taxonID	type	description	language	source
03E9A143BD7DFF92FF5DA12A36AD65AD.taxon	etymology	Etymology: Referring to the guttulate conidia.	en	Shi, Lin, Yang, Hao, Hyde, Kevin D., Wijayawardene, Nalin N., Wang, Gen-Nuo, Yu, Xian- Dong, Zhang, Huang (2021): Freshwater Sordariomycetes: new species and new records in Pleurotheciaceae, Pleurotheciales. Phytotaxa 518 (2): 143-166, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.518.2.4, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.518.2.4
03E9A143BD7DFF92FF5DA12A36AD65AD.taxon	materials_examined	Holotype: IFRD 9203, ex-type strain KMUCC 20 - 0152. FIGURE 2	en	Shi, Lin, Yang, Hao, Hyde, Kevin D., Wijayawardene, Nalin N., Wang, Gen-Nuo, Yu, Xian- Dong, Zhang, Huang (2021): Freshwater Sordariomycetes: new species and new records in Pleurotheciaceae, Pleurotheciales. Phytotaxa 518 (2): 143-166, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.518.2.4, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.518.2.4
03E9A143BD7DFF92FF5DA12A36AD65AD.taxon	description	Description: Saprobic on submerged wood. Sexual morph: Undetermined. Asexual morph: Colonies effuse, superficial, solitary, hairy, grayish to dark brown with visible whitish to grayish conidia. Mycelium mostly immersed. Conidiophores macronematous, mononematous, straight or slightly flexuous, 1 - septate, smooth, pale brown, becoming subhyaline towards the apex, 50 – 60 μm (x = 55 μm, n = 10) long, 3.5 – 4.5 μm (x = 3.8 μm, n = 10) wide. Conidiogenous cells polyblastic, terminal, integrated, cylindrical to tapered, sympodial, denticulate at the apex, pale brown to subhyaline, 30 – 39 × 2 – 5.5 μm, with 3 – 10 denticles 1.5 – 3 × 0.6 – 1.3 μm. Conidia clavate, straight or slightly curved, rounded at the apex, tapering towards the base, 3 – 4 - septate occasionally 1 - septate, hyaline, often with conspicuous guttulae, smooth-walled, 22 – 28 × 5 – 6 μm (x = 25.5 × 5.7 μm, n = 15). Cultural characteristics: Conidia germinated on PDA within 24 hours. Germ-tubes produced from both ends. Colonies on PDA reaching 17 – 22 diameters in 60 days at 25 ° C, with concavo-convex, humid, atrovirens to dark brown mycelium on the surface, in reverse dark brown to black, with irregular margin.	en	Shi, Lin, Yang, Hao, Hyde, Kevin D., Wijayawardene, Nalin N., Wang, Gen-Nuo, Yu, Xian- Dong, Zhang, Huang (2021): Freshwater Sordariomycetes: new species and new records in Pleurotheciaceae, Pleurotheciales. Phytotaxa 518 (2): 143-166, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.518.2.4, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.518.2.4
03E9A143BD7DFF92FF5DA12A36AD65AD.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined: CHINA. Yunnan Province, Qiubei City, a small river in Puzhehei scenic area, on dead submerged decaying wood of unidentified plants, 25 June 2019, Hao Yang, P 23 (IFRD 9203, holotype), ex-type living culture KUMCC 20 - 0152. Notes: Pleurothecium guttulatum clustered in Pleurothecium with strong support (98 % / 0.99, MLBS / MBPP, Figure 1). Morphologically, it fits well the generic concept of Pleurothecium in having brown conidiophores, polyblastic, sympodially conidiogenous cells with cylindrical to tapered denticles and hyaline, clavate conidia (Réblová et al. 2012, Luo et al. 2018). Among the 11 species epithets of Pleurothecium (Index Fungorum 2021), five species can be distinct from P. guttulatum by molecular data (Figure 1). In addition, the hyaline conidia in P. guttulatum are distinguished from the pigmented conidia in P. bicoloratum, P. clavatum and P. leptospermi (Wu & Zhang 2009). Pleurothecium guttulatum differs from P. malayense by hyaline, clavate conidia with a tapering base, while the latter has hyaline to pale brown, cylindrical conidia without a tapering base (Matsushima & Matsushima 1996). Pleurothecium guttulatum is different from P. magnum in having smaller conidia (22 – 28 × 5 – 6 μm vs. 27 – 31 × 9 – 11 μm) (Subramanian & Bhat 1989). Pleurothecium guttulatum is phylogenetically close to P. aquaticum. However, P. guttulatum