taxonID	type	description	language	source
03F487A8394D42377D8CFA99F021F864.taxon	description	(Figs. 2 C; 4 A – C; 14 A – C)	en	CASTRO, PETER, NG, PETER K. L. (2010): Revision of the family Euryplacidae Stimpson, 1871 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Goneplacoidea). Zootaxa 2375 (1): 1-130, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1
03F487A8394D42377D8CFA99F021F864.taxon	description	4 [China] [part]. — Dai & Yang 1991: 401 [in key], 403, fig. 196 (2), pl. 54, fig. 4 [China] [part]. — Naiyanetr 1998: 78; 2007: 90 [Gulf of Thailand] [part]. — Ng et al. 2008: 78 [in list] [part]. — Yang et al. 2008: 770 [in list] [China] [part]. (?) Eucrate crenata var. dentata — Alcock 1900: 299 [in key], 301 [Hong Kong]. not Eucrate alcocki — Sakai 1976: 535 [in key], 536, pl. 192, fig. 2 [Taiwan]. — Ng et al. 2001: 34 [discussion], fig. 7 g [colour] [Taiwan]. — Hsueh & Huang 2001: 130 [in key], 132, figs. 8 G, 16 [Taiwan]. (= Eucrate formosensis Sakai, 1974) Eucrate maculata Yang & Sun 1979: 3, 9, fig. 2, plate, figs. 3, 4, 8 [China]. not Eucrate alcocki — Ng & Davie 2002: 378 [Andaman Sea coast of Thailand]. — Rajkumar et al. 2009: 832, fig. 1 [India] (= Eucrate indica n. sp.)	en	CASTRO, PETER, NG, PETER K. L. (2010): Revision of the family Euryplacidae Stimpson, 1871 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Goneplacoidea). Zootaxa 2375 (1): 1-130, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1
03F487A8394D42377D8CFA99F021F864.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Male holotype, 21.2 mm × 24.6 mm (MNHN-B 10134); 1 female, cl 20.8 mm [remainder of carapace damaged], same data as holotype, designated herein as paratype (MNHN-B 10133). Type locality. Viet Nam, Nhatrang Bay. Type material of Eucrate maculata Yang & Sun, 1979, male holotype (BMNH J 79139; 1 male paratype, 15.9 mm × 18.7 mm (BMNH J 79139; Fig. 4 C); type locality: China, Fujian Province, Dongshan. Material examined. Hong Kong. Unknown location, 1992: 3 males (SWIMS CRU- 92 - 002); pre-adult female (SWIMS SML-Z- 419). Viet Nam. Nhatrang Bay, R. Serène coll., 1958, ION 9688, photograph ION 911: male holotype, 21.2 mm × 24.6 mm (MNHN-B 10134); R. Serène coll., 1958, ION 44.144: 1 female paratype, cl 20.8 mm [rest of carapace damaged] (MNHN-B 10133); Institute Océanographique Nhatrang leg., récolte 2558, no. E 48.363, 13.11.1969: 1 male, 26.1 mm × 30.5 mm; récolte 2552, no. E 48.2231, 09.09.1969: 1 female, 18.2 mm × 21.4 mm (MNHN-B 10135); N. V. Luom coll., 13.11.1969, R. Serène id.: 1 male, 20.2 mm × 23.0 mm (ZRC 1970.8.24.2); 20 – 30 m, 22.08.1995: 2 males, 22.5 mm × 26.7 mm, 25.3 mm × 29.2 mm, 1 female, 20.8 mm × 23.5 mm (MNHN-B 30543). Philippines. MUSORSTOM 1: stn. 1, 14 ° 28 ' N, 120 ° 42 ' E, 36 – 37 m, 18.03.1976: 1 male, 23.6 mm × 28.4 mm (MNHN-B 10346). Thailand. Gulf of Thailand, Chonburi, Angsila fishing port, P. K. L. Ng coll., 29.09.1998: 1 male, 17.3 mm × 19.0 mm, 7 males, 18.9 mm × 22.1 mm, 18.9 mm × 21.9 mm, 19.0 mm × 22.5 mm, 19.4 mm × 22.1 mm, 22.0 mm × 25.2 mm, 22.00 mm × 25.3 mm, 19.0 mm × 22.3 mm, 9 females, 14.3 mm × 16.3 mm, 14.7 mm × 17.0 mm, 15.7 mm × 18.0 mm, 17.3 mm × 20.1 mm, 17.5 mm × 20.7 mm, 17.8 mm × 21.0 mm, 18. 8 mm × 22.4 mm, 18.0 mm × 21.6 mm, 19.2 mm × 23.3 mm (ZRC 1998.1055); 11.1999: 1 male, 17.7 mm × 21.2 mm, 1 female, 20.6 mm × 24.2 mm (ZRC 2000.022). Gulf of Thailand, 150 km SW of Bangkok, A. C. J. Burgers leg., 05 – 18.11.1986: 1 female, 17.9 mm × 20.3 mm (RMNH D 36596). Gulf of Thailand, Songkhla, Sakom fishing port, P. K. L. Ng et al. coll., 15 – 17.10.2003: 1 female, 15.1 mm × 17.7 mm (ZRC 2003.0605). Gulf of Thailand, Pattani fishing port, P. K. L. Ng et al. coll., 16.10.2003: 1 ovigerous female, 18.4 mm × 21.2 mm (ZRC 2003.0621). Singapore. East coast, fishermen tangle nets, 5 – 7 m, P. K. L. Ng coll., 01.1986: 1 male, 17.5 mm × 20. 7 mm (ZRC 1999.1189). Unknown location. Capt. E. Sirencom leg., 12.1993: 2 females, 17.4 mm × 20.6 mm, 19.7 mm × 22.9 mm (MNHN-B 22358).	en	CASTRO, PETER, NG, PETER K. L. (2010): Revision of the family Euryplacidae Stimpson, 1871 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Goneplacoidea). Zootaxa 2375 (1): 1-130, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1
03F487A8394D42377D8CFA99F021F864.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Third anterolateral tooth absent or reduced as slight elevation, carapace with relatively long posterolateral borders (Figs. 2 C; 4 A – C). P 5 propodus slender (Fig. 2 C). Varying number of large, irregular red-brown spots across carapace, with smaller, anterior spots or dots (Fig. 2 C).	en	CASTRO, PETER, NG, PETER K. L. (2010): Revision of the family Euryplacidae Stimpson, 1871 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Goneplacoidea). Zootaxa 2375 (1): 1-130, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1
03F487A8394D42377D8CFA99F021F864.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Eucrate alcocki is morphologically very close to E. formosensis, E. indica n. sp., and E. sexdentata. The three species share a well developed and dorsally elevated second anterolateral tooth that sometimes has an acute tip, a third anterolateral tooth that is absent or nearly absent, even in small individuals, and long, slender ambulatory legs, the distal end of the P 5 merus reaching between the second anterolateral tooth and the slight elevation that often indicates the missing third anterolateral tooth (Figs. 2 C – F; 4; 8 A, B; 9 A; 10 A, B). Sakai (1976: 537) commented that in E. alcocki and E. formosensis the P 5 dactylus is “ slender and markedly recurved ”, whereas in E. dorsalis and E. sexdentata the dactylus is “ straight and not recurved ”. The distal third of the dactylus has nevertheless been found to be dorsally recurved in all species of Eucrate sensu lato. Eucrate formosensis Sakai, 1974, was placed in synonymy with E. alcocki by Sakai (1976) (see also Ng et al. 2001) but its unique colour pattern warrants regarding it as a separate species (see Remarks for E. formosensis below). Eucrate maculata Yang & Sun, 1979, was similarly included as a synonym of E. alcocki by Dai & Yang (1991). Photographs of the dry male paratype of E. maculata (Fig. 4 C; 15.9 mm × 18.7 mm, BMNH J 79139), however, confirm the synonymy. It is also clearly apparent from the photograph of the dorsal surface of the carapace of the holotype (Yang & Sun 1979: plate, fig. 3; Ng et al. 2001: 34, fig. 7 g). The spots diagnostic of T. alcocki can still be faintly seen on both the holotype and paratype (Fig. 4 C) of E. maculata. Eucrate sexdentata has so far been unquestionably recorded only from Queensland, Australia, whereas E. alcocki is known as far south as Singapore. One feature distinguishing the two species is the complete absence of a frontal notch (or inconspicuous, if present) in E. alcocki, a character noted by Serène (in Serène & Lohavanijaya 1973: 71) when comparing his new species with E. crenata (De Haan, 1835). The notch is well developed in E. sexdentata. Serène (in Serène & Lohavanijaya 1973) unfortunately did not compare E. alcocki with E. sexdentata although he must have seen the figures given by Campbell (1969: fig. 1). The two species also differ in their colour patterns. Whereas E. alcocki has mostly small spots across the anterior two thirds of the carapace (Figs. 2 C; 4 A, B; see “ Colour ” below), E. sexdentata has many relatively large reddish spots on the carapace (Campbell 1969: fig. 1 B; barely visible in Fig. 10 A). Campbell (1969: 120) described the colour pattern as “ pale cream with purple-pink spots … or with two additional posterior spots ”. The G 1 and G 2 of E. alcocki, E. formosensis, E. indica, and E. sexdentata are similar. The G 1 and G 2 of E. alcocki are illustrated herein for the first time (Fig. 14 A – C). Differences between E. alcocki and E. indica n. sp. are discussed in the description of the latter (see below). There are also similarities between E. alcocki and E. dorsalis in terms of the salient second anterolateral teeth, but the first anterolateral teeth are much shorter than in E. dorsalis, where both the first and second teeth become shorter with size and ultimately almost disappear in large specimens (Campbell 1969: fig. 6 K). In addition to the male holotype (MNHN-B 10134), a specimen labelled as such and which was clearly shown as “ type ” in Serène & Lohavanijaya (1973: 71, pl. 16, fig. B), a second specimen from the type locality (MNHN-B 10135) also carries a label by Serène designating it the “ holotype ”. Although this second specimen (Serène & Lohavanijaya 1973: 71, pl. 16, fig. C), a female (erroneously referred to as a “ juvenile female ”), is now badly damaged, it shows the characteristics diagnostic of the species and is here recognised as a paratype. Colour pattern. There is some variation in the pattern of spots on the carapace (Figs. 2 C; 4 A, B). The dorsal surface of the carapace invariably has a varying number of large, often irregular red-brown spots across in addition to smaller spots or dots anterior to the large spots. The anterior spots vary from medium-size spots that decrease in size anteriorly to many spots of evenly small size. The male holotype from Viet Nam (Serène & Lohavanijaya 1973: pl. 16, fig. B) shows many small dots plus three large ones. The specimen now designated as paratype, referred to by Serène & Lohavanijaya (1973) as a “ juvenile female ” (see Remarks above) has many small, anterior spots plus irregular, large spots on the rest of the dorsal surface of the carapace, and small spots on the chelipeds (Serène & Lohavanijaya 1973: pl. 16, fig. C). Serène & Lohavanijaya (1973: 71) describe the species as having “ generally very bright colors, the pattern distribution of the color being variable; generally there is a larger median gastric red-brown spot and a pair of smaller but similar epigastric spots ”. Three specimens from Viet Nam collected in 1995 (MNHN-B 30543) still show a pattern where the size and shape of the spots are different in each of the specimens. A round or triangular central spot on the gastric region is flanked by two smaller, irregular spots in all specimens. The eight spots immediately above are relatively large in the female, much smaller in the two males. The spots are numerous and small along the anterior border of the carapace in all three specimens. Small dots are still visible on the chelipeds of the female. According to Serène & Lohavanijaya (1973), the records of Eucrate crenata var. dentata by Alcock (1900: 299, 301) from India and Hong Kong (see also Indian list in Sankarankutty 1966: 350) may be Eucrate alcocki. However, as Alcock’s notes are so brief, we cannot be certain. Certainly they are unlikely to be Trissoplax dentata (Stimpson, 1858) as defined here (see below). If Serène & Lohavanijaya (1973) are correct, then the Hong Kong record is probably E. alcocki whereas the Indian one is more likely to be E. indica n. sp. (see below). Chhapgar’s (1957: 39, pl. 11, figs. j, k, l) record of “ Eucrate crenata dentata ”, however, is clearly Trissoplax dentata (Stimpson, 1858) (see below).	en	CASTRO, PETER, NG, PETER K. L. (2010): Revision of the family Euryplacidae Stimpson, 1871 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Goneplacoidea). Zootaxa 2375 (1): 1-130, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1
03F487A8394D42377D8CFA99F021F864.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Southern China (Yang & Sun 1979, as E. maculata Yang & Sun, 1979), Hong Kong, Philippines, Viet Nam, Gulf of Thailand, eastern Peninsular Malaysia, Singapore. Depth: subtidal to 37 m.	en	CASTRO, PETER, NG, PETER K. L. (2010): Revision of the family Euryplacidae Stimpson, 1871 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Goneplacoidea). Zootaxa 2375 (1): 1-130, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1
03F487A83948423D7D8CFA99F1B6FE6F.taxon	description	(Figs. 2 A, B; 3 A – G; 14 D – F)	en	CASTRO, PETER, NG, PETER K. L. (2010): Revision of the family Euryplacidae Stimpson, 1871 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Goneplacoidea). Zootaxa 2375 (1): 1-130, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1
03F487A83948423D7D8CFA99F1B6FE6F.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Male lectotype, 2 female paralectotypes (RMNH D 287); 2 dry female paralectotypes (RMNH D 42176); mouthparts of paralectoptype (RMNH D 42177) (see Yamaguchi & Baba 1993: 433; 2003: 52; Fransen et al. 1997: 111). Type locality. Japan, unknown location. Type material of Pilumnoplax sulcatifrons Stimpson, 1858, lost; type locality: Hong Kong. Neotype of Pilumnoplax sulcatifrons Stimpson, 1858 (see Remarks below): male, 34.0 mm × 49.1 mm (QM W 27449; Figs. 3, 14 D – F); type locality: Hong Kong, New Territories, Mirs Bay, mouth of Tolo Channel, stn. 2, 22 ° 47 ’ N, 114 ° 28 ’ E, P. Davie coll., 12.04.1989. Material examined. Mediterranean Sea, Israel. Off Palmahim, 36 m, B. Galil coll., 03.06.2000: 1 male, 21.8 mm × 28.3 mm (RMNH 48621). Suez Canal. A. Gravel coll., 1932: 11 males, 2 females (MNHN-B 10145); Great Bitter Lake? (“ Tiursah Lake ”), A. Gravel coll., 1933: 9 males, 20.2 mm × 26.6 mm, 18.3 mm × 23.5 mm, 17.1 mm × 21.7 mm, 15.6 mm × 20.0 mm, 11.8 mm × 16.2 mm, 10.0 mm × 13.2 mm, cl 10.0 mm [rest of carapace damaged], 8.6 mm × 11.4 mm, 7.6 mm × 9.2 mm; 4 females, 20.2 mm × 25.5 mm, 10.7 mm × 12.7 mm, 9.3 mm × 11.3 mm, 8.0 mm × 9.9 mm (MNHN-B 10146), 1 male, 20.2 mm × 25.6 mm (MNHN-B 9316). Red Sea. F. Jousseaume coll., 1897 (G. Nobili det., 1905): 2 males, 12.4 mm × 16.2 mm, 10.4 mm × 13.9 mm, 1 male, 19.2 mm × 25.0 mm (MNHN-B 10148); F. Jousseaume coll.? (G. Nobili det., 1905): 1 male, 13.1 mm × 16.8 mm (MNHN-B 10147). Persian Gulf. Stn. 4, 25 ° 55 ’ N, 50 ° 16 ’ E, from Hircinia - like sponge, 13 m, C. E. Dawson coll., 06.09.1956: 1 male, 10.1 mm × 13.8 mm (RMNH D 16333). (?) Seychelles. REVES 2: stn. 26, 08.09.1980: 1 female, 5.3 mm × 6.5 mm (MNHN-B 30533); stn. 29, 09.1980: 1 female, 3.9 mm × 4.7 mm (MNHN-B 30541); stn. 30, 09.09.1980: 1 male, 5.0 mm × 6.1 mm (MNHN-B 30542); stn. 35, 10.09.1980: 1 ovigerous female, 4.9 mm × 6.3 mm (MNHN-B 30536); stn. 40, 44 m, 13.09.1980: 1 male, 6.2 mm × 7.9 mm (MNHN-B 30532); stn. 44, 62 m, sand, 14.09.1980: 1 female, 4.6 mm × 4.9 mm (MNHN-B 30538). (?) Madagascar. Nosy Be, stn. H 50 – 52, R. Humes coll.: 1 male, 16.6 mm × 19.7 mm (MNHN-B 30531); West of Nosy Tanikely, 37 m, gritty mud, stn. H 39, R. Humes & J. Ostheimer coll., 15.09.1960: 1 male, 14.3 mm × 16.6 mm (MNHN-B 30530); Procal Bay, 55 m, A. Crosnier col.: 3 males, 9.6 mm × 12.4 mm, 14.0 mm × 17.2 mm, 17.1 mm × 21.0 mm (MNHN-B 30529). Japan. Shikoku, Mimase near Kochi, 17.05, 1979, L. B. Holthuis, K. Sakai & H. Suzuki coll.: 1 male, 17.3 mm × 21.7 mm (RMNH D 32744). Kyushu, Arike Bay, NW Simabase, near Mitsushu, 08.11.1968, T. Sakai & L. B. Holthuis coll.: dry carapace (RMNH D 25143). Amakusa Archipelago, tidal flat, 08.1983, T. Yamaguchi leg: 2 males, 23.0 mm × 29.1 mm, 24.9 mm × 31.6 mm; 1 female, 24.4 mm × 30.6 mm (RMNH D 41888). Japan. Unknown location, Male lectotype, 2 female paralectotypes (RMNH D 287); 2 dry female paralectotypes (RMNH D 42176); mouthparts of paralectoptype (RMNH D 42177). China. Amoy, G. Schlegel coll.: 1 male, 30.1 mm × 37.0 mm, 2 pre-adults females, 3 females, 2 ovigerous females (RMNH D 286). Off Qingdao, from fishermen, 23 – 25.08.2002: 3 males, 4 females (ZRC 2002.0493). Fou Choi (= present day Fuchow): 1 male, 27.3 mm × 33.6 mm (MNHN-B 24488). Guandong Province, Nanao I., Nanao Qianjing fishing port, Y. Cai & P. K. L. Ng coll., 12.11.1998: 12 males, 1 female (ZRC 1999.0676); 14.11.1998: 4 males (ZRC 1999.0675); 14.11.1998: 1 male, 14.2 mm × 18.0 mm (ZRC 1999.0673); 2 pre-adult females, 13.6 mm × 16.8 mm, 14.4 mm × 17.8 mm (ZRC 1999.0674). Unidentified location. Stn. 2, 25 m, 11.07.1967, id. as E. costata by H. Chen, 07.03.1986: 1 male, 21.3 mm × 27.2 mm (MNHN-B 30544). – Stn. N 118, 23.06.1970, id. as E. costata by H. Chen, 07.03.1986: 1 male, 16.6 mm × 20.4 mm (MNHN-B 30545). Hong Kong. New Territories, Tolo Channel, stn. 2, 22 ° 47 ’ N, 114 ° 28 ’ E, P. Davie coll., 12.04.1989: male neotype of Pilumnoplax sulcatifrons Stimpson (here designated), 1858, 34.0 mm × 49.1 mm (QM W 27449); stn. 2, 1 male, damaged carapace, 1 female, 22.3 mm × 27.5 mm (QM W 27392). – New Territories, Mirs Bay, stn. 8, 22 ° 55 ’ N, 114 ° 40 ’ E, P. Davie coll., 13.04.1989: 1 male, 17.5 mm × 21.5 mm (QM W 27392); stn. 4: 1 male, 16.9 mm × 20.4 mm (QM W 27391). – Unknown location: 1 female, 27.6 mm × 34.9 mm (SWIMS CRU-XX- 134). Indonesia. Java, Surabaja, 1927: 1 male, 20.7 mm × 26.6 mm (RMNH D 27699). Kai Is., Danish Kei Islands Expedition, stn. 103, Sunda Strait, 06 ° 05 ’ S, 105 ° 42 ’ E, 52 m., 04.08.1922: 2 males 8.6 mm × 10.3 mm, 10.0 mm × 12.5 mm (ZMUC). (?) Aru Is. Mariel King Memorial Expedition: stn. A I / 3, Trangan I., 06 ° 58 ’ S, 134 ° 05 ’ E, 26 – 27 m, 20.06.1970: 1 female, 6.7 mm × 8.7 mm (MNHN-B 30784). – Stn. A III / 5 – 6, Trangan I., 06 ° 46 ’ S, 133 ° 58 ’ E, 11 – 16 m, 21.06.1970: 1 male, 8.7 mm × 11.1 mm, 1 pre-adult female, 9.3 mm × 11.9 mm (MNHN-B 30783), 2 males, 6.7 mm × 8.5 mm, 11.1 mm × 13.4 mm (MNHN-B 30785). (?) Australia. Northern Territory. Mariel King Memorial Expedition: stn. B I / 4 – 7, Bathurst I., Clarence Straits, 12 ° 01 ’ S, 130 ° 08 ’ E, 30.06.1970: 1 pre-adult female, 4.0 mm × 4.9 mm (MNHN-B 30786).	en	CASTRO, PETER, NG, PETER K. L. (2010): Revision of the family Euryplacidae Stimpson, 1871 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Goneplacoidea). Zootaxa 2375 (1): 1-130, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1
03F487A83948423D7D8CFA99F1B6FE6F.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Third anterolateral tooth visible (except large individuals), carapace with relatively short posterolateral borders (Figs. 2 A, B; 3 A). P 5 propodus slender (Figs. 2 A; 3 A). Typically 2 adjacent red-brown spots on upper branchial region of carapace; small red-brown spots on chelipeds, anterior portion of carapace.	en	CASTRO, PETER, NG, PETER K. L. (2010): Revision of the family Euryplacidae Stimpson, 1871 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Goneplacoidea). Zootaxa 2375 (1): 1-130, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1
03F487A83948423D7D8CFA99F1B6FE6F.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Diagnostic of E. crenata is a depression on the carapace around each orbit and the relatively low and triangular outer orbital teeth and three anterolateral teeth, the second of which is obtuse and slightly dorsally elevated (Fig. 3 A, B). A shallow sulcus extends posteriorly for a short distance from the median notch of the front and bifurcating on the gastric region. It becomes less pronounced with size as the carapace becomes somewhat inflated, especially in females. A shallow sulcus with very short, scattered setae extends for a short distance from each third anterolateral tooth onto the gastric region; the sulcus becomes less pronounced and devoid of setae in larger individuals. These are characters are consistent among numerous specimens collected throughout its wide geographical range, from the Mediterranean Sea (as an introduced species) to Japan, its type locality. Many of these characters, however, are also diagnostic of Eucrate solaris. The ventral surface of the cheliped meri of E. crenata, however, is smooth or with shallow granules whereas there are conspicuous, high tubercles in E. solaris. The colour pattern is also very distinctive in each of the two species (see Remarks for E. solaris below). The alcohol-preserved type material of Cancer (Eucrate) crenatus De Haan, 1835 (RMNH D 287), actually consists of a male and two females, not one female as stated by Yamaguchi & Baba (1993: 433; 2003: 52) and Fransen et al. (1997: 111). No particular specimen was actually indicated as being the lectotype, even if this was stated as such by Fransen et al. (1997: 112). The male specimen (21.4 mm × 27.0 mm; RMNH D 287) is herein designated the lectotype and the two alcohol-preserved females (23.8 mm × 30.1 mm, 12.3 mm × 16.1 mm; RMNH D 287), two dry females (24.4 mm × 29.8 mm, 24.6 mm × 31.0 mm; RMNH D 42176), and the dry mouthparts of a sixth specimen (RMNH 42177) as paralectotypes. The status of Pilumnoplax sulcatifrons Stimpson, 1858, described from a male and a second specimen “ which appears to be the female ” from Hong Kong, has always been a problem as its description is rather incomplete, there were no illustrations, and the type material is lost (see Campbell 1969: 126; Evans 1967; Deiss & Manning 1981; Manning 1993; Manning & Reed 2006). Tesch (1918: 159) had nevertheless stated that “ E. crenata and E. sulcatifrons are so very much alike, that there may be no sufficient reason to separate them: both have the front transversely sulcate, the same dentition of the carapace and the same characteristic patch of hairs at the distal end of the wrist of the cheliped ”. There is enough evidence to support Tesch’s assertion. The information given in the description (Stimpson 1907: 90) agrees well with the material of E. crenata on hand from Hong Kong, the type locality (three males, 16.9 mm × 20.4 mm, 17.5 mm × 21.5 mm, one with damaged carapace, one female, 22.3 mm × 27.5 mm; QM W 27449, W 27391, W 27392), the type material of E. crenata (as Cancer (Eucrate) crenatus De Haan, 1835, see above), the abundant material of E. crenata examined from other locations, and the carapace-width to carapace-length ratio given by Stimpson (cl 0.325, cw 0.41 inch = 8.25 mm × 10.41 mm; 1: 1.26 for his male specimen) and that of the three males and one female Hong Kong specimens on hand (1: 1.2). Eucrate sulcatifrons was nevertheless considered different from E. crenata by Sakai (1965: 126 [Japanese part]; 1976: 535, 536). Campbell (1969: 126) summarized these differences from Sakai’s Japanese text: E. sulcatifrons “ smaller than E. crenata, has a marked concavity posterior to each of the orbits, a well developed inner orbital spine, four anterolateral teeth that are more acute than those of E. crenata, the hand of the cheliped is much enlarged, and the colour is variable but many specimens have paler carapace margins ”. Sakai (1976: 535, 536) separated the two species in a key using different characters. Eucrate crenata was described as being of a medium size, “ the carapace evenly convex fore and aft ”, and with a “ purplish red spot on either side of the carapace ”; E. sulcatifrons as small in size, depressed carapace with “ transverse ridges along frontal and orbital margins ”, a groove running from the third anterolateral teeth, heavy chelipeds (with distal border “ furnished with short hair ”), and “ uniformly purplish-red, rimmed with yellowish white along … borders ”. Eucrate crenata is indeed shown in Sakai’s colour figures (Sakai 1965: pl. 83, fig. 4; 1976: pl. 192, fig. 1) as having the typical red spots on the carapace and chelipeds that have been observed in other specimens (see “ Colour ” below), whereas E. sulcatifrons (Sakai 1965: pl. 192, fig. 1) is shown with most of its carapace dark brown in colour. Most if not all of these characters appear to be ontogenetic differences, although the purplishred phase shown by Sakai has not been observed here or reported elsewhere. None of the specimens examined by Campbell were identified as E. sulcatifrons, but the species was included in his key and separated from E. crenata by having a “ carapace width less than 25 mm ” (E. sulcatifrons with “ carapace width less than 25 mm ”). Eucrate sulcatifrons was separated from other species of Eucrate by having a deep “ median longitudinal groove, dividing on the gastric region ” (Campbell 1969: 119), a character also found in E. crenata. Pilumnoplax sulcatifrons Stimpson, 1858, was designated as the type species of Pilumnoplax by Rathbun (1918). All species originally included in Pilumnoplax (see Ng et al. 2008), however, have by now been assigned to other genera (Table 2). In view of the confused taxonomic history of this species and in the interest of long-term nomenclatural stability, we hereby designate a male neotype (34.0 mm × 49.1 mm; QM W 27449; Figs. 3; 14 D – F) from Hong Kong, the type locality of Stimpson’s species, as the neotype of Pilumnoplax sulcatifrons Stimpson, 1858. The small specimens from the Aru Is. and the Northern Territory, Australia collected by the Mariel King Memorial Expedition and identified as E. haswelli by R. Serène, are closer to E. crenata because of the general shape of their carapace. This identification, however, is questionable, as in the case of the small specimens from the Seychelles. They may well represent pre-adults and small individuals of E. crenata but equally may potentially belong to a different species. Also questionable are five male specimens from Madagascar (MNHN-B 30529 - 30531). The identity of these specimens needs to be re-examined and compared with fresh material. The Pakistan specimens identified as “ E. crenata ” by Tirmizi & Ghani (1996: 82) and described as “ beautiful dark purplish red, with chelipeds and legs white, the carapace [with] a band of white … on the anterior and lateral borders ” are certain not to belong to E. crenata. This colour pattern is similar to that found in some specimens of E. tripunctata (Fig. 12). Their figures (Tirmizi & Ghani 1982: fig. 3; 1996: fig. 31) also show strong similarities with E. tripunctata, which is characterised by anterolateral teeth that are short, rounded and similar in appearance to the outer orbital teeth (Figs. 12 A – E; 13 A – D; Campbell 1969: fig. 4 B, K, L). Eucrate tripunctata is known to occur only as far west as the Gulf of Thailand and is not yet known from the Indian Ocean (see below). Colour pattern. Typical of many specimens of are two adjacent red-brown spots on the upper branchial region of the carapace (Fig. 2 A). Two large red-brown spots are still clearly visible in one of the dry paralectotypes (24.6 mm × 31.0 mm; RMNH 42176) and many other preserved specimens examined. A larger but lighter coloured patch may be found between the two spots in some specimens. Also typical in most individuals are small red-brown spots on the chelipeds and sometimes along the anterior portion of the carapace (Fig. 2 A). Larger specimens may not have any spots at all, the carapace being light orange-brown (Fig. 2 A). As in other species of Eucrate, several colour patterns have been reported for E. crenata. Galil et al. (2002: 138) described Mediterranean specimens as having “ carapace cream, finely speckled with purple, with two prominent hepatic marks ”. This generally agrees with the colour of the Chinese material.	en	CASTRO, PETER, NG, PETER K. L. (2010): Revision of the family Euryplacidae Stimpson, 1871 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Goneplacoidea). Zootaxa 2375 (1): 1-130, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1
03F487A83948423D7D8CFA99F1B6FE6F.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Mediterranean Sea (introduced), Red Sea; Persian Gulf, Arabian Sea; western Pacific Ocean from Korea and Japan to the Gulf of Thailand, Indonesia, and questionably Western Indian Ocean (Madagascar, Seychelles) and northern Australia. Depth: shallow subtidal to at least 36 m.	en	CASTRO, PETER, NG, PETER K. L. (2010): Revision of the family Euryplacidae Stimpson, 1871 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Goneplacoidea). Zootaxa 2375 (1): 1-130, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1
03F487A8394642387D8CFA99F05BFEF4.taxon	description	(Figs. 5 A – F; 6 A – F; 7 A, B; 14 G – I)	en	CASTRO, PETER, NG, PETER K. L. (2010): Revision of the family Euryplacidae Stimpson, 1871 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Goneplacoidea). Zootaxa 2375 (1): 1-130, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1
03F487A8394642387D8CFA99F05BFEF4.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Male dry lectotype, 20.2 mm × 24.8 mm (NHM 1852.71; Fig. 5 D); 1 male paralectotype, 36.6 mm × 46.5 mm (NHM 1850.112; Fig. 5 B, C); 1 male paralectotype, 22.0 mm × 29.6 mm (NHM 1856.135). Type locality. Australia, Queensland, Moreton Bay. Holotype of Galene? laevimanus Lucas, in Jacquinot & Lucas, 1853: 1 dry male, 28.7 mm × 36.5 mm, Astrolabe and Zélée Expedition, unknown location (MNHN-B 2960). Material examined. Australia. Queensland, Moreton Bay, purchased by Warwick: male dry lectotype, 20.2 mm × 24.8 mm (NHM 1852.71). Queensland, east end of Mud I., 15 – 22.10.1979, S. Cook coll.: 1 pre-adult female, 1 female (LACM); 26.10.1979: 1 male (LACM). Queensland, Townsville Closure, C. Jones coll., 11.02.1986: 1 female, 31.7 mm × 40.7 mm (QM W 12788). Queensland, Bundaberg, 1 – 1.5 miles south of Burnett River, 40 miles offshore, 9 m, sand and mud, G. Limpus coll., 18.12.1969, B. M. Campbell id.: 1 male, 39.0 mm × 46.7 mm (QM W 3191). Australia, unknown location, coll. Mr. Statchbury, purchased by Cuming: 1 male dry paralectotype, 22.0 mm × 29.6 mm (NHM 1856.135). Australia, unknown location, coll. Mr. MacGillivray, presented by Mr. Doubleday, voyage of HMS Rattlesnake: 1 male dry paralectotype, 36.6 mm × 46.5 mm (NHM 1850.112). Unknown location. Astrolabe and Zélée Expedition, M. Languillou coll.: 1 male holotype of Galene? laevimanus Lucas, in Jacquinot & Lucas, 1853, dry, 28.7 mm × 36.5 mm (MNHN-B 2960).	en	CASTRO, PETER, NG, PETER K. L. (2010): Revision of the family Euryplacidae Stimpson, 1871 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Goneplacoidea). Zootaxa 2375 (1): 1-130, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1
