identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
03EB87EEFFE7FFBC3EBD41BBD9E64767.text	03EB87EEFFE7FFBC3EBD41BBD9E64767.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Glossoscolex Leuckart 1835	<div><p>Genus Glossoscolex Leuckart, 1835 (in Froriep 1835)</p><p>Diagnosis. Setae in 8 longitudinal lines. One pair of intraclitellar male pores, rarely preclitellar, or a single intraclitellar male pore, but always paired copulatory bulbs. One pair of calciferous glands in xi or xii with composite-tubular structure. Sexual system metandric and metagynic; seminal vesicles in general long; a pair of copulatory bulbs connecting sperm ducts and the external male genital pores; spermathecae absent.</p><p>Type species. Glossoscolex giganteus Leuckart, 1836 (in Oken 1836)</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EB87EEFFE7FFBC3EBD41BBD9E64767	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Bartz, Marie Luise Carolina;James, Samuel Wooster;Pasini, Amarildo;Brown, George Gardner	Bartz, Marie Luise Carolina, James, Samuel Wooster, Pasini, Amarildo, Brown, George Gardner (2012): New earthworm species of Glossoscolex Leuckart, 1835 and Fimoscolex Michaelsen, 1900 (Clitellata: Glossoscolecidae) from Northern Paraná, Brazil. Zootaxa 3458: 59-85, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.282225
03EB87EEFFE4FFB93EBD4468DB1F44F4.text	03EB87EEFFE4FFB93EBD4468DB1F44F4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Glossoscolex (Praedrilus) lutocolus	<div><p>Glossoscolex (Praedrilus) lutocolus n. sp. Bartz &amp; James</p><p>(Fig. 1 a,b, Table 1)</p><p>Holotype. COFM BRPR 0050 adult, spring seepage area outskirts of Ibiaci district, Primeiro de Maio, Paraná, Brazil; 22º56.43’S, 51º01.24’W, 354 masl, 5 March 2005, G.G. Brown and S.W. James colls.</p><p>Paratypes. A - COFM BRPR 0008 one adult, same collecting data as holotype; B - COFM BRPR 0003 one adult, swamp, Reserva Particular do Patrimônio Natural Estadual Mata São Pedro, Lupionópolis, Paraná, Brazil; 22º41.79’S, 51º40.82’W, 314 masl, 29 April 2004, G.G. Brown and S.W. James colls.</p><p>Other material. COFM BRPR 0334 one juvenile, same location as holotype; COFM BRPR 0010 one subadult and MZUSP 1400 one adult, swamp, Reserva Particular do Patrimônio Natural Estadual Mata São Pedro, Lupionópolis, Paraná, Brazil; 22º41.79’S, 51º40.82’W, 314 masl, 29 April 2004, G.G. Brown and S.W. James colls; COFM BRPR 0005 two adults and MZUSP 1401 two adults, in front of river, wet area, Parque Estadual Ibicatu, Centenário do Sul, Paraná, Brazil; 22º46.97’S, 51º29.28’W, 331 masl, 29 April 2004, G.G. Brown and S.W. James colls.; COFM BRPR 0006 four adults, swamp, Colorado Farm, Paiquerê district, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil; 23º29.90’S, 51º02.42’W, 552 masl, 30 April 2004, G.G. Brown and S.W. James colls.; COFM BRPR 0007 one adult and one preclitellate, wet area, previously under rice cultivation, Sítio Igrejinha, Paiquerê, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil; 23º29.90’S, 51º02.42’W, 552 masl, 30 April 2004, G.G. Brown and S.W. James colls.; COFM BRPR 0051 two adults and MZUSP 1402 two adults, wetland next swamp, Jaguapitã, Paraná, Brazil, 23º45.22’S, 51º37.43’W, 485 masl, 26 November 2003, N.P. Benito and Y. Rios colls.; COFM BRPR 0072 three adults and MZUSP 1403 one adult and one preclitellate, wetland next to swamp, Jaguapitã, Paraná, Brazil, 23º45.22’S, 51º37.43’W, 485 masl, 26 November 2003, N.P. Benito and Y. Rios colls.</p><p>Etymology. The species is named for its preference of habitat, the soft alluvial mud of swamps and marshes.</p><p>Description. Dimensions: Holotype 164 mm by 6.1 mm at x, 5.0 mm at clitellum, 5.9 mm at xl, 219 segments; paratypes A - 185 mm by 7.2 mm at x, 7.8 mm at clitellum, 7.5 mm at xl, 196 segments and B - 119 mm by 6.4 mm at x, 7.1 mm at clitellum, 6.2 mm at xl, 147 segments. Body cylindrical. Setae closely paired throughout; genital setae absent; setal formula AA:AB:BC:CD = 18:2:10:1.5 at xl, DD&gt; 1/2 circumference throughout. Setae aa commence on iv–viii, cd on iv–viii, usually not on same segment. Prostomium prolobous, pre- and postsetal secondary annulations present xi–xiv. Unpigmented, clitellum slightly yellowish or reddish. Ovipores postsetal, just above b in xiv; male pores 1.3–1.5 mm apart on xvi within paired ovate to angular porophores; broad midventral raised areas in BB of xv, larger paired raised genital markings on xvi. Clitellum saddle to just above b, xvi, xvii–xxv (Fig. 1 a). Nephropores just above b.</p><p>Septa 5/6 thin, 6/7–10/11 equally thick and muscular, 11/12 and remaining septa membranous, septa 12/13/14 with white sac-like glandular investment anterior face of 12/13, posterior face of 13/14; 13/14 often with posterior bulges containing iridescent white material; posterior face of 12/13, anterior face of 13/14 coated with fine villous white material. Septa 12/13/14 united by circumesophageal membrane isolating villous interior from other septal contents of xiii, which are medial to membrane. Alimentary canal with large gizzard in vi; esophagus with high lamellae, large blood sinuses vii–ix, valvular in xiv; intestinal origin xv; typhlosole origin xv, end cxc–ccxc, strongly zig-zag folded xv–xix, xxi, zig-zag with ventral edge bent over to form pockets from xx to region of xxx, after gradually straightening to become simple thick lamina. Calciferous glands paired xii, composite-tubular type, lenticular (slightly elongate in Ibicatu material), sessile on dorsal esophageal wall; blood vessels to gland include large branch of dorsal vessel to approximate center of each gland, two coalescing vessels from ventral gland margin to extra-esophageal vessel. Gland opening to esophagus near dorsum, large opening with lip along its ventral margin. Holonephric, vesiculate; ducts to body wall near level of b.</p><p>Vascular system with ventral trunk, single dorsal trunk, lateral vessels in vii–ix, latero-esophageal hearts in x–xi. Extra-esophageal vessel visible near pharyngeal glands, pass along ventral-lateral face of gizzard and esophagus, ending in calciferous glands; supraesophageal vessel in x–xi.</p><p>Ovaries, ovarian funnels free in xiii adjacent to seminal vesicle tube passing through xiii; spermathecae absent. Male sexual system metandric, testes and funnels in single midventral subesophageal sac in xi; small pouches of septum 11/12 contain iridescent male funnels; medial to these pouches under hearts of xi, pass narrow tubes to seminal vesicles; seminal vesicles expand from narrow tubes in xiv, penetrate septa and range posteriorly along intestine to xxx–lxxx but mostly about xl–lv; seminal vesicles simple elongate sacs with parallel blood vessels on median side of longitudinal axis of vesicle; vasa deferentia long, looped from xi, form dense zig-zag on body wall en route to ventro-lateral face of large long oval muscular copulatory bulbs, join bulbs at level of xiv–xv; bulbs extend over xiv–xviii but occupy septally defined space of xvi. Copulatory bulbs with thin muscular outer layer, dense, delicate corrugated glandular inner surface with small lumen leading to male pore; no transverse muscle bands crossing over bulbs; bulbs with anterior, posterior apices attached by short stout muscles to body wall.</p><p>Remarks. Glossoscolex (Praedrilus) lutocolus belongs in the sub-genus G. (Praedrilus) Righi (1971). Righi mentioned this subgenus in Righi (1984), in relation to the description of G. matogrossensis (it has male pores in xv–xvi), but because of an indistinct and variable anterior clitellum boundary, Righi considered this species between subgenera Glossoscolex s.s. and Praedrilus. In Righi (1995) he stated that the subgenus Praedrilus could not be maintained because he thought that the clitellum of his G. t u p i i specimens was not fully developed, and that the position of the male pores (xvii) would then place G. t u p i i in the Glossoscolex (Glossoscolex) truncatus group (Rosa, 1895), although he did not mention G. matogrossensis . Between 1971 and 1995 Righi found no further Glossoscolex species with the clitellum beginning behind the male pores, which was the basis for the Praedrilus subgenus designation. However we now have more species with preclitellar male pores, so the subgenus may yet be valid. The differences between G. (P.) lutocolus and G. (P.) tupii are as follows, with the characteristics of the latter in parentheses: length 150–230 mm (260–330 mm), number of segments 290–360 (450–620), setae beginning between iv and vii (setae beginning in segment xxx), setal ratios 17:1:9:1 (4:1.5: 1.6:1), DD&gt; 1/2 circumference (DD&lt;1/2 circumference), septum 11/12 present (septum 11/12 lacking), hearts of xi free (hearts of xi enclosed in testes sacs), testes sacs ventral, united (testes sacs circumesophageal), no muscle band over copulatory bulbs (two muscle bands, one large, over copulatory bulbs), septa bounding segment xiii with many small sacs on segment xii and xiv sides, sometimes with iridescent contents in sacs, thick white villous coating on xiii sides (no such development in septa 12/13/14). In G. (P.) tupii and some other members of the genus, septum 11/12 has been modified to create a testes sac encompassing the entire contents of segment xi. Although the number of specimens of G. (P.) tupii is not really sufficient to allow a good comparison—the original description is based on 3 clitellate specimens only—it appears that generally the seminal vesicles of the new species are longer. In cases where the segmental extent is comparable to G. (P.) tupii it is because numerous loops prevent extension further back.