differs in having 3 – 4 - septate and larger conidia (22 – 28 × 5 – 6 μm vs. 19 – 21 × 4.5 – 5.5 μm), while the latter possesses 0 – 3 - septate conidia (Luo et al. 2018). Based on the sequence divergence in the ITS gene region, they differ in 16 nucleotides (3 %, including 5 gaps), which follows the generally accepted norm that more than 1.5 % of nucleotide differences in the ITS region is likely to be a new species (Jeewon & Hyde 2016). Pleurotheciella species	en	Shi, Lin, Yang, Hao, Hyde, Kevin D., Wijayawardene, Nalin N., Wang, Gen-Nuo, Yu, Xian- Dong, Zhang, Huang (2021): Freshwater Sordariomycetes: new species and new records in Pleurotheciaceae, Pleurotheciales. Phytotaxa 518 (2): 143-166, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.518.2.4, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.518.2.4
03E9A143BD73FF93FF5DA5993587677D.taxon	etymology	Etymology: Referring to the sympodial conidiogenous cells.	en	Shi, Lin, Yang, Hao, Hyde, Kevin D., Wijayawardene, Nalin N., Wang, Gen-Nuo, Yu, Xian- Dong, Zhang, Huang (2021): Freshwater Sordariomycetes: new species and new records in Pleurotheciaceae, Pleurotheciales. Phytotaxa 518 (2): 143-166, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.518.2.4, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.518.2.4
03E9A143BD73FF93FF5DA5993587677D.taxon	materials_examined	Holotype: MFLU 19 - 0552, ex-type strain KUMCC 19 - 0213 FIGURE 3	en	Shi, Lin, Yang, Hao, Hyde, Kevin D., Wijayawardene, Nalin N., Wang, Gen-Nuo, Yu, Xian- Dong, Zhang, Huang (2021): Freshwater Sordariomycetes: new species and new records in Pleurotheciaceae, Pleurotheciales. Phytotaxa 518 (2): 143-166, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.518.2.4, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.518.2.4
03E9A143BD73FF93FF5DA5993587677D.taxon	description	Description: Saprobic on submerged decaying wood. Sexual morph Undetermined. Asexual morph Colonies on natural substrata effuse, scattered, hairy, solitary or in groups, with white masses of conidia on the upper part of dark brown conidiophores. Mycelium mostly immersed, partly superficial. Conidiophores macronematous, synnematous, septate, erect, mid brown to dark brown, smooth, 135 – 355 μm (x = 243 μm, n = 30) long, 1.5 – 3.5 μm (x = 2.5 μm, n = 30) wide. Synnemata erect, rigid, brown, velvety, smooth, conidiophores splaying out or divergent at the apical part, 7 – 22 μm (x = 14 μm, n = 30) wide. Conidiogenous cells polyblastic, terminal, integrated, smooth, cylindrical or subulate, subhyaline to pale brown, denticulate, with several tiny sympodial denticles. Conidia clavate, straight or slightly curved, rounded at apex, tapering towards base, with a single median septum, hyaline, guttulate, smoothwalled, 22.5 – 29 × 4.5 – 6.5 μm (x = 25 × 5.5 μm, n = 20). Cultural characteristics: Conidia germinated on PDA within 24 hours. Germ tubes produced from the apex. Colonies on PDA slow-growing, reaching 9 – 10 diameters in 30 days at 25 ° C, with dense, humid, dark brown mycelium on the surface, in reverse dark brown to black, with undulate margin.	en	Shi, Lin, Yang, Hao, Hyde, Kevin D., Wijayawardene, Nalin N., Wang, Gen-Nuo, Yu, Xian- Dong, Zhang, Huang (2021): Freshwater Sordariomycetes: new species and new records in Pleurotheciaceae, Pleurotheciales. Phytotaxa 518 (2): 143-166, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.518.2.4, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.518.2.4