03F487A8394642387D8CFA99F05BFEF4.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Third anterolateral tooth visible (except large individuals), carapace with relatively short posterolateral borders (Figs. 5 A, B, D – F; 6 A, B; 7 B). P 5 propodus slender (Figs. 5 A, E; 6 B). Large reddish median spot, scattered small dots on carapace (Figs. 5 A, B, D; 6 A).	en	CASTRO, PETER, NG, PETER K. L. (2010): Revision of the family Euryplacidae Stimpson, 1871 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Goneplacoidea). Zootaxa 2375 (1): 1-130, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1
03F487A8394642387D8CFA99F05BFEF4.taxon	discussion	Remarks. White (1849: 144) provided an excellent drawing that shows a large nearly hexagonal spot on the dorsal surface of the carapace and small dots on the anterior and anterolateral portions of the carapace and chelipeds. It was described as having “ beautiful dotted surface, the large liver-coloured mark on the middle of its carapace ”. This colour pattern is diagnostic of the species although the small dots are always present but the large spot may be absent. The small dots are grouped in clusters, sometimes forming circles. White’s syntypes, three dry males, are still extant at NHM. One of these specimens (NHM 1850.112) has a hexagonal spot on the carapace that almost exactly matches that of the specimen figured by White (1849). The most complete of the two specimens still showing the characteristic carapace spot (20.2 mm × 24.8 mm [NHM 1852.71, Fig. 5 D]) is hereby selected as the lectotype, the other two specimens as paralectotypes (36.6 mm × 46.5 mm [NHM 1850.112, Fig. 5 B, C]; 22.0 mm × 29.6 mm, [NHM 1856.135]). Also diagnostic of the species is the reduction of the anterolateral teeth in large individuals, although in smaller ones the second tooth is conspicuous and dorsally salient (Campbell 1969: fig. 6 K), somewhat similar to that in E. alcocki, E. formosensis, and E. sexdentata (see Remarks for E. alcocki). Galene? laevimanus Lucas, in Jacquinot & Lucas, 1853, is probably a junior synonym of E. dorsalis. The dry male holotype (28.7 mm × 36.5 mm; MNHN-B 2960; 3060 in catalog; Fig. 5 E, F) and the description by Lucas (Jacquinot, H. & Lucas, H. 1853: 40, pl. 9, figs. 4, 4 ”) agree well with White’s description and illustration of E. dorsalis and with the rest of the material examined. The colour of Lucas’ specimen, however, was described as gris cendré clair (light ash-gray) without any indication of the characteristic red spot on the carapace. No spot was shown in the gray-brown carapace shown in the colour figure (Fig. 7 A; Jacquinot & Lucas 1853: pl. 9, figs. 4, 4 ” in Atlas [by Hombron, J. B. & Jacquinot, H. 1852] and original print in RMNH), and the dry male holotype does not show any remains of colour. The holotype was obtained from an unknown location (Cette espèce a pour patrie?) by the Astrolabe and Zélée expedition, which traversed the western and southern Pacific Ocean. Colouration. Large reddish spot on the median portion of the carapace and small dots along most of the dorsal surface of the carapace (Figs. 5 A, B, D; 6 A; 7 B; Davie 1998: 252 [colour photograph]). Campbell (1969: 134) describes specimens where the central spot is replaced by a complete or incomplete ring of “ speckles with or without more sparsely distributed specks inside this ring ”.	en	CASTRO, PETER, NG, PETER K. L. (2010): Revision of the family Euryplacidae Stimpson, 1871 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Goneplacoidea). Zootaxa 2375 (1): 1-130, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1
03F487A8394642387D8CFA99F05BFEF4.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Western Australia and Queensland, Australia. Depth: shallow subtidal to at least 9 m.	en	CASTRO, PETER, NG, PETER K. L. (2010): Revision of the family Euryplacidae Stimpson, 1871 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Goneplacoidea). Zootaxa 2375 (1): 1-130, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1
03F487A83941423B7D8CFC5AF1ECFBCF.taxon	description	(Figs. 2 E, F; 8 A – F; 14 J – L)	en	CASTRO, PETER, NG, PETER K. L. (2010): Revision of the family Euryplacidae Stimpson, 1871 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Goneplacoidea). Zootaxa 2375 (1): 1-130, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1
03F487A83941423B7D8CFC5AF1ECFBCF.taxon	description	Serène & Lohavanijaya, 1973) Eucrate crenata — Shen & Jeng 2005: 150, 152, colour photographs [Taiwan]. [not Eucrate crenata (De Haan, 1835)]	en	CASTRO, PETER, NG, PETER K. L. (2010): Revision of the family Euryplacidae Stimpson, 1871 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Goneplacoidea). Zootaxa 2375 (1): 1-130, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1
03F487A83941423B7D8CFC5AF1ECFBCF.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Unknown. No specimens of E. formosensis Sakai, 1974, are listed as part of T. Sakai’s material deposited at the Kanagawa Perfectural Museum (Muraoka 1998) or at the Forschunginstitut Senckenberg, Frankfurt, so it is probable that the type material is no longer extant. Type locality. Taiwan, Kaoshiung County. Material examined. Taiwan. Kaoshiung County, Tung-Kang fishing port, P. K. L. Ng coll., 05.08.1996: 2 females, 13.6 mm × 15.9 mm, 22.2 mm × 27.1 mm (ZRC 1993.739). Taichung County, Wuchi fishing port, gill net, 15 m, 06.12.1991: 1 male, 22.9 mm × 28.3 mm (ZRC 2008.1355). Penghu Bay, Y. L. Shen coll., 6.10.2007: 1 male, 19.8 mm × 24.1 mm (ASIZ- 74623).	en	CASTRO, PETER, NG, PETER K. L. (2010): Revision of the family Euryplacidae Stimpson, 1871 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Goneplacoidea). Zootaxa 2375 (1): 1-130, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1
03F487A83941423B7D8CFC5AF1ECFBCF.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Third anterolateral tooth absent or reduced as slight elevation, carapace with relatively long posterolateral borders (Figs. 2 E; 8 A, B). P 5 propodus slender (Figs. 2 E, F; 8 A, B). Small red-brown dots through most of carapace (Fig. 2 E), larger spots in juveniles (Fig. 2 F).	en	CASTRO, PETER, NG, PETER K. L. (2010): Revision of the family Euryplacidae Stimpson, 1871 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Goneplacoidea). Zootaxa 2375 (1): 1-130, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1
03F487A83941423B7D8CFC5AF1ECFBCF.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Eucrate formosensis was described as a new species mostly on account of its unique colour pattern (Sakai 1974: 94). Although it was distinguished by Sakai from E. sexdentata, with which it shares the general shape of the carapace, and E. dorsalis, the colour pattern of the new species was the only reliable way to identify it. No differences were found in the morphology of the G 1 of the three species. The G 1 of E. formosensis (Fig. 14 J, K) and E. dorsalis (Fig. 14 G, H) were described by Sakai (1976: 537) as being slender and thin along the anterior half of their lengths, in contrast to that of E. sexdentata (Fig. 15 D, E), where it was described as slender and thin only along the anterior third. Examination of the G 1 of several specimens of the three species did not show any reliable differences. Sakai (1976) could not find any morphological differences between E. formosensis and E. alcocki and placed his species in synonymy with the later (see Ng et al. 2001: 34). Both species are indeed morphologically very similar but the colour pattern of E. formosensis, small red-brown spots throughout most of the carapace and chelipeds (Fig. 2 E, F), is different from that of E. alcocki (Fig. 2 C). We opt to retain E. formosensis as a distinct species as originally described by Sakai until additional material is collected and / or DNA analysis is carried out. The whereabouts of the holotype of E. formosensis is unknown (see above). The only type specimen was collected by T. Watabe of the Manazuru Marine Laboratory (Sakai 1974: 94) and it is possible that the specimen was returned to the collector. Although we believe the type is probably no longer extant, we also do not see an urgent need to select a neotype as the species is not known outside Taiwanese waters, and fresh specimens cannot be mistaken for any other species owing to their distinct coloration. Colour pattern. Small red-brown dots throughout at least the anterior half of the carapace (Fig. 2 E; Sakai 1976: pl. 192, fig. 2 [colour]; Ng et al. 2001: fig. 7 g; Shen & Jeng 2005: 150, 152, [colour photographs], as E. crenata). The dots remain visible for a relatively long time in specimens preserved in alcohol. Li Kuan-Xin from the Peikuan Crab Museum in northern Taiwan gave the second author a photograph (Fig. 2 F) of an unidentified Eucrate species collected off Tahsi, Ilan Province, which we believe is E. formosensis. Unfortunately, the specimen was not preserved after it died in an aquarium. The dense pattern of similarly sized spots on the specimen, which was about 1.5 cm in carapace width, is characteristic of E. formosensis. We are of the opinion that the spots get proportionately smaller as the specimen grows in size, eventually developing into the finely spotted pattern seen in adults (Fig. 2 E). The absence of larger spots on the carapace of the small Taiwanese specimen argues against it being E. alcocki.	en	CASTRO, PETER, NG, PETER K. L. (2010): Revision of the family Euryplacidae Stimpson, 1871 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Goneplacoidea). Zootaxa 2375 (1): 1-130, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1
03F487A83941423B7D8CFC5AF1ECFBCF.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Only known from Taiwan thus far. Depth: shallow subtidal to at least 15 m.	en	CASTRO, PETER, NG, PETER K. L. (2010): Revision of the family Euryplacidae Stimpson, 1871 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Goneplacoidea). Zootaxa 2375 (1): 1-130, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1
03F487A8394342067D8CFECCF421FD51.taxon	description	(Figs. 2 D; 4 D – F; 9 A – F; 15 A – C)	en	CASTRO, PETER, NG, PETER K. L. (2010): Revision of the family Euryplacidae Stimpson, 1871 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Goneplacoidea). Zootaxa 2375 (1): 1-130, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1
03F487A8394342067D8CFECCF421FD51.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Male holotype, 23.8 mm × 28.4 mm (ZRC 2001.1058; Figs. 4 E, 9, 15 A – C); 1 female paratype, 17.6 mm × 20.8 mm (ZRC 1999.0135), 1 male paratype, 20.1 mm × 24.2 mm, 1 female paratype, 20.0 mm × 24.2 mm (ZRC 1998.1119), 1 male paratype, 18.1 mm × 21.8 mm, 1 female paratype, 13.5 mm × 17.1 mm (ZRC 2001.1058). Type locality. Thailand, Andaman Sea coast, Phuket I. fishing port Material examined. India. Tamil Nadu, fish landing opposite Vellar estuary, A. S. Fernando & P. K. L. Ng coll., 24.03.2001: 1 male, 22.3 mm × 27.3 mm, 1 female, 22.8 mm × 28.3 mm (ZRC 2001.0867). – Chennai [Madras], Kasimedu fishing port, shrimp trawlers, Z. Jaafar coll., 23.11.2004: 1 male, 21.5 mm × 26.7 mm, 1 ovigerous female, 18.5 mm × 23.1 mm (ZRC 2004.0764). – Bay of Bengal, D. Rajkumar leg., 06.2006: 1 male, 23.8 mm × 29.1 mm (MNHN-B 30155). Thailand. Andaman Sea, Phuket I., Pichai fishing port, P. K. L. Ng coll., 04.1997: 1 female paratype, 17.6 mm × 20.8 mm (ZRC 1999.0135). – N. K. Ng et al. coll., 17 – 20.01.2000: carapace, 18.6 mm × 23.2 mm (ZRC 2000.0764). – Phuket I. fishing port, S. Chaitiamwong et al., 1 male paratype, 20.1 mm × 24.2 mm, 1 female paratype, 20.0 mm × 24.2 mm (ZRC 1998.1119). – Phuket I. fishing port, P. K. L. Ng et al. coll., 17.02.2001: male holotype, 23.8 mm × 28.4 mm, 1 male paratype, 18.1 mm × 21.8 mm, 1 female paratype, 13.5 mm × 17.1 mm (ZRC 2001.1058). Peninsular Malaysia. Andaman Sea Coast, between Penang and Langkawi, trawling, C. P. How & C. O. Lau coll., 12.11.1991: 1 female, 15.3 mm × 19.0 mm (ZRC 1992.10458).	en	CASTRO, PETER, NG, PETER K. L. (2010): Revision of the family Euryplacidae Stimpson, 1871 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Goneplacoidea). Zootaxa 2375 (1): 1-130, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1
03F487A8394342067D8CFECCF421FD51.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Third anterolateral tooth absent or reduced as slight elevation, carapace with relatively long posterolateral borders (Figs. 2 D; 4 D – F; 9 A). P 5 propodus slender (Figs. 2 D; 9 A). Irregular, large, red-brown spots on median portion of carapace (Figs. 2 D; 4 D – F; 9 A).	en	CASTRO, PETER, NG, PETER K. L. (2010): Revision of the family Euryplacidae Stimpson, 1871 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Goneplacoidea). Zootaxa 2375 (1): 1-130, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1
03F487A8394342067D8CFECCF421FD51.taxon	description	Description. Carapace (Figs. 2 D; 4 D – F; 9 A) transversely hexagonal, wider than long (1.19 wider than long in male holotype), anterolateral borders arched, dorsal surface without clear indication of regions; front wide, with median notch, deep transverse sulcus along margin. Three anterolateral teeth posterior to short, triangular outer orbital tooth (first short, triangular, obtuse tip; second largest, slender, acute; third short, barely noticeable). Orbits short (Fig. 9 C), shorter than front (0.6 frontal width in holotype), conspicuous notch between front, orbit; conspicuous notch on median portion, shallower notch on outer portion of curved, thick supraorbital border; suborbital border (Fig. 9 B) sinuous, with short, obtuse inner suborbital tooth, short median lobe; eye peduncles short (0.2 frontal width in holotype), as long as corneas; large, spherical corneas. Basal antennal article slightly immobile, with disto-lateral process so that orbital hiatus is closed excluding antennal flagellum from orbit. Posterior margin of epistome lobular; lateral lobes large, with sinuous margins, separated from median portion by deep fissure; median portion with 2 lobes separated by deep fissure (Fig. 9 C). Anterior margin of endostome well demarcated from buccal cavern, endostomial ridges low. Pterygostomian region with low granules. Third maxillipeds (Fig. 9 B) completely closing buccal cavern; ischium rectangular with deep submedian line; merus relatively square in shape but anteroexternal part angular, rounded; exopod long, reaching to just before anterior edge of merus with long flagellum. Cheliped fingers (Fig. 9 D) moderately stout, slightly longer than swollen propodus, distal portion light in colour. Inner (dorsal) margin of carpus with large tooth; short tomentum on anterior margin of carpus; outer (dorsal) margin of merus with large, obtuse tooth, row of short tubercles. Dorsal, ventral margins of ambulatory legs (P 2 – P 5) with short tubercles, dorsal margins of carpus with long, simple setae; dactyli long, slender; P 5 merus (Fig. 9 A) long, moderately slender (16.2 mm long in holotype), ventral margin slightly curved, distal end reaches past third anterolateral tooth but not second anterolateral tooth when folded against carapace; P 5 propodus (9.8 mm long, 3.0 mm wide in holotype), proportionally stout, subcylindrical; inner, outer margins fringed with row of numerous short, simple setae; P 5 dactylus (9.5 mm long, 2.0 mm maximum width in holotype) proportionally slender, subcylindrical, fringed with short, simple setae. Thoracic sternum (Fig. 9 E) wide, thoracic suture 2 / 3 complete, convex; 3 / 4 deep, short, interrupted; 4 / 5, 6 / 7, 7 / 8 interrupted, 5 / 6 complete; median groove on thoracic sternites 7, 8. Sterno-abdominal cavity of male deep, nearly reaching anterior margin of sternite 4. Press-button of male abdominal-locking mechanism as tubercle near thoracic suture 4 / 5. Male abdomen (Fig. 9 E) narrow, slender (T-shaped), lateral margins of somites 4 – 6 abruptly narrowing from somite 3 to transversely narrow, pointed telson; somite 3 reaching inner margins of P 5 coxae (Fig. 9 F); no portions of thoracic 8 exposed by closed abdomen, somite 2 slightly transversely shorter than somite 3. G 1 long, slender, sinuous, acuminate apex, with small denticles (Figs. 15 A, B); G 2 (Fig. 15 C) less than one-third of G 1, straight, with 2 processes: one long, tip obtuse; second much shorter, tip acute. Male genital opening (gonopore) coxal; coxo-sternal disposition of long penis, protected by concave posterior portion of thoracic sternite 7. Vulva ovoid, extending across anterior portion of sternite 6 close to median axis of thorax; covered by soft membrane, sternal vulvar cover absent. Colour pattern. Two large, irregular, red-brown spots on the median portion of the dorsal surface of the carapace, each flanked by two smaller, vertically placed spots (Figs. 2 D; 4 D – F; 9 A; see Remarks below). The central or lateral spots may coalesce into a single lateral spot (Fig. 4 E). All spots may also coalesce, forming irregular patterns bearing a striking resemblance to letters or numbers (Fig. 2 D). Small red-brown spots are located along the anterior border of the carapace and dorsal surface of chelipeds.	en	CASTRO, PETER, NG, PETER K. L. (2010): Revision of the family Euryplacidae Stimpson, 1871 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Goneplacoidea). Zootaxa 2375 (1): 1-130, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1
03F487A8394342067D8CFECCF421FD51.taxon	etymology	Etymology. Indica from India and Indian Ocean, to denote the distributional range of this species in contrast to two similar species, Eucrate alcocki in China and southwestern Asia, and E. formosensis in Taiwan.	en	CASTRO, PETER, NG, PETER K. L. (2010): Revision of the family Euryplacidae Stimpson, 1871 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Goneplacoidea). Zootaxa 2375 (1): 1-130, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1
03F487A8394342067D8CFECCF421FD51.taxon	discussion	Remarks. The populations that had been identified as “ E. alcocki ” from the Indian and western Pacific oceans are clearly different in their carapace colour patterns. In true E. alcocki from China, Vietnam, Gulf of Thailand and Singapore, there are consistently one to six large spots or blotches on the median portion of the carapace, and the anterior portion has numerous smaller spots (Figs. 2 C; 4 A, B). In specimens from the Indian Ocean and as far west as the Andaman Sea coast of Thailand and the northern Straits of Malacca (Phuket I., Langkawi, and Penang islands), there are usually six large spots arranged transversely across the median portion of the carapace and numerous smaller spots on the anterior portion of the carapace. This colour pattern is consistent for the large series of specimens examined. There are also several morphological differences. Specimens from the Indian Ocean have proportionately wider carapaces (width to length ratio 1.18 – 1.26, n = 13, mean = 1.21; 1.09 – 1.29, n = 32, mean = 1.16 in E. alcocki) (Figs. 2 D, 4 D – F for E. indica; Figs. 2 C, 4 A, B for E. alcocki), the frontal margin is generally more prominent, well produced, and with a distinct median notch (Figs. 4 D – F; 9 C) (less prominent, with the median notch shallow or barely visible in E. alcocki, Figs. 4 A – C), the cleft between the frontal margin and inner suborbital tooth is deep and pronounced (Fig. 9 C) (shallow in E. alcocki), and the supraorbital border has a deep and prominent notch (Figs. 4 D – F; 9 C) (shallow and less distinct in E. alcocki, Figs. 4 A – C). As such, we are of the opinion that the Indian Ocean material should be referred to as a separate species. As has been discussed earlier under E. alcocki, the record of Eucrate crenata var. dentata by Alcock (1900: 299, 301) from India (see also list of Indian taxa in Sankarankutty 1966: 350) may be Eucrate indica n. sp. as well. Serène & Lohavanijaya (1973) had suggested it may be E. alcocki. The geographic distributions of E. indica n. sp. and E. alcocki are noteworthy as, E. indica n. sp. is found in the Persian Gulf, Indian Ocean, and the Andaman Sea, whereas E. alcocki is found on the Gulf of Thailand and the western Pacific Ocean. A similar pattern has also been observed for several other species of brachyurans, with one species occurring in the Indian Ocean (e. g. the xanthid Liagore erythematica Guinot, 1971, the calappid Calappa bilineata Ng, Lai & Aungtonya, 2002, the portunid Portunus reticulatus (Herbst, 1799 )) and a close species present in the Pacific (Liagore rubromaculata (De Haan, 1835), Calappa philargius (Linnaeus, 1758), Portunus pelagicus (Linnaeus, 1758), respectively) (see Ng et al. 2002; Ng & Chen, 2004; Ng et al. 2008; Lai et al. 2010).	en	CASTRO, PETER, NG, PETER K. L. (2010): Revision of the family Euryplacidae Stimpson, 1871 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Goneplacoidea). Zootaxa 2375 (1): 1-130, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1
03F487A8394342067D8CFECCF421FD51.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Persian Gulf, India, Andaman Sea coasts of Thailand and Peninsular Malaysia. Depth: shallow subtidal.	en	CASTRO, PETER, NG, PETER K. L. (2010): Revision of the family Euryplacidae Stimpson, 1871 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Goneplacoidea). Zootaxa 2375 (1): 1-130, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1
03F487A8397E42007D8CF939F763FD0F.taxon	description	(Figs. 10 A – F; 15 D – F)	en	CASTRO, PETER, NG, PETER K. L. (2010): Revision of the family Euryplacidae Stimpson, 1871 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Goneplacoidea). Zootaxa 2375 (1): 1-130, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1
03F487A8397E42007D8CF939F763FD0F.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Dry male lectotype, 8.3 mm × 10.5 mm (AM P 719; Fig. 10 E); 1 female paralectotype, 9.5 mm × 10.6 mm (AM P 719; Fig. 10 F). Type locality. Australia, Port Denison, off Holborn I., 36 m. Material examined. Australia, Queensland, stn. 9 – 79, 20.09.79: 5 males, 22.8 mm × 26.6 mm, 2 females (LACM). Queensland, Moreton Bay, muddy bottom, 25 m, N. Coleman coll., 06.1986: 1 male, 19.6 mm × 23.1 mm, 2 pre-adult females, 13.7 mm × 15.7 mm, 15.0 mm × 16.9 mm (QM W 16032); east of Mud I., trawling, S. Cook coll., 22.10.1979: 1 male, 20.1 mm × 23.2 mm (QM W 12057).	en	CASTRO, PETER, NG, PETER K. L. (2010): Revision of the family Euryplacidae Stimpson, 1871 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Goneplacoidea). Zootaxa 2375 (1): 1-130, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1
03F487A8397E42007D8CF939F763FD0F.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Third anterolateral tooth absent or reduced as slight elevation, carapace with relatively long posterolateral borders (Fig. 10 A, B, E, F). P 5 propodus slender (Fig. 10 A, B). Large purple-pink spots on anterior two-thirds of dorsal surface of carapace (Fig. 10 A, B; Campbell 1969: fig. 1 B).	en	CASTRO, PETER, NG, PETER K. L. (2010): Revision of the family Euryplacidae Stimpson, 1871 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Goneplacoidea). Zootaxa 2375 (1): 1-130, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1
03F487A8397E42007D8CF939F763FD0F.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Characteristic of E. sexdentata is the presence of only two anterolateral teeth posterior of each outer orbital tooth (Fig. 10 A, B, E, F), the third tooth is absent, leaving only a slightly elevated margin, even in the two pre-adult females that were examined. The second anterolateral tooth is acute and dorsally projecting. Also diagnostic are the relatively long posterolateral margins (Fig. 10 A, B, E, F) and the long and slender P 2 – P 5 (Fig. 10 A, B), the distal end of the P 5 merus reaching the proximal portion of the second anterolateral tooth, the tip in pre-adults. These characters, however, are shared with E. alcocki and E. formosensis. Differences among the three species are discussed in the Remarks for E. alcocki. The type material of Eucrate sexdentatus Haswell, 1882, consists of two dry syntypes (male, 8.3 mm × 10.5 mm; female, 9.5 mm × 10.6 mm [AM P 719]). Neither could be examined on loan because of their very fragile condition. Colour photographs of the specimens, however, clearly show that they agree well with Haswell’s description as well as with the Australian specimens on hand. The dry male specimen (Fig. 10 E) is hereby designated as the lectotype and the dry female (Fig. 10 F) as paralectotype. The mesobranchial regions of the male paralectotype are visibly inflated, making the posterolateral borders of the carapace prominently more convex than in the female. A handwritten label glued underneath the slide where the specimens are kept reads “ 1 specimen distorted by parasites ” (H. Stoddart, personal communication). The swellings on both sides of the carapace are symmetrical to each other but this does not preclude that both sides were parasitised by bopyriids. In the more recently collected specimens examined, however, the posterolateral borders of the carapace are slightly more convex in males (Fig. 10 A) than in females (Fig. 10 B), so this may be normal sexual dimorphism. The identification by Alcock (1900: 301) of a male specimen from the Gulf of Martaban (Andaman Sea coast of Myanmar [= Burma]) as E. sexdentata is questionable. The species has only been reported from Queensland, Australia, and it is possible that Alcock was mistaken since he based his identification solely from Haswell’s description. Neither the short description (Haswell 1882 a: 548) nor a longer discussion of the species (Haswell 1882 b: 86) included illustrations. A character given in Alcock’s (1900: 299) key, “ dactylus of last pair of legs almost styliform ”, also applies to E. alcocki, which has been recorded from several locations in the Andaman Sea (see Material examined for E. alcocki) and which had not been described until well after Alcock’s lifetime. Nevertheless, Alcock clearly stated in his key that the Myanmar (Burma) specimen had only two anterolateral teeth [“ three teeth (including the orbital angle) ”], a character diagnostic of E. sexdentata. Specimens of E. alcocki of the same size as Alcock’s male (11.5 mm × 13.5 mm) do show three anterolateral teeth unlike specimens of E. sexdentata. Colour pattern. “ Pale cream with purple-pink spots ” on the anterior two-thirds of the dorsal surface of the carapace, decreasing in size anteriorly (barely visible in Fig. 10 A, B; Campbell 1969: 120, fig. 1 B).	en	CASTRO, PETER, NG, PETER K. L. (2010): Revision of the family Euryplacidae Stimpson, 1871 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Goneplacoidea). Zootaxa 2375 (1): 1-130, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1
03F487A8397E42007D8CF939F763FD0F.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Queensland, Australia and, questionably, Myanmar [= Burma] (Alcock 1900). Depth: shallow subtidal to 180 m (Campbell 1969).	en	CASTRO, PETER, NG, PETER K. L. (2010): Revision of the family Euryplacidae Stimpson, 1871 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Goneplacoidea). Zootaxa 2375 (1): 1-130, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1
03F487A8397842037D8CF904F74AFCB4.taxon	description	(Figs. 7 C – F; 11 A – F; 15 G – I)	en	CASTRO, PETER, NG, PETER K. L. (2010): Revision of the family Euryplacidae Stimpson, 1871 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Goneplacoidea). Zootaxa 2375 (1): 1-130, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1
