taxonID	type	description	language	source
03E9B86AA1642B6CFF2FF9C6FCB3FD6A.taxon	description	FIGURE. Flavoparmelia gerlachei photographed at Morro Chico, Chile. FIGURE. Xanthoparmelia austrosorediata (left) and Flavoparmelia gerlachei (right) photographed at Morro Chico. Here, Flavoparmelia gerlachei is reported as fertile for the first time, and apothecia were found in the collections Elvebakk 13: 081 and 14: 030, collected c. 100 m apart on the southern side of Morro Chico (Fig. 4). The apothecia are scattered, substipitate, 1 − 2.5 mm across, and urn-shaped with concave chestnut-brown discs. The thalline excipuli are conspicuously broad, c. 0.5 mm as seen from above, and sorediate in all mature apothecia. The ascospores are short- ellipsoid with proper ascospores 6 − 8.5 × 12.5 − 14 µm, surrounded by perispores 6.5 − 9.5 × 13.5 − 15 µm. The perispore is 0.5 − 1 µm thick, smooth in immature spores, verruculose in at least some of mature spores. A single spore has an apical perispore extension. The spores are a bit shorter and the perispore thinner than generally cited for Flavoparmelia by Hale (1986;> 15 µm long and c. 2 µm thick, respectively). FIGURE. A fertile specimen of Flavoparmelia gerlachei (Elvebakk 13: 081) photographed at Morro Chico. It is striking that the apothecia have only been found in a site where the species obviously has its optimum, at the lowermost part of the cool, vertical basalt cliff, obviously strongly manured by dust, and where the lichen vegetation is strongly similar to the one of an Antarctic bird-cliff (Fig. 5). FIGURE. The S-facing basalt cliff wall of Morro Chico, dominated by Haematomma erythromma, Ramalina terebrata and Usnea acromelaena. Specimens examined: ARGENTINA. PROVINCIA DE TIERRA DEL FUEGO; Sierra Alvear, the southern slope, c. 650 m, on exposed rocks in the alpine region, 9 Feb 1940, Santesson, R. 884 (S); CHILE. XII REGIÓN DE MAGALLANES: Sierra Baguales, 1 km N of Estancia Las Tres Erres, 50 ° 45 ’ 39 ” S, 72 ° 24 ’ 52 ” W, on soft sandstones in a steppe landscape, 5 Dec 1999, Elvebakk, A. 99: 1156 (TROM); 14: 020 (TROM); 3 – 4 km S of Estancia Las Tres Erres, 50 ° 48 ’ S, 72 ° 25 ’ W, 250 m, rocks in a steppe landscape, 5 Dec 1999, Elvebakk, A. 99: 1162 (TROM); 1.3 km S of the junction between the roads towards Las Chimas and Las Cumbres, 50 ° 53 ’ S, 72 ° 23 ’ W, 2 − 300 m, on an erratic boulder in a steppe landscape, 5 Dec 1999, Elvebakk, A. 99: 1145 (TROM); Parque Nacional Torres del Paine, 1.5 km N of Laguna Blanquillos, on the most exposed parts of rock outcrops or exposed boulders, 1 Jan 2014, Elvebakk, A. 14: 014 (TROM); 14: 015 (TROM); 3 − 400 m SE of Laguna Los Flamencos, 51 ° 02 ’ S, 72 ° 48 ’ W. on the top of exposed boulders, 2 Dec 1999, Elvebakk, A. 99: 1013 (TROM); Lago Nordenskjöld S, 1 km W of the Miradór, 51 ° 02 ’ 30 ” S, 72 ° 56 ’ W, 70 m, on shaded rocks, 1 Dec 2000, Elvebakk, A. 00: 860 (TROM); 100 m N of Salto Grande, 51 ° 03 ’ 57.3 ” S, 73 ° 00 ’ 25.7 ” W, 80 m, on a light-exposed rock, 3 Dec 1999, Elvebakk, A. 99: 1022 (TROM); 1 km W of Guardería Lago Grey, 51 07 ’ 30 ” S, 73 10 ’ 30 ” W, 80 m, on light-exposed open rocks near the river, 4 Dec 1999, Elvebakk, A. 99: 1098 A (TROM); Morro Chico, on strongly dust-manured, vertical cliff, 30 Dec 2013, Elvebakk, A. 13: 074 (TROM); 13: 076 (TROM); 13: 081 (MAF; TROM); 28 Nov. 1999, Elvebakk, A. 99: 819 (TROM).	en	Elvebakk, A., Bjerke, J. W., Støvern, L. E. (2014): Parmelioid lichens (Parmeliaceae) in southernmost South America. Phytotaxa 173 (1): 1-30, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.173.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.173.1.1
03E9B86AA1612B6CFF2FFC12FCE2FA2E.taxon	materials_examined	This species was described with its type (S) from Mina Elena at Isla Riesco, Magallanes (Hale & Kurokawa 1968). The species was described as common in southernmost South America, a conclusion confirmed by our studies. All studied specimens contain atranorin and salazinic acids (majors), and norstictic acid (minor). Specimens examined: ARGENTINA. PROVINCIA DE TIERRA DEL FUEGO: Río Irigoyen, Stenroos, S. 2715 (H; immixed with, and filed below Menegazzia magellanica). CHILE. XII REGIÓN DE MAGALLANES: Parque Nacional Torres del Paine, 2 km N of Salto Grande, 51 ° 04 ’ S, 73 ° 01 ’ W, 80 m, on S-facing rocks and on bases of Berberis microphylla, 7 Dec 2000, Elvebakk, A. 00: 921 (TROM); Lago Pehoe NW, 500 m SE of Refugio y Camping Pehoe, 51 ° 04 ’ 30 ” S, 73 ° 07 ’ W, 80 m, on a log in a river gorge, 6 Jan 1998, Elvebakk, A. 98: 060 (TROM); Lago Pehoe E, at Camping Pehoe, 51 ° 07 ’ S, 73 ° 01 ’ W, on Nothofagus antarctica, Mar 1998, Elvebakk, A. 98: 343 & Bjerke, J. W. (TROM); Puerto Natales, Cerro Dorotea, on sandstone rocks, 9 May 1940, Santesson, R. 8246 a (S), Seno Skyring, N part, 3 km W of Puerto Altamirano, 52 ° 35 ’ S, 72 ° 06 ’ W, 30 m, on a fallen log of Nothofagus antarctica, 30 Nov 1999, Elvebakk, A. 99: 979 (TROM); Península Brunswick, Punta Arenas W, Río de las Minas, 100 m, on Nothofagus pumilio, 12 Mar 1992, Elvebakk, A. 92: 003; 21 Mar 1992, Elvebakk, A. 92: 082 (TROM).	en	Elvebakk, A., Bjerke, J. W., Støvern, L. E. (2014): Parmelioid lichens (Parmeliaceae) in southernmost South America. Phytotaxa 173 (1): 1-30, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.173.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.173.1.1
