identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
03E9B86AA1642B6CFF2FF9C6FCB3FD6A.text	03E9B86AA1642B6CFF2FF9C6FCB3FD6A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Flavoparmelia gerlachei (Zahlbr.) Hale 1986	<div><p>Flavoparmelia gerlachei (Zahlbr.) Hale (1986: 604)</p> <p>Flavoparmelia gerlachei has been found by us to be very common and dominant on strongly exposed rocks in the steppe zone in the study area. The species has been confused with what is here described as Xanthoparmelia austrosorediata, but differs in its rotund and rather broad lobe apices which lack the strongly glossy surface and the dark-pigmented margin of X. austrosorediata, where lobe apices are more or less truncate (Figs. 2−4). These two species are also chemically distinct, with physodalic and malonprotocetraric acids in the former and protocetraric acid in X. austrosorediata, both in addition to usnic acid. All TLC spots of the suspected protocetraric acid of F. gerlachei were systematically in positions below protocetraric acid references, with R f values of 2 vs. 3 in solvent A and 4 vs. 5 in solvent C, respectively. These values correspond exactly with those of malonprotocetraric acid as described from a Parmotrema species by Keogh (1977) and Huneck &amp; Yoshimura (1996), and is determined here as this substance, although no reference has been available.</p> <p>The species was reported with one locality from Magallanes and one from Santa Cruz in addition to localities in Antarctica and Venezuela by Hale (1986). Hale (1986) cited its chemistry as protocetraric and usnic acids in his own collections from Venezeula, which makes us believe that these collections are either X. austrosorediatum or another species. The two cited samples from Chile and Argentina contain physodalic, protocetraric and usnic acid, a chemotype also reported later from Santa Cruz and Argentinian Tierra del Fuego by Calvelo &amp; Adler (1999). Hale (1986) also cited the species to contain physodalic and usnic acids, which obviously would refer to his cited Antarctic specimens. This agrees with Øvstedal &amp; Smith (2001), who studied numerous specimens from Antarctica and only reported on a chemotype with physodalic and usnic acids. The 11 collections studied by TLC here all have physodalic and malonprotocetraric acids in addition to usnic acid.</p> <p>FIGURE. Flavoparmelia gerlachei photographed at Morro Chico, Chile. FIGURE. Xanthoparmelia austrosorediata (left) and Flavoparmelia gerlachei (right) photographed at Morro Chico.</p> <p>Here, Flavoparmelia gerlachei is reported as fertile for the first time, and apothecia were found in the collections Elvebakk 13:081 and 14:030, collected c. 100 m apart on the southern side of Morro Chico (Fig. 4). The apothecia are scattered, substipitate, 1−2.5 mm across, and urn-shaped with concave chestnut-brown discs. The thalline excipuli are conspicuously broad, c. 0.5 mm as seen from above, and sorediate in all mature apothecia. The ascospores are short- ellipsoid with proper ascospores 6−8.5 × 12.5−14 µm, surrounded by perispores 6.5−9.5 × 13.5−15 µm. The perispore is 0.5−1 µm thick, smooth in immature spores, verruculose in at least some of mature spores. A single spore has an apical perispore extension. The spores are a bit shorter and the perispore thinner than generally cited for Flavoparmelia by Hale (1986;&gt;15 µm long and c. 2 µm thick, respectively).</p> <p>FIGURE. A fertile specimen of Flavoparmelia gerlachei (Elvebakk 13:081) photographed at Morro Chico.</p> <p>It is striking that the apothecia have only been found in a site where the species obviously has its optimum, at the lowermost part of the cool, vertical basalt cliff, obviously strongly manured by dust, and where the lichen vegetation is strongly similar to the one of an Antarctic bird-cliff (Fig. 5).</p> <p>FIGURE. The S-facing basalt cliff wall of Morro Chico, dominated by Haematomma erythromma, Ramalina terebrata and Usnea acromelaena.</p> <p>Specimens examined: ARGENTINA. PROVINCIA DE TIERRA DEL FUEGO; Sierra Alvear, the southern slope, c. 650 m, on exposed rocks in the alpine region, 9 Feb 1940, Santesson, R. 884 (S); CHILE. XII REGIÓN DE MAGALLANES: Sierra Baguales, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-72.414444&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-50.760834" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -72.414444/lat -50.760834)">1 km N of Estancia Las Tres Erres</a>, 50 ° 45’39”S, 72 ° 24’52”W, on soft sandstones in a steppe landscape, 5 Dec 1999, Elvebakk, A. 99:1156 (TROM); 14:020 (TROM); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-72.416664&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-50.8" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -72.416664/lat -50.8)">3–4 km S of Estancia Las Tres Erres</a>, 50 ° 48’S, 72 ° 25’W, 250 m, rocks in a steppe landscape, 5 Dec 1999, Elvebakk, A. 99:1162 (TROM); 1.3 km S of the junction between the roads towards Las Chimas and <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-72.38333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-50.883335" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -72.38333/lat -50.883335)">Las Cumbres</a>, 50 ° 53’S, 72 ° 23’W, 2−300 m, on an erratic boulder in a steppe landscape, 5 Dec 1999, Elvebakk, A. 99:1145 (TROM); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-73.174995&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-51.125" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -73.174995/lat -51.125)">Parque Nacional Torres del Paine</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-73.174995&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-51.125" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -73.174995/lat -51.125)">1.5 km N of Laguna Blanquillos</a>, on the most exposed parts of rock outcrops or exposed boulders, 1 Jan 2014, Elvebakk, A. 14:014 (TROM); 14:015 (TROM); 3−400 m SE of <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-72.8&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-51.033333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -72.8/lat -51.033333)">Laguna Los Flamencos</a>, 51 ° 02’S, 72 ° 48’W. on the top of exposed boulders, 2 Dec 1999, Elvebakk, A. 99:1013 (TROM); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-72.933334&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-51.041668" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -72.933334/lat -51.041668)">Lago</a> Nordenskjöld S, 1 km W of the <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-72.933334&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-51.041668" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -72.933334/lat -51.041668)">Miradór</a>, 51 ° 02’30”S, 72 ° 56’W, 70 m, on shaded rocks, 1 Dec 2000, Elvebakk, A. 00:860 (TROM); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-73.00714&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-51.065914" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -73.00714/lat -51.065914)">100 m N of Salto Grande</a>, 51 ° 03’57.3”S, 73 ° 00’25.7”W, 80 m, on a light-exposed rock, 3 Dec 1999, Elvebakk, A. 99:1022 (TROM); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-73.174995&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-51.125" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -73.174995/lat -51.125)">1 km W of Guardería Lago Grey</a>, 51 07’30”S, 73 10’30”W, 80 m, on light-exposed open rocks near the river, 4 Dec 1999, Elvebakk, A. 99:1098A (TROM); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-73.174995&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-51.125" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -73.174995/lat -51.125)">Morro Chico</a>, on strongly dust-manured, vertical cliff, 30 Dec 2013, Elvebakk, A. 13:074 (TROM); 13:076 (TROM); 13:081 (MAF; TROM); 28 Nov. 1999, Elvebakk, A. 99:819 (TROM).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E9B86AA1642B6CFF2FF9C6FCB3FD6A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Elvebakk, A.;Bjerke, J. W.;Støvern, L. E.	Elvebakk, A., Bjerke, J. W., Støvern, L. E. (2014): Parmelioid lichens (Parmeliaceae) in southernmost South America. Phytotaxa 173 (1): 1-30, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.173.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.173.1.1
03E9B86AA1612B6CFF2FFD1EFCD6FC6D.text	03E9B86AA1612B6CFF2FFD1EFCD6FC6D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Himantormia deusta	<div><p>Himantormia deusta (Hook.f.) A. Thell &amp; Søchting (in Thell et al. 2007: 537)</p> <p>This species was first described in the monotypic genus Nimisia (Kärnefelt &amp; Thell 1993) from a single locality in Argentinian Tierra del Fuego. Later Fryday (2005) added more localities, including the Falkland Islands and the Cape Horn area in Chilean Tierra del Fuego. When transferring the species to Himantormia, Thell et al. (2007) based their phylogeny on an additional collection from Chilean Magallanes.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E9B86AA1612B6CFF2FFD1EFCD6FC6D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Elvebakk, A.;Bjerke, J. W.;Støvern, L. E.	Elvebakk, A., Bjerke, J. W., Støvern, L. E. (2014): Parmelioid lichens (Parmeliaceae) in southernmost South America. Phytotaxa 173 (1): 1-30, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.173.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.173.1.1
03E9B86AA1612B6CFF2FFC12FCE2FA2E.text	03E9B86AA1612B6CFF2FFC12FCE2FA2E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Hypotrachyna brevirhiza (Kurok.) Hale 1975	<div><p>Hypotrachyna brevirhiza (Kurok.) Hale (1975: 26)</p> <p>This species was described with its type (S) from Mina Elena at Isla Riesco, Magallanes (Hale &amp; Kurokawa 1968). The species was described as common in southernmost South America, a conclusion confirmed by our studies. All studied specimens contain atranorin and salazinic acids (majors), and norstictic acid (minor).</p> <p>Specimens examined: ARGENTINA. PROVINCIA DE TIERRA DEL FUEGO: Río Irigoyen, Stenroos, S. 2715 (H; immixed with, and filed below Menegazzia magellanica). CHILE. XII REGIÓN DE MAGALLANES: Parque Nacional Torres del Paine, 2 km N of Salto Grande, 51 ° 04’S, 73 ° 01’W, 80 m, on S-facing rocks and on bases of Berberis microphylla, 7 Dec 2000, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-73.01667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-51.066666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -73.01667/lat -51.066666)">Elvebakk</a>, A. 00:921 (TROM); Lago Pehoe NW, 500 m SE of <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-73.11667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-51.075" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -73.11667/lat -51.075)">Refugio</a> y <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-73.11667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-51.075" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -73.11667/lat -51.075)">Camping Pehoe</a>, 51 ° 04’30”S, 73 ° 07’W, 80 m, on a log in a river gorge, 6 Jan 1998, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-73.11667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-51.075" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -73.11667/lat -51.075)">Elvebakk</a>, A. 98:060 (TROM); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-72.1&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-52.583332" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -72.1/lat -52.583332)">Lago Pehoe</a> E, at <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-73.01667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-51.116665" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -73.01667/lat -51.116665)">Camping Pehoe</a>, 51 ° 07’S, 73 ° 01’W, on Nothofagus antarctica, Mar 1998, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-73.01667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-51.116665" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -73.01667/lat -51.116665)">Elvebakk</a>, A. 98:343 &amp; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-72.1&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-52.583332" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -72.1/lat -52.583332)">Bjerke</a>, J. W. (TROM); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-72.1&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-52.583332" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -72.1/lat -52.583332)">Puerto</a> Natales, Cerro Dorotea, on sandstone rocks, 9 May 1940, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-72.1&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-52.583332" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -72.1/lat -52.583332)">Santesson</a>, R. 8246a (S), <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-72.1&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-52.583332" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -72.1/lat -52.583332)">Seno Skyring</a>, N part, 3 km W of Puerto Altamirano, 52 ° 35’S, 72 ° 06’W, 30 m, on a fallen log of Nothofagus antarctica, 30 Nov 1999, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-72.1&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-52.583332" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -72.1/lat -52.583332)">Elvebakk</a>, A. 99:979 (TROM); Península Brunswick, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-72.1&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-52.583332" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -72.1/lat -52.583332)">Punta Arenas</a> W, Río de las Minas, 100 m, on Nothofagus pumilio, 12 Mar 1992, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-72.1&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-52.583332" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -72.1/lat -52.583332)">Elvebakk</a>, A. 92:003; 21 Mar 1992, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-72.1&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-52.583332" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -72.1/lat -52.583332)">Elvebakk</a>, A. 92:082 (TROM).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E9B86AA1612B6CFF2FFC12FCE2FA2E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Elvebakk, A.;Bjerke, J. W.;Støvern, L. E.	Elvebakk, A., Bjerke, J. W., Støvern, L. E. (2014): Parmelioid lichens (Parmeliaceae) in southernmost South America. Phytotaxa 173 (1): 1-30, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.173.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.173.1.1
03E9B86AA1612B6CFF2FF9DDFA83F9B1.text	03E9B86AA1612B6CFF2FF9DDFA83F9B1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Hypotrachyna caraccensis (Taylor) Hale 1975	<div><p>H. caraccensis (Taylor) Hale (1975: 26)</p> <p>Listed from Argentinian Tierra del Fuego by Calvelo &amp; Liberatore (2002) without any locality or collection information.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E9B86AA1612B6CFF2FF9DDFA83F9B1	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Elvebakk, A.;Bjerke, J. W.;Støvern, L. E.	Elvebakk, A., Bjerke, J. W., Støvern, L. E. (2014): Parmelioid lichens (Parmeliaceae) in southernmost South America. Phytotaxa 173 (1): 1-30, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.173.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.173.1.1
03E9B86AA1612B6DFF2FF9A1FE5FFD20.text	03E9B86AA1612B6DFF2FF9A1FE5FFD20.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Hypotrachyna chilensis (Kurok.) Divakar, A. Crespo, Sipman, Elix & Lumbsch 2013	<div><p>H. chilensis (Kurok.) Divakar, A. Crespo, Sipman, Elix &amp; Lumbsch (2013: 31)</p> <p>Hypotrachyna chilensis has previously only been reported from a very restricted area near Coyaique and Puerto Aisén in the XI Region of Aisén in Chile, where it was stated to be locally common (Kurokawa 1999). It is reported here with one additional collection from the same area, but it has also been found to be common in the central parts of the region of Magallanes. Here, several collections are also from Chile in the mountain Cerro Dorotea near Puerto Natales and many from eastern and central areas in the National Park Torres del Paine, partly made by the first author, partly by R. Santesson. All collections were made on rocks, and they are situated in the driest, thermophilous part of the forests bordering the temperate Patagonian steppe, characterized by Mulinum spinosum or Junellia tridens, see map of bioclimatic units in Magallanes proposed by Elvebakk &amp; Moberg (2002). The westernmost records at Río Pingo and Lago Grey are from a north-facing slope, obviously with higher temperatures than elsewhere in the area.</p> <p>The material has been compared with corticolous Central Chilean material of H. sorocheila, and the distinguishing characters given by Kurokawa (1999); shorter lobes, shorter cilia and presence of rhizines; were found to be convincing. All specimens of H. chilensis studied by us contain atranorin and salazinic acid as majors, in addition to a few unknown substances recorded in minor or trace quantities.