identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
03EB87B1283F1248FE89619EFC72F9F0.text	03EB87B1283F1248FE89619EFC72F9F0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Tanacetipathes Opresko 2001	<div><p>Tanacetipathes, Opresko, 2001 b</p><p>Diagnosis. Corallum monopodial or branched. Stem and branches complexly pinnulate, producing a bottlebrush appearance. Primary pinnules arranged in four to six rows along the axis, in alternating biserial groups of varying regularity. Posterior primary pinnules with 1–3 orders of subpinnules; secondary and higher order pinnules present on abpolypar, and sometimes polypar side of lower order pinnules. First and second anterior primary pinnules simple or with secondary and sometimes higher order subpinnules.</p><p>Type species. Tanacetipathes tanacetum (Pourtalès, 1880) .</p><p>Type locality. “Lesser Antiles” (Pourtalès, 1880).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EB87B1283F1248FE89619EFC72F9F0	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Loiola, Livia L.;Castro, Clovis B.	Loiola, Livia L., Castro, Clovis B. (2005): Tanacetipathes Opresko, 2001 (Cnidaria: Antipatharia: Myriopathidae) from Brazil, including two new species. Zootaxa 1081: 1-31, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.170393
03EB87B1283F1245FE8963E9FBE3FE08.text	03EB87B1283F1245FE8963E9FBE3FE08.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Tanacetipathes barbadensis (Brook 1889) Brook 1889	<div><p>Tanacetipathes barbadensis (Brook, 1889)</p><p>Figures 4–5</p><p>Aphanipathes barbadensis Brook, 1889: 128, Pl. II, Fig. 10; Pl. XI, Fig. 4. Antipathes barbadensis: Warner, 1981: 151 –152, Figs. 8 and 9.</p><p>Tanacetipathes barbadensis: Opresko 2001a: 358 –361, Figs. 11 b and 12a; 2001b: 349. Antipathes hirta: Echeverría, 2002: 1072 –1075, Figs. 5–7, tabs. 2–3 [non Tanacetipathes hirta (Gray, 1857)].</p><p>Material examined. Brazil: Abrolhos Bank: Popa Verde Reefs (MNRJ 2467, 2548, 2577, 2579, 3071, 4602, 5136: 18 colonies); Timbebas Reefs, 17º30’ S, 039º00’ W, 8m (MNRJ 2847: 1 colony); Pedra da Lixa, Parcel das Paredes, 17º40’ S, 038º57’ W, about 18m (MNRJ 4607: 4 colonies); Parcel das Paredes, 17º49’ S, 038º55’ W (MNRJ 4608: 1 colony). Almost all specimens were collected between depths of 8 and 20 m (pers. obs.).</p><p>Diagnosis. Corallum unbranched, sparsely branched, or branched to the 5th order or more; stem and branches pinnulate in a bottlebrush pattern, with up to three orders of pinnules (Figs. 4 a–c, 5a–c). Primary pinnules in 4–5 (rarely 6) rows, arranged in laterally alternating groups of 2 (when the second anterior pinnule is absent) or 3 pinnules; maximum length of anterior primary pinnules 12–43 mm (average 21.18 ± 7.35 mm), maximum length of posterior primaries, 16–45 mm (average 31.18 ± 8.94 mm). Secondary pinnules usually abpolypar, most often one or two, elongated, very close to the proximal end of the primaries (Figs. 4 c, 5c); occasionally, primaries with numerous secondaries, up to 20 mm long (maximum length average 14.88 ± 6.44 mm) extending out within the plane delineated by the primaries in each lateral group (Figs. 4 c, 5c). Primaries with numerous secondaries seem to be an intermediate condition between pinnule and branch, with larger secondary pinnules appearing as primaries of the new young branch. Tertiary pinnules small and rarely present, usually less than 0.5 cm long and occurring primarily near the basal part of the secondaries (Fig. 4 c). Spines on pinnules simple, elongate, conical, acute, with small ornamentations, and inclined distally (Figs. 4 d–h, 5d–h). Polypar spines 0.10– 0.30 mm tall, but mostly 0.20–0.25 mm from midpoint of base to apex, 0.03–0.08 mm wide at the base (Figs. 4 g, 5g); abpolypar spines smaller, slenderer, and more distally inclined than polypar spines, 0.03–0.15 mm tall, 0.01–0.06 mm wide at the base (Figs. 4 h, 5h). Spines arranged in rows extending along length of axis; 4–6 rows visible from one aspect; on average 4.5–5.5 spines per millimeter in each row; distance between spines in a row 0.15–0.5 times the length of a spine. Polyps 0.5–0.8 mm in transverse diameter, 9–14 per centimeter, in 1 or 2 rows, with small spaces between adjacent ones. (Diagnosis partially based on Brook, 1889, and Warner, 1981; variations observed in Brazilian specimens were also included in this diagnosis).</p><p>Remarks. This material agrees with most characteristics observed in Tanacetipathes barbadensis (Brook, 1889) . There are, however, more secondary pinnules (up to 20, average 8 per primary) in some regions of some colonies. Brook (1889) and Warner (1981) indicated only one or two secondary pinnules, near the base of the primaries. However, three facts lead us to include our material in this species: (1) the condition of only two proximal secondary pinnules per primary is common in our specimens; (2) although having an axial diameter similar to adjacent pinnules, the primaries with a greater number of secondary pinnules seem to be changing into new branches of the colony; and (3) additional secondary pinnules (third and subsequent ones) are shorter than the two proximal ones. In an enlargement of a photo from a colony studied by Warner (1981, Fig. 8), it was possible to see the characteristics described above in some primaries. A different interpretation of this character (as an unusual pinnule or as a branch) could explain this incongruity.