03E9B86AA1612B6DFF2FF9A1FE5FFD20.taxon	description	Specimens examined: CHILE. XI REGIÓN DE AYSÉN: Coyhaique, Coyhaique Bajo, Baquedano, on a boulder in a field with scattered Nothofagus antarctica, 14 Jun 1940, Santesson, R. 8423 (S); XII REGIÓN DE MAGALLANES: Parque Nacional Torres del Paine, 2 km NE of E end of Lago Sarmiento Chico, 51 ° 03 ’ S, 72 ° 55 ’ W, 250 m, on rocks, Nov 1995, Elvebakk, A. 95: 454 (SGO); Laguna Mellizas E, 51 ° 04 ’ 30 ” S, 72 ° 58 ’ W, 100 m, on protected rock surface, 1 Dec 2000, Elvebakk, A. 00: 883 (TROM); 1.5 km NW of Guardería Lago Grey, 51 ° 07 ’ 30 ” S, 71 ° 10 ’ 30 ” W, 80 m, on a steep south-facing cliff wall, 4 Dec 1999, Elvebakk, A. 99: 1089 (TROM); Pudeto, 300 m W of the northernmost inlet, 51 ° 04 ’ S, 73 ° 01 ’ W, 100 m, on a south facing rock surface in Mulinum spinosum shrubland, 11 Dec 1999, Elvebakk, A. 99: 1304 (TROM); 1.5 km N of Salto Grande, 51 ° 03 ’ 30 ” S, 73 ° 02 ’ W, 80 m, on rocks, 7 Dec 1995, Elvebakk, A. 95: 511 (TROM); Lago del Toro (L. Maravilla), Estancia Río Paine, on exposed rocks above the river, 15 Mar 1941, Santesson, R. 6591 (S); 6592 (S); on exposed rocks, 14 Mar 1941, Santesson, R. 6498 (S); on stony ground in an open Nothofagus antarctica forest, 16 Mar 1941, Santesson, R. 6478 (S); Puerto Natales, Cerro Dorotea, on sandstone rocks, 9 May 1940, Santesson, R. 8244 (S).	en	Elvebakk, A., Bjerke, J. W., Støvern, L. E. (2014): Parmelioid lichens (Parmeliaceae) in southernmost South America. Phytotaxa 173 (1): 1-30, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.173.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.173.1.1
03E9B86AA1602B6DFF2FFCD6FA01FBEC.taxon	description	Specimen examined: CHILE. XII REGIÓN DE MAGALLANES: Parque Nacional Torres del Paine, between Lago Grey and Lago Pehoe, 200 m S of ‘ elevation 269 ’, 51 ° 06 ’ S, 73 ° 09 ’ W, 150 m, on a vertical, north-facing cliff wall, ass. with Parmotrema reticulata and Normandina pulchella, 11 Mar 1998, Elvebakk, A. 98: 472 & Bjerke, J. W. (TROM, SGO).	en	Elvebakk, A., Bjerke, J. W., Støvern, L. E. (2014): Parmelioid lichens (Parmeliaceae) in southernmost South America. Phytotaxa 173 (1): 1-30, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.173.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.173.1.1
03E9B86AA1602B6DFF2FF9B6FF7FF868.taxon	description	Specimen examined: CHILE. XII REGIÓN DE MAGALLANES: Parque Nacional Torres del Paine, 1 km W of Guardería Lago Grey, 51 ° 07 ’ 30 ” S, 73 ° 10 ’ 30 ” W, 80 m, on a south-facing rock wall, 4 Dec 1999, Elvebakk, A. 99: 1075 (TROM).	en	Elvebakk, A., Bjerke, J. W., Støvern, L. E. (2014): Parmelioid lichens (Parmeliaceae) in southernmost South America. Phytotaxa 173 (1): 1-30, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.173.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.173.1.1
03E9B86AA16F2B62FF2FFF4AFF7CFE64.taxon	description	Specimen examined: CHILE. XII REGIÓN DE MAGALLANES: Parque Nacional Torres del Paine, Lago del Toro (L. Maravilla), Estancia Río Paine, on stony ground in an open Nothofagus antarctica forest, 16 Mar 1941, Santesson, R. 6478 (S).	en	Elvebakk, A., Bjerke, J. W., Støvern, L. E. (2014): Parmelioid lichens (Parmeliaceae) in southernmost South America. Phytotaxa 173 (1): 1-30, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.173.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.173.1.1
03E9B86AA16F2B62FF2FFB03FA84F9C0.taxon	description	Specimens examined: CHILE. XII REGIÓN DE MAGALLANES: Parque Nacional Pali-Aike, near Cueva de Pali- Aike, 52 ° 05 ’ S, 69 ° 47 ’ W, 200 m, on volcanic rocks in a steppe landscape, Elvebakk, A. 00: 757 (TROM); Morro Chico, 52 ° 03 ’ 24 ” S, 71 ° 25 ’ 25 ” W, 150 m, on basaltic rocks, 30 Dec 2014, Elvebakk, A. 13: 085 (MAF; TROM).	en	Elvebakk, A., Bjerke, J. W., Støvern, L. E. (2014): Parmelioid lichens (Parmeliaceae) in southernmost South America. Phytotaxa 173 (1): 1-30, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.173.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.173.1.1
03E9B86AA16F2B63FF2FF9B7FD93FED0.taxon	materials_examined	Selected specimens examined: ARGENTINA. TIERRA DEL FUEGO:. km W of Ushuaia, semishaded Nothofagus forest, 54 ° 49 ’ S, 68 ° 22 ’ W, Imshaug, H. 55160 & Ohlsson (S); Ushuaia, 8 May 1896, Dusén, P. (S); Fiordo de Agostini, 22 Feb 1929, Räsänen, V. (S). CHILE. XII REGIÓN DE MAGALLANES: Parque Nacional Torres del Paine, 1 km W of the base of the E slope of Cerro Donoso, 51 ° 15 ’ S, 73 ° 08 ’ W, 70 m, on Nothofagus betuloides in a forest margin, Nov 1995, A. Elvebakk 95: 257 (TROM); near Refugio Zapata, 51 ° 05 ’ S, 73 ° 16 ’ W, 200 m, on Nothofagus betuloides, 28 Feb 1998, Elvebakk, A. 98: 258 (TROM); Bjerke, J. W. 253 / 98 (UV).	en	Elvebakk, A., Bjerke, J. W., Støvern, L. E. (2014): Parmelioid lichens (Parmeliaceae) in southernmost South America. Phytotaxa 173 (1): 1-30, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.173.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.173.1.1
03E9B86AA16E2B60FF2FF97FFDEFFD78.taxon	description	Specimens examined: ARGENTINA. TIERRA DEL FUEGO: Ushuaia, Rio Pipo (Rio Alej), on Nothofagus antarctica in a swamp in a Nothofagus pumilio forest, 23 Jan 1940, Santesson, R. 430 (S); Ushuaia. In truncis frutesc., 5 May 1896, Dusén, P. 246 (S); Valle Lasifashaj (Larsiparchie), Las Cotorras (about 20 km ENE of Ushuaia), c. 650 m, on Nothofagus pumilio in a Nothofagus pumilio forest, on lignum, 10 Nov 1940, Santesson, R. 877 (S); Canal Beagle, Lapataia, east of Río Roca, on a decaying Nothofagus pumilio trunk. Santesson, R. (S); Fuegia Media, Estancia Carmen, Puesto Millaldeo, 16 Jan 1929, Roviainen, H. (S); CHILE. XII REGIÓN DE MAGALLANES: Rio Rubens, near Hotel Río Rubens, on Nothofagus antarctica in a Nothofagus antarctica forest, 19 Jan 1941, Santesson, R. 5580 a, b. (S); 5581 (S); Morro Chico, on the NE side of the gorge across the volcano, 52 ° 03.47 ’ S, 71 ° 25.03 ’ W, 233 m, on an old and eroded trunk of Nothofagus antarctica lying on the ground between Festuca gracillima tussocks, 3 Jan 2014, Elvebakk, A. 14: 034 (MAF, TROM); Punta Arenas, 16 Dec 1895, Dusén, P. 56 (S); Tres Puentes, on the ground in a Nothofagus betuloides forest, 24 Apr 1940, Santesson, R. 1876 (S); Cerros Mina Rica, 450 ─ 500 m, on Nothofagus pumilio in a Nothofagus pumilio forest, 24 Dec 1940, Santesson, R. 5261 (S); Parque Nacional Torres del Paine, Chorillo de Salmones, 100 m, on a fallen, very old decorticated log of Nothofagus pumilio, 73 ° 12 ’ W, 51 ° 06 ’ 30 ” S, 4 Dec 1999, Elvebakk, A. 99: 1124 (TROM).	en	Elvebakk, A., Bjerke, J. W., Støvern, L. E. (2014): Parmelioid lichens (Parmeliaceae) in southernmost South America. Phytotaxa 173 (1): 1-30, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.173.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.173.1.1
