 15 mm.</p><p>Remarks</p><p>Weyerella molaris differs from W. reticulum in the absence of spiral lines. Weyerella lenis has a much more slender conch (ww/dm ~0.32 at 15 mm conch diameter in contrast to W. molaris with 0.50).</p><p>Species with similar conch morphology of the genus described from Guizhou have either a broader conch ( W. discoides with ww/dm ~0.60) or a more slender conch ( W. popanoides and W. mimica with ww/dm ~0.40) than W. molaris (ww/dm ~0.50). The material described by Ruan (1981) as W. molaris differs by the narrower umbilicus (uw/dm ~0.30) from the type material (uw/dm ~0.40) at 15 mm conch diameter. Therefore, it cannot be placed in this species.</p><p>Weyerella protecta from the Anti-Atlas is similar, but shows a narrowing of the umbilicus starting at a larger diameter. At 20 mm conch diameter, the uw/dm ratio is about 0.30 in W. molaris, but still about 0.38 in W. protecta .</p><p>Gattenpleura concava has similar juvenile whorls, but closes the umbilicus in the adult stage and possesses a conspicuous dorsolateral groove, which in W. molaris is only very incipiently developed.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EA5C14CA9185D4FDF1FC23FAEF8385	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Korn, Dieter;Weyer, Dieter	Korn, Dieter, Weyer, Dieter (2023): The ammonoids from the Gattendorfia Limestone of Oberrödinghausen (Early Carboniferous; Rhenish Mountains, Germany). European Journal of Taxonomy 882: 1-230, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2023.882.2177, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2023.882.2177
03EA5C14CA9585D1FDFCFA35FAC58693.text	03EA5C14CA9585D1FDFCFA35FAC58693.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Weyerella reticulum (Vohringer 1960)	<div><p>Weyerella reticulum (Vöhringer, 1960)</p><p>Figs 8C, 94–95; Tables 91–92</p><p>Gattendorfia reticulum Vöhringer, 1960: 156, pl. 5 fig. 3, text-fig. 31.</p><p>Gattendorfia reticulum – Korn 1992b: 17, pl. 2 figs 34–35; 1994: 74, text-figs 65h, 67g, 68b. — Schönlaub et al. 1992: pl. 5 figs 34–35. — Korn &amp; Weyer 2003: 100, pl. 2 fig. 5.</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Species of Weyerella with a conch reaching 25 mm diameter. Conch at 15 mm dm thickly discoidal, subevolute (ww/dm ~0.45; uw/dm ~0.42). Whorl profile at 15 mm dm weakly depressed (ww/wh ~1.30); coiling rate low (WER ~1.65). Venter broadly rounded, umbilical margin narrowly rounded. Growth lines coarse, wide-standing, with convex course; ventral sinus very deep. The combination of growth lines with spiral lines cause a reticulate ornament. Without constrictions on the shell surface; without internal shell thickenings. Suture line with narrowly lanceolate, pouched external lobe and very narrow, lanceolate adventive lobe.</p><p>Material examined</p><p>Holotype</p><p>GERMANY • Rhenish Mountains, Oberrödinghausen, railway cutting; Hangenberg Limestone, bed 6; Vöhringer Coll.; illustrated by Vöhringer (1960: pl. 5 fig. 3) and Korn (1994: text-fig. 65h); re-illustrated here in Fig. 94; GPIT-PV-63974.</p><p>Paratypes</p><p>GERMANY • 4 specimens; Rhenish Mountains, Oberrödinghausen, railway cutting; Hangenberg Limestone, bed 5; Vöhringer Coll.; GPIT-PV-63975–GPIT-PV-63976, GPIT-PV-63979, GPIT-PV-63991 .</p><p>Additional material</p><p>GERMANY • 1 specimen; Rhenish Mountains, Hasselbachtal; Hangenberg Limestone, bed 62A; Weyer 1993–1994 Coll.; MB.C.5242.1 .</p><p>Description</p><p>Holotype GPIT-PV-63974 has almost 15 mm conch diameter and is well-preserved and covered with shell remains (Fig. 94). The conch is discoidal and subevolute (ww/dm = 0.46; uw/dm = 0.43) with weakly depressed, continuously rounded whorl profile. The shell surface shows a combination of coarse growth lines, which are directed backwards already on the umbilical wall and flank and form a deep and broad ventral sinus, and spiral lines, which are less prominent than the growth lines. Shell constrictions are not present.</p><p>The suture line of paratype GPIT-PV-63975 is characterised by very narrow lobes (Fig. 95B). The external lobe is lanceolate and weakly pouched; next to it follows the weakly asymmetrical ventrolateral saddle and then the symmetrical, lanceolate adventive lobe, which has almost the same shape as the external lobe.</p><p>The sectioned paratype GPIT-PV-63991 shows only the whorl up to 5.5 mm conch diameter (Fig. 95A). The whorl profile is always crescent-shaped with a slowly decreasing ww/wh ratio from about 2.00 at 2 mm conch diameter to about 1.70 at 5.5 mm dm (Fig. 95E).</p><p>Remarks</p><p>Weyerella reticulum is easily distinguished from the other species of the genus by its reticulate ornament.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EA5C14CA9585D1FDFCFA35FAC58693	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Korn, Dieter;Weyer, Dieter	Korn, Dieter, Weyer, Dieter (2023): The ammonoids from the Gattendorfia Limestone of Oberrödinghausen (Early Carboniferous; Rhenish Mountains, Germany). European Journal of Taxonomy 882: 1-230, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2023.882.2177, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2023.882.2177
03EA5C14CA9785D0FD40F93BFBD280A7.text	03EA5C14CA9785D0FD40F93BFBD280A7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Weyerella lenis Korn & Weyer 2023	<div><p>Weyerella lenis sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 283ADBFB-4091-447B-96E2-859E01547509</p><p>Fig. 96; Tables 93–94</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Species of Weyerella with a conch reaching 25 mm diameter. Conch at 15 mm dm extremely discoidal, subevolute (ww/dm ~0.32; uw/dm ~0.35). Whorl profile at 15 mm dm weakly compressed (ww/wh ~0.85); coiling rate very low (WER ~1.45). Venter continuously rounded, umbilical margin narrowly rounded. Shell nearly smooth; without constrictions on the shell surface.</p><p>Etymology</p><p>From the Latin ‘ lenis ’ = ‘gentle’, referring to the very weak ornament.</p><p>Material examined</p><p>Holotype</p><p>GERMANY • Rhenish Mountains, Oberrödinghausen, railway cutting; Hangenberg Limestone, bed 2a; Weyer 1993–1994 Coll.; illustrated in Fig. 96A; MB.C.31192.</p><p>Paratype</p><p>GERMANY • 1 specimen; Rhenish Mountains, Oberrödinghausen, railway cutting; Hangenberg Limestone, bed 2; Vöhringer Coll.; GPIT-PV-63929 .</p><p>Description</p><p>Holotype MB.C.31192 is an incomplete specimen with approximately 15 mm conch diameter (Fig. 96A). It is thinly discoidal and subevolute (ww/dm = 0.34; uw/dm = 0.36); the whorl profile is weakly compressed (ww/dm = 0.91) with slightly flattened, convergent flanks and a continuously rounded venter. The coiling rate is low (WER = 1.44). The shell surface appears to be completely smooth with the exception of a few barely discernible radial folds that extend backwards on the flank.</p><p>Paratype GPIT-PV-63929 had already been sectioned by Vöhringer, but not illustrated. It allows the study of all whorls up to a conch diameter of 9 mm (Fig. 96B). The whorl profile is kidney-shaped up to 5 mm conch diameter, thereafter it becomes C-shaped with increasing enclosure of the preceding whorl. The aperture is low in all stages; the coiling rate is always close to 1.50.</p><p>Remarks</p><p>Weyerella lenis sp. nov. differs from all the other species of the genus Weyerella in the combination of the very slender conch, the low coiling rate (WER ~1.50) and the smooth shell.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EA5C14CA9785D0FD40F93BFBD280A7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Korn, Dieter;Weyer, Dieter	Korn, Dieter, Weyer, Dieter (2023): The ammonoids from the Gattendorfia Limestone of Oberrödinghausen (Early Carboniferous; Rhenish Mountains, Germany). European Journal of Taxonomy 882: 1-230, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2023.882.2177, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2023.882.2177
03EA5C14CAA985EEFDEFFC0EFBE78504.text	03EA5C14CAA985EEFDEFFC0EFBE78504.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Hasselbachia Korn & Weyer 2003	<div><p>Genus Hasselbachia Korn &amp; Weyer, 2003</p><p>Type species</p><p>Imitoceras multisulcatum Vöhringer, 1960: 141; original designation.</p><p>Genus diagnosis</p><p>Genus of the Gattendorfiinae with a discoidal to pachyconic conch with low coiling rate (WER = 1.50– 1.70); inner whorls subevolute or evolute, umbilicus in the adult stage not completely closed. Ornament usually with coarse, convex or slightly biconvex growth lines. Suture line with deep, V-shaped external lobe (as deep as adventive lobe).</p><p>Genus composition</p><p>Central Europe (Vöhringer 1960): Imitoceras multisulcatum Vöhringer, 1960; Imitoceras gracile Vöhringer, 1960; Hasselbachia erronea sp. nov.</p><p>North Africa (Ebbighausen et al. 2004; Ebbighausen &amp; Bockwinkel 2007): Hasselbachia gourara Ebbighausen, Bockwinkel, Korn &amp; Weyer, 2004; Hasselbachia arca Ebbighausen &amp; Bockwinkel, 2007 .</p><p>Remarks</p><p>Several characters allow a clear separation from the superficially similar species of other genera, such as Paragattendorfia and Stockumites . The low aperture and hence slowly expanding whorls (WER ~ 1.50 in the adult stage) is in contrast to Stockumites, in which this value usually ranges between 1.70 and 1.90. Species of Paragattendorfia have similarly low coiling rates (WER ~1.45), but in Hasselbachia, the umbilicus is wide only in the inner whorls, followed by an incomplete adult closure by a significant overlap of the flanks upon the umbilicus. In Paragattendorfia, the uw/dm ratio is rather constant throughout ontogeny. Hasselbachia is remarkable because it combines characters, which are present in other genera: the low WER as in Mimimitoceras, the continuous opening of the umbilicus in the inner whorls as in Paragattendorfia and closure of the umbilicus is more similar to Stockumites .</p><p>Kullmann (2009) regarded Hasselbachia as probable synonym of the subgenus Acutimitoceras (Stockumites), but the clear distinguishable characters (e.g., the very low coiling rate in Hasselbachia) make such a decision obsolete. Apart from the coiling rate, the different shape of the inner whorls justify the independence of the genus and can be used as an indication for a phylogenetic placement of Hasselbachia in an evolutionary lineage within the subfamily Gattendorfiinae .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EA5C14CAA985EEFDEFFC0EFBE78504	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Korn, Dieter;Weyer, Dieter	Korn, Dieter, Weyer, Dieter (2023): The ammonoids from the Gattendorfia Limestone of Oberrödinghausen (Early Carboniferous; Rhenish Mountains, Germany). European Journal of Taxonomy 882: 1-230, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2023.882.2177, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2023.882.2177
03EA5C14CAA885EBFDC2FE37FE2581A7.text	03EA5C14CAA885EBFDC2FE37FE2581A7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Hasselbachia multisulcata (Vohringer 1960)	<div><p>Hasselbachia multisulcata (Vöhringer, 1960)</p><p>Figs 8D, 97, 98A–D, 99; Tables 95–96</p><p>Imitoceras multisulcatum Vöhringer, 1960: 141, pl. 4 fig. 5, text-fig. 19.</p><p>Imitoceras multisulcatum – Weyer 1976: 841, text-fig. 4.</p><p>Acutimitoceras multisulcatum – Korn 1994: 47, text-figs 49g, l, 50j–k, 51c, 55b.</p><p>Hasselbachia multisulcata – Korn &amp; Weyer 2003: 96, pl. 1 figs 7–8, text-fig. 14e–f. — Korn 2006: text-fig. 3e.</p><p>Acutimitoceras (Stockumites) multisulcatum – Sprey 2002: 52, pl. 4 fig. 5, text-fig. 17f.</p><p>Imitoceras (Imitoceras) multisulcatum – Ruan 1981: 80, pl. 18 figs 5–7, pl. 19 figs 1–13.</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Species of Hasselbachia with a globular and subevolute conch at 5 mm dm (ww/dm = 0.85–0.95; uw/ dm = 0.40–0.45) and a thinly pachyconic and subinvolute conch at 15 mm dm (ww/dm = 0.60–0.65; uw/ dm = 0.15–0.25). Whorl cross section at 15 mm dm weakly depressed (ww/wh = 1.25–1.50); coiling rate very low (WER ~1.45). Flanks strongly convergent. Shell ornament with coarse lamellar growth lines with convex course. Shell and internal mould with numerous short constrictions on the flank.</p><p>Material examined</p><p>Holotype</p><p>GERMANY • Rhenish Mountains, Oberrödinghausen, railway cutting; Hangenberg Limestone, bed 3e; Vöhringer Coll.; illustrated by Vöhringer (1960: pl. 4 fig. 5), Korn (1994: text-fig. 58b) and Korn (2006: text-fig. 3e); re-illustrated here in Fig. 97B; GPIT-PV-63911.</p><p>Paratypes</p><p>GERMANY • 1 specimen; Rhenish Mountains, Oberrödinghausen, railway cutting; Hangenberg Limestone, bed 3d; Vöhringer Coll.; GPIT-PV-63938 • 2 specimens; Rhenish Mountains, Oberrödinghausen, railway cutting; Hangenberg Limestone, bed 3e; Vöhringer Coll.; GPIT-PV-63949, GPIT-PV-64017 • 2 specimens; Rhenish Mountains, Oberrödinghausen, railway cutting; Hangenberg Limestone, bed 4; Vöhringer Coll.; GPIT-PV-63913, GPIT-PV-63915 .</p><p>Additional material</p><p>GERMANY • 2 specimens; Rhenish Mountains, Oberrödinghausen, railway cutting; Hangenberg Limestone, bed 3d1b; Weyer 1993–1994 Coll.; MB.C.31193.1–2 • 3 specimens; Rhenish Mountains, Oberrödinghausen, railway cutting; Hangenberg Limestone, bed 3d2; Weyer 1993–1994 Coll.; MB.C.31194.1–3 • 5 specimens; Rhenish Mountains, Oberrödinghausen, railway cutting; Hangenberg Limestone, bed 3e; Weyer 1993–1994 Coll.; MB.C.31195.1–5 • 4 specimens; Rhenish Mountains, Hasselbachtal; Hangenberg Limestone, bed 57; Weyer 1993–1994 Coll.; MB.C.5240.1–MB.C.5240.4.</p><p>Description</p><p>The two type specimens GPIT-PV-63911 and GPIT-PV-63913 (Fig. 97) are moderately well-preserved. Therefore, several specimens from new collections are described in more detail below. Holotype GPIT- PV-63911 has a conch diameter of 15 mm and is thinly pachyconic and involute (ww/dm = 0.69; uw/ dm = 0.11). The shell shows growth lines that extend with a slightly convex curve across the flank and form a very broad, shallow ventral sinus (Fig. 99G).</p><p>The four rather well-preserved specimens MB.C.31195.1 (22 mm dm), MB.C.31195.2 (16.5 mm dm), MB.C.31194.1 (16 mm dm) and MB.C.31195.3 (15 mm dm) allow the study of conch shape and ornament (Fig. 98A–D). All of them are very similar in their conch proportions; they are thinly pachyconic (ww/ dm = 0.60–0.63) and involute (uw/dm = 0.10–0.15). All show rapid closure of the umbilicus by overlap of the last whorl, meaning that the absolute umbilical diameter is reduced. The whorl profile has a semilunate shape with little space on the lateral sides; the flanks converge rather rapidly towards the broadly rounded venter.</p><p>The shell ornament is best preserved in specimen MB.C.31195.1 (Fig. 98A). It shows lamellar growth lines extending convexly with a broad arch across the flanks and form a shallow sinus across the venter. Like the other two specimens, it possesses only very weak and short constrictions in the midflank area.</p><p>Vöhringer produced three cross sections but published only one of them. These three are GPIT-PV-64017 (8.5 mm dm), GPIT-PV-63938 (13 mm dm) and GPIT-PV-63949 (14.5 mm dm) (Fig. 99A–C). None of them has the innermost whorls preserved, but these can be seen in specimen MB.C.5240.2 from Hasselbachtal (Fig. 99D). The conch shape and its proportions change markedly during ontogeny with a triphasic ww/dm trajectory and a biphasic uw/dm trajectory. The coiling rate decreases in the early juvenile stage to WER = 1.60 at 2.5 mm conch diameter, then slowly decreases to 1.50 and remains stable at this value until 17 mm diameter. The whorl profile is strongly depressed in the juvenile stage up to a conch diameter of 9 mm (ww/wh higher than 2.50); up to this size, the umbilicus is opening continuously. Thereafter, the whorls begin to embrace the umbilicus, which can best be observed in the specimens from the Hasselbachtal section (Fig. 99D–E).</p><p>The suture line of paratype GPIT-PV-64017 has a lanceolate external lobe accompanied by a slightly asymmetrical, rounded ventrolateral saddle. The adventive lobe is V-shaped with slightly outwardly curved flanks (Fig. 99F).</p><p>Remarks</p><p>Hasselbachia multisulcata differs from H. gracilis by the wider conch in combination with a narrower umbilicus. The uw/dm ratio, at 17 mm conch diameter, is about 0.27 in H. gracilis, but only about 0.13 in H. multisulcata .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EA5C14CAA885EBFDC2FE37FE2581A7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Korn, Dieter;Weyer, Dieter	Korn, Dieter, Weyer, Dieter (2023): The ammonoids from the Gattendorfia Limestone of Oberrödinghausen (Early Carboniferous; Rhenish Mountains, Germany). European Journal of Taxonomy 882: 1-230, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2023.882.2177, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2023.882.2177