03E9A143BD73FF93FF5DA5993587677D.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined: THAILAND. Nakhon Phanom Province, a small river in That Phanom, on dead submerged decaying wood of unidentified plants, 12 December 2018, Hao Yang, t 46 (MFLU 19 - 0552, holotype), ex-type living culture KUMCC 19 - 0213; THAILAND. Chiang Mai Province, a small river in Mae Ai, on dead submerged decaying wood of unidentified plants, 15 February 2018, Xian-Dong Yu, Y 17 (MFLU 18 - 0995, paratype), ex-paratype living culture MFLUCC 18 - 0983; THAILAND. Phayao Province, a small stream in Pong, on dead submerged decaying wood of unidentified plants, 23 February 2018, Gen-Nuo Wang, QR 3 (MFLU 18 - 0965, paratype), ex-paratype living culture MFLUCC 18 - 0658. Notes: In the phylogenetic tree, Pleurotheciella sympodia clustered within Pleurotheciella and was close to Pl. tropica and Pl. krabiensis. However, Pl. sympodia differs in having long (up to 355 μm long), synnematous conidiophores and longer conidia (22.5 – 29 μm in Pl. sympodia vs. 16 – 21 μm in Pl. tropica vs. 19 – 25 μm in Pl. krabiensis), while Pl. tropica has solitary conidiophores, and Pl. krabiensis has caespitose to loosely fascicled conidiophores (Hyde et al. 2018). Thus, a new species, Pl. sympodia, is introduced herein. The strains Pl. sympodia (MFLUCC 18 - 0983) and Pl. sympodia (MFLUCC 18 - 0658) have identical ITS sequence data, which have four nucleotide differences from the ex-type strain Pl. sympodia (KUMCC 19 - 0213).	en	Shi, Lin, Yang, Hao, Hyde, Kevin D., Wijayawardene, Nalin N., Wang, Gen-Nuo, Yu, Xian- Dong, Zhang, Huang (2021): Freshwater Sordariomycetes: new species and new records in Pleurotheciaceae, Pleurotheciales. Phytotaxa 518 (2): 143-166, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.518.2.4, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.518.2.4
03E9A143BD71FF91FF5DA6FA34CD653D.taxon	materials_examined	Holotype: CBS H- 23854, ex-type strain MD 1317. FIGURE 4 Detailed description refers to Abdel-Aziz et al. (2020). Material examined: THAILAND. Nakhon Phanom Province, a small river in That Phanom, on dead submerged decaying wood of unidentified plants, 12 December 2018, Hao Yang, t 48 (MFLU 19 - 0554), living culture KUMCC 19 - 0214; CHINA. Yunnan Province, Qiubei City, a small river in Puzhehei scenic area, on dead submerged decaying wood of unidentified plants, 25 June 2019, Hao Yang, P 39 (IFRD 500 - 014), living culture KUMCC 20 - 0154. Notes: Pleurotheciella nilotica, introduced by Abdel-Aziz et al. (2020), was collected from decaying submerged wood in River Nile, Sohag City, Egypt. It is characterized by caespitose to loosely fasciculate, brown conidiophores and clavate or lunate, hyaline conidia (Abdel-Aziz et al. 2020, this study). Our two new collections are identified as Pl. nilotica based on the morphological characters and phylogenetic analyses, as well as nearly identical LSU (identity between KUMCC 20 - 0154 and ex-type and one nucleotide difference between KUMCC 19 - 0214 and the ex-type) and SSU (identity between KUMCC 19 - 0214 and ex-type and one nucleotide difference between KUMCC 20 - 0154 and the ex-type) sequence data. We provide ITS sequence for this species. Our collections have slightly larger conidia (x = 13.4 × 4.8 μm vs. 10.6 × 2.9 μm) than the type material of Pl. nilotica. This is the first report of Pl. nilotica from Asia (Thailand and China). Other species included in Pleurotheciella	en	Shi, Lin, Yang, Hao, Hyde, Kevin D., Wijayawardene, Nalin N., Wang, Gen-Nuo, Yu, Xian- Dong, Zhang, Huang (2021): Freshwater Sordariomycetes: new species and new records in Pleurotheciaceae, Pleurotheciales. Phytotaxa 518 (2): 143-166, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.518.2.4, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.518.2.4
03E9A143BD71FF91FF5DA6FA34CD653D.taxon	materials_examined	Holotype: MFLU 17 - 0911, ex-type strain MFLUCC 17 - 0464. Notes: Pleurotheciella aquatica was introduced by Luo et al. (2018) from a freshwater habitat in Yunnan Province, China. It is characterized by solitary or rarely with two fascicles conidiophores, dark brown at below half, pale brown to hyaline above half and lunate to suballantoid, hyaline, 0 – 3 - septate conidia.	en	Shi, Lin, Yang, Hao, Hyde, Kevin D., Wijayawardene, Nalin N., Wang, Gen-Nuo, Yu, Xian- Dong, Zhang, Huang (2021): Freshwater Sordariomycetes: new species and new records in Pleurotheciaceae, Pleurotheciales. Phytotaxa 518 (2): 143-166, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.518.2.4, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.518.2.4