</p><p>Glossoscolex (P.) lutocolus corresponds to Glossoscolex n. sp. 21 and Glossoscolex n. sp. 10, as cited in Brown and James (2007a), Brown et al. (2004, 2008), James and Brown (2006, 2008), Fragoso and Brown (2007) and Sautter et al. (2006, 2007).</p><p>All the specimen lots represented in the material had members preserved in alcohol for DNA extraction, although none of the individuals examined morphologically has been sampled for DNA. The alcohol specimens collected from six different sites formed a distinct monophyletic cluster in a neighbor-joining analysis of the COI barcode region, with genetic distances below 6% within the cluster (Fig. 2).</p><p>TABLE 1. Comparison of characters of the new species (in bold) of Glossoscolex (Praedrilus), Glossoscolex (Glossocolex) and Fimoscolex, the type species of each genus and subgenus (marked with asterisk) and the species compared in the remarks. All species of the G.. (G.) truncatus group are included. Segments in Arabic numerals.</p><p>Continued on next page</p><p>Table 1 continued Continued on next page Table 1 continued</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EB87EEFFE4FFB93EBD4468DB1F44F4	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Bartz, Marie Luise Carolina;James, Samuel Wooster;Pasini, Amarildo;Brown, George Gardner	Bartz, Marie Luise Carolina, James, Samuel Wooster, Pasini, Amarildo, Brown, George Gardner (2012): New earthworm species of Glossoscolex Leuckart, 1835 and Fimoscolex Michaelsen, 1900 (Clitellata: Glossoscolecidae) from Northern Paraná, Brazil. Zootaxa 3458: 59-85, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.282225
03EB87EEFFEEFFB63EBD46B9DF4641A1.text	03EB87EEFFEEFFB63EBD46B9DF4641A1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Glossoscolex (Praedrilus) uliginosus	<div><p>Glossoscolex (Praedrilus) uliginosus n. sp. Bartz &amp; James</p><p>(Fig. 1 c,d, Table 1)</p><p>Holotype. COFM BRPR 0024 adult, wet flats above waterfall, next to the Parque Estadual do Penhasco Verde, São Jerônimo da Serra, Paraná, Brazil: 23º43.12’S, 50º 46.56W, 804 masl, 22 May 2004, G.G. Brown and S.W. James colls.</p><p>Paratype. COFM BRPR 0025 one adult, same collecting data as holotype.</p><p>Other material. COFM BRPR 0026 two amputated and MZUSP 1410 one adult, same collecting data as holotype.</p><p>Etymology. The species is named for its preference of habitat, the soft alluvial mud of swamps and marshes. The terminology “ uliginosus ” comes from Latin and means marsh, full of moisture.</p><p>Description. Dimensions: Holotype 191 by 5.1 mm at x, 5.8 mm at clitellum, 4.0 mm at xl, 449 segments; Paratype 146 mm by 4,2 mm at x, 4,4 by clitellum, 4,8 at xl, 383 segments. Body cylindrical. Setae ab commence on viii, cd on x. Setae closely paired throughout; genital setae absent; setal formula AA:AB:BC:CD = 24.7:1.7:10:1.3 at xxx, DD&gt; 1/2 circumference throughout. Prostomium prolobous. Unpigmented. Ovipores almost invisible, post-setal lateral to b; male pores 2.9–3.1 mm apart in papillae on intersegmental line xvi/xvii within paired flat discs on domes, forward facing (Fig. 1 b).Clitellum saddle, xvii–xxv (Fig. 1 c). Nephropores not visible, except in the clitellum just above b.</p><p>Septa 6/7 thin and muscular, 7/8–10/11 equally thick and muscular, 11/12 complete, septa 12/13/14 highly expanded with a circumesophageal barrier to make a sac, knobby outside and fuzzy inside, ovaries are medial to sac. Alimentary canal with large cylindrical gizzard in vi; esophagus with parallel lamellae pattern vii–ix, valvular in xiv; intestinal origin xv; typhlosole origin xv, end cccxcv in holotype, loose zig-zag xv–xxiii, pockets straight to ventral margin xxiv–xxxi, after xxxii fat blade. Calciferous glands paired xii, composite-tubular type, disk shaped, sessile on dorsal esophageal wall, with septa 11/12 anchored; blood vessels to gland include large branch of dorsal vessel to approximate center of each gland, two coalescing vessels from ventral gland margin to extra-esophageal vessel. Gland opening to esophagus near dorsum, large with lip along ventral margin. Holonephric, vesiculate; ducts to body wall near level of b.</p><p>Vascular system with ventral trunk, single dorsal trunk, lateral vessels in vii–ix, latero-esophageal hearts in x–xi. Extra-esophageal vessel visible near pharyngeal glands, passes along ventral-lateral face of gizzard and esophagus, ending in calciferous glands; supraesophageal vessel in x–xi.</p><p>Ovaries, ovarian funnels free in xiii adjacent to seminal vesicle tube passing through xiii; spermathecae absent. Male sexual system metandric, testes and funnels in single midventral subesophageal sac in xi; medial to hearts of xi pass narrow tubes to seminal vesicles; seminal vesicles expand from narrow tubes in xvi, xv, after xxii smooth and looped, penetrate septa and range posteriorly along intestine until xviil,lxx; seminal vesicles with parallel blood vessels on median side of longitudinal axis of vesicle; vasa deferentia long, looped in xi until penetrates the body wall, then straight in the body wall muscle, join the external-lateral face of a short oval muscular copulatory bulbs at level of xv; bulbs extend over xv–xvii but occupy septally-defined space of xvi, xvii. Copulatory bulbs with thin muscular outer layer, dense, delicate glandular inner surface with small lumen leading to male pore at approximate center of bulb connection to body wall; lumen undulating in three dimensions; no transverse muscle bands crossing over bulbs; bulbs with a medial muscle attached to body wall, posterior apices free.</p><p>Remarks. Glossoscolex (Praedrilus) uliginosus is part of the Glossoscolex (Praedrilus) sub-genus defined by Righi (1971) by having pre-clitellar male pores. The differences between G. (P.) uliginosus and G. (P.) lutocolus are as follows, with the characteristics of the latter in parentheses: length 146–191 mm (119–185 mm), number of segments 383–448 (147–219), setae ab beginning in vii and cd in xi (setae beginning between segments iv and viii), setal ratios 25.3:1.7:11.3:1 (17:1:9:1), septa 12/13/14 highly expanded with a circumesophageal barrier to make a sac, knobby outside and fuzzy inside (septa bounding segment xiii with many small sacs on segment xii and xiv sides, sometimes with iridescent contents in sacs, thick white villous coating on xiii sides), no genital marks (accessory genital markings near the male porophores) and the location of the male pores and associated internal structures one segment posterior to those of G. (P.) lutocolus . This suggests that developmental control of clitellum development is linked to the male pore location in these species.</p><p>Glossoscolex (P.) uliginosus corresponds to Glossoscolex n. sp. 7, as cited in Brown and James (2007a), Brown et al. (2004, 2008), James and Brown (2006, 2008), Fragoso and Brown (2007) and Sautter et al. (2006, 2007).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EB87EEFFEEFFB63EBD46B9DF4641A1	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Bartz, Marie Luise Carolina;James, Samuel Wooster;Pasini, Amarildo;Brown, George Gardner	Bartz, Marie Luise Carolina, James, Samuel Wooster, Pasini, Amarildo, Brown, George Gardner (2012): New earthworm species of Glossoscolex Leuckart, 1835 and Fimoscolex Michaelsen, 1900 (Clitellata: Glossoscolecidae) from Northern Paraná, Brazil. Zootaxa 3458: 59-85, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.282225