</p><p>There are two groups of specimens from Abrolhos. The first group has one or two, at most three secondaries per primary, always set on the abpolypar side of primaries. Their branches are densely packed and overlapping (Fig. 5). The second group, more numerous, includes specimens that may have more than three secondaries on some primary pinnules (Fig. 4). These specimens also present sparser and more diverging ramification, where few branches overlap. When several secondaries are present on a primary, one or two most proximal are more elongated, while the others are short. In this case, some secondaries may occur on the polypar side of primaries.</p><p>All specimens identified as Antipathes hirta Gray, 1857, by Echeverría (2002) are among the specimens here studied. We believe his identification was in error, since several characters in his description are in disagreement with his own data. Although Echeverría’s description mentions 4–6 rows of pinnules, his illustrations and, especially, his tabulation indicate 4–5 rows (Echeverría, 2002: Figs. 6–7, tab. 2). Also, several aspects of Echeverría’s description of pinnulation are in disagreement with his figures. The secondary pinnules were described as arranged in a single series on the basal half of the abpolypar side of primaries, but his figures (Echeverría, 2002: Figs. 6–7) show several instances where this did not occur. Among 28 pinnule cycles in his figures, only two showed tertiary pinnules and none showed quaternaries (we had access to his original, enlarged plates). This situation is closer to T. barbadensis (rare tertiaries and quaternaries absent) than to T. hirta (see following diagnosis of T. hirta). Regarding spines, he had to greatly extend the range of the polypar spine length in the diagnosis of T. hirta, originally 0.07–0.13 mm long (see following diagnosis of T. hirta), in order to accommodate his specimens. This would not be necessary if they were classified as T. barbadensis .</p><p>T. barbadensis is very close to T. cavernicola Opresko, 2001 b, from similar depths at Madeira (NE Atlantic). We could not find major differences between these species, except for the maximum length of primary pinnules, and that the latter species form small compact colonies with branches often from near the base. Further studies may show they represent a single species.</p><p>These are the first records of T. barbadensis from the South Atlantic; collected in recesses at the base of reefs on the Abrolhos Bank.</p><p>Distribution. Atlantic: Barbados (Brook, 1889); Boca de Navios, NW Trinidad (Warner, 1981). Brazil: Abrolhos Bank (about 17 ° –18º S—Fig. 1).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EB87B1283F1245FE8963E9FBE3FE08	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Loiola, Livia L.;Castro, Clovis B.	Loiola, Livia L., Castro, Clovis B. (2005): Tanacetipathes Opresko, 2001 (Cnidaria: Antipatharia: Myriopathidae) from Brazil, including two new species. Zootaxa 1081: 1-31, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.170393
03EB87B128321247FE89674BFCA5FDE8.text	03EB87B128321247FE89674BFCA5FDE8.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Tanacetipathes hirta (Gray 1857) Gray 1857	<div><p>Tanacetipathes hirta (Gray, 1857)</p><p>Figure 6</p><p>Antipathes hirta Gray, 1857: 293; Opresko, 1972: 979 –984, tab. 2, Fig. 6; Warner, 1981: 151 –152, Figs. 5, 6 and 7.</p><p>Antipathes picea Pourtalès, 1880: 115, pl. 3, fígs. 9 and 29; Brook, 1889: 161 [Brook included this species in a group of species with uncertain generic identity].</p><p>Parantipathes hirta: Brook, 1889: 144, pl. 2, Fig. 11, pl. 11, Fig. 1 [Brook indicated uncertainty on the generic identity of this species.]; van Pesch, 1914: 20.</p><p>Tanacetipathes hirta: Opresko, 2001a: 358 –361; 2001b: 349.</p><p>Material examined. Brazil: off São Mateus, 19º42’ S, 039º26’ W, 239m, REVIZEE Bahia­2 Sta. #E0533 (MNRJ 4618: 2 colonies).</p><p>Diagnosis. Colony sparsely branched up to the 5th order, branches lateral, in angles of 45 ° –90 ° with the lower order branches (Fig. 6 a); axis and branches with 4–6 longitudinal rows of primary pinnules (depending on occurrence of second anterior), arranged biserially in alternate groups along the axis. Maximum length of primary anterior pinnules 14–24 mm (average 19.30 ± 3.56 mm), maximum length of posterior primary pinnules 19– 30 mm (average 23.10 ± 3.28 mm). Secondary pinnules up to 20 mm long (average maximum length 13.00 ± 3.91 mm), in a single series on the proximal half of the primaries’ abpolypar side, up to four secondaries per primary (Fig. 6 c). One to three tertiary pinnules, only on the abpolypar side of the proximal secondaries (Fig. 6 c). Quaternary pinnules rarely present. Spines smooth or with small ornamentations (both conditions found in the same specimen), conical, acute (Fig. 6 d–e); inclined and usually curved towards the distal end of the pinnules; 6–10 longitudinal rows around the axis (Fig. 6 f–h); polypar spines 0.07–0.18 mm tall (Fig. 6 d), abpolypar, 0.03–0.11 mm (Fig. 6 e); Polyps 0.7–0.8 mm in transverse diameter, in a single series along the pinnules; 10–12 per centimeter; tentacles 0.2 mm long; oral cone elevated 0.2 mm; mouth usually sagittally elongated (emended from Opresko, 1972).</p><p>Remarks. The Brazilian colonies of Tanacetipathes hirta (Gray, 1857) are similar to the specimens described by Opresko (1972) and Warner (1981). The only difference is that Opresko’s material has posterior primary pinnules 2 to 6 times longer than the anterior ones. Our material has anterior primaries with a length (5.0–24.0 mm, average 11.2 mm) closer to the length of the posterior (12.0–26.0 mm, average 18.5 mm) than in Opresko’s and Warner’s specimens. However, the branching pattern, the arrangement of the pinnules and subpinnules, and the characteristics of the spines indicate that these specimens belong to the same species. The diagnosis given by Opresko (1972) was herein emended to include variations observed in Brazilian colonies, especially the relative length of anterior and posterior primary pinnules. This represents the first record of T. hirta from the South Atlantic.</p><p>Distribution. Atlantic: Florida and Venezuela (Opresko, 1972); Caribbean (Brook, 1889; Opresko, 1972); Boca de Navios, NW Trinidad (Warner, 1981); Brazil: oceanic seamount off eastern Brazil (about 19 ° S—Fig. 1).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EB87B128321247FE89674BFCA5FDE8	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Loiola, Livia L.;Castro, Clovis B.	Loiola, Livia L., Castro, Clovis B. (2005): Tanacetipathes Opresko, 2001 (Cnidaria: Antipatharia: Myriopathidae) from Brazil, including two new species. Zootaxa 1081: 1-31, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.170393
