identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
03F687F6FFC1FFFAFF522701FD75FEF1.text	03F687F6FFC1FFFAFF522701FD75FEF1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cheiracanthium adjacensoides Song, Chen and Hou 1990	<div><p>Cheiracanthium adjacensoides Song, Chen and Hou, 1990, stat. resurr.</p><p>(Figures 1, 9)</p><p>Cheiracanthium adjacensoides Song et al. 1990: 427, figs. 1–4 (♂ ♀); Song et al. 1999: 412, figs. 241E–F, 243C–D (♂ ♀); Yin et al. 2012: 1044, fig. 542a–e (♂ ♀); Esyunin and Zamani 2020: 1313.</p><p>Cheiracanthium approximatum Marusik et al. 2020: 341, figs. 8, 13–15, 16–17 (♂ ♀, misidentified)</p><p>For a full bibliography and synonymy concerning this species see Esyunin and Zamani (2020).</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>The males (Figure 1e–g) are similar to those of C. iranicum Esyunin and Zamani, 2020 (Esyunin and Zaman 2020: 1315, figs. 3a–f, 4) in having a similar lamellar median apophysis, beak-shaped cymbial spur and similar edge of cymbium, but can be distinguished by: (1) RTA wavy and with a pointed apex (vs RTA linear and distally slightly expanded with a lateral notch at the top in C. iranicum; (2) the median apophysis with a slightly rounded apex (vs lanceolate in C. iranicum). The females (Figure 1c–d) are similar to those of C. subinsulanum Li and Zhang, 2019 (Li and Zhang 2019, p. 88, figs. 2B–C, 3A–B) in having a globular spermatheca, but can be distinguished by: (1) the thinner copulatory ducts (ca. 1/2 diameter of the spermathecae in C. adjacensoides vs 3/4 diameter of the spermathecae in C. subinsulanum); (2) atrium transverse oval in ventral view, ca. 2 times wider than long (vs almost circular, width almost equivalent to length in C. subinsulanum).</p><p>Redescription</p><p>Male. (Figure 1b) One specimen was measured: total length 5.18: carapace length 2.41, width 1.93; abdomen length 2.77, width 1.72. Carapace brown with indistinct radial stripes. Chelicerae dark brown, both margins with 3 teeth. Sternum, labium and endites brown. Legs yellowish, without distinct colour markings. Leg measurements: I 15.84 (4.03, 1.09, 4.45, 4.60, 1.67), II 9.95 (2.63, 0.82, 2.43, 3.04, 1.03), III 6.84 (1.89, 0.78, 1.69, 1.92, 0.56), IV 11.17 (3.29, 0.62, 2.71, 3.72, 0.83). Abdomen lanceolate, dorsally grey, with black hairs and a narrow medial longitudinal band enclosed by U-shaped light spots.</p><p>Palp as illustrated. (Figure 1e–g) Tibia long, about as long as cymbium; RTA long and sclerotised, ca. 1/2 of tibia length, thumb-shaped, sharply pointed and twisted around the axis from ventral view; cymbium almost 2 times longer than wide; cymbial furrow short and shallow, about 1/3 cymbium length; cymbial spur approximately as long as RTA, with beaked point at apex from retrolateral view; tegulum nearly rounded; median apophysis membranous, nearly belt-shaped and with broad tip; embolus originating from the retrolateral tegulum, about 2 o’clock position, extending clockwise along the tegular margin, then curving to the tip of conductor; conductor membranous, lying at tegular tip; sperm duct indistinct.</p><p>Female. (Figure 1a) Distinctly larger than male. One specimen was measured: total length 10.01: carapace length 3.64, width 2.82; abdomen length 6.37, width 4.74. Carapace brown, radial striaes colour dark than other parts besides eye area. Leg measurements: I 13.51 (3.68, 1.12, 3.56, 3.77, 1.38), II 10.67 (2.76,1.08, 2.79, 3.02, 1.02), III 8.58 (2.34, 0.97, 1.81, 2.46, 1.00), IV 11.51 (3.25, 1.01, 2.83, 3.21, 1.21). Abdomen oval, dorsally yellowish white.</p><p>Epigyne. (Figure 1c–d) Atrium large, ca. 2 times wider than long, located at middle portion of epigynal plate, with heavily sclerotised and ‘()’ shaped lateral margins, anterior and posterior margins inconspicuous; 2 copulatory openings located at lateral margins of atrium; part of dark copulatory duct and spermathecae visible through tegument of epigynal plate in ventral view; spermathecae globular, located posteriorly, spaced by about 2 diameters; the copulatory ducts ascending and then folding backward and descending into the spermathecae.</p><p>Material examined</p><p>CHINA: Hainan. 2♂ 2♀, Changjiang County, Bawangling Nature Reserve, 18 May 2009, Guangxin Han leg; 1♂, Bawangling Nature Reserve, 8 November 2008, Feng Zhang leg; 1♀, Bawangling Nature Reserve, 31 May 2011, Chao Zhang leg; 1♀, Lingao County, Gaoshanling Nature Reserve, 21 July 2007, Feng Zhang leg.