03EB87EEFFEFFFB43EBD46B9DFB546AF.text	03EB87EEFFEFFFB43EBD46B9DFB546AF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Glossoscolex (Praedrilus) itaguajensis	<div><p>Glossoscolex (Praedrilus) itaguajensis n. sp. Bartz &amp; James</p><p>(Fig. 1 e,f, Table 1)</p><p>Holotype. COFM BRPR 0058 adult, swamp area, sub-irrigated in Mr. Ermino Farm, Itaguajé, Paraná, Brazil; 23º35.01’S, 51º59.79’W, 261 masl, 12 May 2004, G.G. Brown and N.P. Benito colls.</p><p>Paratypes. COFM BRPR 0031 two adults (A, B), same collecting data as holotype.</p><p>Other material. MZUSP 1408 three adults, same collecting data as holotype; COFM BRPR 0119 one adult and one preclitellate and MZUSP 1409 two adults, river bank, Santo Inácio, 22º41.87’S, 51º47.65’W, 368 masl, 20 November 2005, U.F. Malacrida coll.</p><p>Etymology. The species is named for the municipality where it occurs (Itaguajé).</p><p>Description. Dimensions: Holotype 219 mm by 5.0 mm at x, 5.9 mm at clitellum, 5.2 mm at xl, 374 segments; paratypes A - 214 mm by 7.4 mm at x, 6.2 mm at clitellum, 6.1 mm at xl, 302 segments; B - 254 mm by 6.2 mm at x, 7.1 mm at clitellum, 5.6 mm at xl, 371 segments. Body cylindrical. Setae ab commence in vi but absent in xiv–xvii, cd commence in iv. Setae closely paired throughout; setal formula AA:AB:BC:CD = 12:1:7:1 at x, 15.5:1.5:7.5:1 at xxx, DD&gt; 1/2 circumference throughout and AA narrows near male pores in both directions. Prostomium prolobous. Unpigmented. Ovipores in trailing edges in xiv, 1.9 mm apart (the same aa distance in xxiii). Genital markings diffuse ovals in xiv, xv and xvii; genital marks in xiv with a pair of midventral small slit pores, 0.15 mm apart in line of male pores. Male pores in xvi, 0.2 mm apart. Clitellum saddle shaped, xvii, xviii–xxiv, 1/2xxv (Fig. 1 e). Nephropores not visible.</p><p>Septa 6/7–10/11, equally thick and muscular, 11/12 complete, septa 12/13/14 highly expanded with a circumesophageal barrier to make a sac, knobby outside and fuzzy inside, ovaries medial to sac. Alimentary canal with large cylindrical barrel-shaped gizzard in vi; esophagus with chevron lamellae pattern vii–ix, valvular in xiv; intestinal origin xv; typhlosole origin xv, end after ccl, tight zig-zag xv–xix, pocket fold with a straighter ventral ridge in xx–xxxiv, after xxxv simple blade, occupying 1/3 of lumen. Calciferous glands paired xii, radial-tubular type, no reservoir, with lumen, bean shaped, sessile on dorsal esophageal wall; blood vessels to gland include large branch of dorsal vessel to approximate center of each gland, two coalescing vessels from ventral gland margin to extra-esophageal vessel. Gland opening to esophagus near dorsum, large with lip along ventral margin. Holonephric, vesiculate; ducts to body wall near level of b.</p><p>Vascular system with ventral trunk, single dorsal trunk, lateral vessels in vii–ix, latero-esophageal hearts in x–xi. Extra-esophageal vessel visible near pharyngeal glands, passes along ventral-lateral face of gizzard and esophagus, ending in calciferous glands; supraesophageal vessel in x–xi.</p><p>Ovaries, ovarian funnels free in xiii adjacent to seminal vesicle tube passing through xiii; spermathecae absent. Central midventral small slit pores in xiv open inside the body wall. Male sexual system metandric, testes and funnels in single midventral subesophageal sac in xi; medial to hearts of xi pass narrow tubes to seminal vesicles; seminal vesicles expand from narrow tubes in xix, after xxii long slender and knobby, gradually narrowing on zigzag path back to xx–xxix, with parallel blood vessels on median side of longitudinal axis of vesicle; vasa deferentia large, looped to body wall, then zig-zag in the body wall muscle, join the central face of the oval muscular copulatory bulbs at level of xvi; bulbs extend over xv–xvii but occupy septally-defined space of xvi. Copulatory bulbs with hard muscular outer layer, dense, delicate glandular inner surface with small lumen leading to male pore at approximate center of bulb connection to body wall; lumen undulating in three dimensions; no transverse muscle bands crossing over bulbs.</p><p>Remarks. Glossoscolex (Praedrilus) itaguajensis is part of the Glossoscolex (Praedrilus) sub-genus defined by Righi (1971), as having preclitellar male pores. The differences between G. (P.) itaguajei and G. (P.) lutocolus are as follows, with the characteristics of the latter in parentheses: length 214–254 mm (119–185 mm), number of segments 214–254 (147–219), setae ab commence in vi but absent in xiv–xvii, cd commence in iv (setae beginning between iv and vii), setal ratios 15.5:1.5:7.5:1 (17:1:9:1), small midventral pores in xiv open inside the body wall, structures as a mesh linking septa 12/13/14 (septa bounding segment xiii with many small sacs on segment xii and xiv sides, sometimes with iridescent contents in sacs, thick white villous coating on xiii sides). Distinctions from G. (P.) tupii are largely the same as those mentioned for G. (P.) lutocolus . Glossoscolex (P.) itaguajensis has preclitellar male pores and the first clitellar segment is xvii rather than xviii. As in the remarks on G. (P.) uliginosus, this suggests that developmental control of clitellum development is linked to the male pore location in these species.</p><p>Glossoscolex (P.) itaguajensis corresponds to Glossoscolex n. sp. 22, as cited in Brown and James (2007a), Brown et al. (2008), James and Brown (2006, 2008), Fragoso and Brown (2007) and Sautter et al. (2006, 2007).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EB87EEFFEFFFB43EBD46B9DFB546AF	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Bartz, Marie Luise Carolina;James, Samuel Wooster;Pasini, Amarildo;Brown, George Gardner	Bartz, Marie Luise Carolina, James, Samuel Wooster, Pasini, Amarildo, Brown, George Gardner (2012): New earthworm species of Glossoscolex Leuckart, 1835 and Fimoscolex Michaelsen, 1900 (Clitellata: Glossoscolecidae) from Northern Paraná, Brazil. Zootaxa 3458: 59-85, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.282225
03EB87EEFFECFFB43EBD42C6DEB54317.text	03EB87EEFFECFFB43EBD42C6DEB54317.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Glossoscolex Leuckart 1835	<div><p>Subgenus Glossoscolex Leuckart 1835 (in Froriep 1835)</p><p>Diagnosis. One pair of intraclitellar male pores associated with a pair of intracoelomic copulatory bulbs. Type species. Glossoscolex (Glossoscolex) giganteus Leuckart, 1836 (in Oken 1836)</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EB87EEFFECFFB43EBD42C6DEB54317	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Bartz, Marie Luise Carolina;James, Samuel Wooster;Pasini, Amarildo;Brown, George Gardner	Bartz, Marie Luise Carolina, James, Samuel Wooster, Pasini, Amarildo, Brown, George Gardner (2012): New earthworm species of Glossoscolex Leuckart, 1835 and Fimoscolex Michaelsen, 1900 (Clitellata: Glossoscolecidae) from Northern Paraná, Brazil. Zootaxa 3458: 59-85, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.282225
03EB87EEFFECFFB23EBD4391DF6D42BF.text	03EB87EEFFECFFB23EBD4391DF6D42BF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Glossoscolex (Glossoscolex) palus	<div><p>Glossoscolex (Glossoscolex) palus n. sp. Bartz &amp; James</p><p>(Fig. 3 a,b, Table 1)</p><p>Holotype. COFM BRPR 00001 adult, sedge- Typha marsh within cattle pasture along BR 369 near Bandeirantes, Paraná, Brazil; 23º08.48’S, 50º22.88’W, 395 masl, 17 April 2004, G.G. Brown and S.W. James colls.</p><p>Paratype. COFM BRPR 0029 one adult, same collecting data as holotype.</p><p>Other material. MZUSP 1405 two adults, same collecting data as holotype; COFM BRPR 0124 two preclitellates, one juvenile, sedge- Typha marsh within cattle pasture along BR 369 near Bandeirantes, Paraná, Brazil; 23º08.48’S, 50º22.88’W, 395 masl. 12 February 2006, G.G. Brown and S.W. James colls.</p><p>Etymology. The species is named for its preference of habitat, the soft alluvial mud of swamps and marshes. The terminology “ palus ” comes from latin and means marsh or swamp.</p><p>Description. Dimensions: Holotype 185 mm by 5.4 mm at x, 6.7 mm at clitellum, 5.6 mm at xxx, 277 segments; paratype 185 mm by 5.7 mm at x, 7.0 mm at clitellum, 5.5 mm, 331 segments. Body cylindrical. Setae closely paired throughout; genital setae absent; setal formula AA:AB:BC:CD = 17:1.2:8:1 at xxx, DD&gt; 1/2 circumference throughout. Setae ab commence on iii–vi, cd on v–viii, usually not on same segment. Prostomium prolobous, pre- and post-setal secondary annulations present xii–xv. Unpigmented, clitellum slightly yellowish.</p><p>Ovipores post-setal, just above b in xiv; male pores 3–3.8 mm apart on xvii within paired elevated oval porophores, consisting of wrinkled oval ring surrounding central depression; broad midventral thickened triannulate epidermis in BB of xi–xvi, xviii–xxxvii, xxxix. Clitellum saddle to about AB distance above b, xv–xxvi (Fig. 3 b). Nephropores just above b.