03F487A8397842037D8CF904F74AFCB4.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Male holotype (BMNH J 79136); female allotype, 21.3 mm × 27.0 mm (BMNH J 79137; Fig. 11 A), 1 male, 3 female paratypes (BMNH). Type locality. China, Guanxi Province, Beihai. Material examined. (?) Japan. Ryukyu Islands. Kamejima I., Ahra, coral reef, intertidal, 13.06.1995, K. Nomura coll.: 1 female (CBMZC 3191). Taiwan. Kaohsiung County, Tung-Kang fishing port, P. K. L. Ng coll., 05.05.1996: 1 female (ZRC 1997.752). I-Lan County, Tahsi, K. X. Lee coll., 2000: 1 female, 21.4 mm × 26.2 mm (ZRC 2001.0023). Penghu Bay, 50 m, 3.31.1998: 1 female (ASIZ- 71966); Y. L. Shen coll., 5.10.2006: 1 male, 23.6 mm × 28.1 mm (ASIZ- 74626). Philippines. Bohol. Balicasag I., off Panglao I., tangle nets, purchased from fishermen, 200 – 300 m, 12.2000: 4 males, 20.0 mm × 25.0 mm, 21.6 mm × 26.4 mm, 23.4 mm × 28.5 mm, 23.5 mm × 28.4 mm (ZRC 2001.0394); 50 – 500 m, 28.11.2001: 1 male, 19.5 mm × 23.5 mm (ZRC 2001.0537), 1 female (ZRC 2001.0538), 1 male, 2 females (ZRC 2001.0655); 200 – 300 m, 06.2002: 1 male, 1 female (ZRC 2002.0650); 25 – 30.07.03: 6 males, 11 females (ZRC 2004.0751); 50 – 500 m, 02.03.2004: 1 male, 3 females (ZRC 2004.0733); 25 – 30.07.2003: 5 males, 7 females (ZRC); 04.2004, 1 male (ZRC 2004.0762), 04.2004: 1 male, 15.5 mm × 18.6 mm, 2 females, 20.3 mm × 24.2 mm, 22.7 mm × 27.6 mm (MNHN-B 29727); 29.05.2004: 2 males, 4 females (ZRC 2009.0976); 05.2004: 1 female (ZRC 2009.0977). PANGLAO 2004: stn. P 1, 09 ° 36.00 ’ N, 123 ° 45.00 ’ E, 150 – 200 m, 27.06.2004: 1 female (ZRC 2009.0978), 1 male (ZRC 2009.0979). – Stn. P 4, 11.06.2004: 1 male (ZRC 2009.0980). – Stn. L 40, Panglao I., Tangnan, 9 ° 37.3 ' N, 123 ° 46.5 ' E, 100 – 120 m, 24.06.2004: 1 male, photograph, 23.3 mm × 28.1 mm (ZRC 2008.1333). Vanuatu. SANTO 2006: stn. EP 04, northeast Aoré I., Aimbué Bay, 15 ° 33.0 / 33.4 ’ S, 167 ° 11.7 / 12.8 ’ E, tangle net, 89 – 109 m, 12.09.2006: 2 males, 26.2 mm × 31.6 mm, 25.6 mm × 31.1 mm, 1 female, 22.0 mm × 27.3 mm (ZRC 2008.1237). – Stn. EN 31, east Aoré I., Aimbué Bay, 15 ° 32.9 ’ S, 167 ° 12.9 ’ E, traps, 107 m, 12.09.2006: 10 males, 17.3 mm × 20.3 mm – 29.4 mm × 35.0 mm, 4 females, 19.5 mm × 23.8 mm – 25.0 mm × 31.5 mm (ZRC 2008.1238). – Stn. EP 10, east Aoré I., 15 ° 34.5 / 38.0 ’ S, 167 ° 05.1 / 13.6 ’ E, tangle net, 45 – 101 m, 15.09.2006: 1 male, 17.6 mm × 22.3 mm (MNHN-B 31628). – Stn. EP 12, Scorff Passage, 15 ° 31.9 ’ S, 167 ° 15.1 ’ E, tangle net, 97 m, 16.09.2006: 1 female, photograph, 22.2 mm × 27.7 mm (MNHN-B 31629). – Stn. EP 18, Aoré I., Aimbué Bay, 15 ° 33.1 / 33.3 ’ S, 167 ° 11.8 / 12.2 ’ E, tangle net, 71 – 102 m, 18.09.2006: 4 males, 18.9 mm × 22.6 mm – 26.2 mm × 32.1 mm, 2 females, 18.4 mm × 22.5 mm, 24.5 mm × 30.2 mm (MNHN-B 31630). – Stn. EP 15, northeast Urélapa I., 15 ° 36.6 / 36.7 ’ S, 167 ° 01.7 / 02.1 ’ E, tangle net, 103 – 108 m, 16.09.2006: 1 female, 20.8 mm × 25.9 mm (MNHN-B 31631), 3 males, 1 female (MNHN-B 31988). – Stn. EP 21, northwest coast of Mao I., 15 ° 37.7 ’ S, 167 ° 5.2 ’ E, tangle nets, 99 m: 1 male, 21.0 mm × 25.4 mm, 1 female, 20.8 mm × 25.0 mm (MNHN-B 31989). – Stn. EP 23, 15 ° 32.8 / 33.0 ’ S, 167 ° 12.1 / 12.3 ’ E, north Aoré I., Aimbué Bay, tangle net, 74 – 88 m, 22.09.2006: 1 male, 25.6 mm × 30.7 mm, 1 female, 24.4 mm × 29.6 mm (MNHN-B 31632). – Stn. EP 24, west Urélapa I., 15 ° 36.5 ’ S, 167 ° 00.9 / 01.7 ’ E, tangle net, 108 – 121 m, 25.09.2006: 1 pre-adult female, 15.2 mm × 18.5 mm (ZRC 2008.1334). – Stn. AT 41, 15 ° 36.7 / 37.0 ’ S, 167 ° 02.7 / 02.8 ’ E, east Urélapa I., 88 – 118 m, 28.09.2006: 1 female, 24.7 mm × 30.8 mm (ZRC 2009.0075). – Stn. FP 48, Aoré I., Aimbué Bay, 15 ° 32.4 ’ S, 167 ° 12.7 ’ E, tangle net, 45 – 50 m, 03.10.2006: 1 male, 21.5 mm × 26.5 mm, 1 female 22.0 mm × 27.2 mm, 1 ovigerous female, 24.8 mm × 31.1 mm (MNHN-B 31633). – Stn. FP 49, Aoré I., Aimbué Bay, 15 ° 32.4 ’ S, 167 ° 12.7 ’ E, tangle net, 45 – 50 m, 03.10.2006: 3 males, 19.8 mm × 25.1 mm – 25.7 mm × 31.1 mm, 1 pre-adult female, 8.3 mm × 10.4 mm, 1 female, 22.8 mm × 27.7 mm (MNHN-B 31634). – Stn. EP 27, Tutuba I., 15 ° 33 ’ S, 167 ° 16.0 ’ E, tangle net, 155 m, 07.10.2006: 1 female, 24.5 mm × 30.1 mm (ZRC 2008.1239). – Stn. EN 33, east Aoré I., Aimbué Bay, 15 ° 32.6 ’ S, 167 ° 12.5 ’ E, traps, 80 m, 14.10.2006: 4 females, 22.6 mm × 27.9 mm – 25.0 mm × 31.7 mm (ZRC 2008.1240). – Stn. EP 35, east Aoré I., off Aimbué Bay, 15 ° 34.9 / 35.1 ’ S, 167 ° 13.9 / 14.1 ’ E, tangle net, 10 – 51 m, 15.10.2006: 2 males, 21.1 mm × 26.2 mm, 25.3 mm × 30.5 mm, 1 female, 22.2 mm × 27.1 mm (MNHN-B 31635). – Stn. EP 40, west Tutuba I., 15 ° 33.1 / 33.6 ’ S, 167 ° 16.4 / 16.5 ’ E, tangle net, 125 – 156 m, 18.10.2006: 1 female, photograph, 26.2 mm × 31.5 mm (ZRC 2008.1335), 1 female, photograph, 21.9 mm × 26.7 mm (ZRC 2008.1336).	en	CASTRO, PETER, NG, PETER K. L. (2010): Revision of the family Euryplacidae Stimpson, 1871 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Goneplacoidea). Zootaxa 2375 (1): 1-130, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1
03F487A8397842037D8CF904F74AFCB4.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Third anterolateral tooth visible (except large individuals), carapace with relatively short posterolateral borders (Figs. 7 C – F; 11 A, B). P 5 propodus slender (Figs. 7 C – F; 11 A, B). Variegated pattern of irregular red-brown, red-pink dots, spots variously arranged on carapace (Fig. 7 C – F).	en	CASTRO, PETER, NG, PETER K. L. (2010): Revision of the family Euryplacidae Stimpson, 1871 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Goneplacoidea). Zootaxa 2375 (1): 1-130, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1
03F487A8397842037D8CF904F74AFCB4.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Diagnostic of E. solaris is a carapace that is sculptured by ridges and deep, sometimes setous grooves, most especially in the largest specimens. A groove extends from the median notch of the front, cutting through a transverse ridge that extends across the frontal region posterior to the front before bifurcating on the mesogastric region. A depression, sometimes setous, extends posterior to each orbit and continuing to the anterolateral border between the first and second anterolateral teeth. Anther groove, typically setous, extends from each of the third anterolateral teeth into the mesogastric region. These grooves are particularly conspicuous in large specimens collected from deep-water tangle nets in the Philippines (e. g. ZRC 2001.0394, 2001.0655, 2004.0751). The supraorbital borders and the hepatic regions in some of these specimens are sculptured by relatively deep, round or irregular depressions. The first anterolateral tooth is triangular in outline; the second, the largest, is also triangular but slightly dorsally elevated; the third is the smallest but conspicuous in relation to other species of Eucrate. Eucrate solaris can be differentiated from all other known species of Eucrate by its distinctive variegated colour pattern. Preserved specimens, which do not show the distinctive colour pattern, do show two diagnostic triangular or hexagonal patterns on the mesogastric region. Also diagnostic is the short tomentum, never conspicuous as in other species of Eucrate, along the anterior margin of the cheliped carpus. Eucrate solaris is closest to E. crenata in the general shape of its carapace, particularly in the anterolateral teeth: first tooth being well developed, triangular, and with an obtuse tip; second tooth the largest, triangular, dorsally salient, and with an obtuse tip; third tooth short, with an obtuse tip, and always present. Eucrate solaris can be morphologically differentiated by: (1) a row of a varying number of obtuse granules and conspicuous tubercles on the outer (dorsal) margin of the cheliped merus (only short granules in E. crenata), (2) the absence of a conspicuous tomentum, only fewer and shorter setae, along the anterior margin of the cheliped merus (long and conspicuous tomentum in E. crenata), and (3) a relatively shallow frontal notch (Fig. 12 A – C) (well defined in E. crenata; Fig. 3 B – D). The colour pattern of preserved specimens of both E. solaris and E. crenata invariably consists of two red-brown dots on the branchial region and many small dots on the anterior third of the carapace. In E. solaris, however, two roughly triangular or a single hexagonal pattern remains on the mesogastric region, a pattern that is never present in E. crenata. In addition to its unique colour pattern, E. solaris can be distinguished from E. alcocki, E. formosensis, and E. sexdentata by having well developed third anterolateral teeth, which, although small, is always visible (Fig. 11 A, B) whereas in the other three species the teeth are absent or only evident by a slight elevation on each of the relatively long posterolateral borders of the carapace. As in E. alcocki and E. formosensis, however, the frontal notch is very small or absent. The P 5 propodus of E. solaris is slender (Fig. 11 A, B) whereas it is noticeably short and wide in E. tripunctata (Figs. 12; 13 C; Campbell 1969: fig. 4 G); the first anterolateral teeth of E. dorsalis are short (Figs. 5; 6 A – C) and in the larger specimens all three anterolateral teeth become even shorter (Campbell 1969: figs. B, K) in contrast to the more conspicuous teeth of E. solaris. Colour pattern. Variegated pattern of irregular red-brown and red-pink dots and spots symmetrically but variously arranged on the carapace (Fig. 7 C – F). Two small, irregular spots are located on the branchial region at the inner end of the v-shaped groove that runs from each third anterolateral tooth; two triangular or hexagonal patterns on the mesogastric region (two dark spots in a Philippines specimen; Fig. 7 C). There is a white band along the proximal portion of the meri of the ambulatory legs, the remaining portion being red-pink. Freshly preserved specimens from the Philippines also showed a red-brown sternum continuing as a vertical band along the margins of the abdomen and extending into the posterior portion of the carapace, which can be seen in the colour photograph (Fig. 7 D). The fingers can be dark or light brown. A colour photograph of presumably fresh material from Taiwan (Shen & Jeng 2005: 153, as E. crenata) shows a yellow carapace with a red-brown, elongated spot across the mesogastric region of the carapace bordered by two large, red-brown spots. The chelipeds are yellow and the ambulatory legs light yellow, with distal portions with wide, red-brown bands. There are many variations in the number and shape of the carapace spots, however, being round, elongated or crescent-shaped, and two, three or four in number (Fig. 7 C – F; Yang & Sun 1979: plate, fig. 1).	en	CASTRO, PETER, NG, PETER K. L. (2010): Revision of the family Euryplacidae Stimpson, 1871 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Goneplacoidea). Zootaxa 2375 (1): 1-130, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1
03F487A8397842037D8CF904F74AFCB4.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Taiwan, South China Sea (Yang & Sun 1979), Philippines, Gulf of Thailand, Vanuatu, and questionably the Ryukyu Is., Japan. Depth: subtidal to at least 200 m, but also collected from tangle nets reaching 500 m (see Ng et al. 2009).	en	CASTRO, PETER, NG, PETER K. L. (2010): Revision of the family Euryplacidae Stimpson, 1871 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Goneplacoidea). Zootaxa 2375 (1): 1-130, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1
03F487A8397B420A7D8CF953F192FE91.taxon	description	(Figs. 12 A – F; 13 A – F; 15 J – L)	en	CASTRO, PETER, NG, PETER K. L. (2010): Revision of the family Euryplacidae Stimpson, 1871 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Goneplacoidea). Zootaxa 2375 (1): 1-130, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1
03F487A8397B420A7D8CF953F192FE91.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Male holotype (QM W 3034), 2 male paratypes, 26.7 mm × 33.8 mm, cl 27.0 mm [rest of carapace damaged], 1 pre-adult female paratype, 16.8 mm × 20.7 mm, 1 female paratype, 29.6 mm × 37.6 mm (QM W 1070, Fig. 15 J – L; AM: see Davie 2002: 199). Type locality. Australia, Queensland, Moreton Bay. Material examined. Thailand. Gulf of Thailand, Songkhla, Sakom fishing port, 3 males, 24.3 mm × 29.4 mm, 37.0 mm × 47.0 mm, 37.5 mm × 47.2 mm, 2 ovigerous females, 34.9 mm × 45.5 mm, 35.6 mm × 44.8 mm (ZRC 2003.0606). – 1 male, 38.0 mm × 48.9 mm (ZRC 2003.0191). Singapore. No data: 1 male, 41.4 mm × 52.6 mm (ZRC 1985.1378); K. L. Yeo coll., 8 – 15.06.1990: 1 male, 32.6 mm × 41.0 mm (ZRC 1991. 0341). Tuas, trawling, W. M. Lee coll., 8 – 18.09.1982: 1 male, 38.1 mm × 47.8 mm, 3 females, 38.0 mm × 48.8 mm, 38.3 mm × 49.0 mm, 33.8 mm × 41.7 mm (ZRC 1984.7844 – 7847); C. M. Yang coll., 12.08.1982: 1 male, 32.5 mm × 40.0 mm (ZRC 1984.5796); 09.05.1984: 1 ovigerous female, 32.3 mm × 40.0 mm, 1 female, 35.4 mm × 45.2 mm (ZRC 1984: 6315 – 6316). (?) Changi Beach Club, 3 m, D. C. Yeo coll., 01.01.2002: 1 female, 13.6 mm × 16.0 mm (ZRC 2002.0248). – Cyrene Reefs, Southern Islands, Singapore, P. F. Clark coll., 10.3.2005: 1 male, 7.0 mm × 8.3 mm (ZRC 2008.066). Australia, Queensland, Moreton Bay, Mud I., dredging, V. F. Collin coll., 7.06.1940: 2 males paratypes, 26.7 mm × 33.8 mm, cl 27.0 mm [rest of carapace damaged], 1 pre-adult female paratype, 16.8 mm × 20.7 mm, 1 female paratype, 29.6 mm × 37.6 mm (QM W 1070).	en	CASTRO, PETER, NG, PETER K. L. (2010): Revision of the family Euryplacidae Stimpson, 1871 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Goneplacoidea). Zootaxa 2375 (1): 1-130, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1
03F487A8397B420A7D8CF953F192FE91.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Third anterolateral tooth visible (except large individuals), carapace with relatively short posterolateral borders (Figs. 12; 13 A – C). P 5 propodus noticeably short, wide (Figs. 12, 13 C). Proportionally short ambulatory legs (Figs. 12; 13 C). G 1 is straight along median portion (Fig. 15 J). Colour pattern varying from light gray-brown anterior third of carapace (Fig. 12 A – C) to various patterns of bright colours (Fig. 12 D – F).	en	CASTRO, PETER, NG, PETER K. L. (2010): Revision of the family Euryplacidae Stimpson, 1871 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Goneplacoidea). Zootaxa 2375 (1): 1-130, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1
03F487A8397B420A7D8CF953F192FE91.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Diagnostic of E. tripunctata are arched anterolateral borders with the two anterolateral teeth that are short, rounded and very similar in appearance to the outer orbital tooth (Figs. 12 A – E; 13 A – D; Campbell 1969: fig. 4 B, K, L). The second anterolateral tooth is triangular in small individuals; the third short but always visible even in the largest individuals. The ambulatory legs are also proportionally short (Figs. 12; 13 C), the P 5 not reaching the third anterolateral tooth when folded. The P 2 – P 5 meri are short, wide and the P 5 propodus conspicuously short and broad (Fig. 13 C; Campbell 1969: fig. 4 G). The male telson is very long and slender, longer than abdominal somite 6 (Campbell 1969: fig. 4 J), the G 1 is straight along the median portion (Fig. 15 J; Campbell 1969: fig. 4 H, I), in contrast to being sinuous as in other species of Eucrate. Campbell (1969: 128) referred to E. tripunctata the four Mergui Archipelago (Myanmar [= Burma]) specimens identified “ with some hesitation ” as E. affinis Haswell, 1882, by De Man (1887: 89, pl. 5, figs. 5 – 7), as well as the single specimen of the same collection identified by Alcock (1900: 300) as E. crenata var. affinis. Eucrate affinis is a junior synonym of Trissoplax dentata (Stimpson, 1858) (see below). Campbell’s decision was made on account of the restriction of the cheliped tomentum to “ the upper border of the wrist of the cheliped ”, the proportions of the P 5 propodus, and the similarity between the outer orbital teeth and the first two anterolateral teeth. Based solely on De Man’s description and his figures, however, it is clear that the specimens do not belong to E. tripunctata. The anterolateral teeth, described by De Man (1887: 90, pl. 5, fig. 5) as “ rather acute ”, do not resemble the conspicuously short teeth of E. tripunctata, a feature that is observed even in pre-adults (Campbell 1969: fig. 4 K, L). Furthermore, the male telson (De Man 1887: pl. 5, fig. 6) is shorter than that in E. tripunctata. Alcock’s specimen was described as being “ more sculptured ” than that of E. crenata, which is in sharp contrast to the smoother carapace of E. tripunctata. A relatively small female from Singapore (Fig. 12 D; 13.6 mm × 16.0 mm, ZRC 2002.0248) had more prominent anterolateral and outer orbital teeth than those of the much larger specimens available or of a smaller male (cw 8 mm) shown by Campbell (1969: fig. 4 L). The teeth were similarly prominent, however, in a small male from Singapore (Fig. 12 E, F; 7.0 mm × 8.3 mm, ZRC 2008.066). Nobili (1901: 35) identified a Singapore specimen as E. crenata and described it as having a large spot on the gastric region and two adjacent, irregular spots. The specimen may have belonged instead to E. tripunctata. Eucrate crenata has never been recorded from or near Singapore. Also possibly identical to E. tripunctata are specimens reported from Pakistan by Tirmizi & Ghani (1996: 82). Their colour pattern (“ dark purplish red, with chelipeds and legs white, the carapace [with] a band of white … on the anterior and lateral borders ” is indeed similar to that of E. tripunctata. Their figures also show similarities with E. tripunctata, because of the short and rounded anterolateral teeth that are similar in appearance to the outer orbital teeth. Colour pattern. Campbell (1969: 128, fig. 4 K) described alcohol-preserved specimens as “ pale cream with three large reddish spots on carapace … median spot of variable extent sometimes coalescing with the two smaller lateral spots ”. In some of the Singapore and Thailand specimens the anterior third of the carapace is light gray-brown without a clear trace of spots (Fig. 12 A – C), except some of the males, where there are hints of large coloured spots (Fig. 12 B, C). The chelipeds, and sometimes the anterior margin of the carapace, of large specimens have red-brown dots (Fig. 12 A – C). The carapaces of smaller specimens show various patterns of bright colours (Fig. 12 D – F).	en	CASTRO, PETER, NG, PETER K. L. (2010): Revision of the family Euryplacidae Stimpson, 1871 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Goneplacoidea). Zootaxa 2375 (1): 1-130, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1
03F487A8397B420A7D8CF953F192FE91.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Gulf of Thailand, Singapore, Australia (Queensland). Depth: shallow subtidal. Genus Euryplax Stimpson, 1859	en	CASTRO, PETER, NG, PETER K. L. (2010): Revision of the family Euryplacidae Stimpson, 1871 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Goneplacoidea). Zootaxa 2375 (1): 1-130, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1
03F487A8397B420A7D8CF953F192FE91.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Carapace (Figs. 16 A; 17 A, B; 18 C) transversely rectangular, wider than long, dorsal surface smooth without clear indication of regions; anterolateral borders straight, nearly parallel to each other; front wide, straight or slightly lobed, with small median notch, transverse sulcus along margin. Two obtuse or acute, often nearly equal, anterolateral teeth posterior to rounded, obtuse, outwardly or anteriorly oriented outer orbital tooth. Small notch on inner portion of thin supraorbital border (Figs. 16 A; 17 A, B; 18 C); short, triangular median lobe on thin suborbital border (Figs. 16 C; 17 C, E; 18 A), inner suborbital tooth absent. Orbits long (shorter than front but longer than half front length); eye peduncles long, slightly longer than large, spherical corneas (Figs. 16 C; 17 A – C; 18 A). Basal antennal article immobile, disto-lateral process absent, orbital hiatus closed excluding antennal flagellum from orbit (Fig. 16 C; Guinot 1969 b: fig. 41). Anteroexternal margin of third maxilliped merus auriculiform (Figs. 17 C; 18 A). Cheliped fingers moderately slender, shorter than propodus, light in colour (Figs. 16 B; 18 C); carpus with tooth on inner margin; short tomentum may be present along anterodistal margins of merus, carpus (Fig. 18 C). Dorsal margins of ambulatory legs (P 2 – P 5) meri, carpi, propodi unarmed, dactyli slender, smooth, setose. P 5 propodus proportionally stout, subcylindrical, margins fringed with long, simple setae; P 5 dactylus proportionally slender (Fig. 16 A), margins fringed with long, simple setae, short teeth. Thoracic sternum wide; thoracic suture 2 / 3 complete, straight (Fig. 17 D); 4 / 5, 6 / 7, 7 / 8 interrupted, 5 / 6 complete; thoracic sternites 7, 8 overlapping over penis (Figs. 16 E; 17 G); median groove on thoracic sternites 7, 8 (Figs. 16 E; 17 G). Sterno-abdominal cavity of male deep, nearly reaching anterior margin of sternite 4 (Figs. 17 D, G). Male abdomen proportionally wide, triangular (not T-shaped), proportionally narrow telson (Figs. 16 D; 17 E); somite 3 transversely longer than somites 4 – 6, not reaching inner margins of P 5 coxae; small portion on each side of thoracic sternite 8 left exposed by closed abdomen even if somite 2 transversely longer than somite 3 (Figs. 16 F; 17 F; 18 D). Press-button of male abdominal-locking mechanism as large tubercle near thoracic suture 4 / 5 (Fig. 17 D) (small tubercle present in pre-adult females). G 1 long, slender, slightly sinuous, acuminate apex, with many denticles (Figs. 18 D; 20 A, B); G 2 less than one-third of G 1, straight, apex with 2 unequal processes (Fig. 20 C). Male genital opening (gonopore) coxal, protected by enlarged, widened episternite 7; coxo-sternal disposition of long penis, protected by overlapping episternite 7, thoracic sternite 8 (Figs. 16 E; 17 G). Female abdomen relatively narrow, not covering outer portions of thoracic sternum (Fig. 18 A). Vulva small, ovoid, extending from margin of thoracic suture 5 / 6 to median portion of sternite 6 far from median axis of thorax; covered by soft membrane, sternal vulvar cover absent (Fig. 18 B).	en	CASTRO, PETER, NG, PETER K. L. (2010): Revision of the family Euryplacidae Stimpson, 1871 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Goneplacoidea). Zootaxa 2375 (1): 1-130, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1
03F487A8397B420A7D8CF953F192FE91.taxon	type_taxon	Type species. Euryplax nitida Stimpson, 1859 (by monotypy, gender feminine) [Opinion 85, Direction 37].	en	CASTRO, PETER, NG, PETER K. L. (2010): Revision of the family Euryplacidae Stimpson, 1871 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Goneplacoidea). Zootaxa 2375 (1): 1-130, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1
03F487A8397B420A7D8CF953F192FE91.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Euryplax is noteworthy for the protection of the proximal portion of the penis by the partial closure of thoracic sternites 7 and 8 (Figs. 16 E; 17 G; also see Guinot 1969 b: fig. 39; Castro et al. 2010: 8 C, D). Stimpson (1859: 60) had noted this in his description of E. nitida: “ Verges [penis] of the male arising from the coxae of the posterior feet, and passing to the abdominal appendages through canals in the sternum ”. The penis of Euryplax is protected by episternite 7 extending close to but never fusing with thoracic sternite 8, thus never forming a closed channel as in the case of Sotoplax robertsi Guinot, 1984, a goneplacoid now placed in its own family (see Castro et al. 2010). Penial protection in Euryplax may be considered an extreme case among euryplacids, where the penis is protected only by a concavity along the posterior portion of thoracic sternite 7, an expansion of episternite 7, and the transversely wide abdominal somite 3 of the closed abdomen. Another peculiarity of Euryplax that departs from most other euryplacids is that somite 3 of the male abdomen, although transversely longer than somites 4 – 6, does not reach the inner margins of the P 5 coxae (Figs. 16 F; 17 F; 18 D). Furthermore, a small portion on each side of thoracic sternite 8 is left exposed by the closed abdomen even if somite 2 transversely longer than somite 3 (Figs. 16 F; 17 F; 18 D; Rathbun 1918: fig. 11 a; Guinot 1969 b: figs. 39, 47). The significance of the shape of the abdomen and sternal protection of the penis in Euryplax and the Euryplacidae in general is discussed below (“ Evolution of Penial Protection in the Euryplacidae ”). Euryplax bevisi Stebbing, 1921 (Stebbing 1921: p. 14, pl. II), described from Natal, South Africa, does not belong in Euryplax (see Barnard 1950: 283; Guinot 1969 b: 512; Ng et al. 2008: 78, 79) or in the Euryplacidae. It is a portunid, as previously suggested by Barnard (“ reminds one very much of a Thalamita ”). However, the unusual carapace depicted by Stebbing (1921: pl. II) is a problem as no known Thalamita species has such elongated proportions. Euryplax bevisi was subsequently designated as the type species of Lipkeplax Števčić, 2005, which was included in a list of “ new genera incertae sedis ” (Števčić 2005: 134) without any indications as to their inclusion in any particular supra-generic taxa. The generic name is unavailable since it was not accompanied by a description or definition to differentiate it from other genera (International Code of Zoological Nomenclature, Article 13.1). The holotype of E. bevisi Stebbing, 1921, was recently found in the NHM and examined by the second author. The specimen, measuring 22.8 mm × 13.8 mm, collected by A. L. Bevis, was dismembered and there is a label indicating it was once dried. However, all the key characters are intact, including the gonopods. Ng & Clark (in press) showed that the species is clearly a portunid of the genus Thalamita (see Barnard 1950: 283; Guinot 1969 b: 512; Ng et al. 2008: 78, 79), and is a senior synonym of Thalamita dakini Montgomery, 1931, which is known from many parts of the Indo-West Pacific (Apel & Spiridonov 1998; Retamal 2004). There is thus no basis for Števčić (2005) establishing a new genus for the species. Species included. Euryplax nitida Stimpson, 1859 Euryplax polita Smith, 1870 The genus is restricted to the Western Atlantic and Tropical Eastern Pacific regions.	en	CASTRO, PETER, NG, PETER K. L. (2010): Revision of the family Euryplacidae Stimpson, 1871 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Goneplacoidea). Zootaxa 2375 (1): 1-130, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1
03F487A8397242147D8CFB79F6CDFE21.taxon	description	(Figs. 16 A – F; 17 A – G; 18 A, B; 20 A – C; 39 A, B)	en	CASTRO, PETER, NG, PETER K. L. (2010): Revision of the family Euryplacidae Stimpson, 1871 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Goneplacoidea). Zootaxa 2375 (1): 1-130, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1
03F487A8397242147D8CFB79F6CDFE21.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Lost; type locality: Florida, Florida Keys. Neotype of Euryplax nitidus Stimpson, 1859: male, 7.1 mm × 11.3 mm (UF 15166; Figs. 16, 39 A); type locality: Florida, Gulf of Mexico, west of St. Petersburg, 27.4815 ° N, 82.8872 ° W, 0 – 12 m. Material examined. Florida. Gulf of Mexico, west of St. Petersburg, 27.4815 ° N, 82.8872 ° W, Capetown dredge, 0 – 12 m, G. Paulay coll., 12.11.2007: male neotype (here designated), 7.1 mm × 11.3 mm (UF 15166); male, 4.4 mm × 7.0 mm (UF 15168). Gulf of Mexico, Marco Beach, L. B. Holthuis coll., 12.09.1960: 2 males, 7.2 mm × 10.4 mm, 4.2 mm × 5.6 mm, 1 pre-adult female, 3.9 mm × 5.8 mm, 1 female, 4.2 mm × 6.6 mm (RMNH D 15769). Off southern Florida, 25 ° 17.32 ’ N, 81 ° 39.49 ’ W, 13 m, Suncoaster, 10.12.1983: 1 female (USNM 276579). Colombia. Off Bahía Honda, stn. A 15 – 39, 5 – 6 m, 8.04.1939: 3 males, 6.2 mm × 9.6 mm, 6.3 mm × 9.5 mm, 7.5 mm × 11.3 mm, 2 ovigerous females, 6.0 mm × 8.8 mm, 6.4 mm × 9.8 mm (LACM); 16 – 18 m, 8.04.1939: 12 males, 1 pre-adult female, 7 females, 7 ovigerous females (LACM). SW of Cape de la Vela, stn. A 1339, CN 106, 5 – 7 m, 8.04.1939: 1 male, 6.4 mm × 10.2 mm (LACM); 18 – 24 m, 2 males, 2 pre-adult females, 3 ovigerous females (LACM). Venezuela. North of Coche I., stn. A 32 – 39, 35 – 60 m, 8.04.1939: 1 female (LACM). North of Margarita I., stn. A 42 – 39, 21.04.1939: 1 female, 1 ovigerous female (LACM). Cubagua I., stn. A 28 – 39, 4 m, 15.04.1939: 1 pre-adult female (LACM). Trinidad. Gulf of Paria near San Fernando, 4.5 m, Shell Expedition, 02.05.1952: 1 male (RMNH D 9764). Curaçao. Prof. Boeke coll., 26.05.1905: 1 ovigerous female, 10.3 mm × 16.2 mm (RMNH D 2263). Brazil. Dertero (?), M. Muller leg.: 1 male, 13.9 mm × 23.2 mm, 1 male, 9.8 mm × 16.4 mm (MNHN- B 8732). Santos, 20.04.1961, L. R. Tommasi leg.: 1 female (RMNH D 18755). Unknown location, identified as “ Frevillea rosaea ”: 1 male, 28.3 mm × 16.9 mm (NHM 1850.32).	en	CASTRO, PETER, NG, PETER K. L. (2010): Revision of the family Euryplacidae Stimpson, 1871 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Goneplacoidea). Zootaxa 2375 (1): 1-130, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1
03F487A8397242147D8CFB79F6CDFE21.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Outer orbital angle typically reduced, acuminate (Figs. 16 A; 17 A, B, E). Dorsal surface of cheliped merus with depression near anterior margin.	en	CASTRO, PETER, NG, PETER K. L. (2010): Revision of the family Euryplacidae Stimpson, 1871 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Goneplacoidea). Zootaxa 2375 (1): 1-130, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1
03F487A8397242147D8CFB79F6CDFE21.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Euryplax nitida, which is Western Atlantic in distribution, is very close to E. polita, a species that is restricted to the Tropical Eastern Pacific region. Both species may be distinguished from each other by the shape of the outer orbital angle: typically reduced and acuminate in E. nitida (Figs. 16 A; 17 A, B, E; Guinot 1969 b: fig. 41) but more expanded anteriorly and broader in E. polita (Fig. 18 C; Guinot 1969 b: fig. 1). The shape of the anterolateral teeth varies in both species, varying from obtuse to slender. The dorsal surface of the cheliped merus of E. nitida has a depression near its anterior margin, which is absent in E. polita. In the male neotype (7.1 mm × 11.3 mm; UF 15166) a triangular, setose tooth is located at the proximal margin of the depression. The depression is referred to as a “ deep pit ” by Rathbun (1918: 34) and “ fosette ” by Guinot (1969 b: 512). The eye peduncles are noticeably shorter in E. nitida (Fig. 16 A, C) than in E. polita (Fig. 18 C), and the suborbital border is nearly straight, with two small lobes in E. nitida (Figs. 16 C; 17 E; 18 A), but with two lobes folded ventrally in the largest individuals of E. polita. Some of the characters given by Rathbun (1918: 34, 36) to differentiate between the two species (i. e. carapace anterolateral borders converging anteriorly and fingers with white tips in E. nitida; anterolateral borders parallel and fingers with brown tips) do not agree with all the material examined. In fact, the anterolateral borders of the carapace are parallel in the specimens of E. nitida examined (Figs. 16 A; 17 A, B) as well as in the photograph given by Rathbun (1918: pl. 7) but they converge in at least some specimens of E. polita (Fig. 18 C). The photograph of the holotype of E. polita given by Guinot (1969 b: fig. 1) nevertheless shows straight anterolateral borders. The type material of Stimpson’s species, as with most of his material (see Evans 1967; Deiss & Manning 1981; Manning 1993; Manning & Reed 2006) is almost certainly lost. In the interest of long-term nomenclatural stability, we hereby designate a male neotype for Euryplax nitidus Stimpson, 1859 (7.1 mm × 11.3 mm; UF 15166; Figs. 16; 39 A). It was collected in the Gulf of Mexico off St. Petersburg, Florida, approximately 358 km north of the Florida Keys, the type locality of Stimpson’s species. Colour pattern. Irregular dark gray spots across tan to light yellow dorsal surface of carapace; irregular spots on chelipeds, dark purple blotch at the base of each finger, and banded ambulatory legs (male neotype, UF 15166) (Fig. 39 A). Spots were relatively smaller in a smaller male (UF 15168) (Fig. 39 B).	en	CASTRO, PETER, NG, PETER K. L. (2010): Revision of the family Euryplacidae Stimpson, 1871 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Goneplacoidea). Zootaxa 2375 (1): 1-130, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1