</p> <p>Specimens examined: CHILE. XI REGIÓN DE AYSÉN: Coyhaique, Coyhaique Bajo, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-73.03333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-51.058334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -73.03333/lat -51.058334)">Baquedano</a>, on a boulder in a field with scattered Nothofagus antarctica, 14 Jun 1940, Santesson, R. 8423 (S); XII REGIÓN DE MAGALLANES: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-73.03333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-51.058334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -73.03333/lat -51.058334)">Parque Nacional Torres del Paine</a>, 2 km NE of E end of <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-72.916664&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-51.05" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -72.916664/lat -51.05)">Lago Sarmiento Chico</a> , 51 ° 03’S, 72 ° 55’W, 250 m, on rocks, Nov 1995, Elvebakk, A. 95:454 (SGO); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-73.03333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-51.058334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -73.03333/lat -51.058334)">Laguna</a> Mellizas E, 51 ° 04’30”S, 72 ° 58’W, 100 m, on protected rock surface, 1 Dec 2000, Elvebakk, A. 00:883 (TROM); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-71.174995&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-51.125" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -71.174995/lat -51.125)">1.5 km NW of Guardería Lago Grey</a>, 51 ° 07’30”S, 71 ° 10’30”W, 80 m, on a steep south-facing cliff wall, 4 Dec 1999, Elvebakk, A. 99:1089 (TROM); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-73.03333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-51.058334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -73.03333/lat -51.058334)">Pudeto</a>, 300 m W of the northernmost inlet, 51 ° 04’S, 73 ° 01’W, 100 m, on a south facing rock surface in Mulinum spinosum shrubland, 11 Dec 1999, Elvebakk, A. 99:1304 (TROM); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-73.03333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-51.058334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -73.03333/lat -51.058334)">1.5 km N of Salto Grande</a>, 51 ° 03’30”S, 73 ° 02’W, 80 m, on rocks, 7 Dec 1995, Elvebakk, A. 95:511 (TROM); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-73.03333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-51.058334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -73.03333/lat -51.058334)">Lago del Toro</a> (L. Maravilla), <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-73.03333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-51.058334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -73.03333/lat -51.058334)">EstanciaRío Paine</a>, on exposed rocks above the river, 15 Mar 1941, Santesson, R. 6591 (S); 6592 (S); on exposed rocks, 14 Mar 1941, Santesson, R. 6498 (S); on stony ground in an open Nothofagus antarctica forest, 16 Mar 1941, Santesson, R. 6478 (S); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-73.03333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-51.058334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -73.03333/lat -51.058334)">Puerto</a> Natales, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-73.03333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-51.058334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -73.03333/lat -51.058334)">Cerro Dorotea</a>, on sandstone rocks, 9 May 1940, Santesson, R. 8244 (S).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E9B86AA1612B6DFF2FF9A1FE5FFD20	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Elvebakk, A.;Bjerke, J. W.;Støvern, L. E.	Elvebakk, A., Bjerke, J. W., Støvern, L. E. (2014): Parmelioid lichens (Parmeliaceae) in southernmost South America. Phytotaxa 173 (1): 1-30, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.173.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.173.1.1
03E9B86AA1602B6DFF2FFCD6FA01FBEC.text	03E9B86AA1602B6DFF2FFCD6FA01FBEC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Hypotrachyna densirhizinata (Kurok.) Hale 1975	<div><p>H. densirhizinata (Kurok.) Hale (1975: 31)</p> <p>One large colony was discovered on a north-facing rock wall in Torres del Paine National Park. The specimens contain atranorin, α-alectoronic acid and cf. α-collatolic acid. In the study area it has previously only been reported from Puerto Yartou in Chilean Tierra del Fuego (Hale &amp; Kurokawa 1968).</p> <p>Specimen examined: CHILE. XII REGIÓN DE MAGALLANES: Parque Nacional Torres del Paine, between Lago Grey and Lago Pehoe, 200 m S of ‘elevation 269’, 51 ° 06’S, 73 ° 09’W, 150 m, on a vertical, north-facing cliff wall, ass. with Parmotrema reticulata and Normandina pulchella, 11 Mar 1998, Elvebakk, A. 98:472 &amp; Bjerke, J.W. (TROM, SGO).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E9B86AA1602B6DFF2FFCD6FA01FBEC	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Elvebakk, A.;Bjerke, J. W.;Støvern, L. E.	Elvebakk, A., Bjerke, J. W., Støvern, L. E. (2014): Parmelioid lichens (Parmeliaceae) in southernmost South America. Phytotaxa 173 (1): 1-30, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.173.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.173.1.1
03E9B86AA1602B6DFF2FFB92FA07FB5C.text	03E9B86AA1602B6DFF2FFB92FA07FB5C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Hypotrachyna laevigata (Sm.) Hale 1975	<div><p>H. laevigata (Sm.) Hale (1975: 44)</p> <p>Listed as new to Argentina from i.a. Tierra del Fuego by Calvelo &amp; Liberatore (2002). However, it was reported from one locality in Argentinian Tierra del Fuego (Puesto Millaldeo) and another one from the Chilean side (‘Fjordo Finlandia’) by Räsänen (1932).</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E9B86AA1602B6DFF2FFB92FA07FB5C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Elvebakk, A.;Bjerke, J. W.;Støvern, L. E.	Elvebakk, A., Bjerke, J. W., Støvern, L. E. (2014): Parmelioid lichens (Parmeliaceae) in southernmost South America. Phytotaxa 173 (1): 1-30, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.173.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.173.1.1
03E9B86AA1602B6DFF2FFB02FB31FAE0.text	03E9B86AA1602B6DFF2FFB02FB31FAE0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Hypotrachyna oostingii (Dey) Hale 1975	<div><p>H. oostingii (Dey) Hale (1975: 51)</p> <p>Reported from Chilean Tierra del Fuego by Hale (1975), and mapped from this area by Adler &amp; Calvelo (2002).</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E9B86AA1602B6DFF2FFB02FB31FAE0	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Elvebakk, A.;Bjerke, J. W.;Støvern, L. E.	Elvebakk, A., Bjerke, J. W., Støvern, L. E. (2014): Parmelioid lichens (Parmeliaceae) in southernmost South America. Phytotaxa 173 (1): 1-30, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.173.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.173.1.1
03E9B86AA1602B6DFF2FFA96FED4FA50.text	03E9B86AA1602B6DFF2FFA96FED4FA50.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Hypotrachyna rockii (Zahlbr.) Hale 1975	<div><p>H. rockii (Zahlbr.) Hale (1975: 62)</p> <p>Reported from two localities in southernmost Chile by Hale (1975) and from several localities in Argentinian Tierra del Fuego by Calvelo &amp; Adler (2001).</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E9B86AA1602B6DFF2FFA96FED4FA50	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Elvebakk, A.;Bjerke, J. W.;Støvern, L. E.	Elvebakk, A., Bjerke, J. W., Støvern, L. E. (2014): Parmelioid lichens (Parmeliaceae) in southernmost South America. Phytotaxa 173 (1): 1-30, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.173.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.173.1.1
03E9B86AA1602B6DFF2FFA06FB40F9C0.text	03E9B86AA1602B6DFF2FFA06FB40F9C0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Hypotrachyna sinuosa (Sm.) Hale 1975	<div><p>H. sinuosa (Sm.) Hale (1975: 63)</p> <p>Hypotrachyna sinuosa is a very common species in the study area (Hale 1975, Calvelo &amp; Adler 2001, as H. sinuosa and H. flavovirens, and Bjerke &amp; Elvebakk 1999, as Flavoparmelia soredians), see further comments below ‘Rejected species’.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E9B86AA1602B6DFF2FFA06FB40F9C0	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Elvebakk, A.;Bjerke, J. W.;Støvern, L. E.	Elvebakk, A., Bjerke, J. W., Støvern, L. E. (2014): Parmelioid lichens (Parmeliaceae) in southernmost South America. Phytotaxa 173 (1): 1-30, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.173.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.173.1.1
03E9B86AA1602B6DFF2FF9B6FF7FF868.text	03E9B86AA1602B6DFF2FF9B6FF7FF868.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Hypotrachyna sorocheila (Vain.) Divakar, A. Crespo, Sipman, Elix & Lumbsch 2013	<div><p>H. sorocheila (Vain.) Divakar, A. Crespo, Sipman, Elix &amp; Lumbsch (2013: 32)</p> <p>One saxicolous collection from Torres del Paine is reported here as this species, which has been considered to be more northern prior to its report of being widespread in the extremely southern part of Argentina, such as Isla de los Estados (Calvelo &amp; Fryday 2006). These authors did not discuss this taxon vs. H. chilensis (see above), and there is an obvious need for more studies on this species pair. The species was also listed from Isla Navarino by Etayo &amp; Sancho (2008).</p> <p>Specimen examined: CHILE. XII REGIÓN DE MAGALLANES: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-73.174995&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-51.125" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -73.174995/lat -51.125)">Parque Nacional Torres del Paine</a>, 1 km W of Guardería Lago Grey, 51 ° 07’30”S, 73 ° 10’30”W, 80 m, on a south-facing rock wall, 4 Dec 1999, Elvebakk, A. 99:1075 (TROM).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E9B86AA1602B6DFF2FF9B6FF7FF868	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Elvebakk, A.;Bjerke, J. W.;Støvern, L. E.	Elvebakk, A., Bjerke, J. W., Støvern, L. E. (2014): Parmelioid lichens (Parmeliaceae) in southernmost South America. Phytotaxa 173 (1): 1-30, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.173.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.173.1.1
03E9B86AA1602B6DFF2FF81EFB65F7FC.text	03E9B86AA1602B6DFF2FF81EFB65F7FC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Hypotrachyna sublaevigata (Nyl.) Hale 1975	<div><p>H. sublaevigata (Nyl.) Hale (1975: 66)</p> <p>Reported from Chilean Tierra del Fuego by Hale (1975) and mapped from the same area by Adler &amp; Calvelo (2002).</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E9B86AA1602B6DFF2FF81EFB65F7FC	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Elvebakk, A.;Bjerke, J. W.;Støvern, L. E.	Elvebakk, A., Bjerke, J. W., Støvern, L. E. (2014): Parmelioid lichens (Parmeliaceae) in southernmost South America. Phytotaxa 173 (1): 1-30, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.173.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.173.1.1
03E9B86AA16F2B62FF2FFF4AFF7CFE64.text	03E9B86AA16F2B62FF2FFF4AFF7CFE64.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Hypotrachyna swinscowii (Hale) Krog & Swinscow 1987	<div><p>H. swinscowii (Hale) Krog &amp; Swinscow (1987: 420)</p> <p>Mapped from a couple of localities in Magallanes by Adler &amp; Calvelo (2002). The specimen reported below contains atranorin, salazinic and lobaric acids (analyzed and annotated on specimen by M.E. Hale Jr.).</p> <p>Specimen examined: CHILE. XII REGIÓN DE MAGALLANES: Parque Nacional Torres del Paine, Lago del Toro (L. Maravilla), EstanciaRío Paine, on stony ground in an open Nothofagus antarctica forest, 16 Mar 1941, Santesson, R. 6478 (S).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E9B86AA16F2B62FF2FFF4AFF7CFE64	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Elvebakk, A.;Bjerke, J. W.;Støvern, L. E.	Elvebakk, A., Bjerke, J. W., Støvern, L. E. (2014): Parmelioid lichens (Parmeliaceae) in southernmost South America. Phytotaxa 173 (1): 1-30, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.173.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.173.1.1
03E9B86AA16F2B62FF2FFE6BFC02FE08.text	03E9B86AA16F2B62FF2FFE6BFC02FE08.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Melanelixia subglabra (Rasanen) A. Crespo, Divakar & Elix (2010: 1750	<div><p>Melanelixia subglabra (Räsänen) A. Crespo, Divakar &amp; Elix (2010: 1750)</p> <p>Common in the area, according to Esslinger (1977), a conclusion agreed to here.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E9B86AA16F2B62FF2FFE6BFC02FE08	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Elvebakk, A.;Bjerke, J. W.;Støvern, L. E.	Elvebakk, A., Bjerke, J. W., Støvern, L. E. (2014): Parmelioid lichens (Parmeliaceae) in southernmost South America. Phytotaxa 173 (1): 1-30, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.173.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.173.1.1
03E9B86AA16F2B62FF2FFDFFFA9CFD78.text	03E9B86AA16F2B62FF2FFDFFFA9CFD78.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Melanohalea elegantula (Zahlbr.) O. Blanco 2004	<div><p>Melanohalea elegantula (Zahlbr.) O. Blanco et al. (2004a: 882)</p> <p>Melanohalea elegantula was mapped as saxicolous and common in the drier part of the study area by Esslinger (1977), where we have found it to be extremely common also on trunks and particularly on dead, strongly light-exposed twigs and lignum.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E9B86AA16F2B62FF2FFDFFFA9CFD78	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Elvebakk, A.;Bjerke, J. W.;Støvern, L. E.	Elvebakk, A., Bjerke, J. W., Støvern, L. E. (2014): Parmelioid lichens (Parmeliaceae) in southernmost South America. Phytotaxa 173 (1): 1-30, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.173.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.173.1.1
03E9B86AA16F2B62FF2FFD6EFC18FC97.text	03E9B86AA16F2B62FF2FFD6EFC18FC97.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Melanohalea inactiva (P. M. Jorg.) O. Blanco	<div><p>M. inactiva (P.M. Jørg.) O. Blanco,, A. Crespo, Divakar, Essl., D. Hawksw. &amp; Lumbsch (2004a: 882)</p> <p>Melanohalea inactiva was described by Jørgensen (Galloway &amp; Jørgensen 1990, as Melanelia) for what was previously interpreted as Melanelia olivaceoides (Krog.) Essl. in South America by Esslinger (1977, as Parmelia), who reported the species from 11 localities in southernmost Chile and Argentina. It was also reported (as M. olivaceoides and as new to Argentina) from Tierra del Fuego and Santa Cruz by Calvelo &amp; Liberatore (2002). It has not been collected by us.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E9B86AA16F2B62FF2FFD6EFC18FC97	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Elvebakk, A.;Bjerke, J. W.;Støvern, L. E.	Elvebakk, A., Bjerke, J. W., Støvern, L. E. (2014): Parmelioid lichens (Parmeliaceae) in southernmost South America. Phytotaxa 173 (1): 1-30, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.173.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.173.1.1
03E9B86AA16F2B62FF2FFC46FC9CFC24.text	03E9B86AA16F2B62FF2FFC46FC9CFC24.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Melanohalea ushuaiensis (Zahlbr.) O. Blanco, A. Crespo, Divakar, Essl., D. Hawksw. & Lumbsch et al. 2004	<div><p>M. ushuaiensis (Zahlbr.) O. Blanco, A. Crespo, Divakar, Essl., D. Hawksw. &amp; Lumbsch et al. (2004a: 883)</p> <p>Common in the area (Esslinger 1977), a conclusion supported here.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E9B86AA16F2B62FF2FFC46FC9CFC24	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Elvebakk, A.;Bjerke, J. W.;Støvern, L. E.	Elvebakk, A., Bjerke, J. W., Støvern, L. E. (2014): Parmelioid lichens (Parmeliaceae) in southernmost South America. Phytotaxa 173 (1): 1-30, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.173.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.173.1.1
03E9B86AA16F2B62FF2FFC2BFD55FBC8.text	03E9B86AA16F2B62FF2FFC2BFD55FBC8.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Notoparmelia cunninghamii (Cromb.) A. Crespo, Ferencova & Divakar	<div><p>Notoparmelia cunninghamii (Cromb.) A. Crespo, Ferencova &amp; Divakar (in Ferencova et al. 2014: 63)</p> <p>Common in the area, see distribution map in Stenroos (1991).</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E9B86AA16F2B62FF2FFC2BFD55FBC8	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Elvebakk, A.;Bjerke, J. W.;Støvern, L. E.	Elvebakk, A., Bjerke, J. W., Støvern, L. E. (2014): Parmelioid lichens (Parmeliaceae) in southernmost South America. Phytotaxa 173 (1): 1-30, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.173.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.173.1.1
03E9B86AA16F2B62FF2FFBBEFD55FB5C.text	03E9B86AA16F2B62FF2FFBBEFD55FB5C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Notoparmelia protosulcata (Hale) A. Crespo, Ferencova & Divakar	<div><p>N. protosulcata (Hale) A. Crespo, Ferencova &amp; Divakar (in Ferencova et al. 2014: 63)</p> <p>Common in the area, see distribution map in Stenroos (1991).</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E9B86AA16F2B62FF2FFBBEFD55FB5C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Elvebakk, A.;Bjerke, J. W.;Støvern, L. E.	Elvebakk, A., Bjerke, J. W., Støvern, L. E. (2014): Parmelioid lichens (Parmeliaceae) in southernmost South America. Phytotaxa 173 (1): 1-30, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.173.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.173.1.1
03E9B86AA16F2B62FF2FFB03FA84F9C0.text	03E9B86AA16F2B62FF2FFB03FA84F9C0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Omphalodium pisacomense Meyen & Flot. 1843	<div><p>Omphalodium pisacomense Meyen &amp; Flot. (1843: 223)</p> <p>Reported from Santa Cruz by Calvelo &amp; Liberatore (2002). Redón (1985) reported it from basaltic volcanoes in the eastern Patagonian steppes, in a study dealing with a trans-continental Fuego-Patagonian gradient. However, he did not indicate any localities for the lichens he reported, not even which country it was collected from. However, Etayo &amp; Sancho (2008) reported it from the Chilean National Park Pali-Aike, and we can confirm that it is common on volcanic rocks there and on the basaltic volcano caldera of Morro Chico, also in Chile.</p> <p>Specimens examined: CHILE. XII REGIÓN DE MAGALLANES: Parque Nacional Pali-Aike, near Cueva de Pali- <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-69.78333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-52.083332" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -69.78333/lat -52.083332)">Aike</a>, 52 ° 05’S, 69 ° 47’W, 200 m, on volcanic rocks in a steppe landscape, Elvebakk, A. 00:757 (TROM); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-71.42361&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-52.056667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -71.42361/lat -52.056667)">Morro Chico</a>, 52 ° 03’24”S, 71 ° 25’25”W, 150 m, on basaltic rocks, 30 Dec 2014, Elvebakk, A. 13:085 (MAF; TROM).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E9B86AA16F2B62FF2FFB03FA84F9C0	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Elvebakk, A.;Bjerke, J. W.;Støvern, L. E.	Elvebakk, A., Bjerke, J. W., Støvern, L. E. (2014): Parmelioid lichens (Parmeliaceae) in southernmost South America. Phytotaxa 173 (1): 1-30, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.173.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.173.1.1