</p><p>Other material examined. CHINA: Yunnan: 1♂ 2♀, Dali City, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=101.2108&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=21.9642" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 101.2108/lat 21.9642)">Erhai Lake</a>, 8 March 2002, Zhizhong Yang leg; 1♂ 1♀, Mengla County, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=101.2108&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=21.9642" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 101.2108/lat 21.9642)">Shangyong Town</a>, 23 May 2017, 21.2436°N, 101.7105°E, 776 m, Beibei Zhou leg; 1♂ 1♀, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=101.2108&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=21.9642" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 101.2108/lat 21.9642)">Mengla County</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=101.2108&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=21.9642" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 101.2108/lat 21.9642)">Menglun Town</a>, 14 July 2018, 21.9642°N, 101.2108°E, 641 m, Chi Jin leg. Guangxi: 1♀, Chongzuo County, Luobai Town, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=108.3578&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=23.4934" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 108.3578/lat 23.4934)">Officer White-Headed Langur Ecological Park</a>, 20 August 2004, Mingsheng Zhu leg; 1♂, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=108.3578&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=23.4934" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 108.3578/lat 23.4934)">Nanning City</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=108.3578&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=23.4934" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 108.3578/lat 23.4934)">Liangjiang Town</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=108.3578&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=23.4934" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 108.3578/lat 23.4934)">Neichao Village</a>, 7 August 2018, 23.4934°N, 108.3578°E, 186 m, Baoshi Zhang leg . Xizang: 1♂, Zayu County, Xiachayu Town, 8 August 2002, Mingsheng Zhu leg . Guizhou: 1♀, Weining County, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=104.3442&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=26.8024" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 104.3442/lat 26.8024)">Forestry Seedling Station</a>, 20 August 2017, 26.8024°N, 104.3442°E, 2182 m, Chi Jin leg . Hunan: 2♂ 1♀, Zhangjiajie City, Tianzi Mountain, 8 June 2002, Zhisheng Zhang leg . Sichuan: 1♀, Nanchong City, Huafeng Town, 3 November 2012, Xiangwei Meng leg . Chongqing: 1♀, Beibei District, Jinyun Mountain Nature Reserve, 11 July 2007, Fuming Shi leg .</p><p>Distribution</p><p>China (Hainan, Yunnan, Guangxi, Xizang, Taiwan, Guizhou, Hunan, Sichuan, Chongqing), Philippines.</p><p>Remarks</p><p>Marusik et al. (2020) redescribed C. approximatum O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1885, and proposed C. adjacensoides Song, Chen and Hou, 1990 be synonymised with C. approximatum O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1885 . However, when we examined the illustrations of those two species (Song et al. 1990, p. 427, figs. 3–4; Marusik et al. 2020, p. 342, figs. 10– 12), we found that they can be easily distinguished by the shape of the median apophysis (complex, with two lobes in C. approximatum, vs nearly belt-shaped in C. adjacensoides). Therefore, we consider that C. adjacensoides Song, Chen and Hou, 1990 should be regarded as a valid taxon. This result is consistent with the findings of Esyunin and Zamani (2020). In addition, the specimens (1♀ 1♂) from Punjab in Marusik et al. (2020) (figs. 8, 13– 15, 17) are misidentified; they have the same genital characteristics as C. adjacensoides (Figure 1c–g) and in fact belong to C. adjacensoides .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F687F6FFC1FFFAFF522701FD75FEF1	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Li, Zhao-Yi;Zhang, Feng	Li, Zhao-Yi, Zhang, Feng (2024): A survey of cheiracanthiid spiders (Araneae: Cheiracanthiidae) from Hainan Island, China. Journal of Natural History 58 (1 - 4): 167-188, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2023.2287267, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2023.2287267
03F687F6FFC4FFF5FE102701FC93F9AC.text	03F687F6FFC4FFF5FE102701FC93F9AC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cheiracanthium bawanglingense Li & Zhang 2024	<div><p>Cheiracanthium bawanglingense sp. n.</p><p>(Figures 2–3, 9)</p><p>Type material</p><p>Holotype ♂, CHINA, Hainan, Changjiang County, Bawangling Nature Reserve, 23 May 2009, Chao Zhang leg ; Paratypes: 3♂ 2♀, same data as holotype; 1♂ 1♀, same data as holotype but collected 9 May 2009; 1♂, Qiongzhong County, Limu Mountain Nature Reserve, 19 August 2007, Feng Zhang leg; 1♂ 3♀, Danzhou City, Fanjia Nature Reserve, 15 May 2009, Chao Zhang leg; 1♀, Ledong County, Jianfengling Nature Reserve, Mingfeng Valley, 27 May 2009, Chao Zhang leg; 1♀, Jianfengling Nature Reserve, Tianchi, 29 May 2009, Guangxin Han leg.</p><p>Etymology</p><p>The species name is a toponym in apposition referring to the type locality.