03F487A8397242147D8CFB79F6CDFE21.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Western Atlantic from North Carolina, Bermuda and Gulf of Mexico to southern Brazil (Coelho et al. 2008). Depth: shallow subtidal to 90 m (Powers 1977).	en	CASTRO, PETER, NG, PETER K. L. (2010): Revision of the family Euryplacidae Stimpson, 1871 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Goneplacoidea). Zootaxa 2375 (1): 1-130, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1
03F487A8396D42107D8CFA99F630FC9F.taxon	description	(Fig. 18 C, D)	en	CASTRO, PETER, NG, PETER K. L. (2010): Revision of the family Euryplacidae Stimpson, 1871 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Goneplacoidea). Zootaxa 2375 (1): 1-130, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1
03F487A8396D42107D8CFA99F630FC9F.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Male holotype (YPM 660; Guinot 1969 b: fig. 1). Type locality. Pacific coast of Panamá, unknown location. Material examined. Mexico (?) SIPCO IIB 1, V. V. P., 29.08.1981: 1 male, 9.8 mm × 16.4 mm, 1 female, 9.7 mm × 15.4 mm (MNHN-B 24040). Mexico. Isabel I., Sinaloa, Velero, stn. 747 – 37, 18 – 33 m, 2.04.1937: 1 male, 4.7 mm × 7.0 mm (LACM); stn. 870 – 38, 18 – 27 m, 8.03.1938: 2 males, 1 pre-adult female (LACM); stn. 974 – 39, 27 – 46 m, 9.05.1939: 1 male, cl 8.6 mm [remainder of carapace damaged] (LACM). Revillagigedo Is., Socorro I., Braithwaite Bay, Velero, stn. 131 – 34, 3.01.1934: 1 pre-adult female (LACM). Petlatán Bay, Velero, stn. 264 – 34, 14 m, 3.03.1934: 2 pre-adult females, 5.4 mm × 7.9 mm, 5.5 mm × 8.2 mm (LACM). Chacahua Bay, Velero, stn. 765 – 38, 9 – 18 m, 9.01.1938: 1 male (LACM); stn. 767 – 38, 73 – 91 m, 9.01.1938: 1 male, 4.9 mm × 7.4 mm (LACM). Tangola-Tangola Bay, Velero, stn. 259 – 34, 8 – 11 m, 28.02.1934: 1 male, 5.7 mm × 9.1 mm (LACM). Tangola-Tangola Bay, Eastern Pacific Zaca Expedition, stn. 196, D – 6, D – 8, no. 37,592, 16 – 13 m, 9.12.1937: 1 male, 5.4 mm × 8.2 mm, 1 female, 5.7 mm × 8.9 mm (LACM); stn. 196, D – 13, no. 37,620, 18 m, 12.12.1937: 1 male, 8.7 mm × 14.7 mm (LACM); stn. 196, D – 17, 42 m, 13.12.1937: 1 pre-adult female, 4.3 mm × 6.0 mm (LACM). Guatemala. Off San José Light, Velero, stn. 931 – 39, 42 m, 23.03.1939: 3 pre-adult females (LACM). Panamá. Taboga I., Velero, stn. 960 – 39, 1 – 3 m, 2.05.1939: 1 male, 7.1 mm × 11.2 mm (LACM). Piña Bay, Velero, stn. 438 – 35, 46 m, 29.01.1935: 1 pre-adult female (LACM). Ecuador. La Libertad, Velero, stn. 209 – 34, 4 – 6 m, 9.02.1934: 1 female, 5.8 mm × 8.8 mm, 1 ovigerous female, 5.6 mm × 8.3 mm (LACM). Perú. Caleta La Cruz, Tumbes, no. B – 117, E. M. del Solar coll., 15 m, sand, 18.03.1970: 1 male, 18.9 mm × 33.8 mm (LACM). Sechura Bay, Velero, stn. 845 – 38, 17 m, 15.02.1938: 1 female, 6.6 mm × 10.5 mm (LACM).	en	CASTRO, PETER, NG, PETER K. L. (2010): Revision of the family Euryplacidae Stimpson, 1871 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Goneplacoidea). Zootaxa 2375 (1): 1-130, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1
03F487A8396D42107D8CFA99F630FC9F.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Outer orbital angle typically (but not always) expanded anteriorly, broad (Fig. 18 C). Dorsal surface of cheliped merus without depression near anterior margin.	en	CASTRO, PETER, NG, PETER K. L. (2010): Revision of the family Euryplacidae Stimpson, 1871 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Goneplacoidea). Zootaxa 2375 (1): 1-130, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1
03F487A8396D42107D8CFA99F630FC9F.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Differences between E. polita and its close congener, E. nitida, are given in the Remarks section of the latter.	en	CASTRO, PETER, NG, PETER K. L. (2010): Revision of the family Euryplacidae Stimpson, 1871 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Goneplacoidea). Zootaxa 2375 (1): 1-130, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1
03F487A8396D42107D8CFA99F630FC9F.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Tropical Eastern Pacific region, from the Gulf of California to Perú. Depth: shallow subtidal to 91 m. Genus Frevillea A. Milne-Edwards, 1880	en	CASTRO, PETER, NG, PETER K. L. (2010): Revision of the family Euryplacidae Stimpson, 1871 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Goneplacoidea). Zootaxa 2375 (1): 1-130, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1
03F487A8396D42107D8CFA99F630FC9F.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Carapace (Figs. 18 E, F; 19 A) quadrate, slightly wider than long, dorsal surface smooth without clear indication of regions; anterolateral borders straight, nearly parallel to each other; front wide, slightly bilobed with small median prominence or straight. One acute anterolateral tooth posterior to slender, acute, outwardly oriented outer orbital tooth; long, sinuous median lobe on thin suborbital border, triangular inner suborbital tooth (Fig. 19 B, C). Orbits long, longer than front; eye peduncles long, nearly as long as front, longer than corneas; corneas reniform, dorsoventrally flattened (Figs. 18 E, F; 19 A, B). Basal antennal article does not fill orbital hiatus (Fig. 19 B; Guinot 1969 b: fig. 40), made immobile by small process at inner edge of suborbital border. Anteroexternal margin of third maxilliped merus auriculiform (Fig. 19 C). Cheliped fingers (Fig. 19 E) moderately slender, shorter than propodus, light in colour; carpus with tooth on inner margin; dense tomentum on posterior margin of propodus and anterior margin of carpus (Figs. 18 E, F; 19 A). Dorsal margins of ambulatory legs (P 2 – P 5) meri, carpi, propodi unarmed, dactyli slender, smooth, setose. P 5 (Figs. 18 E, F; 19 A) propodus subcylindrical, fringed with long setae; dactylus long, slender. Thoracic sternum (Fig. 19 F, H) wide; thoracic suture 2 / 3 complete, slightly convex (Fig. 19 H); 3 / 4 deep, short, interrupted; 4 / 5, 6 / 7, 7 / 8 interrupted, 5 / 6 complete (Fig. 19 F, H); median groove on thoracic sternites 7, 8 (Fig. 19 F). Sterno-abdominal cavity of male deep, reaching anterior margin of sternite 4 (Fig. 19 F). Press-button of male abdominal-locking mechanism as large tubercle near thoracic suture 4 / 5 (presence in pre-adult females unknown). Male abdomen (Fig. 19 D) moderately wide, triangular (not T-shaped), proportionally narrow telson; somite 3 transversely longer than somites 4 – 6, reaching inner margins of P 5 coxae, fitting under episternite 7; no portion of thoracic 8 exposed by closed abdomen, somite 2 transversely as long as somite 3 (Fig. 19 G; Guinot 1969 b: fig. 33). G 1 long, slender, slightly sinuous, acuminate apex, with relatively large denticles (Figs. 19 F; 20 D, E); G 2 less than one-third of G 1, straight, apex with 2 unequal processes (Fig. 20 F). Male genital opening (gonopore) coxal; coxo-sternal disposition of long penis with broad proximal portion, protected by concave posterior portion of thoracic sternite 7 (Fig. 19 F). Vulva rounded, extending across most of median portion of sternite 6 close to median axis of thorax (Fig. 19 H); thick, slightly elevated posterior margin, covered by soft membrane, sternal vulvar cover absent.	en	CASTRO, PETER, NG, PETER K. L. (2010): Revision of the family Euryplacidae Stimpson, 1871 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Goneplacoidea). Zootaxa 2375 (1): 1-130, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1
03F487A8396D42107D8CFA99F630FC9F.taxon	type_taxon	Type species. Frevillea barbata A. Milne-Edwards, 1880 (by designation, Rathbun 1918: 25; gender feminine).	en	CASTRO, PETER, NG, PETER K. L. (2010): Revision of the family Euryplacidae Stimpson, 1871 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Goneplacoidea). Zootaxa 2375 (1): 1-130, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1
03F487A8396D42107D8CFA99F630FC9F.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Frevillea was sometimes confused with Goneplax Leach, 1814 (i. e. Rathbun 1918: 25), a genus that is clearly included in the Goneplacidae, even if both taxa share the general morphology of the dorsal surface of the carapace (see Guinot 1969 b: 515; Castro 2007: 619). The inclusion of Frevillea in the Euryplacidae is clear, even if the genus has some unusual features. Unique among euryplacid genera is a basal antennal article that does not fill the orbital hiatus (Guinot 1969 b: 515, fig. 40). The male abdomen of Frevillea, a Western Atlantic genus, is intermediate between the slender, T-shaped abdomen of Indo-West Pacific genera and the wide, triangular abdomen of three Western Atlantic and Tropical Eastern Pacific genera (Fig. 1). Such a moderately wide but clearly not triangular male abdomen (Fig. 19 D) is shared with Euryplax and Machaerus (Fig. 1 B). Unusual among euryplacids are the reniform eyes with the corneas dorsoventrally flattened (Figs. 18 E, F; 19 A, B), a trait shared with the euryplacid Psopheticoides (Fig. 36 B). The separation between the three described species of Frevillea, all of which are sympatric in at least part of their geographical distribution in the Western Atlantic, is ambiguous and as a result not always clear. Rathbun (1918: 25), in a key to the American species of Goneplax that included the three species of Frevillea, separated F. barbata from F. hirsuta and F. rosaea by having the sides of the carapace “ strongly convergent posteriorly ” in contrast to being “ almost parallel ” in the other two species. Such differences are not apparent in the material examined (Figs. 18 E, F; 19 A) or in published illustrations and photographs (Rathbun 1918: fig. 7 a; Guinot 1969 b: fig. 3; Williams 1984: fig. 344 for F. hirsuta, and A. Milne-Edwards & Bouvier 1923: pl. 6, fig. 1; Rathbun 1918: pl. 4, fig. 1 Guinot 1969 b: fig. 2 for F. barbata). A. Milne-Edwards & Bouvier (1923: 337), in the detailed descriptions of F. barbata and F. rosaea, which were briefly described but not illustrated by A. Milne-Edwards (1880 b), refer to the differences between the two species as very slight (differences très légères). Only one character separates them, the presence in F. rosaea of a “ tuberculiform swelling ” (un petit renflement tuberculiforme) between the outer orbital tooth and the anterolateral tooth on each side of the carapace. Such a feature, which was the only character used in Rathbun’s key to separate between the two species, is apparent as a short tooth in the figure in A. Milne-Edwards & Bouvier (1923: pl. 6, fig. 1) but it was not found in the male holotype (MNHN-B 8733). Characteristic of F. hirsuta is the variously long and dense tomentum on the anterior portion of the cheliped propodus and the anterior margin of cheliped carpus (Rathbun 1918: fig. 7; Guinot, 1969 b: pl. 2, fig. 3; Williams 1984: fig. 344), a character present in the type material (Fig. 18 E, F). Long tufts of tomentum are also present on the inner margin of the carpus. A tomentum is also present, although presumably shorter, in F. barbata (A. Milne-Edwards & Bouvier 1923: pl. 6, fig. 2; Rathbun 1918: pl. 4, fig. 1, 3). The length of the tomentum, and even its presence, is a variable character among many species of euryplacids so the use of this to separate species is questionable. The collection of additional material, particularly of F. rosaea, should clarify the status of all three putative species of Frevillea. As such, no diagnoses are given below for each of the three species of Frevillea given the ambiguous character of their supposed diagnostic characters. A fourth species, described as F. tridentata A. Milne-Edwards, 1880, is now included, as Trapezioplax tridentata, in the Pseudorhombilidae Alcock, 1900 (see Guinot 1969 b: 514; Ng et al. 2008: 192). The dorsal surface of this species is almost identical to that of Frevillea (as well as of Goneplax and other genera of Goneplacidae) but its abdomen and gonopods clearly indicate that it is a pseudorhombilid and not a euryplacid. Species included. Frevillea barbata A. Milne-Edwards, 1880 Frevillea hirsuta (Borradaile, 1916) Frevillea rosaea A. Milne-Edwards, 1880 The genus is restricted to the Western Atlantic region.	en	CASTRO, PETER, NG, PETER K. L. (2010): Revision of the family Euryplacidae Stimpson, 1871 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Goneplacoidea). Zootaxa 2375 (1): 1-130, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1
03F487A8396842117D8CF98CF434FF64.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Damaged male lectotype, cw 5.9 mm (MNHN-B 8733; Guinot 1969 b: fig. 2); 1 male, 1 female, and 1 juvenile paralectotypes (MCZ 9155). Type locality. Gulf of Mexico, north of Yucatán Channel, 23 ° 13 ’ N, 89 ° 16 ’ W, 151 m. Material examined. Gulf of Mexico. North of Yucatán Channel, 23 ° 13 ’ N, 89 ° 16 ’ W, 151 m: damaged male lectotype, cw 5.9 mm (MNHN-B 8733).	en	CASTRO, PETER, NG, PETER K. L. (2010): Revision of the family Euryplacidae Stimpson, 1871 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Goneplacoidea). Zootaxa 2375 (1): 1-130, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1
03F487A8396842117D8CF98CF434FF64.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. See Remarks for Frevillea.	en	CASTRO, PETER, NG, PETER K. L. (2010): Revision of the family Euryplacidae Stimpson, 1871 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Goneplacoidea). Zootaxa 2375 (1): 1-130, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1
03F487A8396842117D8CF98CF434FF64.taxon	discussion	Remarks. In the original description, A. Milne-Edwards (1880 b) did not designate a holotype specimen so all his material are technically syntypes. A male designated as “ cotype ” (MNHN-B 8733) is damaged, with the chelipeds missing, only the right outer orbital angle remaining, and the ambulatory legs (except left P 5, right P 4) detached. A. Milne-Edwards & Bouvier (1923: 336), in a more complete treatment than the short description by A. Milne-Edwards (1880 b: 15), referred to a male “ type ”, plus two adult females, one pre-adult male, and two pre-adult females; a male was illustrated and referred to as “ type ” (A. Milne-Edwards & Bouvier (1923: fig. 2, pl. 7, figs. 1, 2). The MNHN “ cotype ”, clearly an adult male, was referred to as the “ holotype ” by Rathbun (1918: 26), who listed it in her list of material examined. Although damaged, it does show the diagnostic characters of the species according to the description and the more complete treatment afterwards. As all of A. Milne-Edwards’ specimens are syntypes, the selection of a “ type ” by A. Milne-Edwards & Bouvier (1923) actually makes this specimen the lectotype of Frevillea barbata A. Milne-Edwards, 1880. A female specimen referred to as a “ co-type ” and whose photograph was given by Guinot (1969 b: fig. 2) could not be located in the MNHN. It must be part of the type material currently deposited in MCZ: one male, one female and one juvenile, plus many broken appendages (A. Baldinger, personal communication). These three specimens (MCZ 9155) therefore are paralectotypes.	en	CASTRO, PETER, NG, PETER K. L. (2010): Revision of the family Euryplacidae Stimpson, 1871 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Goneplacoidea). Zootaxa 2375 (1): 1-130, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1
03F487A8396842117D8CF98CF434FF64.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Western Atlantic from the Gulf of Mexico and Florida to Grenada, West Indies. Depth: subtidal to 300 m	en	CASTRO, PETER, NG, PETER K. L. (2010): Revision of the family Euryplacidae Stimpson, 1871 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Goneplacoidea). Zootaxa 2375 (1): 1-130, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1
03F487A8396942117D8CFB23F1E9F8C9.taxon	description	(Figs. 18 E, F; 19 A – H; 20 D – F)	en	CASTRO, PETER, NG, PETER K. L. (2010): Revision of the family Euryplacidae Stimpson, 1871 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Goneplacoidea). Zootaxa 2375 (1): 1-130, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1
03F487A8396942117D8CFB23F1E9F8C9.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Male lectotype, 10.5 mm × 15.2 mm (NHM 1917.1.29.148 – 9; Fig. 18 E); 1 female paralectotype, 12.0 mm × 17.8 mm (NHM 1917.1.29.148 – 9; Fig. 18 F). Type locality. Off Brazil, 22 ° 56 ’ S, 41 ° 34 ’ W, 73 m. Material examined. Florida. Gulf of Mexico, off Tarpon Springs, near Middle Grounds, 28.1522 ° N, 84.9055 ° W, 479 m, B. Olaiver coll., 29.03.2003: 1 male, 19.0 mm × 27.0 mm (UF 3747). Gulf of Mexico, off St. Petersburg, 27.71 ° N, 84.5755 ° W, 129.4 m, J. Stamer coll., 21.11.2004: 1 male, 13.5 mm × 19.3 mm (UF 6577). Florida Straits, SW of Dry Tortugas, 24.4025 ° N, 83.1858 ° W, F. F. Snelson coll., 10.05.2006: 2 males, 13.3 mm × 20.0 mm, 14.6 mm × 21.0 mm, 3 females, 13.9 mm × 19.6 mm, 15.0 mm × 21.0 mm, 15.5 mm × 22.0 mm (UF 11537). Guadeloupe. Polka: stn. D 5, dredging, 95 m, 23.07.1991: 1 female 13.6 mm × 21.5 mm (MNHN- B 30600). – Off Basse Terre, trap and net, 200 – 300 m, D. Lamy coll.: 2 males 16.6 mm × 24.9 mm, 15.5 mm × 23.3 mm, 1 female 13.3 mm × 19.9 mm (MNHN-B 30601). Brazil. Espíritu Santo, 20 ° 44 ’ S, 40 ° 25 ’ W, 33 m, S. Rodrigues coll., 20.05.1967: 1 male (MZUSP 6132). Rio de Janeiro, Ilha Grande, stn. 301, 75 m, 16.02.1968: 1 ovigerous female (MZUSP 2925). Terra Nova, stn. 42, 22 ° 56 ’ S, 41 ° 34 ’ W, 73 m: male lectotype, 1 female paralectotype (NHM 1917.1.29.148 – 9). São Paulo, Santos, Instituto de Pesca, 20.02.1984: 1 female (MZUSP 6649). São Paulo, Ubatuba, W. Besnard coll., 07.1988: 1 male (MZUSP 11876). Rio Grande do Sul, GEDIP, stn. 286, 27.04.1968: 1 male (MZUSP 6122), stn. 413: 1 male (MZUSP 3817), stn. 473: 1 male (MZUSP 3441), stn. 588: 1 ovigerous female (MZUSP 3545), stn. 1883: 1 male (MZUSP 9200). Projeto Integrado, stn. 5201: 1 male (MZUSP 11872). Projeto Sol, stn. 1283, 07.12.1970: 1 ovigerous female (MZUSP 9411). REVISEE Sul, stn. 6678: 1 male (MZUSP 13771). No location: 1 male, 1 female (MZUSP 12150).	en	CASTRO, PETER, NG, PETER K. L. (2010): Revision of the family Euryplacidae Stimpson, 1871 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Goneplacoidea). Zootaxa 2375 (1): 1-130, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1
03F487A8396942117D8CFB23F1E9F8C9.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. See Remarks for Frevillea.	en	CASTRO, PETER, NG, PETER K. L. (2010): Revision of the family Euryplacidae Stimpson, 1871 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Goneplacoidea). Zootaxa 2375 (1): 1-130, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1
03F487A8396942117D8CFB23F1E9F8C9.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Of the two syntypes specimens deposited at NHM (NHM 1917.1.29.148 – 9), the male (10.5 mm × 15.2 mm; Fig. 18 E) is hereby selected as the lectotype, the female as paralectotype (12.0 mm × 17.8 mm; Fig. 18 F).	en	CASTRO, PETER, NG, PETER K. L. (2010): Revision of the family Euryplacidae Stimpson, 1871 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Goneplacoidea). Zootaxa 2375 (1): 1-130, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1
03F487A8396942117D8CFB23F1E9F8C9.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Western Atlantic from North Carolina to southern Brazil. Depth: 73 – 476 m.	en	CASTRO, PETER, NG, PETER K. L. (2010): Revision of the family Euryplacidae Stimpson, 1871 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Goneplacoidea). Zootaxa 2375 (1): 1-130, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1
03F487A8396B421E7D8CFE2FF645FF64.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Female lectotype, 15.7 mm × 22.7 mm, 1 male paralectotype, 10.1 mm × 16.3 mm, 1 preadult female paralectotype, 5.0 mm × 7.9 mm (MNHN-B 10152). Type locality. West Indies, off St. Vincent, 13 ° 06.75 ’ N, 61 ° 06.9 ’ W, 158 m. Material examined. West Indies. U. S. C. S. S. Blake, stn. 232: female lectotype, 15.7 mm × 22.7 mm, 1 male paralectotype, 10.1 mm × 16.3 mm, 1 pre-adult female paralectotype, 5.0 mm × 7.9 mm (MNHN- B 10152).	en	CASTRO, PETER, NG, PETER K. L. (2010): Revision of the family Euryplacidae Stimpson, 1871 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Goneplacoidea). Zootaxa 2375 (1): 1-130, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1
03F487A8396B421E7D8CFE2FF645FF64.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. See Remarks for Frevillea.	en	CASTRO, PETER, NG, PETER K. L. (2010): Revision of the family Euryplacidae Stimpson, 1871 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Goneplacoidea). Zootaxa 2375 (1): 1-130, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1
03F487A8396B421E7D8CFE2FF645FF64.taxon	discussion	Remarks. The known type material of F. rosaea consists of three specimens, one male, one female, and one pre-adult female (MNHN-B 10152). Labels indicate “ type ” and “ juv. cotypes ” without any indication as to which specimen is the actual holotype. No additional information is given in the description (A. Milne- Edwards 1880 b: 15), and as such, all the specimens must be regarded as syntypes. A subsequent publication with a more detailed account of the species (A. Milne-Edwards & Bouvier 1923: 337) refers to a female as the “ type ” (le type chargé d’oeufs) and the specimen illustrated is similarly referred to as type femelle (A. Milne- Edwards & Bouvier 1923: 337). Rathbun (1918: 27) referred to the “ female holotype in Paris Mus. (After A. Milne Edwards.) ”. The action by A. Milne-Edwards & Bouvier (1923) is equivalent to the selection of a lectotype for the species. A. Milne-Edwards & Bouvier also referred to the three other specimens .. These specimens are all paralectotypes. The whereabouts of the presumed fourth specimen is unknown. It is not found in the collections of the Museum of Comparative Zoology (MCZ), Harvard University, where part of the type material of F. barbata is deposited (see above) as both species were described from the same Blake material collected by L. Agassiz. The female specimen (15.7 mm × 22.7 mm) is here regarded as the lectotype and a damaged male without gonopods (10.1 mm × 16.3 mm) and the pre-adult female (5.0 mm × 7.9 mm) as paralectotypes. All three specimens are part of the same lot catalogued as MNHN-B 10152.	en	CASTRO, PETER, NG, PETER K. L. (2010): Revision of the family Euryplacidae Stimpson, 1871 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Goneplacoidea). Zootaxa 2375 (1): 1-130, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1
03F487A8396B421E7D8CFE2FF645FF64.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Western Atlantic from Florida and the West Indies. Depth: 159 – 476 m (Soto 1986). Genus Henicoplax n. gen.	en	CASTRO, PETER, NG, PETER K. L. (2010): Revision of the family Euryplacidae Stimpson, 1871 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Goneplacoidea). Zootaxa 2375 (1): 1-130, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1
03F487A8396B421E7D8CFE2FF645FF64.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Carapace (Figs. 21 A; 22 A; 23 A; 25 A; 26 A, C) hexagonal, transversely rectangular, wider than long, convex; anterolateral borders short, nearly straight; dorsal surface smooth without clear indication of regions, transverse depression (postorbital ridge; Fig. 25 A) below each orbit extending from anterolateral tooth, becoming progressively shallower before disappearing at level of eye (absent in H. trachydactylus n. sp.); front wide, straight, median notch absent or barely visible, truncate margin. One triangular, short anterolateral tooth posterior to much larger, triangular, anteriorly-oriented outer orbital tooth. Orbits long, longer or almost as long as front (e. g. Figs. 22 A, C; 23 A, C), sinuous, thin, entire (notches absent) supraorbital border; thin, weakly granular, entire (notches absent), sinuous suborbital border with broad median lobe; inner suborbital tooth absent (e. g. Figs. 21 E; 22 C; 23 C; 26 E). Eye peduncles long, more than half of frontal width, much longer than large, slightly elongated corneas (e. g. Figs. 21 A, 22 C, 23 C). Basal antennal article slightly mobile without disto-lateral process, orbital hiatus is closed excluding antennal flagellum from orbit (Figs. 22 C, 23 C). Anteroexternal margin of third maxilliped merus auriculiform or angular. Cheliped fingers moderately stout, very short granules on dorsal margin of dactylus, slightly longer than slender propodus, light coloured; setation varying from short, simple, setae on anterior margin of carpus, propodus to dense tomentum on dactylus, propodus, carpus, merus (H. eriochir n. sp.; Fig. 21 B). Dorsal margins of ambulatory legs (P 2 – P 5) meri, carpi, propodi unarmed, dactyli slender, smooth, setose; P 5 propodus long, subcylindrical, fringed with setae; dactylus, long, slender, fringed with setae (Fig. 27 A, B). Thoracic sternum (Figs. 21 D, F; 22 E; 23 D; 25 G; 26 F) wide; thoracic suture 2 / 3 complete, convex (Figs. 21 B; 23 B; 26 F); 3 / 4 deep, short, interrupted; 4 / 5, 6 / 7, 7 / 8 interrupted, 5 / 6 complete (Figs. 21 D, F; 23 D; 25 G; 26 F); median groove on thoracic sternites 7, 8. Sternoabdominal cavity of male deep, only reaching median portion of sternite 4, anterior extremity rounded (Figs. 21 D; 22 B; 25 B; 26 B). Press-button of male abdominal-locking mechanism as small tubercle near thoracic suture 4 / 5 (Fig. 21 D). Male abdomen narrow, slender, transversely narrow telson, lateral margins of somites 4 – 6 abruptly narrowing from somite 3 to narrow telson (Figs. 21 C; 22 D; 25 B); somite 3 reaching inner margins of P 5 coxae (Figs. 21 C; 22 D; 25 C, D), sometimes locking under thoracic sternite 7 (Fig. 25 D), no portion or small portion (Figs. 22 D; 25 D) on each side of thoracic sternite 8 left exposed by closed abdomen, somite 2 transversely almost as long as somite 3 (except H. eriochir n. sp., where somite 2 transversely shorter than somite 3 leaving large portion on each side of thoracic sternite 8 left exposed by closed abdomen; Fig. 21 C). G 1 long, slender, slightly sinuous (Fig. 22 E), acuminate apex (transversely cut in H. nitida and H. pilimeles n. sp. [Fig. 24 G – J], slightly transverse in H. maldivensis [Fig. 24 D, E]), with relatively few, small denticles (Figs. 24 A, B, D, E, G – J; 27 C, D); G 2 less than one-third of G 1, straight, apex with 2 unequal processes: one long, tip obtuse or acute; second much shorter, tip obtuse or acute (Figs. 24 C, F, K; 27 E). Male genital opening (gonopore) coxal; coxo-sternal disposition of long penis, protected by concave posterior portion of thoracic sternite 7 (Figs. 21 D; 22 E; 25 E). Vulva small, ovoid, slightly elongated, extending transversely across anterior portion of sternite 6 close to median axis of thorax, sternal vulvar cover absent (Figs. 21 F; 23 D; 25 G; 26 F).	en	CASTRO, PETER, NG, PETER K. L. (2010): Revision of the family Euryplacidae Stimpson, 1871 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Goneplacoidea). Zootaxa 2375 (1): 1-130, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1
03F487A8396B421E7D8CFE2FF645FF64.taxon	type_taxon	Type species. Heteroplax nitida Miers, 1879 (by present designation, gender feminine).	en	CASTRO, PETER, NG, PETER K. L. (2010): Revision of the family Euryplacidae Stimpson, 1871 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Goneplacoidea). Zootaxa 2375 (1): 1-130, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1
03F487A8396B421E7D8CFE2FF645FF64.taxon	etymology	Etymology. From henikos, Greek for “ single ”, in reference to the single anterolateral tooth diagnostic of the genus, and plax, Greek for “ plate ” or “ tablet ”, which is derived from the generic name Heteroplax to denote that the type species of the new genus was formerly included in Heteroplax sensu lato.	en	CASTRO, PETER, NG, PETER K. L. (2010): Revision of the family Euryplacidae Stimpson, 1871 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Goneplacoidea). Zootaxa 2375 (1): 1-130, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1