03E9B86AA16F2B63FF2FF9B7FD93FED0.text	03E9B86AA16F2B63FF2FF9B7FD93FED0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pannoparmelia angustata (Pers.) Zahlbr. 1930	<div><p>Pannoparmelia angustata (Pers.) Zahlbr. (1930: 195)</p> <p>Pannoparmelia angustata belongs to an austral genus of five species with a spongy hypothallus, and the present species is yellowish from usnic acid. A few collections have been reported from the study area by Redón &amp; Quilhot (1977) and Calvelo &amp; Adler (1992), and the latter authors reduced P. anzioides Darb. (type material from the Ushuaia area) to synonomy with P. angustata. It was also reported from Isla Navarino by Etayo &amp; Sancho (2008). According to our own observations it is much more common than indicated by the rather few reports and collections referred to here. In humid areas of Magallanes its most typical habitat is on light-exposed, smooth bark, such as trunks of Nothofagus betuloides in forest margins along bogs.</p> <p>Selected specimens examined: ARGENTINA. TIERRA DEL FUEGO:. km <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-68.36667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-54.816666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -68.36667/lat -54.816666)">W of Ushuaia</a>, semishaded Nothofagus forest, 54 ° 49’S, 68 ° 22’ W, Imshaug, H. 55160 &amp; Ohlsson (S); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-68.36667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-54.816666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -68.36667/lat -54.816666)">Ushuaia</a>, 8 May 1896, Dusén, P. (S); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-68.36667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-54.816666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -68.36667/lat -54.816666)">Fiordo de Agostini</a>, 22 Feb 1929, Räsänen, V. (S).</p> <p>CHILE. XII REGIÓN DE MAGALLANES: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-73.26667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-51.083332" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -73.26667/lat -51.083332)">Parque Nacional Torres del Paine</a>, 1 km W of the base of the E slope of <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-73.13333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-51.25" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -73.13333/lat -51.25)">Cerro Donoso</a>, 51 ° 15’S, 73 ° 08’W, 70 m, on Nothofagus betuloides in a forest margin, Nov 1995, A. Elvebakk 95:257 (TROM); near <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-73.26667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-51.083332" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -73.26667/lat -51.083332)">Refugio Zapata</a>, 51 ° 05’S, 73 ° 16’W, 200 m, on Nothofagus betuloides, 28 Feb 1998, Elvebakk, A. 98:258 (TROM); Bjerke, J. W. 253/98 (UV).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E9B86AA16F2B63FF2FF9B7FD93FED0	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Elvebakk, A.;Bjerke, J. W.;Støvern, L. E.	Elvebakk, A., Bjerke, J. W., Støvern, L. E. (2014): Parmelioid lichens (Parmeliaceae) in southernmost South America. Phytotaxa 173 (1): 1-30, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.173.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.173.1.1
03E9B86AA16E2B63FF2FFE87FC97FB38.text	03E9B86AA16E2B63FF2FFE87FC97FB38.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Parmelia araucana Adler & Calvelo 1999	<div><p>Parmelia araucana Adler &amp; Calvelo (in Calvelo &amp; Adler 1999: 146)</p> <p>Parnelia araucana was described by Calvelo &amp; Adler (1999), and it has only been known from the type locality in Parque Nacional Lanín in the Neuquén province in central Argentina, until it was added from another locality in the neighbouring province of Río Negro (Adler &amp; Calvelo 2007). Stenroos (1991) described and illustrated a Parmelia with marginal isidia from Argentinian Tierra del Fuego, based on two collections housed in H. She concluded that it might represent an undescribed species, but that more material was needed. We believe these specimens represent P. araucana, although Adler &amp; Calvelo (1993) already interpreted them within the variability of P. saxatilis. Parmelia araucana is reported here from four localities in Magallanes, in addition to two localities further to the north in Chile, both in deciduous and evergreen Nothofagus forests. The species has obviously been overlooked in southernmost South America. Parmelia araucana has not been included in any of the recent morphological and phylogenetic studies on Parmelia. From a biogeographical point of view it could be expected to belong in the new genus Notoparmelia, a mainly Southern Hemisphere genus deviating from Parmelia s. str. principally based on phylogeny and apothecium anatomy (Ferencova et al. 2014). However, all our samples are sterile and a phylogenetic analysis is necessary to decide on its affiliation.</p> <p>Specimens studied: CHILE. IX REGIÓN DE LA ARAUCANÍA: Reserva Nacional Malalcahuello, just outside of its SE boundary, 1.2 km NE of the confluence of the rivers Río Colorado and <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-71.517586&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-38.443" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -71.517586/lat -38.443)">Río Cautín</a>, along <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-71.517586&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-38.443" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -71.517586/lat -38.443)">Río Cautín.</a> 38 ° 26’34.8”S, 71 ° 31’03.3”W, 1180 m, on trunk of Nothofagus antarctica, 15 Dec 2009, Elvebakk, A. 09:173 (TROM); X REGIÓN DE LOS LAGOS: Lago Llanquihue, E side, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-72.53333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-41.2" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -72.53333/lat -41.2)">0.5 km N of Ensenada</a>, at <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-72.53333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-41.2" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -72.53333/lat -41.2)">Miradór</a>. 41 ° 12’S, 72 ° 32’W, on Eucryphia cordifolia, 100 m, 19 Nov 2000, Elvebakk, A. 00:556 (TROM); XII REGIÓN DE MAGALLANES: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-73.166664&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-51.075" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -73.166664/lat -51.075)">Parque Nacional Torres del Paine</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-73.166664&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-51.075" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -73.166664/lat -51.075)">Lago Grey</a>, 1.5 km S of Laguna Roca, 80 m, 51 ° 04’30”S, 73 ° 10’W, on cortex in an old-growth Nothofagus pumilio forest, 9 Mar 1998, Elvebakk, A. 98:427 (SGO); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-73.26667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-51.083332" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -73.26667/lat -51.083332)">0.5 km SW of Refugio Zapata</a>, 51 ° 05’S, 73 ° 16’W, 150 m, on rocks in a moist gorge, 28 Feb 1998, Elvebakk, A. 98:251 &amp; Bjerke, J. W. (TROM); Valle Francés, 1996, Henríquez, J. M. (HIP); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-72.53333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-51.616665" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -72.53333/lat -51.616665)">Puerto Natales area</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-72.53333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-51.616665" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -72.53333/lat -51.616665)">Silla del Diablo</a>, 1–2 km S of Cueva del Milodón, 51 ° 37’S, 72 ° 32’W, 150 m, on an old horizontal trunk of Nothofagus pumilio, Elvebakk, A. 95:31 (TROM).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E9B86AA16E2B63FF2FFE87FC97FB38	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Elvebakk, A.;Bjerke, J. W.;Støvern, L. E.	Elvebakk, A., Bjerke, J. W., Støvern, L. E. (2014): Parmelioid lichens (Parmeliaceae) in southernmost South America. Phytotaxa 173 (1): 1-30, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.173.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.173.1.1
03E9B86AA16E2B63FF2FFB2EFD76FACC.text	03E9B86AA16E2B63FF2FFB2EFD76FACC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Parmelia kerguelensis F. Wilson 1900	<div><p>P. kerguelensis F. Wilson (1900: 87)</p> <p>Reported from the Falkland Islands by Calvelo &amp; Fryday (2006).</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E9B86AA16E2B63FF2FFB2EFD76FACC	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Elvebakk, A.;Bjerke, J. W.;Støvern, L. E.	Elvebakk, A., Bjerke, J. W., Støvern, L. E. (2014): Parmelioid lichens (Parmeliaceae) in southernmost South America. Phytotaxa 173 (1): 1-30, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.173.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.173.1.1
03E9B86AA16E2B63FF2FFAB2FD6EFA50.text	03E9B86AA16E2B63FF2FFAB2FD6EFA50.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Parmelia lindsayana Ovstedal & Elix	<div><p>P. lindsayana Øvstedal &amp; Elix (in Øvstedal et al. 1996: 151)</p> <p>Described from South Orkney Island and the Falkland Islands.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E9B86AA16E2B63FF2FFAB2FD6EFA50	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Elvebakk, A.;Bjerke, J. W.;Støvern, L. E.	Elvebakk, A., Bjerke, J. W., Støvern, L. E. (2014): Parmelioid lichens (Parmeliaceae) in southernmost South America. Phytotaxa 173 (1): 1-30, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.173.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.173.1.1
03E9B86AA16E2B63FF2FFA06FD55F9E4.text	03E9B86AA16E2B63FF2FFA06FD55F9E4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Parmelia saxatilis	<div><p>P. saxatilis (L.) Ach. (1803: 204)</p> <p>Common in the area, see distribution map in Stenroos (1991).</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E9B86AA16E2B63FF2FFA06FD55F9E4	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Elvebakk, A.;Bjerke, J. W.;Støvern, L. E.	Elvebakk, A., Bjerke, J. W., Støvern, L. E. (2014): Parmelioid lichens (Parmeliaceae) in southernmost South America. Phytotaxa 173 (1): 1-30, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.173.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.173.1.1
03E9B86AA16E2B63FF2FF9EAFD55F988.text	03E9B86AA16E2B63FF2FF9EAFD55F988.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Parmelia sulcata Taylor	<div><p>P. sulcata Taylor (in Mackay 1836: 145)</p> <p>Common in the area, see distribution map in Stenroos (1991).</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E9B86AA16E2B63FF2FF9EAFD55F988	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Elvebakk, A.;Bjerke, J. W.;Støvern, L. E.	Elvebakk, A., Bjerke, J. W., Støvern, L. E. (2014): Parmelioid lichens (Parmeliaceae) in southernmost South America. Phytotaxa 173 (1): 1-30, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.173.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.173.1.1
03E9B86AA16E2B60FF2FF97FFDEFFD78.text	03E9B86AA16E2B60FF2FF97FFDEFFD78.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Parmeliopsis hyperopta (Ach.) Arnold 1881	<div><p>Parmeliopsis hyperopta (Ach.) Arnold (1881: 117)</p> <p>Calvelo &amp; Adler (2001) reported the species from several localities in Argentinian Tierra del Fuego and stated that no localities of this species had been reported from South America before. However, as shown under the comment on Imshaugia aleurites among the rejected species (see below), Parmeliopsis hyperopta was first reported from Argentina by Räsänen (1932) under the incorrect name Parmelia pallescens. Galloway &amp; Quilhot (1998) listed Parmeliopsis hyperopta from Chile, however, the cited sources do not indicate localities in Chile. We now list its first confirmed localities in this country, in addition to another four localities in Argentina. Most collections are from Nothofagus forests, but three of the collections (Santesson 7549, Elvebakk 99:1124, 14:034) are on eroded lignum. The lignicolous habitat resembles acidic epiphytic occurrences in the Northern Hemisphere.</p> <p>Specimens examined: ARGENTINA. TIERRA DEL FUEGO: Ushuaia, Rio Pipo (Rio Alej), on Nothofagus antarctica in a swamp in a Nothofagus pumilio forest, 23 Jan 1940, Santesson, R. 430 (S); Ushuaia. In truncis frutesc., 5 May 1896, Dusén, P. 246 (S); Valle Lasifashaj (Larsiparchie), Las Cotorras (about 20 km ENE of Ushuaia), c. 650 m, on Nothofagus pumilio in a Nothofagus pumilio forest, on lignum, 10 Nov 1940, Santesson, R. 877 (S); Canal Beagle, Lapataia, east of Río Roca, on a decaying Nothofagus pumilio trunk. Santesson, R. (S); Fuegia Media, Estancia Carmen, Puesto Millaldeo, 16 Jan 1929, Roviainen, H. (S); CHILE. XII REGIÓN DE MAGALLANES: Rio Rubens, near Hotel Río Rubens, on Nothofagus antarctica in a Nothofagus antarctica forest, 19 Jan 1941, Santesson, R. 5580a, b. (S); 5581 (S); Morro Chico, on the NE side of the gorge across the volcano, 52 ° 03.47’S, 71 ° 25.03’W, 233 m, on an old and eroded trunk of Nothofagus antarctica lying on the ground between Festuca gracillima tussocks, 3 Jan 2014, Elvebakk, A. 14:034 (MAF, TROM); Punta Arenas, 16 Dec 1895, Dusén, P. 56 (S); Tres Puentes, on the ground in a Nothofagus betuloides forest, 24 Apr 1940, Santesson, R. 1876 (S); Cerros Mina Rica, 450─ 500 m, on Nothofagus pumilio in a Nothofagus pumilio forest, 24 Dec 1940, Santesson, R. 5261 (S); Parque Nacional Torres del Paine, Chorillo de Salmones, 100 m, on a fallen, very old decorticated log of Nothofagus pumilio, 73 ° 12’ W, 51 ° 06’30” S, 4 Dec 1999, Elvebakk, A. 99:1124 (TROM).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E9B86AA16E2B60FF2FF97FFDEFFD78	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Elvebakk, A.;Bjerke, J. W.;Støvern, L. E.	Elvebakk, A., Bjerke, J. W., Støvern, L. E. (2014): Parmelioid lichens (Parmeliaceae) in southernmost South America. Phytotaxa 173 (1): 1-30, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.173.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.173.1.1
03E9B86AA16D2B60FF2FFD6EFE88FCE8.text	03E9B86AA16D2B60FF2FFD6EFE88FCE8.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Parmotrema perforatum (Wulfen) A. Massal. 1860	<div><p>Parmotrema perforatum (Wulfen) A. Massal. (1860: 248)</p> <p>A mostly North American species listed from Tierra del Fuego and three other provinces as new to Argentina by Calvelo &amp; Liberatore (2002).</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E9B86AA16D2B60FF2FFD6EFE88FCE8	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Elvebakk, A.;Bjerke, J. W.;Støvern, L. E.	Elvebakk, A., Bjerke, J. W., Støvern, L. E. (2014): Parmelioid lichens (Parmeliaceae) in southernmost South America. Phytotaxa 173 (1): 1-30, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.173.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.173.1.1
03E9B86AA16D2B60FF2FFC9EFEA5FAE0.text	03E9B86AA16D2B60FF2FFC9EFEA5FAE0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Parmotrema reticulatum (Taylor) Choisy 1952	<div><p>P. reticulatum (Taylor) Choisy (1952: 175)</p> <p>Reported from Argentinian Tierra del Fuego and Falkland Islands / Islas Malvinas by Calvelo &amp; Liberatore (2002). The species is common in central parts of Torres del Paine National Park, more often on rocks than tree trunks.</p> <p>Specimens examined: CHILE. XII REGIÓN DE MAGALLANES: Parque Nacional Torres del Paine, 300 m E of Camping Pehoe, 51 ° 07’S, 73 ° 00’W, 80 m, on Nothofagus sp., 12 Mar 1998, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-73.0&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-51.116665" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -73.0/lat -51.116665)">Bjerke</a>, J. W. 159/98 (TROM); 0.5 km NW of Guardería Laguna Amarga. 50 ° 59’S, 72 ° 47’W, 80 m, on cortex of Nothofagus antarctica in a SW facing slope near the river, 27 Nov 1996, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-72.78333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-50.983334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -72.78333/lat -50.983334)">Elvebakk</a>, A. 96:521 (TROM); 500 m N of the western lake of Lagunas Mellizas, 51 ° 03’30”S, 72 ° 59’W, 100 m, very large specimens on rock surfaces in an open forest in a S-facing slope, 3 Dec 2000, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-72.98333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-51.058334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -72.98333/lat -51.058334)">Elvebakk</a>, A. 00:900 (TROM); 00:904 (TROM); Pudeto, 300 m W of the northernmost inlet, 51 ° 04’S, 73 ° 01’W, 100 m, on a S-facing rock surface in Mulinum spinosum shrubland, 11 Dec 1999, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-73.01667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-51.066666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -73.01667/lat -51.066666)">Elvebakk</a>, A. 99:1303 (TROM); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-73.01667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-51.116665" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -73.01667/lat -51.116665)">Camping Pehoe</a>, E side of <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-73.01667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-51.116665" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -73.01667/lat -51.116665)">Lago Pehoe</a>, 51 ° 07’S, 73 ° 01’W, 70 m, on trunks of Nothofagus antarctica, 10 Mar 1998, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-73.01667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-51.116665" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -73.01667/lat -51.116665)">Elvebakk</a>, A. 98:459 &amp; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-73.01667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-51.116665" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -73.01667/lat -51.116665)">Bjerke</a>, J. W. (TROM).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E9B86AA16D2B60FF2FFC9EFEA5FAE0	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Elvebakk, A.;Bjerke, J. W.;Støvern, L. E.	Elvebakk, A., Bjerke, J. W., Støvern, L. E. (2014): Parmelioid lichens (Parmeliaceae) in southernmost South America. Phytotaxa 173 (1): 1-30, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.173.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.173.1.1