03E9A143BD70FF91FF5DA509337762B1.taxon	materials_examined	Holotype: dried culture of DAOM 229631, ex-type strain DAOM 229631. Notes: Pleurotheciella centenaria was introduced by Réblová et al. (2012) on decaying submerged wood from Centennial Lake in Ontario, Canada. Conidiophores arising from hyaline hyphae are 0 – 1 – 3 - septate, unbranched to simply branched, slightly tapering toward the apex, hyaline to subhyaline, often reduced to a conidiogenous cell which is cylindrical to ampulliform, hyaline, elongating sympodially, with 1 – 7 subcylindrical denticles. Conidia are subcylindrical, fusiform to slightly obovoid, hyaline, subhyaline in mass and 3 - septate.	en	Shi, Lin, Yang, Hao, Hyde, Kevin D., Wijayawardene, Nalin N., Wang, Gen-Nuo, Yu, Xian- Dong, Zhang, Huang (2021): Freshwater Sordariomycetes: new species and new records in Pleurotheciaceae, Pleurotheciales. Phytotaxa 518 (2): 143-166, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.518.2.4, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.518.2.4
03E9A143BD70FF91FF5DA29D33C66025.taxon	materials_examined	Holotype: PRA- 00016170, ex-type strain CBS 142447 Notes: Pleurotheciella erumpens is exclusively known from lotic habitats of France and Spain (Réblová et al. 2020). So far it is only known as sexual morph which is characterized by immersed to variously erumpent, subglobose to ellipsoidal-oblong ascomata, with a central or eccentric to lateral papilla or rostrate neck, unitunicate, cylindricalclavate to slightly fusiform, 8 - spored asci, with short-cylindrical to slightly wedge-shaped apical ring, and fusiform, hyaline, 3 – 5 - septate ascospores lacking a mucilaginous sheath or appendages (Réblová et al. 2020).	en	Shi, Lin, Yang, Hao, Hyde, Kevin D., Wijayawardene, Nalin N., Wang, Gen-Nuo, Yu, Xian- Dong, Zhang, Huang (2021): Freshwater Sordariomycetes: new species and new records in Pleurotheciaceae, Pleurotheciales. Phytotaxa 518 (2): 143-166, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.518.2.4, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.518.2.4
03E9A143BD70FF91FF5DA0E1327A6199.taxon	materials_examined	Holotype: MFLU 17 - 0909, ex-type strains MFLUCC 17 - 0113 and KUMCC 15 - 0201. Notes: Pleurotheciella fusiformis was reported from decaying submerged wood in Yunnan Province, China (Luo et al. 2018). It is a holomorphic species characterized by semi-immersed to superficial, dark brown to black ascomata, unitunicate, cylindrical, 8 - spored asci and fusiform, straight or slightly curved, hyaline, uniseptate ascospores; caespitose to loosely fasciculate conidiophores and lunate to suballantoid, 0 – 1 - septate, hyaline conidia (Luo et al. 2018). Phylogenetically, Pl. fusiformis is sister to Pl. aquatica (Figure 1) but differs by hyaline conidiophores.	en	Shi, Lin, Yang, Hao, Hyde, Kevin D., Wijayawardene, Nalin N., Wang, Gen-Nuo, Yu, Xian- Dong, Zhang, Huang (2021): Freshwater Sordariomycetes: new species and new records in Pleurotheciaceae, Pleurotheciales. Phytotaxa 518 (2): 143-166, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.518.2.4, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.518.2.4
03E9A143BD77FF96FF5DA6F9347067C9.taxon	materials_examined	Holotype: MFLU 17 - 0914, ex-type strain KUMCC 15 - 0296. Notes: Pleurotheciella guttulata was introduced by Luo et al. (2018) from decaying wood submerged in Dulong River, Yunnan, China. It is characterized by caespitose to loosely fasciculate, hyaline conidiophores and subcylindrical, fusiform to slightly obovoid, aseptate conidia (Luo et al. 2018).	en	Shi, Lin, Yang, Hao, Hyde, Kevin D., Wijayawardene, Nalin N., Wang, Gen-Nuo, Yu, Xian- Dong, Zhang, Huang (2021): Freshwater Sordariomycetes: new species and new records in Pleurotheciaceae, Pleurotheciales. Phytotaxa 518 (2): 143-166, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.518.2.4, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.518.2.4