03F487A8396B421E7D8CFE2FF645FF64.taxon	discussion	Remarks. The revision of the genus Heteroplax Stimpson, 1858, with H. transversa as its type species, necessitates the assignment of several species that were long confused with H. transversa to other genera that do not share the same type of carapace and other characters of Heteroplax. One of these genera is Henicoplax n. gen., established here to receive Goneplax maldivensis Rathbun, 1902, and H. nitida Miers, 1879, plus three new species, all Indo-West Pacific in distribution. Diagnostic of the new genus is the presence on each side of the carapace of only one small and triangular anterolateral tooth (but not large and acute as in Frevillea or Nancyplax), which are similar in shape to the outer orbital teeth. Also unique is the conspicuous transverse depression, or postorbital ridge, found in four of its five species (H. eriochir n. sp., H. maldivensis, H. nitida, and H. pilimeles n. sp.; see Table 3) and that extends just below the orbits from each anterolateral tooth. In contrast to the ridge of Platyozius Borradaile, 1902 (Fig. 34 E), it does not extend along the entire width of the carapace (Fig. 25 A). Table 1 contrasts the new genus with other euryplacid genera. All five species of Henicoplax n. gen. are small in size and apparently restricted to soft sediments in relatively shallow water. A small ovigerous female from the Andaman Sea coast of Thailand that was examined (3.3 mm × 4.9 mm; Thai-Danish Expedition, stn. 1020 – 9, 09 ° 28 ’ N, 97 ° 57 ’ E, 42 m, 12.01.1966, ZMUC CRU- 10072) and identified as Heteroplax nitidas [sic] by Serène & Soh (1976: 23) may represent an undescribed sixth species of Henicoplax n. gen. A postorbital ridge was present but the anterolateral tooth was acute and the orbits and eye peduncles were proportionally shorter than in H. nitida or its congeners. Although we have not examined the specimen, the importance of the morphology of the G 1 for identifying members of this genus means that it is best to wait until males become available. Species included. Henicoplax eriochir n. sp. Henicoplax maldivensis (Rathbun, 1902) Henicoplax nitida (Miers, 1879) Henicoplax pilimeles n. sp. Henicoplax trachydactylus n. sp. The genus is restricted to the Indo-West Pacific region.	en	CASTRO, PETER, NG, PETER K. L. (2010): Revision of the family Euryplacidae Stimpson, 1871 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Goneplacoidea). Zootaxa 2375 (1): 1-130, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1
03F487A8396642187D8CFB23F1B2FBBF.taxon	description	(Figs. 21 A – F; 24 A – C)	en	CASTRO, PETER, NG, PETER K. L. (2010): Revision of the family Euryplacidae Stimpson, 1871 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Goneplacoidea). Zootaxa 2375 (1): 1-130, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1
03F487A8396642187D8CFB23F1B2FBBF.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Male holotype, 5.2 mm × 8.8 mm (MNHN-B 12511; Figs. 21 A – D, 24 A – C), 1 ovigerous female paratype, 5.4 mm × 8.9 mm (MNHN-B 12511; Fig. 21 E, F), 1 female paratype, 4.2 mm × 7.1 mm (MNHN-B 12511). Type locality. Persian Gulf, unknown location. Material examined. Persian Gulf. No data: male holotype, 5.2 mm × 8.8 mm, 1 ovigerous female paratype, 5.4 mm × 8.9 mm, 1 female paratype, 4.2 mm × 7.1 mm (MNHN-B 12511).	en	CASTRO, PETER, NG, PETER K. L. (2010): Revision of the family Euryplacidae Stimpson, 1871 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Goneplacoidea). Zootaxa 2375 (1): 1-130, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1
03F487A8396642187D8CFB23F1B2FBBF.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Chelipeds with conspicuous tomentum (Fig. 21 A, B). Somite 2 of male abdomen shorter than somite 3, with relatively large portion of thoracic sternite left exposed by closed abdomen (Fig. 21 C). G 1 with acuminate apex (Fig. 24 A, B) (see also Table 3).	en	CASTRO, PETER, NG, PETER K. L. (2010): Revision of the family Euryplacidae Stimpson, 1871 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Goneplacoidea). Zootaxa 2375 (1): 1-130, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1
03F487A8396642187D8CFB23F1B2FBBF.taxon	description	Description. Carapace (Fig. 21 A) hexagonal, transversely elongated, wider than long (1.7 wider than long in male holotype), anterolateral borders nearly straight, dorsal surface without clear indication of regions; front wide, lacking median notch. Transverse depression (postorbital ridge) below each orbit extending from anterolateral tooth, becoming progressively shallower before disappearing at the level of distal portion of eye peduncle. One short, triangular, obtuse anterolateral tooth posterior to triangular, anteriorly oriented outer orbital tooth; plumose setae along posterolateral borders. Orbits long (Fig. 21 A, B, E), longer than front (1.2 frontal width); slightly sinuous, thin supraorbital border lacking notches (Fig. 21 A); suborbital border sinuous, with broad median lobe, inner suborbital tooth absent (Fig. 21 B, E); eye peduncles long (0.6 frontal width), much longer than corneas (1.8 times cornea length in paratype); large, spherical corneas. Basal antennal article slightly mobile, orbital hiatus closed excluding antennal flagellum from orbit. Posterior margin of epistome lobular; lateral lobes large, with straight margins, separated from median portion by deep fissure; median portion with 2 broadly rectangular lobes separated by shallow cleft. Anterior margin of endostome well demarcated from buccal cavern, endostomial ridges low. Pterygostomian region smooth. Third maxillipeds (Fig. 21 B, E) completely closing buccal cavern; ischium rectangular with deep submedian line; merus relatively square in shape, anteroexternal margin of merus auriculiform; exopod long, reaching to just before anterior edge of merus with long flagellum. Cheliped fingers moderately slender, slightly curved in male holotype (Fig. 21 A, B), slightly longer than swollen propodus, dorsal margin of dactylus with microscopic tubercles, distal portion light in colour. Dense tomentum of long, plumose setae along proximal third to half of lower (ventral) margin of dactylus (Fig. 21 A, B); smaller clump of tomentum on distal end of propodus immediately below dactylus; dense tomentum on inner margin of carpus, distal, inner margin of merus. Inner (dorsal) margin of carpus with small triangular tooth. Dorsal, ventral margins of ambulatory legs (P 2 – P 5) smooth, with long, sparse simple setae; dactyli long, slender; P 5 merus proportionally short, ventral margin slightly curved, distal end does not reach anterolateral tooth when folded against carapace; P 5 propodus (1.8 mm long, 0.9 mm wide in largest female paratype), proportionally stout, subcylindrical, inner margin fringed with long, plumose setae; outer margin with scattered long, simple setae; P 5 dactylus proportionally slender (1.8 mm long, 0.3 mm maximum in largest female paratype), inner margin fringed with scattered long, simple plus plumose setae. Thoracic sternum (Fig. 21 D, F) wide, thoracic suture 2 / 3 complete, convex; 3 / 4 deep, short, interrupted; 4 / 5, 6 / 7, 7 / 8 interrupted, 5 / 6 complete; median groove on thoracic sternites 7, 8. Sterno-abdominal cavity of male deep, nearly reaching anterior margin of sternite 4, anterior extremity rounded (Fig. 21 B, D). Press-button of male abdominal-locking mechanism as very small tubercle near thoracic suture 4 / 5 (Fig. 21 D). Male abdomen narrow, slender, transversely narrow (T-shaped), lateral margins of somites 4 – 6 abruptly narrowing from somite 3 to narrow, pointed telson (Fig. 21 B, C); somite 3 reaching inner margins of P 5 coxae, large portion on each side of thoracic sternite 8 left exposed by closed abdomen (Fig. 21 C), somite 2 transversely much shorter than somite 3. G 1 (Fig. 24 A, B) long, slender, sinuous, acuminate apex, with relatively few, small denticles; G 2 (Fig. 24 C) less than one-third of G 1, straight, apex with 2 processes: one long, tip obtuse; second much shorter, tip obtuse. Male genital opening (gonopore) coxal; coxo-sternal disposition of long penis, protected by concave posterior portion of thoracic sternite 7 (Fig. 21 D). Vulva (Fig. 21 F) ovoid, extending across anterior portion of sternite 6 close to median axis of thorax, sternal suture 6 / 7 deflected; covered by soft membrane, sternal vulvar cover absent. Colour pattern. Unknown.	en	CASTRO, PETER, NG, PETER K. L. (2010): Revision of the family Euryplacidae Stimpson, 1871 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Goneplacoidea). Zootaxa 2375 (1): 1-130, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1
03F487A8396642187D8CFB23F1B2FBBF.taxon	etymology	Etymology. From erios or erion, Greek for “ wool ”, and cheir, Greek for “ hand ”, as a noun in apposition, in reference to the tomentum of plumose setae on the anterior margins of the cheliped propodus and merus.	en	CASTRO, PETER, NG, PETER K. L. (2010): Revision of the family Euryplacidae Stimpson, 1871 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Goneplacoidea). Zootaxa 2375 (1): 1-130, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1
03F487A8396642187D8CFB23F1B2FBBF.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Henicoplax eriochir n. sp. is described as new for specimens collected from the Persian Gulf and deposited in the MNHN, and clearly different from H. nitida and its other congeners (Table 3). The second abdominal somite of the male holotype of the new species is much shorter than the third abdominal somite and thus a large portion on each side of thoracic sternite 8 is left exposed by the closed abdomen (Fig. 21 C). This is unique among three of its congeners, where the thoracic sternite 8 is covered by the closed abdomen because the second somite is only slightly shorter than the third (Table 3). In the remaining species, H. trachydactylus n. sp., the abdomen of the only male known is missing (see below). Most probably belonging to H. eriochir n. sp. are specimens that Stephensen (1946: 171) incorrectly identified as “ Goneplax maldivensis Rathbun, 1902 ”. His specimens, collected from soft sediments in relatively shallow water (13 – 23 m) from three locations in the Persian Gulf, were described as having a “ great tuft of setae on the inner side ” of the base of the fingers, a character neither observed in the holotype of Rathbun’s species (see above) nor mentioned in Rathbun’s description or figures (Rathbun 1902: 124, figs. 3, 4), but which is diagnostic of H. eriochir n. sp. Goneplax Leach, 1814, actually belongs in the Goneplacidae, and it was amended to receive four mostly Atlantic species (see Castro 2007: 176). The G 2 of one of Stephensen’s males was described as being a quarter of the G 1 length and a male abdomen that “ agrees excellently with Rathbun’s fig ”, which shows a narrow and slender abdomen. Stephensen’s specimens, although not examined, clearly belong to an undescribed species of Henicoplax n. gen. The record of “ Goneplax maldivensis ” from Indonesia (Tesch 1918: 183, pl. 9, fig. 1) does not belong to Henicoplax n. gen. (see remarks for H. maldivensis below), and the same probably applies to other specimens collected by T. Mortensen in Indonesia, identified as “ Goneplax maldivensis ” by T. Odhner and deposited at ZMUC (Stephensen 1946: 171).	en	CASTRO, PETER, NG, PETER K. L. (2010): Revision of the family Euryplacidae Stimpson, 1871 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Goneplacoidea). Zootaxa 2375 (1): 1-130, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1
03F487A8396642187D8CFB23F1B2FBBF.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Only known from the Persian Gulf. Depth: 13 – 23 m (Stephensen 1946).	en	CASTRO, PETER, NG, PETER K. L. (2010): Revision of the family Euryplacidae Stimpson, 1871 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Goneplacoidea). Zootaxa 2375 (1): 1-130, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1
03F487A83960421A7D8CFE5CF07FFE04.taxon	description	(Figs. 22 A – E; 24 D – F)	en	CASTRO, PETER, NG, PETER K. L. (2010): Revision of the family Euryplacidae Stimpson, 1871 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Goneplacoidea). Zootaxa 2375 (1): 1-130, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1
03F487A83960421A7D8CFE5CF07FFE04.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Male holotype, 4.8 mm × 7.4 mm (MCZ 6695) (Fig. 22 A – E). Type locality. Maldives, Gan I., Addu Atoll, 20 fathoms [37 m]. Material examined. Maldives. Gan I., Addu Atoll, A. Agassiz coll., 5.01.1902, 37 m: male holotype, 4.8 mm × 7.4 mm (MCZ 6695).	en	CASTRO, PETER, NG, PETER K. L. (2010): Revision of the family Euryplacidae Stimpson, 1871 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Goneplacoidea). Zootaxa 2375 (1): 1-130, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1
03F487A83960421A7D8CFE5CF07FFE04.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Chelipeds without tomentum. Apex of G 1 slightly transversely cut (Fig. 24 D, E) (see also Table 3).	en	CASTRO, PETER, NG, PETER K. L. (2010): Revision of the family Euryplacidae Stimpson, 1871 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Goneplacoidea). Zootaxa 2375 (1): 1-130, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1
03F487A83960421A7D8CFE5CF07FFE04.taxon	discussion	Remarks. The possible inclusion of Goneplax maldivensis Rathbun, 1902, in the Euryplacinae was first suggested by Guinot (1969 b: 511, 518), who later (Guinot 1971: 1081) included the species (as “? [Goneplax] maldivensis Rathbun, 1902 ”) in a list of goneplacid crabs under Autres Euryplacinae (attribution générique à préciser). Števčić (2005: 133) placed the species under Otmaroplax in a list of new genera incertae sedis, but it is a nomen nudum because no diagnosis was given (see Castro 2007: 178; Ng et al. 2008: 78, 79). Castro (2007: 686, 687) formally included the species among the Euryplacidae. Ng et al. (2008: 78, 79) recognised its placement as an independent genus in the Euryplacidae and referred to it as “ Heteroplax ” maldivensis. Henicoplax maldivensis is very close to H. nitida, and a comparison of the holotypes of both species shows only small differences. The outer orbital angle and the anterolateral teeth of the small male holotype of H. maldivensis (Fig. 22 A, B) are slightly more acute than those of the larger female holotype of H. nitida (6.1 mm × 9.3 mm; Fig. 23 A). Although it is possible that these differences are due to size and / or sex, the wide geographical distance separating both populations suggests that both species are distinct, even if the material currently available is scant. There are also some small differences in the size and distribution of the denticles in the G 1 of the two species (Fig. 24 D, E for H. maldivensis; Fig. 24 G, H for H. nitida) but these may be again due to differences in the size of the specimens. Material from the Persian Gulf identified by Stephensen (1946: 171) as “ Goneplax maldivensis ”, which only agreed in some respects with Rathbun’s figures and those by Tesch (1918: 183, pl. 9, fig. 1) belong instead to Henicoplax eriochir n. sp. (see above). Tesch’s (1918) Indonesian (Kai Is.) specimen is clearly not H. maldivensis, lacking a postorbital ridge and having much shorter eye peduncles and a wider male abdomen. The specimen is now destroyed but Tesch’s (1918) figures show that it belongs to a goneplacid close to Goneplacoides marivenae (Komatsu & Takeda, 2003) (see Castro 2007: 696). Colour pattern. Unknown.	en	CASTRO, PETER, NG, PETER K. L. (2010): Revision of the family Euryplacidae Stimpson, 1871 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Goneplacoidea). Zootaxa 2375 (1): 1-130, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1
03F487A83960421A7D8CFE5CF07FFE04.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Only known from the Maldives, Indian Ocean. Depth: shallow subtidal to at least 37 m.	en	CASTRO, PETER, NG, PETER K. L. (2010): Revision of the family Euryplacidae Stimpson, 1871 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Goneplacoidea). Zootaxa 2375 (1): 1-130, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1
03F487A8396242647D8CF803F169FC2F.taxon	description	(Figs. 23 A – D; 24 G, H)	en	CASTRO, PETER, NG, PETER K. L. (2010): Revision of the family Euryplacidae Stimpson, 1871 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Goneplacoidea). Zootaxa 2375 (1): 1-130, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1
03F487A8396242647D8CF803F169FC2F.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Female holotype, 6.1 mm × 9.3 mm (NHM 78.11) (Fig. 23). Type locality. Straits of Korea, 33 ° 40 ’ N, 182 ° 55 ’ E. Material examined. Japan. Manazuru, I. Gordon & T. Sakai coll., 1961: 1 female, 5.1 mm × 8.0 mm (NHM 1961.11.13.53). Straits of Korea. 33 ° 40 ’ N, 182 ° 55 ’ E: female holotype, 6.1 mm × 9.3 mm (NHM 78.11). Hong Kong. 1 male, 2.8 mm × 4.2 mm, 1 ovigerous female, 3.6 mm × 5.5 mm (ex. SWIMS CRU-XX- 064; ZRC 2008. 1358).	en	CASTRO, PETER, NG, PETER K. L. (2010): Revision of the family Euryplacidae Stimpson, 1871 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Goneplacoidea). Zootaxa 2375 (1): 1-130, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1
03F487A8396242647D8CF803F169FC2F.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Chelipeds with short setae along anterior margin of carpi. G 1 apex transversely cut (Fig. 24 G, H) (see also Table 3).	en	CASTRO, PETER, NG, PETER K. L. (2010): Revision of the family Euryplacidae Stimpson, 1871 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Goneplacoidea). Zootaxa 2375 (1): 1-130, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1
03F487A8396242647D8CF803F169FC2F.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Of its congeners, Henicoplax nitida is closest to H. maldivensis (Table 3), but both are treated here as separate species (see Remarks for H. maldivensis above). The G 1 of H. nitida is illustrated for the first time herein (Fig. 24 G, H). It belonged to a very small male where the G 2 was apparently not fully developed. It is nevertheless very similar to that of its congeners. The G 1 shown by Serène & Soh (1973: fig. 22 B, Bʹ, as Heteroplax nitidus) belongs to Henicoplax pilimeles n. sp. (see below). Serène & Lohavanijaya (1973: 75) inexplicably commented that Henicoplax nitida (as Heteroplax nitida) and Heteroplax nagaskiensis may be conspecific, although on the basis of the original descriptions, they are clearly different. In the present study, the two species are placed in separate genera. Colour pattern. The female holotype was described as “ whitish; brownish pink on front of carapace ” (Miers 1879: 39). A colour plate in Sakai (1976: pl. 191, fig. 1) shows scattered, purplish spots on the dorsal surface of the carapace, larger purple spots on the chelipeds, and ambulatory legs banded with purple spots.	en	CASTRO, PETER, NG, PETER K. L. (2010): Revision of the family Euryplacidae Stimpson, 1871 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Goneplacoidea). Zootaxa 2375 (1): 1-130, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1
03F487A8396242647D8CF803F169FC2F.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Western Pacific: Japan and Hong Kong. Depth: shallow subtidal.	en	CASTRO, PETER, NG, PETER K. L. (2010): Revision of the family Euryplacidae Stimpson, 1871 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Goneplacoidea). Zootaxa 2375 (1): 1-130, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1
03F487A8391C42677D8CF9FCF1FFFF4F.taxon	description	(Figs. 24 I – K; 25 A – G; 27 A, B)	en	CASTRO, PETER, NG, PETER K. L. (2010): Revision of the family Euryplacidae Stimpson, 1871 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Goneplacoidea). Zootaxa 2375 (1): 1-130, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1
03F487A8391C42677D8CF9FCF1FFFF4F.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Male holotype, 4.2 mm × 6.8 mm (Figs. 24 I – K; 25 A – E); 1 female paratype, 4.1 mm × 6.7 mm (ZRC 1984.7739 – 7740) (Fig. 25 F, G); 1 male paratype, 3.9 mm × 5.8 mm (ZMUC CRU- 9965); 1 female paratype, 3.8 mm × 5.7 mm (ZMUC CRU- 10068); 1 male paratype, 4.3 mm × 6.3 mm (NHM 1988.34). Type locality. Thailand, Andaman Sea coast, west coast of Phuket I. Material examined. Myanmar [= Burma]. Gulf of Martaban, E. W. Bates coll.: 1 male paratype, 4.3 mm × 6.3 mm (NHM 1988.34). Thailand. Andaman Sea, Thai-Danish Expedition: stn. 1008 – 5, 08 ° 43 ’ N, 98 ° 11 ’ E, 20 m, 08.01.1966: 1 male (ZMUC CRU- 9963). – Stn. 1010 – 7, 08 ° 45 ’ N, 98 ° 07 ’ E, 29 m, 09.01.1966: 1 male, 3.3 mm × 4.9 mm (ZMUC CRU- 9964). – Stn. 1018 – 2, 09 ° 27 ’ N, 98 ° 016 ’ E, 15 m, 12.01.1966: 1 female, 3.8 mm × 5.7 mm (ZMUC CRU- 10068). – Stn. 1018 – 9, 09 ° 27 ’ N, 98 ° 16 ’ E, 15 m, 12.01.1966: 1 male (ZMUC CRU- 10067). – Stn. 1019 – 7, 09 ° 28 ’ N, 98 ° 07 ’ E, 21 m, 12.01.1966: 1 male (ZMUC CRU- 10071). – Stn. 1019 – 1, 09 ° 28.2 ’ N, 98 ° 07.2 ’ E, 21 m, 12.01.1966: 1 male paratype, 3.6 mm × 5.4 mm (ZMUC CRU- 10069). – Stn. 1019 – 4, 09 ° 28 ’ N, 98 ° 07 ’ E, 20 m, 12.01.1966: 1 male, 1 male parasitized by sacculinid, 1 female parasitized by sacculinid (ZMUC CRU- 10070). – Stn. 1179, 08 ° 08 ’ 24 ” N, 98 ° 16 ’ 48 ” E, sandy mud, 18 m, 09.03.1966: 1 male paratype, 3.9 mm × 5.8 mm (ZMUC CRU- 9965). Phuket I., west coast, off Airport Beach, 20 m, muddy sand, B. Chatananthawaj coll., 07.04.1981: male holotype, 4.2 mm × 6.8 mm, 1 female paratype, 4.1 mm × 6.7 mm (ZRC 1984.7739 – 7740).	en	CASTRO, PETER, NG, PETER K. L. (2010): Revision of the family Euryplacidae Stimpson, 1871 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Goneplacoidea). Zootaxa 2375 (1): 1-130, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1
03F487A8391C42677D8CF9FCF1FFFF4F.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Inner margins of cheliped carpi with simple setae. G 1 apex transversely cut (Fig. 24 I, J) (see Table 3).	en	CASTRO, PETER, NG, PETER K. L. (2010): Revision of the family Euryplacidae Stimpson, 1871 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Goneplacoidea). Zootaxa 2375 (1): 1-130, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1
03F487A8391C42677D8CF9FCF1FFFF4F.taxon	description	Description. Carapace (Fig. 25 A; Serène & Soh 1976: fig. 22 C, as Heteroplax nitidus) hexagonal, transversely elongated, wider than long (1.6 wider than long in male holotype), anterolateral borders nearly straight, dorsal surface without clear indication of regions; front wide, lacking median notch. Transverse depression (postorbital ridge) below each orbit extending from anterolateral tooth, becoming progressively shallower before disappearing at the level of distal portion of each eye peduncle (Fig. 25 A). One short, triangular, obtuse anterolateral tooth posterior to triangular, anteriorly oriented outer orbital tooth. Orbits long (Fig. 25 A, B, F), almost as long as front (0.9 frontal width); slightly sinuous, thin supraorbital border lacking notches; suborbital border sinuous, with broad median lobe, inner suborbital tooth absent (Fig. 25 B, F); eye peduncles long (0.6 frontal width), much longer than corneas (1.8 times cornea length in paratype); large, spherical corneas. Basal antennal article slightly mobile, orbital hiatus closed excluding antennal flagellum from orbit. Posterior margin of epistome lobular; lateral lobes large, with straight margins, separated from median portion by deep fissure; median portion with 2 broadly rectangular lobes separated by shallow cleft. Anterior margin of endostome well demarcated from buccal cavern, endostomial ridges low. Pterygostomian region smooth. Third maxillipeds (Fig. 25 B, F; Serène & Soh 1976: fig. 22 E, as H. nitidus) completely closing buccal cavern; ischium rectangular with deep submedian line; merus relatively square in shape, anteroexternal angle angular, rounded; exopod long, reaching to just before anterior edge of merus with long flagellum. Cheliped fingers moderately slender, slightly longer than swollen propodus, dorsal margin of dactylus with microscopic tubercles, distal portion light in colour. Inner margin of carpus with small triangular tooth plus sparse, long, simple setae. Dorsal, ventral margins of ambulatory legs (P 2 – P 5) smooth, with long, sparse simple setae; dactyli long, slender; P 5 (Fig. 27 A, B; Serène & Soh 1976: fig. 22 D, as H. nitidus) merus proportionally short, ventral margin slightly curved, distal end does not reach anterolateral tooth when folded against carapace; P 5 propodus (1.6 mm long, 0.8 mm wide in one of 3 detached P 5 from type material), proportionally stout, subcylindrical, inner margin fringed with many long, plumose setae; outer margin with scattered long, plumose setae; P 5 dactylus proportionally slender (1.8 mm long, 0.3 mm maximum width in holotype), inner margin fringed with many long, plumose setae. Thoracic sternum (Fig. 25 G) wide, thoracic suture 2 / 3 complete, convex; 3 / 4 deep, short, interrupted; 4 / 5, 6 / 7, 7 / 8 interrupted, 5 / 6 complete; median groove on thoracic sternites 7, 8. Sterno-abdominal cavity of male deep, nearly reaching anterior margin of sternite 4, anterior extremity rounded (Fig. 25 B). Press-button of male abdominal-locking mechanism as very small tubercle near thoracic suture 4 / 5. Male abdomen narrow, slender, transversely narrow (T-shaped), lateral margins of somites 4 – 6 abruptly narrowing from somite 3 to narrow, pointed telson (Fig. 25 B; Serène & Soh 1976: fig. 22 A, as H. nitidus); somite 3 reaching inner margins of P 5 coxae (Fig. 25 C), anterior tip of outer margin of somite 3 locking under outer posterior edge of thoracic sternite 7 (Fig. 25 D), only small portion of thoracic sternite 8 left exposed on each side by closed abdomen, somite 2 transversely shorter than somite 3. G 1 (Fig. 24 I, J; Serène & Soh 1976: fig. 22 B, Bʹ, as H. nitidus) long, slender, slightly sinuous, transversely cut apex, with relatively few, small denticles; G 2 (Fig. 24 K) less than one-third of G 1, straight, apex with 2 processes: one long, tip acute; second much shorter, tip obtuse. Male genital opening (gonopore) coxal; coxo-sternal disposition of long penis, protected by concave posterior portion of thoracic sternite 7 (Fig. 25 E). Vulva (Fig. 25 G) ovoid, extending across anterior portion of sternite 6 close to median axis of thorax, sternal suture 6 / 7 deflected; covered by soft membrane, sternal vulvar cover absent. Colour pattern. Unknown.	en	CASTRO, PETER, NG, PETER K. L. (2010): Revision of the family Euryplacidae Stimpson, 1871 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Goneplacoidea). Zootaxa 2375 (1): 1-130, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1
03F487A8391C42677D8CF9FCF1FFFF4F.taxon	etymology	Etymology. From pilos, Greek for “ hairy ”, and melos, Greek for “ limb ”, as a noun in apposition, in reference to the many long, plumose setae on the inner margin of the P 5 propodus and dactylus that is diagnostic of the new species.	en	CASTRO, PETER, NG, PETER K. L. (2010): Revision of the family Euryplacidae Stimpson, 1871 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Goneplacoidea). Zootaxa 2375 (1): 1-130, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1
03F487A8391C42677D8CF9FCF1FFFF4F.taxon	discussion	Remarks. The new species is described from material collected by the 1966 Thai Danish Expedition to the Andaman Sea, which was reported by Serène & Lohavanijaya (1973: 74) and Serène & Soh (1976: 23) as belonging to Heteroplax nitida Miers, 1879 (= Henicoplax nitida), plus additional material collected from the same region. Although closely related to H. nitida, the inner margins of the P 5 propodus and dactylus are bordered by many long, plumose setae (Fig. 27 A, B; Serène & Soh 1976: fig. 22 D, as H. nitidus), a character that separates the new species from H. nitida and its four congeners, where the long setae are absent (Table 3). It can also be differentiated by the transversely cut apex of its G 1 (Fig. 24 I, J), which is acuminate in its congeners except in H. nitida (Fig. 24 G, H) and H. maldivensis (Fig. 24 D, E). The G 1 of H. pilimeles n. sp., although having a transversely cut apex as in H. nitida, can be differentiated from the latter by a different distribution of spinules on the distal portion of the G 1. Differences observed in the material on hand may be due to differences in size. The distribution of spinules on the G 1 of H. pilimeles n. sp. illustrated by Serène & Soh (1976: fig. 22 B, Bʹ, as H. nitidus), however, does resemble more than that of the H. nitida drawn here. The transversely cut apex of both species is not very distinct in Serène & Soh’s (1976) figure.	en	CASTRO, PETER, NG, PETER K. L. (2010): Revision of the family Euryplacidae Stimpson, 1871 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Goneplacoidea). Zootaxa 2375 (1): 1-130, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1
03F487A8391C42677D8CF9FCF1FFFF4F.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Andaman Sea coasts of Myanmar [= Burma] and Thailand. Depth: 15 – 29 m.	en	CASTRO, PETER, NG, PETER K. L. (2010): Revision of the family Euryplacidae Stimpson, 1871 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Goneplacoidea). Zootaxa 2375 (1): 1-130, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1
03F487A8391F426C7D8CFB43F4C5FC29.taxon	description	(Figs. 26 A – F; 27 C – F)	en	CASTRO, PETER, NG, PETER K. L. (2010): Revision of the family Euryplacidae Stimpson, 1871 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Goneplacoidea). Zootaxa 2375 (1): 1-130, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1
03F487A8391F426C7D8CFB43F4C5FC29.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Male holotype, 3.4 mm × 5.3 mm (MNHN-B 29236) (Figs. 26 A, B; 27 C – E); 1 female paratype, 4.4 mm × 7.2 mm (MNHN-B 29236) (Fig. 26 C – F). Type locality. Madagascar, northeastern coast, Nosy Iranga I., 25 m, sandy bottom. Material examined. Madagascar. Nosy Iranga I., 25 m, sand, R. Plante coll., 26.08.1965: male holotype, damaged, 3.4 mm × 5.3 mm, 1 female paratype, 4.4 mm × 7.2 mm (MNHN-B 29236).	en	CASTRO, PETER, NG, PETER K. L. (2010): Revision of the family Euryplacidae Stimpson, 1871 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Goneplacoidea). Zootaxa 2375 (1): 1-130, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1