03E9B86AA16D2B61FF2FFA97FBBFFEBC.text	03E9B86AA16D2B61FF2FFA97FBBFFEBC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Punctelia stictica (Delise ex Duby) Krog 1982	<div><p>Punctelia stictica (Delise ex Duby) Krog (1982: 291)</p> <p>Punctelia stictica was first reported from Argentina and Chilean Tierra del Fuego by Stenroos (1991). The species has an essentially amphi-tropical distribution pattern (Stenroos 1991), and is primarily a temperate species, but extends to the boreal zone in Europe (map by Krog 1970) and the anti-boreal zone in Tierra del Fuego. Stenroos (1991) listed three localities from the Ushuaia area. It is reported here with 18 new collections, concentrated to the Patagonian steppe areas, where the species is very common. In addition to atranorin and gyrophoric acid, all our samples contain an unidentified substance.</p> <p>Specimens examined: CHILE.XII REGIÓN DE MAGALLANES: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-71.46667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-52.05" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -71.46667/lat -52.05)">Parque Nacional Torres del Paine</a>, Lago Nordenskjöld S, 1 km W of <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-72.933334&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-51.041668" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -72.933334/lat -51.041668)">Mirador Lago Nordenskjöld</a>, 51 ° 02’30”S, 72 ° 56’W, 70 m, on pebbles, 1 Dec 2000, Elvebakk, A. 00:869 (TROM); 00:861 (TROM); 1.5 km N of <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-73.03333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-51.058334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -73.03333/lat -51.058334)">Salto Grande</a>, 51 ° 03’30”S, 73 ° 02’W., 80 m, on rocks, richly fertile, 7 Dec 1995, Elvebakk, A. 95:512 (TROM); 0.5–1 km N of <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-73.03333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-51.066666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -73.03333/lat -51.066666)">Salto Grande</a>, 51 ° 04’S, 73 ° 02’W, 100 m, on rocks, Nov 1995, Elvebakk, A. 95:463 (TROM); 3 km SW of <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-72.833336&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-51.0" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -72.833336/lat -51.0)">Guardería Laguna Amarga</a>, 51 ° 00’S, 72 ° 50’W, 2050 m, on rocks, 15 Mar 1992, Elvebakk, A. 92:053 (TROM); 2 km NW of <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-72.816666&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-50.99167" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -72.816666/lat -50.99167)">Guardería Laguna Amarga</a>, 50 ° 59’30”S, 72 ° 49’W, 150 m, on sun-exposed rocks, Nov 1995, Elvebakk, A. 95:457 (TROM); 1.5 km SW of <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-72.8&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-50.99167" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -72.8/lat -50.99167)">Guardería Laguna Amarga</a>, 50 ° 59’30”S, 72 ° 48’W, 100 m, on an exposed rock outcrop, 5 Jan 1996, Elvebakk, A. 96:073 (SGO); 1.5 km N of E end of <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-72.933334&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-51.05" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -72.933334/lat -51.05)">Lago Sarmiento Chico</a> , 51 ° 03’S, 72 ° 56’W, 150–200 m, on rocks, 2 Nov 1995, Elvebakk, A. 95:440 (TROM); Pudeto, 400 m E of the easternmost lake of <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-72.96667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-51.058334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -72.96667/lat -51.058334)">Lagunas Mellizas</a> , 51 ° 03’30”S, 72 ° 58’W, 80 m, on a slightly exposed rock near a very exposed outcrop 50 m N of the road, locally common, 3 Dec 1999, Elvebakk, A. 99:1033 (TROM); 1.5 km SE of Laguna de los <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-72.85&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-51.05" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -72.85/lat -51.05)">Cisnes</a>, 51 ° 03’S, 72 ° 51’W, 2–300 m, on gravel on exposed very dry ridge, ass. with Physcia dubia, 3 Dec 1999, Elvebakk, A. 99:1051 (TROM); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-71.46667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-52.05" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -71.46667/lat -52.05)">Lago del Toro</a> (L. Maravilla), La Península, on the ground on a forestless, rocky slope, 10 Mar 1941, Santesson, R. 6336 (S); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-71.46667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-52.05" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -71.46667/lat -52.05)">Lago del Toro</a> (L. Maravilla), Estancia <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-71.46667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-52.05" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -71.46667/lat -52.05)">Río Paine</a>, on exposed rocks above the river, 15 Mar 1941, Santesson, R. 6541 (S); Seno Otway, 2 km NE of <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-71.2&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-52.783333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -71.2/lat -52.783333)">Punta Espólon</a>, 52 ° 47’S, 71 ° 12’W, 5 m, on an erratic, andesite rock, 30 Nov 1999, Elvebakk, A. 99:906 (TROM); Seno Skyring, Estancia <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-71.46667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-52.05" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -71.46667/lat -52.05)">María</a>, on a block of stone in a grass heath, 28 Apr 1940, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-71.46667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-52.05" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -71.46667/lat -52.05)">Santesson</a>, R. 7050 (S); 7051 (S); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-71.46667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-52.05" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -71.46667/lat -52.05)">Morro Chico</a>, 52 ° 03’S, 71 ° 28’W, 200 m, on rocks in a NW-facing, protected slope, 28 Nov 1999, Elvebakk, A. 99:851 (TROM).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E9B86AA16D2B61FF2FFA97FBBFFEBC	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Elvebakk, A.;Bjerke, J. W.;Støvern, L. E.	Elvebakk, A., Bjerke, J. W., Støvern, L. E. (2014): Parmelioid lichens (Parmeliaceae) in southernmost South America. Phytotaxa 173 (1): 1-30, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.173.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.173.1.1
03E9B86AA16C2B67FF2FFEA3FAAEFE02.text	03E9B86AA16C2B67FF2FFEA3FAAEFE02.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Xanthoparmelia austrosorediata Elvebakk 2014	<div><p>Xanthoparmelia austrosorediata Elvebakk, spec. nov.</p> <p>Xanthoparmeliae tehuelcorum similis, sed capitatis soraliis, rarissime apotheciis minutis, plerumque marginibus sorediatis instructa.</p> <p>MycoBank # 808978</p> <p>(Figs. 3, 6−7)</p> <p>Type:— CHILE: XII Región de Magallanes y de la Antártica Chilena: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-71.46667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-52.05" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -71.46667/lat -52.05)">Provincia</a> Magallanes, Morro Chico, SW part, 52 ° 03’S, 71 ° 28’W, 200 m, on exposed basaltic rocks in a W-facing boulder slope, 28 Nov 1999, Elvebakk, A. 99:780 (holotype SGO, isotypes BM, NY, S, TROM).</p> <p>Morphologically, anatomically and chemically identical to X. tehuelchorum except in the following characters:</p> <p>Soralia common, capitate, 2−8 mm diam., composed of single soredia 0.1−0.2 mm diam, fluffy and partly conglutinated.</p> <p>Apothecia very rare, 0.5−1 mm diam, thalline excipulum margin often sorediate, ascospores short-ellipsoid and 5−7 × 8−12 µm diam.</p> <p>Etymology: Named after its conspicuous soralia and its distinctly southern distribution.</p> <p>Additional specimens examined: ARGENTINA. PROVINCIA DE TIERRA DEL FUEGO: Ushuaia, on a small island in the Beagle Channel off the town, on rocks near the sea-shore, 30 Jan 1940, Santesson, R. 534 (S); PROVINCIA DE SANTA CRUZ: Puerto Deseado, on exposed rocks near the sea-shore, 12 Jan 1940, Santesson, R. 238 (S).</p> <p>FIGURE. Xanthoparmelia austropatagonica (Elvebakk 13:083) to the right together with X. tehuelchorum (Elvebakk 13:082), photographed at Morro Chico.</p> <p>CHILE. XII REGIÓN DE MAGALLANES: Sierra Baguales, 1.3 km S of the junction between the roads towards Las Chinas and <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-72.384995&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-50.877777" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -72.384995/lat -50.877777)">Las Cumbres</a>, 50 ° 52’40”S, 72 ° 23’06”W, 2−300 m, on the vertical surface of an erratic boulder, 5 Dec 1999, Elvebakk, A. 99:1137 (TROM); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-69.73333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-52.066666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -69.73333/lat -52.066666)">Parque Nacional Torres del Paine</a>, 200 m S of <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-69.73333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-52.066666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -69.73333/lat -52.066666)">Salto Grande</a>, W of the Pudeto inlet, 51 ° 03’30”S, 73 ° 01’W, 70 m, on exposed rocks, 5 Dec 2000, Elvebakk, A. 00:922 (TROM); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-69.73333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-52.066666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -69.73333/lat -52.066666)">Refugio</a> Pudeto, E side of the northernmost bay, 51 ° 04’S, 73 ° 01’W, 70 m, on rocks, 11 Dec 1999, Elvebakk, A. 99:1274 (TROM); 4 km ENE of <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-69.73333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-52.066666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -69.73333/lat -52.066666)">Salto Grande</a>, 4−500 m W of ‘altitude 222’, 51 ° 03’30”S, 72 ° 57’W, 100 m, on rocks, 11 Dec 1999, Elvebakk, A. 99:993 B (TROM); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-73.00714&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-51.065914" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -73.00714/lat -51.065914)">100 m N of Salto Grande</a>, 51 ° 03’57.3”S, 73 ° 00’25.7”W, 80 m, on a light-exposed rock, 3 Dec 1999, Elvebakk, A. 99:1023 (LE); 1.5 km N of N end of <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-72.933334&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-51.05" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -72.933334/lat -51.05)">Lago</a> Sarmiento Chico, 51 ° 03’S, 72 ° 56’W, 150 m, on rocks, Nov 1995, Elvebakk, A. 95:424 (LE); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-69.73333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-52.066666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -69.73333/lat -52.066666)">Lago Grey</a> S, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-73.174995&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-51.125" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -73.174995/lat -51.125)">1 km N of Guardería Lago Grey</a>, 51 ° 07’30”S, 73 ° 10’30”W, 70 m, on a vertical, N-facing cliff wall, 8 Dec 2000, Elvebakk, A. 00:946 (TROM); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-73.11667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-51.075" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -73.11667/lat -51.075)">Lago Pehoe</a> NW, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-73.11667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-51.075" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -73.11667/lat -51.075)">3−500 m SE of Refugio Pehoe</a>, 51 ° 04’30”S, 73 ° 07’W, 70 m, on rocks on an exposed ridge, 11 Dec 1999, Elvebakk, A. 99:1239 (TROM); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-69.73333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-52.066666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -69.73333/lat -52.066666)">Lagunas Mellizas</a> E, 51 ° 04’30”S, 72 ° 58’W, 100 m, on exposed rock, 1 Dec 2000, Elvebakk, A. 00:879 (TROM); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-72.8&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-50.99167" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -72.8/lat -50.99167)">1.5 km SW of Guardería Laguna Amarga</a>, 50 ° 59’30”S, 72 ° 48’W, 80 m, on an exposed gravelly ridge, 24 Jan 1996, Elvebakk, A. 96:111 A (TROM); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-69.73333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-52.066666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -69.73333/lat -52.066666)">Lago</a> Sarmiento E, Baño Viejo, 50 ° 56’S, 72 ° 34’W, 70 m, sun-exposed rock in the steppe, 7 Dec 2000, Elvebakk, A. 00:934 (TROM); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-69.73333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-52.066666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -69.73333/lat -52.066666)">Lago del Toro</a> (L. Maravilla), <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-69.73333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-52.066666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -69.73333/lat -52.066666)">Estancia Río Paine</a>, on exposed rocks, 14 Mar 1941, Santesson, R. 6495 (S); Seno Skyring, Ea. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-71.36667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-52.433334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -71.36667/lat -52.433334)">Río Verde</a>, 3 km W of Maria Felicinda, 52 ° 26’S, 71 ° 22’W, 2 m, on the E side of supralittoral rocks, 30 Nov 1999, Elvebakk, A. 99:944 (TROM); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-71.2&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-52.783333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -71.2/lat -52.783333)">Seno Otway area</a>, 2 km NE of Punta Espolón, 52 ° 47’S, 71 ° 12’W, 5 m, on an erratic rock of andesite, 30 Nov 1999, Elvebakk, A. 99:907 (TROM); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-69.73333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-52.066666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -69.73333/lat -52.066666)">Elvebakk</a>, A. 99:911 (CANB); 20 m, on erratic rocks in heathlands, Elvebakk, A. 99:928 (TROM); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-71.15195&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-50.61111" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -71.15195/lat -50.61111)">1 km S of Carpa Manzana</a>, 50 ° 36’40”S, 71 ° 09’07”W, 50 m, on a small erratic boulder, 6 Dec 1999, Elvebakk, A. 99:110 (TROM); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-71.46667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-52.05" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -71.46667/lat -52.05)">Morro Chico</a>, 52 ° 03’S, 71 ° 28’ W, common on wind-exposed basaltic rocks, 28 Nov 1999, Elvebakk, A. 99:822 C; 99:835; 99:840; 99:835; 99:880; 99:881 (TROM); 30 Dec 2013 Elvebakk, A. 13:075 (TROM); 13:077 (TROM); 13:083 (MAF; TROM); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-69.73333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-52.066666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -69.73333/lat -52.066666)">Kampen-Aike</a>, 1 km NW of E end of <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-70.88333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-52.7" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -70.88333/lat -52.7)">Laguna Cabeza del Mar</a>, 52 ° 42’S, 70 ° 53’W, 30 m, on a single granitic erratic boulder, 25 Nov 1999, Elvebakk, A. 99:722 (TROM); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-69.73333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-52.066666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -69.73333/lat -52.066666)">Parque Nacional Pali-Aike</a>, 2−3 km E of Laguna Ana, 52 ° 04’S, 69 ° 44’W, 250 m, on rocks, 16 Oct 2000, Elvebakk, A. 00:815 (TROM); 00:992 (TROM); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-69.73333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-52.066666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -69.73333/lat -52.066666)">Tierra del Fuego</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-69.73333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-52.066666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -69.73333/lat -52.066666)">Porvenir</a>, in dry Empetrum rubrum heath, 27 Dec 1940, Santesson, R. 6901 (S).</p> <p>This species is common all along the eastern and dry part of the Chilean region of Magallanes, as indicated by the 31 collections from Magallanes cited here. It is probably also common in adjacent parts of Argentina, although only two collections have been available for this study. The species grows together with its fertile counterpart, X. tehuelchorum, and is associated also with Flavoparmelia gerlachei, although the latter occupy the most exposed parts of rock outcrops and boulders. It is astonishing that these two large Xanthoparmelia species have not been described previously, and the only explanation is that their distribution is distinctly southern. The Argentinian province of Santa Cruz is almost unknown lichenologically, and further to the south, lichenologists have focused on the humid coastal forests, and neglected the southernmost steppes.</p> <p>FIGURE. Xanthoparmelia austrosorediatum, HOLOTYPE. Scale bar = 1 cm.</p> <p>Xanthoparmelia austrosorediatum can be mistaken for Flavoparmelia gerlachei. However, their lobe margins and outlines are different as shown below F. gerlachei, and in Fig. 3. The chemistry is constant, and the 24 specimens which have been studied by TLC all have protocetraric and usnic acids as major compounds.</p> <p>Apothecia are very rare, and were present only in two of the studied collections (Elvebakk 99:881 and 99:907). They are 1−1.5 mm wide, and many of the apothecia have sorediate thalline excipulae. The ascospores are of a typical Xanthoparmelia type, short-ellipsoid and only 5−7 × 8−12 µm in size, and shorter than those of F.lgerlachei which measure 6−8.5 × 12.5−14 µm, with a thin perispore in addition. Their few apothecia available for study probably explains the slight deviation in spore size as compared with X. tehuelchorum.</p> <p>In their Xanthoparmelia monograph, Nash et al. (1995) stated that quite a number of the species ‘become darker (to almost blackish) in the older central parts with age’. In species such as X. mougeotii, skottsbergiana and X. submougeotii this is apparently due to pigmentation patterns. However, in X. tehuelchorum and X. austrosorediata a similar decoloration in practically all specimens is instead caused by a network of strange hyphae of conidia-like cells on the surface of the lichen. These hyphae belong to a lichenicolous fungus now under study by Zhurbenko (2013, pers. comm.).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E9B86AA16C2B67FF2FFEA3FAAEFE02	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Elvebakk, A.;Bjerke, J. W.;Støvern, L. E.	Elvebakk, A., Bjerke, J. W., Støvern, L. E. (2014): Parmelioid lichens (Parmeliaceae) in southernmost South America. Phytotaxa 173 (1): 1-30, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.173.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.173.1.1