</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>The males of the new species (Figures 2a–b, 3c–e) are similar to those of Cheiracanthium taiwanicum Chen, Huang, Chen and Wang, 2006 (Chen et al. 2006, p. 10, fig. 1D–E; Zhang et al. 2018, p. 41, fig. 3A–B, E) in having a hook-shaped median apophysis and circular embolus, both originating on the tegular tip, and a finger-shaped RTA, but can be distinguished as follows: (1) the carapace has no distinct colour pattern in C. bawanglingense sp. n. (Figure 2a), but has 2 broad, longitudinal greenish-brown bands at the submargins in C taiwanicum; (2) the dorsum of abdomen has dense white freckles in C. bawanglingense sp. n. (Figure 2a), whereas the white freckles are sparsely scattered in C taiwanicum; (3) the longer cymbial spur and RTA in ventral view and retrolateral view; (4) the wider distal part of conductor in ventral view (vs beak-shaped in C. taiwanicum). The females (Figure 3a–b) are similar to those of C. taiwanicum Chen, Huang, Chen and Wang, 2006 (Chen et al. 2006, p. 10, fig. 1B–C; Zhang et al. 2018, p. 41, fig. 3C–D) and C. daofeng Yu and Li, 2020 (Zhang et al. 2020, p. 56, fig. 2A–D) in having an eyebrow-shaped atrial anterior margin and coiled copulatory ducts, but can be distinguished by the thicker copulatory ducts and by the shape of copulatory openings and spermathecae (transverse oval copulatory openings in C. bawanglingense sp. n. vs nearly circular in C. daofeng; kidney-shaped spermathecae in C. bawanglingense sp. n. vs globular in C. taiwanicum).</p><p>Description</p><p>Male. (Figure 2a–b) Holotype: total length 4.52: carapace length 2.17, width 1.54; abdomen length 2.35, width 1.17. Carapace pale yellow with indistinct radial striaes. All eyes with black rings, eye area colour slightly dark than carapace, AER slightly recurved, PER slightly wider than AER, almost straight in dorsal view. Eye sizes and interdistances: AME 0.11 ALE 0.11, PME 0.12, PLE 0.11; AME–AME 0.12, AME–ALE 0.10, PME–PME 0.17, PME–PLE 0.14; MOA 0.33 long, front width 0.36, back width 0.40. Chelicerae reddish brown, with 4 promarginal and 3 retromarginal teeth, with dense scopula in both margins. Sternum yellowish white, 1.50 long, 1.22 wide. Labium and endites coloured the same as chelicerae, anterior edge with clearly scopula. Legs pale yellow, without distinct markings. Leg measurements: I 12.82 (4.26, 0.62, 3.10, 3.22, 1.62), II 11.07 (3.24, 0.52, 2.93, 3.43, 0.95), III 7.42 (2.11, 0.60, 1.72, 2.40, 0.59), IV 11.66 (3.25, 0.45, 2.82, 4.25, 0.89). Abdomen elongate-oval, dorsally pale grey, with numerous white freckles and a narrow medial longitudinal band enclosed by light spots, 2 pairs of muscular impressions; venter greyish, with scattered white spots.</p><p>Palp as illustrated. (Figure 3c–e) Tibia short, ca. 1/2 of cymbium length, RTA is relatively long and sclerotised, ca. 1/2 of tibia length, thorn-shaped, DTA short and thin, with a sharp apex; cymbium almost 2 times longer than wide; tip of cymbium long, ca. 1/4 of cymbium length; cymbial furrow strongly developed and conspicuous, about 3/4 cymbium length; cymbial spur slighter shorter than tibia length; tegulum oval, ca. 1.5 times longer than wide; median apophysis long and membranous, more than 1/2 of tegulum length, with wider base and hook-shaped tip in ventral view; embolus originating on the tegular tip, about 12 o’clock position, extending clockwise along the tegular margin, then curving to the tip of conductor; conductor membranous, base wide, gradually tapering towards apex, lying at tegular tip; sperm duct circling.</p><p>Female. (Figure 2c–d) One of paratypes: total length 4.84; carapace length 2.13, width 1.50; abdomen length 2.71, width 1.73. Carapace pale brown, with pair of brown lateral bands extending from behind PLE, almost reaching posterior margin, fused, forming a U-shaped patch. Eye sizes and interdistances: AME 0.08, ALE 0.11, PME 0.09, PLE 0.08; AME–AME 0.14, AME–ALE 0.16, PME–PME 0.22, PME–PLE 0.23; MOA 0.29 long, front width 0.35, back width 0.40. Legs pale brown. Leg measurements: I 16.51 (4.23, 0.78, 4.62, 4.94, 1.94), II 8.47 (3.25, 0.46, 2.02, 2.01, 0.73), III 5.56 (1.67, 0.40, 1.31, 1.61, 0.57), IV 9.69 (2.79, 0.53, 2.52, 3.06, 0.79). Abdomen greyish brown, with scattered white spots. Other characters as in male.</p><p>Epigyne. (Figure 3a–b) Atrium ca. 1.2 times wider than long, atrial anterior margin eyebrow-shaped and heavily sclerotised, posterior and lateral margins inconspicuous; 2 copulatory openings located at posterior portion of epigynal plate; part of dark copulatory duct and spermathecae visible through tegument of epigynal plate in ventral view; spermathecae reniform, ca. 2 times longer than wide, connected with complicatedly spiral-coiled copulatory duct (with 4 entwined loops).</p><p>Distribution</p><p>Presently known from type locality only, Hainan, China .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F687F6FFC4FFF5FE102701FC93F9AC	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Li, Zhao-Yi;Zhang, Feng	Li, Zhao-Yi, Zhang, Feng (2024): A survey of cheiracanthiid spiders (Araneae: Cheiracanthiidae) from Hainan Island, China. Journal of Natural History 58 (1 - 4): 167-188, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2023.2287267, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2023.2287267