03EB87B12830125EFE8967E6FD22FE58.text	03EB87B12830125EFE8967E6FD22FE58.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Tanacetipathes tanacetum (Pourtalès 1880) Pourtales 1880	<div><p>Tanacetipathes tanacetum (Pourtalès, 1880)</p><p>Figures 7–10</p><p>Antipathes tanacetum Pourtalès, 1880: 116, pl. 3, Fig. 13; Brook, 1889: 162; Opresko, 1972: 984 – 986, tab. 2, Fig. 7; Echeverría &amp; Castro, 1995: 1 –7, Figs. 2–5 (part).</p><p>Tanacetipathes tanacetum: Opresko, 2001a: 358 –361, Figs 11 a and 12d; 2001b: 349, Figures 7–10; Pérez et al., 2005: 3 –8, Figs 1–4.</p><p>Material examined. Brazil: off Aracruz: 19 ° 37’ S, 0 38 ° 41’ W, about 65 m, Bahia­1 (MNRJ 3410: 3 colonies); 19 ° 42’ S, 0 39 ° 26’ W, 239 m, REVIZEE Bahia­2 Sta. #E0533, (MNRJ 4604, MNRJ 4612, MNRJ 4617, MNRJ 5152: 14 colonies); 19 ° 45’ S, 0 39 ° 31’ W, 60 m, REVIZEE Central V Sta. #27 (MNRJ 4861, MNRJ 4862: 2 colonies); 19 ° 46’ S, 0 39 ° 29’ W, 498 m, REVIZEE Central VI Sta. # 3 (MNRJ 4935: 1 colony); off Vitória, 20 ° 27’ S, 0 39 ° 44’ W, 1293 m, REVIZEE Bahia­2 Sta. #E0536 (MNRJ 4634: 1 colony); Jaseur Bank, 20 ° 36’ S, 0 35 ° 51’ W, about 100 m, REVIZEE Central II (MNRJ 3697: 6 colonies); off Guarapari: 20 ° 40’ S, 0 34 ° 35’ W, 100 m, REVIZEE Central II Sta. #46 (MNRJ 3696, MNRJ 5149: 8 colonies); 20 ° 40’ S, 0 34 ° 35’ W, 108 m, REVIZEE Central V Sta. #45 (MNRJ 4668, MNRJ 4672, MNRJ 5153, MNRJ 5159, MNRJ 5161: 16 colonies); 20 ° 40’ S, 0 35 ° 28’ W, about 60 m, REVIZEE Central II (MNRJ 3693: 1 colony); Davis Bank, 20 ° 41’ S, 0 37 ° 07’ W, about 57 m, REVIZEE Central IV (MNRJ 3393: 1 colony); off Guarapari, 20 ° 42’ S, 0 35 ° 27’ W, 60 m, REVIZEE Central V Sta. #21 (MNRJ 4863: 2 colonies); off Itapemirim, 21 ° 09’ S, 0 40 ° 16’ W, about 100 m, REVIZEE Central Sta. #14 (MNRJ 2975: 1 colony); off São João da Barra: 21º20’ S, 040º16’ W, 120 m (MNRJ 2369: 2 colonies); 21º20’ S, 040º15’ W, 183 m (MNRJ 2363: 1 colony); off Cape of São Tomé: 22 ° 00’ S, 0 40 ° 05’ W, 100 m, REVIZEE Central V Sta. #38 (MNRJ 4665, MNRJ 5140, MNRJ 5151, MNRJ 5157: 12 colonies); 22 ° 03’ S, 0 40 ° 06’ W, 91 m, REVIZEE Central Sta. #02 (MNRJ 3018; 3023: 2 colonies); Almirante Saldanha Bank, 22 ° 22’ S, 0 37 ° 35’ W, 103 m, REVIZEE Central VI (MNRJ 4917, MNRJ 4918, MNRJ 5162: 6 colonies); Almirante Saldanha Bank, 22 ° 22’ S, 0 37 ° 35’ W, 240 m, REVIZEE Central VI (MNRJ 4927, MNRJ 4928, MNRJ 5160, MNRJ 5163, MNRJ 5164: 24 colonies); off Cabo Frio: 22 ° 44’ S, 0 31 ° 49’ W, 80 m, REVIZEE Central V Sta. #42 (MNRJ 4670; 4671: 2 colonies); 22º54’ S, 040º48’ W, 156 m (MNRJ 2353: 1 colony).</p><p>Diagnosis. Colonies (Figs. 7 a–b; 8a; 9a–b; 10a) monopodial (up to 65 cm tall) or rarely with branches up to the 2nd order, emerging near the colony base (Figs. 7 a–b; 8a; 9a–b; 10a), pinnulated; pinnules arranged biserially in 4–6 longitudinal rows (depending on the presence of second anteriors) and in alternate groups along the axis. Maximum length of anterior primary pinnules 3–19 mm (average 10.03 ± 3.48 mm), maximum length of posterior primaries 6–27 mm (average 14.01± 4.35 mm); posterior primaries curved distally towards the anteriors (Figs. 7 c, 8b, 9c, 10b). Secondary pinnules up to 22 mm long (average maximum length 12.27± 3.56 mm); 0–4 secondaries on each anterior primary, 1–7 on each posterior primary, usually in single series on the abpolypar side of the primaries, occasionally on the polypar side (Figs. 7 c, 8c, 9b, 10b). Tertiary pinnules on the abpolypar (rarely polypar—see fig. 9c) side of secondaries and sometimes bearing quaternaries (Figs. 7 c, 8c, 9b, 10b). Spines (Figs. 7 d–h; 8d–g; 9c–g; 10c–f) compressed, with acute apex, length 3–4 times the width; polypar spines 0.04–0.27 mm tall, abpolypar 0.01–0.16 mm (Figs. 7 d–h; 8d–g; 9c–g; 10c–f). Polyps 0.6–0.8 mm in transverse diameter, arranged in a single series, restricted to the polypar side (concave) of pinnules and subpinnules; 10 – 13 per centimeter (emended from Opresko, 1972).</p><p>Remarks. The Brazilian specimens were treated as four different morphotypes of Tanacetipathes tanacetum (Tab. 1). These forms were considered as a single species since there are previous records of great variability in T. tanacetum and because we could not find continue gaps in their variation. In the first form (Fig. 7), the length of the primary pinnules and the arrangement of secondaries are as usually observed in T. tanacetum, according to the diagnosis given by Opresko (1972). However, Opresko (1972) indicates two groups of specimens based on the height of polypar spines: (1) up to 0.13 mm tall and (2) more than 0.23 mm tall. The polypar spines’ height in our “first form” varies continuously along the range of 0.12–0.27 mm, as described by Echeverría &amp; Castro (1995). The distribution of polypar spines height varied in the 20 specimens assigned to this form as follows: seven specimens have polypar spines varying along the whole range cited above, 10 have all polypar spines smaller than 0.20 mm, and three have all polypar spines taller than 0.20 mm.