identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
60BB302FA7345360BD7D8EFCA6C6F9F9.text	60BB302FA7345360BD7D8EFCA6C6F9F9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Eisenia fetida (Savigny 1826) species-complex. s. Blakemore 2010	<div><p>Eisenia fetida (Savigny, 1826) species-complex. s. Blakemore (2010) Fig. 1</p> <p>Note.</p> <p>Eisenia fetida is the earliest representative of the genus, originally Enterion fetidum Savigny, 1826: 182 (type locality Paris; types in Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, Paris according to Stöp-Bowitz, 1969: 172); its 15 progressive synonyms, lastly including Eisenia andrei andrei Bouché, 1972: 381 (with types in Sully, France, OECO79-1388-4321), are fully presented in Blakemore (2008a, 2010, 2012, 2013a, b).</p> <p>Material examined.</p> <p>Puce, semi-mature specimen S1 from Hamdeok Sewoobyong beach, Jeju Island, collected 15th Feb., 2012 by RJB NIBRIV0000249915 (dissected and figured, Fig. 1, providing DNA sample WM18 - nil results, resampled as WO12 and as w11 to recheck); S2 mature, posterior amputee specimen with same collection data. S3-4 two uniformly pale Jeju specimens, collected 16th Feb., 2012 by RJB (one posterior amputee dissected and figured, Fig. 1, providing DNA WO7 that was mixed in the genetics laboratory, resampled as w62 with data pending). S5 is a single deep-red, very weakly striped mature from Gangreung, Yongok stream, eastern S. Korea collected 4th April, 2012 by RJB (IV0000249930 providing DNA sample WO18 - see Appendix 1). Three matures, pale with pink clitella, S6-8 from Incheon, Seo-gu, Gyeongseo-dong, 20th April, 2000 (IV0000215368 mislabeled as " Perionyx excavatus "; note other Perionyx excavatus Perrier, 1872 proper confirmed in NIBR collection). Eight mature specimens, darkly striped with pale intersegments, otherwise compliant (IV0000261280 labeled “20110609//5/A” their jar also contains four Amynthas sp.). Other NIBR specimens labeled " E. foetida " e.g., IV0000213769/214062, were not inspected here.</p> <p>Description of current specimens.</p> <p>Body not especially flattened. Lengths 50-80 mm, segments 110-140. First dorsal pore small in 3/4, open from 4/5 onwards. Setae closely paired, ab slightly tumid in some or all of 9-12, 22, 23 and 25,26-32; distinctly paler around cd in just 9 or in some of 9-11,12. Dorsum to below c lines a reddish or pinky puce (sometimes much darker or much paler); ventrum pale with clitellum darker buff, saddle-shaped in 24,25,26,27-31,32,33. TP ½28,28-½31,31. Spermathecae nearly mid-dorsum in 9/10/11. Female pores small on 14 lateral to b. Male pores in slightly tumid pads on 15 lateral of b setae. Nephropores visible sporadically intersegmentally above b lines (alternatively in d?).</p> <p>Internally, spermathecae spherical in 9 &amp; 10. Testis small in 10 &amp; 11, seminal vesicles in 9-12. Last hearts in 11. Calciferous glands annular in 11 &amp; 12. Ovaries in 13. Nephridia sausage-shaped. Crop in 16 and gizzard large in 17-18, with intestine proper after 19; a low, wide typhlosole present from about 26.</p> <p>Remarks: The Jeju specimens lack the supposedly characteristic broad striped appearance while specimen S5 is brick red (mtDNA barcodes show 99% agreement). It seems remarkable that S3-4 would agree as they lack pigment. Other specimens with much darker, almost black, segments and contrasting paler intersegment also comply superficially. The whole species-complex requires evaluation with consideration of ICZN compliance as noted in the Discussion.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/60BB302FA7345360BD7D8EFCA6C6F9F9	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Blakemore, Robert J.	Blakemore, Robert J. (2013): Earthworms newly from Mongolia (Oligochaeta, Lumbricidae, Eisenia). ZooKeys 285: 1-21, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.285.4502, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.285.4502
05FB2ABEB72E561686D9F244B319A96B.text	05FB2ABEB72E561686D9F244B319A96B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Eisenia nordenskioldi subsp. mongol Blakemore 2013	<div><p>Eisenia nordenskioldi mongol ssp. n. Fig. 2 Tab. 1</p> <p>Material examined.</p> <p>Holotype (H), NIBR IV0000261274 (dissected and figured, Fig. 2, providing DNA - wo63); label details " 2012-7-22 Balji Riverside Coll. T-S Park " (possibly near Onon-Balji Conservation Area) at Dadal (ca. 49°1'2.16"N, 110°37'18.49"E), Khentii Province NE of Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia. Paratype P1, IV0000261275 (dissected, providing DNA - wo64) plus six other specimens (P2-7, four mature, two sub-matures, IV0000261276) all labeled " 2012-7-21 Dadal ".</p> <p>Etymology.</p> <p>Nominative singular noun in apposition, after natives of Mongolia.</p> <p>Description.</p> <p>Body substantial and only slightly trapezoid, posterior barely flattens. Pigment pinkish-grey dorsally in alcohol with ventrum and 9-11 paler laterally; clitellum buff. Lengths 80-110 mm (holotype H 60+50 = 110, paratype P1 80). Segments H 75+67 = 142, P1 131. Prostomium open epilobic (first thought tanylobic in H). Dorsal pores from 3/4 (minute), open from 4/5. Setae closely paired. Tumescences around setae ab on 7 &amp; 11rhs plus 26lhs,27-32 (H); on 7 plus 27-33 (Ps); tumid and pale around lateral setae cd on 8-11 (H, P1). Clitellum saddle-shaped 26-33 (slightly encroaching onto 25 dorsally in some Ps). Tubercula pubertates faint, 29-31 lateral of setal b lines. Nephropores sporadically visible above b or d setal lines, e.g. above d in 9, 13, 14, 23-26, 34, 37, 38, 40, 41; or above b setal lines in some other segments in H. Spermathecal pores paired in 9/10/11 close to mid-D. Female pores in 14 lateral of b. Male pores small in 15 lateral of b just wider than female pores.