03F687F6FFC8FFF1FECA26C1FB18F954.text	03F687F6FFC8FFF1FECA26C1FB18F954.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cheiracanthium exquestitum Zhang and Zhu 1993	<div><p>Cheiracanthium exquestitum Zhang and Zhu, 1993</p><p>(Figures 4–5, 9)</p><p>Cheiracanthium exquestitum Zhang and Zhu 1993: 5, figs. 1–2 (♀); Zhang and Yin 1999: 287, figs. 8–11 (♀, ♂ misidentified, may be a new species); Yin et al. 2012: 1047, fig. 544a–e (♀, ♂ misidentified, may be a new species).</p><p>Cheiracanthium exquistitum Song et al. 1999: 413, figs. 241 K–L, 243 G–H (♀, ♂ misidentified, may be a new species) (misspelled name).</p><p>Cheiracanthium ningmingensis Zhang and Yin 1999: 285, figs. 1–3 (♂); Song et al. 1999: 413, fig. 243 M–N (♂); Yin et al. 2012: 1052, fig. 548a–d (♂). (syn. n.).</p><p>Type material</p><p>Holotype (♀) of C. exquestitum Zhang and Zhu, 1993 (No. 75–1053, deposited in JLU), China, Hainan, Ledong County, Jianfengling Nature Reserve, 12 December 1975, Chuandian Zhu leg, examined by prof. Feng Zhang . Holotype (♂) of C. ningmingense Zhang and Yin, 1999 (deposited in HNNU), China, Guangxi, Ningming County, Tongmian Town, 16 May 1997, Yongjing Zhang leg, not examined .</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>The males (Figure 5e–g) are similar to those of C. falcatum Chen, Huang, Chen and Wang, 2006 (Chen et al. 2006, p. 12, fig. 2A–B) and C. simaoensis Zhang and Yin, 1999 (Zhang and Yin 1999, p. 286, figs. 4–5) in the general shape of the embolus, sperm ducts, cymbial spur and DTA, but can be distinguished by the forked RTA in ventral view (vs not forked in latter two species). The females (Figures 4 and 5c–d) are similar to those of C. falcatum Chen, Huang, Chen and Wang, 2006 (Chen et al. 2006, p. 12, fig. 2D–E) in having spiraling copulatory ducts and globular spermathecae, but can be distinguished by the presence of 4 spiral coils of copulatory ducts (vs 3 coils in C. falcatum).</p><p>Redescription</p><p>Male. (Figure 5b) One specimen was measured: total length 8.23: carapace length 3.53, width 2.69; abdomen length 4.70, width 2.06. Carapace reddish brown with indistinct radial stripes. Chelicerae protruding and coloured the same as carapace, with 3 promarginal and 2 retromarginal teeth. Sternum and labium dark yellow, endites reddish brown, longer than wide. Legs coloured almost the same as carapace, without distinct colour markings. Leg measurements: I 32.29 (7.31, 1.42, 9.38, 10.84, 3.34), II 19.85 (5.01, 1.12, 5.64, 6.30, 1.78), III 11.05 (2.57, 0.59, 2.99, 3.41, 1.49), IV 20.05 (4.83, 1.10, 5.93, 6.46, 1.73). Abdomen lanceolate, dorsally orange-yellow, with black hairs and 2 pairs of inconspicuous muscle depressions.</p><p>Palp as illustrated. (Figure 5e–g) Tibia long, ca. 3/4 of cymbium length; RTA long, ca. 2/ 3 of tibia length, with a biforked tip, and the retrolateral one slightly longer than the prolateral one from ventral view, DTA thin and stalk-shaped, ca. 1/2 of RTA length; cymbium almost 2 times longer than wide; tip of cymbium long, ca. 1/4 of cymbium length; cymbial furrow strongly developed and conspicuous, about 3/4 cymbium length; cymbial spur shorter than tibia length; tegulum oval, ca. 1.8 times longer than wide; median apophysis long and membranous, length longer than tegulum width, with a hook-shaped tip in ventral view; embolus filiform, originating on the tegular tip, about 11 o’clock position, extending clockwise along the tegular margin and ending at conductor apex; conductor large and membranous, base wide, gradually tapering towards apex; sperm duct distinct and semicircular.</p><p>Female. (Figure 5a) One specimen was measured: total length 6.79: carapace length 3.01, width 2.24; abdomen length 3.78, width 2.16. Carapace pale yellow with indistinct radial stripes. Eye area obviously wider than in male. Leg measurements: I 16.67 (4.46, 1.17, 4.70, 4.91, 1.43), II 9.10 (2.74, 0.74, 2.50, 2.34, 0.78), III 6.30 (1.43, 0.58, 1.66, 1.90, 0.73), IV 9.98 (3.05, 0.87, 2.24, 2.93, 0.89). Abdomen elongate-oval, dorsally pale yellow, lighter anteriorly, darker posteriorly.</p><p>Epigyne. (Figures 4 and 5c–d) Atrium transverse oval, ca. 2 times wider than long, atrial anterior margin arc-shaped and heavily sclerotised, posterior margin inconspicuous; 2 copulatory openings located at postero-lateral margins of atrium; part of dark copulatory duct and spermathecae visible through tegument of epigynal plate in ventral view; spermathecae globular, spaced by about 1.5 diameters, connected with complicated spiral-coiled copulatory duct (each ascending portion of copulatory duct coils forming 4 entwined loops and then downward to form a nearly straight descending portion leading to a global spermatheca).</p><p>Material examined</p><p>CHINA: Hainan. 2♂ 2♀, Ledong County, Jianfengling Nature Reserve, 18 July 2022, 18.7098°N, 108.8765°E, 960 m, Lu Zhang and Weihang Wang leg; 3♂ 2♀, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=109.6729&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=18.8699" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 109.6729/lat 18.8699)">Jianfengling Nature Reserve</a>, Tianchi, 29 May 2009, Chao Zhang leg ; 3♂, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=109.6729&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=18.8699" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 109.6729/lat 18.8699)">Jianfengling Nature Reserve</a>, 11 November 2008, Mingsheng Zhu leg ; 1♀, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=109.6729&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=18.8699" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 109.6729/lat 