03EA5C14CAAD85EAFDE4F997FE5181DB.text	03EA5C14CAAD85EAFDE4F997FE5181DB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Hasselbachia gracilis (Vohringer 1960)	<div><p>Hasselbachia gracilis (Vöhringer, 1960)</p><p>Figs 8E, 98E, 100; Table 97</p><p>Imitoceras gracile Vöhringer, 1960: 143, pl. 4 fig. 6, text-fig. 20.</p><p>Acutimitoceras gracile – Korn 1994: 47, text-figs 49f, 55a.</p><p>Acutimitoceras (Stockumites) gracile – Becker 1996: 36.</p><p>Hasselbachia gracilis – Korn &amp; Weyer 2003: 96, pl. 1 figs 9–10, 15–16.</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Species of Hasselbachia with a thickly discoidal and subinvolute conch at 15 mm dm (ww/dm ~0.55; uw/dm ~0.25); whorl cross section depressed (ww/wh ~1.50); coiling rate very low (WER ~1.50). Flanks strongly convergent. Fine lamellar growth lines with convex course. Shell and internal mould with short constrictions.</p><p>Material examined</p><p>Holotype</p><p>GERMANY • Rhenish Mountains, Oberrödinghausen, railway cutting; Hangenberg Limestone, bed 3d; Vöhringer Coll.; illustrated by Vöhringer (1960: pl. 4 fig. 6), and Korn (1994: text-fig. 58b), re-illustrated here in Fig. 100A; GPIT-PV-63917.</p><p>Paratype</p><p>GERMANY • Rhenish Mountains, Oberrödinghausen, railway cutting; Hangenberg Limestone, bed 3d; Vöhringer Coll.; GPIT-PV-63919 .</p><p>Additional material</p><p>GERMANY • 4 specimens; Rhenish Mountains, Oberrödinghausen, railway cutting; Hangenberg Limestone, bed 3d1b; Weyer 1993–1994 Coll.; MB.C.31196.1–4 • 2 specimens; Rhenish Mountains, Oberrödinghausen, railway cutting; Hangenberg Limestone, bed 3e; Weyer 1993–1994 Coll.; MB.C.31197.1–2 • 2 specimens; Rhenish Mountains, Hasselbachtal; Hangenberg Limestone, bed 53; Weyer 1993–1994 Coll.; MB.C.5238.1, MB.C.5238.2 • 1 specimen; Rhenish Mountains, Hasselbachtal; Hangenberg Limestone, bed 57; Weyer 1993–1994 Coll.; MB.C.5240.5.</p><p>Description</p><p>Holotype GPIT-PV-63917 is an incomplete specimen with 17 mm conch diameter (Fig. 100A). It is thickly discoidal and subinvolute (ww/dm = 0.54; uw/dm = 0.27) with a low coiling rate (WER = 1.49). The shell bears five shallow radial notches on the flank of the last half whorl. The growth lines are lamellar and very weakly convex across the flanks; they form a very shallow ventral sinus (Fig. 100B).</p><p>The moderately well-preserved specimen MB.C.31196.1 (Fig. 98E) with 17 mm dm has a thickly discoidal subinvolute conch (ww/dm = 0.54; uw/dm = 0.27) and a semilunate whorl section with very low aperture (WER = 1.49). The specimen is covered with shell remains, which show fine lamellar growth lines that extend backwardly directed across flanks and venter. The shell has some very shallow constrictions on the midflank.</p><p>Remarks</p><p>Hasselbachia gracilis differs from H. multisulcata by the more slender conch in combination with a wider umbilicus. The uw/dm ratio, at 17 mm conch diameter, is about 0.13 in H. multisulcata, but only about 0.27 in H. gracilis .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EA5C14CAAD85EAFDE4F997FE5181DB	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Korn, Dieter;Weyer, Dieter	Korn, Dieter, Weyer, Dieter (2023): The ammonoids from the Gattendorfia Limestone of Oberrödinghausen (Early Carboniferous; Rhenish Mountains, Germany). European Journal of Taxonomy 882: 1-230, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2023.882.2177, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2023.882.2177
03EA5C14CAAF85E8FDABFDB4FD5C8039.text	03EA5C14CAAF85E8FDABFDB4FD5C8039.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Hasselbachia erronea Korn & Weyer 2023	<div><p>Hasselbachia erronea sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: D15B0445-7E34-47E3-9A31-E00C5E5B70C8</p><p>Figs 101–102; Tables 98–99</p><p>Acutimitoceras sphaeroidale – Vöhringer 1960: 143, text-fig. 21. — Korn 1992b: 17, pl. 2 figs 30–31. — Schönlaub et al. 1992: pl. 5 figs 30–31. — Korn 1994: text-figs 50f, 51b.</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Species of Hasselbachia with a thickly pachyconic and involute conch at 15 mm dm (ww/dm ~0.75; uw/dm ~0.10); whorl cross section moderately depressed (ww/wh ~1.65); coiling rate very low (WER ~1.60). Flanks moderately strongly converging. Fine lamellar growth lines with convex course. Shell and internal mould with constrictions extending across the venter.</p><p>Etymology</p><p>From the Latin ‘ erronea ’, referring to the previous misunderstanding of the material.</p><p>Material examined</p><p>Holotype</p><p>GERMANY • Rhenish Mountains, Oberrödinghausen, railway cutting; Hangenberg Limestone, bed 3e; Weyer 1993–1994 Coll.; illustrated in Fig. 101; MB.C.31198.</p><p>Paratypes</p><p>GERMANY • 2 specimens; Rhenish Mountains, Oberrödinghausen, railway cutting; Hangenberg Limestone, bed 5; Vöhringer Coll.; GPIT-PV-63932, GPIT-PV-63927 • 1 specimen; Rhenish Mountains, Oese, old quarry; bed interval III; Paproth Coll.; MB.C.5286 • 1 specimen; Rhenish Mountains, Oese, old quarry; bed interval IV; Paproth Coll.; MB.C.5283.1 .</p><p>Description</p><p>Holotype MB.C.31198 (Fig. 101) has 16 mm conch diameter and is thickly pachyconic with a very narrow umbilicus (ww/dm = 0.75; uw/dm = 0.09). The specimen possesses broadly rounded flanks that merge with a continuous curve into the evenly rounded venter. The umbilical margin is rather narrow. The shell bears an ornament with fine, widely spaced growth lines, which extend almost straight across flanks and venter, forming only a low lateral projection (Fig. 102B). Parallel to the growth lines extend very faint shell constrictions, spaced about 120 degrees apart.</p><p>The sectioned paratype GPIT-PV-63927 allows the study of conch ontogeny up to a diameter of 15 mm (Fig. 102A). It shows the transition from the juvenile stage with a kidney-shaped whorl profile to a C-shaped whorl profile at about 7 mm conch diameter. It can be observed that the absolute width of the umbilicus does not change above about 7 mm conch diameter. Accordingly, the uw/dm ratio is reduced from ~0.30 to ~0.15 between 7 and 15 mm conch diameter. The suture line of the specimen has a lanceolate, narrow external lobe with weakly convergent flanks. It is followed on the flank by a rather narrow, tightly rounded ventrolateral saddle and a narrow, V-shaped adventive lobe (Fig. 102C).</p><p>Remarks</p><p>Hasselbachia erronea sp. nov. is described here as a new species on the basis of the paratypes of “ Imitoceras sphaeroidale Vöhringer, 1960 ”. These three paratypes clearly differ from the holotype of that species in their much more slender conch and the presence of shell constrictions and cannot be included in the same genus.</p><p>Hasselbachia erronea sp. nov. differs from the species H. gracilis and H. multisulcata by the constrictions that extend across the venter in the new species.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EA5C14CAAF85E8FDABFDB4FD5C8039	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Korn, Dieter;Weyer, Dieter	Korn, Dieter, Weyer, Dieter (2023): The ammonoids from the Gattendorfia Limestone of Oberrödinghausen (Early Carboniferous; Rhenish Mountains, Germany). European Journal of Taxonomy 882: 1-230, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2023.882.2177, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2023.882.2177
03EA5C14CAA185E5FE2EFB9FFAD586B9.text	03EA5C14CAA185E5FE2EFB9FFAD586B9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pseudarietitinae Bartzsch & Weyer 1987	<div><p>Subfamily Pseudarietitinae Bartzsch &amp; Weyer, 1987</p><p>[nom. transl. Korn (1994: 75), pro Pseudarietitini Bartzsch &amp; Weyer, 1987]</p><p>Subfamily composition</p><p>A total of 17 species of the Pseudarietitinae have been described so far; they belong to the following genera: Pseudarietites Frech, 1902 (7 species); Paralytoceras Frech, 1902 (3 species); Paprothites Bartzsch &amp; Weyer, 1987 (7 species); Rodingites gen. nov. (2 species),</p><p>Two of the species are somewhat problematic, “ Pseudarietites serratus ” has some affinities to Paralytoceras and “ Protocanites carinatus Vöhringer, 1960 ” is difficult to interpret as only one specimen is available. The conch shape similar to “ Pseudarietites planissimus ” suggests an attribution to this genus rather than to Eocanites . For the latter two species, the new genus Rodingites is introduced here.</p><p>Morphology</p><p>The pseudarietitin ammonoids are separated from the other Early Tournaisian ammonoids by two main characters, (1) the subevolute to evolute conch (which, however, also characterises some gattendorfiins and the early prolecanitid ammonoids) and (2) the rather coarse and often sharp ribs (which are not present in the gattendorfiins and prolecanitids). An additional character of the advanced pseudarietitins ( Pseudarietites, Rodingites gen. nov., Paralytoceras) is the raised or even attached ventral keel, which may be simple or serrate.</p><p>Ontogeny</p><p>The conch ontogeny of the species is rather simple with a more or less monophasic trajectory of the ww/ dm ratio, which is characterised by a continuous decrease. Different phases are only separable in some cases, such as Pseudarietites subtilis (see below), but they are weakly developed when compared with species of other prionoceratid subfamilies. The ventral keel of many of the genera is developed only rather late in ontogeny, at a conch diameter of about 8 mm.</p><p>Phylogeny</p><p>The origin of the subfamily Pseudarietitinae can be seen in the Gattendorfiinae, particularly in the genus Weyerella, which possibly gave rise to the morphologically simplest pseudarietin genus Paprothites . Species of both genera share a thickly discoidal, subevolute conch; the two genera differ mainly in the presence of ribs in Paprothites . These ribs, however, can be rather variable in Paprothites; P. raricostatus and P. beckeri sp. nov., for instance, possess very faint ribs and in this character are rather close to Weyerella .</p><p>Within the Pseudarietitinae, an evolution from the non-keeled Paprothites to the other two genera with keeled forms is obvious; it can also be observed in the stratigraphic succession with non-keeled Paprothites below the first occurrence of keeled Pseudarietites . The formation of the keel starts with the presence of incipient paired ventral grooves (which can be seen in Paprothites ruzhencevi), which in the genus Pseudarietites are then much more pronounced and allow a midventral keel to be developed. The keel is simple in the typical species of Pseudarietites (e.g., P. silesiacus and P. westfalicus) but serrated in the advanced P. serratus .</p><p>Stratigraphic occurrence</p><p>The genera of the subfamily Pseudarietitinae do not occur at the base of the Hangenberg Limestone or its time equivalents. In the Oberrödinghausen railway cutting, the first occurrence of Paprothites dorsoplanus is in bed 4 (according to Vöhringer 1960) and the first occurrence of Pseudarietites westfalicus is in bed 3c; the highest diversity of the subfamily occurs in beds 3c and 3b. These two species were selected by Vöhringer (1960) as index fossil for the middle two subzones of his Gattendorfia Stufe.</p><p>It has to be noted that the stratigraphic succession of the species of the subfamily does not perfectly reflect the proposed phylogenetic succession. The proposed phylogenetically simplest form Paprothites raricostatus was found only above the obviously more derived P.dorsoplanus .Furthermore, Paralytoceras sp. was collected in bed 3d, which means that the genus occurs slightly below the stratigraphic range of Pseudarietites .</p><p>Geographic occurrence</p><p>The Pseudarietitinae is a subfamily that is largely known from only three regions worldwide, Lower Silesia with the single locality Dzikowiec (e.g., Tietze 1870; Frech 1902; Weyer 1965; Dzik 1997), the Rhenish Mountains with a number of localities such as Hasselbachtal, Oese, Oberrödinghausen and Drewer (e.g., Schmidt 1924; Vöhringer 1960; Korn 1994; Korn et al. 1994; Korn &amp; Weyer 2003) as well as Guizhou with the localities Wangyou (Sun &amp; Shen 1965; Ruan 1981) and Dapoushang (Sheng 1989). There exists only one illustrated report of Pseudarietites from Thuringia (Bartzsch &amp; Weyer 1982, 1986) and one report on Paprothites from Pomerania (Korejwo 1979). Other regions with considerably diverse Early Tournaisian ammonoid records are the Montagne Noire of France (Korn 1993; Korn &amp; Feist 2007), the Carnic Alps of Austria and Italy (Korn 1992b; Schönlaub et al. 1992), the Anti-Atlas of Morocco (Bockwinkel &amp; Ebbighausen 2006; Ebbighausen &amp; Bockwinkel 2007) and the Gourara region of Algeria (Ebbighausen et al. 2004), however these regions did not provide material of the Pseudarietitinae .</p><p>The four genera occur, in the three regions, in different frequencies. Only Paprothites and Pseudarietites occur rather regularly in the middle part of the Hangenberg Limestone of the northern Rhenish Mountains. By contrast, specimens of Rodingites gen. nov. and Paralytoceras belong to the rarest Early Tournaisian ammonoids and are known from only few places (Lower Silesia, Rhenish Mountains, Guizhou). In all sites they occur in extremely low numbers. In the Rhenish Mountains, for instance, Rodingites is known by only one specimen of each of the two species. The genus is also very rare at Dzikowiec (Weyer 1965; Dzik 1997).</p><p>Only two specimens of Paralytoceras crispum are known from the type locality at Dzikowiec in Lower Silesia and only two fragmentary specimens are preserved from the Oberrödinghausen railway cutting. One of these was shown by Weyer (1965, pl. 6, fig. 4) and the second was found in the unpublished parts of the Vöhringer collection. During intensive field collections by DW in 1993 and 1994, only a few further specimens of Paralytoceras species was collected.</p><p>Palaeogeography</p><p>The distribution patterns of the species of the subfamily are not fully investigated. According to current knowledge, the Central European occurrences in the Rhenish Mountains and Lower Silesia are rather similar and largely composed of the same species but they differ markedly from the assemblages known from Guizhou. The reports on the species Pseudarietites serratus and Paralytoceras crispum from Guizhou (Ruan 1981) cannot be confirmed. The specimen of “ P. serratus ” is strongly corroded and does not clearly show a serrate keel and the specimen of “ P. crispum ” is a poorly preserved fragment difficult to identify.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EA5C14CAA185E5FE2EFB9FFAD586B9	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Korn, Dieter;Weyer, Dieter	Korn, Dieter, Weyer, Dieter (2023): The ammonoids from the Gattendorfia Limestone of Oberrödinghausen (Early Carboniferous; Rhenish Mountains, Germany). European Journal of Taxonomy 882: 1-230, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2023.882.2177, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2023.882.2177