03E9B86AA16D2B60FF2FFC9EFEA5FAE0.taxon	description	Specimens examined: CHILE. XII REGIÓN DE MAGALLANES: Parque Nacional Torres del Paine, 300 m E of Camping Pehoe, 51 ° 07 ’ S, 73 ° 00 ’ W, 80 m, on Nothofagus sp., 12 Mar 1998, Bjerke, J. W. 159 / 98 (TROM); 0.5 km NW of Guardería Laguna Amarga. 50 ° 59 ’ S, 72 ° 47 ’ W, 80 m, on cortex of Nothofagus antarctica in a SW facing slope near the river, 27 Nov 1996, Elvebakk, A. 96: 521 (TROM); 500 m N of the western lake of Lagunas Mellizas, 51 ° 03 ’ 30 ” S, 72 ° 59 ’ W, 100 m, very large specimens on rock surfaces in an open forest in a S-facing slope, 3 Dec 2000, Elvebakk, A. 00: 900 (TROM); 00: 904 (TROM); Pudeto, 300 m W of the northernmost inlet, 51 ° 04 ’ S, 73 ° 01 ’ W, 100 m, on a S-facing rock surface in Mulinum spinosum shrubland, 11 Dec 1999, Elvebakk, A. 99: 1303 (TROM); Camping Pehoe, E side of Lago Pehoe, 51 ° 07 ’ S, 73 ° 01 ’ W, 70 m, on trunks of Nothofagus antarctica, 10 Mar 1998, Elvebakk, A. 98: 459 & Bjerke, J. W. (TROM).	en	Elvebakk, A., Bjerke, J. W., Støvern, L. E. (2014): Parmelioid lichens (Parmeliaceae) in southernmost South America. Phytotaxa 173 (1): 1-30, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.173.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.173.1.1
03E9B86AA16C2B67FF2FFEA3FAAEFE02.taxon	description	MycoBank # 808978 (Figs. 3, 6 − 7)	en	Elvebakk, A., Bjerke, J. W., Støvern, L. E. (2014): Parmelioid lichens (Parmeliaceae) in southernmost South America. Phytotaxa 173 (1): 1-30, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.173.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.173.1.1
03E9B86AA16C2B67FF2FFEA3FAAEFE02.taxon	materials_examined	Type: — CHILE: XII Región de Magallanes y de la Antártica Chilena: Provincia Magallanes, Morro Chico, SW part, 52 ° 03 ’ S, 71 ° 28 ’ W, 200 m, on exposed basaltic rocks in a W-facing boulder slope, 28 Nov 1999, Elvebakk, A. 99: 780 (holotype SGO, isotypes BM, NY, S, TROM). Morphologically, anatomically and chemically identical to X. tehuelchorum except in the following characters: Soralia common, capitate, 2 − 8 mm diam., composed of single soredia 0.1 − 0.2 mm diam, fluffy and partly conglutinated. Apothecia very rare, 0.5 − 1 mm diam, thalline excipulum margin often sorediate, ascospores short-ellipsoid and 5 − 7 × 8 − 12 µm diam. Etymology: Named after its conspicuous soralia and its distinctly southern distribution. Additional specimens examined: ARGENTINA. PROVINCIA DE TIERRA DEL FUEGO: Ushuaia, on a small island in the Beagle Channel off the town, on rocks near the sea-shore, 30 Jan 1940, Santesson, R. 534 (S); PROVINCIA DE SANTA CRUZ: Puerto Deseado, on exposed rocks near the sea-shore, 12 Jan 1940, Santesson, R. 238 (S). FIGURE. Xanthoparmelia austropatagonica (Elvebakk 13: 083) to the right together with X. tehuelchorum (Elvebakk 13: 082), photographed at Morro Chico. CHILE. XII REGIÓN DE MAGALLANES: Sierra Baguales, 1.3 km S of the junction between the roads towards Las Chinas and Las Cumbres, 50 ° 52 ’ 40 ” S, 72 ° 23 ’ 06 ” W, 2 − 300 m, on the vertical surface of an erratic boulder, 5 Dec 1999, Elvebakk, A. 99: 1137 (TROM); Parque Nacional Torres del Paine, 200 m S of Salto Grande, W of the Pudeto inlet, 51 ° 03 ’ 30 ” S, 73 ° 01 ’ W, 70 m, on exposed rocks, 5 Dec 2000, Elvebakk, A. 00: 922 (TROM); Refugio Pudeto, E side of the northernmost bay, 51 ° 04 ’ S, 73 ° 01 ’ W, 70 m, on rocks, 11 Dec 1999, Elvebakk, A. 99: 1274 (TROM); 4 km ENE of Salto Grande, 4 − 500 m W of ‘ altitude 222 ’, 51 ° 03 ’ 30 ” S, 72 ° 57 ’ W, 100 m, on rocks, 11 Dec 1999, Elvebakk, A. 99: 993 B (TROM); 100 m N of Salto Grande, 51 ° 03 ’ 57.3 ” S, 73 ° 00 ’ 25.7 ” W, 80 m, on a light-exposed rock, 3 Dec 1999, Elvebakk, A. 99: 1023 (LE); 1.5 km N of N end of Lago Sarmiento Chico, 51 ° 03 ’ S, 72 ° 56 ’ W, 150 m, on rocks, Nov 1995, Elvebakk, A. 95: 424 (LE); Lago Grey S, 1 km N of Guardería Lago Grey, 51 ° 07 ’ 30 ” S, 73 ° 10 ’ 30 ” W, 70 m, on a vertical, N-facing cliff wall, 8 Dec 2000, Elvebakk, A. 00: 946 (TROM); Lago Pehoe NW, 3 − 500 m SE of Refugio Pehoe, 51 ° 04 ’ 30 ” S, 73 ° 07 ’ W, 70 m, on rocks on an exposed ridge, 11 Dec 1999, Elvebakk, A. 99: 1239 (TROM); Lagunas Mellizas E, 51 ° 04 ’ 30 ” S, 72 ° 58 ’ W, 100 m, on exposed rock, 1 Dec 2000, Elvebakk, A. 00: 879 (TROM); 1.5 km SW of Guardería Laguna Amarga, 50 ° 59 ’ 30 ” S, 72 ° 48 ’ W, 80 m, on an exposed gravelly ridge, 24 Jan 1996, Elvebakk, A. 96: 111 A (TROM); Lago Sarmiento E, Baño Viejo, 50 ° 56 ’ S, 72 ° 34 ’ W, 70 m, sun-exposed rock in the steppe, 7 Dec 2000, Elvebakk, A. 00: 934 (TROM); Lago del Toro (L. Maravilla), Estancia Río Paine, on exposed rocks, 14 Mar 1941, Santesson, R. 6495 (S); Seno Skyring, Ea. Río Verde, 3 km W of Maria Felicinda, 52 ° 26 ’ S, 71 ° 22 ’ W, 2 m, on the E side of supralittoral rocks, 30 Nov 1999, Elvebakk, A. 99: 944 (TROM); Seno Otway area, 2 km NE of Punta Espolón, 52 ° 47 ’ S, 71 ° 12 ’ W, 5 m, on an erratic rock of andesite, 30 Nov 1999, Elvebakk, A. 99: 907 (TROM); Elvebakk, A. 99: 911 (CANB); 20 m, on erratic rocks in heathlands, Elvebakk, A. 99: 928 (TROM); 1 km S of Carpa Manzana, 50 ° 36 ’ 40 ” S, 71 ° 09 ’ 07 ” W, 50 m, on a small erratic boulder, 6 Dec 1999, Elvebakk, A. 99: 110 (TROM); Morro