</p><p>Septa 5/6 thin, 6/7–10/11 equally thick and muscular, 11/12 and remaining septa membranous, septa 12/13/14 lacking white sac-like glandular development and fine villous white material lining segment xiii; 12/13/14 occasionally with embedded sacs containing iridescent white material. Alimentary canal with cylindrical gizzard in vi; esophagus with high chevron-patterned lamellae vii–xi, valvular in xiv, intestinal origin 15/16; typhlosole origin xvi, end ccxxxiii–ccxlix, strongly zig-zag folded xvi–xx, zig-zag with ventral edge bent over to form pockets from xxi to region of xxxiii, gradually becoming simple lamina. Calciferous glands paired xii, composite-tubular type, bean-shaped with long axis parallel to esophagus, sessile on dorsal esophageal wall; blood vessels to gland include large branch of dorsal vessel to approximate center of each gland, two coalescing vessels from ventral gland margin to extra-esophageal vessel. Gland opening to esophagus near dorsum, large with lip along ventral margin. Holonephric, vesiculate; ducts to body wall near level of B.</p><p>Vascular system with ventral trunk, single dorsal trunk, lateral vessels in vii–ix, latero-esophageal hearts in x–xi. Extra-esophageal vessel visible near pharyngeal glands, passes along ventral-lateral face of gizzard and esophagus, ending in calciferous glands; supraesophageal vessel in x–xi.</p><p>Ovaries, ovarian funnels free in xiii; spermathecae absent. Male sexual system metandric, testes and funnels in single midventral subesophageal sac in xi; medial to hearts of xi pass narrow tubes to seminal vesicles; seminal vesicles expand from narrow tubes, penetrate septa and range posteriorly along intestine to lx–lxxiv; seminal vesicles simple smooth elongate sacs with parallel blood vessels on median side of longitudinal axis of vesicle; vasa deferentia long, looped from xi, form dense zig-zag on body wall en route to ventro-lateral face of large oval muscular copulatory bulbs; bulbs extend over xv–xviii but occupy septally-defined space of xvii, xviii. Copulatory bulbs with thin muscular outer layer, dense, delicate corrugated glandular inner surface with small lumen leading to male pore at approximate center of bulb connection to body wall; small transverse muscle bands crossing over bulbs at 17/18, thin muscle bands attached from lateral body wall to ends of bulbs in xvi, xviii.</p><p>Remarks. Glossoscolex (Glossoscolex) palus belongs to the G. (G.) truncatus - group as defined in Cordero (1943) and Righi (1978). The group includes species with male pores in xvii in the subgenus Glossoscolex . Other previously defined species groups in the subgenus have male pores on or behind 18/19 (Righi &amp; Lobo 1979). The differences between G. (G.) palus and G. (G.) truncatus Rosa 1895 are as follows, with the characteristics of the latter in parentheses: length 130–190 mm (80–160 mm), number of segments 269–362 (200–300), clitellum saddle xv–xxvi (annular xvi–xxv), ovipores post-setal, just above b (near nephropores), septum 11/12 membranous (septum 11/12 thick), hearts of xi free (hearts of xi enclosed in testes sacs), testes sacs single midventral subesophageal (testes sacs circumesophageal), septa 12/13/14 occasionally with embedded sacs containing iridescent white material (no such development in septa 12/13/14).</p><p>Glossoscolex (G.) palus corresponds to Glossoscolex n. sp. 8, as cited in Brown and James (2007a), Brown et al. (2004, 2008), James and Brown (2006, 2008), Fragoso and Brown (2007) and Sautter et al. (2006, 2007).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EB87EEFFECFFB23EBD4391DF6D42BF	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Bartz, Marie Luise Carolina;James, Samuel Wooster;Pasini, Amarildo;Brown, George Gardner	Bartz, Marie Luise Carolina, James, Samuel Wooster, Pasini, Amarildo, Brown, George Gardner (2012): New earthworm species of Glossoscolex Leuckart, 1835 and Fimoscolex Michaelsen, 1900 (Clitellata: Glossoscolecidae) from Northern Paraná, Brazil. Zootaxa 3458: 59-85, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.282225
03EB87EEFFEAFFB33EBD4339DFB5407C.text	03EB87EEFFEAFFB33EBD4339DFB5407C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Glossoscolex (Glossoscolex) primaensis	<div><p>Glossoscolex (Glossoscolex) primaensis n. sp. Bartz &amp; James</p><p>(Fig. 3 c,d)</p><p>Holotype. COFM BRPR 0069 adult (amputated), swampy grasssland, Oliveira Farm, Primeiro de Maio, Paraná, Brazil; 22º50.85’S, 51º04.74’W, 351 masl, 12 April 2004, G.G. Brown and N.P. Benito colls.</p><p>Paratype. COFM BRPR 0037 one preclitellate, swampy grasssland, Oliveira Farm, Primeiro de Maio, Paraná, Brazil; 22º50.85’S, 51º04.74’W, 351 masl, 12 April 2004, G.G. Brown and N.P. Benito colls.</p><p>Other material. COFM BRPR 0033 two preclitellates and MZUSP 1404 one adult (amputated) and one preclitellate, swampy grasssland, Oliveira Farm, Primeiro de Maio, Paraná, Brazil; 22º50.85’S, 51º04.74’W, 351 masl, 12 April 2004, G.G. Brown and N.P. Benito colls.</p><p>Etymology. The species is named for the municipality where it occurs (Primeiro de Maio).</p><p>Description. Dimensions: Holotype amputated by 5.5 mm at x, 6.0 mm at clitellum, 5.0 mm at xxx; paratype 170 mm by 5.6 mm at x, 6.0 mm at xvii and 5.5 mm at xxx, 361 segments. Body cylindrical. Setae ab commence on ii–iii, cd on iii–iv, usually not on same segment. Setae closely paired throughout; genital setae absent; setal formula AA:AB:BC:CD = 18:1:5:1 at xxx, DD&gt; 1/2 circumference throughout. AA distance much narrower near male pores, gradually reducing from x–xv, then increasing xviii–xxv; either or both of ab setae present in xvi, xviii. Prostomium prolobous, post-setal secondary annulations present viii–xii, triannulate xiii–xv. Unpigmented, clitellum slightly yellowish. Ovipores post-setal, just above b in xiv; male pores 1.6–2.2 mm apart on xvii within paired round elevated porophores,. Clitellum saddle to just above b, xvi–xxv (Fig. 3 d), xvi and xvii thicker than other segments. Nephropores just above b.</p><p>Septa 5/6 thin, 6/7–10/11 equally thick, muscular, 11/12 remaining septa membranous, septa 12/13/14 with white sac-like glandular investment anterior face of 12/13, posterior face of 13/14; 13/14 often with posterior bulges containing iridescent white material; posterior face of 12/13, anterior face of 13/14 coated with fine villous white material. Septa 12/13/14 united by circumesophageal membrane isolating villous interior from other septal contents of xiii, which are medial to membrane. Alimentary canal with large cylindrical gizzard in vi; esophagus with high lamellae in chevron pattern vii–ix, valvular in xiv, intestinal origin xv; typhlosole origin xv, end cclxxv, strongly zig-zag folded xv–xxii, zig-zag with ventral edge bent over to form pockets xxi, xxii–region of xxv–xxx, ventral margin straight, after xxv–xxx gradually becoming simple lamina. Calciferous glands paired xii, composite-tubular type, lenticular, sessile on dorsal esophageal wall; blood vessels to gland include large branch of dorsal vessel to approximate center of each gland, two coalescing vessels from ventral gland margin to extraesophageal vessel. Gland opening to esophagus near dorsum, large with lip along ventral margin. Holonephric, vesiculate; ducts to body wall near level of b.</p><p>Vascular system with ventral trunk, single dorsal trunk, lateral vessels in vii–ix, latero-esophageal hearts in x–xi. Extra-esophageal vessel visible near pharyngeal glands, passes along ventral-lateral face of gizzard and esophagus, ending in calciferous glands.</p><p>Ovaries, ovarian funnels free in xiii adjacent to seminal vesicle tube passing through xiii; spermathecae absent. Male sexual system metandric, testes and funnels in single midventral subesophageal sac in xi; medial to hearts of xi, pass narrow tubes to seminal vesicles; seminal vesicles expand from narrow tubes in xiv, penetrate septa and range posteriorly along intestine to lv–lxiv; seminal vesicles simple elongate sacs with parallel blood vessels on median side of longitudinal axis of vesicle; vasa deferentia long, looped from xi, form dense zig-zag on body wall en route to ventro-lateral face of large long oval muscular copulatory bulbs, join bulbs at level of xiv–xv; bulbs extend over xv–xx but occupy septally-defined space of xvi, xvii. Copulatory bulbs with thin muscular outer layer, dense, delicate glandular inner surface with small lumen leading to male pore at approximate center of bulb connection to body wall; lumen undulating in three dimensions; no transverse muscle bands crossing over bulbs; bulbs with anterior, posterior apices attached by short stout muscles to body wall.