</p><p>The colonies of the second form (Fig. 8) are similar to the group of specimens with smaller spines referred to by Opresko (1972: 0.10–0.13 mm tall). Besides, these colonies have primary pinnules with lengths a little smaller (18 mm) than that described by Opresko (1972—up to 25.0 mm) and by Echeverría &amp; Castro (1995—up to 20.5 mm). Tanacetipathes spinescens (Brook, 1889) shows similar values for these characters (primary pinnules up to 15.0 mm; spines up to 0.19 mm), but this species has densely branched colonies (Brook, 1889; Opresko, 2001a). All forms of T. tanacetum are sparsely branched, only up to the second order, and usually branches develop from near the base.</p><p>The third form (Fig. 9) differs from the first two especially in the presence of fewer and smaller secondary pinnules (Tab. 1), but relatively large spines (up to 0.27 mm). Opresko (1972) reported reduced subpinnulation in some colonies of T. tanacetum, in a condition comparable to that observed in T. hirta . However, this form differs from T. hirta because the latter has small spines (up to 0.13 mm tall) and branching up to the 5th order.</p><p>The subpinnulation in the fourth form (Fig. 10) is also reduced, as in the third form and in T. hirta . The spines’ heights are also similar to T. hirta spines in the descriptions of Opresko (1972­polypar 0.07–0.13 mm [see diagnosis], abpolypar 0.03–0.10 mm), and Warner (1981­polypar 0.09–0.17 mm, abpolypars 0.04–0.13 mm), and in the description of this species herein included. However, specimens of this fourth form are branched only up to the 1st order, while T. hirta is branched up to the 5th order.</p><p>A lectotype for this species was chosen and described by Pérez et al. (2005), because the type­series of T. tanacetum, designated by Pourtalès (1880), is heterogeneous. According to these authors, based on the length of the primary pinnules, and the number and arrangement of the secondary pinnules, there appear to be as many as four different species represented in the type­series. The spines size was not considered a sound character to differentiate these four morphotypes mentioned, as this character varies substantially from specimen to specimen (Pérez et al., 2005).</p><p>The specimen chosen as lectotype has posterior primary pinnules up to 1.2 cm long. However, according to Pérez et al. (2005), they are usually up to 2.0 cm and rarely up to 2.5 cm. Among the 89 Brazilian specimens examined herein, 36 have posterior primaries at most 1.2 cm long, 44 have the longest posterior primaries between 1.2 and 2.0 cm, and 9 specimens have posterior primaries that exceed 2.0 cm long. The overall maximum length of posterior primaries reaches 2.7 cm.</p><p>In the lectotype description, there are one to three secondary pinnules on the posterior primary pinnules, usually arranged uniserially on the abpolypar side. However, the illustration given by Pérez et al. (2005: Fig. 2 b) shows four to five secondaries per posterior primary, arranged both in the polypar and abpolypar sides of the pinnules. Of the 89 Brazilian specimens considered in this study, 42 have up to three secondaries per posterior primary pinnules, 40 have four or five, and seven have more than five. The maximum observed is up to seven. Considering these characteristics, Brazilian specimens are very similar to the lectotype of T. tanacetum designated by Pérez et al. (2005).</p><p>Opresko’s (1972) diagnosis was emended to accommodate variations of the four different forms of the Brazilian specimens mentioned above.</p><p>Distribution. Atlantic: “Lesser Antilles” (Pourtalès, 1880; Brook, 1889; Opresko, 1972). Brazil: off the Parcel do Manoel Luís (00°17’ N) (Opresko, 1972); off the Atol das Rocas (about 03°50’ S) (Opresko, 1972); off eastern Brazil (19°37’–23° S) (Echeverrìa &amp; Castro, 1995; current records—Fig. 1).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EB87B12830125EFE8967E6FD22FE58	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Loiola, Livia L.;Castro, Clovis B.	Loiola, Livia L., Castro, Clovis B. (2005): Tanacetipathes Opresko, 2001 (Cnidaria: Antipatharia: Myriopathidae) from Brazil, including two new species. Zootaxa 1081: 1-31, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.170393
03EB87B12829125AFE896716FE32F8C8.text	03EB87B12829125AFE896716FE32F8C8.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Tanacetipathes thamnea (Warner 1981) Warner 1981	<div><p>Tanacetipathes thamnea (Warner, 1981)</p><p>Figure 11</p><p>Antipathes thamnea Warner, 1981: 148 –151, Figs. 2–4.</p><p>Tanacetipathes thamnea: Opresko, 2001a: 358 –361, Fig. 12 c; 2001b: 349. Figure 11 Tanacetipathes paula Pérez, Costa &amp; Opresko, 2005: 8 –12, figs. 5–8.</p><p>Material examined. Brazil: off Salvador, 13 ° 06’ S, 0 38 ° 25’ W, about 50m, REVIZEE Bahia­1 Sta. #D­0360 (MNRJ 3411: 1 colony); off Caravelas, 18 ° 39’ S, 0 37 ° 52’ W, 65m, REVIZEE Central V Sta. #17 (MNRJ 4864: 2 colonies); off São Matheus, 20 ° 05’ S, 0 37 ° 28’ W, 98m, REVIZEE Central I (MNRJ 3128: 2 colonies); Jaseur Bank, 20 ° 36’ S, 0 35 ° 51’ W, about 100m, REVIZEE Central II (MNRJ 5824, MNRJ 5138: 11 colonies); off Vitória: 20 ° 40’ S, 0 34 ° 35’ W, 100m, REVIZEE Central II Sta. #46, (MNRJ 5139: 4 colonies); 108m, REVIZEE Central V Sta. #45 (MNRJ 4666, MNRJ 5140, MNRJ 5141: 22 colonies); 20 ° 44’ S, 0 31 ° 49’ W, 80m, REVIZEE Central V Sta. #42 (MNRJ 4670: 2 colonies); Almirante Saldanha Bank, 22 ° 23’ S, 0 37 ° 35’ W, 105m, REVIZEE Central I Sta. #7 (MNRJ 3011: 2 colonies); 103m, REVIZEE Central VI (MNRJ 5142, MNRJ 5145: 4 colonies); 240m (MNRJ 5143, MNRJ 5144: 5 colonies).