03F487A8391F426C7D8CFB43F4C5FC29.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Postorbital ridge of carapace absent. Chelipeds without tomentum. Cheliped dactyli granular (Fig. 27 F). G 1 with acuminate apex (Fig. 27 C, D) (see also Table 3).	en	CASTRO, PETER, NG, PETER K. L. (2010): Revision of the family Euryplacidae Stimpson, 1871 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Goneplacoidea). Zootaxa 2375 (1): 1-130, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1
03F487A8391F426C7D8CFB43F4C5FC29.taxon	description	Description. Carapace (Fig. 26 A, C) hexagonal, transversely elongated, wider than long (1.6 wider than long in male holotype), anterolateral borders nearly straight, dorsal surface without clear indication of regions; front wide, lacking median notch. Transverse depression below orbits absent. One short, triangular, obtuse (apex of right tooth acute in male holotype) anterolateral tooth posterior to triangular, anteriorly oriented outer orbital tooth. Orbits long (Fig. 26 A, C, E), slightly longer than front (1.1 frontal width); slightly sinuous, thin supraorbital border lacking notches; suborbital border (Fig. 26 E) sinuous, with broad median lobe, inner suborbital tooth absent. Eye peduncles long (0.6 frontal width), much longer than corneas (1.8 times cornea length in paratype); large, spherical corneas (Fig. 26 E). Basal antennal article slightly mobile, orbital hiatus is closed excluding antennal flagellum from orbit. Posterior margin of epistome lobular; lateral lobes large, with straight margins, separated from median portion by deep fissure; median portion with 2 broadly rectangular lobes separated by cleft. Anterior margin of endostome well demarcated from buccal cavern, endostomial ridges low. Pterygostomian region smooth. Third maxillipeds completely closing buccal cavern; ischium rectangular with deep submedian line; merus relatively square in shape, anteroexternal part angular, rounded; exopod long, reaching to just before anterior edge of merus with long flagellum. Cheliped fingers moderately slender, slightly longer than swollen propodus, dorsal margin of dactylus with short, rounded tubercles (very low tubercles on outer margin of propodus, carpus) (Fig. 27 F), distal portion light in colour. Inner (dorsal) margin of carpus with small triangular tooth plus sparse, long, simple setae. Dorsal, ventral margins of ambulatory legs (P 2 – P 5) smooth, with long, sparse simple setae; dactyli long, slen- der; P 5 merus long, moderately slender, ventral margin slightly curved, distal end does not reach anterolateral tooth when folded against carapace; P 5 propodus (1.1 mm long, 0.6 mm wide in holotype), proportionally stout, subcylindrical, inner margin fringed with short, simple setae, outer margin with scattered long, simple setae; P 5 dactylus (Fig. 26 A – D) proportionally slender (1.2 mm long, 0.2 mm maximum width in holotype), subcylindrical, fringed with scattered simple setae. Thoracic sternum (Fig. 26 F) wide, thoracic suture 2 / 3 complete, convex; 3 / 4 deep, short, interrupted; 4 / 5, 6 / 7, 7 / 8 interrupted, 5 / 6 complete; median groove on thoracic sternites 7, 8. Sterno-abdominal cavity of male (Fig. 26 B) deep, nearly reaching anterior margin of sternite 4, anterior extremity rounded. Press-button of male abdominal-locking mechanism not visible in holotype. Male abdomen missing in holotype. G 1 (Fig. 27 C, D) long, slender, slightly sinuous, acuminate apex, with relatively few, small denticles; G 2 (Fig. 27 E) less than one-third of G 1, straight, apex with 2 processes: one long, tip acute; second much shorter, tip obtuse. Male genital opening (gonopore) coxal; coxo-sternal disposition of long penis, protected by concave posterior portion of thoracic sternite 7. Vulva (Fig. 26 F) ovoid, extending across anterior portion of sternite 6 close to median axis of thorax, sternal suture 6 / 7 deflected; covered by soft membrane, sternal vulvar cover absent. Colour pattern. Unknown.	en	CASTRO, PETER, NG, PETER K. L. (2010): Revision of the family Euryplacidae Stimpson, 1871 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Goneplacoidea). Zootaxa 2375 (1): 1-130, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1
03F487A8391F426C7D8CFB43F4C5FC29.taxon	etymology	Etymology. From trachys, Greek for “ rough ”, and dactylus, Greek for “ finger ”, as a noun in apposition, in reference to the granules on the dorsal surface of the cheliped dactyli that is characteristic of the new species.	en	CASTRO, PETER, NG, PETER K. L. (2010): Revision of the family Euryplacidae Stimpson, 1871 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Goneplacoidea). Zootaxa 2375 (1): 1-130, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1
03F487A8391F426C7D8CFB43F4C5FC29.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Two specimens from the northwestern coast of Madagascar, which included the damaged holotype male, are morphologically distinct from all known species of Henicoplax. n. gen. Henicoplax trachydactylus n. sp. can be distinguished from its four congeners by the presence of small tubercles on the outer surface of the cheliped dactylus, short granules on the cheliped propodus and merus (Fig. 27 F), and the absence of postorbital ridges on the carapace (Table 3).	en	CASTRO, PETER, NG, PETER K. L. (2010): Revision of the family Euryplacidae Stimpson, 1871 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Goneplacoidea). Zootaxa 2375 (1): 1-130, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1
03F487A8391F426C7D8CFB43F4C5FC29.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Only known from Madagascar. Depth: 25 m. Genus Heteroplax Stimpson, 1858	en	CASTRO, PETER, NG, PETER K. L. (2010): Revision of the family Euryplacidae Stimpson, 1871 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Goneplacoidea). Zootaxa 2375 (1): 1-130, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1
03F487A8391F426C7D8CFB43F4C5FC29.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Carapace (Fig. 28 A) transversely elongated, much wider than long (1.5 – 1.6 times wider); dorsal surface smooth without clear indication of regions, continuous elevation following sinuous orbital margin from each second anterolateral tooth to just below inner limit of orbits; anterolateral borders straight, nearly parallel to each other; front wide, nearly straight with long, shallow median notch (barely visible in some individuals). Three teeth posterior to triangular, anteriorly oriented outer orbital tooth: first short, obtuse, barely visible in larger individuals; second large, triangular, with anteriorly oriented, acute tip; third short, obtuse, triangular, continuing on anterolateral border as short, shallow sulcus. Orbits long (Fig. 28 A – C), longer than front, small notch on inner third portion of thin supraorbital border; short, triangular median lobe, inner suborbital tooth absent on thin suborbital border (Fig. 28 B, C); eye peduncles long, almost as long as front; large, spherical corneas. Basal antennal article mobile, fills orbital hiatus excluding antennal flagellum from orbit (Fig. 28 B). Anteroexternal margin of third maxilliped merus angular. Cheliped fingers moderately stout (Fig. 28 F), slightly longer than swollen propodus, light in colour; carpus with tooth on inner margin; long simple, plumose setae along anterior margin of carpus. Dorsal margins of ambulatory legs (P 2 – P 5) meri, carpi, propodi unarmed, dactyli slender, smooth, setose; P 5 propodus, dactylus long, slender, subcylindrical, smooth surface, fringed with scattered, long setae. Thoracic sternum (Fig. 28 D) wide; thoracic suture 2 / 3 complete, convex, close to anterior margin of sternum (Fig. 28 C); 3 / 4 deep, short, interrupted; 4 / 5, 6 / 7, 7 / 8 interrupted, 5 / 6 complete; median groove on thoracic sternites 7, 8. Sterno-abdominal cavity of male deep, nearly reaching anterior margin of sternite 4 (Fig. 28 C, D). Press-button of male abdominal-locking mechanism as large tubercle near thoracic suture 4 / 5 (small tubercle present in pre-adult females). Male abdomen narrow, slender (Tshaped), lateral margins of somites 4 – 6 abruptly narrowing from somite 3 to narrow telson (Fig. 28 D); somite 3 reaching inner margins of P 5 coxae; small portion on each side of thoracic sternite 8 left exposed by closed abdomen even if somite 2 transversely almost as long as somite 3 (Fig. 28 E). G 1 long, slender, sinuous, acuminate apex, with relatively large denticles (Fig. 27 G, H); G 2 less than one-third of G 1, straight, apex with 2 unequal processes (Fig. 27 I). Male genital opening (gonopore) coxal; coxo-sternal disposition of long penis, protected by concave posterior portion of thoracic sternite 7. Vulva slightly transversely elongated, across anterior portion of sternite 6 close to deflected suture 5 / 6; margin thick, with small, triangular lip on posterior portion; covered by soft membrane, sternal vulvar cover absent.	en	CASTRO, PETER, NG, PETER K. L. (2010): Revision of the family Euryplacidae Stimpson, 1871 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Goneplacoidea). Zootaxa 2375 (1): 1-130, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1
03F487A8391F426C7D8CFB43F4C5FC29.taxon	type_taxon	Type species. Heteroplax transversa Stimpson, 1858. Subsequent designation by Guinot (1969 b: 511), not H. dentatus determined by Stimpson (1858, 1907) as stated by Serène & Lohavanijaya (1973: 73); gender feminine (see Ng et al. 2008: 79, note 3).	en	CASTRO, PETER, NG, PETER K. L. (2010): Revision of the family Euryplacidae Stimpson, 1871 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Goneplacoidea). Zootaxa 2375 (1): 1-130, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1
03F487A8391F426C7D8CFB43F4C5FC29.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Serène & Lohavanijaya (1973: 71) and Ng et al. (2008: 78) discussed the status of Heteroplax. Stimpson (1858: 94 (40); 1907: 94) described the genus as “ allied ” to Goneplax “ in the shape of the carapax [broadly transverse] and the form of the orbits [long] ”. Two new species from or near Hong Kong, H. dentata and H. transversa, were included, even if the carapace of H. dentata was correctly described as “ narrow ”. Stimpson’s species were not figured and his material is unfortunately no longer extant. Two new species were subsequently added, H. nitida Miers, 1879, from Korea, and H. nagasakiensis Sakai, 1934, from Japan. Miers (1879: 39) had doubts about the inclusion of his new species, H. nitida, in Heteroplax because of Stimpson’s (1858) description of the genus having a “ basal antennal joint [that] is longer and occupies the orbital hiatus ”. The second article of Miers’ specimen was described as “ small, occupying the hiatus between the inner angle of the orbit and the frontal margin ”. Actually, both the first and second articles fill the gap in the specimens of H. nitida examined, including the holotype. In any case, H. nitida Miers does not belong in Heteroplax and is here referred to Henicoplax n. gen. Several authors (De Man 1888, Alcock 1900, Tesch 1918, Campbell 1969) eventually considered Heteroplax as a junior synonym of Eucrate whereas most (Balss 1922 a; Sakai 1934, 1939, 1976; Guinot 1969 b, 1971; Serène 1968, Serène & Lohavanijaya 1973, Serène & Soh 1976) kept them separate. Sakai (1934: 312) was nevertheless only “ inclined to retain ” the genus, but reiterated that the basal antennal article “ differs in shape from that of “ Eucrate ” form, so that the antennal flagellum is not completely shut out from the orbit as discussed by Balss [1922 a] ”. Guinot (1971: 1080) considered the genus as “ very close ” to Eucrate and a possible synonym (peut-être synonyme). The affinities between Stimpson’s Heteroplax dentata (placed herein in Trissoplax n. gen.) and Eucrate were in particular pointed out by several authors (see remarks for Henicoplax n. gen. below). Serène & Lohavanijaya (1973: 71) clarified the definition of Heteroplax, gave a key to its four species known at the time, and summarized the views of various authors, particularly regarding the relationship of the genus with Eucrate. For these authors (Serène & Lohavanijaya 1973: 71) the main differences between the two genera is that in Heteroplax: 1) the basal antennal article is mobile and does not fill and close the orbital hiatus (following Stimpson 1858, 1907; Alcock 1900; Sakai 1939) in contrast to being immobile, filling in the orbital hiatus in Eucrate, and 2) the carapace (“ closer to that of Goneplax ”) and orbits are broader and the eye peduncles are longer (the “ orbit breadth is as long or longer than the frontal breadth ”) than in Eucrate. Confusion about the differences in the basal antennal article may have arisen from different interpretations of the character. The article is immobile in adult Eucrate because of the presence of a disto-lateral process that clearly locks the article against the margin of the orbit. The process is absent in Heteroplax and so the article may be mobile, but the article does fill the orbital hiatus. Heteroplax is restricted here to Heteroplax transversa, its type species, on account of its wide carapace and moderately long orbits and eye peduncles (Fig. 28 A – C). Another species, Heteroplax nitida Miers, 1879, as well as a second species sometimes assigned to Heteroplax (Goneplax maldivensis Rathbun, 1902), both having longer orbits and eye peduncles than Heteroplax sensu stricto, only one anterolateral tooth on each side of the carapace, and a postorbital ridge, are assigned to Henicoplax n. gen. Heteroplax dentata Stimpson, 1858, is assigned to Trissoplax n. gen. because the carapace and orbits that are narrower that those in Heteroplax sensu stricto. Two “ Heteroplax ” species from Western Australia (Poore et al. 2008: 46) actually belong to species included in the Goneplacidae: Neogoneplax renoculis (Rathbun, 1914) and, shown in a colour photograph, Paragoneplax serenei (Zarenkov, 1972). Species included. Heteroplax transversa Stimpson, 1858 = Heteroplax nagasakiensis Sakai, 1934 The genus is restricted to the Indo-West Pacific region. Species excluded from Heteroplax Stimpson, 1858: Heteroplax dentata Stimpson, 1858 (in Trissoplax n. gen.) Heteroplax nitida Miers, 1879 (in Henicoplax n. gen.) Goneplax maldivensis Rathbun, 1902 [“ Heteroplax ” maldivensis (Rathbun, 1902) in Ng et al. 2008] (in Henicoplax n. gen.)	en	CASTRO, PETER, NG, PETER K. L. (2010): Revision of the family Euryplacidae Stimpson, 1871 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Goneplacoidea). Zootaxa 2375 (1): 1-130, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1
03F487A8391442687D8CF9E1F41BFBBF.taxon	description	(Figs. 27 G – I; 28 A – F)	en	CASTRO, PETER, NG, PETER K. L. (2010): Revision of the family Euryplacidae Stimpson, 1871 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Goneplacoidea). Zootaxa 2375 (1): 1-130, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1
03F487A8391442687D8CF9E1F41BFBBF.taxon	materials_examined	Type material of Heteroplax transversa Stimpson 1858, lost. Type locality. Hong Kong Harbour. Type material of Heteroplax nagasakiensis Sakai, 1974, 1 holotype male, 7.9 mm × 12.0 mm (KPM- NH 106474); type locality: Nagasaki, Japan. Material examined. Japan. Off Wakanoura Kishu [= Wakaura, Wakayama (?)], id. as Goneplax maldivensis by M. J. Rathbun: 1 female, 5.0 mm × 7.6 mm (USNM 45857). Seto Inland Sea. West of Yashiro I., 33 ° 53.80 ’ N, 137 ° 09 ’ E, 18 m, TRV Toyoshio-maru, cruise 1997 – 05, stn. 1, S. Ohtsuka coll., 10.07.2000: 1 male, 5.4 mm × 8.5 mm, 4 females, 3.8 mm × 6.2 mm, 3.9 mm × 6.7 mm, 4.5 mm × 6.6 mm, 5.6 mm × 9.0 mm (CBM-CZ 7310); East of Hashira-jima I., 34 ° 00 ’ N, 137 ° 27 ’ E, 36 m, TRV Toyoshio-maru, cruise 2000 – 10, stn. 2, T. Komai coll., 27.05.2005: 1 pre-adult female, 5.3 mm × 8.8, 3 females, 5.6 mm × 8.8 mm, 5.7 mm × 8.8 mm, 6.0 mm × 9.5 mm (CBM-CZ 5603). Kyushu. Nagasaki, I. Kaneko coll.: male holotype of Heteroplax nagasakiensis Sakai, 1974, 7.9 mm × 12.0 mm (KPM-NH 106474). Hong Kong: 1 male, 5.8 mm × 9.5 mm, 2 detached chelipeds of smaller specimen, 1 ovigerous female, 7.3 mm × 12.3 mm, leg SWIMS (ZRC 2008.1356); 2 ovigerous females, 6.5 mm × 10.4 mm, 6.4 mm × 10.4 mm, 3 pre-adult females, 4.4 mm × 6.7 mm, 3.2 mm × 4.8 mm, 2.5 mm × 4.0 mm, 1 pre-adult, 1.8 mm × 2.5 mm (SWIMS CRU-XX- 063). – Unknown location: 1 male, 1 ovigerous female, 1 pre-adult female, 4 pre-adults (SWIMS CRU-XX- 064). – Unknown location: 27.06.1988, P. Davie coll.: female, 5.7 mm × 9.1 mm (QM W 28381).	en	CASTRO, PETER, NG, PETER K. L. (2010): Revision of the family Euryplacidae Stimpson, 1871 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Goneplacoidea). Zootaxa 2375 (1): 1-130, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1
03F487A8391442687D8CF9E1F41BFBBF.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. First anterolateral tooth short, barely visible in larger individuals; second large, triangular, with anteriorly oriented, acute tip; third short, obtuse, triangular, continuing on anterolateral border as short sulcus (Fig. 28 A). Eye peduncles long, almost as long as front (Fig. 28 B, C).	en	CASTRO, PETER, NG, PETER K. L. (2010): Revision of the family Euryplacidae Stimpson, 1871 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Goneplacoidea). Zootaxa 2375 (1): 1-130, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1
03F487A8391442687D8CF9E1F41BFBBF.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Thirteen adult and pre-adult specimens collected from Hong Kong, the type locality of H. transversa, agree with Stimpson’s very short description (only three sentences devoted to morphology) of the species (Stimpson 1858: 94 (40); 1907: 95). The only difference is that the size of one of Stimpson’s male specimens was given as 0.26 mm × 0.38 inches (6.60 mm × 9.65 mm), a 1: 1.5 ratio. The average ratio of the seven Hong Kong male and female specimens examined (see material examined) is of 1: 1.6. It is assumed that Stimpson had more than one specimen available as he gives the carapace size “ in a male ”. Much as a neotype for this species is needed to help stabilise the taxonomy of the species and genus, the poor condition of the specimens on hand argue against taking such an action for the moment. Certainly a neotype should be selected for the species when better preserved specimens are collectd in the future. Some slight variations were observed among the Hong Kong specimens that were examined. The outer orbital teeth, which are typically triangular, may sometimes have a rounded anterior margin. The first anterolateral teeth, the largest and the most conspicuous of the two anterolateral teeth, always have an acute apex but their anterior margins may be straight or slightly convex. In a female specimen (6.5 mm × 10.4 mm, SWIMS CRU-XX- 063) the left tooth was straight and triangular in shape but the right tooth had a convex margin and thus crescent in shape. Conspicuous granules, mostly rounded but some acuminate, extended from the first anterolateral teeth along both sides of the carapace just below the long orbits. Some of the granules were located at the junction of the teeth with the carapace so that the proximal margin of the teeth appeared granular. Similar granules were found in the large male holotype of H. nagasakiensis Sakai, 1974, a junior synonym (see below). The carapace was otherwise smooth in most specimens, including that of the neotype. In the smallest pre-adults, and in contrast to adults, the outer orbital teeth ware longer than the first anterolateral teeth. A character not mentioned in Stimpson’s description is the presence of two short, obtuse tubercles on the outer margin of the cheliped merus. Also not mentioned is the presence of short, round tubercles across the anterior third of the carapace from the anterolateral teeth to the protogastric and branchial regions, a character found only in the largest females. The G 1 and G 2 are illustrated herein for the first time (Fig. 27 G – I). In addition to Stimpson’s specimen, Hong Kong material of H. transversa was also studied by Balss (1922: 137, fig. 2). Balss’ male specimen was not found in the Zoologische Staatssammlung, Munich, where many of the specimens studied by Balss were deposited. The specimen was most probably destroyed during World War II (R. Melzer, personal communication). Examination of the male holotype (7.9 mm × 12.0 mm, KPM-NH 106474) and the abundant available material of Heteroplax nagasakiensis Sakai, 1974, from Japan clearly shows that it is a junior synonym of H. transversa. The nine Japanese specimens (CBM-CZ 5603, 7310; Fig. 28) examined here, Sakai’s description of H. nagasakiensis (Sakai 1934: 312, fig. 21), Sakai’s subsequent treatments of the species (Sakai 1935, 1939, 1976), and the photograph given by Watanabe & Muraoka (1999: 43, fig. 2), all agree with the Hong Kong material of H. transversa as well as Stimpson’s description of the later. The G 1 of E. nagasakiensis (see Sakai 1974: fig. 283 b) is also identical to that of H. transversa (Fig. 27 G, H). Sakai (1934: 313) remarked that his new species resembled H. transversa “ in outer view ” but the carapace was considered to be broader in H. nagasakiensis. A Japanese specimen examined by Sakai (1976) measured 8 mm × 12.5 mm, a carapace length to carapace width ratio of 1: 1.6; the same as the ratio in the nine specimens examined here, which is identical to the ratio in H. transversa (see discussion of the species above) and close to the ratio of 1: 1.5 given by Balss (1922 a: fig. 2). One morphological difference, however, was the slightly more rounded telson of a Hong Kong male (5.8 mm × 9.5 mm; ZRC 2008.1356) and that of the only Japanese male (5.4 mm × 8.5 mm; CBM-CZ 7310) that was examined. The four Gulf of Thailand specimens identified by Rathbun (1910) as H. transversa were not available for examination. Heteroplax transversa is only known from Japan and Hong Kong thus far. Campbell (1969: 132) compared H. transversa to his new species, Eucrate haswelli, a junior synonym of Stimpson’s H. dentata, which is now being placed in Trissoplax n. gen. (see Remarks for Trissoplax dentata below). Campbell included both species in Eucrate, even when he agreed that the eye peduncles of his E. transversa were long. His comments, however, were based on Stimpson’s descriptions and not on the examination of specimens of H. transversa. The suggestion by Serène & Lohavanijaya (1973: 75) that H. nagaskiensis and H. nitida are conspecific is not correct, both species not even being congeneric. Colour pattern. Stimpson described the colours in life of his Hong Kong specimens as similar to those of H. dentata (= Trissoplax dentata, see below). Very little colour remained in the preserved specimens from Japan that were examined (CBM-CZ 5603, 7310). Most of the specimens showed a few small, irregular lightorange marking on the dorsal surface of the carapace, pereopods (particularly the ventral surface of the chelipeds), and on the proximal portion of the cheliped dactylus. Sakai’s colour plate (Sakai 1976: pl. 191, fig. 2) shows similar markings on the pereopods, except that the orange markings on the ambulatory legs are in the form of bands and most irregular markings on the dorsal surface of the carapace are not shown on the plate.	en	CASTRO, PETER, NG, PETER K. L. (2010): Revision of the family Euryplacidae Stimpson, 1871 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Goneplacoidea). Zootaxa 2375 (1): 1-130, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1
03F487A8391442687D8CF9E1F41BFBBF.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Japan and Hong Kong. Depth: 18 – 50 m. Genus Machaerus Leach, 1818	en	CASTRO, PETER, NG, PETER K. L. (2010): Revision of the family Euryplacidae Stimpson, 1871 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Goneplacoidea). Zootaxa 2375 (1): 1-130, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1
03F487A8391442687D8CF9E1F41BFBBF.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Carapace (Figs. 29 A, C; 30 A) hexagonal, slightly wider than long, dorsal surface smooth (except granules on hepatic region, shallow sulcus extending from each third anterolateral tooth), without clear indication of regions; anterolateral borders arched; front wide, straight, with small median notch. Three obtuse to acute anterolateral teeth posterior to triangular or rounded, obtuse, anteriorly oriented outer orbital tooth. Orbits moderately long (Figs. 29 A, C; 30 A – C), almost as long as or slightly longer than front; 2 notches (absent in M. atlanticus) on thin or thick supraorbital border; obtuse, salient suborbital tooth, sinuous suborbital border (Figs. 29 D; 30 B, C); eye peduncles moderately long, slightly longer than large, spherical corneas (Figs. 29 A; 30 B, C). Basal antennal article immobile closes orbital hiatus excluding antennal flagellum from orbit (Fig. 30 B, C; Monod 1956: figs. 445, 451). Anteroexternal margin of third maxilliped merus angular. Cheliped fingers moderately slender (Figs. 29 A, B; 30 D), shorter than propodus, light in colour; carpus with obtuse tooth on inner margin; dense tomentum (Fig. 30 D) on posterior margin of propodus and anterior margin of carpus (very short in M. atlanticus). Dorsal margins of ambulatory legs (P 2 – P 5) meri, carpi, propodi unarmed, dactyli slender, smooth, setose. P 5 propodus subcylindrical; dactylus long, slender, fringed with long setae. Thoracic sternum (Figs. 29 D; 30 F) wide; thoracic suture 2 / 3 complete, convex (Figs. 29 B, D; 30 C); 3 / 4 deep, short, interrupted; 4 / 5, 6 / 7, 7 / 8 interrupted, 5 / 6 complete (Fig. 29 D); median groove on thoracic sternites 7, 8. Sterno-abdominal cavity of male deep (Fig. 30 F), reaching anterior margin of sternite 4 (Figs. 29 B; 30 E). Male abdomen proportionally wide, triangular (not T-shaped), proportionally narrow telson (Fig. 30 E); somite 3 transversely longer than somites 4 – 6, reaching inner margins of P 5 coxae, episternite 7 (Figs. 30 G; 32 A, C); small portion on each side of thoracic sternite 8 left exposed by closed abdomen (Figs. 30 G; 32 A, C), somite 2 slightly transversely shorter (Figs. 30 G; 32 C) or nearly as long as somite 3 (Fig. 32 A). Press-button of male abdominal-locking mechanism as tubercle near thoracic suture 4 / 5 (small tubercle present in pre-adult females). G 1 long, slender, slightly sinuous, acuminate apex, with many small denticles (Figs. 30 F; 32 B, D, E); G 2 less than one-third of G 1, straight, apex with 2 unequal processes (Fig. 32 F). Male genital opening (gonopore) coxal (Figs. 30 F; 32 A, C); coxo-sternal disposition of long penis, protected by concave posterior portion of thoracic sternite 7, expanded episternite 7 (Fig. 30 F). Vulva ovoid (Fig. 29 D), extending across anterior third of sternite 6 close to median axis of thorax; covered by soft membrane, sternal vulvar cover absent.	en	CASTRO, PETER, NG, PETER K. L. (2010): Revision of the family Euryplacidae Stimpson, 1871 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Goneplacoidea). Zootaxa 2375 (1): 1-130, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1
03F487A8391442687D8CF9E1F41BFBBF.taxon	type_taxon	Type species. Pilumnoplax oxyacantha Monod, 1956 (subsequent designation by Manning & Holthuis 1981; gender masculine)	en	CASTRO, PETER, NG, PETER K. L. (2010): Revision of the family Euryplacidae Stimpson, 1871 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Goneplacoidea). Zootaxa 2375 (1): 1-130, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1