</p><p>Remarks. Glossoscolex (Glossoscolex) primaensis is similar to Glossoscolex (G.) vizottoi Righi 1971 and G. (G.) giocondoi n. sp. (see below). The differences between G. (G.) primaensis and G. (G.) vizottoi are as follows, with the characteristics of the latter in parentheses: length 160 mm (130–438 mm), number of segments 306 (220–245), setae beginning between ii and iv (setae beginning in segment vii), setal ratios 18:1:5:1 (50:2.5:17.5:2), septa 12/13/14 with white sac-like glandular investment anterior face of 12/13, posterior face of 13/14 (no such development in septa 12/13/14), seminal vesicles simple elongate sacs (tubular, sinuous and very elongate), copulatory bulbs large, long and oval (thick tubular). Glossoscolex (G.) primaensis differs from G. (G.) giocondoi by: form of the clitellum saddle (annular), the form of the copulatory bulbs large, long and oval (small lenticular), last hearts in xi free (enclosed hearts in xi), testes sacs united ventrally (U shaped testes sacs). Glossoscolex (G.) primaensis has clitellar male pores in xvii. According to species groups defined for the subgenus Glossocolex by male pore location, G. (G.) primaensis falls in the truncatus group Cordero 1943; Righi 1978). (see also discussion).</p><p>Glossoscolex (G.) primaensis corresponds to Glossoscolex n. sp. 23, as cited in Brown and James (2007a), Brown et al. (2008), James and Brown (2006, 2008), Fragoso and Brown (2007) and Sautter et al. (2006, 2007).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EB87EEFFEAFFB33EBD4339DFB5407C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Bartz, Marie Luise Carolina;James, Samuel Wooster;Pasini, Amarildo;Brown, George Gardner	Bartz, Marie Luise Carolina, James, Samuel Wooster, Pasini, Amarildo, Brown, George Gardner (2012): New earthworm species of Glossoscolex Leuckart, 1835 and Fimoscolex Michaelsen, 1900 (Clitellata: Glossoscolecidae) from Northern Paraná, Brazil. Zootaxa 3458: 59-85, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.282225
03EB87EEFFEBFFB03EBD4072DF0B439F.text	03EB87EEFFEBFFB03EBD4072DF0B439F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Glossoscolex (Glossoscolex) mariarum	<div><p>Glossoscolex (Glossoscolex) mariarum n. sp. Bartz &amp; James</p><p>(Fig. 3 e,f, Table 1)</p><p>Holotype. COFM 0002 adult, forest soil, Reserva Particular do Patrimônio Natural Estadual Mata São Pedro, Lupionópolis, Paraná, Brazil; 22º41.79’S, 51º40.82’W, 314 masl, 29 April 2004, G.G. Brown and S.W. James colls.</p><p>Etymology. The species is named in honor of the three sisters—Maria Beatriz Ferrari Borges, Maria Eugênia Ferrari Borges and Maria Luiza Ferrari Borges—who are the owners of the forest reserve where the earthworms were collected.</p><p>Description. Dimensions 74 mm by 2.5 mm at x, 3.2 mm at clitellum, 2.6 mm at xl, body cylindrical, 275 segments. Setae closely paired throughout; genital setae absent; setal formula AA:AB:BC:CD:DD = 14:1:6:1:19 at x and AA:AB:BC:CD:DD = 20.7:1:4:1:17.3 at lx. Setae ab commence on iii, cd on iv. Prostomium prolobous, postsetal secondary annulations present xi–xiii. Unpigmented. Ovipores, almost invisible, lateral to a, in xiv. Male pores 1.2 mm apart on xvii within paired slight smooth dimples, round porophores; segment xvii much narrowed. Clitellum annular, xv–xxiii (Fig. 3 e, f). Nephropores just above b.</p><p>Septa 6/7 slightly, 7/8–10/11 equally thick and muscular, 11/12 thin, septa 12/13/14 /15 lacking white sac-like glandular development and 13/14 filled with fine stringy white material; joined at the outer edges forming two sacs. Alimentary canal with barrel shaped gizzard in vi; esophagus with high chevron-patterned lamellae vii–xi, valvular in xiv; intestinal origin xv; typhlosole origin xv, end cxxiv, tight zig-zag folded xv–xix, zig-zag with ventral edge bent over to form pockets xx–xxiii, after xxiv gradually becoming simple lamina. Calciferous glands paired xii, composite-tubular type, radial tubes dorsal-lateral to esophagus; blood vessels to gland include large branch of dorsal vessel to approximate center of each gland, two coalescing vessels from ventral gland margin to extra-esophageal vessel. Gland opening to esophagus near dorsum, large with lip along ventral margin. Holonephric, vesiculate; ducts to body wall near level of b.</p><p>Vascular system with ventral trunk, single dorsal trunk, lateral vessels in vii–ix, esophageal hearts in x–xi. Extra-esophageal vessel visible near pharyngeal glands, passes along ventral-lateral face of gizzard and esophagus, ending in calciferous glands; supraesophageal vessel in x–xi.</p><p>Ovaries, ovarian funnels free in xiii adjacent to seminal vesicle tube passing through xiii; spermathecae absent. Male sexual system metandric, testes and funnels in single midventral subesophageal sac in xi; medial to hearts of xi, pass narrow tubes to seminal vesicles; seminal vesicles expand from narrow tubes in xi–xii, penetrate septa and in xiii–xx form solid brilliant lateral bulges to xxi–xxviii, xxix, then expand suddenly in xxix, xxx to numerous lateral bead-droplet shaped branches along intestine to xlix; vasa deferentia long, looped from xi, form dense zigzag on body wall en route to ventro-anterior face of muscular fusiform copulatory bulbs; bulbs extend over 1/ 3xv–xix. Copulatory bulbs with thin muscular outer layer, dense, delicate corrugated glandular inner surface with small lumen leading to male pore at approximate center of bulb connection to body wall; no transverse muscle bands crossing over bulbs.</p><p>Remarks. Glossoscolex (Glossoscolex) mariarum is similar to Glossoscolex (G.) bondari Michaelsen, 1926, G. (G.) lacteus Zicsi &amp; Csuzdi, 1999 and G. (G.) terraopimus n. sp. (see below) The differences between G. (G.) mariarum and G. (G.) bondari and G. (G.) lacteus are as follows, with the characteristics of the both latter in parentheses: length 74 mm (180–215 mm and 40–72 mm), number of segments 275 (400–426 and 123–178), setae beginning between ii and iv (setae beginning in segment iv and very small and inconspicuous in the front body), setal ratios 20.7:1:4:1:17.3 (16.4:1:4.3:1:18.4 and 12:1.4:6:1:18), hearts of xi free (hearts of xi half enclosed in testes sacs and hearts of xi free), septa 12/13/14 /15 lacking white sac-like glandular development and 13/14 filled with fine stringy white material; joined at the outer edges forming two sacs (septa 11/12/13 /14 with numerous white round masses and not mentioned), copulatory bulbs fusiform (bean shaped and elongated). Glossoscolex (G.) mariarum differs from G. (G.) terraopimus by: position of female pores in equatorial line lateral to a (pre-setal in line of b), form and extension of the copulatory bulbs: fusiform, 1/3 xv–xix (vs. bean shaped, xv–1/2xviii), form and extension of seminal vesicles: branched, lobulated, xii–il (long flattened tubes, xii–lxix,lxxv). Glossoscolex (G.) mariarum has clitellar male pores in xvii. According to the species groups for the subgenus Glossocolex defined by male pore location, G. (G.) mariarum falls in the questionable truncatus group (see discussion).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EB87EEFFEBFFB03EBD4072DF0B439F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Bartz, Marie Luise Carolina;James, Samuel Wooster;Pasini, Amarildo;Brown, George Gardner	Bartz, Marie Luise Carolina, James, Samuel Wooster, Pasini, Amarildo, Brown, George Gardner (2012): New earthworm species of Glossoscolex Leuckart, 1835 and Fimoscolex Michaelsen, 1900 (Clitellata: Glossoscolecidae) from Northern Paraná, Brazil. Zootaxa 3458: 59-85, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.282225
03EB87EEFFE8FFB13EBD4019DAD5430C.text	03EB87EEFFE8FFB13EBD4019DAD5430C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Glossoscolex (Glossoscolex) sanpedroensis	<div><p>Glossoscolex (Glossoscolex) sanpedroensis n. sp. Bartz &amp; James</p><p>(Fig. 4 a,b, Table 1)</p><p>Holotype. COFM BRPR 0143 adult, forest soil, Reserva Particular do Patrimônio Natural Estadual Mata São Pedro, Lupionópolis, Paraná, Brazil; 22º41.79’S, 51º40.82’W, 314 masl, 29 April 2004, G.G. Brown and S.W. James colls.</p><p>Paratype. COFM BRPR 0041 one adult, amputated, same collecting data as holotype.</p><p>Etymology. The species is named for the place where it was found: Reserva Particular do Patrimônio Natural Estadual Mata São Pedro.</p><p>Description. Dimensions: Holotype 39 mm by 1.8mm at x, 2.1mm at clitellum, 1.6 mm at xl, 138 segments; paratype amputated by 2.1 mm at x, 2.2 at clitellum and 2.0 mm at xl. Body cylindrical. Setae closely paired throughout; genital setae absent; setal formula AA:AB:BC:CD:DD = 48:1:4:1:50 lx. Setae not visible before and in the clitellum. Prostomium prolobous, pre-setal secondary annulations present from viii until the end. Unpigmented. Ovipores post-equatorial line just below the nephropore line. Male pores 1.7 mm apart on xvii within paired elevated round porophores, in line of ab. Clitellum annular and whitish, 1/3 xiv–1/2 xxii (Fig. 4 a). Nephropores quite visible just above ab.