</p><p>Diagnosis. Colonies unbranched, or branching irregularly, usually in a single plane, up to 5th order (Fig. 11 a, b). Branches pinnulate, pinnules straight or nearly so; pinnules projecting at right angles transverse to the branch or slightly inclined towards the distal end of the branch; 4–6 rows of primary pinnules. Maximum length of anterior primary pinnules 4–23 mm (average in Brazilian specimens 9.47 ± 3.55 mm), maximum length of posterior primaries 8–25 mm long (average in Brazilian specimens 15.57 ± 3.45 mm). Secondary pinnules up to 14 mm long, (maximum length average 8.06 ± 2.20 mm); up to 7 (more frequently 2–3) per anterior primary and up to 18 (more frequently 8–10) per posterior primary; secondaries on abpolypar (mostly) and polypar sides of the primary pinnules (Fig. 11 c). Tertiary pinnules usually on the abpolypar side of the more elongate secondaries (Fig. 11 c). Occasionally, primary pinnules with only one or two secondaries, near the proximal end of posterior primaries. Spines smooth or with small ornamentations (both conditions found in the same specimen on Brazilian material), subcylindrical, perpendicular or inclined distally; adjacent spines 1–2 spine lengths apart, arranged in alternate longitudinal rows; 6–8 rows on the distal portions of the pinnules. Polypar spines 0.09–0.30 mm tall, abpolypar spines 0.02–0.21 mm tall (Fig. 11 d–j). Polyps 0.52–0.64 mm in transverse diameter, arranged in single rows, 10–17 per centimeter along one side of the pinnules. Tentacles 0.3–0.7 mm long in fresh material, and 1/3 to 1/2 smaller in fixed material (emended from Warner, 1981).</p><p>Remarks. The Brazilian material is similar to type specimen of Tanacetipathes thamnea Warner, 1981, except the former colonies are branched only up to the 1st order, while the latter, up to the 5th order. Despite this difference, the branches in the type and in Brazilian specimens suggest colonies with similar appearance (see Warner, 1981: Fig. 2). The range in the height of polypar spines is also different: in Brazilian colonies 0.10–0.30 mm, and in the type specimen 0.09–0.21 mm. However, species of Tanacetipathes are known for showing great variations in the size of the spines, as described for T. tanacetum by Opresko (1972). Warner’s description indicates spines inclined distally in angles up to about 37°, but his illustration (Warner, 1981: Fig. 3) shows such a condition only on the distal end of the pinnules. Polypar spines from the proximal end of a pinnule were either perpendicular or slightly inclined distally (Warner, 1981: Fig. 3). On our specimens, the majority of proximal polypar spines are perpendicular to the axis; spines of distal portions of the pinnules are more inclined than those of proximal regions, as occurs in most species of this genus. Despite these minor discrepancies, the material herein studied was identified as T. thamnea especially due to the arrangement of secondary pinnules, unique among Tanacetipathes species. This is the first record of T. thamnea in the South Atlantic, in depths up to 240 m. The diagnosis given by Warner (1981) was emended to include variations observed in the Brazilian material, especially concerning the branching pattern, distribution of the secondary pinnules, and spines height and inclination.</p><p>We hereby propose the synonymy of Tanacetipathes paula Pérez, Costa &amp; Opresko, 2005, with T. thamnea . The main characters distinguishing these species would be a “more extensive subpinnulation” and “typically monopodial or only sparsely branched somewhat in a single plane” in T. thamnea (Pérez et al., 2005) . Also, primary pinnules would be longer in T. thamnea (Tab. 2).</p><p>Branching pattern unbranched or up to 5th order, usually branched up to the 6th order</p><p>in a single plane</p><p>Colonies 49 colonies, 5.2–59 cm high; largest Single colony, 83 cm high; without</p><p>specimen (59 cm) without pinnulation pinnulation near (&gt; 25 cm) basis</p><p>near (11.5 cm) basis</p><p>However, only seven Brazilian colonies (out of 49 studied) have primary pinnules longer than 1.9 mm. The number of secondaries per primary pinnule would also be different (Tab. 2). Nevertheless, an examination of the holotype of T. paula showed instances where there are a greater number of secondaries per primary. Fourteen Brazilian colonies (out of 49 studied) have only up to 9 secondaries per primary. Moreover, we evaluated diagnostic characters of T. thamnea (Brazilian specimens) and found a continuous variation in the length of primary pinnules (Fig. 12) and in the number of secondaries per posterior primary pinnule (Fig. 13). Also, we found significant correlations among several characteristics (Tab. 3). A multiple linear regression of colony size and mean length of posterior primaries (independent variables) against number of secondaries per primary (dependent variable) showed significant results (Tab. 4). Interestingly, the number of secondaries per primary showed a significant correlation with colony size, but length of posterior primaries did not (Tab. 3). This suggests the latter character may vary due to environmental forces instead of being inherent to colony growth. Overall, it is demonstrated that differential characters of T. paula fit well within the range of variation of T. thamnea .</p><p>Variable 1 Variable 2 r P Global R = 0.66519145; F(2,46) = 18.254; p=0.000001</p><p>Independent variables Beta P</p><p>Colony size 0,576572 0,000005*</p><p>Mean length of posterior primary pinnules 0,415060 0,000511* Distribution. Atlantic: Boca de Navios, NW Trinidad (Warner, 1981); Brazil: on the continental shelf and oceanic seamounts off northeastern and eastern Brazil (between 13º– 22º S—Fig. 1).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EB87B12829125AFE896716FE32F8C8	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Loiola, Livia L.;Castro, Clovis B.	Loiola, Livia L., Castro, Clovis B. (2005): Tanacetipathes Opresko, 2001 (Cnidaria: Antipatharia: Myriopathidae) from Brazil, including two new species. Zootaxa 1081: 1-31, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.170393