03F487A8391442687D8CF9E1F41BFBBF.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Monod (1956: 350) remarked on the similarities between Eucrate and both Pilumnoplax atlantica Miers, 1881, and his new species, P. oxyacantha. Guinot (1969 b: 517) included both species in the Euryplacinae but left their generic status unresolved (pour le moment … sans attribution générique). Manning & Holthuis (1981) revised the genus and confirmed its position in the Euryplacinae. They nevertheless concluded that the genus “ appears to show closest affinities with Neopilumnoplax Serène ” (Goneplacoidea, Mathildellidae) whereas at the same time noticing the “ much slenderer male abdomen ” and telson than the latter (Manning & Holthuis 1981: 162). Although the male abdomen of Machaerus is relatively less slender than in Eucrate and other Indo-West Pacific euryplacids, it is certainly not triangular as in the Atlantic and Eastern Pacific euryplacids, Nancyplax and Trizocarcinus (Fig. 1). Despite the shape of the male abdomen, all other diagnostic characters (most especially the long and deep sterno-abdominal cavity of the male and the long and slender G 1; Fig. 30 F) clearly show that Machaerus is a euryplacid. We should also comment on the status of what has been called “ Machaerus elata ” in the literature. Boone (1927: 7, fig. 1) referred a 6.0 mm × 9.0 mm male specimen from Isla de Pinos (= Isla de la Juventud) in Cuba to “ Pilumnoplax elata ”. It was clear that Boone was identifying it with a species from west Florida, which A. Milne-Edwards (1880 b: 18) had named Eucratoplax elata. Eucratoplax elata A. Milne-Edwards, 1880, is now regarded as a species of Panoplax Stimpson, 1871, and in the xanthoid family Panopeidae (see Guinot 1969 a: 264; 1971: 1080; Ng et al. 2008: 189). Guinot (1969 b: 512) noted that Boone’s (1927) “ Pilumnoplax elata ” was a problem, stating On peut se demander si la Pilumnoplax elata de Cuba figurée par BOONE (1925, pp. 7 – 9, fig. 1), qui ne correspond nullement à l’elata typique d’A. MILNE EDWARDS, 1880, n’est pas une Euryplax: en l’absence de figure de la face ventrale et de description des régions antennaire et abdominale, il est difficile d’avoir une certitude. Mais la forme de la carapace et surtout celle du front, où l’on devine très nettement la présence de larges lobes antéro-externes …, évoquent Euryplax et l’on pense plus particulièrement à E. polita qui, comme sur la figure de BOONE, a des dents antéro-latérales alignées et spiniformes, subégales. L’ « elata » de BOONE semble malgré tout un peu moins large que polita, laquelle offre une carapace très transverse, des dents marginales plus rapprochées; par ailleurs, il faut se rappeler que polita a été récoltée à Panama et que le Crabe de BOONE vient de Cuba ”. Guinot (1969 b: 515) added: Pilumnoplax elata de Cuba signalée par BOONE (1927, p. 7, fig. 1), qui ne correspond pas à l’ elata originale d’A. MILNE EDWARDS, 1880, ni à ce que RATHBUN (1918, p. 23, pl. 23) a désigné sous ce nom, n’est bien connue que par sa face dorsale et ses appendices. Ce pourrait être un Euryplacinae: la disposition du front suggère l’existence de larges lobes externes et d’une encoche supra-orbitaire (bien sûr, en supposant que le dessin soit exact). Pour cette espèce, au sujet de laquelle nous ne pouvons pas statuer, il faut de toute façon établir une appellation spécifique nouvelle et, lorsque les caractères fondamentaux seront connues, désigner le genre qui doit la recevoir. Guinot (1969 c: 714), again stated her earlier position and suggested that although similar to Trapezioplax tridentata (A. Milne-Edwards, 1880), P. elata was distinct and that it belongs to a genus other than Trapezioplax. The records of “ Pilumnoplax elata ” by Rathbun (1898: 281; 1918: 23, pl. 3 figs. 1, 2) from Florida were referred to two new genera and two new species, Robertsella mystica and Thalassoplax angusta, by Guinot (1969 c: 716, 717). The record of “ Eucratopsis elata? ” by A. Milne-Edwards & Bouvier (1923: 341, pl. 7, figs. 4, 5) remains uncertain. Unfortunately, some authors have regarded Boone’s name as a separate and valid taxon. This may have been partly due to Guinot (1971: 1081), who placed Boone’s (1927) name with three other valid species for which the generic relationships she was not sure at the time (under Autres Euryplacinae (attribution générique à préciser )): “? [Pilumnoplax] elata de Boone, 1927 (nec A. Milne Edwards) ”, “ [Pilumnoplax] atlantica Miers, 1881 ”, “ [Pilumnoplax] oxyacantha Monod, 1956 ”, and “? [Goneplax] maldivensis Rathbun, 1902 ”. Pilumnoplax atlantica and P. oxyacantha are now regarded as species of Machaerus, whereas G. maldivensis is being referred to a new genus, Henicoplax n. gen. (see above). Števčić (2005: 133) followed Guinot’s (1969 b: 512, 513, 515, 517; 1969 c: 714) observations that Boone’s (1927) “ Pilumnoplax elata ” was a problem but accepted it as a valid name (though incorrectly giving the year of Boone’s publication as 1925) and proposed a new genus, Henryalphonsia, for the species. Henryalphonsia Števčić, 2005, is a nomen nudum as no description or diagnosis was provided. The supposed type species, “ Pilumnoplax elata Boone, 1927 ”, is not a valid name as Boone (1927) had already made it clear because her identification was based on A. Milne- Edwards’ (1880) Eucratoplax elata. Ng et al. (2008: 78) also incorrectly treated it as a valid name when they listed it as an uncertain species of Machaerus. The figure provided in Boone (1927: fig. 1) is relatively detailed, and although the male abdomen was neither figured nor described, it in fact bears a close resemblance to what is currently identified as Trapezioplax tridentata (A. Milne-Edwards, 1880), as was been noted by Guinot (1969 b, c). We examined a photograph of Boone’s specimen (in the Peabody Museum of Natural History, Yale University, catalogue number YPM 42682) and we agree that it is probably T. tridentata or a taxon close to it. Trapezioplax is currently placed in the xanthoid family Pseudorhombilidae, and we tentatively refer Boone’s (1927) “ Pilumnoplax elata ” to the synonymy of Trapezioplax tridentata. Species included. Machaerus atlanticus (Miers, 1881) Machaerus oxyacanthus (Monod, 1956) The genus is restricted to the Eastern Atlantic region (West Africa). Species excluded from Machaerus Leach, 1818: Pilumnoplax elata Boone, 1927 [= Trapezioplax tridentata (A. Milne-Edwards, 1880), Pseudorhombilidae]	en	CASTRO, PETER, NG, PETER K. L. (2010): Revision of the family Euryplacidae Stimpson, 1871 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Goneplacoidea). Zootaxa 2375 (1): 1-130, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1
03F487A8391042697D8CFE6CF441FDB1.taxon	description	(Figs. 29 A – D; 32 A, B)	en	CASTRO, PETER, NG, PETER K. L. (2010): Revision of the family Euryplacidae Stimpson, 1871 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Goneplacoidea). Zootaxa 2375 (1): 1-130, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1
03F487A8391042697D8CFE6CF441FDB1.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Unknown status (not MNHN). Type locality. Senegal, Gorée I. Material examined. Mauritania. M. Monod coll., 1923, id. as Pilumnoplax atlantica by M. Monod: 1 male (MNHN-B 10237). Senegal. Gorée I., Marche-Marchand coll., 09.01.1951: 1 ovigerous female, 6.0 mm × 8.2 mm (MNHN- B 10239). – Joal, 10 – 11 m, 20.02.1953: 1 male 8.2 mm × 10.9 mm (MNHN-B 10240); 4 m, 19.02.1953: 2 males, 6.5 mm × 8.9 mm, 6.5 mm × 9.0 mm (MNHN-B 10238). Guinea. Calypso, stn. 7, 18 m, 17.05.1956: 2 males, 2 pre-adult females (MNHN-B 10233).	en	CASTRO, PETER, NG, PETER K. L. (2010): Revision of the family Euryplacidae Stimpson, 1871 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Goneplacoidea). Zootaxa 2375 (1): 1-130, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1
03F487A8391042697D8CFE6CF441FDB1.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Anterolateral teeth, outer orbital teeth about same size, shape, second tooth only slightly longer than the first, third (Fig. 29 A, B).	en	CASTRO, PETER, NG, PETER K. L. (2010): Revision of the family Euryplacidae Stimpson, 1871 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Goneplacoidea). Zootaxa 2375 (1): 1-130, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1
03F487A8391042697D8CFE6CF441FDB1.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Machaerus atlanticus appears to be sympatric with its only known congener, M. oxyacanthus. Both species can be easily differentiated from each other by the morphology of the anterolateral teeth. All three anterolateral teeth and the outer orbital teeth are about the same size and shape in M. atlanticus, with the second tooth only slightly longer than the first and third (Fig. 29 A, B). The anterolateral teeth of M. oxyacanthus are acute, different from the triangular outer orbital teeth, and the second anterolateral teeth much longer and more elevated than the first (Fig. 30 A, B). Monod (1956: 345) provided some colour notes of a freshly preserved specimen, and there are some apparent differences between its colour pattern and that of M. atlanticus (see Manning & Holthuis 1981: 163).	en	CASTRO, PETER, NG, PETER K. L. (2010): Revision of the family Euryplacidae Stimpson, 1871 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Goneplacoidea). Zootaxa 2375 (1): 1-130, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1
03F487A8391042697D8CFE6CF441FDB1.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Atlantic coast of Africa from Senegal to Congo (RC). Depth: 4 – 100 m (Manning & Holthuis 1981).	en	CASTRO, PETER, NG, PETER K. L. (2010): Revision of the family Euryplacidae Stimpson, 1871 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Goneplacoidea). Zootaxa 2375 (1): 1-130, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1
03F487A8391142757D8CFCC5F630FE21.taxon	description	(Figs. 30 A – G; 32 C – F)	en	CASTRO, PETER, NG, PETER K. L. (2010): Revision of the family Euryplacidae Stimpson, 1871 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Goneplacoidea). Zootaxa 2375 (1): 1-130, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1
03F487A8391142757D8CFCC5F630FE21.taxon	description	1881)] Pilumnoplax oxyacantha Monod, 1956: 340 [in key], 346, figs. 450 – 455 [Senegal, Ghana]. — Forest & Guinot 1966: 85 [Guinea, Sierra Leone, Liberia, (?) Equatorial Guinea]. — Guinot 1969 b: 517, 518 [discussion]; 1969 c: 688 [discussion].	en	CASTRO, PETER, NG, PETER K. L. (2010): Revision of the family Euryplacidae Stimpson, 1871 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Goneplacoidea). Zootaxa 2375 (1): 1-130, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1
03F487A8391142757D8CFCC5F630FE21.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Unknown status [given as “ MP ” by Monod (1956: 346) but not in MNHN]. Type locality. Senegal, unknown location. Material examined. Guinea. Calypso, stn. 9, 18 – 30 m, 18.05.1956: 5 males, 2 pre-adult females, 7 females (MNHN-B 10243). Sierra Leone. Calypso, stn. 11, 34 – 30 m, 19.05.1956: 1 male, 19.0 mm × 30.3 mm, 1 male, 2 pre-adult females, 3 females (MNHN-B 10242). Gulf of Guinea. Identified as “ Frevillea rosaea ”: 1 male, 26.1 mm × 16.9 mm (NHM 1850.32). Congo-RC. Pointe Noir, 25 m, mud, A. Crosnier coll., 05.1963: 2 males, 11.6 mm × 27.2 mm, 22.5 mm × 35.8 mm (MNHN-B 10231).	en	CASTRO, PETER, NG, PETER K. L. (2010): Revision of the family Euryplacidae Stimpson, 1871 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Goneplacoidea). Zootaxa 2375 (1): 1-130, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1
03F487A8391142757D8CFCC5F630FE21.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Anterolateral teeth acute, different from triangular outer orbital teeth, second tooth much longer, more elevated than first (Fig. 30 A, B).	en	CASTRO, PETER, NG, PETER K. L. (2010): Revision of the family Euryplacidae Stimpson, 1871 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Goneplacoidea). Zootaxa 2375 (1): 1-130, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1
03F487A8391142757D8CFCC5F630FE21.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Differences between M. oxyacanthus and its only (and apparently sympatric) congener, M. atlanticus, are given in the Remarks for the latter. Unusual for a euryplacid, M. oxyacanthus has been collected in brackish water (Manning & Holthuis 1981: 163). On the basis of the description and a rather simple figure (Cano, 1889 b: 228, pl. 7, fig. 14), Pilumnoplax incerta Cano, 1889, is likely to be a senior synonym of M. oxyacanthus. This suggestion had already been made by Ahyong (2008: 54) and Ng et al. (2008: 84). The species is certainly not a Pilumnoplax Stimpson, 1858 (a junior synonym of Eucrate De Haan, 1835) as understood here, or a Neopilumnoplax Serène, 1969 (see Ahyong 2008; Tavares & Melo in press). Cano’s (1889 b) species is only known from the small (“ 6 mm × 8 mm ”) holotype, which was obtained from an unknown location, and its whereabouts are uncertain. As Cano’s (1889 a, b) material was from all over the world, with the bulk from the Atlantic, it is possible that the specimen of P. incerta was obtained from somewhere in the western Atlantic where M. oxyacanthus is found. For now, we defer from synonymising the two species until more information can be obtained.	en	CASTRO, PETER, NG, PETER K. L. (2010): Revision of the family Euryplacidae Stimpson, 1871 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Goneplacoidea). Zootaxa 2375 (1): 1-130, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1
03F487A8391142757D8CFCC5F630FE21.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Atlantic coast of Africa from Senegal to Angola (Manning & Holthuis 1981). Depth: 7 – 73 m (Manning & Holthuis 1981). Genus Nancyplax Lemaitre, García-Gómez, von Sternberg & Campos, 2001	en	CASTRO, PETER, NG, PETER K. L. (2010): Revision of the family Euryplacidae Stimpson, 1871 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Goneplacoidea). Zootaxa 2375 (1): 1-130, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1
03F487A8391142757D8CFCC5F630FE21.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Carapace (Fig. 31 A) quadrate, slightly wider than long, dorsal surface smooth (except granules on hepatic region) without clear indication of regions; anterolateral borders arched; front wide, with small median notch. One conspicuous, acute anterolateral tooth posterior to simple, unarmed outer orbital angle. Orbits short, shorter than front (Fig. 31 B, C); 2 notches on thin supraorbital border; thin, sinuous suborbital border, inner suborbital tooth absent (Fig. 31 C); eye peduncles short, nearly as long as corneas; large, spherical corneas (Fig. 31 B, C). Basal antennal article immobile, disto-lateral process absent but orbital hiatus is closed excluding antennal flagellum from orbit (Fig. 32 B, C; Lemaitre et al. 2001: fig. 2 a). Anteroexternal margin of third maxilliped merus angular. Stridulating ridge on pterygostomian region (Lemaitre et al. 2001: fig. 2 a). Cheliped fingers moderately slender, slightly shorter than propodus, light in colour (Fig. 31 E); carpus with acute tooth on inner margin; sparse setae on outer margin of propodus, carpus (Lemaitre et al. 2001: fig. 3 f); stridulating ridge on proximal margin of merus (Lemaitre et al. 2001: figs. 2 a, 3 f). Dorsal margins of ambulatory legs (P 2 – P 5) meri, carpi, propodi unarmed, dactyli slender, smooth, setose. P 5 propodus, dactylus long, slender, fringed with long setae (Lemaitre et al. 2001: fig. 4 d). Thoracic sternum (Fig. 31 D, F, G) wide; thoracic suture 2 / 3 complete, straight (Fig. 31 D); 3 / 4 deep, short, interrupted; 4 / 5, 5 / 6, 6 / 7, 7 / 8 interrupted (Fig. 31 F, G); median groove on thoracic sternites 7, 8. Sterno-abdominal cavity of male deep, reaching anterior margin of sternite 4 (Fig. 31 D, F). Press-button of male abdominal-locking mechanism as large tubercle near thoracic suture 4 / 5 (Fig. 31 D) (presence in pre-adult females unknown). Male abdomen proportionally wide, triangular (not T-shaped), telson wider than long (Fig. 32 G); somite 3 only slightly transversely wider than somites 4 – 6, somite 3 not reaching inner margins of P 5 coxae or episternite 7, small portion on each side of thoracic sternite 8 left exposed by closed abdomen (( Lemaitre et al. 2001: fig. 2 b), somite 2 transversely shorter than somite 3 (Lemaitre et al. 2001: fig. 2 b). G 1 long, slender, slightly sinuous, thin distal part, acuminate apex, with small, relatively few denticles (Fig. 32 H, I); G 2 less than one-third of G 1, straight, apex with 2 processes, one much longer, larger (Fig. 32 J, K). Male genital opening (gonopore) coxal (Fig. 31 F); coxosternal disposition of long penis, protected by slightly convex posterior portion of thoracic sternite 7. Vulva relatively large, ovoid, transverse on median portion of sternite 6, extending across median half of sternite (Fig. 31 G); covered by soft membrane, sternal vulvar cover absent.	en	CASTRO, PETER, NG, PETER K. L. (2010): Revision of the family Euryplacidae Stimpson, 1871 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Goneplacoidea). Zootaxa 2375 (1): 1-130, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1
03F487A8391142757D8CFCC5F630FE21.taxon	type_taxon	Type species. Nancyplax vossi Lemaitre, García-Gómez, von Sternberg & Campos, 2001 (by original designation, gender feminine).	en	CASTRO, PETER, NG, PETER K. L. (2010): Revision of the family Euryplacidae Stimpson, 1871 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Goneplacoidea). Zootaxa 2375 (1): 1-130, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1
03F487A8391142757D8CFCC5F630FE21.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. One long, acute tooth on each anterolateral border of carapace (Fig. 31 A – C). Outer orbital tooth absent (Fig. 31 B, C).	en	CASTRO, PETER, NG, PETER K. L. (2010): Revision of the family Euryplacidae Stimpson, 1871 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Goneplacoidea). Zootaxa 2375 (1): 1-130, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1
03F487A8391142757D8CFCC5F630FE21.taxon	discussion	Remarks. As in some of the other Western Atlantic and tropical Eastern Pacific genera of euryplacids, the male abdomen of Nancyplax is triangular in shape (Fig. 32 G), not narrow and T-shaped (see Remarks for Euryplacidae). The G 2 departs from the typical euryplacid G 2 by having an apex that consists of one large process and a much smaller one (Fig. 32 J) in contrast to other euryplacids, where the two processes are unequal but not as dissimilar as in Nancyplax. The sterno-abdominal cavity, however, is deep and relatively narrow, and the G 1 slender as in other euryplacids. With the exception of sternal suture 5 / 6, which is interrupted as in Systroplax n. gen. and Xenocrate whereas complete in the remaining euryplacid genera, the other defining characters of Nancyplax agree with those of the family. Species included. Nancyplax vossi Lemaitre, García-Gómez, von Sternberg & Campos, 2001 The genus is restricted to the Western Atlantic region.	en	CASTRO, PETER, NG, PETER K. L. (2010): Revision of the family Euryplacidae Stimpson, 1871 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Goneplacoidea). Zootaxa 2375 (1): 1-130, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1
03F487A8390D42777D8CFC54F645FF64.taxon	description	(Figs. 31 A-G; 32 G-K)	en	CASTRO, PETER, NG, PETER K. L. (2010): Revision of the family Euryplacidae Stimpson, 1871 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Goneplacoidea). Zootaxa 2375 (1): 1-130, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1
03F487A8390D42777D8CFC54F645FF64.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Male holotype, 10.7 mm × 15.7 mm (USNM 308995); 1 male paratype (USNM 308996); 2 males paratypes (USNM 308993); 1 male, 1 female paratypes (USNM 308994); 2 ovigerous female paratypes (UMML 32.8776); 2 males paratypes (UMML 32.9079); 4 males paratypes (UMML 32.9078); 1 male, 2 female paratypes (UMML 32.8775); 1 male paratype (INVEMAR-CRU 2926). Type locality. Off Venezuela, 11 ° 06.3 ’ N, 68 ° 14.6 ’ W, 95 – 132 m. Material examined. Suriname. North of Paramaribo, 07 ° 07 ’ N, 55 ° 08 ’ W, Pillsbury, 11.07.1968: 1 male paratype, 12.1 mm × 17.2 mm, 1 female paratype, 12.1 mm × 17.9 mm (USNM 308994).	en	CASTRO, PETER, NG, PETER K. L. (2010): Revision of the family Euryplacidae Stimpson, 1871 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Goneplacoidea). Zootaxa 2375 (1): 1-130, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1
03F487A8390D42777D8CFC54F645FF64.taxon	discussion	Remarks. See Remarks for genus.	en	CASTRO, PETER, NG, PETER K. L. (2010): Revision of the family Euryplacidae Stimpson, 1871 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Goneplacoidea). Zootaxa 2375 (1): 1-130, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1
03F487A8390D42777D8CFC54F645FF64.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Western Atlantic, only known from the Caribbean Sea coasts of Colombia to Suriname. Depth: 55 – 155 m. Genus Platyozius Borradaile, 1902	en	CASTRO, PETER, NG, PETER K. L. (2010): Revision of the family Euryplacidae Stimpson, 1871 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Goneplacoidea). Zootaxa 2375 (1): 1-130, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1
03F487A8390D42777D8CFC54F645FF64.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Carapace (Figs. 33, 34) trapezoidal, almost as wide as long, dorsal surface smooth without clear indication of regions except continuous, curved postorbital ridge between second anterolateral teeth parallel to front, orbits (Fig. 34 E; dark colour in live specimens [Fig. 33 A – E]; ridge less distinct in small individuals); anterolateral borders arched; front wide, straight, with small median notch, truncate margin but slight transverse sulcus in largest individuals. Three short, triangular teeth posterior to short, obtuse outer orbital angle; second anterolateral teeth largest, dorsally oriented, third smallest, particularly in largest individuals. Orbits moderately short (shorter than front), oblique, spherical (Fig. 35 A); thin supraorbital border without notches (small notch may be present in small individuals); inner suborbital lobe, nearly straight margin without notches on thin suborbital border (Fig. 35 C); eye peduncles short; large, spherical corneas (Fig. 35 A, C). Basal antennal article mobile in small individuals, slightly mobile in larger ones, with disto-lateral process so that orbital hiatus is closed excluding antennal flagellum from orbit (Fig. 35 A, C). Merus of third maxilliped auriculiform (Fig. 35 A, C). Cheliped fingers moderately stout, slightly longer than swollen propodus (Fig. 35 B), tips dark in live individuals (Fig. 33); carpus with tooth on inner margin; scattered setae, no tomentum on anterior margin of carpus. Dorsal margins of ambulatory legs (P 2 – P 5) meri, carpi, propodi unarmed, dactyli slender, smooth, setose; P 5 propodus, dactylus proportionally short, flattened (Figs. 33; 34), fringed with scattered, long setae, short spines. Thoracic sternum (Fig. 35 D, F, G) wide; thoracic suture 2 / 3 complete, convex (Fig. 35 C, D); 3 / 4 deep, short, interrupted; 4 / 5, 6 / 7, 7 / 8 interrupted, 5 / 6 complete (Fig. 35 G); median groove on thoracic sternites 7, 8. Sterno-abdominal cavity of male deep, reaching only to median portion of sternite 4 (Fig. 35 F). Press-button of male abdominal-locking mechanism as large tubercle near thoracic suture 4 / 5 (small tubercle present in pre-adult females). Male abdomen narrow, slender (T-shaped), lateral margins of somites 4 – 6 abruptly narrowing from somite 3 to narrow, pointed telson wide (Fig. 35 D, E); somite 3 reaching inner margins of P 5 coxae (Fig. 35 E), outer margin with semi-circular projection that fits under thoracic sternite 7; no portions of thoracic sternite 8 exposed by closed abdomen, somite 2 transversely slightly shorter than somite 3. G 1 long, slender, slightly sinuous, acuminate apex, with small denticles (Figs. 35 F; 38 A, B); G 2 less than one-third of G 1, straight, apex with 2 processes: one long, tip obtuse; second much shorter, tip obtuse (Fig. 38 C). Male genital opening (gonopore) coxal; coxo-sternal disposition of long penis (Fig. 35 F), protected by concave posterior portion of thoracic sternite 7. Vulva ovoid, extending across anterior portion of sternite 6 close to median axis of thorax (Fig. 35 G); covered by soft membrane, sternal vulvar cover absent.	en	CASTRO, PETER, NG, PETER K. L. (2010): Revision of the family Euryplacidae Stimpson, 1871 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Goneplacoidea). Zootaxa 2375 (1): 1-130, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1
03F487A8390D42777D8CFC54F645FF64.taxon	type_taxon	Type species. Pseudozius (Platyozius) laevis Borradaile, 1902 (by monotypy, gender feminine).	en	CASTRO, PETER, NG, PETER K. L. (2010): Revision of the family Euryplacidae Stimpson, 1871 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Goneplacoidea). Zootaxa 2375 (1): 1-130, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1
03F487A8390D42777D8CFC54F645FF64.taxon	discussion	Remarks. The only species in the genus was described as Pseudozius (Platyozius) laevis by Borradaile (1902: 243). The species, however, is clearly not a member of Pseudozius Dana, 1851 (family Pseudoziidae Alcock, 1898), as noted by Rathbun (1906: 861), who noticed the diagnostic “ ridge above, behind, and parallel to the margin ”, and adding that the anterior margin of the third maxilliped merus is not notched “ as in typical Pseudozius ”. Its affinities with the Euryplacidae were recognized by Tesch (1918: 158), who synonymised Platyozius with Eucrate on account of its “ general appearance ”. Barnard (1950: 295) synonymised the species, without any comments, with Eucrate sulcatifrons Stimpson, 1858, a junior synonym of E. crenata (De Haan, 1835). This position was followed by Edmondson (1962: 4), whereas Dai et al. (1996: 247) and Ng et al. (2008: 78) treated it as a separate species of Eucrate. The genus Platyozius Borradaile, 1902, is hereby resurrected and a diagnosis is given for the first time. Species included. Platyozius laevis (Borradaile, 1902) The genus is restricted to the Indo-West Pacific region.	en	CASTRO, PETER, NG, PETER K. L. (2010): Revision of the family Euryplacidae Stimpson, 1871 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Goneplacoidea). Zootaxa 2375 (1): 1-130, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1
03F487A8390F427C7D8CFB23F645F9D1.taxon	description	(Figs. 33 A – F; 34 A – F; 35 A – G; 38 A – C)	en	CASTRO, PETER, NG, PETER K. L. (2010): Revision of the family Euryplacidae Stimpson, 1871 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Goneplacoidea). Zootaxa 2375 (1): 1-130, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1
03F487A8390F427C7D8CFB23F645F9D1.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Male holotype, 5.0 mm × 6.0 mm (UMZC) (Fig. 34 A); 1 female, 7.5 mm × 9.5, 1 male, 7.0 mm × 8.5 mm (UMZC) not mentioned in the description. Type locality. Maldives, Suvadiva Atoll, 36 m. Material examined. Madagascar. North of Nosy Be, 12 ° 26 ’ N, 48 ° 16 ’ E, 200 m, G. Casellato coll., 10.1971: 1 male (MNHN-B 30524). Seychelles. REVES 2: stn. 18, 05.09.1980: 1 female, 4.4 mm × 4.8 mm (MNHN-B 30539); stn. 32, 57 m, 09.09.1980: 1 female, 4.2 mm × 4.3 mm (MNHN-B 30535); stn. 51, 42 m, coral and sand, 15.09.1980: 1 male 6.4 mm × 7.7 mm, 1 female, 5.3 mm × 6.2 mm (MNHN-B 30537); stn. 60, 41 m, 19.09.1960: 1 male, 6.0 mm × 7.5 mm, 4 pre-adults females, 6.3 mm × 7.7 mm, 6.4 mm × 7.7 mm, 6.0 mm × 7.2 mm, cw 7.8 mm, 1 preadult 4.5 mm × 5.2 mm (MNHN-B 30534). Maldives. Suvadiva Atoll, 36 m.: male holotype, 5.0 mm × 6.0 mm; same location: 1 female, 7.5 mm × 9.5, 1 male, 7.0 mm × 8.5 mm (UMZC). – Laamu Atoll, under boulders in reef, A. Anand J. K. coll., 1 male, 6.1 mm × 7.8 mm (ZRC 2007.0707). Japan. Ogasawara Is., off Chichi-jima I., 27 ° 06.35 ’ N, 142 ° 10.48 ’ E, 59 – 55 m, coral sand and rock, TRV Shin’yo-maru, 1997 cruise, stn. 10, T. Komai coll.: 2 males, 5.0 mm × 5.6 mm, 4.6 mm × 5.2 mm (CBMZC 6531). Hong Kong. No data: 1 female (SWIMS SML-Z- 159.1). Philippines. Sulu Archipelago, Basilan Straits, SW Malanipa I., 48 – 51 m, Pele, B. R. Wilson coll., 12.02.1964: 1 male, 5.4 mm × 7.0 mm (MNHN-B 10342). Bohol, Panglao I., Balicasag I., tangle nets of local fishermen, 12.2003: 1 female, 11.0 mm × 14.0 mm (ZRC 2004.0806); 02.05.2004: 1 female, 9.5 mm × 11.9 mm (ZRC 2004.0732). Indonesia. Ceram, Mariel King Memorial Expedition: stn. CP I, haul 1, Piru Bay, 03 ° 15 ’ S, 128 ° 8 ’ E, 59 – 64 m, 01.06.1970: 1 male, 4.5 mm × 4.8 mm (MNHN-B 30773); stn. CP III, 01.06.1970: 1 male, 5.7 mm × 6.6 mm (MNHN-B 30774). Kai Is., Mariel King Memorial Expedition: stn. KR VI, haul 3 – 10, north of Du Rowa I., 05 ° 32 ’ S, 132 ° 41 ’ E, 27 – 37 m, 11.06.1970: 1 female, 5.1 mm × 6.3 mm (MNHN-B 30840). Solomon Is. SALOMON 1: stn. DW 1822, 09 ° 51.8 ’ S, 160 ° 51.8 ’ E, 51 – 54 m: 1 male, 4.2 mm × 4.7 mm (MNHN-B 30777); 1 male, 4.6 mm × 4.8 mm (MNHN-B 32011). Vanuatu. SANTO 2006: stn. DB 29, west of Malo I., 15 ° 38.9 ’ S, 167 ° 05.1 ’ E, 15 m, 17.09.2006: 1 male, 6.9 mm × 8.5 mm (ZRC). Australia. Queensland, Wreck Reef near Porpoise Cay, 22 ° 11 ’ S, 155 ° 20 ’ E, outer reef flat under dead coral boulders at base of live coral heads, low tide, J. Short & S. Mullens coll., 14.05.1988: 1 female, 12.3 mm × 15.0 mm (QM W 15174). – Flinders Reef, off Cape Moreton, 26 ° 59 ’ S, 155 ° 29 ’ E, fringing reef under rock, scuba, 20 m, N. Coleman coll., 09.07.1997: 1 male, 10.9 mm × 13.5 mm (QM W 24144). Chesterfield Is. CORAIL 2: stn. DW 1, 20 ° 55.9 ’ S, 161 ° 40.7 ’ E, 59 m, 20.07.1988: 1 female, 6.5 mm × 7.7 mm (MNHN-B 30801). – Stn. DW 11, 20 ° 59 ’ S, 161 ° 41 ’ E, 58 m, 20.07.1988: 1 male, 5.5 mm × 6.9 mm (MNHN-B 30779). New Caledonia. LAGON: stn. 229, Ile Ouen, Baie du Prony, 22 ° 39 ’ S, 166 ° 39 ’ E, 41 m: 1 male, 6.6 mm × 8.0 mm (MNHN-B 30778). LAGON EST: stn. 748, 21 ° 16.9 ’ S, 165 ° 49.9 ’ E, 35 m, 06.01.1987: 1 pre-adult female, 6.1 mm × 7.4 mm, photograph CB 392 (MNHN-B 30782). MUSORSTOM 5: stn. DW 264, 25 ° 19.69 ’ S, 159 ° 44.33 ’ E, 56 m, 08.10.1986: 1 male, 7.0 mm × 8.5 mm, photograph (MNHN-B 30780) NORFOLK 2: stn. DW 2135, 23 ° 02 ’ S, 168 ° 21 ’ E, 295 – 330 m, 03.11.2003: 1 female, 5.4 mm × 6.7 mm (MNHN-B 30781). Loyalty Is. Ouvéa I., Mouli, diving, 11 m, J. - P. Menou coll., 13.11.1991: 1 male, 10.1 mm × 12.5 mm, photograph CB 1070 (MNHN-B 30608). Micronesia. Yap I., Y – 251, R. Hiatt coll., 1952: 1 male, 8.5 mm × 10.7 mm (MNHN-B 24496). Marshall Is. Enewetak Atoll, # 090351 - B: 1 male, 1 pre-adult female, 1 female (LACM). Hawaiian Is. Northwest Hawaiian Is, French Frigate Shoals, stn. FFS 114, 23.699 ° N, 166.058 ° W, fore reef, 16.8 m, G. Paulay et al. coll., 19.10.2006: 1 male, photograph 1 JMO 166, 6.9 mm × 8.6 mm (LACM); 23.699 ° N, 166.0575 ° W, under coral rubble, 16.7 m: 1 male, photograph, 5.0 mm × 6.5 mm (UF 12194). – Stn FFS 192, 23.699 ° N, 166.058 ° W, fore reef, under coral rubble, 25.7 m, G. Paulay et al. coll., 26.10.2006: 1 male, photograph, 7.7 mm × 9.7 mm (UF 12283); 23.8633 ° N, 166.1877 ° W: 1 male, photograph, 4.4 mm × 4.9 mm (UF 12284). – Stn FFS 193, 23.8445 ° N, 166.3348 ° W, back reef, under coral rubble, 18.1 m, G. Paulay et al. coll., 26.10.2006: 1 male, photograph, 13.5 mm × 10.4 mm (UF 12282). Oahu, Halona Blowhole, 17 m, 21 ° 26 ’ N, 157 ° 58 ’ W, under surface of rubble, R. Holcom coll., 2.08.1997: 1 male, 7.7 mm × 9.5 mm (QM W 28380). French Polynesia. Tuamotu Archipelago, Rangiroa Atoll, ca. 1 km S of NW point of atoll off Motu Maeherahonae, stn. BRNG – 31, 14 ° 55.72 ’ S, 147 ° 51.47 ’ W, reef flat, under coral rubble, Liu et al. coll., 13.10.2001: 2 females, 9.5 mm × 12.1 mm, 12.5 mm × 16.0 mm, photographs GP 909: 5 – 7 and 912: 9 – 11 (UF 1534). Society Is., Moorea, offshore between Motu Tiahura and Fareone, outer reef slope, 17.4848 ° N, 149.9172 ° W, S. McKeon et al. coll., 14.10.2008: 1 ovigerous female, 7.8 mm × 9.4 mm (UF 15510).	en	CASTRO, PETER, NG, PETER K. L. (2010): Revision of the family Euryplacidae Stimpson, 1871 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Goneplacoidea). Zootaxa 2375 (1): 1-130, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1