03EA5C14CAA385E5FDD6FD6CFD5681C5.text	03EA5C14CAA385E5FDD6FD6CFD5681C5.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Paprothites Bartzsch & Weyer 1987	<div><p>Genus Paprothites Bartzsch &amp; Weyer, 1987</p><p>Type species</p><p>Pseudarietites westfalicus var. dorsoplana Schmidt, 1924: 52; original designation.</p><p>Genus diagnosis</p><p>Genus of the subfamily Pseudarietitinae without ventral keel. Sculpture with simple ribs.</p><p>Genus composition</p><p>Central Europe (Schmidt 1924; Vöhringer 1960; Korn &amp; Weyer 2003): Pseudarietites westfalicus var. dorsoplana Schmidt, 1924; Pseudarietites raricostatus Vöhringer, 1960; Paprothites ruzhencevi Korn &amp; Weyer, 2003; Paprothites beckeri sp. nov.; Paprothites kullmanni sp. nov.</p><p>South China (Ruan 1981; Sheng 1989): Pseudarietites ellipticus Ruan, 1981; Pseudarietites platyventrus Ruan, 1981; Pseudarietites subquadratus Ruan, 1981; Pseudarietites daposhangensis Sheng, 1989 .</p><p>Remarks</p><p>Paprothites is easily separable from Weyerella in the presence of ribs and from the members of the Pseudarietitinae by the lack of the ventral keel.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EA5C14CAA385E5FDD6FD6CFD5681C5	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Korn, Dieter;Weyer, Dieter	Korn, Dieter, Weyer, Dieter (2023): The ammonoids from the Gattendorfia Limestone of Oberrödinghausen (Early Carboniferous; Rhenish Mountains, Germany). European Journal of Taxonomy 882: 1-230, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2023.882.2177, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2023.882.2177
03EA5C14CAA385E3FDEAFA76FE458007.text	03EA5C14CAA385E3FDEAFA76FE458007.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Paprothites dorsoplanus (Schmidt 1924)	<div><p>Paprothites dorsoplanus (Schmidt, 1924)</p><p>Figs 10F, 103–105; Tables 100–101</p><p>Pseudarietites westfalicus var. dorsoplana Schmidt, 1924: 152, pl. 8 fig. 13.</p><p>Pseudarietites dorsoplanus dorsoplanus – Vöhringer 1960: 161, pl. 6 fig. 10, text-fig. 39. — Korejwo 1979: pl. 12 fig. 2.</p><p>Paprothites dorsoplanus – Korn 1994: 75, text-figs 70a–b, 71c, 72a; 2006: text-fig. 4e. — Korn &amp; Weyer 2003: 100, pl. 2 figs 22–23. — Sprey 2002: 53, text-fig. 18h. — Kullmann 2009: text-fig. 5.4.</p><p>non Paprothites dorsoplanus – Dzik 1997: 109, text-fig. 29c.</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Species of Paprothites with a conch reaching 30 mm diameter. Conch at 15 mm dm thinly discoidal, subevolute (ww/dm ~0.40; uw/dm ~0.40). Whorl profile at 15 mm dm weakly depressed (ww/wh ~1.30); coiling rate moderate (WER ~1.80). Venter rounded, umbilical margin rounded. On the flank 25 sharp ribs with weakly concave course.</p><p>Material examined</p><p>Holotype</p><p>GERMANY • Rhenish Mountains, Oberrödinghausen, railway cutting; Hangenberg Limestone; Schmidt Coll.; illustrated by Schmidt (1924: pl. 8, fig. 13) and Korn (2006: text-fig. 4e); re-illustrated here in Fig. 103A; BGRB X5715.</p><p>Additional material</p><p>GERMANY • 3 specimens; Rhenish Mountains, Oberrödinghausen, railway cutting; Hangenberg Limestone, bed 3d; Vöhringer Coll.; GPIT-PV-63967, GPIT-PV-63969, GPIT-PV-63971 • 38 specimens; Rhenish Mountains, Oberrödinghausen, railway cutting; Hangenberg Limestone, bed 3d 1; Weyer 1993– 1994 Coll.; MB.C.31199.1–38 • 5 specimens; Rhenish Mountains, Oberrödinghausen, railway cutting; Hangenberg Limestone, bed 3d1a; Weyer 1993–1994 Coll.; MB.C.31200.1–5 • 11 specimens; Rhenish Mountains, Oberrödinghausen, railway cutting; Hangenberg Limestone, bed 3d1b; Weyer 1993–1994 Coll.; MB.C.31201.1–11 • 12 specimens; Rhenish Mountains, Oberrödinghausen, railway cutting; Hangenberg Limestone, bed 3d2; Weyer 1993–1994 Coll.; MB.C.31202.1–12 • 1 specimen; Rhenish Mountains, Oberrödinghausen, road cutting; Hangenberg Limestone; Korn 1977 Coll.; MB.C.31203 • 1 specimen; Rhenish Mountains, Oberrödinghausen, road cutting; Hangenberg Limestone, bed 3d; Korn &amp; Weyer 2000 Coll.; MB.C.31204 • 1 specimen; Rhenish Mountains, Hasselbachtal; Hangenberg Limestone, bed 51; Weyer 1993–1994 Coll.; MB.C.5237.3 • 4 specimens; Rhenish Mountains, Hasselbachtal; Hangenberg Limestone, bed 53; Weyer 1993–1994 Coll.; MB.C.5238.3–6 • 1 specimen; Rhenish Mountains, Hasselbachtal; Hangenberg Limestone, bed 57; Weyer 1993–1994 Coll.; MB.C.5240.9 • 1 specimen; Rhenish Mountains, Oese, old quarry; Hangenberg Limestone, bed 25; Weyer &amp; Korn 2000 Coll.; MB.C.5261.1 • 3 specimens; Rhenish Mountains, Oese, old quarry; Hangenberg Limestone, bed 22; Weyer &amp; Korn 2000 Coll.; MB.C.5262.1, MB.C.5262.6–MB.C.5262.7.</p><p>Description</p><p>Holotype BGRB X5715 is a well-preserved specimen with 13 mm conch diameter (Fig. 103A). It is representative for the morphology of the species, in which morphological variation ranges only within narrow limits. The specimen is thinly discoidal and subevolute (ww/dm = 0.44; uw/dm = 0.39) with a weakly depressed crescent-shaped whorl profile (ww/wh = 1.30) and a moderately high aperture (WER = 1.75). Its sculpture shows 24 protracted ribs on one volution; these are coarsest on the inner flank and fade out in the ventrolateral area. The interspaces between the ribs are occasionally deepened to constrictions, which wedge out on the outer flank near the venter.</p><p>A series of four well-preserved specimens (Fig. 104) between 9 and 22.5 mm conch diameter are suitable to complement the species description. They show slight variation in the strength and number of the ribs; while the smaller specimens MB.C.31201.4 (9 mm dm; Fig. 104D) and MB.C.31201.3 (10 mm dm; Fig. 104C) have rather weak ribs, these are coarser, particularly on the umbilical margin, in specimen MB.C.31201.2 (16 mm dm; Fig. 104B) and also in the largest available specimen MB.C.31201.1 (22.5 mm dm; Fig. 104A). In the latter specimen, the ribs extend with linear course and radial direction across the inner and middle flank; they turn forward on the outer flank where the fade out. Specimens MB.C.31201.3 and MB.C.31201.2 show incipient ventrolateral furrows. For the demonstration of the low variation in conch geometry and sculpture, another eight specimens are shown (Fig. 104E–L).</p><p>Paprothites dorsoplanus has a rather simple conch ontogeny, which can be described using the cross section of specimen GPIT-PV-63971 with 8 mm conch diameter (Fig. 105A) and some other specimens (Fig. 105C–E). The ww/dm trajectory is monophasic with a continuous decrease from 0.90 at 1 mm dm to 0.45 at 20 mm dm. The uw/dm trajectory is weakly triphasic and oscillating between 0.30 and 0.45 and the WER is stable at a value around 1.70 between 1.5 and 20 mm diameter. Throughout ontogeny, the whorl profile is crescent-shaped and depressed with an ontogenetic trend to a more strongly compressed shape.</p><p>Remarks</p><p>Paprothites dorsoplanus is easily distinguishable from the co-occurring P. raricostatus and P. beckeri sp. nov. by the much coarser ribs. On the other side, P. ruzhencevi and P. kullmanni sp. nov. have coarser and sharper ribs than P. dorsoplanus . Furthermore, the ribs are much more strongly bent forward across the flanks in P. ruzhencevi .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EA5C14CAA385E3FDEAFA76FE458007	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Korn, Dieter;Weyer, Dieter	Korn, Dieter, Weyer, Dieter (2023): The ammonoids from the Gattendorfia Limestone of Oberrödinghausen (Early Carboniferous; Rhenish Mountains, Germany). European Journal of Taxonomy 882: 1-230, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2023.882.2177, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2023.882.2177
03EA5C14CAA785E0FDD5FE98FDDA874B.text	03EA5C14CAA785E0FDD5FE98FDDA874B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Paprothites raricostatus (Vohringer 1960)	<div><p>Paprothites raricostatus (Vöhringer, 1960)</p><p>Fig. 106A–B; Table 102</p><p>Pseudarietites dorsoplanus raricostatus Vöhringer, 1960: 162, pl. 6 fig. 9.</p><p>Paprothites raricostatus – Korn 1994: 77, text-fig. 70c; 2006: text-fig. 4f.</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Species of Paprothites with a conch reaching 30 mm diameter. Conch at 15 mm dm thinly discoidal, subevolute (ww/dm ~0.40; uw/dm ~0.35). Whorl profile at 15 mm dm weakly depressed (ww/wh ~1.20); coiling rate low (WER ~1.70). Venter rounded, umbilical margin rounded. On the inner flank 20 shallow, rounded ribs with nearly linear course.</p><p>Material examined</p><p>Holotype</p><p>GERMANY • Rhenish Mountains, Oberrödinghausen, railway cutting; Hangenberg Limestone, bed 3d; Vöhringer Coll.; illustrated by Vöhringer (1960: pl. 6 fig. 9), Korn (1994: text-fig. 70c) and Korn (2006: text-fig. 4f); re-illustrated herein Fig. 106A; GPIT-PV-63973.</p><p>Additional material</p><p>GERMANY • 1 specimen; Rhenish Mountains, Oberrödinghausen, railway cutting; Hangenberg Limestone, bed 3d 1; Weyer 1993–1994 Coll.; MB.C.31205 • 1 specimen; Rhenish Mountains, Oberrödinghausen, railway cutting; Hangenberg Limestone, bed 3d1a; Weyer 1993–1994 Coll.; MB.C.31206 • 1 specimen; Rhenish Mountains, Oberrödinghausen, railway cutting; Hangenberg Limestone, bed 3d1b; Weyer 1993–1994 Coll.; MB.C.31207.</p><p>Description</p><p>Holotype GPIT-PV-63973 is a specimen with 14 mm conch diameter (Fig. 106A); it is thinly discoidal and subevolute (ww/dm = 0.41; uw/dm = 0.37) with a weakly depressed, broadly rounded whorl profile (ww/wh = 1.19) and a low coiling rate (WER = 1.71). It has a sculpture with weak radial plications on the inner flank.</p><p>Specimen MB.C.31207 is a well-preserved specimen with 18.5 mm conch diameter (Fig. 106B). It is thinly discoidal and subevolute (ww/dm = 0.35; uw/dm = 0.40) with a very weakly depressed whorl profile (ww/wh = 1.05). Umbilical margin, flanks and venter are broadly rounded. The last whorl possesses about 24 very low plications, which extend slightly forward and disappear already in the outer flank area.</p><p>Remarks</p><p>Paprothites raricostatus has conch proportions like P. dorsoplanus, but is clearly separated by the much weaker sculpture. While P. dorsoplanus has rather sharp riblets, in P. raricostatus there are only very faint plications at 15–20 mm conch diameter. P. beckeri has a much narrower umbilicus (uw/dm = 0.30) than P. raricostatus (uw/dm = 0.40).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EA5C14CAA785E0FDD5FE98FDDA874B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Korn, Dieter;Weyer, Dieter	Korn, Dieter, Weyer, Dieter (2023): The ammonoids from the Gattendorfia Limestone of Oberrödinghausen (Early Carboniferous; Rhenish Mountains, Germany). European Journal of Taxonomy 882: 1-230, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2023.882.2177, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2023.882.2177
03EA5C14CAA685E0FDBAFCF6FE188384.text	03EA5C14CAA685E0FDBAFCF6FE188384.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Paprothites beckeri Korn & Weyer 2023	<div><p>Paprothites beckeri sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 91E3B90F-6B65-4875-815A-568CFFEC7E20</p><p>Fig. 106C; Table 103</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Species of Paprothites with a conch reaching 30 mm diameter. Conch at 15 mm dm extremely discoidal, subevolute (ww/dm ~0.35; uw/dm ~0.30). Whorl profile at 15 mm dm weakly compressed (ww/wh ~0.90); coiling rate moderate (WER ~1.80). Venter rounded, umbilical margin rounded. On the inner flank 15 very shallow, rounded ribs with nearly linear course.</p><p>Etymology</p><p>Named after R. Thomas Becker in appreciation of his studies on the Devonian–Carboniferous boundary.</p><p>Material examined</p><p>Holotype</p><p>GERMANY • Rhenish Mountains, Oberrödinghausen, railway cutting; Hangenberg Limestone, bed 3d1; Weyer 1993–1994 Coll.; illustrated in Fig. 106C; MB.C.31208.</p><p>Description</p><p>Holotype MB.C.31208 with 16 mm dm is thinly discoidal with a moderately wide umbilicus (ww/dm = 0.34; uw/dm = 0.31). Its whorl profile is compressed (ww/wh = 0.87), the flanks are nearly parallel and the venter is rounded. The last volution shows only very weak radial plications, which have a concave course on the flanks. In the outer flank area, they are paralleled by faint and short constrictions. As can be seen in the umbilical opening, the penultimate volution bears coarser ribs, which amount about 18 per volution (106C).</p><p>Remarks</p><p>Paprothites beckeri sp. nov. has, with a uw/dm ratio of only 0.30, a much more narrowly umbilicate conch than all the other species of the genus. Furthermore, it has much weaker ribs, even when compared with P. raricostatus .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EA5C14CAA685E0FDBAFCF6FE188384	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Korn, Dieter;Weyer, Dieter	Korn, Dieter, Weyer, Dieter (2023): The ammonoids from the Gattendorfia Limestone of Oberrödinghausen (Early Carboniferous; Rhenish Mountains, Germany). European Journal of Taxonomy 882: 1-230, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2023.882.2177, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2023.882.2177
03EA5C14CAB985FEFDDEFD81FAAF8054.text	03EA5C14CAB985FEFDDEFD81FAAF8054.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Paprothites ruzhencevi Korn & Weyer 2003	<div><p>Paprothites ruzhencevi Korn &amp; Weyer, 2003</p><p>Figs 107–108; Table 104</p><p>Paprothites ruzhencevi Korn &amp; Weyer, 2003: 100, pl. 1 figs 21–24.</p><p>Paprothites ruzhencevi – Korn 2006: text-fig.4b–c.</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Species of Paprothites with a conch reaching 40 mm diameter. Conch at 15 mm dm thinly discoidal, evolute (ww/dm ~0.40; uw/dm ~0.50). Whorl profile at 15mm dm moderately depressed (ww/wh ~1.60); coiling rate low (WER ~1.55). Venter rounded, umbilical margin rounded. On the flank 25 very sharp ribs with concave course. Venter in the adult stage with incipient grooves.</p><p>Material examined</p><p>Holotype</p><p>GERMANY • Rhenish Mountains, Hasselbachtal; Hangenberg Limestone, bed 57; Trostheide Coll.; illustrated by Korn &amp; Weyer (2003: pl. 1, figs 21–24) and Korn (2006: text-fig. 4b–c), re-illustrated here in Fig. 107; MB.C.5240.6.</p><p>Paratypes</p><p>GERMANY • 4 specimens; Rhenish Mountains, Hasselbachtal; Hangenberg Limestone, bed 57; Weyer 1993–1994 Coll.; MB.C.5240.11–14 .</p><p>Additional material</p><p>GERMANY • 40 specimens; Rhenish Mountains, Oberrödinghausen, railway cutting; Hangenberg Limestone, bed 3d1b; Weyer 1993–1994 Coll.; MB.C.31209.1–40 .</p><p>Description</p><p>Two well-preserved adult specimens from Oberrödinghausen are illustrated here, MB.C.31209.1 (22 mm dm; Fig. 108A) and MB.C.31209.2 (ca. 26 mm dm; Fig. 108B), both 22 mm in diameter. In both, at 22 mm dm, the umbilicus has exactly half of the width of the conch diameter, but the specimens differ in the shape of their whorl profile. The ww/wh ratio is 1.45 in specimen MB.C.31209.1 but 1.65 in specimen MB.C.31209.2. Both specimens show coarse ribbing. In specimen MB.C.31209.1, there are 28 ribs on the last volution, about 25 in the penultimate volution and also 25 in the volution before. The ribs are sharp and extend with a concave arch across the flank. Both specimens show two barely visible longitudinal grooves on the venter.</p><p>Remarks</p><p>Paprothites ruzhencevi differs from P. dorsoplanus and P. raricostatus in the shape and course of the ribs, which are rounded and extend almost straight across the flanks in the latter two species. Both species have a much narrower umbilicus (uw/dm = 0.35–0.40) than P. ruzhencevi (uw/dm ~0.50). Paprothites ruzhencevi differs from P. kullmanni sp. nov. in the more strongly depressed whorl profile (ww/wh ~1.50 or more in P. ruzhencevi but only ~ 1.25 in P. kullmanni) and in the lack of a midventral groove.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EA5C14CAB985FEFDDEFD81FAAF8054	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Korn, Dieter;Weyer, Dieter	Korn, Dieter, Weyer, Dieter (2023): The ammonoids from the Gattendorfia Limestone of Oberrödinghausen (Early Carboniferous; Rhenish Mountains, Germany). European Journal of Taxonomy 882: 1-230, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2023.882.2177, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2023.882.2177