Chico, 52 ° 03 ’ S, 71 ° 28 ’ W, common on wind-exposed basaltic rocks, 28 Nov 1999, Elvebakk, A. 99: 822 C; 99: 835; 99: 840; 99: 835; 99: 880; 99: 881 (TROM); 30 Dec 2013 Elvebakk, A. 13: 075 (TROM); 13: 077 (TROM); 13: 083 (MAF; TROM); Kampen-Aike, 1 km NW of E end of Laguna Cabeza del Mar, 52 ° 42 ’ S, 70 ° 53 ’ W, 30 m, on a single granitic erratic boulder, 25 Nov 1999, Elvebakk, A. 99: 722 (TROM); Parque Nacional Pali-Aike, 2 − 3 km E of Laguna Ana, 52 ° 04 ’ S, 69 ° 44 ’ W, 250 m, on rocks, 16 Oct 2000, Elvebakk, A. 00: 815 (TROM); 00: 992 (TROM); Tierra del Fuego, Porvenir, in dry Empetrum rubrum heath, 27 Dec 1940, Santesson, R. 6901 (S). This species is common all along the eastern and dry part of the Chilean region of Magallanes, as indicated by the 31 collections from Magallanes cited here. It is probably also common in adjacent parts of Argentina, although only two collections have been available for this study. The species grows together with its fertile counterpart, X. tehuelchorum, and is associated also with Flavoparmelia gerlachei, although the latter occupy the most exposed parts of rock outcrops and boulders. It is astonishing that these two large Xanthoparmelia species have not been described previously, and the only explanation is that their distribution is distinctly southern. The Argentinian province of Santa Cruz is almost unknown lichenologically, and further to the south, lichenologists have focused on the humid coastal forests, and neglected the southernmost steppes. FIGURE. Xanthoparmelia austrosorediatum, HOLOTYPE. Scale bar = 1 cm.	en	Elvebakk, A., Bjerke, J. W., Støvern, L. E. (2014): Parmelioid lichens (Parmeliaceae) in southernmost South America. Phytotaxa 173 (1): 1-30, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.173.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.173.1.1
03E9B86AA16C2B67FF2FFEA3FAAEFE02.taxon	description	Xanthoparmelia austrosorediatum can be mistaken for Flavoparmelia gerlachei. However, their lobe margins and outlines are different as shown below F. gerlachei, and in Fig. 3. The chemistry is constant, and the 24 specimens which have been studied by TLC all have protocetraric and usnic acids as major compounds. Apothecia are very rare, and were present only in two of the studied collections (Elvebakk 99: 881 and 99: 907). They are 1 − 1.5 mm wide, and many of the apothecia have sorediate thalline excipulae. The ascospores are of a typical Xanthoparmelia type, short-ellipsoid and only 5 − 7 × 8 − 12 µm in size, and shorter than those of F. lgerlachei which measure 6 − 8.5 × 12.5 − 14 µm, with a thin perispore in addition. Their few apothecia available for study probably explains the slight deviation in spore size as compared with X. tehuelchorum. In their Xanthoparmelia monograph, Nash et al. (1995) stated that quite a number of the species ‘ become darker (to almost blackish) in the older central parts with age’. In species such as X. mougeotii, skottsbergiana and X. submougeotii this is apparently due to pigmentation patterns. However, in X. tehuelchorum and X. austrosorediata a similar decoloration in practically all specimens is instead caused by a network of strange hyphae of conidia-like cells on the surface of the lichen. These hyphae belong to a lichenicolous fungus now under study by Zhurbenko (2013, pers. comm.).	en	Elvebakk, A., Bjerke, J. W., Støvern, L. E. (2014): Parmelioid lichens (Parmeliaceae) in southernmost South America. Phytotaxa 173 (1): 1-30, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.173.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.173.1.1
03E9B86AA16A2B67FF2FFDF6FA16F976.taxon	description	According to our experience, X. delisei is locally very common in the steppe areas and drier parts of the forested areas of the National Park Torres del Paine in Magallanes. A total of 20 collections are cited here from this area, in addition to a single collection from another part of the region. The species varies from having long, diverging and very discrete lobes, to being more compact, and then with narrower lobes and smaller apothecia than X. imitatrix, which it most often can be confused with. However, their chemistry is distinct and all our studied specimens of X. delisei contain perlatolic, glomelliferic, and glomellic acids as well as a forth unidentified substance. This is the only species from our study area with this distinct chemosyndrome, whereas the other four species with this chemosyndrome treated by Esslinger (1977) are isidiate. Specimens examined: CHILE. XII REGIÓN DE MAGALLANES: Parque Nacional Torres del Paine, 500 m N of the western lake of Lagunas Mellizas, 51 ° 03 ’ 30 ” S, 72 ° 59 ’ W, 150 m, on a non-forested exposed hill, 3 Dec 2000, Elvebakk, A. 00: 906 (TROM); Lagunas Mellizas E, 51 ° 04 ’ 30 ” S, 72 ° 58 ’ W, 100 m, on rocks, 1 Dec 2000, Elvebakk, A. 00: 872 (TROM); Pudeto, 400 m E of the easternmost lake of Lagunas Mellizas, 51 ° 03 ’ 30 ” S, 72 ° 58 ’ W, 80 m, on strongly exposed outcrop 50 m N of the road, locally common, 3 Dec 1999, Elvebakk, A. 99: 1029 (TROM); 99: 1030 (TROM); 99: 1031 (TROM); 14: 004 (MAF, TROM); 200 m S of Salto Grande, W of the Pudeto inlet, 51 ° 03 ’ 30 ” S, 73 ° 01 ’ W, 70 m, 5 Dec 2000, Elvebakk, A. 00: 924 (TROM); 00: 932 (TROM); 500 m W of Laguna Los Flamencos, 51 ° 01 ’ 30 ” S, 72 ° 50 ’ W, 250 − 300 m, on pebbles on an exposed, dry ridge, 2 Dec 1999, Elvebakk, A. 99: 999 (SGO); 99: 1000 (TROM); 200 m S of Salto Grande, W of the Pudeto inlet, 51 ° 03 ’ 30 ” S, 73 ° 01 ’ W, 70 m, 5 Dec 2000, Elvebakk, A. 00: 930 (TROM); Lago Nordenskjöld S, 1 km W of Mirador Lago Nordenskjöld, 51 ° 03 ’ S, 72 ° 56 ’ W, 250 m, on exposed rocks, 1 Dec 2000, Elvebakk, A. 00: 855 (TROM); Lago Pehoe NW, 3 − 500 m SE of Refugio & Camping Pehoe, 51 ° 04 ’ 30 ” S, 73 ° 07 ’ W, 70 m, on rocks on an exposed ridge near the lake, 11 Dec 1999, Elvebakk, A. 99: 1247 (TROM); 99: 1248 (TROM); 2 km N of E end of Lago Sarmiento Chico, 51 ° 03 ’ S, 72 ° 56 ’ W, 250 m, on rocks, 2 Jan 1998, Elvebakk, A. 98: 018 (TROM); 2.5 km E of Laguna Blanquillos, 51 ° 00 ’ 34,9 ” S, 72 ° 51 ’ 35,8 ” W, 110 m, on rocks, 2 Dec 1999, Elvebakk, A. 99: 994 (TROM); 99: 995 (TROM); 99: 998 A (TROM); 99: 998 B (TROM); 0.5 km E of Refugio & Camping Pehoe, 500 m NE of the river and 500 m SE of Lago Skottsberg, 51 ° 04 ’ S, 73 ° 07 ’ W, 110 m, on an erratic granitic boulder, 11 Dec 1999, Elvebakk, A. 99: 1252 (TROM); Seno Skyring, Estancia Río Verde, 3 km W of Maria Felicinda, 52 ° 26 ’ S, 71 ° 22 ’ W, 2 m, on the E sides of supralittoral rocks, 30 Nov 1999, Elvebakk, A. 99: 943 (TROM).	