</p><p>Septa 6/7 thin, 7/8–9/10 equally thick muscular, septa 10/11–11/12 united to form the testes sac, septa 12/13/ 14 /15 white thin sac-like glandular smooth development and 13/14 filled with fine granular white material; joined at the outer edges forming two sacs. Alimentary canal with short muscular gizzard in vi; esophagus with high chevron-patterned lamellae vii–xi, valvular in xiv; intestinal origin xv; typhlosole origin xv, end xcii, strong zigzag folded xv–xix, zig-zag with ventral edge bent over to form pockets xx–xxiv, after xxv gradually becoming simple lamina. Calciferous glands paired xii, composite-tubular type, bean-shaped, sessile on dorsal esophageal wall, blood vessels to gland include large branch of dorsal vessel that approximate to the back edges of each gland, two coalescing vessels from ventral gland margin to extra-esophageal vessel. Gland opening to esophagus near dorsum, large with lip along ventral margin. Holonephric, vesiculate; ducts to body wall near level of b. Vascular system with ventral trunk, single dorsal trunk, lateral vessels in vii–ix, esophageal hearts in x–xi. Extraesophageal vessel visible near pharyngeal glands, passes along ventral-lateral face of gizzard and esophagus, ending in calciferous glands; supraesophageal vessel in x–xi.</p><p>Ovaries, ovarian funnels free in xiii adjacent to seminal vesicle tube passing through xiii; spermathecae absent. Male sexual system metandric, testes and funnels in single annular sac in xi with enclosed hearts; seminal vesicles start in the back side of the testes sacs occupying segment xi and with projections of flatted oval sacs, penetrate septa and follow lateral/ventral the intestine until xv; vasa deferentia looped from xi, undulated on body wall en route to ventro-anterior face of muscular bean-shaped copulatory bulbs; bulbs occupying segments xvii–2/3xviii. Copulatory bulbs with thin muscular outer layer, dense, delicate corrugated glandular inner surface with small lumen leading to male pore at approximate center of bulb connection to body wall; no transverse muscle bands crossing over bulbs.</p><p>Remarks. Glossoscolex (Glossoscolex) sanpedroensis is close to Glossoscolex (G.) uruguayensis uruguayensis Cordero, 1943 although the latter is a much larger earthworm, and also to G. (G) minor Zicsi &amp; Csuzdi, 1999. The main differences between G. (G.) sanpedroensis and G. (G) minor are as follows, with the characteristics of the latter in parentheses: length 39 mm (24–45 20 mm), number of segments 138 (198–231), no setae visible before clitellum, beginning in xxiii (not mentioned), setal ratios 48:1:4:1:50 (30:1:10:1:50), clitellum anullar, 1/ 3 14–1 /2 22 (annular, 14–23), testes and funnels in single annular sac in xi (unparied teste sac in xi), copulatory bulbs bean shaped, 17–2/3 18 (elongated, 14–19). Glossoscolex (G.) sanpedroensis belongs to the truncatus group, defined in Michaelsen (1918) and Righi (1978).</p><p>Glossoscolex (G.) sanpedroensis corresponds to Glossoscolex n. sp. 3, as cited in Brown and James (2007a), Brown et al. (2004, 2008), James and Brown (2006, 2008), Fragoso and Brown (2007) and Sautter et al. (2006, 2007).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EB87EEFFE8FFB13EBD4019DAD5430C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Bartz, Marie Luise Carolina;James, Samuel Wooster;Pasini, Amarildo;Brown, George Gardner	Bartz, Marie Luise Carolina, James, Samuel Wooster, Pasini, Amarildo, Brown, George Gardner (2012): New earthworm species of Glossoscolex Leuckart, 1835 and Fimoscolex Michaelsen, 1900 (Clitellata: Glossoscolecidae) from Northern Paraná, Brazil. Zootaxa 3458: 59-85, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.282225
03EB87EEFFE9FFAC3EBD43E2DBF1468C.text	03EB87EEFFE9FFAC3EBD43E2DBF1468C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Glossoscolex (Glossoscolex) terraopimus	<div><p>Glossoscolex (Glossoscolex) terraopimus n. sp. Bartz &amp; James</p><p>(Fig. 4 c,d, Tabel 1)</p><p>Holotype. COFM BRPR 0019 adult, grassland on mountain top near Telepar Tower Station, Ortigueira, Paraná, Brazil; 23º58.30'S, 51º05.48'W, 1278 masl, 11 May 2004, G.G. Brown and S.W. James colls.</p><p>Paratypes. A. COFM BRPR 0015 one adult, forest soil, strip of vegetation next to main road PR 451, 500 m from county border, Faxinal, Paraná, Brazil; 23º54.69’S, 51º12.11’W, 1034 masl, 11 May 2004, G.G. Brown and S.W. James colls; B. COFM BRPR 0017 one adult, grassland on mountain top near Telepar Tower Station, Ortigueira, Paraná, Brazil; 23º58.30'S, 51º05.48'W, 1278masl, 11 May 2004, G.G. Brown and S.W. James colls.</p><p>Other material. COFM BRPR 0027 two adults and one juvenile and MZUSP 1407 one adult, forest soil, strip of vegetation next main road PR 451, 500 m from county border, Faxinal, Paraná, Brazil; 23º54.69’S, 51º12.11’W, 1034 masl, 29 May 2004, students of taxonomy course colls.; COFM BRPR 0056 one adult, forest soil, strip of vegetation next to main road PR 451, 500 m from county border, Faxinal, Paraná, Brazil; 23º54.69’S, 51º12.11’W, 1034 masl, 23 January 2004, G.G. Brown and C.Y.Matsumura colls.; COFM BRPR 0125 one adult, forest soil, strip of vegetation next main road PR 451, 500 m from county border, Faxinal, Paraná, Brazil; 23º54.69’S, 51º12.11’W, 1034 masl, 30 January 2006, G.G. Brown and S.W. James colls.; COFM BRPR 0322 one preclitellate and MZUSP 1406 two adults. forest soil, strip of vegetation next to main road PR 451, 500 m from county border, Faxinal, Paraná, Brazil; 23º54.69’S, 51º12.11’W, 1034 masl, 11 May 2004, G.G. Brown and S.W. James colls.; COFM BRPR 0335 one preclitellate, grassland on mountain top near Telepar Tower Station, Ortigueira, Paraná, Brazil; 23º58.30'S, 51º05.48'W, 1278masl, 11 May 2004, G.G. Brown and S.W. James colls.</p><p>Etymology. The species is named for the well-known very fertile soil in the region where the worms were collected.</p><p>Description. Dimensions: Holotype 81 mm by 2.9 mm at x, 3.2 mm at clitellum, 3.0 mm at xxx, 238 segments; paratype A - 85mm by 2.9 mm at x, 3.3 mm at clitellum, 3.2 mm at xxx, 220 segments, B - 68 mm by 2.5 mm at x, 2.8 mm at clitellum, 2.4 mm at xxx, 214 segments. Body cylindrical. Setae closely paired throughout; genital setae absent; setal formula AA:AB:BC:CD:DD = 22.2:1.1:7.8:1:44.4 at x and 32:1:6:1:42 at xxx. Setae ab and cd commence on iii. Setae ab absent in xvii and xviii, cd absent xvii to xxiii, AA distance increasing xviii–xxiii. Prostomium prolobous, post-setal secondary annulations present from xi–xvi and pre-setal secondary annulations after lx until the end. Unpigmented. Ovipores, almost invisible, pre-setal near ab, also in xiv small pores midventral 0.5 mm apart. Male pores 1.9 mm apart on xvii within paired slight depressions, internal to line of a. Clitellum annular and whitish xv–xxiii (Fig. 4 c, dd). Nephropores visible, just above b after clitellum.</p><p>Septa 6/7 thin, 7/8–10/11 equally thick and muscular, 11/12 and remaining septa membranous, septa 12/13/14 lacking white sac-like glandular development and fine villous white material lining segment xiii; 12/13/14 occasionally with embedded sacs containing iridescent white material. Alimentary canal with cylindrical gizzard in vi; esophagus with high chevron-patterned lamellae vii–xi, valvular in xiv; intestinal origin xv; typhlosole origin xv, end cxlvii, strongly zig-zag folded xv–xvii, zig-zag with ventral edge bent over to form pockets in region of xviii–xxxi, after xxxii gradually becoming simple lamina. Calciferous glands paired xii, composite-tubular type, bean-shaped, sessile on dorsal esophageal wall, blood vessels to gland include large branch of dorsal vessel that approximate to the back edges of each gland, two coalescing vessels from ventral gland margin to extra-esophageal vessel. Gland opening to esophagus near dorsum, large with lip along ventral margin. Holonephric, vesiculate; ducts to body wall near level of b.</p><p>Vascular system with ventral trunk, single dorsal trunk, lateral vessels in vii–ix, esophageal hearts in x–xi. Extra-esophageal vessel visible near pharyngeal glands, passes along ventral-lateral face of gizzard and esophagus, ending in calciferous glands; supraesophageal vessel in x–xi.</p><p>Ovaries, ovarian funnels free in xiii adjacent to seminal vesicle tube passing through xiii; spermathecae absent. Male sexual system metandric, testes and funnels in single midventral subesophageal sac in xi; attached to the sac are flat projections with iridescent material and extending until segments xii, xiii; narrow tubes from testes sacs to seminal vesicles pass lateral to hearts of xi; seminal vesicles expand from narrow tubes in xiv, penetrate septa and range posteriorly along intestine to lxix–lxxv; seminal vesicles elongate flat tubes with rounded branches and with parallel blood vessels on median side of longitudinal axis of vesicle; vasa deferentia looped from xi inside body wall en route to ventrally anterior face of muscular flat bean shaped copulatory bulbs; bulbs extend over xv–1/2 xviii. Copulatory bulbs with thin muscular outer layer, dense, delicate corrugated glandular inner surface with small lumen leading to male pore at approximate internal border of bulb connection to body wall; no transverse muscle bands crossing over bulbs.