03EA5C14CAB885FCFDAFF939FC4486C9.text	03EA5C14CAB885FCFDAFF939FC4486C9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Paprothites kullmanni Korn & Weyer 2023	<div><p>Paprothites kullmanni sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: E347E068-0C6F-4263-BE30-7540C182E55C</p><p>Fig. 109; Table 105</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Species of Paprothites with a conch reaching 30 mm diameter. Conch at 25 mm dm extremely discoidal, evolute (ww/dm ~0.33; uw/dm ~0.50). Whorl profile at 25 mm dm weakly depressed (ww/wh ~1.25); coiling rate low (WER ~1.60). Flanks and venter flattened, umbilical margin rounded. Sculpture on the flank with 40 sharp ribs with concave course on the flanks.</p><p>Etymology</p><p>Named after Jürgen Kullmann (1931–2018) in appreciation of his studies on Carboniferous ammonoids.</p><p>Material examined</p><p>Holotype</p><p>GERMANY • Rhenish Mountains, Oese, old quarry; Hangenberg Limestone; Kullmann 1968 Coll.; illustrated in Fig. 109A; MB.C.5270.</p><p>Paratypes</p><p>GERMANY • 2 specimens; Rhenish Mountains, Oberrödinghausen, railway cutting; Hangenberg Limestone, bed 3d2; Weyer 1993–1994 Coll.; MB.C.31210.1–2 • 1 specimen; Rhenish Mountains, Oberrödinghausen, railway cutting; Hangenberg Limestone, bed 3e; Weyer 1993–1994 Coll.; MB.C.31211 .</p><p>Description</p><p>Holotype MB.C.5270 (Fig. 109A) is a specimen with 26 mm conch diameter, which allows the study of the conch geometry, the ornament and parts of the suture line. The conch is extremely discoidal with a wide umbilicus (ww/dm = 0.33; uw/dm = 0.52) and a low coiling rate (WER = 1.60). The whorl profile is weakly depressed (ww/wh = 1.23) and shows flattened, weakly convergent flanks, which are separated from the also flattened venter by a tightly rounded ventrolateral shoulder. On the penultimate half whorl, the venter shows a shallow longitudinal groove that is not located on the centre of the venter, but asymmetrically on the right side.</p><p>The sculpture consists of sharp ribs confined to the flanks, which are highest on the middle of the flank and emerge as small nodes in the ventrolateral area. There are 24 of these ribs on the last half whorl; the penultimate half whorl has 16 ribs. They run across the flank with a concave arc directed forward. The suture line shows a lanceolate, narrow and deep external lobe.</p><p>Paratype MB.C.31211 (109B) is a fragment of a specimen of about 25 mm conch diameter. It shows a modification of the sculpture in that the ribs extend beyond the venter and form chevron-shaped sinuses. In the other aspects it largely agrees with the holotype.</p><p>Remarks</p><p>Paprothites kullmanni sp. nov. differs from P. dorsoplanus, P. raricostatus and P. beckeri sp. nov. by the very sharp ribs. Paprothites ruzhencevi has sharp ribs, but shows a rounded whorl profile without the distinct ventrolateral shoulder present in P. kullmanni; furthermore, P. ruzhencevi has a more depressed whorl profile (ww/wh ~1.50 or more) than P. kullmanni (w/wh ~1.25).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EA5C14CAB885FCFDAFF939FC4486C9	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Korn, Dieter;Weyer, Dieter	Korn, Dieter, Weyer, Dieter (2023): The ammonoids from the Gattendorfia Limestone of Oberrödinghausen (Early Carboniferous; Rhenish Mountains, Germany). European Journal of Taxonomy 882: 1-230, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2023.882.2177, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2023.882.2177
03EA5C14CABA85FCFD9CFD5CFB7981CD.text	03EA5C14CABA85FCFD9CFD5CFB7981CD.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pseudarietites Frech 1902	<div><p>Genus Pseudarietites Frech, 1902</p><p>Type species</p><p>Pseudarietites silesiacus Frech, 1902: 63; by monotypy.</p><p>Genus diagnosis</p><p>Genus of the subfamily Pseudarietitinae with a circular or depressed whorl profile with raised ventral keel paralleled by two longitudinal grooves. Sculpture with simple ribs.</p><p>Genus composition</p><p>Central Europe (Frech 1902; Schmidt 1924; Vöhringer 1960): Pseudarietites silesiacus Frech, 1902; Pseudarietites westfalicus Schmidt, 1924; Pseudarietites subtilis Vöhringer, 1960; Pseudarietites serratus Vöhringer, 1960 .</p><p>South China (Ruan 1981): Pseudarietites rotatilis Ruan, 1981 .</p><p>Remarks</p><p>Pseudarietites differs from Paprothites in the presence of ventral furrows and a raised keel. Paralytoceras, unlike Pseudarietites, has a combination of sharp ribs and spiral lines. Rodingites gen. nov. has a more strongly compressed whorl profile with acute venter and a very prominent attached keel.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EA5C14CABA85FCFD9CFD5CFB7981CD	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Korn, Dieter;Weyer, Dieter	Korn, Dieter, Weyer, Dieter (2023): The ammonoids from the Gattendorfia Limestone of Oberrödinghausen (Early Carboniferous; Rhenish Mountains, Germany). European Journal of Taxonomy 882: 1-230, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2023.882.2177, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2023.882.2177
03EA5C14CABA85F9FDEBFA4EFA8A85F5.text	03EA5C14CABA85F9FDEBFA4EFA8A85F5.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pseudarietites westfalicus Schmidt 1924	<div><p>Pseudarietites westfalicus Schmidt, 1924</p><p>Figs 8E, 110–112; Tables 106–107</p><p>Pseudarietites westfalicus Schmidt, 1924: 152, pl. 8 fig. 12.</p><p>Pseudarietites westfalicus – Schmidt 1925: 536, pl. 19 fig. 7. — Korn 1994: 78, text-figs 70d–e, 71d, 72b; 2006: text-fig. 4d. — Kullmann 2009: text-fig. 5.2b–c.</p><p>Pseudarietites westfalicus westfalicus – Vöhringer 1960: 163, pl. 6 fig. 11, text-fig. 40. — Weyer 1965: 448.</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Species of Pseudarietites with a conch reaching 40 mm diameter. Conch at 15 mm dm thinly discoidal, subevolute (ww/dm ~0.40; uw/dm ~0.42). Whorl profile at 15 mm dm weakly depressed (ww/wh ~1.25); coiling rate low (WER ~1.70). Venter broadly rounded with distinct keel between two distinct grooves, umbilical margin rounded. On the flank 25 sharp ribs with concave course.</p><p>Holotype</p><p>GERMANY • Rhenish Mountains, Oberrödinghausen, railway cutting; Hangenberg Limestone; Schmidt Coll.; illustrated by Schmidt (1924: pl. 8, fig. 12) and Korn (2006: text-fig. 4d); re-illustrated here in Fig. 110; BGRB X5716.</p><p>Additional material</p><p>GERMANY • 3 specimens; Rhenish Mountains, Oberrödinghausen, railway cutting; Hangenberg Limestone; Schindewolf 1925 Coll.; MB.C.31212.1–3 • 2 specimens; Rhenish Mountains, Oberrödinghausen, railway cutting; Hangenberg Limestone, bed 3b; Vöhringer Coll.; GPIT- PV-63978, GPIT-PV-63980 • 1 specimen; Rhenish Mountains, Oberrödinghausen, railway cutting; Hangenberg Limestone, bed 3c; Vöhringer Coll.; GPIT-PV-63982 • 1 specimen; Rhenish Mountains, Oberrödinghausen, railway cutting; Hangenberg Limestone, bed 3 a; Korn 1991 Coll.; MB.C.31213 • 22 specimens; Rhenish Mountains, Oberrödinghausen, railway cutting; Hangenberg Limestone, bed 3 a; Weyer 1993–1994 Coll.; MB.C.31214.1–22 • 8 specimens; Rhenish Mountains, Oberrödinghausen, railway cutting; Hangenberg Limestone, bed 3b; Weyer 1993–1994 Coll.; MB.C.31215.1–8 • 7 specimens; Rhenish Mountains, Oberrödinghausen, railway cutting; Hangenberg Limestone, bed 3c1; Weyer 1993–1994 Coll.; MB.C.31216.1–7 • 1 specimen; Rhenish Mountains, Oberrödinghausen, railway cutting; Hangenberg Limestone, bed 3c2; Weyer 1993–1994 Coll.; MB.C.31217 • 1 specimen; Rhenish Mountains, Oberrödinghausen, road cutting; Hangenberg Limestone, bed 3b; Korn &amp; Weyer 2000 Coll.; MB.C.31218 • 1 specimen; Rhenish Mountains, Hasselbachtal; Hangenberg Limestone, bed 49; Weyer 1993–1994 Coll.; MB.C.5236.1 • 1 specimen; Rhenish Mountains, Oese, old quarry; Hangenberg Limestone, bed 30; Weyer &amp; Korn 2000 Coll.; MB.C.5258.2 • 1 specimen; Rhenish Mountains, Oese, old quarry; Hangenberg Limestone, bed 28; Weyer &amp; Korn 2000 Coll.; MB.C.5260.4 • 1 specimen; Rhenish Mountains, Oese, old quarry; bed interval VI; Paproth Coll.; MB.C.5282.</p><p>Description</p><p>Holotype BGRB X5716 is a specimen with nearly 15 mm conch diameter and allows the examination of two whorls (Fig. 110). It is thinly discoidal and subevolute (ww/dm = 0.42; uw/dm = 0.45) with a weakly depressed whorl profile (ww/wh = 1.28). The venter possesses two shallow longitudinal grooves with a rounded keel rising between them. On the last volution there are about 24 sharp ribs; these ribs form sharp nodes around the umbilicus and become weaker towards the flank. In the area of the outer flank they bend slightly forward and form a low projection before they diminish. Faint growth lines follow the course of the ribs; they form a low ventrolateral projection and a deep, broadly rounded ventral sinus. The penultimate whorl possesses 24 ribs.</p><p>The smaller, well-preserved specimen MB.C.31214.1 has a conch diameter of 14.5 mm and is also thinly discoidal and subevolute (ww/dm = 0.39; uw/dm = 0.43). In the sculpture it closely resembles the holotype; it has 26 ribs on the last and 24 ribs on the penultimate whorl (Fig. 112A). The ventral grooves are slightly deeper than in the holotype.</p><p>The incomplete ontogeny preserved in the sectioned specimen GPIT-PV-63982 shows a whorl profile that is, between 4 and 7.5 mm conch diameter, depressed crescent-shaped with a ww/wh ratio being reduced from 1.70 to 1.50. A raised ventral keel is present at 9.8 mm dm.</p><p>Larger specimens (e.g., specimens GPIT-PV-63978 and GPIT-PV-63980) show that the whorl profile becomes circular at 27 mm dm (Fig. 111A–B).</p><p>The growth trajectories are essentially consistent with those from the other representatives of the subfamily. Almost all trajectories are close to monophasic in the interval between 4 and 27 mm conch diameter with only minor changes of the conch ratios (Fig. 112C–E).</p><p>Remarks</p><p>Pseudarietites westfalicus differs from the very similar P. silesiacus in the lower number of ribs (25 in P. westfalicus but 30 in P. silesiacus). Pseudarietites westfalicus can be separated from P. subtilis by the much wider umbilicus (uw/dm = 0.45 in P. westfalicus at 20 mm dm but about 0.35 in P. subtilis).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EA5C14CABA85F9FDEBFA4EFA8A85F5	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Korn, Dieter;Weyer, Dieter	Korn, Dieter, Weyer, Dieter (2023): The ammonoids from the Gattendorfia Limestone of Oberrödinghausen (Early Carboniferous; Rhenish Mountains, Germany). European Journal of Taxonomy 882: 1-230, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2023.882.2177, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2023.882.2177
03EA5C14CABF85F6FDFCFAF8FCE5860B.text	03EA5C14CABF85F6FDFCFAF8FCE5860B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pseudarietites subtilis Vohringer 1960	<div><p>Pseudarietites subtilis Vöhringer, 1960</p><p>Figs 113–114; Tables 108–109</p><p>Pseudarietites westfalicus subtilis Vöhringer, 1960: 164, pl. 6 fig. 12.</p><p>Pseudarietites westfalicus subtilis – Bartzsch &amp; Weyer 1982: 20, text-fig. 5; 1986: pl. 2 fig. 1. Pseudarietites subtilis – Korn 1994: 78, text-figs 70g –h, 71e, 72c.</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Species of Pseudarietites with a conch reaching 40 mm diameter. Conch at 15 mm dm thinly discoidal, subevolute (ww/dm ~0.40; uw/dm ~0.33). Whorl profile at 15 mm dm nearly circular (ww/wh ~1.00); coiling rate moderate (WER ~1.90). Venter broadly rounded with distinct keel between two distinct grooves, umbilical margin rounded. On the flank 30 sharp ribs with nearly linear course.</p><p>Holotype</p><p>GERMANY • Rhenish Mountains, Oberrödinghausen, railway cutting; Hangenberg Limestone, bed 3c; Vöhringer Coll.; illustrated by Vöhringer (1960: pl. 6 fig. 12) and Korn (1994: text-fig. 70g); re-illustrated here in Fig. 113A; GPIT-PV-63984.</p><p>Paratypes</p><p>GERMANY • 2 specimens; Rhenish Mountains, Oberrödinghausen, railway cutting; Hangenberg Limestone, bed 3c; Vöhringer Coll.; GPIT-PV-63986, GPIT-PV-63959 .</p><p>Additional material</p><p>GERMANY • 1 specimen; Rhenish Mountains, Oberrödinghausen, railway cutting; Hangenberg Limestone, bed 3a; Weyer 1993–1994 Coll.; MB.C.31219 • 2 specimens; Rhenish Mountains, Oberrödinghausen, railway cutting; Hangenberg Limestone, bed 3c 1; Weyer 1993–1994 Coll.; MB.C.31220.1–2 • 1 specimen; Rhenish Mountains, Oberrödinghausen, west of railway cutting; Hangenberg Limestone, loose material; Korn 1977 Coll.; MB.C.31221.</p><p>Description</p><p>Holotype GPIT-PV-63984 is a fairly well-preserved but somewhat damaged specimen with 26 mm conch diameter (Fig. 113A). It is extremely discoidal and subevolute (ww/dm = 0.33; uw/dm = 0.39) and it seems that the umbilicus shows a little bit of opening during the last volution. The ww/wh ratio is nearly equal and the coiling rate is low (WER = 1.69). The sculpture consists of about 18 almost straight ribs on the flank of the penultimate last whorl. The ribs weaken out towards the aperture; the last half volution bear about 30 ribs, which are slightly forward directed but almost straight. Fine growth lines follow the course of the ribs on the flanks and form a rather narrow, shallow sinus on the venter (Fig. 114C). The venter has barely visible longitudinal grooves and a rounded keel between them.</p><p>Paratype GPIT-PV-63986 has 18 mm conch diameter (Fig. 113B) and corresponds, in conch shape and sculpture, to the penultimate whorl of the holotype. It shows ribs that are very sharp on the inner flank.</p><p>Specimen MB.C.31221 (Fig. 114A) is incomplete, but displays the characteristics of the species. It has a conch diameter of 17 mm and is thinly discoidal with a moderately wide umbilicus (ww/dm = 0.37; uw/dm = 0.36). It possesses more than 30 sharp ribs on the last volution; these ribs extend forward over the midflank area and diminish without an extra projection on the outer flank. The venter possesses two longitudinal grooves and a raised keel.</p><p>Paratype GPIT-PV-63959 was sectioned by Vöhringer; it allows the description of the ontogeny of the conch up to a diameter of 22 mm (Fig. 114B). The shape of the whorl profile goes through three ontogenetic stages. In the first stage, up to 3 mm dm, it is broadly crescent-shaped and depressed, followed by the second stage, up to 6 mm dm, in which the profile is rather circular. In the third stage, the ventral keel develops and the profile becomes compressed (ww/wh = 0.92 at 22 mm dm).</p><p>The sectioned paratype GPIT-PV-63959 shows that the ww/dm ratio has a monophasic ontogenetic trajectory with a continuous linear decrease from 1.00 at 0.8 mm dm to 0.35 at 22 mm. The ontogeny of the uw/dm ratio is triphasic; it increases in early ontogeny to 0.40 at 2 mm dm, then decreases to 0.30 at 8 mm dm and finally increases slightly to 0.34 at 22 mm dm. The ontogeny of the coiling rate is also triphasic; after an initial decrease of the WER to about 1.60 at 2.5 mm dm, it increases to a maximum value of 2.05 at 12 mm dm, followed by a decline in adulthood to 1.90 (Fig. 114D–F).</p><p>Remarks</p><p>Pseudarietites subtilis differs from P. westfalicus in the much narrower umbilicus (uw/dm = 0.35 in P. subtilis at 20 mm dm but about 0.45 in P. westfalicus).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EA5C14CABF85F6FDFCFAF8FCE5860B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Korn, Dieter;Weyer, Dieter	Korn, Dieter, Weyer, Dieter (2023): The ammonoids from the Gattendorfia Limestone of Oberrödinghausen (Early Carboniferous; Rhenish Mountains, Germany). European Journal of Taxonomy 882: 1-230, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2023.882.2177, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2023.882.2177