18.8699)">Jianfengling Nature Reserve</a>, 13 July 2003, Mingsheng Zhu leg ; 5♂ 1, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=109.6729&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=18.8699" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 109.6729/lat 18.8699)">Changjiang County</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=109.6729&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=18.8699" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 109.6729/lat 18.8699)">Bawangling Nature Reserve</a>, 23 May 2009, Chao Zhang leg ; 2♂ 2♀, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=109.6729&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=18.8699" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 109.6729/lat 18.8699)">Bawangling Nature Reserve</a>, 30 May 2001, Chao Zhang leg ; 2♂ 3♀, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=109.6729&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=18.8699" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 109.6729/lat 18.8699)">Qiongzhong County</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=109.6729&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=18.8699" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 109.6729/lat 18.8699)">Limu Mountain Nature Reserve</a>, 20 November 2008, Mingsheng Zhu leg ; 1♀, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=109.6729&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=18.8699" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 109.6729/lat 18.8699)">Limu Mountain Nature Reserve</a>, 22 January 2015, Chi Jin leg ; 1♀, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=109.6729&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=18.8699" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 109.6729/lat 18.8699)">Lingshui County</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=109.6729&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=18.8699" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 109.6729/lat 18.8699)">Diaoluo Mountain Nature Reserve</a>, 8 June 2009, Chao Zhang leg ; 1♂, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=109.6729&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=18.8699" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 109.6729/lat 18.8699)">Diaoluo Mountain Nature Reserve</a>, 27 January 2015, Chi Jin leg ; 3♂, Danzhou City, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=109.6729&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=18.8699" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 109.6729/lat 18.8699)">Fanjia Nature Reserve</a>, 15 May 2009, Chao Zhang leg ; 1♀, Wuzhishan City, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=109.6729&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=18.8699" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 109.6729/lat 18.8699)">Shuiman Town</a>, Wuzhishan Tropical Rainforest Beauty Spot, 7 April 2016, 18.8699°N, 109.6729°E, 800 m, Chi Jin leg.</p><p>Other material examined. CHINA: Guangxi: 1♂ 1♀, Fusui County, Bapen Township, 16 June 2016, 22.2406°N, 107.8905°E, 145 m, Chi Jin leg; 1♀, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=108.365&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=23.495" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 108.365/lat 23.495)">Chongzuo City</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=108.365&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=23.495" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 108.365/lat 23.495)">Zuozhou Town</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=108.365&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=23.495" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 108.365/lat 23.495)">Guanghe Village</a>, 8 June 2016, 22.5766°N, 107.4219°E, 1920 m, Chi Jin leg; 2♂, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=108.365&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=23.495" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 108.365/lat 23.495)">Nanning City</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=108.365&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=23.495" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 108.365/lat 23.495)">Liangjiang Town</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=108.365&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=23.495" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 108.365/lat 23.495)">Daming Mountain Forest Park</a>, 8 August 2018, 23.4950°N, 108.3650° E, 251 m, Baoshi Zhang leg. Guizhou: 2♂, Libo County, Jiarong Town, Laji Village, 30 July 2019, 40.6150°N, 44.9681°E, 1920 m, Zhaoyi Li leg. Jiangxi: 1♀, Tonggu County, Daduan Town, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=114.5347&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=28.6368" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 114.5347/lat 28.6368)">Tianzhufeng Forest Park</a>, 1 August 2018, 28.6368°N, 114.5347°E, 268 m, Zhaoyi Li leg. Yunnan: 1♂, Mengla County, Menglun Town, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=101.2698&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=21.9101" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 101.2698/lat 21.9101)">Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden</a>, 12 July 2018, 21.9101°N, 101.2698°E, 605 m, Chi Jin leg. Fujian: 1♂, Wuyishan City, near the Wuyishan Railway Station, 18 August 2010, Feng Zhang leg. Sichuan: 1♂, Leshan City, Emei Mountain, 26 July 2003, Junxia Zhang leg.