03E9A143BD77FF96FF5DA78535DE6561.taxon	materials_examined	Holotype: MFLU 18 - 0140, ex-type strain MFLUCC 16 - 0852 Notes: Hyde et al. (2018) introduced Pleurotheciella krabiensis from decaying wood submerged in a freshwater stream near Morakot Lake, Krabi Province, Thailand. It was described in having synnematous conidiophores, but it is more like caespitose to loosely fasciculate from the plate (Hyde et al. 2018). Phylogenetically, Pl. krabiensis is sister to Pl. tropica, but the latter has mononematous conidiophores.	en	Shi, Lin, Yang, Hao, Hyde, Kevin D., Wijayawardene, Nalin N., Wang, Gen-Nuo, Yu, Xian- Dong, Zhang, Huang (2021): Freshwater Sordariomycetes: new species and new records in Pleurotheciaceae, Pleurotheciales. Phytotaxa 518 (2): 143-166, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.518.2.4, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.518.2.4
03E9A143BD77FF96FF5DA52D35F462F9.taxon	materials_examined	Holotype: MFLU 17 - 0913, ex-type strains MFLUCC 17 - 0111 and KUMCC 15 - 0397. Notes: Pleurotheciella lunata was introduced by Luo et al. (2018) from decaying submerged wood in Jinsha River, Yunnan Province, China. It resembles Pl. aquatica in having lunate conidia, but Pl. lunata has up to six caespitose dark brown conidiophores in group, while Pl. aquatica has solitary or rarely two caespitose, subhyaline to dark brown conidiophores and smaller conidia (Luo et al. 2018).	en	Shi, Lin, Yang, Hao, Hyde, Kevin D., Wijayawardene, Nalin N., Wang, Gen-Nuo, Yu, Xian- Dong, Zhang, Huang (2021): Freshwater Sordariomycetes: new species and new records in Pleurotheciaceae, Pleurotheciales. Phytotaxa 518 (2): 143-166, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.518.2.4, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.518.2.4
03E9A143BD77FF96FF5DA2D536316025.taxon	materials_examined	Holotype: PRM 899852, ex-type strain CBS 125238 Notes: Pleurotheciella rivularia is a holomorphic species characterized by semi-immersed to superficial, venter subglobose with a conical papilla, dark brown to gray-brown perithecia, sometimes lying toward the host, unitunicate, cylindrical-clavate, short stipitate, 8 - spored asci and ellipsoidal to ellipsoidal-fusiform, hyaline to subhyaline, 3 - septate ascospores lacking a mucilaginous sheath or appendages. Conidiophores arising from culture are 1 – 2 - septate, unbranched to sparingly branched, hyaline to subhyaline, often reduced to a conidiogenous cell, and conidia are ellipsoidal to obovoid or subglobose, 0 – 1 – 2 - septate, individually hyaline to subhyaline, subhyaline in mass (Réblová et al. 2012).	en	Shi, Lin, Yang, Hao, Hyde, Kevin D., Wijayawardene, Nalin N., Wang, Gen-Nuo, Yu, Xian- Dong, Zhang, Huang (2021): Freshwater Sordariomycetes: new species and new records in Pleurotheciaceae, Pleurotheciales. Phytotaxa 518 (2): 143-166, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.518.2.4, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.518.2.4
03E9A143BD77FF96FF5DA0E136D06199.taxon	materials_examined	Holotype: MFLU 17 – 0915, ex-type strain MFLUCC 16 – 1251, KUMCC 15 – 0409. Notes: Pleurotheciella saprophytica was introduced by Luo et al. (2018) from decaying submerged wood in Jinsha River, Yunnan Province, China. It is distinguished from other Pleurotheciella species in having conspicuous denticulate conidiogenous cells which occupies more than half of the conidiophores and subcylindrical to obovoid, 1 - septate conidia, while the other species has denticulate conidiogenous cells only at the tip of the conidiophore and ellipsoidal to obovoid, 0 – 3 - septate conidia.	en	Shi, Lin, Yang, Hao, Hyde, Kevin D., Wijayawardene, Nalin N., Wang, Gen-Nuo, Yu, Xian- Dong, Zhang, Huang (2021): Freshwater Sordariomycetes: new species and new records in Pleurotheciaceae, Pleurotheciales. Phytotaxa 518 (2): 143-166, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.518.2.4, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.518.2.4