03EA5C14CAB085F5FDE2FD34FE4F87A3.text	03EA5C14CAB085F5FDE2FD34FE4F87A3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pseudarietites serratus Vohringer 1960	<div><p>Pseudarietites serratus Vöhringer, 1960</p><p>Fig. 115C</p><p>Pseudarietites serratus Vöhringer, 1960: 166, pl. 6 fig. 8.</p><p>Paralytoceras serratum – Korn 1994: 79, text-fig. 70i.</p><p>non Pseudarietites serratus – Ruan 1981: 88, pl. 22 figs 1–3. — Sheng 1989: 117, pl. 34 fig. 8.</p><p>Material examined</p><p>Holotype</p><p>GERMANY • Rhenish Mountains, Oberrödinghausen, railway cutting; Hangenberg Limestone, bed 1; Vöhringer Coll.; illustrated by Vöhringer (1960: pl. 6 fig. 8) and Korn (1994: text-fig. 70i); re-illustrated here in Fig. 115C; GPIT-PV-63964.</p><p>Additional material</p><p>GERMANY • 1 specimen; Rhenish Mountains, Oberrödinghausen, railway cutting; Hangenberg Limestone, bed 1; Weyer 1993–1994 Coll.; MB.C.31222 .</p><p>Description</p><p>Holotype GPIT-PV-63964 is the larger of only two fragments available (Fig. 115C). It is part of a specimen only about 10 mm in diameter, consisting of only one whorl segment. The conch is apparently rather widely umbilicate and the whorl profile is crescent-shaped. There is a broad, weakly serrated keel on the middle of the venter. On the flank there are coarse, rounded ribs with a concave course; they already disappear on the outer venter at some distance from the keel.</p><p>Remarks</p><p>It is not completely clear that Pseudarietites serratus belongs to this genus; however, the form of the venter with two longitudinal grooves and the keel between the grooves speak for this attribution. The specimen illustrated by Korn (1988b) as “ Paralytoceras cf. serratum ” is poorly preserved and it is not clear if it belongs to this species. Because of the insufficient material, the species can only tentatively be attributed to Pseudarietites .</p><p>Pseudarietites serratus differs from the other species of the genus in the broad, crescent-shaped whorl section and the noded keel.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EA5C14CAB085F5FDE2FD34FE4F87A3	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Korn, Dieter;Weyer, Dieter	Korn, Dieter, Weyer, Dieter (2023): The ammonoids from the Gattendorfia Limestone of Oberrödinghausen (Early Carboniferous; Rhenish Mountains, Germany). European Journal of Taxonomy 882: 1-230, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2023.882.2177, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2023.882.2177
03EA5C14CAB385F3FDB9FB9CFEB380ED.text	03EA5C14CAB385F3FDB9FB9CFEB380ED.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Rodingites Korn & Weyer 2023	<div><p>Genus Rodingites gen. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 37306BE3-F3E7-4834-BB63-B092BAA43545</p><p>Type species</p><p>Pseudarietites planissimus Vöhringer, 1960: 165 .</p><p>Genus diagnosis</p><p>Genus of the subfamily Pseudarietitinae with a compressed whorl profile with acute venter and an attached ventral keel. Sculpture with simple ribs or folds.</p><p>Etymology</p><p>Named after the town of Oberrödinghausen.</p><p>Genus composition</p><p>Pseudarietites planissimus Vöhringer, 1960; Protocanites carinatus Vöhringer, 1960 .</p><p>Remarks</p><p>The new genus is separated from Pseudarietites because of its widely umbilicate conch and the compressed whorl cross section with acute venter that bears an attached keel.</p><p>Rodingites planissimus (Vöhringer, 1960) gen. et comb. nov.</p><p>Fig. 115A; Table 110</p><p>Pseudarietites planissimus Vöhringer, 1960: 165, pl. 6 fig. 13, text-fig. 42.</p><p>Pseudarietites planissimus – Weyer 1965: 449, pl. 8 fig. 3. — Korn 1994: 78, text-figs 70j, 72d; 2006: text-fig. 4g. — Sprey 2002, pl. 4 fig. 4.</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Species of Rodingites gen. nov. with a conch reaching 50 mm diameter. Conch at 40 mm dm extremely discoidal, evolute (ww/dm ~0.17; uw/dm ~0.50). Whorl profile at 40 mm dm weakly depressed (ww/wh ~0.65); coiling rate low (WER ~1.70). Venter acute with keel, umbilical margin rounded. Sculpture on the flank 50 sharp ribs with concave course.</p><p>Material examined</p><p>Holotype</p><p>GERMANY • Rhenish Mountains, Oberrödinghausen, railway cutting; Hangenberg Limestone, bed 3a; Vöhringer Coll.; illustrated by Vöhringer (1960: pl. 6 fig. 13), Korn (1994: text-fig. 70j), Sprey (2002: pl. 4 fig. 4) and Korn (2006: text-fig. 4g); re-illustrated here in Fig. 115A; GPIT-PV-63962.</p><p>Description</p><p>Holotype GPIT-PV-63962 is a rather complete specimen with 43 mm conch diameter and allows the study of the last two and a half whorls (Fig. 115A). It is a very evolute, extremely discoidal conch (ww/ dm = 0.17; uw/dm = 0.53) with a galeate whorl profile. The venter is characterised by an attached keel. The last one and a half whorls bear rounded ribs, which start on the inner half of the flank, but only become very distinct in the ventrolateral area. These ribs start at a conch diameter of about 16 mm as ventrolateral nodes. The last half whorl possesses 25 of these ribs, the spacing of which becomes increasingly smaller. They have a concave course across the flank and are truncated by the ventral keel.</p><p>Remarks</p><p>Because of the extremely discoidal conch shape, the very wide umbilicus and the dense ribbing, Rodingites planissimus gen. et comb. nov. cannot be confused with any other ammonoid species from the early Tournaisian. The most similar species is Rodingites carinatus gen. et comb. nov., but it possesses no ribs, but only flat radial folds.</p><p>Rodingites carinatus (Vöhringer, 1960) gen. et comb. nov.</p><p>Fig. 115B; Table 111</p><p>Protocanites carinatus Vöhringer, 1960: 170, pl. 6 fig. 7, text-figs 47, 50.</p><p>Protocanites (Eocanites) carinatus – Weyer 1965: 458, pl. 8 figs 6–7.</p><p>Pseudarietites carinatus – Korn 1994: 77, text-figs 70f, 72e.</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Species of Rodingites gen. nov. with a conch reaching 30 mm diameter. Conch at 25 mm dm extremely discoidal, subevolute (ww/dm ~0.22; uw/dm ~0.44). Whorl profile at 25 mm dm weakly depressed (ww/ wh ~0.70); coiling rate low (WER ~1.70). Venter acute with raised keel, umbilical margin rounded. Sculpture with very shallow, rounded folds with nearly linear course.</p><p>Material examined</p><p>Holotype</p><p>GERMANY • Rhenish Mountains, Oberrödinghausen, railway cutting; Hangenberg Limestone, bed 3b; Vöhringer Coll.; illustrated by Vöhringer (1960: pl. 6 fig. 7) and Korn (1994: text-fig. 70f); re-illustrated here in Fig. 115B; GPIT-PV-64011.</p><p>Description</p><p>Holotype GPIT-PV-64011 is a specimen with 24 mm diameter embedded in a piece of limestone. The conch shows the last five whorls (Fig. 115B). The outer appearance is serpenticonic with a largely smooth shell surface. The conch is very slender and evolute (ww/dm = 0.22; uw/dm = 0.45) with a galeate whorl profile, which tapers sharply at the venter and has an attached, crest-like shell keel. On the last whorl, radial concave folds appear on the flank; they are most evident on the outer half of the flank. Some spiral lines are formed on the middle of the flank.</p><p>Remarks</p><p>Rodingites carinatus gen. et comb. nov. has the most prominent keel of all ammonoid species known so far from the early Tournaisian. The species is distinguished from Rodingites planissimus gen. et comb. nov. by the absence of the coarse ribs, which in Rodingites carinatus are only developed as very low folds.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EA5C14CAB385F3FDB9FB9CFEB380ED	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Korn, Dieter;Weyer, Dieter	Korn, Dieter, Weyer, Dieter (2023): The ammonoids from the Gattendorfia Limestone of Oberrödinghausen (Early Carboniferous; Rhenish Mountains, Germany). European Journal of Taxonomy 882: 1-230, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2023.882.2177, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2023.882.2177
03EA5C14CAB585F2FD9AFB35FEC1852B.text	03EA5C14CAB585F2FD9AFB35FEC1852B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Paralytoceras Frech 1902	<div><p>Genus Paralytoceras Frech, 1902</p><p>Type species</p><p>Clymenia crispa Tietze, 1870: 135, by monotypy.</p><p>Genus diagnosis</p><p>Genus of the subfamily Pseudarietitinae with a circular or compressed whorl profile with raised ventral keel that is sometimes paralleled by two longitudinal grooves. Sculpture with collar-like ribs and spiral ornament.</p><p>Genus composition</p><p>Central Europe (Tietze 1870): Clymenia crispa Tietze, 1870 .</p><p>South China (Ruan 1981): Pseudarietites lenticulus Ruan, 1981; Pseudarietites tricarinatus Ruan, 1981 .</p><p>Remarks</p><p>Paralytoceras can clearly be separated from the other genera of the Pseudarietitinae by its sculpture, consisting in the middle ontogenetic stage of a succession of collar-like riblets that are often crenulated and cause a conspicuous spiral ornament. The genus could be related to Pseudarietites, as some of the Paralytoceras species show a very similar ventral shape with longitudinal grooves paralleling a raised ventral keel.</p><p>Specimens of Paralytoceras belong to the rarest Early Tournaisian ammonoids and are known from only few places worldwide (Lower Silesia, Rhenish Mountains, Guizhou). In all regions they occur in extremely low numbers; only two specimens of the type species are known from the type locality at Dzikowiec in Lower Silesia.Only a few fragmentary specimens are preserved from the Oberrödinghausen railway cutting.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EA5C14CAB585F2FD9AFB35FEC1852B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Korn, Dieter;Weyer, Dieter	Korn, Dieter, Weyer, Dieter (2023): The ammonoids from the Gattendorfia Limestone of Oberrödinghausen (Early Carboniferous; Rhenish Mountains, Germany). European Journal of Taxonomy 882: 1-230, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2023.882.2177, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2023.882.2177
03EA5C14CAB485F1FDF2FE14FB6786DA.text	03EA5C14CAB485F1FDF2FE14FB6786DA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Paralytoceras crispum (Tietze 1870)	<div><p>Paralytoceras crispum (Tietze, 1870)</p><p>Fig. 116A</p><p>Clymenia crispa Tietze, 1869: 36 [nomen nudum].</p><p>Clymenia crispa – Tietze 1870: 135, pl. 16 fig. 12.</p><p>Sporadoceras (Paralytoceras) crispum – Frech 1902: 83, pl. 3 fig. 14.</p><p>Paralytoceras crispum – Schindewolf 1923: 397, text-fig. 11e. — Weyer 1965: 452, pl. 6 figs 2–4, text-fig. 2. — Dzik 1997: 109, text-fig. 29h. — Kullmann 2009: text-fig. 5.3.</p><p>Pseudarietites crispus – Ruan 1981: 92, pl. 22 figs 20–21.</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Species of Paralytoceras with conch reaching 60 mm diameter. Conch at 35 mm dm extremely discoidal, subevolute (ww/dm ~0.30, uw/dm ~0.40). Whorl profile at 35mm dm weakly compressed (ww/wh ~0.80); coiling rate moderate (WER ~1.95). Venter narrowly rounded with separate keel, umbilical margin rounded. Ornament with about 100 sharp, crenulated riblets with concave course on half a volution.</p><p>Material examined</p><p>Holotype</p><p>POLAND • Silesia, Dzikowiec ( Ebersdorf); Gattendorfia Limestone; Tietze Coll.; illustrated by Tietze (1870: pl. 16 fig. 12), Frech (1902: pl. 3 fig. 14), Weyer (1965: pl. 6 fig. 2), Dzik (1997: text-fig. 29h) and Kullmann (2009: text-fig. 5.3); MB.C.4692.</p><p>Additional material</p><p>GERMANY • 1 specimen; Rhenish Mountains, Oberrödinghausen, railway cutting; Hangenberg Limestone; Schmidt 1921 Coll .; BGR X1280 • 1 specimen; Rhenish Mountains, Oberrödinghausen, railway cutting; Hangenberg Limestone, bed 2; Vöhringer Coll.; MB.C.31223 • 1 specimen; Rhenish Mountains, Oberrödinghausen, railway cutting; Hangenberg Limestone, bed 3c1; Weyer 1993–1994 Coll.; MB.C.31224 .</p><p>Description</p><p>Specimen MB.C.31223 was found in the unpublished parts of the Vöhringer collection; this so far unrecognised specimen is figured here (Fig. 116A). It is a fragment of a specimen with an original whorl height of about 14 mm. Its whorl profile is depressed with sinuous flanks slowly approaching the acute venter. The specimen shows sharp riblets, which originate from densely spaced collar-like structures. They extend in a shallow curve in forward direction across the flanks and end at the raised ventral keel. Near the venter, the riblets have a width of 0.6 mm, similar or identical with the width of the interspaces between the riblets. The entire flank bears spiral lines; these are much weaker than the riblets and occur between as well as on top of the riblets.</p><p>Remarks</p><p>Paralytoceras crispum differs from the other species of the genus in the wider umbilicus.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EA5C14CAB485F1FDF2FE14FB6786DA	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Korn, Dieter;Weyer, Dieter	Korn, Dieter, Weyer, Dieter (2023): The ammonoids from the Gattendorfia Limestone of Oberrödinghausen (Early Carboniferous; Rhenish Mountains, Germany). European Journal of Taxonomy 882: 1-230, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2023.882.2177, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2023.882.2177
03EA5C14CAB785F1FD69FD65FE22829C.text	03EA5C14CAB785F1FD69FD65FE22829C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Paralytoceras Frech 1902	<div><p>Paralytoceras sp. 1</p><p>Fig. 116B</p><p>Material examined</p><p>GERMANY • 1 specimen; Rhenish Mountains, Oberrödinghausen, railway cutting; Hangenberg Limestone, bed 3d1; Weyer 1993–1994 Coll.; illustrated in Fig. 116B; MB.C.31225 • 1 specimen; Rhenish Mountains, Oberrödinghausen, road cutting; Hangenberg Limestone, bed 3d; Korn &amp; Weyer 2000 Coll.; MB.C.31226 .</p><p>Description</p><p>The fragmentary specimen MB.C.31225 has about 8.5 mm whorl height and belongs to a subevolute ammonoid (Fig. 116B). The venter bears a prominent keel, which is raised out of the venter. The flank is covered by numerous collars standing in distances of 1.0 to 1.4 mm; these collars extend from the umbilical seam across flanks and venter. Between these collars, there occur very fine growth lines and coarser spiral elements, the latter cause a crenulation on the margins of the collars.</p><p>Paralytoceras (?) sp. 2</p><p>Fig. 116C; Table 112</p><p>Material examined</p><p>GERMANY • 1 specimen; Rhenish Mountains, Oberrödinghausen, railway cutting; Hangenberg Limestone, bed 3d1b; Weyer 1993–1994 Coll.; illustrated in Fig. 116C; MB.C.31227 .</p><p>Description</p><p>The single specimen (MB.C.31227) has 12.5 mm and is a thickly discoidal, subevolute conch with kidney-shaped whorl profile. Its ornament consists of coarse, sharp growth lines that extend with a wide sinus across the flanks and form a high, narrow ventrolateral projection and a rather narrow, deep ventral sinus (Fig. 116C).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EA5C14CAB785F1FD69FD65FE22829C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Korn, Dieter;Weyer, Dieter	Korn, Dieter, Weyer, Dieter (2023): The ammonoids from the Gattendorfia Limestone of Oberrödinghausen (Early Carboniferous; Rhenish Mountains, Germany). European Journal of Taxonomy 882: 1-230, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2023.882.2177, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2023.882.2177
03EA5C14CAB685F0FD87FD01FDBB87DD.text	03EA5C14CAB685F0FD87FD01FDBB87DD.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Prolecanitidae Hyatt 1884	<div><p>Family Prolecanitidae Hyatt, 1884</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Family of the Prolecanitoidea with an unsubdivided external lobe.</p><p>Family composition</p><p>Prolecanitinae Hyatt, 1884; Eocanitinae Weyer, 1972 [synonym of Prolecanitinae Hyatt, 1884]; Protocanitinae Weyer, 1972.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EA5C14CAB685F0FD87FD01FDBB87DD	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Korn, Dieter;Weyer, Dieter	Korn, Dieter, Weyer, Dieter (2023): The ammonoids from the Gattendorfia Limestone of Oberrödinghausen (Early Carboniferous; Rhenish Mountains, Germany). European Journal of Taxonomy 882: 1-230, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2023.882.2177, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2023.882.2177