</p><p>Distribution</p><p>China (Hainan, Yunnan, Guangxi, Guizhou, Jiangxi, Fujian, Sichuan).</p><p>Remarks</p><p>Zhang and Zhu (1993) described C. exquestitum based on a single female holotype specimen from Jianfengling, Ledong County, Hainan Island . Zhang and Yin (1999) reported the male of C. exquestitum for the first time and redescribed the female based on the materials collected from Longsheng County of Guangxi (1♂ 2♀, but with different collected date), Longshan County (2♀) and Luxi County (1♀) of Hunan.</p><p>We re-examined the female holotype of C. exquestitu m (collected by Chuandian Zhu in 1975 from Jianfengling, Ledong County, Hainan Island) and a male described by Zhang and Yin (1999) (collected by Yongjing Zhang in 1996 from Longsheng County, Guangxi). We found the female and male have distinctly different habitus (abdomen without distinct colour pattern in female, but with dense white freckles and a narrow medial longitudinal band in male) and different numbers of cheliceral teeth (chelicerae with 3 promarginal and 2 retromarginal teeth in female, but with 2 promarginal and 1 retromarginal teeth in male, so the male and female should be considered separate species.</p><p>However, we found many female specimens of C. exquestitum and males of C. ningmingense are collected in pairs from the same type location as C. exquestitum and other places (see material examined, above); they all have similar habitus (body without distinct colour pattern), and the same number of cheliceral teeth. In addition, the male of C. exquestitum reported by Zhang and Yin (1999) and other specimens examined in their study were not collected from the type location of C. exquestitum . Consequently, we consider that males of C. ningmingense and females of C. exquestitum are conspecific. As a result, C. ningmingense Zhang and Yin, 1999 is synonymised with C. exquestitum Zhang and Zhu, 1993 in this study, and is defined as male of C. exquestitum . The male specimen from Guangxi described by Zhang and Yin (1999) as the male of C. exquestitum was misidentified by them, and by Yin et al. (2012) and Song et al. (1999); it may be a new species and needs to be studied further.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F687F6FFC8FFF1FECA26C1FB18F954	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Li, Zhao-Yi;Zhang, Feng	Li, Zhao-Yi, Zhang, Feng (2024): A survey of cheiracanthiid spiders (Araneae: Cheiracanthiidae) from Hainan Island, China. Journal of Natural History 58 (1 - 4): 167-188, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2023.2287267, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2023.2287267
03F687F6FFCCFFF2FEC526C1FF45F956.text	03F687F6FFCCFFF2FEC526C1FF45F956.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cheiracanthium insigne O. Pickard-Cambridge 1874	<div><p>Cheiracanthium insigne O. Pickard-Cambridge 1874</p><p>(Figures 6, 9)</p><p>Cheiracanthium insigne O. Pickard-Cambridge 1874: 408, pl. 52, fig. 32 (♂ ♀); Lo et al. 2021: 141, figs. 1a–c, 2a–c (♂ ♀).</p><p>For a full bibliography concerning this species see WSC (2023).</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>The male of this species (Figure 6e–g) can be easily distinguished from congeneric species by the following characteristics: (1) tegulum without median apophysis; (2) tegulum membranous, strongly developed, twisted and overly expanded into semi-transparent flange on the bulb; (3) embolus long, curved along with tegular flange. The females (Figure 6c–d) are similar to those of C. rupicola (Thorell, 1897) (Liu et al. 2019: 317, figs. 1D– E, 2D–E) in having strongly convoluted copulatory ducts, but can be distinguished by (1): the presence of 11 spiral coils of copulatory ducts (vs 9 coils); (2) the arc-shaped atrial anterior margin (vs arched).</p><p>Description</p><p>See Lo et al. (2021) for both sexes. Habitus, male palp and epigyne as in Figure 6a–g.</p><p>Material examined</p><p>CHINA: Hainan: 1♂ 1♀, Ledong County, Jianfengling Nature Reserve, 12 November 2008, Mingsheng Zhu leg; 1♂ 2♀, Danzhou City, Fanjia Nature Reserve, 14 May 2009, Chao Zhang leg; 1♂ 1♀, Lingshui County, Diaoluo Mountain Nature Reserve, 6 June 2009, Chao Zhang leg; 1♂ 3♀, Changjiang County, Bawangling Nature Reserve, 31 May 2011, Chao Zhang leg.