en	Elvebakk, A., Bjerke, J. W., Støvern, L. E. (2014): Parmelioid lichens (Parmeliaceae) in southernmost South America. Phytotaxa 173 (1): 1-30, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.173.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.173.1.1
03E9B86AA16A2B67FF2FF965FCE2F7D8.taxon	description	Specimens examined: CHILE. XII REGIÓN DE MAGALLANES: Parque Nacional Torres del Paine, 5 − 600 m W of the S end of Lago Skottsberg, 51 ° 04 ’ S, 73 ° 07 ’ W, 150 m, on erratic boulders, 11 Dec 1999, Elvebakk, A. 99: 1250 A (TROM); Puerto Natales, 8 − 9 km S of the town, along the main road, 51 ° 41 ’ 35,0 ” S, 72 ° 23 ’ 16,3 ”, W, 50 − 100 m, on a small erratic rock of granite, 6 Dec 1999, Elvebakk, A, 99: 1176 (TROM); 99: 1180 (TROM); Seno Skyring, 3 − 4 km W of Estancia Maria Felicinda / Ea. Río Verde, 52 ° 26 ’ S, 71 ° 22 ’ W, 2 m, on seashore rocks, on E-facing sides, 30 Nov 1999, Elvebakk, A. 99: 994 (TROM); 99: 947 (TROM); 99: 949 (TROM).	en	Elvebakk, A., Bjerke, J. W., Støvern, L. E. (2014): Parmelioid lichens (Parmeliaceae) in southernmost South America. Phytotaxa 173 (1): 1-30, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.173.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.173.1.1
03E9B86AA1692B64FF2FFF4AFE51FE40.taxon	description	Specimens examined: CHILE. XII REGIÓN DE MAGALLANES: Parque Nacional Torres del Paine: 1.5 km N of N end of Laguna Sarmiento Chico, 51 ° 03 ’ S, 72 ° 56 ’ W, 150 m, on rocks, ass. with Xanthoparmelia mougeotii, Nov 1995, Elvebakk, A. 95: 423 (TROM).	en	Elvebakk, A., Bjerke, J. W., Støvern, L. E. (2014): Parmelioid lichens (Parmeliaceae) in southernmost South America. Phytotaxa 173 (1): 1-30, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.173.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.173.1.1
03E9B86AA1692B64FF2FFE36FC1CFA50.taxon	description	Specimens examined: CHILE. XII REGIÓN DE MAGALLANES: Sierra Baguales, 1.3 km S of the junction between the roads leading to Las Chinas and Las Cumbres, 50 ° 52 ’ 39.9 ” S, 72 ° 23 ’ 06.1 ” W, 2 – 300 m, exposed erratic boulders, ass. with Rhizoplaca melanophthalma, 5 Dec 1999, Elvebakk, A. 99: 1138 (TROM); 99: 1139 (TROM); Parque Nacional Torres del Paine, 500 m W of Laguna Los Flamencos, 51 ° 01 ’ 30 ” S, 72 ° 50 ’ W, 250 − 300 m, on pebbles of an exposed, dry ridge, 2 Dec 1999, Elvebakk, A. 99: 998 (TROM); 4 − 5 km SW of Guardería Laguna Amarga, 50 ° 59 ’ 30 ” S, 72 ° 51 ’ W, 120 m, on exposed rocks, 14 Nov 1995, Elvebakk, A. 95: 343 (TROM); 1.5 km N of Laguna Blanquillos, 50 ° 59 ’ 55 ” S, 72 ° 48 ’ 19 ” W, 370 m, on exposed rocks, 1 Jan 2014, Elvebakk, A. 14: 012 (MAF); 14: 016 (MAF); 14: 018 (MAF); 0.5 km SW of Guardería Laguna Amarga, 50 ° 59 ’ 30 ” S, 72 ° 48 ’ W, 100 m, on exposed rocks in a steppe area, 4 - 5 Jan 1996, Elvebakk, A. 98: 024 (SGO); 96: 076 (TROM); 0.5 − 1 km N of Salto Grande, 51 ° 04 ’ N, 73 ° 02 ’ W, 100 m, on rocks, Nov 1995, Elvebakk, A. 95: 461 (TROM); Lago Sarmiento E, Baño Viejo, 50 ° 56 ’ S, 72 ° 34 ’ W, 70 m, sun-exposed rock in a steppe area, 7 Dec 2000, Elvebakk, A. 00: 936 (TROM); c. 500 m W of Guardería Lago Grey, 51 ° 08 ’ S, 73 ° 10 ’ 30 ” W, 80 m, on rocks, ass. with Umblicaria spp., 4 Dec 1999, Elvebakk, A. 99: 1063 (TROM); 2 km SW of Laguna Larga, 51 ° 03 ’ S, 72 ° 54 ’ W, 250 m, on rocks, 2 Nov 1995, Elvebakk, A. 95: 446 (TROM); 1.5 km N of E end of Lago Sarmiento Chico, 51 ° 03 ’ S, 72 ° 56 ’ W, 150 − 200 m, on rocks, 2 Nov 1995, Elvebakk, A. 95: 435 (TROM); 1 km SE of Laguna de los Cisnes, 51 ° 02 ’ 30 ” S, 72 ° 51 ’ W, 80 m, on dry twigs on the ground and on rocks, 3 Dec 1999, Elvebakk, A. 99: 1040 (TROM); 99: 1041 (TROM); 4 km ENE of Salto Grande, 4 − 500 m W of altitude ‘ 222 ’, 51 ° 03 ’ 30 ” S, 72 ° 57 ’ W, 100 m, on rocks, 11 Dec 1999, Elvebakk, A. 99: 993 A (TROM); Seno Otway, 2 km NE of Punto Espolón, 52 ° 47 ’ S, 71 ° 12 ’ W, 10 m, on an erratic boulder of andesite, 30 Nov 1999, Elvebakk, A. 99: 910 (TROM); Morro Chico, NW part, 52 ° 03 ’ S, 71 ° 28 ’ W, 150 m, on rocks in a slope, 8 Dec 1999, Elvebakk, A. 99: 1229 (TROM); 30 Dec. 2013, (MAF, TROM); 200 m, on a rock near the S summit, 28 Nov 1999, Elvebakk, A. 99: 833 (TROM); Parque Nacional Pali-Aike, 0.5 km E of Laguna Ana, 51 ° 04 ’ 35.2 ” S, 69 ° 46 ’ 44.6 ” W, 130 m, on rocks in the steppe, 26 Nov 2000, Elvebakk, A. 00: 817 (TROM).	en	Elvebakk, A., Bjerke, J. W., Støvern, L. E. (2014): Parmelioid lichens (Parmeliaceae) in southernmost South America. Phytotaxa 173 (1): 1-30, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.173.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.173.1.1
03E9B86AA1692B64FF2FFA06FF7FF8F8.taxon	description	Specimen examined: CHILE. XII REGIÓN DE MAGALLANES: Parque Nacional Torres del Paine, 1 − 2 km SW of Guardería Laguna Amarga, 50 ° 59 ’ 30 ” S, 72 ° 48 ’ W, 100 m, on sun-exposed rocks, Dec 1995, Elvebakk 95: 520 (TROM).	en	Elvebakk, A., Bjerke, J. W., Støvern, L. E. (2014): Parmelioid lichens (Parmeliaceae) in southernmost South America. Phytotaxa 173 (1): 1-30, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.173.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.173.1.1
