identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
03E887FBFFB7FF9F2CA9F6E1FD7AC605.text	03E887FBFFB7FF9F2CA9F6E1FD7AC605.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Chiasmocleis haddadi Peloso, Sturaro, Forlani, Gaucher, Motta, and Wheeler 2014	<div><p>Chiasmocleis haddadi Peloso, Sturaro, Forlani, Gaucher, Motta, and Wheeler, 2014</p><p>Chiasmocleis hudsoni Fouquet et al. 2007</p><p>Holotype: MNHNP 2011.0139; Paratypes: MNHNP 2011.0140, 2011.0143 – 2011.0145, Mont Kotika, French Guiana .</p><p>Specimens removed from the type series: IEPA (FL 453–455, FL 511–513), IEPA (TQ 1036) .</p><p>Referred specimens examined. 13 males including four paratypes, one female (Appendix 2)</p><p>Definition. A small sized species for the genus; SVL in males 12.9–14.5 mm (N = 9); in females 17.2 mm (N = 1). Body ovoid, robust; head much narrower than body, snout rounded in dorsal and lateral views. Four distinctive fingers; all fingers slightly fringed on both sides, less pronounced distally on FIII, FIV and FI, fingers unwebbed; FI reduced with a rounded or slightly pointed tip, subarticular tubercle large and well-defined; finger tips of FII – IV rounded or slightly pointed, tips of FII and III slightly swollen; adpressed FI reached the middle of subarticular tubercle of FII; adpressed FIV reaches middle or distal margin of distal tubercle of FIII; thenar tubercle present; relative finger lengths I&lt;II &lt;IV &lt;III. Well-defined dorsolateral stripes enlarging posteriorly. Eyes with red iris. Upper surface of arms with brick-coloured blotches in life, grey in preservative. Five distinctive toes, first very small; toes slightly fringed, less pronounced distally on all toes, with small spicules on the fringes, toes not webbed; all toes with conspicuous subarticular tubercle; adpressed TI does not reach subarticular tubercle of TII; adpressed TV reaches the base of the middle subarticular tubercle of TIV; TII– IV with terminal discs. Thigh with ventral surface dark brown with blueish speckles in life, whitish in preservative. Some males with few small dermal spines on chin. Advertisement call with 6–8 notes, internote silences 0.035 s and dominant frequency 4.57 kHz (Fig. 3).</p><p>Comparisons with related species. Chiasmocleis haddadi can be distinguished from C. hudsoni (data in parentheses) by its smaller body size (SVL range = 12.9–14.5 vs. 15.2–18.5 in males); well-defined dorsolateral stripes enlarging posteriorly (absent or poorly defined); eyes with a red iris (copper, bronze or silverfish); upper surface of arms with brick-coloured blotches (dark brown with clear speckles); larger eyes (8.9–10.2% vs. 7.7–9.3% of SVL); thigh with small light speckles over a dark background (large dark blotches on the periphery over light in preservative to orange in life background); an advertisement call with more notes (6–8 vs 5 notes), longer silences among notes (0.035 vs 0.007 s) and lower dominant frequency (4.57 vs 4.94 kHz). For comparisons with more distantly related species of Chiasmocleis see Peloso et al. (2014).</p><p>Natural history and distribution. All the observations of this species have been made during breeding events, near temporary pools on hilltops (as opposed to riverbeds pools). The males were found calling under the leaves of the leaf litter at the periphery of the water. The clutch (8– 12 eggs) is deposited in the litter near the waterline. Tadpoles are exotrophic and pelagic (Fig 4).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E887FBFFB7FF9F2CA9F6E1FD7AC605	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Fouquet, Antoine;Rodrigues, Miguel T.;Peloso, Pedro	Fouquet, Antoine, Rodrigues, Miguel T., Peloso, Pedro (2022): A new Chiasmocleis (Anura: Microhylidae) from the eastern Guiana Shield with an amended definition of C. haddadi Peloso, Sturaro, Forlani, Gaucher, Motta, & Wheeler, 2014. Zootaxa 5200 (1): 1-23, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5200.1.1