03EA5C14CAB685F0FDEDFEFEFCD98607.text	03EA5C14CAB685F0FDEDFEFEFCD98607.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Prolecanitoidea Hyatt 1884	<div><p>Superfamily Prolecanitoidea Hyatt, 1884</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Superfamily of the Prolecanitina with an unsubdivided adventive lobe.</p><p>Superfamily composition</p><p>Prolecanitidae Hyatt, 1884; Daraelitidae Tschernow, 1907 .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EA5C14CAB685F0FDEDFEFEFCD98607	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Korn, Dieter;Weyer, Dieter	Korn, Dieter, Weyer, Dieter (2023): The ammonoids from the Gattendorfia Limestone of Oberrödinghausen (Early Carboniferous; Rhenish Mountains, Germany). European Journal of Taxonomy 882: 1-230, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2023.882.2177, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2023.882.2177
03EA5C14CAB6858FFDF8FC48FDE98358.text	03EA5C14CAB6858FFDF8FC48FDE98358.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Prolecanitinae Hyatt 1884	<div><p>Subfamily Prolecanitinae Hyatt, 1884</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Subfamily of the Prolecanitidae with a lanceolate or pouched external lobe.</p><p>Subfamily composition</p><p>Prolecanites Mojsisovics, 1882; Paraprolecanites Karpinsky, 1889 [synonym of Prolecanites Mojsisovics, 1882]; Metacanites Schindewolf, 1922; Rhipaeocanites Ruzhencev, 1949 [synonym of Prolecanites Mojsisovics, 1882]; Dombarocanites Ruzhencev, 1949; Eocanites Librovitch, 1957; Michiganites Ruzhencev, 1962; Katacanites Kullmann, 1963; Asioclymenia Sun &amp; Shen, 1965 [synonym of Eocanites Librovitch, 1957]; Becanites Korn, 1997; Kahlacanites Ebbighausen, Bockwinkel, Korn &amp; Weyer, 2004; Nomismocanites gen. nov.</p><p>Morphology</p><p>Most of the representatives of the Prolecanitinae share the “standard prolecanitid morphology”, meaning that they have an evolute conch with a compressed oval whorl profile and a very small whorl overlap zone. Most of the species possess a weak ornament consisting only of fine growth lines. It appears that the highest morphological diversity in the shape of the conch appears at the beginning of their evolutionary history, the earliest prolecanitid genus Eocanites shows a rather wide range of whorl profiles including compressed oval, circular, subquadratic shapes with rounded, flat and concave venter. The ornament ranges from delicate to coarse with lateral folds and weak riblets.</p><p>Ontogeny</p><p>Most of the representatives of the subfamily Prolecanitinae have a simple conch ontogeny, simply because the juvenile conchs usually do not differ markedly from the adults. Like many other Palaeozoic ammonoids, the conch of the prolecanitids tend to be more slender during ontogeny.</p><p>Eocanites has, like most of the other early prolecanitid ammonoids, an ontogeny with nearly monophasic trajectories of the cardinal conch parameters.As seen in specimen GPIT-PV-63981 ( E. delicatus sp. nov.), the ww/dm trajectory decreases from about 0.65 at 1.2 mm diameter to 0.28 at 12 mm diameter. The uw/ dm trajectory shows an initial increase to 0.57 at 3 mm diameter and then stays at this value. The whorl expansion rate fluctuates between 1.60 and 1.70 in the growth interval between 2 and 12 mm diameter.</p><p>Phylogeny</p><p>It is up to now not clear from where the genus Eocanites and with this the entire order Prolecanitida derives. An origin from Devonian ammonoids of the order Agoniatitida, as proposed by Schindewolf (1929) because of the putative different suture ontogeny (“U type ontogeny”) and accepted by Ruzhencev (1960) does not have to be discussed any longer. Already Vöhringer (1960) suggested an origin of the prolecanitid ammonoids from prionoceratids with wide umbilicus in the juvenile stage (such as Stockumites intermedius). Korn et al. (2003b) provides rather firm evidence that the suture ontogeny of the prolecanitids shows the A-mode and hence does not differ from the goniatitids, hence an origin from prionoceratids at the Devonian–Carboniferous boundary is most likely.</p><p>Eocanites appears suddenly with the rather distinct species E. ruani and this cannot be connected with any other ammonoid species so far. Among the genera with open umbilicus in a rather late growth interval, only Gattendorfia is known to occur at the same stratigraphic level. However, G. subinvoluta and G. rhenana sp. nov. possess inner whorls with a very characteristic trapezoidal profile, while these in Eocanites are circular or depressed oval. A tendency towards trapezoidal whorl profiles can also be seen in Stockumites, such as S. hilarus from the Devonian–Carboniferous boundary beds of the Anti-Atlas in Morocco (Korn et al. 2004, 2007). This may exclude a direct phylogenetic connection.</p><p>Stratigraphic occurrence</p><p>Representatives of the subfamily Prolecanitinae are known from near the base of the Carboniferous throughout to the Serpukhovian; particularly in the latest Viséan to early Serpukhovian strata of the South Urals they are diverse and very common (Ruzhencev &amp; Bogoslovskaya 1971).</p><p>Eocanites is obviously restricted to the Hangenberg Limestone and its time equivalents in other regions. Detailed bed-by-bed collections are only available from the Rhenish Mountains and it is particularly the Oberrödinghausen railway cutting that yielded numerous specimens from a number of horizons. At this place, the genus has not been recorded from the lowermost limestone bed (bed 6) but enters with E. ruani in bed 5. Only somewhat higher, the other species occur successively, e.g., E. nodosus in bed 4, E. brevis and E. spiratissimus in bed 3d, E. tener in bed 3c, E. supradevonicus in bed 3b, E. delicatus sp. nov. in bed 2 and E. planus in bed 1.</p><p>Geographic occurrence</p><p>Many of the Early Tournaisian ammonoid occurrences contain specimens of Eocanites and hence the genus shows a wide geographic distribution. The genus is reported from Alberta (questionable; Schindewolf 1959), south Portugal (Korn 1997), the Montagne Noire (Becker &amp; Weyer 2004; Korn &amp; Feist 2007), the Rhenish Mountains (Schmidt 1924; Schindewolf 1926b; Vöhringer 1960; Korn 1994; Korn &amp; Weyer 2003), the Thuringian Mountains (Bartzsch et al. 2003), Lower Silesia (Frech 1902; Dzik 1997) the Carnic Alps of Austria and Italy (Korn 1992b; Schönlaub et al. 1992), Guizhou (Sun &amp; Shen 1965; Ruan &amp; He 1974; Ruan 1981) and the Anti-Atlas of Morocco (Bockwinkel &amp; Ebbighausen 2006; Ebbighausen &amp; Bockwinkel 2007).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EA5C14CAB6858FFDF8FC48FDE98358	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Korn, Dieter;Weyer, Dieter	Korn, Dieter, Weyer, Dieter (2023): The ammonoids from the Gattendorfia Limestone of Oberrödinghausen (Early Carboniferous; Rhenish Mountains, Germany). European Journal of Taxonomy 882: 1-230, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2023.882.2177, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2023.882.2177
03EA5C14CAC9858EFD81F8CDFC1E8074.text	03EA5C14CAC9858EFD81F8CDFC1E8074.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Eocanites Librovitch 1957	<div><p>Genus Eocanites Librovitch, 1957</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Genus of the Prolecanitinae with the sutural formula E A L U I; lateral lobe small, cuneiform.</p><p>Genus composition</p><p>Eocanites is currently composed of 21 species, which have been described from various regions:</p><p>Central Europe(Schmidt 1925; Schindewolf 1926b; Vöhringer 1960; Bartzsch et al. 2003): Gattendorfia nodosa Schmidt, 1925; Protocanites supradevonicus Schindewolf, 1926; Protocanites planus Schindewolf, 1926; Protocanites spiratissimus Schindewolf, 1926; Protocanites supradevonicus brevis Vöhringer, 1960; Protocanites planus tener Vöhringer, 1960; Eocanites ruani Bartzsch, Korn &amp; Weyer, 2003; Eocanites delicatus sp. nov.</p><p>North Africa (Bockwinkel &amp; Ebbighausen 2006; Ebbighausen &amp; Bockwinkel 2007): Eocanites dkorni Bockwinkel &amp; Ebbighausen, 2006; Eocanites rtbeckeri Bockwinkel &amp; Ebbighausen, 2006; Eocanites simplex Bockwinkel &amp; Ebbighausen, 2006 .</p><p>South China (Sun &amp; Shen 1965; Ruan &amp; He 1974; Ruan 1981): Asioclymenia asiatica Sun &amp; Shen, 1965; Eocanites briareus Ruan, 1981; Eocanites circinatus Ruan, 1981; Eocanites curvicostatus Ruan, 1981; Eocanites holcoventrus Ruan, 1981; E ocanites huishuiensis Ruan, 1981; Eocanites nanus Ruan, 1981; Eocanites retiolus Ruan, 1981; Eocanites robustus Ruan, 1981; Eocanites rursiradiatus Ruan, 1981; Eocanites stenosellatus Ruan, 1981 .</p><p>Remarks</p><p>Eocanites, along with Protocanites, is the genus of the entire order Prolecanitida with the simplest suture line consisting only of the elements E A L U I. In contrast to Protocanites with a V-shaped external lobe, Eocanites has a parallel-sided or slightly pouched external lobe.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EA5C14CAC9858EFD81F8CDFC1E8074	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Korn, Dieter;Weyer, Dieter	Korn, Dieter, Weyer, Dieter (2023): The ammonoids from the Gattendorfia Limestone of Oberrödinghausen (Early Carboniferous; Rhenish Mountains, Germany). European Journal of Taxonomy 882: 1-230, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2023.882.2177, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2023.882.2177
03EA5C14CAC8858CFDCEFBC6FC028680.text	03EA5C14CAC8858CFDCEFBC6FC028680.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Eocanites ruani Bartzsch, Korn & Weyer 2003	<div><p>Eocanites ruani Bartzsch, Korn &amp; Weyer, 2003</p><p>Figs 117–118</p><p>Eocanites ruani Bartzsch, Korn &amp; Weyer, 2003: 8, text-figs 1–2.</p><p>Gattendorfia nodosa Schmidt, 1925: 536, pl. 19 fig. 10, pl. 23 fig. 3.</p><p>Protocanites nodosus – Vöhringer 1960: 169, pl. 6 fig. 1b, text-fig. 44a.</p><p>Eocanites nodosus – Korn &amp; Feist 2007: 108, text-fig. 6f.</p><p>non Eocanites ruani Becker &amp; Weyer 2004: 8, text-fig. 17.</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Species of the genus Eocanites with a conch reaching 50 mm diameter. Conch at 12 mm dm evolute (uw/dm ~0.50) with weakly depressed whorl profile (ww/wh ~1.05) and broadly rounded venter; conch at 30 mm dm evolute (uw/dm ~0.50) with weakly compressed whorl profile (ww/wh ~0.95) and flat or weakly concave venter. Ornament with moderately coarse, strongly rursiradiate, biconvex growth lines with deep ventral sinus. With low, rounded crescent-shaped ventrolateral ribs and nodes.</p><p>Material examined</p><p>Holotype</p><p>GERMANY • Thuringian Mountains, Saalfeld, Pfaffenberg SW quarry; Pfaffenberg Member of the Gleitsch Formation, bed 4; Bartzsch &amp; Weyer 1974 Coll.; illustrated by Bartzsch et al. (2003: text-fig. 1.1) and Korn (2006: text-fig. 4i); MB.C.5360.1.</p><p>Paratypes</p><p>GERMANY • 10 specimens; Thuringian Mountains, Saalfeld, Pfaffenberg SW quarry; Pfaffenberg Member of the Gleitsch Formation, bed 4; Bartzsch &amp; Weyer 1967–1976 Coll.; MB.C.5360.2–</p><p>MB.C.5360.9, MB.C.5361, MB.C.5362.1 • 1 specimen; Thuringian Mountains, Saalfeld, Pfaffenberg SW quarry; Pfaffenberg Member of the Gleitsch Formation, bed 4; Riedel Coll.; MB.C.5362.2.</p><p>Additional material</p><p>GERMANY • 1 specimen; Rhenish Mountains, Oberrödinghausen, railway cutting; Hangenberg Limestone, bed 4; Vöhringer Coll.; GPIT-PV-63970 • 1 specimen; Rhenish Mountains, Oberrödinghausen, railway cutting; Hangenberg Limestone, bed 5; Vöhringer Coll.; GPIT-PV-64001 • 3 specimens; Rhenish Mountains, Oberrödinghausen, railway cutting; Hangenberg Limestone, bed 4a; Weyer 1993–1994 Coll.; MB.C.31228.1–3 • 1 specimen; Rhenish Mountains, Oberrödinghausen, railway cutting; Hangenberg Limestone, bed 5a1; Weyer 1993–1994 Coll.; MB.C.31229 • 2 specimens; Rhenish Mountains, Oberrödinghausen, railway cutting; Hangenberg Limestone, bed 5a2; Weyer 1993–1994 Coll.; MB.C.31230.1–2 • 1 specimen; Rhenish Mountains, Oberrödinghausen, railway cutting; Hangenberg Limestone, bed 5b; Weyer 1993–1994 Coll.; MB.C.31231 • 1 specimen; Rhenish Mountains, Drewer; Hangenberg Limestone; Schmidt Coll.; GZG.INV.1690 .</p><p>Description</p><p>Specimen MB.C.31229 is a small fragment, but it clearly shows the characteristic features of the species (Fig. 117B). At 9 mm whorl height, the profile has almost equal width and height, but the flanks converge to the flattened, slightly concave venter. The specimen shows crescent-shaped ribs on the outer flank; these ribs form blunt nodes on the ventrolateral shoulder.</p><p>The transition to the adult stage can also be followed in the sectioned specimen GPIT-PV-63970; the almost circular juvenile whorl profile has developed a concave venter at 8 mm whorl height (Fig. 118A). The ontogenetic trajectories of the cardinal conch parameters are rather simple, at least to a conch diameter of 9 mm (Fig. 118 C-E).</p><p>The fragment of the larger specimen GPIT-PV-64001 represents the adult stage with flat venter and ribs on the flank, which turn into short nodes near the ventrolateral shoulder (Fig. 117A).</p><p>Remarks</p><p>Specimens of Eocanites ruani were considered by Schmidt (1925), Vöhringer (1960) and Korn (1994) as adult stages of E. nodosus . However, E. nodosus has a much finer ornament with coarse growth lines formed on the entire flank and venter; furthermore, ribs, nodes and a concave venter are not known from E. nodosus .</p><p>Eocanites ruani can be easily distinguished from almost all other Central European species of the genus by the concave venter and the characteristic crescent-shaped ribs on the outer half of the flank. Eocanites ruani is so far apparently the only representative of the genus from the lower part of the Gattendorfia stage.</p><p>Of the species of Eocanites described from Guizhou, E. holcoventrus and E. robustus have a concave venter, but both species have an almost square-shaped whorl profile. Furthermore, E. holcoventrus has no ribs and E. robustus has sigmoidally curved ribs on the flank.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EA5C14CAC8858CFDCEFBC6FC028680	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Korn, Dieter;Weyer, Dieter	Korn, Dieter, Weyer, Dieter (2023): The ammonoids from the Gattendorfia Limestone of Oberrödinghausen (Early Carboniferous; Rhenish Mountains, Germany). European Journal of Taxonomy 882: 1-230, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2023.882.2177, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2023.882.2177