03E9A143BD76FF97FF5DA6F932B967C9.taxon	materials_examined	Holotype: MFLU 17 - 0916, ex-type strains MFLU 17 - 1709. Notes: Pleurotheciella submersa was introduced by Luo et al. (2018) from decaying submerged wood in a lake, Yunnan Province, China. It is characterized by mononematous, unbranched, mostly 7 - septate, dark brown at the base, pale brown to subhyaline towards the apex, cylindrical conidiophores, and subcylindrical, hyaline, aseptate conidia.	en	Shi, Lin, Yang, Hao, Hyde, Kevin D., Wijayawardene, Nalin N., Wang, Gen-Nuo, Yu, Xian- Dong, Zhang, Huang (2021): Freshwater Sordariomycetes: new species and new records in Pleurotheciaceae, Pleurotheciales. Phytotaxa 518 (2): 143-166, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.518.2.4, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.518.2.4
03E9A143BD76FF97FF5DA78533976485.taxon	materials_examined	Holotype: MFLU 17 - 0913, ex-type strains MFLU 18 - 0141 and MFLUCC 16 - 0867. Notes: Hyde et al. (2018) reported Pleurotheciella tropica from decaying submerged wood in a freshwater stream of Bann Tom Thong Khang, Phang Nga Province, Thailand. It is characterized by solitary or no more than two fascicles, brown conidiophores and obovoid or subclavate, hyaline, guttulate, straight, uniseptate conidia.	en	Shi, Lin, Yang, Hao, Hyde, Kevin D., Wijayawardene, Nalin N., Wang, Gen-Nuo, Yu, Xian- Dong, Zhang, Huang (2021): Freshwater Sordariomycetes: new species and new records in Pleurotheciaceae, Pleurotheciales. Phytotaxa 518 (2): 143-166, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.518.2.4, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.518.2.4
03E9A143BD76FF97FF5DA541341F62D5.taxon	materials_examined	Holotype: DAOM 673210, ex-type strain DAOMC 250294. Notes: Réblová et al. (2016 a) transferred Dactylaria uniseptata to the genus Pleurotheciella as Pl. uniseptata because it grouped in Pleurotheciella in their study. Luo et al. (2018) re-collected it from decaying submerged wood in Jinsha River, Yunnan Province, China (MFLU 17 – 0912, living culture KUMCC 15 – 0470). It is characterized by mononematous, straight or sinuous, unbranched, septate, conidiophores, and fusiform or slightly clavate, hyaline to grayish, 1 - septate conidia with 1 – 2 large guttulae in each cell.	en	Shi, Lin, Yang, Hao, Hyde, Kevin D., Wijayawardene, Nalin N., Wang, Gen-Nuo, Yu, Xian- Dong, Zhang, Huang (2021): Freshwater Sordariomycetes: new species and new records in Pleurotheciaceae, Pleurotheciales. Phytotaxa 518 (2): 143-166, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.518.2.4, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.518.2.4
03E9A143BD75FF95FF5DA0963543677D.taxon	type_taxon	Type species: Phaeoisaria bambusae Höhn., Sber. Akad. Wiss. Wien, Math. - naturw. Kl., Abt. 1 118: 329 (1909) Notes: Phaeoisaria, typified by Ph. bambusae, can be easily recognized by its erect, brown, indeterminate synnemata with compact and parallel arrangement of conidiophores, sympodially extending polyblastic, denticulate conidiogenous cells and solitary, septate or aseptate, ellipsoidal, obovoid, fusiform-cylindrical or falcate conidia (Cheng et al. 2014, Réblová et al. 2016 a, Luo et al. 2018). Currently, 23 epithets are listed in the genus, but only eight species are confirmed with molecular data (Luo et al. 2019, Hyde et al. 2020 a). Five species have been reported from freshwater habitats (Luo et al. 2019). In this study, we collected a phaeoisaria-like taxon from submerged wood in a small river of Nakhon Phanom Province, Thailand. Phylogenetic analyses confirmed our new collection clustered in Phaeoisaria, and represents Phaeoisaria annesophieae.	en	Shi, Lin, Yang, Hao, Hyde, Kevin D., Wijayawardene, Nalin N., Wang, Gen-Nuo, Yu, Xian- Dong, Zhang, Huang (2021): Freshwater Sordariomycetes: new species and new records in Pleurotheciaceae, Pleurotheciales. Phytotaxa 518 (2): 143-166, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.518.2.4, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.518.2.4