03E887FBFFB5FF922CA9F26AFAB5C21C.text	03E887FBFFB5FF922CA9F26AFAB5C21C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Chiasmocleis jacki Fouquet & Rodrigues & Peloso 2022	<div><p>Chiasmocleis jacki sp. nov.</p><p>Chiasmocleis hudsoni Lescure &amp; Marty 2000</p><p>Chiasmocleis hudsoni Fouquet et al. 2007</p><p>Chiasmocleis haddadi Peloso et al. 2014 (part)</p><p>Chiasmocleis aff. haddadi Fouquet et al. 2019</p><p>Chiasmocleis cf. haddadi Vacher et al. 2020</p><p>Holotype. MNHN-RA-2020.0026 (field n° AF2716), an adult male collected at <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-52.3964&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=3.21873" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -52.3964/lat 3.21873)">Alikéné</a>, French Guiana (3.21873, -52.3964) by J.P. Vacher and S. Cally on the 17/02/2015 (Fig. 5, 6).</p><p>Paratypes. MNHN-RA-2020.0030–31 (field n° AF2714–5), two males and MNHN-RA-2020.0029 (field n° AF2669) a female collected with the holotype; MNHN-RA-2020.0033 (field n° AF5405) a male collected at Savane roche Dachine, French Guiana (3.469583, -53.229783) by M. Dewynter and E. Courtois on the 03/06/2019; MNHN-RA-2020.0028 (field n° AF1547) a female collected at <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-53.227093&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=3.615576" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -53.227093/lat 3.615576)">Saul</a>, French Guiana (3.615576, -53.227093) by M. Berroneau, M. Berroneau, L. Barthe and P.O. Cochard on the 22/01/2014 ; MNHN-RA-2020.0027 (field n° PG717) a female collected at <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-51.89339&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=3.806111" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -51.89339/lat 3.806111)">Saut Maripa</a>, French Guiana (3.806111, -51.893389) by M. Dewynter and K. Pineau on the 01/02/2012 ; MNHN-RA-2020.0032 (field n° AF5489), an adult male, collected at <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-52.98903&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=2.20963" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -52.98903/lat 2.20963)">Montagne Takulu</a>, French Guiana (2.20963, -52.98903) by Elodie Courtois and Maël Dewynter on the 30 April 2019 ; MNHN 1997.2272 a female collected at <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-53.06766&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=4.82167" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -53.06766/lat 4.82167)">Saint Eugene</a>, French Guiana (4.82167, -53.06766) by J.-C. De Massary on the 31 March 1997 .</p><p>Etymology. The specific epithet, a patronym formed as a noun in the genitive case, refers to Jack Dalton, the second tallest brother of the Dalton gang, the outlaw characters of Morris and Goscinny comic books Lucky Luke, reminding the different in size of the four species of Chiasmocleis co-occurring in the Guiana Shield, the new species being intermediary in body size.</p><p>Definition. The new species is characterized by the following unique combination of characters: SVL small, mean SVL in adult males 15.4 mm (range 14.8–16.3 mm, n = 5) and mean SVL in adult females 18.8 mm (range 19.2–20.2 mm, n = 4) (Table 1); body ovoid, robust; head much narrower than body, snout rounded in dorsal and lateral views; four distinctive fingers; Fingers I, II and III fringed proximally, particularly Finger III; fingers not webbed; FI developed but small with a rounded or slightly pointed tip, subarticular tubercle large two tubercules on FIII and FIV and only one on FI and II; rounded or slightly pointed and slightly swollen tips of FIII and IV; adpressed FI reaches the base of subarticular tubercle of FII; adpressed FIV reaches the base of distal tubercle of FIII; thenar and palmar tubercle present in all individuals; relative finger lengths I&lt;II&lt;IV&lt;III. Upper surface of arms with brick-coloured blotches in life, grey in preservative. Dorsolateral stripes enlarging posteriorly and illdefined dorsally. Eyes with a copper iris. Five distinctive toes, first very small; toes slightly fringed except Toe V and distally on FIV, more pronounced proximally on TI–III; toes not webbed; TI with without subarticular tubercle; adpressed TI does not reach subarticular tubercle of TII; adpressed TV does not reach or reaches only the middle of the middle subarticular tubercle of TIV; TII–IV with terminal discs. Thigh with ventral surface dark brown with blueish speckles in life, whitish in preservative. Some males with few small dermal spines on chin. Advertisement call with 7–8 notes, intercall silences 0.14 s and dominant frequency 3.84 kHz (Fig. 3).