03EB87B1282C1255FE89645BFCE7F880.text	03EB87B1282C1255FE89645BFCE7F880.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Tanacetipathes longipinnula	<div><p>Tanacetipathes longipinnula new species</p><p>Figure 14</p><p>Antipathes tanacetum: Echeverría &amp; Castro, 1995: 1 –7, Figs. 2–5 (part) [non Tanacetipathes tanacetum (Pourtalès, 1880)].</p><p>Material examined. Brazil: off Vitória, 20 ° 29’ S, 0 36 ° 05´W, 50 m, REVIZEE Central V Sta. #23 (MNRJ 5595: 1 colony—holotype; MNRJ 4667: 1 colony—paratype;); Almirante Saldanha Bank, 22 ° 22’ S, 0 37 ° 35’ W, 240 m, REVIZEE Central VI (MNRJ 5146: 1 colony—paratype); off Cape of São Tomé, 22 ° 26’ S, 0 40 ° 35’ W, 106 m (MNRJ 2367: 1 colony—paratype); off Cabo Frio, 23º01’S, 040º57’ W, 110m (MNRJ 5147: 1 colony—paratype).</p><p>Diagnosis. Corallum monopodial, with long posterior primary pinnules (maximum length 23–40 mm), long secondary pinnules (maximum length 47 mm), long tertiary pinnules (maximum length 28 mm), and short spines (0.15 mm or less) with small ornamentations; polyps not known.</p><p>Holotype. Colony monopodial, 37 cm high, 5.5 cm wide (Fig. 14 a–b). Colony emerges from a basal plate with 32 mm in diameter (Fig. 14 a–b). Diameter of axis near the base 3.5 mm. Primary pinnules in 4 or 5 rows, in laterally alternating groups; length of anterior primaries 10–33 mm, length of posterior primaries 24–40 mm; diameter of the primaries 0.20–0.36 mm, second anteriors tending to be slenderer than the others (Fig. 14 c); distance between adjacent (in the same row) primaries 2.1–2.7 mm. Five to six primary pinnule cycles per centimeter of axis (Fig. 14 b). Secondary pinnules only on the proximal half of primaries, on the abpolypar side, up to 4 per primary pinnule; up to 28 mm long, 0.16–0.36 mm in diameter; very elongated and curved towards the distal portion of the primaries (Fig. 14 c). Tertiary pinnules common, 1–2 per secondary, maximum length 19 mm, on the abpolypar side of the secondaries (Fig. 14 c). Spines conical, slightly compressed, with small papillae over the whole surface, distal portion inclined and, occasionally, slightly curved towards the distal end of the pinnules; 8–9 irregular longitudinal rows (around the whole pinnule); polypar spines 0.09–0.13 mm tall, 0.04– 0.06 mm wide at base; abpolypar spines 0.04–0.06 mm tall, 0.01–0.03 mm wide at base; 4–6 spines per millimeter in a row; distance between adjacent spines in each row 0.11– 0.26 mm (Fig. 14 d–h). Polyps badly damaged.</p><p>Variations Found in the Paratypes. Monopodial colonies 11.0–52.0 cm tall, 4.7–8.0 cm wide. Axis 0.9–3.7 mm in diameter near the base, and basal plate, when present, 19.0– 25.0 mm in diameter. Primary pinnules in 4 to 6 rows; maximum length of anterior primaries 13–16 mm (species average including holotype 17.80 ± 9.14 mm), maximum length of posterior primaries 24–35 mm (species average including holotype 29.20 ± 6.05 mm); distance between adjacent (in the same row) primaries 0.9–2.3 mm. Secondary pinnules maximum length 47 mm (species average including holotype 29.90 ± 10.62 mm), 0.12–0.36 mm in diameter. Tertiary pinnules maximum length 26 mm (species average including holotype 13.20 ± 6.25 mm). Quaternary pinnules rarely present. Spines in 6–10 irregular longitudinal rows (around the whole pinnule); polypar spines 0.07–0.15 mm tall, 0.03–0.06 mm wide at base; abpolypar spines 0.03–0.08 mm tall, 0.01–0.05 mm wide at base; distance between adjacent spines in each row 0.11–0.28 mm. Polyps also badly damaged.</p><p>Etymology. The name longipinnula is used as a compound noun in apposition with the generic name (International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature, 1999: article 31.2.1), derived from “ longus” (Latin, elongate) and “ pinnula” (Latin, feather, pinnule), in reference to the comparatively great size of pinnules and subpinnules.</p><p>Remarks. Tanacetipathes longipinnula has much longer secondary (up to 47.0 mm) and tertiary pinnules (up to 26.0 mm) than any other species of this genus. The maximum length of the primary pinnules of T. longipinnula (40.0 mm) is similar to that observed in T. barbadensis (45.0 mm, Brook, 1889, Warner, 1981). However, T. barbadensis is different from T. longipinnula because of its branched colonies (although sparsely so), larger number of secondaries per primary pinnule (usually up to 8, rarely up to 20, occasionally only 1 or 2 secondaries set very close to the primary origin), tertiary pinnules short and rarely present, and taller polypar spines— 0.10–0.30 mm (Brook, 1889; Warner, 1981; diagnosis herein included).</p><p>The number and arrangement of the secondary and tertiary pinnules are similar in T. hirta and in T. longipinnula, n. sp.: 4 to 6 secondaries, on the proximal half of the primaries, on the abpolypar side; 1 to 3 tertiary pinnules per proximal secondary pinnule (Opresko, 1972; Warner, 1981). These two species also have in common the range in height of their spines: T. hirta polypar spines 0.07–0.17 mm, abpolypar spines 0.03–0.13 mm (Opresko, 1972; Warner, 1981). However, T. hirta is branched and fan shaped, and has shorter secondary (3–10 mm long, average 5 mm, Opresko, 1972; 15 mm long, Warner, 1981: Fig. 7) and tertiary pinnules (see Opresko, 1972: Fig. 6 D, Warner, 1981: Fig. 7).