</p><p>Other material examined. CHINA: Guangxi: 2♂ 2♀, Fusui County, Bapen Township, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=108.3578&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=23.4934" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 108.3578/lat 23.4934)">Bapen National Forest Park</a>, 17 August 2004, Mingsheng Zhu leg; 1♂ 1♀, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=108.3578&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=23.4934" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 108.3578/lat 23.4934)">Beiliu City</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=108.3578&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=23.4934" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 108.3578/lat 23.4934)">Mingle Town</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=108.3578&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=23.4934" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 108.3578/lat 23.4934)">Darong Shan Forest Park</a>, 21 August 2018, 20.8554°N, 110.2696°E, 745 m, Yannan Mu leg; 2♂ 5♀, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=108.3578&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=23.4934" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 108.3578/lat 23.4934)">Wuming District</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=108.3578&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=23.4934" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 108.3578/lat 23.4934)">Liangjiang Town</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=108.3578&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=23.4934" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 108.3578/lat 23.4934)">Neichao Village</a>, 7 August 2018, 23.4934°N, 108.3578°E, 186 m, Chen Zhang leg. Yunnan: 1♂ 2♀, Mengla County, Menglun Town, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=101.2557&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=21.9406" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 101.2557/lat 21.9406)">Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden</a>, 14 August 2019, 22.9248°N, 101.2630°E, 1920 m, Yannan Mu leg; 3♂ 3♀, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=101.2557&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=21.9406" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 101.2557/lat 21.9406)">Mengla County</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=101.2557&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=21.9406" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 101.2557/lat 21.9406)">Menglun Town</a>, 12 August 2019, 21.9406° N, 101.2557°E, 645 m, Yang Chen leg. Xizang: 1♂ 2♀, Medog County, Beibeng Township, 11 August 2003, Feng Zhang leg; 1♂, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=95.2805&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=29.296" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 95.2805/lat 29.296)">Medog County</a>, Medog County Town, Yayang Village, 22 May 2019, 29.2960°N, 95.2805°E, 761 m, Hui Wang leg. Taiwan: 1♂ 1♀, Pingdong County, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=120.8111&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=21.9398" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 120.8111/lat 21.9398)">Kenting National Park</a>, 29 June 2013, 21.9398°N, 120.8111°E, 75 m, Luyu Wang .</p><p>Distribution</p><p>China (Hainan, Guangxi, Yunnan, Xizang, Taiwan), India, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Myanmar, Laos.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F687F6FFCCFFF2FEC526C1FF45F956	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Li, Zhao-Yi;Zhang, Feng	Li, Zhao-Yi, Zhang, Feng (2024): A survey of cheiracanthiid spiders (Araneae: Cheiracanthiidae) from Hainan Island, China. Journal of Natural History 58 (1 - 4): 167-188, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2023.2287267, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2023.2287267
03F687F6FFD2FFECFE6026C1FCDFFA4B.text	03F687F6FFD2FFECFE6026C1FCDFFA4B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cheiracanthium taegense Paik 1990	<div><p>Cheiracanthium taegense Paik, 1990</p><p>(Figures 7, 9)</p><p>Cheiracanthium taegense Paik 1990: 11, figs. 39–57 (♂ ♀).</p><p>For a full bibliography concerning this species see WSC (2023).</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>The male of this species (Figures 7e–g) resembles that of C. echinulatum Zhang, Zhang and Yu, 2018 (Zhang et al. 2018, p. 38, fig. 2A–F) in having the similar beak-shaped cymbial spur, and stalk-like dorsal tibial apophysis, but can be distinguished by: (1) median apophysis wavy and about 1/3 of tegulum length (vs straight and acicular, about 1/5 of tegulum length); (2) RTA curved and with a hook-shaped apex (vs straight and digitiform); (3) the embolus originating at 1–2 o’clock position (vs 3 o’clock). The female (Figure 7c–d) resembles that of C. liuyangense Xie, Yin, Yan and Kim, 1996 (Xie et al. 1996, p. 97, figs. 2–3) in having bulb-shaped spermathecae and irregularly twisted copulatory ducts, but can be distinguished by: (1) the wider, medially slightly depressed anterior margin of atrium; (2) the longer, strongly twisting copulatory ducts.</p><p>Description</p><p>See Yin et al. (2012) for both sexes. Habitus, male palp and epigyne as in Figure 7a–g.</p><p>Material examined</p><p>CHINA. Hainan: 1♂ 3♀, Ledong County, Jianfengling Nature Reserve, 12 November 2008, Mingsheng Zhu leg .