</p><p>Morphological comparisons with other Chiasmocleis . Phylogenetically the new species is part of the Chiasmocleis hudsoni species group, as defined by Peloso et al. (2014). We focus our comparisons to the known species in the group. Chiasmocleis jacki is most similar to C. haddadi and C. hudsoni, three species that co-occur in the Guiana Shield, for which we provide more detailed comparisons.</p><p>Chiasmocleis jacki sp. nov. can mainly be distinguished from its closest relative C. haddadi (in parentheses) by its larger body size (SVL range = 14.8–16.3 mm vs. 12.9–14.7 in males; 18.5–20.2 mm vs. 17.2 in the female); dorsolateral stripes ill-defined dorsally (well defined); smaller eyes (7.4–8.9 % vs. 8.9–9.7% of SVL) (Fig. 6); its advertisement call with shorter calls (0.09 vs 0.32s), longer silences among calls (0.14 vs 0.06 s) and lower dominant frequency (3.84 vs 4.57 kHz) (Fig. 3).</p><p>Chiasmocleis jacki sp. nov. can mainly be distinguished from C. hudsoni (in parentheses) by its dorsolateral stripes ill-defined dorsally (absent or poorly defined); upper surface of arms with brick-coloured blotches sometimes entirely brick coloured (dark brown sometimes with clear speckles); ventral surface of thigh with blueish speckles cream in preservative over a dark brown background (no speckles and light brown background in preservative to orange in life); an advertisement call with more notes (7–8 vs 5 notes), longer silences among calls (0.14 vs 0.013 s) and lower dominant frequency (3.84 vs 4.94 kHz).</p><p>Chiasmocleis jacki differs from C. antenori, C. carvalhoi, C. magnova, C. parkeri C. tridactyla in having four fully developed fingers, although FI is small (FI not evident externally in C. antenori, C. carvalhoi, C. tridactyla; FI and FIV much reduced in C. parkeri; FVI much reduced in C. magnova) and by its reticulated ventral colour pattern (dark with scattered light spots in C. antenori, C. magnova and C. parkeri; beige with white spots or blotches in C. carvalhoi).</p><p>Description of the holotype. An adult male, SVL 15.9 mm. Body ovoid, relatively robust. Head wider than long (1.2X), much narrower than body trunk; nostrils not protuberant, positioned anterolaterally, directed laterally; snout rounded in dorsal and in lateral views; canthus rostralis indistinct; interorbital region flat. Eyes small; tympanum not visible; pupil round; supratympanic fold indistinct. Tongue large, elongate, with free lateral and posterior edges, extended beyond the extent of the jaw; vocal slits present, one on each side of the tongue; choanae small, rounded, widely separated, anterior to eye; vomerine teeth absent. Vocal sac not externally evident, many small white dermal spines on the chin. Arms slender, FI reduced, FII, FIII, and FIV well developed; tips of FII and FIII rounded and of FI and FIV slightly pointed; no webbing between fingers; Fingers I, II and III fringed proximally, particularly Finger III; relative finger lengths I&lt;II&lt;IV&lt;III. Subarticular tubercles well developed on all fingers; one subarticular tubercle on FI and FII, two on FIII and FIV; no supernumerary tubercles; thenar tubercle present, rounded; palmar (metacarpal) tubercle divided, not prominent. No dermal spines visible on arms, hands, or fingers. Legs short (combined THL, TBL, and FL 1.7 X the SVL), relatively robust, lacking tubercles, tibial and tarsal ridges; toes not webbed; TI weakly developed (tip fails to reach subarticular tubercle on TII); relative toe lengths I&lt;II&lt;V&lt;III&lt;IV; toes slightly fringed except Toe V and distally on FIV, more pronounced proximally on TI–III; toe tips rounded with small discs on all except TI. Inner metatarsal tubercle present. Subarticular tubercles present on all toes except TI; no outer metatarsal tubercle; toes without dermal spines. Skin smooth dorsally and ventrally.