</p><p>Tanacetipathes tanacetum is close to the new species, but the distribution of secondary pinnules (scattered over a larger area along the primary in T. tanacetum) and the more frequently elongated condition of pinnules of the new species give each of these species a distinctive appearance. Although occasionally a pinnule of T. tanacetum may be as long as the pinnules in specimens of the new species with relatively short pinnules, the length of a set of pinnules of each species is clearly different. Echeverría &amp; Castro (1995) studied some specimens from Bacia de Campos, RJ, identifying them as T. tanacetum . However, two of these specimens (MNRJ 2367 and one specimen of MNRJ 2368—removed to MNRJ 5147) belong to T. longipinnula .</p><p>Tanacetipathes cavernicola, T. spinescens, T. thamnea, and T. wirtzi are branched colonies, and have primary, secondary, and tertiary pinnules that are smaller in length than those in Tanacetipathes longipinnula . There are also differences in the position and number of subpinnules. Besides, the heights of polypar and abpolypar spines are different between the species cited above (except T. spinescens) and T. longipinnula (see Brook, 1889; Warner, 1981; Opresko, 2001b; descriptions of T. cavernicola and T. thamnea here included). Also, Tanacetipathes wirtzi has no tertiary pinnules (Opresko, 2001b). The colonies of T. spinescens are densely branched and the primary pinnules are shorter, up to 15 mm long.</p><p>Distribution. Atlantic: Brazil, off Rio de Janeiro and off Espírito Santo (20º–23º S—Fig. 1), in depths between 50 and 240 m.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EB87B1282C1255FE89645BFCE7F880	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Loiola, Livia L.;Castro, Clovis B.	Loiola, Livia L., Castro, Clovis B. (2005): Tanacetipathes Opresko, 2001 (Cnidaria: Antipatharia: Myriopathidae) from Brazil, including two new species. Zootaxa 1081: 1-31, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.170393
03EB87B128211250FE89645BFCE7FBA0.text	03EB87B128211250FE89645BFCE7FBA0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Tanacetipathes thalassoros	<div><p>Tanacetipathes thalassoros new species</p><p>Figure 15</p><p>Material examined. Brazil: Trindade Island, about 20 ° S, 0 30 ° W, about 100 m, REVIZEE Bahia­1 (MNRJ 3414: 1 colony—holotype); Jaseur Bank, 20 ° 36’S, 0 35 ° 51’W, about 50 m, REVIZEE Central II (MNRJ 5148: 1 colony fragment—paratype); Doga Ressa Bank, 20 ° 57’ S, 0 34 ° 58’W, about 100 m, REVIZEE Central IV (MNRJ 3401: 1 colony fragment—paratype).</p><p>Diagnosis. Corallum with branches arising far from the colony basis, resulting in a fan shape; posterior primary pinnules with up to 42 (more frequently 11–15) secondaries. Two to five tertiary pinnules, irregularly distributed on both proximal and distal secondary pinnules. Spines short (less than 0.14 mm), smooth or with small ornamentations. Polyps not known.</p><p>Holotype. Colony 62 cm in height, 39 cm wide, basal plate 10 mm in diameter, diameter of axis at the base 6.0 mm (Fig. 15 a–b). Colony fan­shaped, branched up to the 6th order; lateral branches 45 ° to 90 ° with the axis, fan­shaped (Fig. 15 a–b). Primary pinnules in 4–5 rows, in laterally alternating groups; length of anterior primaries 4–16 mm, length of posterior primaries 16–44 mm. Diameter of primaries 0.20–0.32 mm, second primary anteriors tending to be slenderer than the others; distance between adjacent (in the same row) primaries 1.6–2.0 mm (Fig. 15 b). Six­seven primary pinnule cycles per centimeter of axis (Fig. 15 b). Secondary pinnules along the whole length of primaries, mostly on the abpolypar side, some on the polypar, 5–11 per primary pinnule; up to 16 mm long, 0.12–0.28 mm in diameter; secondary pinnules elongated or short, independent of position (proximal or distal) (Fig. 15 c). Tertiary pinnules usually on the abpolypar side of proximal and distal secondaries, irregularly distributed, frequently more than 5 per secondary pinnule; proximal tertiary pinnules from opposite posterior primaries occasionally can be fused (Fig. 15 c). Spines conical, slightly compressed, smooth or with small papillae on their surfaces (both conditions are found in the same specimen); polypar and abpolypar spines slightly curved towards the distal end of pinnules; 6–8 irregular longitudinal rows (around the whole pinnule); polypar spines 0.05–0.10 mm tall, 0.03– 0.06 mm wide at base; abpolypar spines 0.03–0.07 mm tall, 0.01–0.04 mm wide at base; 4–5 spines per millimeter in a row; distance between adjacent spines in each row 0.15– 0.25 mm (Fig. 15 d–h). Polyps badly damaged.</p><p>Variations Found in the Paratypes. Two fragments 11.8 and 13.0 cm tall, 6.8 and 1.6 cm wide, respectively, both without basal plates. Axis 1.2–1.5 mm in diameter near the base. Primary pinnules in 3–5 rows (usually 4); maximum length of anterior primaries 13– 16 mm (species average including holotype 9.20 ± 4.54 mm); maximum length of posterior primaries 27–44 mm (species average including holotype 26.00 ± 9.97 mm); diameter of primaries 0.20–0.50 mm. Secondary pinnules 5–42 per primary pinnule; maximum length 20 mm (average, including holotype, 12.20± 4.76 mm), 0.12–0.32 mm in diameter. Spines in 6–10 irregular longitudinal rows (around the whole pinnule); polypar spines 0.06–0.14 mm tall, 0.03–0.06 mm wide at base; abpolypar spines 0.03–0.06 mm tall, 0.01–0.05 mm wide at base; 4–10 spines per millimeter in a row; distance between adjacent spines in each row 0.14–0.26 mm. Polyps also badly damaged.