</p><p>Other material examined. CHINA: Zhejiang: 3♂ 5♀, Yin County, Tiantong Mountain Forest Park, June 1990, Yongjing Zhang leg; 2♂ 1♀, Hangzhou City, Qingliangfeng Town, Shunxi Village, 17 May 2012, Chi Jin leg; 1♂ 2♀, Hangzhou City, Chanyuan Temple, 13 June 2014, Fubin Zhang leg. Hunan: 2♀, Tongdao County, 28 May 2002, Zhisheng Zhang leg. Fujian: 1♂, Wuyishan City, Wuyishan Nature Reserve, Paradise valley, 9 June 2013, Chi Jin leg. Anhui: 1♀, Jixi County, Fuling Town, Yonglai Village, 23 July 2013, Zhiyue Li leg; 1♂, Hangzhou City, Qingliangfeng Nature Reserve, 8 June 2014, Shanjie Zha leg.</p><p>Distribution</p><p>China (Hainan, Zhejing, Anhui, Fujian, Hunan), Korea, Japan.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F687F6FFD2FFECFE6026C1FCDFFA4B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Li, Zhao-Yi;Zhang, Feng	Li, Zhao-Yi, Zhang, Feng (2024): A survey of cheiracanthiid spiders (Araneae: Cheiracanthiidae) from Hainan Island, China. Journal of Natural History 58 (1 - 4): 167-188, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2023.2287267, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2023.2287267
03F687F6FFD2FFEEFDB423AEFCE9FEEE.text	03F687F6FFD2FFEEFDB423AEFCE9FEEE.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Eutittha Thorell 1878	<div><p>Eutittha Thorell, 1878</p><p>Eutittha Thorell 1878: 178; Esyunin and Zamani 2020: 1296.</p><p>Type species</p><p>Eutittha insulana Thorell, 1878, by original monotypy.</p><p>Comments</p><p>Esyunin and Zamani (2020) removed Eutittha from synonymy with Cheiracanthium C. L. Koch 1839 and provided a diagnosis and redescription. Currently this genus includes nine valid species, with one species recorded from China (WSC 2023).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F687F6FFD2FFEEFDB423AEFCE9FEEE	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Li, Zhao-Yi;Zhang, Feng	Li, Zhao-Yi, Zhang, Feng (2024): A survey of cheiracanthiid spiders (Araneae: Cheiracanthiidae) from Hainan Island, China. Journal of Natural History 58 (1 - 4): 167-188, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2023.2287267, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2023.2287267
03F687F6FFD0FFE8FE57272AFCA0FD1D.text	03F687F6FFD0FFE8FE57272AFCA0FD1D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Eutittha hainanensis Li & Zhang 2024	<div><p>Eutittha hainanensis sp. n.</p><p>(Figures 8, 9)</p><p>Type material</p><p>Holotype. ♀, CHINA, Hainan, Ledong County, Jianfengling Nature Reserve, 15 December 2003, Mingsheng Zhu leg.</p><p>Etymology</p><p>The species name is a toponym in apposition referring to the type locality.</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>This species (Figure 8b–c) resembles E. submordax (Zhang, Zhu and Hu, 1993) (Zhang et al. 1993, p. 106, fig. 2), E. brevicalcarata (L. Koch, 1873) (Deeleman-Reinhold 2001, p. 231, fig. 285), E. mordax (L. Koch, 1866) (Dondale 1966, p. 1178, fig. 6I; Hidaka 2022, p. 173, fig. 16) and E. stratiotica (L. Koch, 1873) (Forste 1979, p. 92, figs. 355–356) in having dumbbell-shaped spermathecae, but can be distinguished by the number of coils of copulatory ducts (2 spiral coils in E. hainanensis, vs 4 coils in E. brevicalcarata and E. submordax, 3 coils in E. mordax and E. stratiotica).</p><p>Description</p><p>Female (holotype). (Figure 8a) Total length 7.61: carapace length 3.57, width 2.51; abdomen length 4.04, width 1.79. Carapace orange-yellow, with indistinct radial striaes. All eyes with black rings, AER and PER slightly recurved, PER slightly wider than AER in dorsal view. Eye sizes and interdistances: AME 0.18, ALE 0.15, PME 0.15, PLE 0.13; AME– AME 0.38, AME–ALE 0.18, PME–PME 0.30, PME–PLE 0.24; MOA 0.55 long, front width 0.71, back width 0.62. Chelicerae reddish brown, with 3 promarginal and 2 retromarginal teeth, with dense scopula in both margins. Sternum pale yellow. Labium and endites yellowish brown, anterior edge with clearly scopula. Legs pale yellow, without distinct markings. Leg measurements: I 21.14 (3.85, 1.15, 4.76, 7.30, 4.08), II 12.84 (3.51, 1.14, 3.61, 3.52, 1.06), III 11.11 (3.14, 0.94, 2.44, 3.55, 1.04), IV 14.80 (3.67, 1.14, 4.33, 4.03, 1.60). Abdomen longitudinal ovoid, dorsally with a pale yellow medial longitudinal band enclosed by 2 white wide bands, terminal part with a diamond-shaped yellow band.</p><p>Epigyne. (Figure 8b–c) Atrium ca. 1.3 times wider than long, atrial anterior margin archshaped and heavily sclerotised, posterior margin inconspicuous; 2 copulatory openings located at postero-lateral margins of atrium; part of dark copulatory duct and spermathecae visible through tegument of epigynal plate in ventral view; spermathecae constricted in the middle, dumbbell-shaped, connected with simple spiral-coiled copulatory duct (each ascending portion of copulatory duct coils forming 2 entwined loops and then descending into the spermatheca).</p><p>Male. Unknown.</p><p>Distribution</p><p>Presently known from the type locality only, Hainan, China .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F687F6FFD0FFE8FE57272AFCA0FD1D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Li, Zhao-Yi;Zhang, Feng	Li, Zhao-Yi, Zhang, Feng (2024): A survey of cheiracanthiid spiders (Araneae: Cheiracanthiidae) from Hainan Island, China. Journal of Natural History 58 (1 - 4): 167-188, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2023.2287267, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2023.2287267