03EA5C14CACA8589FD88F90BFBB28252.text	03EA5C14CACA8589FD88F90BFBB28252.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Eocanites nodosus (Schmidt 1925)	<div><p>Eocanites nodosus (Schmidt, 1925)</p><p>Figs 119–120; Tables 113–114</p><p>Gattendorfia nodosa Schmidt, 1925: 536, pl. 19 fig. 10, pl. 23 fig. 2.</p><p>Protocanites nodosus – Vöhringer 1960: 169, pl. 6 fig. 1a, text-fig. 44b.</p><p>Protocanites (Eocanites) nodosus – Weyer 1965: 457, pl. 7 fig. 4.</p><p>Eocanites nodosus – Weyer 1977: 173, pl. 1 fig. 4. — Korn 1994: 81, text-figs 73a–b, d, 74a, 75c; 2006, text-fig. 4h. — Dzik 1997: 108, text-fig. 29b. — Sprey 2002: pl. 4 fig. 6.</p><p>non Gattendorfia nodosa Schmidt, 1925: 536, pl. 19 fig. 10, pl. 23 fig. 3.</p><p>non Protocanites nodosus – Vöhringer 1960: 169, pl. 6 fig. 1b, text-fig. 44a.</p><p>non Eocanites nodosus – Korn 1997: 33, pl. 1 figs 4–5, text-fig. 18. — Korn &amp; Feist 2007: 108, text-fig. 6f.</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Species of the genus Eocanites with a conch reaching 35 mm diameter. Conch at 12 mm dm evolute (uw/dm ~0.50) with a weakly depressed whorl profile (ww/wh ~1.05) and a broadly rounded venter; conch at 30 mm dm evolute (uw/dm ~0.50) with weakly compressed whorl profile (ww/wh ~0.90) and broadly rounded venter. Ornament with coarse, strongly rursiradiate, biconvex, crenulated growth lines with deep ventral sinus. Ornament without ribs or nodes. Suture line with lanceolate external lobe and asymmetric, dorsally pouched adventive lobe.</p><p>Material examined</p><p>Lectotype</p><p>GERMANY • Rhenish Mountains, Oberrödinghausen, railway cutting; Hangenberg Limestone; Schmidt Coll.; designated by Vöhringer (1960); illustrated by Schmidt (1925: pl. 23 fig. 2), re-illustrated here in Fig. 119D; GZG.INV.1689.</p><p>Additional material</p><p>GERMANY • 1 specimen; Rhenish Mountains, Oberrödinghausen, railway cutting; Hangenberg Limestone, bed 3c; Vöhringer Coll.; GPIT-PV- 63968 • 1 specimen; Rhenish Mountains, Oberrödinghausen, railway cutting; Hangenberg Limestone, bed 3d; Vöhringer Coll .; GPIT-PV- 63972 • 1 specimen; Rhenish Mountains, Oberrödinghausen, west of railway cutting; Hangenberg Limestone, loose material; Korn 1977 Coll .; MB.C. 31232 • 2 specimens; Rhenish Mountains, Oberrödinghausen, railway cutting; Hangenberg Limestone, bed 3d1; Weyer 1993–1994 Coll.; MB.C. 31233.1–2 • 15 specimens; Rhenish Mountains, Oberrödinghausen, railway cutting; Hangenberg Limestone, bed 3d1b; Weyer 1993–1994 Coll.; MB.C. 31234.1–15 • 3 specimens; Rhenish Mountains, Oberrödinghausen, railway cutting; Hangenberg Limestone, bed 3d2; Weyer 1993–1994 Coll.; OR- MB.C. 31235.1–3 • 1 specimen; Rhenish Mountains, Hasselbachtal; Hangenberg Limestone, bed 71; Weyer 1993–1994 Coll.; MB.C. 5244.2.</p><p>Description</p><p>Lectotype GZG.INV.1689 has a conch diameter of 17.5 mm and possesses coarse, crenulated growth lines, but no ribs (Fig. 119D). Although more than 20 specimens are available, none is larger than 25 mm. The largest specimen GPIT-PV-63968 is still chambered at 19 mm conch diameter (Fig. 119A); therefore the total size including body chamber can be estimated at about 35 mm.</p><p>The three specimens GPIT-PV-63968 (25 mm dm; Fig. 119A), GPIT-PV-63972 (20 mm dm; Fig. Fig. 119B) and MB.C.31234.1 (19 mm dm; Fig. 119C) show very similar dimensions and conch proportions like the lectotype. They are very discoidal and serpenticonic (ww/dm = 0.28–0.36; uw/ dm = 0.46–0.48) with a more or less circular whorl profile (ww/wh = 0.93–1.14). All three show a rather coarse ornament with coarse growth lines directed backwards on the flank, between which finer spiral lines are formed. The growth lines themselves are not crossed by the spiral lines and therefore do not show granulation. The course of the growth lines is biconvex and rursiradiate.</p><p>The sectioned specimen MB.C.31234.2 allows the study of conch ontogeny up to 22 mm diameter (Fig. 120A). At all stages the whorl profile has a similar shape; it is widest at the broadly rounded umbilical margin and shows weakly converging flanks and a broadly rounded venter.</p><p>The ontogenetic trajectories of the cardinal conch parameters are rather simple (Fig. 120D–F). The uw/ dm ratio remains almost constant between 1 and 25 mm conch diameter at a value around 0.50 and the whorl expansion rate is stable at about 1.80. In contrast to this, the shape of the whorl profile changes continuously; the ww/wh ratio decreases from about 2.15 to 0.93. Correspondingly, the ww/dm ratio also decreases from ~0.60 to ~0.30.</p><p>The suture line of specimen GPIT-PV-63968 has a lanceolate, rather distinctly pouched external lobe, an inflated ventrolateral saddle and a distinctly asymmetric adventive lobe. This has a vertical, sigmoidal ventral flank and a very strongly sigmoidal dorsal flank (Fig. 120B). The lateral lobe is small and V-shaped.</p><p>Remarks</p><p>Schmidt (1925) as well as Vöhringer (1960) and Korn (1994) united two forms under the species Eocanites nodosus; they assumed that the ribbed adult stage with concave venter belongs to the subadult form with very coarse, crenulated growth lines. However, there is no evidence for this assumption, because the ribbed species E. ruani already has an almost rectangular profile and strong radial ribs at a whorl height of 10 mm, where specimens of E. nodosus do not possess ribs. The selection of the lectotype led to the somewhat peculiar situation that the species name E. nodosus is now used not for the nodose form (later described as E. ruani), but for the non-nodose form.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EA5C14CACA8589FD88F90BFBB28252	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Korn, Dieter;Weyer, Dieter	Korn, Dieter, Weyer, Dieter (2023): The ammonoids from the Gattendorfia Limestone of Oberrödinghausen (Early Carboniferous; Rhenish Mountains, Germany). European Journal of Taxonomy 882: 1-230, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2023.882.2177, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2023.882.2177
03EA5C14CACF8587FD87F9EBFCE280E2.text	03EA5C14CACF8587FD87F9EBFCE280E2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Eocanites brevis (Vohringer 1960)	<div><p>Eocanites brevis (Vöhringer, 1960)</p><p>Figs 121–122; Tables 115–116</p><p>Protocanites supradevonicus brevis Vöhringer, 1960: 172, pl. 6 fig. 5, text-fig. 46a.</p><p>Protocanites (Eocanites) supradevonicus brevis – Weyer 1965: 458, pl. 6 fig. 5.</p><p>Eocanites brevis – Korn 1994: 81, text-figs 73c, 75b. — Korn et al. 2003b: 1125, text-fig. 3a.</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Species of the genus Eocanites with a conch reaching 50 mm diameter. Conch at 12 mm dm evolute (uw/dm ~0.50) with weakly compressed whorl profile (ww/wh ~0.90) and broadly rounded venter; conch at 30 mm dm evolute (uw/dm ~0.50) with weakly compressed whorl profile (ww/wh ~0.85) and broadly rounded venter. Ornament with coarse, strongly rursiradiate, concavo-convex growth lines with moderately deep ventral sinus; without ribs.</p><p>Material examined</p><p>Holotype</p><p>GERMANY • Rhenish Mountains, Oberrödinghausen, railway cutting; Hangenberg Limestone, bed 3c; Vöhringer Coll.; illustrated by Vöhringer (1960: pl. 6 fig. 5) and Korn (1994, text-fig. 73c); re-illustrated here in Fig. 121A; GPIT-PV- 63985.</p><p>Paratypes</p><p>GERMANY • 1 specimen; Rhenish Mountains, Oberrödinghausen, railway cutting; Hangenberg Limestone,bed3a;Vöhringer Coll.;GPIT-PV-63983 • 1specimen;Rhenish Mountains,Oberrödinghausen, railway cutting; Hangenberg Limestone, bed 3c; Vöhringer Coll.; GPIT-PV-63987.</p><p>Additional material</p><p>GERMANY • 1 specimen; Rhenish Mountains, Oberrödinghausen, railway cutting; Hangenberg Limestone, loose material; Korn 1990 Coll.; MB.C. 31236 • 5 specimens; Rhenish Mountains, Oberrödinghausen, railway cutting; Hangenberg Limestone, bed 3a; Weyer 1993–1994 Coll.; MB.C. 31237.3–5 • 1 specimen; Rhenish Mountains, Oberrödinghausen, railway cutting; Hangenberg Limestone, bed 3c 1; Weyer 1993–1994 Coll.; MB.C. 31238 • 3 specimens; Rhenish Mountains, Oberrödinghausen, railway cutting; Hangenberg Limestone, bed 3d1; Weyer 1993–1994 Coll.; MB.C. 31239.1–3.</p><p>Description</p><p>Holotype GPIT-PV-63985 is a completely shell-covered specimen of 18 mm conch diameter (Fig. 121A). It is extremely discoidal and evolute (ww/dm ~0.22; uw/dm ~0.50) with a compressed oval whorl profile (ww/wh ~0.80). The ornament consists of rather coarse growth lines, which are directed backwards on the inner flank half and describe a radial course on the outer flank half; the ventral sinus is rather shallow and broadly rounded (Fig. 122B).</p><p>The cross section of paratype GPIT-PV-63987 allows the study of the conch ontogeny from the initial stage to a diameter of 27 mm (Fig. 122A). All stages larger than 2 mm dm are very similar in shape with almost static umbilical width and coiling rate (Fig. 122C, E); however, the whorl profile becomes continuously narrower (from ww/wh ~1.50 at 2 mm dm to ~0.85 at 27 mm dm; (Fig. 122D).</p><p>Remarks</p><p>Eocanites brevis resembles E. nodosus, but has considerably weaker growth lines and no spiral lines. Eocanites brevis is separated from E. delicatus sp. nov. by the compressed whorl profile (ww/wh ~ 0.80 in E. brevis but ~ 0.90 in E. delicatus at about 40 mm dm) and from E. planus by the wider umbilicus (uw/dm ~ 0.50 in contrast to less than 0.45 in E. planus).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EA5C14CACF8587FD87F9EBFCE280E2	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Korn, Dieter;Weyer, Dieter	Korn, Dieter, Weyer, Dieter (2023): The ammonoids from the Gattendorfia Limestone of Oberrödinghausen (Early Carboniferous; Rhenish Mountains, Germany). European Journal of Taxonomy 882: 1-230, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2023.882.2177, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2023.882.2177
03EA5C14CAC08585FD80FE98FDEE80BF.text	03EA5C14CAC08585FD80FE98FDEE80BF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Eocanites tener (Vohringer 1960)	<div><p>Eocanites tener (Vöhringer, 1960)</p><p>Fig. 123A; Table 117</p><p>Protocanites planus tener Vöhringer, 1960: 176, pl. 6 fig. 4.</p><p>Protocanites (Eocanites) planus tener – Weyer 1965: 458, pl. 8 fig. 5.</p><p>Eocanites tener – Korn 1994: 83, text-fig. 73g.</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Species of the genus Eocanites with a conch reaching 35 mm diameter. Conch at 12 mm dm evolute (uw/ dm ~0.50) with weakly compressed whorl profile (ww/wh ~0.90) and broadly rounded venter; conch at 20 mm dm evolute (uw/dm ~0.50) with weakly compressed whorl profile (ww/wh ~0.90) and broadly rounded venter. Ornament with very fine, rursiradiate, concavo-convex growth lines with moderately deep ventral sinus. Without ribs.</p><p>Material examined</p><p>Holotype</p><p>GERMANY • Rhenish Mountains, Oberrödinghausen, railway cutting; Hangenberg Limestone, bed 3c; Vöhringer Coll .; illustrated by Vöhringer (1960: pl. 6 fig. 4) and Korn (1994: text-fig. 73g); re-illustrated here in Fig. 123A; GPIT-PV-64006.</p><p>Paratype</p><p>GERMANY • Rhenish Mountains, Oberrödinghausen, railway cutting; Hangenberg Limestone, bed 3b; Vöhringer Coll.; GPIT-PV-63994 .</p><p>Additional material</p><p>GERMANY • 1 specimen; Rhenish Mountains, Oberrödinghausen, railway cutting; Hangenberg Limestone, bed 3c; Vöhringer Coll.; MB.C. 31240 • 7 specimens; Rhenish Mountains, Oberrödinghausen, railway cutting; Hangenberg Limestone, bed 3a; Weyer 1993–1994 Coll.; MB.C. 31241.1–7 • 1 specimen; Rhenish Mountains, Oberrödinghausen, railway cutting; Hangenberg Limestone, bed 3b; Weyer 1993–1994 Coll.; MB.C. 31242 • 2 specimens; Rhenish Mountains, Oberrödinghausen, railway cutting; Hangenberg Limestone, bed 3c1; Weyer 1993–1994 Coll.; MB.C. 31243.1–2 • 5 specimens; Rhenish Mountains, Oberrödinghausen, railway cutting; Hangenberg Limestone, bed 3d1; Weyer 1993– 1994 Coll.; MB.C. 312441.1–5 • 2 specimens; Rhenish Mountains, Oberrödinghausen, railway cutting; Hangenberg Limestone, bed 3d1 b; Weyer 1993–1994 Coll .; MB.C. 31245.1–2.</p><p>Description</p><p>Holotype GPIT-PV-64006 is a specimen with a diameter of 18 mm (Fig. 123A). It is extremely discoidal and evolute (ww/dm ~0.25; uw/dm ~0.50) with an oval whorl profile (ww/wh ~0.80). The shell appears to be almost smooth, but it bears very fine growth lines with concave course on the flank.</p><p>Remarks</p><p>Eocanites tener is separated from most other species of the genus by its almost smooth shell surface. Only E. planus also has an almost smooth shell, but has a narrower umbilicus (uw/dm is less than 0.45 in E. planus, but ~ 0.50 in E. tener).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EA5C14CAC08585FD80FE98FDEE80BF	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Korn, Dieter;Weyer, Dieter	Korn, Dieter, Weyer, Dieter (2023): The ammonoids from the Gattendorfia Limestone of Oberrödinghausen (Early Carboniferous; Rhenish Mountains, Germany). European Journal of Taxonomy 882: 1-230, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2023.882.2177, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2023.882.2177
03EA5C14CAC38584FDC1FA82FE3D8239.text	03EA5C14CAC38584FDC1FA82FE3D8239.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Eocanites spiratissimus (Schindewolf 1926)	<div><p>Eocanites spiratissimus (Schindewolf, 1926)</p><p>Fig. 123B–F; Tables 118–119</p><p>Protocanites spiratissimus Schindewolf, 1926: 105 .</p><p>Protocanites spiratissimus – Vöhringer 1960: 175, pl. 6 fig. 6, text-figs 45, 51.</p><p>Protocanites (Eocanites) spiratissimus – Weyer 1965: 458.</p><p>Eocanites spiratissimus – Korn 1994: 83, text-figs 73h.</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Species of the genus Eocanites with a conch reaching 25 mm diameter. Conch at 12 mm dm very evolute (uw/dm ~0.60) with weakly depressed whorl profile (ww/wh ~1.10) and broadly rounded venter. Ornament with very fine, rursiradiate, concavo-convex growth lines with moderately deep ventral sinus. Without ribs.</p><p>Material examined</p><p>Neotype</p><p>GERMANY • Rhenish Mountains, Oberrödinghausen, railway cutting; Hangenberg Limestone, bed 3c; Vöhringer Coll.; illustrated by Vöhringer (1960: pl. 6 fig. 3) and Korn (1994: text-fig. 73h); re-illustrated here in Fig. 123B; GPIT-PV- 64007.</p><p>Additional material</p><p>GERMANY • 2 specimens; Rhenish Mountains, Oberrödinghausen, railway cutting; Hangenberg Limestone, bed 3c; Vöhringer Coll.; GPIT-PV- 64012, GPIT-PV- 64010 .</p><p>Description</p><p>Neotype GPIT-PV-64007 is a specimen with only 13 mm diameter and is largely embedded in a small limestone block (Fig. 123B). The dimensions can only be partially estimated, but it is clear that the conch is very evolute (uw/dm ~0.60 and that the whorl profile is almost circular. The shell appears to be smooth and bears very fine, rursiradiate growth lines.</p><p>The sectioned specimen GPIT-PV-64012 allows the study of conch geometry up to 10 mm diameter (Fig. 123C). The umbilicus is extremely wide between 3 and 10 mm conch diameter (uw/dm exceeds the value of 0.60) and the whorl profile decreases continuously from uw/wh ~1.40 to ~1.25.</p><p>Remarks</p><p>A type specimen was not selected when Schindewolf (1926b) described the species Eocanites spiratissimus; obviously no later author has determined a lectotype. In his monograph, Vöhringer (1960) did not give any information on a type of the species either. For this reason, a neotype from the Vöhringer Collection from the type locality is proposed here. Eocanites spiratissimus differs from the other species of Eocanites in the very wide umbilicus at 10 mm conch diameter. The uw/dm ratio exceeds, at 10 mm conch diameter, a value of 0.60 in E. spiratissimus, but usually less than 0.55 in the other species.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EA5C14CAC38584FDC1FA82FE3D8239	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Korn, Dieter;Weyer, Dieter	Korn, Dieter, Weyer, Dieter (2023): The ammonoids from the Gattendorfia Limestone of Oberrödinghausen (Early Carboniferous; Rhenish Mountains, Germany). European Journal of Taxonomy 882: 1-230, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2023.882.2177, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2023.882.2177