03E9B86AA16A2B67FF2FFDF6FA16F976.text	03E9B86AA16A2B67FF2FFDF6FA16F976.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Xanthoparmelia delisei (Duby) O. Blanco, A. Crespo, Elix, D. Hawksw. & Lumbsch. 2004	<div><p>X. delisei (Duby) O. Blanco, A. Crespo, Elix, D. Hawksw. &amp; Lumbsch. (2004b: 967)</p> <p>The species was reported from one locality in Santa Cruz and one locality in Chilean Tierra del Fuego (Yendegaia very close to the Argentinian border) by Esslinger (1977). He stated that South American and Australian samples were somewhat different morphologically from Northern Hemisphere material, however, no definitive characters could be defined separating them.</p> <p>According to our experience, X. delisei is locally very common in the steppe areas and drier parts of the forested areas of the National Park Torres del Paine in Magallanes. A total of 20 collections are cited here from this area, in addition to a single collection from another part of the region. The species varies from having long, diverging and very discrete lobes, to being more compact, and then with narrower lobes and smaller apothecia than X. imitatrix, which it most often can be confused with. However, their chemistry is distinct and all our studied specimens of X. delisei contain perlatolic, glomelliferic, and glomellic acids as well as a forth unidentified substance. This is the only species from our study area with this distinct chemosyndrome, whereas the other four species with this chemosyndrome treated by Esslinger (1977) are isidiate.</p> <p>Specimens examined: CHILE. XII REGIÓN DE MAGALLANES: Parque Nacional Torres del Paine, 500 m N of the western lake of <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-72.98333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-51.058334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -72.98333/lat -51.058334)">Lagunas Mellizas</a> , 51 ° 03’30”S, 72 ° 59’W, 150 m, on a non-forested exposed hill, 3 Dec 2000, Elvebakk, A. 00:906 (TROM); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-72.96667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-51.075" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -72.96667/lat -51.075)">Lagunas Mellizas</a> E, 51 ° 04’30”S, 72 ° 58’W, 100 m, on rocks, 1 Dec 2000, Elvebakk, A. 00:872 (TROM); Pudeto, 400 m E of the easternmost lake of <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-72.96667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-51.058334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -72.96667/lat -51.058334)">Lagunas Mellizas</a> , 51 ° 03’30”S, 72 ° 58’W, 80 m, on strongly exposed outcrop 50 m N of the road, locally common, 3 Dec 1999, Elvebakk, A. 99:1029 (TROM); 99:1030 (TROM); 99:1031 (TROM); 14:004 (MAF, TROM); 200 m S of <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-73.01667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-51.058334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -73.01667/lat -51.058334)">Salto Grande</a>, W of the <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-73.01667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-51.058334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -73.01667/lat -51.058334)">Pudeto</a> inlet, 51 ° 03’30”S, 73 ° 01’W, 70 m, 5 Dec 2000, Elvebakk, A. 00:924 (TROM); 00:932 (TROM); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-72.833336&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-51.025" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -72.833336/lat -51.025)">500 m W of Laguna Los Flamencos</a>, 51 ° 01’30”S, 72 ° 50’W, 250−300 m, on pebbles on an exposed, dry ridge, 2 Dec 1999, Elvebakk, A. 99:999 (SGO); 99:1000 (TROM); 200 m S of <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-73.01667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-51.058334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -73.01667/lat -51.058334)">Salto Grande</a>, W of the <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-73.01667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-51.058334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -73.01667/lat -51.058334)">Pudeto</a> inlet, 51 ° 03’30”S, 73 ° 01’W, 70 m, 5 Dec 2000, Elvebakk, A. 00:930 (TROM); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-71.36667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-52.433334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -71.36667/lat -52.433334)">Lago</a> Nordenskjöld S, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-72.933334&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-51.05" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -72.933334/lat -51.05)">1 km W of Mirador Lago Nordenskjöld</a>, 51 ° 03’S, 72 ° 56’W, 250 m, on exposed rocks, 1 Dec 2000, Elvebakk, A. 00:855 (TROM); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-71.36667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-52.433334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -71.36667/lat -52.433334)">Lago Pehoe</a> NW, 3−500 m SE of <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-73.11667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-51.075" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -73.11667/lat -51.075)">Refugio</a> &amp; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-73.11667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-51.075" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -73.11667/lat -51.075)">Camping Pehoe</a>, 51 ° 04’30”S, 73 ° 07’W, 70 m, on rocks on an exposed ridge near the lake, 11 Dec 1999, Elvebakk, A. 99:1247 (TROM); 99:1248 (TROM); 2 km N of E end of <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-72.933334&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-51.05" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -72.933334/lat -51.05)">Lago</a> Sarmiento Chico, 51 ° 03’S, 72 ° 56’W, 250 m, on rocks, 2 Jan 1998, Elvebakk, A. 98:018 (TROM); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-72.85994&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-51.009693" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -72.85994/lat -51.009693)">2.5 km E of Laguna Blanquillos</a>, 51 ° 00’34,9”S, 72 ° 51’35,8”W, 110 m, on rocks, 2 Dec 1999, Elvebakk, A. 99:994 (TROM); 99:995 (TROM); 99:998A (TROM); 99:998B (TROM); 0.5 km E of Refugio &amp; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-71.36667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-52.433334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -71.36667/lat -52.433334)">Camping Pehoe</a>, 500 m NE of the river and <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-73.11667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-51.066666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -73.11667/lat -51.066666)">500 m SE of Lago Skottsberg</a>, 51 ° 04’S, 73 ° 07’W, 110 m, on an erratic granitic boulder, 11 Dec 1999, Elvebakk, A. 99:1252 (TROM); Seno Skyring, Estancia <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-71.36667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-52.433334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -71.36667/lat -52.433334)">Río Verde</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-71.36667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-52.433334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -71.36667/lat -52.433334)">3 km W of Maria Felicinda</a>, 52 ° 26’S, 71 ° 22’W, 2 m, on the E sides of supralittoral rocks, 30 Nov 1999, Elvebakk, A. 99:943 (TROM).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E9B86AA16A2B67FF2FFDF6FA16F976	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Elvebakk, A.;Bjerke, J. W.;Støvern, L. E.	Elvebakk, A., Bjerke, J. W., Støvern, L. E. (2014): Parmelioid lichens (Parmeliaceae) in southernmost South America. Phytotaxa 173 (1): 1-30, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.173.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.173.1.1
03E9B86AA16A2B67FF2FF965FCE2F7D8.text	03E9B86AA16A2B67FF2FF965FCE2F7D8.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Xanthoparmelia farinosa (Vain.) Nash, Elix, & J. Johnston 1987	<div><p>X. farinosa (Vain.) Nash, Elix, &amp; J. Johnston (1987: 286)</p> <p>Xanthoparmelia farinosa has not been reported from southernmost South America before. TLC shows norstictic, stictic (major), constictic and usnic acid, which is the same as in X. submougeotii, but the species differs from the latter in the characters presented by Nash et al. (1995).</p> <p>Specimens examined: CHILE. XII REGIÓN DE MAGALLANES: Parque Nacional Torres del Paine, 5−600 m W of the S end of <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-73.11667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-51.066666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -73.11667/lat -51.066666)">Lago Skottsberg</a>, 51 ° 04’S, 73 ° 07’W, 150 m, on erratic boulders, 11 Dec 1999, Elvebakk, A. 99:1250A (TROM); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-71.36667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-51.693058" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -71.36667/lat -51.693058)">Puerto Natales</a> , 8−9 km S of the town, along the main road, 51 ° 41’35,0”S, 72 ° 23’16,3”,W, 50−100 m, on a small erratic rock of granite, 6 Dec 1999, Elvebakk, A, 99:1176 (TROM); 99:1180 (TROM); Seno Skyring, 3−4 km W of Estancia Maria Felicinda / Ea. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-71.36667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-52.433334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -71.36667/lat -52.433334)">Río Verde</a>, 52 ° 26’S, 71 ° 22’W, 2 m, on seashore rocks, on E-facing sides, 30 Nov 1999, Elvebakk, A. 99:994 (TROM); 99:947 (TROM); 99:949 (TROM).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E9B86AA16A2B67FF2FF965FCE2F7D8	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Elvebakk, A.;Bjerke, J. W.;Støvern, L. E.	Elvebakk, A., Bjerke, J. W., Støvern, L. E. (2014): Parmelioid lichens (Parmeliaceae) in southernmost South America. Phytotaxa 173 (1): 1-30, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.173.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.173.1.1
03E9B86AA1692B64FF2FFF4AFE51FE40.text	03E9B86AA1692B64FF2FFF4AFE51FE40.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Xanthoparmelia glabrans (Nyl.) O. Blanco, A. Crespo, Elix, D. Hawksw. & Lumbsch 2004	<div><p>X. glabrans (Nyl.) O. Blanco, A. Crespo, Elix, D. Hawksw. &amp; Lumbsch (2004b: 968)</p> <p>Xanthoparmelia glabrans was reported from one locality at Estancia Güer-Aike in the Argentinian province Santa Cruz by Esslinger (1977). We have only found it at one locality within the study area, and conclude that it is much rarer than the morphologically similar X. imitatrix and X. delisei. Its chemosyndrome with alectoronic acid is distinct.</p> <p>Specimens examined: CHILE. XII REGIÓN DE MAGALLANES: Parque Nacional Torres del Paine: 1.5 km N of N end of <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-72.933334&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-51.05" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -72.933334/lat -51.05)">Laguna Sarmiento Chico</a>, 51 ° 03’S, 72 ° 56’W, 150 m, on rocks, ass. with Xanthoparmelia mougeotii, Nov 1995, Elvebakk, A. 95:423 (TROM).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E9B86AA1692B64FF2FFF4AFE51FE40	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Elvebakk, A.;Bjerke, J. W.;Støvern, L. E.	Elvebakk, A., Bjerke, J. W., Støvern, L. E. (2014): Parmelioid lichens (Parmeliaceae) in southernmost South America. Phytotaxa 173 (1): 1-30, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.173.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.173.1.1
03E9B86AA1692B64FF2FFE36FC1CFA50.text	03E9B86AA1692B64FF2FFE36FC1CFA50.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Xanthoparmelia imitatrix (Taylor) O. Blanco, A. Crespo, Elix, D. Hawksw. & Lumbsch 2004	<div><p>X. imitatrix (Taylor) O. Blanco, A. Crespo, Elix, D. Hawksw. &amp; Lumbsch (2004b: 968)</p> <p>Xanthoparmelia imitatrix was reported from one locality in Magallanes and two in Argentina (Santa Cruz and Tierra del Fuego) by Esslinger (1977). We have found it to be very common in the National Park Torres del Paine and from scattered localities elsewhere within the steppes of Magallanes, and 19 collections are cited here. All samples contain physodic acid.</p> <p>Specimens examined: CHILE. XII REGIÓN DE MAGALLANES: Sierra Baguales, 1.3 km S of the junction between the roads leading to Las Chinas and <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-72.385025&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-50.877747" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -72.385025/lat -50.877747)">Las Cumbres</a>, 50 ° 52’39.9”S, 72 ° 23’06.1”W, 2–300 m, exposed erratic boulders, ass. with Rhizoplaca melanophthalma, 5 Dec 1999, Elvebakk, A. 99:1138 (TROM); 99:1139 (TROM); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-69.77906&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-51.076443" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -69.77906/lat -51.076443)">Parque Nacional Torres del Paine</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-72.833336&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-51.025" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -72.833336/lat -51.025)">500 m W of Laguna Los Flamencos</a>, 51 ° 01’30”S, 72 ° 50’W, 250−300 m, on pebbles of an exposed, dry ridge, 2 Dec 1999, Elvebakk, A. 99:998 (TROM); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-72.85&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-50.99167" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -72.85/lat -50.99167)">4−5 km SW of Guardería Laguna Amarga</a>, 50 ° 59’30”S, 72 ° 51’W, 120 m, on exposed rocks, 14 Nov 1995, Elvebakk, A. 95:343 (TROM); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-72.80528&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-50.99861" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -72.80528/lat -50.99861)">1.5 km N of Laguna Blanquillos</a>, 50 ° 59’55”S, 72 ° 48’19”W, 370 m, on exposed rocks, 1 Jan 2014, Elvebakk, A. 14:012 (MAF); 14:016 (MAF); 14:018 (MAF); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-72.8&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-50.99167" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -72.8/lat -50.99167)">0.5 km SW of Guardería Laguna Amarga</a>, 50 ° 59’30”S, 72 ° 48’W, 100 m, on exposed rocks in a steppe area, 4-5 Jan 1996, Elvebakk, A. 98:024 (SGO); 96:076 (TROM); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-73.03333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=51.066666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -73.03333/lat 51.066666)">0.5−1 km N of Salto Grande</a>, 51 ° 04’N, 73 ° 02’W, 100 m, on rocks, Nov 1995, Elvebakk, A. 95:461 (TROM); Lago Sarmiento E, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-72.566666&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-50.933334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -72.566666/lat -50.933334)">Baño Viejo</a>, 50 ° 56’S, 72 ° 34’W, 70 m, sun-exposed rock in a steppe area, 7 Dec 2000, Elvebakk, A. 00:936 (TROM); c. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-73.174995&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-51.133335" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -73.174995/lat -51.133335)">500 m W of Guardería Lago Grey</a>, 51 ° 08’S, 73 ° 10’30”W, 80 m, on rocks, ass. with Umblicaria spp., 4 Dec 1999, Elvebakk, A. 99:1063 (TROM); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-72.9&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-51.05" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -72.9/lat -51.05)">2 km SW of Laguna Larga</a>, 51 ° 03’S, 72 ° 54’W, 250 m, on rocks, 2 Nov 1995, Elvebakk, A. 95:446 (TROM); 1.5 km N of E end of <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-72.933334&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-51.05" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -72.933334/lat -51.05)">Lago Sarmiento Chico</a>, 51 ° 03’S, 72 ° 56’W, 150−200 m, on rocks, 2 Nov 1995, Elvebakk, A. 95:435 (TROM); 1 km SE of Laguna de los <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-72.85&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-51.041668" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -72.85/lat -51.041668)">Cisnes</a>, 51 ° 02’30”S, 72 ° 51’W, 80 m, on dry twigs on the ground and on rocks, 3 Dec 1999, Elvebakk, A. 99:1040 (TROM); 99:1041 (TROM); 4 km ENE of <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-72.95&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-51.058334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -72.95/lat -51.058334)">Salto Grande</a>, 4−500 m W of altitude ‘222’, 51 ° 03’30”S, 72 ° 57’W, 100 m, on rocks, 11 Dec 1999, Elvebakk, A. 99:993A (TROM); Seno Otway, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-71.2&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-52.783333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -71.2/lat -52.783333)">2 km NE of Punto Espolón</a>, 52 ° 47’S, 71 ° 12’W, 10 m, on an erratic boulder of andesite, 30 Nov 1999, Elvebakk, A. 99:910 (TROM); Morro Chico, NW part, 52 ° 03’S, 71 ° 28’W, 150 m, on rocks in a slope, 8 Dec 1999, Elvebakk, A. 99:1229 (TROM); 30 Dec. 2013, (MAF, TROM); 200 m, on a rock near the S summit, 28 Nov 1999, Elvebakk, A. 99:833 (TROM); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-69.77906&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-51.076443" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -69.77906/lat -51.076443)">Parque Nacional Pali-Aike</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-69.77906&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-51.076443" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -69.77906/lat -51.076443)">0.5 km E of Laguna Ana</a>, 51 ° 04’35.2”S, 69 ° 46’44.6”W, 130 m, on rocks in the steppe, 26 Nov 2000, Elvebakk, A. 00:817 (TROM).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E9B86AA1692B64FF2FFE36FC1CFA50	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Elvebakk, A.;Bjerke, J. W.;Støvern, L. E.	Elvebakk, A., Bjerke, J. W., Støvern, L. E. (2014): Parmelioid lichens (Parmeliaceae) in southernmost South America. Phytotaxa 173 (1): 1-30, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.173.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.173.1.1