</p><p>Etymology. The epithet thalassoros is used as a compound noun in apposition with the generic name (International Code of Zoological Nomenclature, 4th edition, 2000: article 31.2.1), derived from the words “thalassa” (Greek, sea) and “oros ” (Greek, mountain), in reference to the locations where the specimens were found.</p><p>Remarks. The arrangement and number of secondary and tertiary pinnules are very peculiar in T. thallassoros: up to 42 secondaries per primary; tertiary pinnules frequently more than 5 per secondary pinnule, irregularly distributed over proximal and distal secondaries. All the other species of Tanacetipathes have fewer secondaries per primary. The only exception is T. thamnea, in which this ratio is up to 25 per primary. However, T. thamnea has smaller and fewer tertiary pinnules, located only on the proximal secondaries, and taller polypar spines (up to 0.30 mm tall) than the new species. Also, no other species of Tanacetipathes has tertiary pinnules on the more distal secondaries as seen in T. thallassoros .</p><p>Distribution. Off Brazil: Trindade Island; Jaseur and Doga Ressa Banks (about 20 ° S—Fig. 1), in depths between 50 and 100 m.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EB87B128211250FE89645BFCE7FBA0	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Loiola, Livia L.;Castro, Clovis B.	Loiola, Livia L., Castro, Clovis B. (2005): Tanacetipathes Opresko, 2001 (Cnidaria: Antipatharia: Myriopathidae) from Brazil, including two new species. Zootaxa 1081: 1-31, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.170393
03EB87B128271251FE896123FAD8FC65.text	03EB87B128271251FE896123FAD8FC65.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Tanacetipathes	<div><p>Key to the species of the genus Tanacetipathes</p><p>1. Colonies with many secondary pinnules on the posterior primaries (usually more than 8 per pinnule); secondary pinnules frequently on the polypar side of primaries .......... 2</p><p>­ Colonies with few secondary pinnules on the posterior primaries (usually less than 7 per pinnule); secondary pinnules rarely on the polypar side of primaries .................... 3</p><p>2. Colonies unbranched or with branches arising from near the colony basis [See Warner, fig. 2, branches on upper part of corallum]; posterior primary pinnules with up to 18 (more frequently 8–10) secondaries; 1–2 small tertiary pinnules, only on proximal secondary pinnules; polypar spines 0.09–0.30 mm tall, abpolypar spines 0.02–0.21mm .... ...................................................................................................................... T. thamnea</p><p>­ Colonies with branches arising far from the colony basis, resulting in a fan shape; posterior primary pinnules with up to 42 (more frequently 11–15) secondaries; 2–5 tertiary pinnules, irregularly distributed on both proximal and distal secondary pinnules; polypar spines 0.06–0.14 mm tall, abpolypar spines 0.03–0.06 mm .............................. ........................................................................................................ T. thallassoros n. sp.</p><p>3. Three­seven elongated abpolypar secondary pinnules per primary, distributed along the whole pinnule .......................................................................................................... 4</p><p>­ Less than three elongated abpolypar secondary pinnules per primary, more frequently set near the pinnule origin ............................................................................................. 7</p><p>4. Secondary and tertiary pinnules long: secondaries maximum length 19–47 mm; tertiaries maximum length 19–26 mm ................................................... T. longipinnula n. sp.</p><p>­ Secondary and tertiary pinnules short: secondaries maximum length 7–22 mm; tertiaries maximum length 5–10 mm ..................................................................................... 5</p><p>5. Monopodial colonies or colonies with branches up to the 2nd [mostly 1st] order mainly arising from near the base ........................................................................... T. tanacetum</p><p>­ Colonies densely branched........................................................................................... 6</p><p>6. Branches arranged irregularly; occasionally branches arranged in groups of three or four, arising on the same region of the axis; colonies tending to arborescent; primary pinnules maximum length 15 mm ............................................................. T. spinescens</p><p>­ Branches arranged laterally, maximum of two arising on the same region of the axis; colonies fan shaped; primary pinnules maximum length 25–30 mm ................. T. hirta</p><p>7. Colonies branched up to the 2nd order; tertiaries absent.................................... T. wirtzi</p><p>­ Colonies branched up to the 5th order; tertiaries present (may be missing oin some secondaries) ....................................................................................................................... 8</p><p>8. Primary pinnules up to 45 mm long ......................................................... T. barbadensis</p><p>­ Primary pinnules less than 20 mm long ................................................... T. cavernicola</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EB87B128271251FE896123FAD8FC65	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Loiola, Livia L.;Castro, Clovis B.	Loiola, Livia L., Castro, Clovis B. (2005): Tanacetipathes Opresko, 2001 (Cnidaria: Antipatharia: Myriopathidae) from Brazil, including two new species. Zootaxa 1081: 1-31, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.170393