03E9A143BD75FF94FF5DA416364860B9.taxon	materials_examined	Holotype: BPI 445573 FIGURE 5 Phaeoisaria species	en	Shi, Lin, Yang, Hao, Hyde, Kevin D., Wijayawardene, Nalin N., Wang, Gen-Nuo, Yu, Xian- Dong, Zhang, Huang (2021): Freshwater Sordariomycetes: new species and new records in Pleurotheciaceae, Pleurotheciales. Phytotaxa 518 (2): 143-166, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.518.2.4, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.518.2.4
03E9A143BD75FF94FF5DA416364860B9.taxon	description	Description: Saprobic on submerged wood. Sexual morph: Undetermined. Asexual morph: Colonies on natural substrata effuse, superficial, scattered, dark brown to black. Mycelium partly immersed and partly superficial, composed of septate, branched hyaline hyphae. Conidiophores macronematous, mononematous, erect, unbranched, straight or slightly flexuous, thick-walled, smooth, cylindrical, dark brown at the base, paler and narrower towards the apex, 6 – 8 - septate, 31 – 85 × 4 – 6 μm (x = 56.9 × 4.7 μm, n = 15). Conidiogenous cells monoblastic, integrated, terminal, pale brown, smooth, cylindrical, 2.5 – 5 × 3 – 5.5 μm (x = 3.7 × 3.7 μm, n = 10), with percurrent extensions. Conidia acrogenous, solitary, dry, pyriform or obovoid, 26 – 33 × 18 – 21 μm (x = 30 × 20 μm, n = 15), muriform, often with multiple transverse and longitudinal or oblique septa, slightly constricted at septa, mature conidia dark brown to black, paler near the base; basal cell protruding, cylindrical, often with a marginal frill following secession.	en	Shi, Lin, Yang, Hao, Hyde, Kevin D., Wijayawardene, Nalin N., Wang, Gen-Nuo, Yu, Xian- Dong, Zhang, Huang (2021): Freshwater Sordariomycetes: new species and new records in Pleurotheciaceae, Pleurotheciales. Phytotaxa 518 (2): 143-166, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.518.2.4, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.518.2.4
03E9A143BD75FF94FF5DA416364860B9.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined: CHINA. Yunnan Province, Qiubei City, a small river in Puzhehei scenic area, on dead submerged decaying wood of an unidentified plant, 23 June 2018, Hao Yang, P 45 (IFRD 500 - 016), living culture KUMCC 20 - 0194. Notes: Xia et al. (2017) designated a reference specimen for this species and conducted phylogenetic analyses, which showed that Rhexoacrodictys was affiliated to Savoryellaceae (Savoryellales). However, it clustered in Pleurotheciaceae, Pleurotheciales when more species were added to phylogenetic analysis (Luo et al. 2019). In this study, we collected a specimen from submerged wood in a small river in Puzhehei, Yunnan Province, China, which matches well the type material of R. erecta in morphology. Our collection shares the identical LSU sequence with the reference specimen of R. erecta and ITS sequence of our strain KUMCC 20 - 0194 differs from HSAUPmyr 4622 by one nucleotide. In our phylogenetic tree, Rhexoacrodictys clustered in Pleurotheciaceae (Pleurotheciales) agreeing with Luo et al. (2019). Phaeoisaria species	en	Shi, Lin, Yang, Hao, Hyde, Kevin D., Wijayawardene, Nalin N., Wang, Gen-Nuo, Yu, Xian- Dong, Zhang, Huang (2021): Freshwater Sordariomycetes: new species and new records in Pleurotheciaceae, Pleurotheciales. Phytotaxa 518 (2): 143-166, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.518.2.4, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.518.2.4
03E9A143BD75FF94FF5DA682366D6439.taxon	type_taxon	Type species: Rhexoacrodictys erecta (Ellis & Everh.) W. A. Baker & Morgan-Jones, Mycotaxon 82: 99 (2002) Notes. Rhexoacrodictys was introduced to accommodate four species segregated from Acrodictys, i. e. R. erecta (assigned as type), R. fimicola, R. fuliginosa and R. queenslandica (Baker et al. 2002). However, R. queenslandica was transferred to Junewangia by Xia et al. (2017) according to phylogenetic analysis. The fifth species R. martinii was later transferred to Distoseptispora as D. martinii (Xia et al. 2017). Rhexoacrodictys broussonetiae was reported recently without molecular data (Xiao et al. 2018). To date, four species are included in Rhexoacrodictys (Index Fungorum 2021).	en	Shi, Lin, Yang, Hao, Hyde, Kevin D., Wijayawardene, Nalin N., Wang, Gen-Nuo, Yu, Xian- Dong, Zhang, Huang (2021): Freshwater Sordariomycetes: new species and new records in Pleurotheciaceae, Pleurotheciales. Phytotaxa 518 (2): 143-166, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.518.2.4, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.518.2.4