</p><p>Remarks. Glossoscolex (Glossoscolex) terraopimus belongs to the truncatus group, which includes species for the subgenus Glossocolex with male pores in xvii, defined in Cordero (1943) and Righi (1978). Glossoscolex (G.) terraopimus most closely resembles G. (G.) bondari and G. (G.) mariarum . The differences between G. (G.) terraopimus and G. (G.) bondari are as follows, with the characteristics of the latter in parentheses: length 81 mm (180–215 mm), number of segments 238 (400–426), setae beginning in segment iii (segment iv), setal ratios 32:1:6:1:42 (16.4:1:4.3:1:18.4), hearts of xi free (hearts of xi half enclosed in testes sacs), septa 12/13/14 lacking white sac-like glandular development and fine villous white material lining segment xiii; 12/13/14 occasionally with embedded sacs containing iridescent white material (septa 11/12/13 /14 with numerous white round masses), testes and funnels in single midventral subesophageal sac in xi; attached to the sac are flat projections with iridescent material and extending until segments xii, xiii (test sacs ventrally, united). Glossoscolex (G.) terraopimus differs from G. (G.) mariarum by: position of female pores pre-setal near ab (lateral to a), form and extension of the copulatory bulbs bean shaped, 15–1/2 18 (fusiform, 1/ 3 15–19), form and extension of seminal vesicles long flattened tubes, 12–69, 75 (branched, lobulated, 12–49).</p><p>Glossoscolex (G.) terraopimus corresponds to Glossoscolex n. sp. 14 and Glossoscolex n. sp. 16, as cited in Brown and James (2007a), Brown et al. (2008), James and Brown (2006, 2008), Fragoso and Brown (2007) and Sautter et al. (2006, 2007).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EB87EEFFE9FFAC3EBD43E2DBF1468C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Bartz, Marie Luise Carolina;James, Samuel Wooster;Pasini, Amarildo;Brown, George Gardner	Bartz, Marie Luise Carolina, James, Samuel Wooster, Pasini, Amarildo, Brown, George Gardner (2012): New earthworm species of Glossoscolex Leuckart, 1835 and Fimoscolex Michaelsen, 1900 (Clitellata: Glossoscolecidae) from Northern Paraná, Brazil. Zootaxa 3458: 59-85, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.282225
03EB87EEFFF4FFAD3EBD4762DBC14597.text	03EB87EEFFF4FFAD3EBD4762DBC14597.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Glossoscolex (Glossoscolex) giocondoi	<div><p>Glossoscolex (Glossoscolex) giocondoi n. sp. Bartz &amp; James</p><p>(Fig. 4 e,f, Table 1)</p><p>Holotype. COFM BRPR 0020 one adult, primary forest soil, Parque Estadual Mata dos Godoy, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil; 23º26.99’S, 51º15.42’W, 593 masl, 12 May 2004, G.G. Brown and S.W. James colls.</p><p>Paratypes. A - COFM BRPR 0323 one adult and B - COFM BRPR 0021 one adult, primary forest soil, Parque Estadual Mata dos Godoy, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil; 23º26.99’S, 51º15.42’W, 593 masl, 12 May 2004, G.G. Brown and S.W. James colls..</p><p>Other material. MZUSP 1411 two adults, primary forest soil, Parque Estadual Mata dos Godoy, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil; 23º26.99’S, 51º15.42’W, 593 masl, 12 May 2004, G.G. Brown and S.W. James colls.; COFM BRPR 0085 one adult, soybean field, Santa Helena Farm, Cafeara, Paraná, Brazil; 22º50.26’S, 51º41.92’W, 338 masl, 10 February 2005, G.G. Brown coll.; COFM BRPR 0087 one adult (amputated) and one preclitellate and MZUSP 1412 one adult, pasture, Santa Helena Farm, Cafeara, Paraná, Brazil; 22º50.26’S, 51º41.92’W, 338 masl, 1 July 2004, G.G. Brown coll.; MZUSP 1413 one adult and three juvenile, harvested wheat field, São José Farm, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil, 23º24.872’S, 51º18.847’W, 666 masl, 30 September 2009, M.L.C. Bartz and A. Pasini colls.; BRPR 0127 one adult, two preclitellates, one juvenile, pasture, São José Farm, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil, 23º24.872’S, 51º18.847’W, 666 masl, 19 June 2008, M.L.C. Bartz and A. Pasini colls.; MZUSP 1414 two adults, pasture, São José Farm, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil, 23º24.872’S, 51º18.847’W, 666 masl, 19 June 2008, M.L.C. Bartz and A. Pasini colls.; COFM BRPR 0128 one adult, pasture converted in annual crop (wheat), São José Farm, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil, 23º24.872’S, 51º 1 8.847’W, 666 masl, 30 September 2009, M.L.C. Bartz and A. Pasini colls.; COFM BRSP 0017 two adults (one amputated), soybean culture, Fazenda Gruta Azul, Taciba, São Paulo, Brazil, 22º32.92’S, 51º22.55’W, 440 masl, 15 Abril 2004, G.G. Brown and A. Pavão colls.; BRSP 0024 one adult and one preclitellate, soybean culture, Fazenda Gruta Azul, Taciba, São Paulo Brasil, 22º32.92’S, 51º22.55’W, 440 masl, 0 7 November 2002, G.G. Brown, coll.; MZUSP 1415 two adults, soybean culture, Fazenda Gruta Azul, Taciba, São Paulo, Brazil, 22º32.92’S, 51º22.55’W, 440 masl, 0 7 November 2002, G.G. Brown coll.</p><p>Etymology. The species is named in honor for the farmer Octavio Giocondo, owner of the São José Farm.</p><p>Description. Dimensions: Holotype 82 mm by 3.2 mm at x, 3.7 mm at clitellum, 2.8 mm at xl, 226 segments; Paratypes A – 74 mm by 3.5 mm at x, 2,8 at clitellum, 3.1 mm at xl, 191 segments; B – 57 mm by 2.8 at x, 3.0 at clitellum, 2.7 at xl, 196 segments. Setae ab commence on xi, c on xii, d on xxv, before clitellum setae very tiny and hardly visible. Setae closely paired throughout; genital setae absent; setal formula AA:AB:BC:CD:DD = 36:1.5:6:1:31 at xl. Prostomium prolobous. Unpigmented. Ovipores on small papillae in ventral equatorial line 0.2–0.3mm lateral to a in xiv; male pores 1.3–2.1 mm apart on xvii within paired lateral slits; clitellum annular, xvi–xxv (Fig. 4 e). Nephropores just above b.</p><p>Septa 6/7–9/10 equally thick, muscular, 10/11 thinner but muscular, 11/12 around heart and testes sacs, septa 12/13/14 united by circumesophageal membrane isolating villous interior from other septal contents of xiii, which are medial to membrane. Alimentary canal with large cylindrical gizzard in vi; esophagus with wide angle lamellae chevron pattern vii–ix, valvular in xiv; intestinal origin xiv, xv; typhlosole origin xv, end after clxx, open folds xv–xvii, strongly zig-zag folded xviii, xix–xxxiii, zig-zag with ventral edge bent over to form pockets xxiii–xxxv, after gradually becoming simple lamina. Calciferous glands paired xii, composite-tubular type, bean shaped, sessile on dorsal esophageal wall; blood vessels to gland include large branch of dorsal vessel to approximate center of each gland, two coalescing vessels from ventral gland margin to extra-esophageal vessel. Gland opening to esophagus near dorsum, large with lip along ventral margin. Holonephric, vesiculate; ducts to body wall near level of b.</p><p>Vascular system with ventral trunk, single dorsal trunk, lateral vessels in vii–ix, latero-esophageal hearts in x–xi. Extra-esophageal vessel from pharyngeal glands, passes along ventral-lateral face of gizzard, esophagus back to calciferous glands; supraesophageal vessel in x–xi.</p><p>Ovaries, ovarian funnels free in xiii adjacent to seminal vesicle tube passing through xiii; spermathecae absent.</p><p>Male sexual system metandric, testes and funnels in U shaped sac with hearts enclosed; medial to hearts of xi, pass narrow tubes to seminal vesicles; seminal vesicles expand from narrow tubes in xiv, penetrate septa and range posteriorly along intestine to xxiii–xxxv; seminal vesicles simple elongate sacs with parallel blood vessels on median side of longitudinal axis of vesicle; vasa deferentia long, looped from xi, form dense zig-zag on body wall en route to ventro-lateral face of small lenticular copulatory bulbs; bulbs extend over xvi–xviii but occupy septallydefined space of xvii. Copulatory bulbs with thin muscular outer layer, dense, delicate glandular inner surface with small lumen leading to male pore at approximate center of bulb connection to body wall; lumen undulating in three dimensions; no transverse muscle bands crossing over bulbs; bulbs with anterior, posterior apices attached by short stout muscles to body wall.