</p><p>Colour of holotype in life. Dorsum uniform dark brown or mostly dark brown with a few scattered small white dots. Poorly defined dorsolateral stripes clearer than dorsum enlarging posteriorly; canthus rostralis and border of eyelid yellowish-cream. Upper surface of arms brick-coloured with brown blotches; upper surface of legs from thighs to feet reddish-brown with dark brown vermiculations; eye iris copper; throat, chest, ventral sides of flanks and ventral surfaces of limbs dark brown with blueish coloured speckles denser on the belly and forming a marbled pattern.</p><p>Colour of holotype in preservative. After seven years in 70 % ethanol, colours of the specimen faded, dorsum became brown, arms became light brown and ventral speckles became cream coloured; the throat appears darker than the other ventral surface (Fig. 5).</p><p>Variation in the type series. Proportions vary little among the types. Males are smaller than females (14.8–16.3 mm vs. 18.5–20.2). Dermal spines on the throat can be completely absent. Dorsal coulour pattern varies little except the number and position of the small white dots and the extent of brick colouration on the arms. Ventral colouration varies extensively from large blotches to a dense marbled pattern (Fig. 6).</p><p>Advertisement call. A single specimen calling from the under the leaf litter was recorded from about 2 m away at air temperatures between 23‒25°C and 90‒100% relative humidity. Descriptive statistics of call parameters are presented in Table 2. Chiasmocleis jacki emits series of short calls of 7–8 pulsed notes. These calls last 0.092 s on average (range 0.078 –0.105) between silence lasting 0.138 s on average (range 0.109 –0.166 s). The notes are very short and fused (note length mean = 0.010 s; range 0.009 –0.011 s). These notes are emitted with an upward and then downward amplitude within the call. The dominant frequency is 3.84 kHz on average (range 3.82–3.86 kHz) (Fig. 3, Table 2).</p><p>Natural history and distribution. Chiasmocleis jacki is found in terra firme primary forest and seemingly calls far from any water body. An imago (AF2880 Mitaraka) has been found nearby the unique calling male (not collected) observed so far, but other imagos have been found (AF2595—St Eugene) at considerable distance from water as well as nearby water (Saut Richard). Moreover, gravid females with large sized eggs have been examined. Its sister species, C. haddadi, lays large terrestrial eggs that hatch nearby the water that the exotrophic tadpoles reach after hatching, which is similar to what has been observed in C. hudsoni (Lima et al. 2006; pers. obs. in FG). We therefore suspect that its mode of development is endotrophic, like several closely related species in western Amazonia such as C. antenori (Krugel &amp; Richter 1995) .</p><p>This species is only known from a few localities east of the Approuague river, French Guiana (Savane Virginie, Noussiri, Armontabo, Alikéné, Mont Bakra, Roche Dachine, Trois Saut) and in Amapá, Brazil (Lourenço, Porto Grande, Rio Vila Nova) but also in Saül, in the Mitaraka massif and in the northern half of French Guiana as far as Saint-Eugène (Fig. 1). It is probably more widely distributed in the interior of the Guianas region but most likely remains endemic to the easternmost part of the Guiana region. It probably coexists in syntopy with C. haddadi since their ranges overlap at least in central French Guiana, although they have not yet been observed in syntopy.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E887FBFFB5FF922CA9F26AFAB5C21C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Fouquet, Antoine;Rodrigues, Miguel T.;Peloso, Pedro	Fouquet, Antoine, Rodrigues, Miguel T., Peloso, Pedro (2022): A new Chiasmocleis (Anura: Microhylidae) from the eastern Guiana Shield with an amended definition of C. haddadi Peloso, Sturaro, Forlani, Gaucher, Motta, & Wheeler, 2014. Zootaxa 5200 (1): 1-23, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5200.1.1