03EA5C14CAC28582FDCEF904FAC58778.text	03EA5C14CAC28582FDCEF904FAC58778.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Eocanites supradevonicus (Schindewolf 1926)	<div><p>Eocanites supradevonicus (Schindewolf, 1926)</p><p>Fig. 124; Table 120</p><p>Protocanites supradevonicus Schindewolf, 1926: 104, text-figs 3a, 4–5.</p><p>Protocanites supradevonicus supradevonicus – Bartzsch &amp; Weyer 1982: 19, text-fig. 4/1.</p><p>non Protocanites supradevonicus supradevonicus – Vöhringer 1960: 171, pl. 6 fig. 2, text-figs 46b, 48.</p><p>non Eocanites supradevonicus – Korn 1994: 80, text-figs 66m, 73e, 74c, 75a; 2006: text-fig. 4J. — Kullmann 2000: text-fig. 4m. — Furnish et al. 2009: text-fig. 117.2.</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Species of the genus Eocanites with a conch reaching 50 mm diameter. Conch at 30 mm dm evolute (uw/dm ~0.55) with a weakly compressed whorl profile (ww/wh ~0.85) and a broadly rounded venter. Ornament with fine, weakly rursiradiate, concavo-convex growth lines with moderately deep ventral sinus. With low, rounded radial folds.</p><p>Material examined</p><p>Neotype</p><p>GERMANY • Rhenish Mountains, Oberrödinghausen, railway cutting; Hangenberg Limestone, bed 3b; Weyer 1993–1994 Coll.; illustrated in Fig. 124; MB.C. 31246.</p><p>Description</p><p>Neotype MB.C.31246 is a rather well-preserved, fully shell-covered specimen with 45 mm conch diameter (Fig. 124). It is extremely discoidal and evolute (ww/dm = 0.21; uw/dm = 0.54) with a compressed whorl profile (ww/wh = 0.81). The coiling rate is moderate (WER = 1.76). The whorl profile is widest in the dorsal flank region; from there the flanks slowly converge towards the broadly rounded venter. The well-preserved shell ornament has fine, sharp growth lines at different distances; they extend from the umbilicus slightly in backward direction. They form a lateral sinus on the middle of the flank and curve anteriorly to a ventrolateral projection and a rather shallow ventral sinus. In addition, there are very shallow radial folds (about eight per quarter whorl), which are most prominent on the inner and outer flanks; they are usually very weak on the middle of the flank and diminish before reaching the venter.</p><p>Remarks</p><p>Schindewolf (1926b) did not select a holotype when describing the species Eocanites supradevonicus; a type specimen was obviously not subsequently dedicated as a lectotype. Vöhringer (1960) did not give any information on a type of the species in his monograph either. He also did not discuss the possible differences in conch shape and ornament between his specimens and the original description given by Schindewolf (1926b). To stabilise the species, a neotype from the Weyer collection from the type locality is proposed here.</p><p>The specimen already illustrated by Vöhringer (1960) as Eocanites supradevonicus obviously has a much weaker ornamentation than the specimen of the poor illustration given by Schindewolf (1926b), which is very evolute and shows an ornament composed of very low radial folds and growth lines.</p><p>Eocanites supradevonicus differs from most of the other Central European species of the genus by its very wide umbilicus (uw/dm ~0.55), which in many of the other species only reaches a width of 0.50 in the adult stage. Furthermore, E. supradevonicus differs from most species by its weak folds on the flank.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EA5C14CAC28582FDCEF904FAC58778	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Korn, Dieter;Weyer, Dieter	Korn, Dieter, Weyer, Dieter (2023): The ammonoids from the Gattendorfia Limestone of Oberrödinghausen (Early Carboniferous; Rhenish Mountains, Germany). European Journal of Taxonomy 882: 1-230, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2023.882.2177, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2023.882.2177
03EA5C14CAC4859FFDBAFCC4FB1485DD.text	03EA5C14CAC4859FFDBAFCC4FB1485DD.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Eocanites delicatus Korn & Weyer 2023	<div><p>Eocanites delicatus sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 84F708EA-F37B-4DF4-8503-B777178537CA</p><p>Figs 125–126; Tables 121–122</p><p>Protocanites Lyoni – Schmidt 1924: 153, pl. 8 figs 14–18. — Schmidt, 1925: 537, pl. 19 fig. 11.</p><p>Protocanites supradevonicus supradevonicus – Vöhringer 1960: 171, pl. 6 fig. 2, text-figs 46b, 48.</p><p>Eocanites supradevonicus – Korn 1994: 80, text-figs 66m, 73e, 74c, 75a; 2006: text-fig. 4j. — Kullmann 2000: text-fig. 4m. — Sprey 2002: 53, text-fig. 18g. — Furnish et al. 2009: text-fig. 117.2.</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Species of the genus Eocanites with a conch reaching 60 mm diameter. Conch at 12 mm dm evolute (uw/dm ~0.55) with weakly depressed whorl profile (ww/wh ~1.10) and broadly rounded venter; conch at 30 mm dm evolute (uw/dm ~0.50) with nearly circular whorl profile (ww/wh ~1.00) and broadly rounded venter. Ornament with fine, rursiradiate, concavo-convex growth lines with moderately deep ventral sinus. With low, rounded folds on the flank. Suture line with weakly pouched external lobe and lanceolate, weakly pouched adventive lobe.</p><p>Etymology</p><p>From the Latin ‘ delicatus ’, referring to the delicate shell ornament.</p><p>Material examined</p><p>Holotype</p><p>GERMANY • Rhenish Mountains, Oberrödinghausen, railway cutting; Hangenberg Limestone, bed 1; Vöhringer Coll.; illustrated by Vöhringer (1960: pl. 6 fig. 2), Korn (1994: text-fig. 73e) and Korn (2006: text-fig. 4j); re-illustrated here in Fig. 125A.; GPIT-PV-63997.</p><p>Paratypes</p><p>GERMANY • 1 specimen; Rhenish Mountains, Oberrödinghausen, railway cutting; Hangenberg Limestone,bed1; Vöhringer Coll.;GPIT-PV-64008 • 2specimens; Rhenish Mountains, Oberrödinghausen, railway cutting; Hangenberg Limestone, bed 2; Vöhringer Coll.; GPIT-PV-63981, GPIT-PV-63999 • 2 specimens; Rhenish Mountains, Oberrödinghausen, railway cutting; Hangenberg Limestone, loose material; Korn 1977 Coll.; MB.C.31247.1–2 • 2 specimens; Rhenish Mountains, Oberrödinghausen, railway cutting; Hangenberg Limestone, loose material; Korn 1990 Coll.; MB.C.31248.1–2 • 1 specimen; Rhenish Mountains, Oberrödinghausen, railway cutting; Hangenberg Limestone, bed 2b; Korn 1991 Coll.; MB.C.31249 • 2 specimens; Rhenish Mountains, Oberrödinghausen, railway cutting; Hangenberg Limestone, bed 1; Weyer 1993–1994 Coll.; MB.C.31250.1–2 • 10 specimens; Rhenish Mountains, Oberrödinghausen, railway cutting; Hangenberg Limestone, bed 2a; Weyer 1993–1994 Coll.; MB.C.31251.1–10 • 2 specimens; Rhenish Mountains, Oberrödinghausen, railway cutting; Hangenberg Limestone, bed 2b; Weyer 1993–1994 Coll.; MB.C.31252.1–2 .</p><p>Description</p><p>Holotype GPIT-PV-63997 is a well-preserved specimen with 42 mm conch diameter embedded in rock matrix (Fig. 125A). The conch is extremely discoidal with a wide umbilicus (ww/dm ~0.25; uw/dm ~0.50) and a compressed oval whorl profile (ww/wh ~0.85); the coiling rate is low (WER ~1.70). The shell bears fine, regularly spaced growth lines that are directed backwards on the flank. A very weak radial folding is also visible on the flank.</p><p>Paratype MB.C.31247.1 is a specimen with 31 mm diameter (Fig. 125B); it is thinly discoidal and evolute with a nearly circular whorl profile (ww/dm ~0.28; uw/dm ~0.50; ww/wh ~0.96). The ornament consists of fine growth lines running backwardly directed across the flanks and form a rounded ventral sinus.</p><p>Eocanites delicatus sp. nov. has, like most of the other early prolecanitid ammonoids, a rather simple conch ontogeny with nearly monophasic trajectories of the cardinal conch parameters. As seen in specimens GPIT-PV-64008 (Fig. 126A) and GPIT-PV-63981 (Fig. 126B), the uw/dm trajectory decreases from about 0.65 at 1.2 mm diameter to 0.28 at 12 mm diameter. The uw/dm trajectory shows an initial increase to 0.57 at 3 mm diameter and then stays at this value. The whorl expansion rate fluctuates between 1.60 and 1.70 in the growth interval between 2 and 12 mm diameter (Fig. 126E–G).</p><p>Remarks</p><p>The holotype that was illustrated by Vöhringer (1960) under the name Eocanites supradevonicus has a much weaker ornament than the specimen of the poor illustration given by Schindewolf (1926b) and is thus not included in that species.</p><p>Eocanites delicatus sp. nov. can be distinguished from E. supradevonicus by several characteristics. Firstly, the conch of E. delicatus is slightly less widely umbilicate (uw/dm ~ 0.50 in contrast to E. supradevonicus with a value of ~0.55) and secondly, E. delicatus shows only very weak folds on the flank, which are developed much stronger in E. supradevonicus . Eocanites delicatus differs from the similar species E. brevis in the shape of the whorl profile, which in E. delicatus is still almost circular at 35 mm conch diameter, whereas in E. brevis it is already compressed at 10 mm conch diameter (ww/ wh ~0.90). Eocanites planus and E. tener also differ from E. delicatus in this respect.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EA5C14CAC4859FFDBAFCC4FB1485DD	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Korn, Dieter;Weyer, Dieter	Korn, Dieter, Weyer, Dieter (2023): The ammonoids from the Gattendorfia Limestone of Oberrödinghausen (Early Carboniferous; Rhenish Mountains, Germany). European Journal of Taxonomy 882: 1-230, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2023.882.2177, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2023.882.2177
03EA5C14CAD9859EFDF8FE7EFB748093.text	03EA5C14CAD9859EFDF8FE7EFB748093.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Eocanites planus (Schindewolf 1926)	<div><p>Eocanites planus (Schindewolf, 1926)</p><p>Fig. 127; Table 123</p><p>Protocanites planus Schindewolf, 1926: 105 .</p><p>Protocanites planus planus – Vöhringer 1960: 174, pl. 6 fig. 3, text-fig. 49.</p><p>Eocanites planus – Korn 1994: 82, text-figs 73f, 74b.</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Species of the genus Eocanites with a conch reaching 50 mm diameter. Conch at 30 mm dm subevolute (uw/dm ~0.42) with weakly compressed whorl profile (ww/wh ~0.75) and broadly rounded venter. Ornament with very fine, rursiradiate, concavo-convex growth lines with moderately deep ventral sinus. Without ribs. Suture line with parallel-sided external lobe and lanceolate adventive lobe.</p><p>Material examined</p><p>Neotype</p><p>GERMANY • Rhenish Mountains, Oberrödinghausen, railway cutting; Hangenberg Limestone, bed 1; Vöhringer Coll.; illustrated by Vöhringer (1960: pl. 6 fig. 3) and Korn (1994: text-fig. 73f); re-illustrated here in Fig. 127A; GPIT-PV- 64009.</p><p>Additional material</p><p>GERMANY • 1 specimen; Rhenish Mountains, Oberrödinghausen, railway cutting; Hangenberg Limestone, loose material; Vöhringer Coll.; GPIT-PV- 63990 .</p><p>Description</p><p>Neotype GPIT-PV-64009 is a shell-covered specimen of 40 mm conch diameter embedded in a limestone block (Fig. 127A). The conch is extremely discoidal and subevolute (ww/dm = 0.23; uw/dm = 0.43) with a compressed oval whorl profile (ww/wh = 0.70) and a high coiling rate (WER = 2.04). The shell surface appears to be smooth.</p><p>The suture line of specimen GPIT-PV-63990 shows a parallel-walled external lobe, a symmetrically rounded ventrolateral saddle and a lanceolate adventive lobe with parallel flanks (Fig. 127B).</p><p>Remarks</p><p>A type specimen was not selected when Schindewolf (1926b) described the species Eocanites planus; obviously no later author has determined a lectotype. In his monograph, Vöhringer (1960) also did not give any information on a type of the species. For this reason, a neotype from the Vöhringer Collection from the type locality is proposed here.</p><p>Eocanites planus differs from the other species of the genus from Central Europe in the narrower umbilicus and the higher coiling rate (WER exceeding 2.05); the uw/dm ratio is less than 0.45 in E. planus but 0.50 or more and the whorl expansion rate is below 2.00 in the other species.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EA5C14CAD9859EFDF8FE7EFB748093	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Korn, Dieter;Weyer, Dieter	Korn, Dieter, Weyer, Dieter (2023): The ammonoids from the Gattendorfia Limestone of Oberrödinghausen (Early Carboniferous; Rhenish Mountains, Germany). European Journal of Taxonomy 882: 1-230, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2023.882.2177, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2023.882.2177
03EA5C14CAD8859EFD9DFAACFAE9838F.text	03EA5C14CAD8859EFD9DFAACFAE9838F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Nomismocanites Korn & Weyer 2023	<div><p>Genus Nomismocanites gen. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: B644E02C-31E3-4979-B300-4AC631D7D8FD</p><p>Etymology</p><p>Combination of the genus names Nomismoceras and Eocanites because of its coin-shaped conch morphology.</p><p>Type species</p><p>Nomismocanites raritas gen. et sp. nov.</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Genus of the Subfamily Prolecanitinae with coin-shaped conch with high whorl overlap zone. Ornament with strongly concavo-convex, rectiradiate growth lines.</p><p>Remarks</p><p>Nomismocanites gen. nov. differs from all other Early Tournaisian prolecanitid ammonoids in the extremely discoidal conch and the relative high whorl overlap rate (IZR about 0.30 in Nomismocanites but 0.05 to 0.15 in species of Eocanites, for instance). Only Kahlacanites Ebbighausen, Bockwinkel, Korn &amp; Weyer 2004 has a similar overlap rate but this genus differs in the much wider whorl profile.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EA5C14CAD8859EFD9DFAACFAE9838F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Korn, Dieter;Weyer, Dieter	Korn, Dieter, Weyer, Dieter (2023): The ammonoids from the Gattendorfia Limestone of Oberrödinghausen (Early Carboniferous; Rhenish Mountains, Germany). European Journal of Taxonomy 882: 1-230, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2023.882.2177, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2023.882.2177
03EA5C14CADB859DFDE0FE99FD6081F4.text	03EA5C14CADB859DFDE0FE99FD6081F4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Nomismocanites raritas Korn & Weyer 2023	<div><p>Nomismocanites raritas gen. et sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 4A1A2F0D-59CF-4F75-97CD-8F2ED1381525</p><p>Fig. 128; Table 124</p><p>Etymology</p><p>From the Latin ‘ raritas ’ = ‘rarity’, as only one specimen has been found so far.</p><p>Material examined</p><p>Holotype</p><p>GERMANY • Rhenish Mountains, Oberrödinghausen, railway cutting; Hangenberg Limestone, bed 3d1b; Weyer 1993–1994 Coll.; illustrated in Fig. 128; MB.C. 31253.</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Species of the genus Nomismocanites gen. nov. with a conch reaching 25 mm diameter. Conch at 15 mm dm extremely discoidal and evolute (uw/dm ~0.55) with weakly compressed whorl profile (ww/wh ~0.90) and rounded venter. Ornament with lamellar, rectiradiate, concavo-convex growth lines with deep ventral sinus. With low, rounded crescent-shaped ventrolateral notches in the shell.</p><p>Description</p><p>Holotype MB.C.31253 has nearly 19 mm conch diameter and is rather well-preserved (Fig. 128). It is extremely discoidal (ww/dm = 0.22) and evolute (uw/dm = 0.49); during the last half volution, the uw/ dm ratio decreases from 0.54 to 0.49. The flanks are subparallel, weakly convergent and flattened but the whorl profile changes on the last half volution; here it shows a weak depression in the outer flank area. The venter is slightly flattened, hence the conch shape reminds on a thick coin. The coiling rate is low (WER = 1.65) and the whorl overlap is rather high (IZR = 0.29) when compared with other prolecanitid ammonoids.</p><p>The shell ornament consists of lamellar concavo-convex growth-lines with a semicircular dorsolateral sinus, a moderately prominent ventrolateral projection and a deep ventral sinus. On the last 60 degrees segment, there are weak radial depressions visible on the outer flank in the area of the ventrolateral projection of the growth lines, whose course they follow.</p><p>The suture line is not visible in the specimen.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EA5C14CADB859DFDE0FE99FD6081F4	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Korn, Dieter;Weyer, Dieter	Korn, Dieter, Weyer, Dieter (2023): The ammonoids from the Gattendorfia Limestone of Oberrödinghausen (Early Carboniferous; Rhenish Mountains, Germany). European Journal of Taxonomy 882: 1-230, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2023.882.2177, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2023.882.2177