</p><p>Remarks. Glossoscolex (Glossoscolex) giocondoi is closest to G. (G.) vizottoi Righi, 1971 and to G. (G.) primaensis n. sp. (see above). The differences between G. (G.) giocondoi and G. (G.) vizottoi are as follows, with the characteristics of the latter in parentheses: length 74–109 mm (130–438 mm), number of segments 191–341 (220–245), setae ab commence on xi, c on xii, d on xxv (setae beginning in segment vii), setal ratios 36:1.5:6:1:31 (50:2.5:17.5:2:67), septa 12/13/14 united by circumesophageal membrane isolating villous interior from other septal contents of xiii (no such development in septa 12/13/14), seminal vesicles simple elongate sacs (tubular, sinuous and very elongate), copulatory bulbs small lenticular (thick tubular). Glossoscolex (G.) giocondoi differs from G. (G.) primaensis by: form of the clitellum annular (saddle), the form of the copulatory bulbs small lenticular (large, long and oval), enclosed hearts in xi (last hearts in xi free), U shaped testes sacs (testes sacs united ventrally). Glossoscolex (G.) giocondoi has clitellar male pores in xvii. According to species groups defined for the subgenus Glossocolex by the male pore location, Glossoscolex (G.) giocondoi falls in the truncatus group (Michaelsen 1918, Righi 1978).</p><p>Glossoscolex (G.) giocondoi corresponds to Glossoscolex n. sp. 12 and Glossoscolex n. sp. 1, as cited in Brown and James (2006, 2007a, b), Brown et al. (2004, 2008), James and Brown (2006, 2008), Fragoso and Brown (2007) and Sautter et al. (2006, 2007).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EB87EEFFF4FFAD3EBD4762DBC14597	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Bartz, Marie Luise Carolina;James, Samuel Wooster;Pasini, Amarildo;Brown, George Gardner	Bartz, Marie Luise Carolina, James, Samuel Wooster, Pasini, Amarildo, Brown, George Gardner (2012): New earthworm species of Glossoscolex Leuckart, 1835 and Fimoscolex Michaelsen, 1900 (Clitellata: Glossoscolecidae) from Northern Paraná, Brazil. Zootaxa 3458: 59-85, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.282225
03EB87EEFFF5FFAD3EBD4211D93F4371.text	03EB87EEFFF5FFAD3EBD4211D93F4371.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Fimoscolex Michaelsen 1900	<div><p>Genus Fimoscolex Michaelsen, 1900</p><p>Diagnosis. Normal setae in 8 longitudinal lines. One intraclitellar male pore. One pair of calciferous glands in xi or xii with composite-tubular structure. Sexual system metandric and metagynic; seminal vesicles in general long; one copulatory bulb; spermathecae absent.</p><p>Type species. Fimoscolex ohausi Michaelsen, 1900</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EB87EEFFF5FFAD3EBD4211D93F4371	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Bartz, Marie Luise Carolina;James, Samuel Wooster;Pasini, Amarildo;Brown, George Gardner	Bartz, Marie Luise Carolina, James, Samuel Wooster, Pasini, Amarildo, Brown, George Gardner (2012): New earthworm species of Glossoscolex Leuckart, 1835 and Fimoscolex Michaelsen, 1900 (Clitellata: Glossoscolecidae) from Northern Paraná, Brazil. Zootaxa 3458: 59-85, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.282225
03EB87EEFFF5FFAA3EBD4377DF714354.text	03EB87EEFFF5FFAA3EBD4377DF714354.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Fimoscolex bartzi	<div><p>Fimoscolex bartzi n. sp. Bartz &amp; James</p><p>(Fig. 4 g,h,i, Table 1)</p><p>Holotype. COFM BRPR 0129 one adult, pasture converted into annual crop (wheat), São José Farm, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil: 23º24.872’S, 51º18.847’W, 666 masl, 30 September 2009, M.L.C. Bartz and A.Pasini colls.</p><p>Paratype. COFM BRPR 0132 one adult, soybean field under 35 years no-till, Rhenânia Farm, Rolândia, Paraná, Brazil; 23° 23.075’S, 51° 21.477’W, 675 masl, 19 June 2008, M.L.C. Bartz and A. Pasini colls.</p><p>Other material. COFM BRPR 0324 four adults, pasture converted into annual crop (wheat), São José Farm, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil: 23º24.872’S, 51º18.847’W, 666 masl, 30 September 2009, M.L.C. Bartz and A. Pasini colls. COFM BRPR 0130 one adult and two juveniles, pasture, São José Farm, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil: 23º24.872’S, 51º18.847’W, 666 masl, 30 September 2008, M.L.C. Bartz and A. Pasini colls.; COFM BRPRP 0131 one adult, black oats field under 35 years no-till, Rhenânia Farm, Rolândia, Paraná, Brazil; 23° 23.075’ S, 51° 21.477’W, 675 masl, 19 March 2008, M.L.C. Bartz and A. Pasini colls.; COFM BRPR 0325 one adult, soybean field under 35 years no-till, Rhenânia Farm, Rolândia, Paraná, Brazil; 23° 23.075’S, 51° 21.477’W, 675 masl, 19 June 2008, M.L.C. Bartz and A. Pasini colls.</p><p>Etymology. The species is named in honor of the farmer Herbert Arnold Bartz, considered the pioneer of the no-till system in Latin America and manager of the Rhenânia Farm from 1965 to 2007.</p><p>Description. Dimensions: Holotype 39 mm by 1.7 mm at x, 1.5 mm at clitellum, 1.6 mm at xl, 119 segments; paratype 37 mm by 1.2 mm at x, 1.0 mm at clitellum, 1.1 mm at xl, 166 segments. Body cylindrical. Setae ab and cd commence on iv, setae very tiny and hardly visible. Setae closely paired throughout; genital setae absent; setal formula AA:AB:BC:CD:DD = 20:1:4:1:30 at x and 28:1:6:1:32 at xxx. Prostomium prolobous. Unpigmented. Ovipores on very small papillae in a, in xiv; single male pore on xvii as an oval conical protuberance occupying 2/ 3xvi–1/3xviii. Clitellum saddle, xv–xxi (Fig. 4 g). Segments after clitellum with post-setal second or third annulations. Nephropores just above b.</p><p>Septa 6/7 and 10/11 thin muscular, 7/8–9/10 equally thick muscular, 11/12 membranous, around heart and testes sacs, septa 12/13/14 united by circumesophageal membrane isolating villous interior from other septal contents of xiii, which are medial to membrane. Alimentary canal with large cylindrical gizzard in vi, esophagus with wide angle lamellae chevron pattern vii–ix, esophagus valvular in xiv, intestinal origin xv; typhlosole origin xvi, end xci, cxxi, simple lamella in open folds xvi–xxiv, thicker lamella xv–xxvii, after xxviii gradually becoming simple and straight. Calciferous glands paired in xii, composite-tubular type, bean shaped, sessile on dorsal esophageal wall; blood vessels to gland include large branch of dorsal vessel to approximate center of each gland, two coalescing vessels from ventral gland margin to extra-esophageal vessel. Gland opening to esophagus near dorsum. Holonephric, vesiculate; ducts to body wall near level of b.</p><p>Vascular system with ventral trunk, single dorsal trunk, lateral vessels in vii–ix, latero-esophageal hearts in x–xi. Extra-esophageal vessel visible near pharyngeal glands, passes along ventral-lateral face of gizzard and esophagus, ending in calciferous glands; supraesophageal vessel in x–xi.</p><p>Ovaries in xiii; modified funnels, C shaped in xiv and a flat sac in 1/ 3 xii – 2/3 xv, under ventral nerve cord (Fig. 4 i); spermathecae absent. Male sexual system metandric, testes and funnels in sac with enclosed hearts; seminal vesicles start on the back side of the testes sacs in xi, penetrate septa and range posteriorly along intestine to xiv–xv as simple elongate sacs with parallel blood vessels on median side of longitudinal axis of vesicle; vasa deferentia long, looped from xi, on body wall in line of ab to the ventro-lateral face of the large single oval copulatory bulb (intersegmental line xvi/xvii); bulb extends over 2/3 xvi–1/3 xviii but occupies septally-defined space of xvii. Copulatory bulb with thin muscular outer layer, dense, delicate glandular inner surface with small lumen leading to male pore at approximate center of bulb connection to body wall; lumen undulating in three dimensions; no transverse muscle bands crossing over bulb; bulb attached by muscles to body wall.</p><p>Remarks. Fimoscolex bartzi is part of the genus Fimoscolex defined by Michaelsen (1900) as glossoscolecid worms having a single male pore and a single copulatory bulb. There are 7 species presently known in this group (James &amp; Brown, 2010). Fimoscolex bartzi is most similar to Fimoscolex angai minor Zicsi &amp; Csuzdi, 1987, with the differences between F. bartzi and F. angai minor as follows, the characteristics of the latter in parentheses: length 35–57 mm (77 mm), number of segments 119–188 (189–201), setae beginning between ii and iv (setae beginning in segment iv), setal ratios 28:1:6:1:32 (ab=cd, aa = 3bc), testes in sac in xi extending to 13 (ventral single testes sac, cone form), ovaries associated to flat sac (ovaries normal), last heart pair enclosed (free).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EB87EEFFF5FFAA3EBD4377DF714354	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Bartz, Marie Luise Carolina;James, Samuel Wooster;Pasini, Amarildo;Brown, George Gardner	Bartz, Marie Luise Carolina, James, Samuel Wooster, Pasini, Amarildo, Brown, George Gardner (2012): New earthworm species of Glossoscolex Leuckart, 1835 and Fimoscolex Michaelsen, 1900 (Clitellata: Glossoscolecidae) from Northern Paraná, Brazil. Zootaxa 3458: 59-85, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.282225