03E9B86AA1692B64FF2FFA06FF7FF8F8.text	03E9B86AA1692B64FF2FFA06FF7FF8F8.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Xanthoparmelia microspora (Mull. Arg.) Hale 1974	<div><p>X. microspora (Müll. Arg.) Hale (1974: 488)</p> <p>Xanthoparmelia microspora is very common further north in South America, but seems to be more uncommon in the southern parts, and we have only found it at one locality. It has previously been reported from two localities in the study area, near Punta Arenas in Magallanes and Puerto Deseado in Santa Cruz (Nash et. al. 1995). Our sample contains salazinic, usnic (majors) and norstictic acids (trace).</p> <p>Specimen examined: CHILE. XII REGIÓN DE MAGALLANES: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-72.8&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-50.99167" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -72.8/lat -50.99167)">Parque Nacional Torres del Paine</a>, 1−2 km SW of Guardería Laguna Amarga, 50 ° 59’30”S, 72 ° 48’W, 100 m, on sun-exposed rocks, Dec 1995, Elvebakk 95:520 (TROM).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E9B86AA1692B64FF2FFA06FF7FF8F8	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Elvebakk, A.;Bjerke, J. W.;Støvern, L. E.	Elvebakk, A., Bjerke, J. W., Støvern, L. E. (2014): Parmelioid lichens (Parmeliaceae) in southernmost South America. Phytotaxa 173 (1): 1-30, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.173.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.173.1.1
03E9B86AA1692B65FF2FF8EEFF7FF940.text	03E9B86AA1692B65FF2FF8EEFF7FF940.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Xanthoparmelia mougeotii (Schaer.) Hale 1974	<div><p>X. mougeotii (Schaer.) Hale (1974: 488)</p> <p>Xanthoparmelia mougeotii was reported from three localities in the study area by Nash et al. (1995). We have studied 17 specimens, and the species is probably common in our study area. All share the same chemistry of usnic, norstictic, stictic, constictic and cryptostictic acids, but three specimens also have menegazziaic acid, and some specimens also contain an unidentified substance. The soralia are more fine-grained and whitish as compared with those of X. submougeotii (Figs. 8 and 9).</p> <p>FIGURE. Xanthoparmelia mougeotii photographed near the Administration Centre of the National Park Torres del Paine, Chile).</p> <p>Specimens examined: CHILE. XII REGIÓN DE MAGALLANES: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-72.833336&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-51.025" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -72.833336/lat -51.025)">Parque Nacional Torres del Paine</a>, 500 m W of Laguna Los Flamencos, 51 ° 01’30”S, 72 ° 50’W, 300 m, on rocks on an exposed ridge, 2 Dec 1999, Elvebakk, A. 99:999 (TROM); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-73.03333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-51.066666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -73.03333/lat -51.066666)">0.5−1 km N of Salto Grande</a>, 51 ° 04’S, 73 ° 02’W, 100 m, on rocks, Nov 1995. Elvebakk, A. 95:460 (TROM); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-72.933334&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-51.05" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -72.933334/lat -51.05)">Lago Nordenskjöld</a> S, 1 km W of Miradór Lago Nordenskjöld, 51 ° 03’S, 72 ° 56’W, 250 m, on weakly protected rocks, 1 Dec 2000, Elvebakk, A. 00:856 (SGO); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-72.98333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-51.066666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -72.98333/lat -51.066666)">Lagunas Mellizas</a> W, 51 ° 04’S, 72 ° 59’W, 100 m, on S-facing rocks, 3 Dec 2000, Elvebakk, A. 00:894 (TROM); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-75.96667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-51.058334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -75.96667/lat -51.058334)">500 m E of Laguna Las Mellizas</a>, 51 ° 03’30”S, 75 ° 58’W, 200 m, on rocks on a ridge, 3 Dec 1999, Elvebakk, A. 99:1028 (TROM); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-73.0&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-51.066666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -73.0/lat -51.066666)">100 m N of Salto Grande</a>, 51 ° 04’S, 73 ° 00’W, 80 m, on rocks near the lake shore, 3 Dec 1999, Elvebakk, A. 99:1026 (TROM); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-73.01667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-51.05" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -73.01667/lat -51.05)">Miradór Lago Nordenskjöld</a>, 2−3 km N of Salto Grande, 51 ° 03’S, 73 ° 01’W, 300 m, on rock in S-facing slope, 3 Dec 2000, Elvebakk, A. 00:919 (TROM); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-73.01667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-51.066666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -73.01667/lat -51.066666)">Refugio Pehoe</a>, 200 m NW of the northern part of the bay, 51 ° 04’S, 73 ° 01’W, 100 m, Elvebakk, A. 99:1320 (TROM); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-73.11667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-52.066666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -73.11667/lat -52.066666)">Lago Pehoe</a> NW, 3-500 m SE of <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-73.11667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-52.066666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -73.11667/lat -52.066666)">Refugio Pehoe</a>, 70 m, 51 ° 02 ° 30”S, 73 ° 07’W, on rocks of an exposed ridge, 11 Dec 1999, Elvebakk, A. 99:1238A (TROM); 5−600 m W of the S end of <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-73.11667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-51.066666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -73.11667/lat -51.066666)">Lago Skottsberg</a>, 51 ° 04’S, 73 ° 07’W, 150 m, on erratic boulders, 11 Dec 1999, Elvebakk, A. 99:1257 (TROM); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-69.63333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-52.066666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -69.63333/lat -52.066666)">Lago del Toro</a> (L. Maravilla), Estancia <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-69.63333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-52.066666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -69.63333/lat -52.066666)">Río Payne</a>, on rocky, forestless slopes by the <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-69.63333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-52.066666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -69.63333/lat -52.066666)">river Río Payne</a>, 13 Mar 1941, Santesson, R. 6440 (S); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-72.38333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-51.7" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -72.38333/lat -51.7)">Puerto Natales</a>, 8−9 km S of the town, along the main road, 51 ° 42’S, 72 ° 23’W, 50−100 m, on rocks, 6 Dec 1999, Elvebakk, A. 99:1181 (TROM); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-69.63333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-52.066666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -69.63333/lat -52.066666)">Cerro Dorotea</a>, on a big boulder in a very thin forest, 9 May 1940, Santesson, R. 2100 (S); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-71.2&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-52.783333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -71.2/lat -52.783333)">Seno Otway area</a>, 2 km N of Punta Espolón, 52 ° 47‘S, 71 ° 12’W, 5 m, on rocks, 30 Nov 1999, Elvebakk, A. 99:913 (TROM); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-70.87667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-52.693333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -70.87667/lat -52.693333)">4.5-5 km W of Kampenaike</a>, 52 ° 41’36”S, 70 ° 52’36”W, 65 m, on a small rock in a steppe-like ridge, 29 Dec. 2013, Elvebakk, A. 13:073 (MAF); Parque Nacional Pali-Aike, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-69.63333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-52.066666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -69.63333/lat -52.066666)">Escorial del Diablo</a>, 52 ° 04’S, 69 ° 38’W, 130 m, on volcanic rock, 26 Nov 2000, Elvebakk, A. 00:822 (TROM); 00:827 (TROM).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E9B86AA1692B65FF2FF8EEFF7FF940	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Elvebakk, A.;Bjerke, J. W.;Støvern, L. E.	Elvebakk, A., Bjerke, J. W., Støvern, L. E. (2014): Parmelioid lichens (Parmeliaceae) in southernmost South America. Phytotaxa 173 (1): 1-30, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.173.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.173.1.1
03E9B86AA1682B65FF2FF937FF70F893.text	03E9B86AA1682B65FF2FF937FF70F893.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Xanthoparmelia patagonica (Henssen) Amo, Lumbsch & Crespo	<div><p>X. patagonica (Henssen) Amo, Lumbsch &amp; Crespo (in Amo de Paz et al. 2010: 381)</p> <p>A rare Argentinian endemic previously known as Placoparmelia patagonica Henssen (Amo de Paz et al. 2010), and known from the type locality near Calafate in Santa Cruz with an additional locality reported from the Río Negro province further to the north (Henssen 1992).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E9B86AA1682B65FF2FF937FF70F893	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Elvebakk, A.;Bjerke, J. W.;Støvern, L. E.	Elvebakk, A., Bjerke, J. W., Støvern, L. E. (2014): Parmelioid lichens (Parmeliaceae) in southernmost South America. Phytotaxa 173 (1): 1-30, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.173.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.173.1.1
03E9B86AA1682B65FF2FF843FCABF803.text	03E9B86AA1682B65FF2FF843FCABF803.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Xanthoparmelia peltata Amo, Lumbsch & Crespo	<div><p>X. peltata Amo, Lumbsch &amp; Crespo (in Amo de Paz et al. 2010: 381)</p> <p>Another rare Argentinian endemic previously known as Omphalodiella patagonica Henssen, and only known from two localities, one at Calafate in Santa Cruz (Amo de Paz et al. 2010, Henssen 1991).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E9B86AA1682B65FF2FF843FCABF803	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Elvebakk, A.;Bjerke, J. W.;Støvern, L. E.	Elvebakk, A., Bjerke, J. W., Støvern, L. E. (2014): Parmelioid lichens (Parmeliaceae) in southernmost South America. Phytotaxa 173 (1): 1-30, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.173.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.173.1.1
03E9B86AA1772B7AFF2FFF4AFEC6FE08.text	03E9B86AA1772B7AFF2FFF4AFEC6FE08.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Xanthoparmelia skottsbergiana Nash & Elix	<div><p>X. skottsbergiana Nash &amp; Elix (in Nash et al. 1995: 98)</p> <p>We here report this rarely collected species as new to southernmost South America, from two localities in Torres del Paine National Park. It has previously been known from four localities in central/northern Argentina and Chile (Nash et al. 1995). The specimens studied by us has distinctly narrower lobes than the sorediate X. microspora, the only additional species from the area with the same chemistry (salazinic and norstictic acids).</p> <p>Specimen examined: CHILE. XII REGIÓN DE MAGALLANES: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-73.03333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-51.066666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -73.03333/lat -51.066666)">Parque Nacional Torres del Paine</a>, Lago Nordenskjöld S, 1 km W of Miradór Lago Nordenskjöld, 51 ° 02’30”S, 72 ° 56’W, 70 m, on pebbles, 1 Dec 2000, Elvebakk, A. 00:867 (TROM); 0.5−1 km N of Salto Grande, 51 ° 04’S, 73 ° 02’W, 100 m, on distintegrating rocks, Nov 1995, Elvebakk, A. 95:459 (TROM).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E9B86AA1772B7AFF2FFF4AFEC6FE08	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Elvebakk, A.;Bjerke, J. W.;Støvern, L. E.	Elvebakk, A., Bjerke, J. W., Støvern, L. E. (2014): Parmelioid lichens (Parmeliaceae) in southernmost South America. Phytotaxa 173 (1): 1-30, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.173.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.173.1.1
03E9B86AA1772B7AFF2FFDFEFB87FD9C.text	03E9B86AA1772B7AFF2FFDFEFB87FD9C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Xanthoparmelia squamans (Stitzenb.) O. Blanco, A. Crespo, Elix, D. Hawksw. & Lumbsch 2004	<div><p>X. squamans (Stitzenb.) O. Blanco, A. Crespo, Elix, D. Hawksw. &amp; Lumbsch (2004b: 971)</p> <p>Reported from one locality in Santa Cruz and one locality in Magallanes by Esslinger (1977).</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E9B86AA1772B7AFF2FFDFEFB87FD9C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Elvebakk, A.;Bjerke, J. W.;Støvern, L. E.	Elvebakk, A., Bjerke, J. W., Støvern, L. E. (2014): Parmelioid lichens (Parmeliaceae) in southernmost South America. Phytotaxa 173 (1): 1-30, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.173.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.173.1.1
03E9B86AA1772B7AFF2FFD42FB1BFB38.text	03E9B86AA1772B7AFF2FFD42FB1BFB38.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Xanthoparmelia stygiodes (Nyl. ex Cromb.) O. Blanco, A. Crespo, Elix, D. Hawksw. & Lumbsch 2004	<div><p>X. stygiodes (Nyl. ex Cromb.) O. Blanco, A. Crespo, Elix, D. Hawksw. &amp; Lumbsch (2004b: 971)</p> <p>Reported from a rather limited number of localities in Australia and New Zealand, in addition to the type locality at Kerguelen Islands and a single locality in Argentinian Tierra del Fuego (Esslinger 1977). It was reported as new to Argentina from Tierra del Fuego by Calvelo &amp; Liberatore (2002), and generally listed from Chile in Galloway &amp; Quilhot (1998), without references to published records. We have found the species in four different areas within the dry sectors of Magallanes. Its small size indicates that it is easily overlooked. All specimens were found to contain fumarprotocetraric acid, being the only brown to black Xanthoparmelia species from the study area producing this acid.</p> <p>Specimens examined: CHILE. XII REGIÓN DE MAGALLANES: Sierra Baguales, 1.3 km S of the junction between the roads leading to Las Chinas and <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-72.385025&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-50.877747" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -72.385025/lat -50.877747)">Las Cumbres</a>, 50 ° 52’39.9”S, 72 ° 23’06.1”W, 2−300 m, on an erratic, granitic boulder in a steppe landscape, 5 Dec 1999, Elvebakk, A. 99:1134 (TROM); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-73.03333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-51.075" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -73.03333/lat -51.075)">Parque Nacional Torres del Paine</a>, 400 m N of <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-73.03333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-51.075" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -73.03333/lat -51.075)">Salto Grande</a>, 51 ° 04’30”S, 73 ° 02’W, 60 m, slightly protected from wind on lake shore rocks, 3 Dec 1999, Elvebakk, A. 99:1019 (TROM); Seno Skyring, Estancia <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-71.36667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-52.433334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -71.36667/lat -52.433334)">Río Verde</a>, 3 km W of María Felicinda, 52 ° 26’S, 71 ° 22’W, 2 m, on the W side of supralittoral rocks, 30 Nov 1999, Elvebakk, A. 99:942A (TROM); km S of <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-71.152&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-52.611164" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -71.152/lat -52.611164)">Carpa Manzana</a>, 52 ° 36’40.2”S, 71 ° 09’07.2”W, 50 m, on a small erratic boulder, 6 Dec 1999, Elvebakk, A. 99:1292 (TROM).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E9B86AA1772B7AFF2FFD42FB1BFB38	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Elvebakk, A.;Bjerke, J. W.;Støvern, L. E.	Elvebakk, A., Bjerke, J. W., Støvern, L. E. (2014): Parmelioid lichens (Parmeliaceae) in southernmost South America. Phytotaxa 173 (1): 1-30, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.173.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.173.1.1