</p> <p>Internally, septa 8/9-10/11 slightly thickened. Spermathecae spherical on thin tapering stalks in 9 &amp; 10. Testis and funnels non-iridescent (atrophied?) in 10 &amp; 11. Seminal vesicles paired in 9-12 (smaller in 10). Ovaries compact in 13. Ovisacs vestig ial anteriorly in 14. Hearts in 7-11. Nephridial bladders simple, sausage-shaped (in all segments inspected). Calciferous glands large and moniliform in 11 &amp; 12. Crop in 15-16; muscular gizzard in 17-18 with septum 17/18 to midriff. Intestine proper from 19; slight typhlosole noticeably developing to inverted T-shaped from about 27,28. Gut contents mixed coarse organic material and some soil with mica flakes (i.e., a topsoil species). Apart from some loose gregarines, no parasites were observed in the coelom.</p> <p>Remarks.</p> <p>Lack of spermatozoal iridescence indicates parthenogenesis. Eisenia nordenskioldi mongol sub-sp. n. compares to the nominal subspecies and to Eisenia nordenskioldi polypapillata Perel’, 1969 differing from both due, at least, to its arrangement of setal tumescences. Kobayashi (1940 p. 282, 1941 p. 148) redescribed Eisenia nordenskioldi from Manchuria [=Northeast China] and northern Korea, while Zicsi (1972 p. 131) summarized Eisenia nordenskioldi from Pyongyang, North Korea. These taxa are compared in Table 1. Additionally, the DNA barcodes in Appendix 1 help define new and old taxa.</p> <p>*Features from Kobayashi’s (1940, 1941) descriptions compared to Zicsi’s.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/05FB2ABEB72E561686D9F244B319A96B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Blakemore, Robert J.	Blakemore, Robert J. (2013): Earthworms newly from Mongolia (Oligochaeta, Lumbricidae, Eisenia). ZooKeys 285: 1-21, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.285.4502, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.285.4502
3EF2D7D90F0152B196FF57DCEBD59755.text	3EF2D7D90F0152B196FF57DCEBD59755.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Eisenia nordenskioldi subsp. onon Blakemore 2013	<div><p>Eisenia nordenskioldi onon ssp. n. Fig. 3</p> <p>Material examined.</p> <p>Holotype (H) NIBR IV0000261277 (mature, dissected, providing DNA sample - wo65) plus six sub-adults provisionally listed as paratypes (IV000061278) and a ‘tail’, all poorly-preserved in same batch from " 2012-7-20 Dadal ". Unidentifiable were ca. 20 specimens (IV0000261279) some having clitella ca. 24-33 and TP ca. 28-30, also poorly-preserved from crowding in a single tube, labelled " 2012-7-21 Dadal ". All specimens collected by NIBR’s Mr T.-S. Park.</p> <p>Etymology.</p> <p>Nominative noun in apposition after sample region where Dadal and the upper Onon River are supposed birthplace and likely final resting place of Temüjin (otherwise known as Genghis Khan).</p> <p>Description.</p> <p>Body medium sized, H 100 mm. Segments 170. Reddish pink anterior-dorsum to segment 15 otherwise unpigmented. Epilobous. Pale laterally around cd in 8-11 and slightly tumid ab on 11-12 and possibly somewhat on clitellum. First dorsal pore 4/5. Spermathecal pores in 9/10/11 mid-dorsally. Female and male pores slight, lateral of b setae on 14 and 15, respectively. Nephridia sporadically visible lateral of b lines near intersegments (at least on clitellum) otherwise near d lines? Clitellum, pale from 24 dorsally or laterally 25-33, i.e., 24,25-33. TP longitudinally lenticular lateral of b 28-31. External features rather unclear due to poor preservation.</p> <p>Internally similar to nominal subspecies. Seminal vesicles in 9-12. Testis iridescent, free in 10 &amp; 11. Calciferous glands in 11 &amp; 12, vascularized and extending slightly into adjacent segments. Nephridial bladders sausage-shaped. Gizzard 17-18 and thin inverted T-shaped typhlosole present. Soil with coarse organic debris in gut. No parasites were noted.</p> <p>Remarks.</p> <p>The current taxon differs from previously described subspecies (Tab. 1 and Appendix 2) on its clitellum, TP and tumescences; moreover it appears fertile. Fresher and better preserved material should confirm this analysis. In the meantime, although physically closest to Eisenia nordenskioldi mongol, it is clearly separated objectively on mtDNA data (Appendix 1). This compares to its sibling species-complex: European Eisenia fetida (Savigny, 1826) vs. Eisenia andrei Bouché, 1972 that is claimed to differ molecularly on enzyme gel electrophoresis, e.g. by Jaenike (1982) based on material from New York, but never yet on respective types of either taxon (see Appendix 1 and Discussion).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/3EF2D7D90F0152B196FF57DCEBD59755	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Blakemore, Robert J.	Blakemore, Robert J. (2013): Earthworms newly from Mongolia (Oligochaeta, Lumbricidae, Eisenia). ZooKeys 285: 1-21, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.285.4502, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.285.4502