03E9B86AA1692B65FF2FF8EEFF7FF940.taxon	description	FIGURE. Xanthoparmelia mougeotii photographed near the Administration Centre of the National Park Torres del Paine, Chile). Specimens examined: CHILE. XII REGIÓN DE MAGALLANES: Parque Nacional Torres del Paine, 500 m W of Laguna Los Flamencos, 51 ° 01 ’ 30 ” S, 72 ° 50 ’ W, 300 m, on rocks on an exposed ridge, 2 Dec 1999, Elvebakk, A. 99: 999 (TROM); 0.5 − 1 km N of Salto Grande, 51 ° 04 ’ S, 73 ° 02 ’ W, 100 m, on rocks, Nov 1995. Elvebakk, A. 95: 460 (TROM); Lago Nordenskjöld S, 1 km W of Miradór Lago Nordenskjöld, 51 ° 03 ’ S, 72 ° 56 ’ W, 250 m, on weakly protected rocks, 1 Dec 2000, Elvebakk, A. 00: 856 (SGO); Lagunas Mellizas W, 51 ° 04 ’ S, 72 ° 59 ’ W, 100 m, on S-facing rocks, 3 Dec 2000, Elvebakk, A. 00: 894 (TROM); 500 m E of Laguna Las Mellizas, 51 ° 03 ’ 30 ” S, 75 ° 58 ’ W, 200 m, on rocks on a ridge, 3 Dec 1999, Elvebakk, A. 99: 1028 (TROM); 100 m N of Salto Grande, 51 ° 04 ’ S, 73 ° 00 ’ W, 80 m, on rocks near the lake shore, 3 Dec 1999, Elvebakk, A. 99: 1026 (TROM); Miradór Lago Nordenskjöld, 2 − 3 km N of Salto Grande, 51 ° 03 ’ S, 73 ° 01 ’ W, 300 m, on rock in S-facing slope, 3 Dec 2000, Elvebakk, A. 00: 919 (TROM); Refugio Pehoe, 200 m NW of the northern part of the bay, 51 ° 04 ’ S, 73 ° 01 ’ W, 100 m, Elvebakk, A. 99: 1320 (TROM); Lago Pehoe NW, 3 - 500 m SE of Refugio Pehoe, 70 m, 51 ° 02 ° 30 ” S, 73 ° 07 ’ W, on rocks of an exposed ridge, 11 Dec 1999, Elvebakk, A. 99: 1238 A (TROM); 5 − 600 m W of the S end of Lago Skottsberg, 51 ° 04 ’ S, 73 ° 07 ’ W, 150 m, on erratic boulders, 11 Dec 1999, Elvebakk, A. 99: 1257 (TROM); Lago del Toro (L. Maravilla), Estancia Río Payne, on rocky, forestless slopes by the river Río Payne, 13 Mar 1941, Santesson, R. 6440 (S); Puerto Natales, 8 − 9 km S of the town, along the main road, 51 ° 42 ’ S, 72 ° 23 ’ W, 50 − 100 m, on rocks, 6 Dec 1999, Elvebakk, A. 99: 1181 (TROM); Cerro Dorotea, on a big boulder in a very thin forest, 9 May 1940, Santesson, R. 2100 (S); Seno Otway area, 2 km N of Punta Espolón, 52 ° 47 ‘ S, 71 ° 12 ’ W, 5 m, on rocks, 30 Nov 1999, Elvebakk, A. 99: 913 (TROM); 4.5 - 5 km W of Kampenaike, 52 ° 41 ’ 36 ” S, 70 ° 52 ’ 36 ” W, 65 m, on a small rock in a steppe-like ridge, 29 Dec. 2013, Elvebakk, A. 13: 073 (MAF); Parque Nacional Pali-Aike, Escorial del Diablo, 52 ° 04 ’ S, 69 ° 38 ’ W, 130 m, on volcanic rock, 26 Nov 2000, Elvebakk, A. 00: 822 (TROM); 00: 827 (TROM).	en	Elvebakk, A., Bjerke, J. W., Støvern, L. E. (2014): Parmelioid lichens (Parmeliaceae) in southernmost South America. Phytotaxa 173 (1): 1-30, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.173.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.173.1.1
03E9B86AA1772B7AFF2FFF4AFEC6FE08.taxon	description	Specimen examined: CHILE. XII REGIÓN DE MAGALLANES: Parque Nacional Torres del Paine, Lago Nordenskjöld S, 1 km W of Miradór Lago Nordenskjöld, 51 ° 02 ’ 30 ” S, 72 ° 56 ’ W, 70 m, on pebbles, 1 Dec 2000, Elvebakk, A. 00: 867 (TROM); 0.5 − 1 km N of Salto Grande, 51 ° 04 ’ S, 73 ° 02 ’ W, 100 m, on distintegrating rocks, Nov 1995, Elvebakk, A. 95: 459 (TROM).	en	Elvebakk, A., Bjerke, J. W., Støvern, L. E. (2014): Parmelioid lichens (Parmeliaceae) in southernmost South America. Phytotaxa 173 (1): 1-30, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.173.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.173.1.1
03E9B86AA1772B7AFF2FFD42FB1BFB38.taxon	materials_examined	Reported from a rather limited number of localities in Australia and New Zealand, in addition to the type locality at Kerguelen Islands and a single locality in Argentinian Tierra del Fuego (Esslinger 1977). It was reported as new to Argentina from Tierra del Fuego by Calvelo & Liberatore (2002), and generally listed from Chile in Galloway & Quilhot (1998), without references to published records. We have found the species in four different areas within the dry sectors of Magallanes. Its small size indicates that it is easily overlooked. All specimens were found to contain fumarprotocetraric acid, being the only brown to black Xanthoparmelia species from the study area producing this acid. Specimens examined: CHILE. XII REGIÓN DE MAGALLANES: Sierra Baguales, 1.3 km S of the junction between the roads leading to Las Chinas and Las Cumbres, 50 ° 52 ’ 39.9 ” S, 72 ° 23 ’ 06.1 ” W, 2 − 300 m, on an erratic, granitic boulder in a steppe landscape, 5 Dec 1999, Elvebakk, A. 99: 1134 (TROM); Parque Nacional Torres del Paine, 400 m N of Salto Grande, 51 ° 04 ’ 30 ” S, 73 ° 02 ’ W, 60 m, slightly protected from wind on lake shore rocks, 3 Dec 1999, Elvebakk, A. 99: 1019 (TROM); Seno Skyring, Estancia Río Verde, 3 km W of María Felicinda, 52 ° 26 ’ S, 71 ° 22 ’ W, 2 m, on the W side of supralittoral rocks, 30 Nov 1999, Elvebakk, A. 99: 942 A (TROM); km S of Carpa Manzana, 52 ° 36 ’ 40.2 ” S, 71 ° 09 ’ 07.2 ” W, 50 m, on a small erratic boulder, 6 Dec 1999, Elvebakk, A. 99: 1292 (TROM).	en	Elvebakk, A., Bjerke, J. W., Støvern, L. E. (2014): Parmelioid lichens (Parmeliaceae) in southernmost South America. Phytotaxa 173 (1): 1-30, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.173.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.173.1.1