03E9B86AA1762B7BFF2FFF4AFADAF8D0.text	03E9B86AA1762B7BFF2FFF4AFADAF8D0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Xanthoparmelia submougeotii Hale 1989	<div><p>X. submougeotii Hale (1989: 561)</p> <p>When X. submougeotii was described it was only reported from its type locality in the Juan Fernández Islands (Chile), whereas Nash et al. (1995) later added one collection from Mendoza in Argentina and two from the Falkland Islands. However, Calvelo &amp; Adler (2001) reported it from many localities in Argentinian Tierra del Fuego, Etayo &amp; Sancho (2008) added it from Chilean Isla Navarino and we have studied another 25 collections, indicating that this species is very common. All samples show the same chemistry with usnic, norstictic, stictic and constictic acids, and most specimens have characteristic subterminal soralia (Fig. 9).</p> <p>Specimens examined: CHILE. XII REGIÓN DE MAGALLANES: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-71.36667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-52.433334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -71.36667/lat -52.433334)">Parque Nacional Torres del Paine</a>, 600–700 m W of S end of Lago Skottsberg, 51 ° 04’S, 73 ° 07’W, 150 m, on an erratic boulder of andesite, 11 Dec 1999, Elvebakk, A. 99:1250 A (TROM); 99:1250 C (TROM); 98:311 (TROM); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-73.174995&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-51.125" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -73.174995/lat -51.125)">1 km W of Guardería Lago Grey</a>, 51 ° 07’30”S, 73 ° 10’30”W, 80 m, on open rocks near the river, 4 Dec 1999, Elvebakk, A. 99:1098 A (TROM); NE-facing, protected cliff wall, Elvebakk, A. 99:1092 (SGO); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-73.11667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-51.075" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -73.11667/lat -51.075)">Lago Pehoe</a> NW, 300–500 m SE of <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-73.11667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-51.075" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -73.11667/lat -51.075)">Refugio Pehoe</a>, 51 ° 04’30”S, 73 ° 07’W, 70 m, on rocks on an exposed cliff, 11 Dec 1999, Elvebakk, A. 99:1238 B (TROM); 99:1246 (TROM); 99:1300 (TROM); between Lago Pehoe and <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-72.98333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-51.14167" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -72.98333/lat -51.14167)">Río Paine</a>, 2 km NE of Laguna Linda, 51 ° 08’30”S, 72 ° 59’W, 70 m, on a W-facing rock, overgrown by a Caloplaca sp., 19 Dec 1997, Elvebakk, A. 97:469 (TROM); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-73.01667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-51.066666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -73.01667/lat -51.066666)">Refugio Pudeto</a> , 51 ° 04’S, 73 ° 01’W, 70 m, on a rock in a Pernettya shrubland on the E side of the northernmost bay, 11 Dec 1999, Elvebakk, A. 99:1273 (TROM); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-71.36667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-52.433334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -71.36667/lat -52.433334)">Lagunas Mellizas</a> W, 51 ° 04’S, 72 ° 59’W, 100 m, on S-facing rocks, Elvebakk, A. 00:893 (TROM); 2 km NE of E end of <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-72.916664&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-51.05" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -72.916664/lat -51.05)">Lago</a> Sarmiento Chico, 51 ° 03’S, 72 ° 55’W, 200 m, on rocks, Nov 1995, Elvebakk, A. 95:470 (TROM); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-73.01667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-51.05" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -73.01667/lat -51.05)">Miradór Lago Nordenskjöld</a>, 2–3 km N of Salto Grande, 51 ° 03’S, 73 ° 01’W, 300 m, on sandstones, 3 Dec 2000, Elvebakk, A. 00:917 (TROM); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-71.2&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-52.783333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -71.2/lat -52.783333)">Seno Otway</a>, 2 km NE of Punta Espolón, 52 ° 47’S, 71 ° 12’W, 20 m, on granitic, erratic rock in Chiliotrichum shrubland, 30 Nov 1999, Elvebakk, A. 99:900 (TROM); 99:917 (TROM); 99:924 (TROM); Seno Skyring, 3–4 km W of Estancia María Felicinda / <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-71.36667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-52.433334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -71.36667/lat -52.433334)">EstanciaRío Verde</a>, 52 ° 26’S, 71 ° 22’W, 2 m, on seashore rocks, 30 Nov 1999, Elvebakk, A. 99:938 (TROM); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-71.36667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-52.433334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -71.36667/lat -52.433334)">Tierra del Fuego</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-71.36667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-52.433334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -71.36667/lat -52.433334)">Porvenir</a>, on a boulder in a Chiliotrichum heath, 2 Jan 1941, Santesson, R. 5473a (S); 27 Dec 1940, Santesson, R. 5281 (S); Canal Beagle, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-71.36667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-52.433334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -71.36667/lat -52.433334)">Yendegaia</a>, near the saw-mill, 510 m, on rocks, 1 Mar 1940, Santesson, R. 1395 (S).</p> <p>FIGURE. Xanthoparmelia submougeotii photographed near the Administration Centre of the National Park Torres del Paine.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E9B86AA1762B7BFF2FFF4AFADAF8D0	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Elvebakk, A.;Bjerke, J. W.;Støvern, L. E.	Elvebakk, A., Bjerke, J. W., Støvern, L. E. (2014): Parmelioid lichens (Parmeliaceae) in southernmost South America. Phytotaxa 173 (1): 1-30, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.173.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.173.1.1
03E9B86AA1752B78FF2FF9E7FE86F960.text	03E9B86AA1752B78FF2FF9E7FE86F960.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Xanthoparmelia substenophylloides Hale 1989	<div><p>X. substenophylloides Hale (1989: 562)</p> <p>In our study area only reported from one locality in Argentinian Tierra del Fuego by Nash et al. (1995). We have not collected this isidiate species.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E9B86AA1752B78FF2FF9E7FE86F960	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Elvebakk, A.;Bjerke, J. W.;Støvern, L. E.	Elvebakk, A., Bjerke, J. W., Støvern, L. E. (2014): Parmelioid lichens (Parmeliaceae) in southernmost South America. Phytotaxa 173 (1): 1-30, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.173.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.173.1.1
03E9B86AA1752B7EFF2FF914FB92F94C.text	03E9B86AA1752B7EFF2FF914FB92F94C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Xanthoparmelia tehuelchorum Elvebakk 2014	<div><p>Xanthoparmelia tehuelchorum Elvebakk, spec. nov.</p> <p>Xanthoparmeliae hypomelaenae similis, sed thallo minus adnato, ascosporis latioribus acidoque protocetrarico in medulla praesenti differt.</p> <p>MycoBank # 808979.</p> <p>Type:— CHILE: XII Regiòn de Magallanes y de la Antártica Chilena: Provincia Magallanes, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-71.46667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-52.05" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -71.46667/lat -52.05)">Morro Chico</a>, 52 ° 03’S, 71 ° 28’W, 200 m, on northwest-facing volcanic rocks, 28 Nov 1999, Elvebakk, A. 99:811 (holotype SGO, isotypes TROM, NY, S, BM, MAF).</p> <p>Figs. 6, 11, 12.</p> <p>FIGURE. Xanthoparmelia tehuelchorum, HOLOTYPE. Scale bar = 1 cm.</p> <p>Thallus 3−20 cm large, foliose and adnate to loosely attached to acidic rock surfaces; lobes elongate and irregularly and densely branched, becoming contiguous and areolate in central parts of the thalli, glossy in younger parts, 0.5−1 mm wide, 250−300 µm thick, weakly convex, lobe tips rounded to truncate, margins smooth and eciliate; upper surface yellowish green, emaculate, black-rimmed of a peripheral 0.2−0.3 mm wide marginal zone of young lobe tips being black-pigmented, soon fading to dark brown, whereas the whole thallus is normally dark grey in central parts due to a cover of filaments of a lichenicolous fungus becoming gradually dominant towards the centre; lower surface dark brown near lobe apices, otherwise black, rhizines common, 0.3−0.5 mm long, black, stout and simple, in some cases tufted when in contact with the substrate, absent only from a narrow, 0.3−0.7 mm broad marginal zone; upper cortex 20−25 µm thick, paraplectenchymatic, yellowish from usnic acid; medulla white, lax, 150−250 µm thick, upper 25−35 µm composed of a photobiont layer of globose to subglobose trebuxioid cells 7−12 µm diam.; lower cortex compact, paraplectenchymatic, blackish, c. 10 µm thick.</p> <p>Apothecia common, substipitate, 1−4 mm broad, disc dark chestnut brown, concave, thalline excipulum persistent and concolorous with thallus; epithecium dark brown, 10−15 µm thick, hymenium colourless, 30−40 µm thick, asci clavate, 8-spored, 15 × 35 µm; paraphyses septate, sparingly branched, apices swollen; hypothecium colourless, 50−60 µm thick, photobiont layer present below the hypothecium; ascospores 6−8 × 10−12 µm, simple, short-ellipsoid, smooth, perispore lacking; conidiomata pycnidia, common and laminal, immersed in thallus, ostiole black, conidia bifusiform, 1.5 × 5.5 µm, few seen.</p> <p>Chemistry; usnic acid and protocetraric acids (majors).</p> <p>Etymology: Named after the indigeneous people Tehuelches, now known as Aonikenk, who used to live in the distribution area of this species in Chile, but who are now only present on the Argentinian side.</p> <p>Additional examined specimens (paratypes): ARGENTINA. PROVINCIA DE SANTA CRUZ: Río Gallegos, Estancia Güer- Aike, on basaltic rocks at the edge of the meseta just above the valley of Río Gallegos, 18 Jan 1940, Santesson, R. 302 (S).</p> <p>CHILE. XII REGIÒN DE MAGALLANES Y DE LA ANTARTICA CHILENA: Sierra Baguales, 1.3 km S of the junction between the roads leading to Las Chinas and <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-72.38333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-50.883335" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -72.38333/lat -50.883335)">Las Cumbres</a>, 50 ° 53’S, 72 ° 23’W, 250 m, on erratic, granitic boulders, 5 Dec 1999, Elvebakk, A. 99:1132 (TROM); 99:1142 (LE); 99:1143 (TROM); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-72.412&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-50.791805" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -72.412/lat -50.791805)">3-4 km S of Estancia Tres Erres</a>, 50 ° 47’30.5”S, 72 ° 24’43.2”W, 300 m, on exposed, very soft sandstones, 5 Dec 1999, Elvebakk, A. 99:1163 (TROM); 99:1164 (TROM); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-72.85&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-51.076443" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -72.85/lat -51.076443)">Parque Nacional Torres del Paine</a>, 700 m SE of <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-72.85&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-51.076443" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -72.85/lat -51.076443)">Laguna</a> de los <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-72.85&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-51.076443" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -72.85/lat -51.076443)">Cisnes</a>, 51 ° 02’30”, 72 ° 51’W, 200 m, on rocks, 3 Dec 1999, Elvebakk, A. 99:1041 (TROM); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-72.8&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-51.033333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -72.8/lat -51.033333)">3−400 m SE of Laguna Los Flamencos</a>, 51 ° 02’S, 72 ° 48’W, 250 m, on lower parts of boulders, 3 Dec 1999, Elvebakk, A. 99:1014 (TROM); 2.5 km NE of N end of <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-72.916664&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-51.041668" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -72.916664/lat -51.041668)">Lago Sarmento Chico</a> , 51 ° 02’30”S, 72 ° 55’W, 200 m, on rocks, 18 Dec 1997, Elvebakk, A. 97:424 (TROM); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-73.01667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-51.066666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -73.01667/lat -51.066666)">Refugio</a> Pudeto, on the E side of the northernmost bay, 51 ° 04’S, 73 ° 01’W, 80 m, on rocks, 11 Dec 1999, Elvebakk, A. 99:1294 (TROM); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-72.96667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-51.058334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -72.96667/lat -51.058334)">500 m E of Lagunas Las Mellizas</a>, 51 ° 03’30”S, 72 ° 58’W, 150 m, on rocks on a ridge, 3 Dec 1999, Elvebakk, A. 99:1037 (TROM); 14:008 TROM); at <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-72.96667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-51.075" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -72.96667/lat -51.075)">eastern Lagunas Mellizas</a>, 51 ° 04’30”S, 72 ° 58’W, 100 m, on exposed rock, 1 Dec 2000, Elvebakk, A. 00:880A (TROM); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-73.11667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-51.075" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -73.11667/lat -51.075)">Lago Pehoe</a>, NW, 3–500 m SE of <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-73.11667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-51.075" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -73.11667/lat -51.075)">Refugio Pehoe</a>, 51 ° 04’30”S, 73 ° 07’W, 70 m, on rocks on an exposed ridge, 11 Dec 1999, Elvebakk, A. 99:1245 (TROM); c. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-72.833336&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-51.0" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -72.833336/lat -51.0)">2 km SW of Guardería Laguna Amarga</a>, 51 ° 00’S, 72 ° 50’W, 80 m, on rocks, 12 Dec 1995, Elvebakk, A. 95:570 (LE); 1.5 km SW of <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-72.8&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-50.99167" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -72.8/lat -50.99167)">Guardería Laguna Amarga</a>, 150 m, 50 ° 59’30”S, 72 ° 48’W, on exposed rocks, 4 Jan 1998, Elvebakk, A. 98:025 (TROM); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-72.816666&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-50.99167" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -72.816666/lat -50.99167)">2 km NW of Guardería Laguna Amarga</a>, 50 ° 59’30”S, 72 ° 49’W, 150 m, on sun-exposed rocks, Nov. 1995, Elvebakk, A. 95:456 (TROM); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-71.46667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-52.05" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -71.46667/lat -52.05)">Morro Chico</a>, 52 ° 03’S, 71 ° 28’W, 200 m, on rocks in a SW-facing slope, 28 Nov 1999, Elvebakk, A 99:790 (TROM); 99:810 (TROM); 99:812 (TROM); on N-facing rocky slopes, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-69.77906&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-51.076443" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -69.77906/lat -51.076443)">Elvebakk</a>, A 99:821 (TROM); 99:825 (TROM); 99:827 (TROM); 99:834 (TROM); 99: 855B (TROM); 13:082 (MAF; TROM); 13:086 (TROM); 13:087 (TROM); on exposed rocks on the southern summit, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-69.77906&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-51.076443" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -69.77906/lat -51.076443)">Elvebakk</a>, A. 99:882 (TROM); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-69.77906&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-51.076443" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -69.77906/lat -51.076443)">Parque Nacional Pali-Aike</a>, 0.5 km E of Laguna Ana, 51 ° 04’35.2”S, 69 ° 46’44.6”W, 130 m, in steppe, 26 Nov 2000, Elvebakk, A. 00:816 (TROM).</p> <p>Xanthoparmelia tehuelchorum is very common along the whole eastern sector of Magallanes from Pali-Aike northwards to Sierra Baguales, as indicated by the 31 herbarium samples reported here. It is probably also a very common species in the lichenologically poorly investigated province of Santa Cruz in Argentina, although only one herbarium specimen has been seen from this area. This is the only known fertile yellow-green Xanthoparmelia in the study area. The species grows with X. austrosorediata and Flavoparmelia gerlachei on exposed siliceous rocks in the Patagonian steppes and in neighbouring more or less unforested areas. The species is a fertile counterpart of the sorediate X. austrosorediata, which it grows together with. Morphologically, it is most similar to the more northern and fertile species X. hypomelaena (Hale) Hale, which is more adnate, has more narrow ascospores and fumarprotocetraric acid as its diagnostic secondary compound. Apart from X. austrosorediata only two other yellow Xanthoparmelia species from South America contain protocetraric acid, one is isidiate and one is subcrustose and sorediate (Nash et al. 1995), and no other species elsewhere have been found to be conspecific with the present species, a conclusion agreed to by J.A. Elix after examining one specimen (pers. comm., 2008).</p> <p>FIGURE. Xanthoparmelia tehuelchorum (Elvebakk 13:086) photographed at Morro Chico.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E9B86AA1752B7EFF2FF914FB92F94C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Elvebakk, A.;Bjerke, J. W.;Støvern, L. E.	Elvebakk, A., Bjerke, J. W., Støvern, L. E. (2014): Parmelioid lichens (Parmeliaceae) in southernmost South America. Phytotaxa 173 (1): 1-30, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.173.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.173.1.1