03E9A143BD74FF8BFF5DA156324D64CC.taxon	materials_examined	Holotype: CBS H- 23231, ex-type strain CBS 143235 FIGURE 6	en	Shi, Lin, Yang, Hao, Hyde, Kevin D., Wijayawardene, Nalin N., Wang, Gen-Nuo, Yu, Xian- Dong, Zhang, Huang (2021): Freshwater Sordariomycetes: new species and new records in Pleurotheciaceae, Pleurotheciales. Phytotaxa 518 (2): 143-166, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.518.2.4, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.518.2.4
03E9A143BD74FF8BFF5DA156324D64CC.taxon	description	Description: Saprobic on submerged wood. Sexual morph: Undetermined. Asexual morph: Colonies on natural substrata scattered, erect, rigid, brown to dark brown, composed of parallelly compact conidiophores. Conidiophores macronematous, synnematous, mid brown to dark brown, smooth, 197 – 456 μm long, 1 – 1.4 μm wide. Synnemata erect, rigid, smooth, velvety, dark brown, 10.5 – 15 μm (x = 12.6 μm, n = 10) wide, composed of parallelly compact conidiophores, conidiophores splaying out or divergent at the apical part. Conidiogenous cells polyblastic, terminal, integrated, later becoming intercalary, smooth, curved, cylindrical or subulate, sympodial extending, each with several denticulate conidiogenous loci, subhyaline to pale brown. Conidia cylindrical or ellipsoidal to obovoid, rounded at the apex, obtuse and tapering towards base, hyaline, aseptate, some with guttulae, smooth-walled, 4 – 6 × 2 – 3 μm (x = 5.2 × 2.4 μm, n = 10). Cultural characteristics: Conidia germinated on PDA within 24 hours. Colonies grow on PDA attaining 12 – 14 mm diameter in 13 days at 25 ° C in the condition of 12 h-dark and 12 h-light, floccose, circular, white at first, becoming pale brown when aged, with smooth mycelium on the surface, in reverse brown to dark brown, with undulate margin.	en	Shi, Lin, Yang, Hao, Hyde, Kevin D., Wijayawardene, Nalin N., Wang, Gen-Nuo, Yu, Xian- Dong, Zhang, Huang (2021): Freshwater Sordariomycetes: new species and new records in Pleurotheciaceae, Pleurotheciales. Phytotaxa 518 (2): 143-166, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.518.2.4, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.518.2.4
03E9A143BD74FF8BFF5DA156324D64CC.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined: THAILAND. Nakhon Phanom Province, a small river of That Phanom, on dead submerged decaying wood of unidentified plants, 12 December 2018, Hao Yang, t 13 (MFLU 19 - 0531), living culture MFLUCC 19 - 0325. Notes: Phylogenetic analyses showed that the new isolate clustered with Phaeoisaria annesophieae (strain CBS 143235) with strong bootstrap support (100 % / 1.00, MLBS / MBPP, Figure 1). Phaeoisaria annesophieae was origially introduced from soil in Netherlands by Crous et al. (2017), with only morphological characters from culture. Our collection was from submerged decaying wood and fits well with the characters of Phaeoisaria (Crous et al. 2017). The two strains share similar characters in having ellipsoidal to obovoid conidia, but our collection has smaller conidia (4 – 6 × 2 – 3 μm vs. 4.5 – 9 × 2 – 3.5 μm) (Crous et al. 2017). A detailed description of our collection on the substrate is provided. This is the first report of P. annesophieae from freshwater habitats and first record in Asia (Thailand).	en	Shi, Lin, Yang, Hao, Hyde, Kevin D., Wijayawardene, Nalin N., Wang, Gen-Nuo, Yu, Xian- Dong, Zhang, Huang (2021): Freshwater Sordariomycetes: new species and new records in Pleurotheciaceae, Pleurotheciales. Phytotaxa 518 (2): 143-166, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.518.2.4, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.518.2.4