03E9B86AA1762B7BFF2FFF4AFADAF8D0.taxon	materials_examined	When X. submougeotii was described it was only reported from its type locality in the Juan Fernández Islands (Chile), whereas Nash et al. (1995) later added one collection from Mendoza in Argentina and two from the Falkland Islands. However, Calvelo & Adler (2001) reported it from many localities in Argentinian Tierra del Fuego, Etayo & Sancho (2008) added it from Chilean Isla Navarino and we have studied another 25 collections, indicating that this species is very common. All samples show the same chemistry with usnic, norstictic, stictic and constictic acids, and most specimens have characteristic subterminal soralia (Fig. 9). Specimens examined: CHILE. XII REGIÓN DE MAGALLANES: Parque Nacional Torres del Paine, 600 – 700 m W of S end of Lago Skottsberg, 51 ° 04 ’ S, 73 ° 07 ’ W, 150 m, on an erratic boulder of andesite, 11 Dec 1999, Elvebakk, A. 99: 1250 A (TROM); 99: 1250 C (TROM); 98: 311 (TROM); 1 km W of Guardería Lago Grey, 51 ° 07 ’ 30 ” S, 73 ° 10 ’ 30 ” W, 80 m, on open rocks near the river, 4 Dec 1999, Elvebakk, A. 99: 1098 A (TROM); NE-facing, protected cliff wall, Elvebakk, A. 99: 1092 (SGO); Lago Pehoe NW, 300 – 500 m SE of Refugio Pehoe, 51 ° 04 ’ 30 ” S, 73 ° 07 ’ W, 70 m, on rocks on an exposed cliff, 11 Dec 1999, Elvebakk, A. 99: 1238 B (TROM); 99: 1246 (TROM); 99: 1300 (TROM); between Lago Pehoe and Río Paine, 2 km NE of Laguna Linda, 51 ° 08 ’ 30 ” S, 72 ° 59 ’ W, 70 m, on a W-facing rock, overgrown by a Caloplaca sp., 19 Dec 1997, Elvebakk, A. 97: 469 (TROM); Refugio Pudeto, 51 ° 04 ’ S, 73 ° 01 ’ W, 70 m, on a rock in a Pernettya shrubland on the E side of the northernmost bay, 11 Dec 1999, Elvebakk, A. 99: 1273 (TROM); Lagunas Mellizas W, 51 ° 04 ’ S, 72 ° 59 ’ W, 100 m, on S-facing rocks, Elvebakk, A. 00: 893 (TROM); 2 km NE of E end of Lago Sarmiento Chico, 51 ° 03 ’ S, 72 ° 55 ’ W, 200 m, on rocks, Nov 1995, Elvebakk, A. 95: 470 (TROM); Miradór Lago Nordenskjöld, 2 – 3 km N of Salto Grande, 51 ° 03 ’ S, 73 ° 01 ’ W, 300 m, on sandstones, 3 Dec 2000, Elvebakk, A. 00: 917 (TROM); Seno Otway, 2 km NE of Punta Espolón, 52 ° 47 ’ S, 71 ° 12 ’ W, 20 m, on granitic, erratic rock in Chiliotrichum shrubland, 30 Nov 1999, Elvebakk, A. 99: 900 (TROM); 99: 917 (TROM); 99: 924 (TROM); Seno Skyring, 3 – 4 km W of Estancia María Felicinda / Estancia Río Verde, 52 ° 26 ’ S, 71 ° 22 ’ W, 2 m, on seashore rocks, 30 Nov 1999, Elvebakk, A. 99: 938 (TROM); Tierra del Fuego, Porvenir, on a boulder in a Chiliotrichum heath, 2 Jan 1941, Santesson, R. 5473 a (S); 27 Dec 1940, Santesson, R. 5281 (S); Canal Beagle, Yendegaia, near the saw-mill, 510 m, on rocks, 1 Mar 1940, Santesson, R. 1395 (S). FIGURE. Xanthoparmelia submougeotii photographed near the Administration Centre of the National Park Torres del Paine.	en	Elvebakk, A., Bjerke, J. W., Støvern, L. E. (2014): Parmelioid lichens (Parmeliaceae) in southernmost South America. Phytotaxa 173 (1): 1-30, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.173.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.173.1.1
03E9B86AA1752B7EFF2FF914FB92F94C.taxon	description	MycoBank # 808979.	en	Elvebakk, A., Bjerke, J. W., Støvern, L. E. (2014): Parmelioid lichens (Parmeliaceae) in southernmost South America. Phytotaxa 173 (1): 1-30, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.173.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.173.1.1
03E9B86AA1752B7EFF2FF914FB92F94C.taxon	materials_examined	Type: — CHILE: XII Regiòn de Magallanes y de la Antártica Chilena: Provincia Magallanes, Morro Chico, 52 ° 03 ’ S, 71 ° 28 ’ W, 200 m, on northwest-facing volcanic rocks, 28 Nov 1999, Elvebakk, A. 99: 811 (holotype SGO, isotypes TROM, NY, S, BM, MAF). Figs. 6, 11, 12. FIGURE. Xanthoparmelia tehuelchorum, HOLOTYPE. Scale bar = 1 cm. Thallus 3 − 20 cm large, foliose and adnate to loosely attached to acidic rock surfaces; lobes elongate and irregularly and densely branched, becoming contiguous and areolate in central parts of the thalli, glossy in younger parts, 0.5 − 1 mm wide, 250 − 300 µm thick, weakly convex, lobe tips rounded to truncate, margins smooth and eciliate; upper surface yellowish green, emaculate, black-rimmed of a peripheral 0.2 − 0.3 mm wide marginal zone of young lobe tips being black-pigmented, soon fading to dark brown, whereas the whole thallus is normally dark grey in central parts due to a cover of filaments of a lichenicolous fungus becoming gradually dominant towards the centre; lower surface dark brown near lobe apices, otherwise black, rhizines common, 0.3 − 0.5 mm long, black, stout and simple, in some cases tufted when in contact with the substrate, absent only from a narrow, 0.3 − 0.7 mm broad marginal zone; upper cortex 20 − 25 µm thick, paraplectenchymatic, yellowish from usnic acid; medulla white, lax, 150 − 250 µm thick, upper 25 − 35 µm composed of a photobiont layer of globose to subglobose trebuxioid cells 7 − 12 µm diam.; lower cortex compact, paraplectenchymatic, blackish, c. 10 µm thick. Apothecia common, substipitate, 1 − 4 mm broad, disc dark chestnut brown, concave, thalline excipulum persistent and concolorous with thallus; epithecium dark brown, 10 − 15 µm thick, hymenium colourless, 30 − 40 µm thick, asci clavate, 8 - spored, 15 × 35 µm; paraphyses septate, sparingly branched, apices swollen; hypothecium colourless, 50 − 60 µm thick, photobiont layer present below the hypothecium; ascospores 6 − 8 × 10 − 12 µm, simple, short-ellipsoid, smooth, perispore lacking; conidiomata pycnidia, common and laminal, immersed in thallus, ostiole black, conidia bifusiform, 1.5 × 5.5 µm, few seen. Chemistry; usnic acid and protocetraric acids (majors). Etymology: Named after the indigeneous people Tehuelches, now known as Aonikenk, who used to live in the distribution area of this species in Chile, but who are now only present on the Argentinian side. Additional examined specimens (paratypes): ARGENTINA. PROVINCIA DE SANTA CRUZ: Río Gallegos, Estancia Güer- Aike, on basaltic rocks at the edge of the meseta just above the valley of Río Gallegos, 18 Jan 1940, Santesson, R. 302 (S). CHILE. XII REGIÒN DE MAGALLANES Y DE LA ANTARTICA CHILENA: Sierra Baguales, 1.3 km S of the junction between the roads leading to Las Chinas