03E9B86AA1732B7EFF2FF933FDD1F8D7.text	03E9B86AA1732B7EFF2FF933FDD1F8D7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Xanthoparmelia ulcerosa (Zahlbr.) Hale 1974	<div><p>X. ulcerosa (Zahlbr.) Hale (1974: 490)</p> <p>Reported from Santa Cruz by Nash et al. (1995).</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E9B86AA1732B7EFF2FF933FDD1F8D7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Elvebakk, A.;Bjerke, J. W.;Støvern, L. E.	Elvebakk, A., Bjerke, J. W., Støvern, L. E. (2014): Parmelioid lichens (Parmeliaceae) in southernmost South America. Phytotaxa 173 (1): 1-30, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.173.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.173.1.1
03E9B86AA1732B7FFF2FF887FD79FDED.text	03E9B86AA1732B7FFF2FF887FD79FDED.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Xanthoparmelia wrightiana Nash, Elix & Johnston 1987	<div><p>X. wrightiana Nash, Elix &amp; Johnston (1987: 290)</p> <p>Grows together with X. subplittii in central parts of Torres del Paine National Park in Magallanes. One of the examined specimens was identified by J. A. Elix (pers. comm., 2008). The species has previously been reported from Mendoza in central Argentina and northwards to Bolivia and Brazil (Nash et al. 1995) and is here reported from southernmost South America for the first time. The samples contain stictic, norstictic, constictic and cryptostictic acids.</p> <p>Specimens examined: CHILE. XII REGIÓN DE MAGALLANES: Parque Nacional Torres del Paine, 1.5 km N of E end of <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-72.933334&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-51.05" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -72.933334/lat -51.05)">Lago Sarmiento Chico</a>, 51 ° 03’S, 72 ° 56’W, 150−200 m, on eroded, exposed rocks, 2 Nov 1995, Elvebakk, A. 95:438 (TROM); 1.5−2 km SE of Laguna de los <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-72.85&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-51.05" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -72.85/lat -51.05)">Cisnes</a>, 51 ° 03’S, 72 ° 51’W, 150 m, on an exposed rock slope weathered into small pieces, 3 Dec 1999, Elvebakk, A. 99:1049 (TROM); 99:1050a (TROM); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-72.8&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-50.99167" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -72.8/lat -50.99167)">1.5 km SW of Guardería Laguna Amarga</a>, 50 ° 59’30”S, 72 ° 48’W, 80 m, on an exposed gravelly ridge, associated with Xanthoparmelia imitatrix, 24 Jan 1996, Elvebakk, A. 96:111B (TROM); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-73.0&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-51.066666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -73.0/lat -51.066666)">Refugio Pehoe</a> , 100−200 m E of the northernmost bay, 51 ° 04’S, 73 ° 00’W, 100 m, on a N-facing rock slope in a steppe area, 12 Dec 1999, Elvebakk, A. 99:1315 (TROM); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-72.933334&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-51.05" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -72.933334/lat -51.05)">Lago Nordenskjöld</a> S, 1 km W of Mirador Lago Nordenskjöld, 51 ° 03’S, 72 ° 56’W, 250 m, on rocks, 1 Dec 2000, Elvebakk, A. 00:854 (SGO); 200 m S of <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-73.03333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-51.075" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -73.03333/lat -51.075)">Salto Grande</a>, W of the <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-73.03333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-51.075" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -73.03333/lat -51.075)">Pudeto</a> inlet, 51 ° 04’30”S, 73 ° 02’W, 70 m, on exposed rocks, 5 Dec 2000, Elvebakk, A. 00:923 (CANB); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-72.98333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-51.066666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -72.98333/lat -51.066666)">Laguna</a> Mellizas W, 51 ° 04’S, 72 ° 59’W, 100 m, on rock surfaces, partly over mosses in a S-facing steep slope, 3 Dec 2000, Elvebakk, A. 00:886 (TROM).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E9B86AA1732B7FFF2FF887FD79FDED	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Elvebakk, A.;Bjerke, J. W.;Støvern, L. E.	Elvebakk, A., Bjerke, J. W., Støvern, L. E. (2014): Parmelioid lichens (Parmeliaceae) in southernmost South America. Phytotaxa 173 (1): 1-30, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.173.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.173.1.1
03E9B86AA1722B7FFF2FFC06FB7CFBC2.text	03E9B86AA1722B7FFF2FFC06FB7CFBC2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Flavoparmelia soredians (Nyl.) Hale 1986	<div><p>Flavoparmelia soredians (Nyl.) Hale (1986: 605)</p> <p>Many localities of Hypotrachyna sinuosa were erroneously reported and mapped from Magallanes as Flavoparmelia soredians by Bjerke &amp; Elvebakk (1999). The latter species has a more northern distribution in Chile.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E9B86AA1722B7FFF2FFC06FB7CFBC2	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Elvebakk, A.;Bjerke, J. W.;Støvern, L. E.	Elvebakk, A., Bjerke, J. W., Støvern, L. E. (2014): Parmelioid lichens (Parmeliaceae) in southernmost South America. Phytotaxa 173 (1): 1-30, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.173.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.173.1.1
03E9B86AA1722B7FFF2FFAAAFA96F940.text	03E9B86AA1722B7FFF2FFAAAFA96F940.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Hypotrachyna flavovirens (Kurok.) Hale 1975	<div><p>Hypotrachyna flavovirens (Kurok.) Hale (1975: 37)</p> <p>Hypotrachyna flavovirens (Kurok.) Hale was described with its holotype from southernmost Chile near Hotel Río Rubens, 50 km S of Puerto Natales (Hale &amp; Kurokawa 1968). Hale (1975) found it to be morphologically, but not chemically, identical with H. sinuosa, and hypothesized that the species was the product of hybridization between the latter and an unknown progenitor. Calvelo &amp; Adler (2001), who reported eight collections of this species pair from Argentinian Tierra del Fuego and maintained the two entities as separate species, found traces of intermediate chemistry in parts of thalli. We have analyzed more than 20 samples and found all intermediates between the two major medullary chemotypes of protocetraric vs. norstictic and salazinic acids, and also found four samples with the deviating chemotype norstictic, stictic and constictic acids. Therefore, H. flavovirens is reduced to synonomy of H. sinuosa here.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E9B86AA1722B7FFF2FFAAAFA96F940	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Elvebakk, A.;Bjerke, J. W.;Støvern, L. E.	Elvebakk, A., Bjerke, J. W., Støvern, L. E. (2014): Parmelioid lichens (Parmeliaceae) in southernmost South America. Phytotaxa 173 (1): 1-30, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.173.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.173.1.1
03E9B86AA1722B7FFF2FFBB6FA0AFAA5.text	03E9B86AA1722B7FFF2FFBB6FA0AFAA5.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Imshaugia aleurites (Ach.) S. F. L. Mey. 1985	<div><p>Imshaugia aleurites (Ach.) S.F.L. Mey. (1985: 338)</p> <p>In addition to Parmeliopsis hyperopta, Calvelo &amp; Liberatore (2002) also listed P. pallescens (Neck.) Zahlbr., from Argentina, referring to its inclusion from Argentinian Tierra del Fuego by Grassi (1950), whose source was Räsänen (1932), both treating it as Parmelia pallescens (Neck.) Räs. However, P. pallescens is a synonym of Imshaugia aleurites (Santesson et al. 2004), and not Parmeliopsis hyperopta, although listed as such by Räsänen (1932). His inclusion of the character ‘soredia semisphaeroidea’ indicates that the species in question is P. hyperopta, which has been confirmed by us by a study of the reported collection at S. Thus, Imshaugia aleurites remains unknown from South America.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E9B86AA1722B7FFF2FFBB6FA0AFAA5	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Elvebakk, A.;Bjerke, J. W.;Støvern, L. E.	Elvebakk, A., Bjerke, J. W., Støvern, L. E. (2014): Parmelioid lichens (Parmeliaceae) in southernmost South America. Phytotaxa 173 (1): 1-30, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.173.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.173.1.1
03E9B86AA1722B7FFF2FF934FE8DF8B0.text	03E9B86AA1722B7FFF2FF934FE8DF8B0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Melanelixia subaurifera (Nyl.) O. Blanco, A. Crespo, Elix, D. Hawksw. & Lumbsch 2004	<div><p>Melanelixia subaurifera (Nyl.) O. Blanco, A. Crespo, Elix, D. Hawksw. &amp; Lumbsch (2004a: 882)</p> <p>Melanelixia subaurifera reported from Isla Navarino, Chile, by Redón &amp; Quilhot (1977) probably refers to M. subglabra.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E9B86AA1722B7FFF2FF934FE8DF8B0	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Elvebakk, A.;Bjerke, J. W.;Støvern, L. E.	Elvebakk, A., Bjerke, J. W., Støvern, L. E. (2014): Parmelioid lichens (Parmeliaceae) in southernmost South America. Phytotaxa 173 (1): 1-30, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.173.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.173.1.1
03E9B86AA1722B7FFF2FF8A4FAF9F7E8.text	03E9B86AA1722B7FFF2FF8A4FAF9F7E8.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Melanohalea olivacea	<div><p>Melanohalea olivacea (L.) O. Blanco et al. (2004a: 883)</p> <p>Melanohalea olivacea had some unreliable reports from Argentina from the older literature cited by Grassi (1950). However, it was reported again from Tierra del Fuego as new to Argentina by Calvelo &amp; Liberatore (2002). Esslinger (1977) did not recognize this very distinct species from the Southern Hemisphere in his monograph, and the species is not accepted from southern South America here as long as no studied specimens have been documented and published.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E9B86AA1722B7FFF2FF8A4FAF9F7E8	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Elvebakk, A.;Bjerke, J. W.;Støvern, L. E.	Elvebakk, A., Bjerke, J. W., Støvern, L. E. (2014): Parmelioid lichens (Parmeliaceae) in southernmost South America. Phytotaxa 173 (1): 1-30, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.173.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.173.1.1
03E9B86AA1712B7CFF2FFF4BFDADFE64.text	03E9B86AA1712B7CFF2FFF4BFDADFE64.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Notoparmelia tenuirima	<div><p>Notoparmelia tenuirima (Hook. f. &amp; Taylor) A. Crespo, Ferencova &amp; Divakar (in Ferencova et al. 2014: 63)</p> <p>Accepted for Argentina by Calvelo &amp; Libertore (2002) based on the inclusion by Grassi (1950) from the Falkland Islands, from where it was reported by Zahlbruckner (1917), as “ Parmelia tenuirimis Tayl. (Syn.: Parmelia reticulata Tayl.)”. Hale (1987a) and Ferencova et al. (2014), however, only cited N. tenuirima from Australia and New Zealand, and the former cited it to be the species with the broadest lobes of any species in Parmelia s. str., now including also Notoparmelia. The citation of Parmotrema reticulatum as a synonym by Zahlbruckner (1917) makes us believe that the report refers to the latter species.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E9B86AA1712B7CFF2FFF4BFDADFE64	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Elvebakk, A.;Bjerke, J. W.;Støvern, L. E.	Elvebakk, A., Bjerke, J. W., Støvern, L. E. (2014): Parmelioid lichens (Parmeliaceae) in southernmost South America. Phytotaxa 173 (1): 1-30, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.173.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.173.1.1
03E9B86AA1712B7CFF2FFE6BFE13FD9C.text	03E9B86AA1712B7CFF2FFE6BFE13FD9C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Parmelia fuegiensis Dodge 1966	<div><p>Parmelia fuegiensis Dodge (1966: 346)</p> <p>Described as new to science as Parmelia (‘Xanthoparmelia’) fuegiensis from ” Chile, Tierra del Fuego, Mt. Dorothea”. This probably refers to Cerro Dorothea, which is situated near Puerto Natales in Chile far from Tierra del Fuego. The taxon is a Flavoparmelia according to also Hale &amp; DePriest (1999), which in the area should be F. gerlachei (Zahlbr.) Hale.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E9B86AA1712B7CFF2FFE6BFE13FD9C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Elvebakk, A.;Bjerke, J. W.;Støvern, L. E.	Elvebakk, A., Bjerke, J. W., Støvern, L. E. (2014): Parmelioid lichens (Parmeliaceae) in southernmost South America. Phytotaxa 173 (1): 1-30, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.173.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.173.1.1
03E9B86AA1712B7CFF2FFD42FECFFCE8.text	03E9B86AA1712B7CFF2FFD42FECFFCE8.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Parmelia omphalodes	<div><p>P. omphalodes (L.) Ach. (1803: 204)</p> <p>Listed from Santa Cruz and the Falkland Islands by Calvelo &amp; Liberatore (2002), but not accepted from the Southern Hemisphere by Hale (1987a), nor by any other recent authority, nor included in the regional monograph by Stenroos (1991).</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E9B86AA1712B7CFF2FFD42FECFFCE8	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Elvebakk, A.;Bjerke, J. W.;Støvern, L. E.	Elvebakk, A., Bjerke, J. W., Støvern, L. E. (2014): Parmelioid lichens (Parmeliaceae) in southernmost South America. Phytotaxa 173 (1): 1-30, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.173.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.173.1.1
03E9B86AA1712B7CFF2FFC9EFAD1FC58.text	03E9B86AA1712B7CFF2FFC9EFAD1FC58.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Parmelia scholanderi Dodge 1966	<div><p>P. scholanderi Dodge (1966: 346)</p> <p>Parmelia (‘ Xanthoparmelia’) scholanderi was described as new to science based on material from Puerto Eden in northern Magallanes by Dogde (1966), but was reduced to synonymy with Hypotrachyna sinuosa by Hale &amp; DePriest (1999).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E9B86AA1712B7CFF2FFC9EFAD1FC58	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Elvebakk, A.;Bjerke, J. W.;Støvern, L. E.	Elvebakk, A., Bjerke, J. W., Støvern, L. E. (2014): Parmelioid lichens (Parmeliaceae) in southernmost South America. Phytotaxa 173 (1): 1-30, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.173.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.173.1.1
03E9B86AA1712B7CFF2FFC0FFB2EFB70.text	03E9B86AA1712B7CFF2FFC0FFB2EFB70.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Punctelia borreri (Sm.) Krog 1982	<div><p>Punctelia borreri (Sm.) Krog (1982: 291)</p> <p>Punctelia borreri was accepted for Argentina by Calvelo &amp; Liberatore (2002), referring to Grassi (1950), who cited Cotton (1915), as a source for its report from the Falkland Islands, as ‘ Parmelia borreri Turn. ’. We think this should not be accepted without a restudy of the specimen, given the fact that Stenroos (1991) in her regional monograph on Punctelia cited P. stictica to be the only Punctelia species in southernmost South America.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E9B86AA1712B7CFF2FFC0FFB2EFB70	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Elvebakk, A.;Bjerke, J. W.;Støvern, L. E.	Elvebakk, A., Bjerke, J. W., Støvern, L. E. (2014): Parmelioid lichens (Parmeliaceae) in southernmost South America. Phytotaxa 173 (1): 1-30, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.173.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.173.1.1
03E9B86AA1712B7CFF2FFB66FCB1FAE0.text	03E9B86AA1712B7CFF2FFB66FCB1FAE0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Punctelia microsticta (Mull. Arg.) Krog 1982	<div><p>P. microsticta (Müll. Arg.) Krog (1982: 291)</p> <p>Listed from Argentinian Tierra del Fuego by Calvelo &amp; Liberatore (2002). However, it was cited to have a more northern distribution in Argentina by Adler &amp; Calvelo (2010).</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E9B86AA1712B7CFF2FFB66FCB1FAE0	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Elvebakk, A.;Bjerke, J. W.;Støvern, L. E.	Elvebakk, A., Bjerke, J. W., Støvern, L. E. (2014): Parmelioid lichens (Parmeliaceae) in southernmost South America. Phytotaxa 173 (1): 1-30, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.173.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.173.1.1
03E9B86AA1712B7CFF2FFA97FCBEFA3D.text	03E9B86AA1712B7CFF2FFA97FCBEFA3D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Xanthoparmelia conspersa (Ach.) Hale 1974	<div><p>Xanthoparmelia conspersa (Ach.) Hale (1974: 485)</p> <p>Xanthoparmelia conspersa was listed from the Falkland Islands by Calvelo &amp; Liberatore (2002) and Adler &amp; Calvelo (2007), both referring to Nash et al. (1995). However, Nash et al. (1995) did not accept it from southern parts of South America, where instead other isidiate species occur.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E9B86AA1712B7CFF2FFA97FCBEFA3D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Elvebakk, A.;Bjerke, J. W.;Støvern, L. E.	Elvebakk, A., Bjerke, J. W., Støvern, L. E. (2014): Parmelioid lichens (Parmeliaceae) in southernmost South America. Phytotaxa 173 (1): 1-30, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.173.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.173.1.1