and Las Cumbres, 50 ° 53 ’ S, 72 ° 23 ’ W, 250 m, on erratic, granitic boulders, 5 Dec 1999, Elvebakk, A. 99: 1132 (TROM); 99: 1142 (LE); 99: 1143 (TROM); 3 - 4 km S of Estancia Tres Erres, 50 ° 47 ’ 30.5 ” S, 72 ° 24 ’ 43.2 ” W, 300 m, on exposed, very soft sandstones, 5 Dec 1999, Elvebakk, A. 99: 1163 (TROM); 99: 1164 (TROM); Parque Nacional Torres del Paine, 700 m SE of Laguna de los Cisnes, 51 ° 02 ’ 30 ”, 72 ° 51 ’ W, 200 m, on rocks, 3 Dec 1999, Elvebakk, A. 99: 1041 (TROM); 3 − 400 m SE of Laguna Los Flamencos, 51 ° 02 ’ S, 72 ° 48 ’ W, 250 m, on lower parts of boulders, 3 Dec 1999, Elvebakk, A. 99: 1014 (TROM); 2.5 km NE of N end of Lago Sarmento Chico, 51 ° 02 ’ 30 ” S, 72 ° 55 ’ W, 200 m, on rocks, 18 Dec 1997, Elvebakk, A. 97: 424 (TROM); Refugio Pudeto, on the E side of the northernmost bay, 51 ° 04 ’ S, 73 ° 01 ’ W, 80 m, on rocks, 11 Dec 1999, Elvebakk, A. 99: 1294 (TROM); 500 m E of Lagunas Las Mellizas, 51 ° 03 ’ 30 ” S, 72 ° 58 ’ W, 150 m, on rocks on a ridge, 3 Dec 1999, Elvebakk, A. 99: 1037 (TROM); 14: 008 TROM); at eastern Lagunas Mellizas, 51 ° 04 ’ 30 ” S, 72 ° 58 ’ W, 100 m, on exposed rock, 1 Dec 2000, Elvebakk, A. 00: 880 A (TROM); Lago Pehoe, NW, 3 – 500 m SE of Refugio Pehoe, 51 ° 04 ’ 30 ” S, 73 ° 07 ’ W, 70 m, on rocks on an exposed ridge, 11 Dec 1999, Elvebakk, A. 99: 1245 (TROM); c. 2 km SW of Guardería Laguna Amarga, 51 ° 00 ’ S, 72 ° 50 ’ W, 80 m, on rocks, 12 Dec 1995, Elvebakk, A. 95: 570 (LE); 1.5 km SW of Guardería Laguna Amarga, 150 m, 50 ° 59 ’ 30 ” S, 72 ° 48 ’ W, on exposed rocks, 4 Jan 1998, Elvebakk, A. 98: 025 (TROM); 2 km NW of Guardería Laguna Amarga, 50 ° 59 ’ 30 ” S, 72 ° 49 ’ W, 150 m, on sun-exposed rocks, Nov. 1995, Elvebakk, A. 95: 456 (TROM); Morro Chico, 52 ° 03 ’ S, 71 ° 28 ’ W, 200 m, on rocks in a SW-facing slope, 28 Nov 1999, Elvebakk, A 99: 790 (TROM); 99: 810 (TROM); 99: 812 (TROM); on N-facing rocky slopes, Elvebakk, A 99: 821 (TROM); 99: 825 (TROM); 99: 827 (TROM); 99: 834 (TROM); 99: 855 B (TROM); 13: 082 (MAF; TROM); 13: 086 (TROM); 13: 087 (TROM); on exposed rocks on the southern summit, Elvebakk, A. 99: 882 (TROM); Parque Nacional Pali-Aike, 0.5 km E of Laguna Ana, 51 ° 04 ’ 35.2 ” S, 69 ° 46 ’ 44.6 ” W, 130 m, in steppe, 26 Nov 2000, Elvebakk, A. 00: 816 (TROM). Xanthoparmelia tehuelchorum is very common along the whole eastern sector of Magallanes from Pali-Aike northwards to Sierra Baguales, as indicated by the 31 herbarium samples reported here. It is probably also a very common species in the lichenologically poorly investigated province of Santa Cruz in Argentina, although only one herbarium specimen has been seen from this area. This is the only known fertile yellow-green Xanthoparmelia in the study area. The species grows with X. austrosorediata and Flavoparmelia gerlachei on exposed siliceous rocks in the Patagonian steppes and in neighbouring more or less unforested areas. The species is a fertile counterpart of the sorediate X. austrosorediata, which it grows together with. Morphologically, it is most similar to the more northern and fertile species X. hypomelaena (Hale) Hale, which is more adnate, has more narrow ascospores and fumarprotocetraric acid as its diagnostic secondary compound. Apart from X. austrosorediata only two other yellow Xanthoparmelia species from South America contain protocetraric acid, one is isidiate and one is subcrustose and sorediate (Nash et al. 1995), and no other species elsewhere have been found to be conspecific with the present species, a conclusion agreed to by J. A. Elix after examining one specimen (pers. comm., 2008).	en	Elvebakk, A., Bjerke, J. W., Støvern, L. E. (2014): Parmelioid lichens (Parmeliaceae) in southernmost South America. Phytotaxa 173 (1): 1-30, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.173.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.173.1.1
03E9B86AA1752B7EFF2FF914FB92F94C.taxon	description	FIGURE. Xanthoparmelia tehuelchorum (Elvebakk 13: 086) photographed at Morro Chico.	en	Elvebakk, A., Bjerke, J. W., Støvern, L. E. (2014): Parmelioid lichens (Parmeliaceae) in southernmost South America. Phytotaxa 173 (1): 1-30, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.173.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.173.1.1
03E9B86AA1732B7FFF2FF887FD79FDED.taxon	description	Specimens examined: CHILE. XII REGIÓN DE MAGALLANES: Parque Nacional Torres del Paine, 1.5 km N of E end of Lago Sarmiento Chico, 51 ° 03 ’ S, 72 ° 56 ’ W, 150 − 200 m, on eroded, exposed rocks, 2 Nov 1995, Elvebakk, A. 95: 438 (TROM); 1.5 − 2 km SE of Laguna de los Cisnes, 51 ° 03 ’ S, 72 ° 51 ’ W, 150 m, on an exposed rock slope weathered into small pieces, 3 Dec 1999, Elvebakk, A. 99: 1049 (TROM); 99: 1050 a (TROM); 1.5 km SW of Guardería Laguna Amarga, 50 ° 59 ’ 30 ” S, 72 ° 48 ’ W, 80 m, on an exposed gravelly ridge, associated with Xanthoparmelia imitatrix, 24 Jan 1996, Elvebakk, A. 96: 111 B (TROM); Refugio Pehoe, 100 − 200 m E of the northernmost bay, 51 ° 04 ’ S, 73 ° 00 ’ W, 100 m, on a N-facing rock slope in a steppe area, 12 Dec 1999, Elvebakk, A. 99: 1315 (TROM); Lago Nordenskjöld S, 1 km W of Mirador Lago Nordenskjöld, 51 ° 03 ’ S, 72 ° 56 ’ W, 250 m, on rocks, 1 Dec 2000, Elvebakk, A. 00: 854 (SGO); 200 m S of Salto Grande, W of the Pudeto inlet, 51 ° 04 ’ 30 ” S, 73 ° 02 ’ W, 70 m, on exposed rocks, 5 Dec 2000, Elvebakk, A. 00: 923 (CANB); Laguna Mellizas W, 51 ° 04 ’ S, 72 ° 59 ’ W, 100 m, on rock surfaces, partly over mosses in a S-facing steep slope, 3 Dec 2000, Elvebakk, A. 00: 886 (TROM).	en	Elvebakk, A., Bjerke, J. W., Støvern, L. E. (2014): Parmelioid lichens (Parmeliaceae) in southernmost South America. Phytotaxa 173 (1): 1-30, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.173.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.173.1.1