03F487A8390F427C7D8CFB23F645F9D1.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Anterolateral borders of carapace each with three short, triangular teeth (Figs. 33 A – E; 34); postorbital ridge along entire anterior portion of carapace (Fig. 34 E); obtuse outer orbital angle (Figs. 34; 35 A – C). Dorsal surface of carapace with brightly coloured pattern of irregular lines (Fig. 33).	en	CASTRO, PETER, NG, PETER K. L. (2010): Revision of the family Euryplacidae Stimpson, 1871 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Goneplacoidea). Zootaxa 2375 (1): 1-130, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1
03F487A8390F427C7D8CFB23F645F9D1.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Unique among euryplacids is a postorbital ridge that curves along the entire anterior portion of the carapace between the second anterolateral teeth and parallel to the front and orbits of Platyozius. In small individuals (e. g. male, 5.5 mm × 6.9 mm, MNHN-B 30779; male, 7.0 mm × 8.5 mm MNHN-B 30780; female, 5.4 mm × 6.7 mm, MNHN-B 30781) the ridge, as well as the third anterolateral teeth, are only slightly evident. Also diagnostic is the unique colour pattern (Fig. 33). The details of the colour pattern (see below) vary, even among specimens collected from the same locality. This relative variation is not correlated with any morphological differences suggesting that these differences are not species specific. Other details of the morphology of the species are given in the diagnosis of Platyozius (see above) and in Table 1. Platyiozius laevis shows a very wide geographical distribution across the Indo-West Pacific, wider than any known euryplacid. It has been collected from under coral rubble or rocks at low tide in the Maldives, Australia, the Hawaiian Islands, and French Polynesia as well as dredged in water as deep as 200 m. Colour pattern. The colourful pattern diagnostic of P. laevis rapidly disappears in alcohol-preserved specimens. It is still discernible in a photograph of a specimen from the Hawaiian Is. given by Rathbun (1906: pl. 11, fig. 7). A colour photograph of a specimen from the type locality, the Maldives (male, 6.1 mm × 7.8 mm; ZRC 2007.0707), shows irregular, red-brown spots and wavy lines across the carapace, an almost continuous, wavy, thin, red-brown band around the anterior and lateral borders of the carapace, and a large irregular spot of the same red-brown colour on the gastric region. There are three red-brown bands across each of the ambulatory legs and one on dactylus of the chelipeds. All carapace and pereopod markings are on a light pink background, except on the anterior half of the carapace, which is yellowish orange. A colour photograph of a specimen from the Ryukyu Is., Japan (Kawamoto & Okuno 2003: 149, as Eucrate sp.) shows an almost identical colour pattern to that of the Maldives specimen. There are variations of this colour pattern, however. A specimen from New Caledonia (male, 7.0 mm × 8.5 mm; MNHN-B 30780) shows the dark red-brown pattern across the anterior and anterolateral portions of the carapace and a cross-like pattern along the front, bound by two pink circles. The rest of the carapace and the pereopods are pink, with red-brown bands on the ambulatory legs. The colour pattern of two females from French Polynesia (9.5 mm × 12.1 mm, 12.5 mm × 16.0 mm; UF 1534; Fig. 33 A, B) is similar to that of the New Caledonia male except that the red-brown markings on the carapace show slightly different patterns, the carapace having an orange background except six greyish spots, the bands on the ambulatory legs thicker and four in number, and there are irregular spots on each of the chelipeds. Specimens from the Northwest Hawaiian Islands (Fig. 33 C, E, F) and Vanuatu (Fig. 33 D) show an orange or white carapace background and variations in the spotting of the chelipeds and banding of the ambulatory legs.	en	CASTRO, PETER, NG, PETER K. L. (2010): Revision of the family Euryplacidae Stimpson, 1871 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Goneplacoidea). Zootaxa 2375 (1): 1-130, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1
03F487A8390F427C7D8CFB23F645F9D1.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Wide distribution across the Indo-West Pacific region: Indian Ocean from Madagascar, Seychelles, the Maldives, and India (unpublished manuscript by M. Deb, Zoological Survey of India); western Pacific from southern Japan to Indonesia (photographic evidence from Sulawesi), New Caledonia, and Queensland, Australia; Micronesia, Marshall Is., Hawaiian Is., and French Polynesia. Depth: intertidal to 200 m. Genus Psopheticoides Sakai, 1969	en	CASTRO, PETER, NG, PETER K. L. (2010): Revision of the family Euryplacidae Stimpson, 1871 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Goneplacoidea). Zootaxa 2375 (1): 1-130, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1
03F487A8390F427C7D8CFB23F645F9D1.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Carapace (Figs. 36 A; 39 C) trapezoidal, almost as wide as long, dorsal surface smooth without clear indication of regions, large orange-red, circle on cardiac region (remains visible in preserved specimens); anterolateral borders arched; front wide, straight with small median notch (absent in large individuals), transverse sulcus along margin. Two teeth posterior to triangular outer orbital angle, first short, elongated with rounded outline following arched anterolateral border, second acute, dorsally salient. Orbits long, wide, spherical (Fig. 36 B), 2 weak notches on supraorbital border, raised lobe immediately before inner notch; small, low inner suborbital tooth on broad, suborbital border (Fig. 36 C); eye peduncles short, large reniform (dorsoventrally flattened) corneas (Fig. 36 B, C). Basal antennal article slightly mobile, completely closing orbital hiatus so that antennal flagellum is excluded from orbit (Fig. 36 B, C). Anteroexternal margin of third maxilliped merus auriculiform (Fig. 36 C). Cheliped fingers (Fig. 36 D) stout, slightly longer than swollen propodus, light in colour; carpus with tooth on inner margin, merus with acute anterodorsal tooth; row of short setae along anterior margin of carpus. Dorsal margins of ambulatory legs (P 2 – P 5) meri, carpi, propodi unarmed, dactyli slender, smooth, setose; P 5 propodus, dactylus proportionally short, flattened (Fig. 36 A), fringed with many short setae. Thoracic sternum (Fig. 36 E, G) wide; thoracic suture 2 / 3 complete, straight (Fig. 36 E); 3 / 4 deep, short, interrupted; 4 / 5, 6 / 7, 7 / 8 interrupted, 5 / 6 complete (Fig. 36 G); median groove on thoracic sternites 7, 8. Sterno-abdominal cavity of male deep, nearly reaching anterior margin of sternite 4 (Fig. 36 E). Press-button of male abdominal-locking mechanism as large tubercle near thoracic suture 4 / 5 (presence in pre-adult females unknown). Male abdomen narrow, slender (T-shaped), lateral margins of somites 4 – 6 abruptly narrowing from somite 3 to transversely narrow, pointed telson (Fig. 36 E); somite 3 reaching inner margins of P 5 coxae; no portions of thoracic sternite 8 exposed by closed abdomen, somite 2 transversely slightly shorter than somite 3 (Fig. 36 F), somite 1 conspicuous. G 1 long, slender, slightly sinuous, arrowhead-shaped apex, relatively large denticles (Fig. 38 D, E); G 2 less than one-third of G 1, straight, apex with 2 processes: one long, tip obtuse; second much shorter, tip obtuse (Fig. 38 F). Male genital opening (gonopore) coxal; coxosternal disposition of long penis with greatly expanded proximal portion, protected by concave posterior portion of thoracic sternite 7. Vulva crescent shaped, extending across anterior, median portion of sternite 6 close to median axis of thorax (Fig. 36 G); thick, transverse, ventrally projecting sternal vulvar cover on outer margin in large females (Fig. 36 G).	en	CASTRO, PETER, NG, PETER K. L. (2010): Revision of the family Euryplacidae Stimpson, 1871 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Goneplacoidea). Zootaxa 2375 (1): 1-130, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1
03F487A8390F427C7D8CFB23F645F9D1.taxon	type_taxon	Type species. Psopheticoides sanguineus Sakai, 1969 (by original designation, gender masculine).	en	CASTRO, PETER, NG, PETER K. L. (2010): Revision of the family Euryplacidae Stimpson, 1871 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Goneplacoidea). Zootaxa 2375 (1): 1-130, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1
03F487A8390F427C7D8CFB23F645F9D1.taxon	discussion	Remarks. The inclusion of the genus in the subfamily Euryplacinae of the Goneplacidae was first suggested (conduisent à l’inclure) by Serène & Vadon (1981: 127), although Sakai (1969: 272) had noted the similarities in the male abdomen and gonopods of his new species with those of Eucrate. Karasawa & Kato (2003 a: 151; 2003 b: 139) formally included Psopheticoides in the Euryplacinae and ultimately in the Euryplacidae (Castro 2007: 618, 620; Ng et al. 2008: 78, 79). Unusual among euryplacids are the dorsoventrally flattened reniform eyes in this species (Fig. 36 B), a character also found in Frevillea (Figs. 18 E, F; 19 A, B) and in some members of the Goneplacidae (Castro 2007). The G 1 is unusual in featuring an arrowhead-shaped apex (Fig. 38 D, E; Sakai 1969: fig. 17 a, a’). Also unusual among euryplacids is the presence of a fully sclerotised sternal vulvar cover (Fig. 36 G). Psopheticoides shares such a structure with only one euryplacid genus, Trissoplax n. gen. (Fig. 41 G). The typical euryplacid vulva has simple margins and the opening itself is covered by a soft membrane (e. g. Figs. 3 G, 19 H). The role of such a sclerotised vulvar cover, in goneplacoids remains unknown (see Castro 2007: 755). Species included. Psopheticoides sanguineus Sakai, 1969 The genus is restricted to the Indo-West Pacific region.	en	CASTRO, PETER, NG, PETER K. L. (2010): Revision of the family Euryplacidae Stimpson, 1871 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Goneplacoidea). Zootaxa 2375 (1): 1-130, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1
03F487A8390442787D8CFCB9F645FD0F.taxon	description	(Figs. 36 A – G; 38 D – F; 39 C)	en	CASTRO, PETER, NG, PETER K. L. (2010): Revision of the family Euryplacidae Stimpson, 1871 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Goneplacoidea). Zootaxa 2375 (1): 1-130, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1
03F487A8390442787D8CFCB9F645FD0F.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Male holotype (USNM 125888); 1 female paratype (unknown status) Type locality. Japan, Kyushu, Tosa Bay, off Mimase, 100 – 150 m. Material examined. Philippines. Bohol. Balicasag I., off Panglao I., 200 – 300 m, tangle nets of local fishermen, 12.2000: 2 females (ZRC 2001.0366); 50 – 500 m, 28.11.2001: 4 males, 1 female, 2 ovigerous females (ZRC 2001.0539); 200 – 300 m, 06.2002: 1 male, 1 female (ZRC 2002.0651); 25 – 30.07.2003: 8 males, 1 female, 17.7 mm × 22.3 mm (ZRC 2004.0752); 02.03.2004: 2 ovigerous females (ZRC 2004.0713); 11.2003: 1 male, 2 females, 3 ovigerous females (ZRC); 12.2003: 1 male (ZRC 2008.1359); 02.2004: 1 ovigerous female (ZRC 2008.1360); 05.2004: 2 males (ZRC). Panglao I., Maribojoc Bay, 100 – 300 m, T. J. Arbasto coll., 11.2003 – 04.2004: 1 ovigerous female (ZRC 2008.1361); 28.05.2004: 1 male, 21.9 mm × 27.8 mm (ZRC 2008.1357); 07.2004 – 05.2005: 1 ovigerous female, 1 female (ZRC 2008.1362). PANGLAO 2004: stn. P 1, Nato coll., 30.05.2004: 1 male, 22.0 mm × 26.7 mm, 1 female, 20.1 mm × 25.3 mm (MNHN-B 29728). Vanuatu. SANTO 2006: no data: 1 male, 7.8 mm × 9.8 mm (ZRC 2009.0974). Tonga. BORDAU 2: stn. DW 1634, 21 ° 45 ’ S, 175 ° 20 ’ W, 321 – 322 m, 20.06.2000: incomplete specimen (MNHN-B 29808).	en	CASTRO, PETER, NG, PETER K. L. (2010): Revision of the family Euryplacidae Stimpson, 1871 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Goneplacoidea). Zootaxa 2375 (1): 1-130, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1
03F487A8390442787D8CFCB9F645FD0F.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Reniform eyes (Fig. 36 B). Orange-red circle on dorsal surface of carapace (Fig. 39 C).	en	CASTRO, PETER, NG, PETER K. L. (2010): Revision of the family Euryplacidae Stimpson, 1871 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Goneplacoidea). Zootaxa 2375 (1): 1-130, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1
03F487A8390442787D8CFCB9F645FD0F.taxon	discussion	Remarks. A large but damaged and incomplete specimen from Tonga (MNHN-B 29808) clearly shows the characteristic carapace, including the colour spot. Colour pattern. A distinctive orange-red circle fringed by a yellow-white border located on the cardiac region of the carapace (Fig. 39 C; Ng et al. 2008: fig. 63). The rest of the carapace and the ambulatory legs are orange-red.	en	CASTRO, PETER, NG, PETER K. L. (2010): Revision of the family Euryplacidae Stimpson, 1871 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Goneplacoidea). Zootaxa 2375 (1): 1-130, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1
03F487A8390442787D8CFCB9F645FD0F.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Western Pacific from Japan to the Philippines, Vanuatu, and Tonga. Depth: 50 – 322 m. Genus Systroplax n. gen.	en	CASTRO, PETER, NG, PETER K. L. (2010): Revision of the family Euryplacidae Stimpson, 1871 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Goneplacoidea). Zootaxa 2375 (1): 1-130, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1
03F487A8390442787D8CFCB9F645FD0F.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Carapace (Fig. 37 A) suboctagonal, nearly round; front long, nearly straight (outer edges slightly arched in large individuals), marked by small median notch; transverse sulcus along margin; notch between front, supraorbital border. Orbits short, spherical (Fig. 37 B); supraorbital borders short, arched, with 2 notches; suborbital borders arched, 2 very small notches in larger individuals; large, granular, ventrally oriented inner suborbital tooth (Fig. 37 B, C); eye peduncles short, granular; large, spherical corneas. Anterolateral borders arched, 2 short, obtuse anterolateral teeth; posterolateral borders long, arched. Dorsal, ventral surface of carapace with short, spherical granules (Fig. 37 B, C), strongly convex, without clear indication of regions. Outer orbital angle with very short, triangular tooth; 2 obtuse, small anterolateral teeth on each side of carapace, first larger (much reduced or absent in large individuals, particularly second tooth; Fig. 38 I, J). Basal antennal article immobile, with distolateral process so that orbital hiatus is closed excluding antennal flagellum from orbit (Fig. 37 B, C). Outer (ventral) surface of third maxilliped carpus, merus granular, anteroexternal margin of merus auriculiform (Fig. 37 C). Subhepatic, pterygostomian regions, pterygostomian crest granular. Thoracic sternum (Fig. 37 E, G) wide, granular outer margins; thoracic suture 2 / 3 complete, straight (Fig. 37 E, G); 3 / 4 deep, short, interrupted; 4 / 5, 5 / 6, 6 / 7, 7 / 8 interrupted (Fig. 37 G); median groove on thoracic sternites 7, 8 (Fig. 37 G). Sterno-abdominal cavity of male deep, reaching median portion of sternite 4 (Fig. 37 E). Press-button of male abdominal-locking mechanism as tubercle near thoracic suture 4 / 5 (presence in pre-adult females unknown). Anteroexternal margin of third maxilliped merus auriculiform. Cheliped (P 1) propodus, carpus, merus granular (inner surface of propodus relatively smooth); fingers moderately stout, slightly shorter than swollen propodus, tips darker in colour (Fig. 37 D). Carpus with long, blunt tooth on distal, inner margin; merus with large, blunt tooth on inner surface near anterior margin. Dorsal margins of ambulatory legs (P 2 – P 5) meri, carpi, propodi unarmed, dactyli slender, smooth, setose; P 5 dactyli, propodi proportionally short, flattened, fringed with scattered, long setae, spines. Male abdomen narrow, slender (Tshaped), lateral margins of somites 4 – 6 abruptly narrowing from somite 3 to transversely narrow, pointed telson (Fig. 37 E); somite 3 reaching inner margins of P 5 coxae, outer end fitting under episternite 7; somite 2 transversely shorter than somite 3 but no portions of thoracic sternite 8 exposed by closed abdomen (Fig. 37 F). G 1 long, slender, slightly sinuous, acuminate apex, with small denticles (Fig. 38 G). G 2 less than onethird of G 1, straight, with 2 processes: one long, tip acute; second much shorter, small, lobe-like (Fig. 38 H). Male genital opening (gonopore) coxal; coxo-sternal disposition of long penis with very broad, soft proximal expansion, protected by concave posterior portion of thoracic sternite 7. Female abdomen relatively narrow, not covering outer portions of thoracic sternum, with six freely-mobile somites. Telson broadly triangular, wider than long. Somites 1, 2 cover space between P 5 coxae, only small portion of each P 5 condyle of sternite 8 left exposed by closed abdomen (Fig. 37 F). Vulva of mature females ovoid, extending across median portion of thoracic sternite 6 close to median axis of thorax (Fig. 37 G); covered by soft membrane, sternal vulvar cover absent.	en	CASTRO, PETER, NG, PETER K. L. (2010): Revision of the family Euryplacidae Stimpson, 1871 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Goneplacoidea). Zootaxa 2375 (1): 1-130, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1
03F487A8390442787D8CFCB9F645FD0F.taxon	type_taxon	Type species. Carcinoplax angusta Rathbun, 1914 (by present designation, gender feminine).	en	CASTRO, PETER, NG, PETER K. L. (2010): Revision of the family Euryplacidae Stimpson, 1871 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Goneplacoidea). Zootaxa 2375 (1): 1-130, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1
03F487A8390442787D8CFCB9F645FD0F.taxon	etymology	Etymology. From systremma, Greek for anything aggregated, generally a ball or round object, in reference to the diagnostic round shape of the carapace of the type species, and plax, Greek for “ plate ” or “ tablet ”, which is derived from the generic name Carcinoplax (from karkinos, Greek for crab), to denote that the species included in the new genus was formerly included in the latter.	en	CASTRO, PETER, NG, PETER K. L. (2010): Revision of the family Euryplacidae Stimpson, 1871 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Goneplacoidea). Zootaxa 2375 (1): 1-130, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1
03F487A8390442787D8CFCB9F645FD0F.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Although the carapace shape is superficially similar to two species assigned to the family Goneplacidae sensu stricto (i. e. Carcinoplax tenuidentata Castro, 2007, and Pycnoplax bispinosa (Rathbun, 1914); Castro 2007: figs. 5, 13 B), Systroplax n. gen. clearly belongs to the Euryplacidae (Castro 2007: 623). The male abdomen is slender, with a narrow and pointed telson (Fig. 37 E), and the G 1, also slender, is much longer than the G 2. Although the shape of the abdomen of goneplacids varies, it is typically broad and triangular and a similarly shaped telson (i. e. Castro 2007: figs. 4 B, 16 B), never narrow as in the Euryplacidae. The G 1 in Carcinoplax H. Milne Edwards, 1852, is never as slender as in euryplacids and the apex is much wider, never acuminate (e. g. Castro 2007: fig. 2), or thick and stout as in Pycnoplax Castro, 2007 (e. g. Castro 2007: fig. 16 C). A G 2 much shorter than the G 1, however, is present in three goneplacid genera (Castro 2007). The vulva of Systroplax n. gen. is typical of euryplacids, relatively small with thick margins and no sternal vulvar cover, in contrast to the much expanded vulva of Carcinoplax (e. g. Castro 2007: fig. 1), or the vulva covered by a sternal vulvar cover of Pycnoplax (e. g. Castro 2007: fig. 15). In contrast to most euryplacids, thoracic suture 5 / 6 is interrupted, a character nevertheless shared with Nancyplax and Xenocrate (Table 1). Species included. Systroplax angusta (Rathbun, 1914) The genus is restricted to the Indo-West Pacific region.	en	CASTRO, PETER, NG, PETER K. L. (2010): Revision of the family Euryplacidae Stimpson, 1871 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Goneplacoidea). Zootaxa 2375 (1): 1-130, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1
03F487A8390042457D8CF903F645FF64.taxon	description	(Figs. 37 A – G; 38 G – J)	en	CASTRO, PETER, NG, PETER K. L. (2010): Revision of the family Euryplacidae Stimpson, 1871 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Goneplacoidea). Zootaxa 2375 (1): 1-130, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1
03F487A8390042457D8CF903F645FF64.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Female holotype, 23.7 mm × 26.9 mm; 1 male paratype, 10 mm × 10.8 mm (USNM 46166). Type locality. Philippines, Verde Island Passage between Luzon and Mindoro, Albatross, stn. 5376, 13 ° 42.8 ’ S, 121 ° 51.5 ’ E, 165 m. Material examined. South China Sea. Dampier, stn. DD 19, 05 ° 26.0 ’ S, 111 ° 13.5 ’ E, 210 – 201 m, 1963: 1 female (NHM). Philippines. Verde Island Passage. Albatross, stn. 5376, 13 ° 42.8 ’ S, 121 ° 51.5 ’ E, 165 m, 02.03.1909: female holotype (USNM 46166). Solomon Is. SALOMON 2: stn. CP 2284, 8 ° 38,4 ' S, 157 ° 21,5 ' E, 195 – 197 m, 06.11.2004: 2 males, 10.7 mm × 11.8 mm, 8.3 mm × 8.8 mm (MNHN-B 30100). – No stn. no.: 1 female, 14.6 mm × 16.5 mm (MNHN- B 30074). Vanuatu. MUSORSTOM 8: stn. CP 1117, 15 ° 09.91 ’ S, 166 ° 53.37 ’ E, 170 – 220 m, 09.10.1994: 1 male (MNHN-B 29404). – Stn. CP 1123, 15 ° 07.19 ’ S, 166 ° 55.20 ’ E, 262 – 552 m, 09.10.1994: 2 males, 28.0 mm × 31.6 mm, 18.9 mm × 21.4 mm (MNHN-B 29402). BOA 1: stn. CP 22447, 15 ° 07.20 ’ S, 166 ° 52.0 ’ E, 10.09.2005: 1 male, 27.8 mm × 31.1 mm (MNHN-B 30135). Fiji. MUSORSTOM 10: stn. CAS 1321, 17 ° 17.3 ’ S, 177 ° 47.7 ’ E, 200 m, 07.08, 1998: 1 male, 32.3 mm × 37.2 mm, 1 female 27.8 mm × 31.4 mm (MNHN-B 29377). – Stn. CP 1322, 17 ° 17.1 ’ S, 177 ° 47.9 ’ E, 210 – 282 m, 07.08, 1998: 1 male, 22.1 mm × 24.6 mm (MNHN-B 29378). – Stn. CP 1328, 17 ° 16.8 ’ S, 177 ° 50.4 ’ E, 248 – 277 m, 07.08.1998: 1 male (MNHN-B 29488). BORDAU 1: stn. CP 1403, 16 ° 40 ’ S, 179 ° 36 ’ E, 220 – 224 m, 25.02.1999: 2 males, 19.9 mm × 22.5 mm, 13.5 mm × 14.8 mm (MNHN-B 29470); 1 pre-adult male, cl 9.9 mm [rest of carapace damaged] (MNHN-B 29489).	en	CASTRO, PETER, NG, PETER K. L. (2010): Revision of the family Euryplacidae Stimpson, 1871 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Goneplacoidea). Zootaxa 2375 (1): 1-130, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1
03F487A8390042457D8CF903F645FF64.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Carapace suboctagonal, almost round, granular, with two short teeth on each anterolateral bor- der (Fig. 37 A).	en	CASTRO, PETER, NG, PETER K. L. (2010): Revision of the family Euryplacidae Stimpson, 1871 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Goneplacoidea). Zootaxa 2375 (1): 1-130, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1
03F487A8390042457D8CF903F645FF64.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Carcinoplax angusta Rathbun, 1914, was described from two specimens from the Philippines, the female holotype (23.8 mm × 27.6 mm, USNM 46166) and a pre-adult male (10 mm × 10.8 mm, same catalogue number). Most of the characters that separate this species from Carcinoplax sensu stricto were nevertheless clearly listed by Rathbun (1914 b: 142) and discussed by Castro (2007: 624), who formally placed the species “ in a yet undescribed genus in the family Euryplacidae ” (Castro 2007: 623). These characters, plus the very slender G 1 of relatively small specimens, were illustrated by Zarenkov (1972: figs. 4 – 4, 6 – 4, as C. angusta), and particularly Chen (1998: fig. 6, as C. angustata [sic]), who also showed the short G 2. In large specimens (e. g. male, 22.1 mm × 24.6 mm, MNHN-B 29378; male, 27.8 mm × 31.1 mm, MNHN- B 30135) the second anterolateral tooth is hardly noticeable (Fig. 38 I, J).	en	CASTRO, PETER, NG, PETER K. L. (2010): Revision of the family Euryplacidae Stimpson, 1871 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Goneplacoidea). Zootaxa 2375 (1): 1-130, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1
03F487A8390042457D8CF903F645FF64.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Southwestern Pacific from the South China Sea to Fiji. A record from the Persian Gulf (Naderloo & Sari 2007; as Carcinoplax angusta) is highly questionable. Depth: 165 – 282 m (also from a station at depths of 226 - 552 m). Genus Trissoplax n. gen.	en	CASTRO, PETER, NG, PETER K. L. (2010): Revision of the family Euryplacidae Stimpson, 1871 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Goneplacoidea). Zootaxa 2375 (1): 1-130, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1
03F487A8390042457D8CF903F645FF64.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Carapace (Figs. 39 D – F; 40 A – E; 42 A) hexagonal, transversely elongated, wider than long, convex; anterolateral borders nearly straight, only slightly arched in small individuals, progressively arched with increasing carapace size in T. dentata; dorsal surface smooth without clear indication of regions (larger individuals of T. dentata with short sulcus on each branchial region extending laterally from third anterolateral tooth, short elongated boss on each branchial region near second anterolateral tooth); front wide, straight with median notch, transverse sulcus along margin (continuing as a short vertical groove in large individuals of T. dentata). Three anterolateral teeth (first triangular, obtuse; second acute, dorsally salient [particularly in T. dentata]; third small, obtuse) posterior to triangular, anteriorly-oriented outer orbital angle (variations in Tirmizi & Ghani 1988: fig. 3 A – G’; 1996: fig. 30 A – G’, as E. haswelli). Orbits moderately long, about as long as front (Fig. 41 B), sinuous to slightly sinuous, one notch on inner third portion of thin to thick supraorbital border (second notch on outer portion more noticeable in larger individuals of T. dentata); triangular inner suborbital tooth, short median lobe, outer notch on thick suborbital border (Fig. 41 A, B) (suborbital border sinuous, granular, without inner suborbital tooth or median lobe in T. tuberosa n. sp.; Fig. 42 E); eye peduncles moderately long, nearly half of frontal width, much longer than large, slightly elongated corneas (Figs. 41 A, B; 42 E). Basal antennal article immobile (slightly mobile in small specimens), with small disto-lateral process so that orbital hiatus is closed excluding antennal flagellum from orbit (Fig. 41 A, B; Campbell 1969: fig. 3 E, as E. affinis; fig. 5 D, as E. haswelli; Yang & Sun 1979: fig. 3 – 1, as Eucrate costata). Anteroexternal margin of third maxilliped merus angular (Fig. 41 A). Cheliped fingers moderately stout, slightly longer than swollen propodus, light in colour (Figs. 41 E; 42 E); carpus with tooth on inner margin; dense tomentum consisting of plumose setae on anterior margin of carpus (Figs. 40 A, C, E; 41 E) (clumps of plumose setae in T. tuberosa n. sp.; smallest individuals of T. dentata). Dorsal margins of ambulatory legs (P 2 – P 5) meri, carpi, propodi unarmed, dactyli slender, smooth, setose; P 5 propodus long, slender, subcylindrical, fringed with many long setae (Campbell 1969: fig. 3 I, as E. affinis; fig. 5 E, as E. haswelli). Thoracic sternum (Fig. 41 C, F, G) wide, thoracic suture 2 / 3 complete, convex (Figs. 41 C; 42 C); 3 / 4 deep, short, interrupted; 4 / 5, 6 / 7, 7 / 8 interrupted, 5 / 6 complete (Fig. 41 G); median groove on thoracic sternites 7, 8. Sterno-abdominal cavity of male deep, only reaching median portion of sternite 4. Press-button of male abdominal-locking mechanism as small tubercle near thoracic suture 4 / 5 (small tubercle present in pre-adult females). Male abdomen narrow, slender, transversely narrow (T-shaped), lateral margins of somites 4 – 6 abruptly narrowing from somite 3 to transversely narrow, pointed telson (Figs. 41 D; 42 C); somite 3 reaching inner margins of P 5 coxae, somite 2 transversely slightly shorter or as long as somite 3; no portions of thoracic 8 exposed by closed abdomen or small portion of each side exposed (T. tuberosa n. sp.). G 1 long, slender, slightly sinuous to nearly straight, acuminate apex, with small denticles (Figs. 41 F; 43 A, B, D, E); G 2 less than one-third of G 1, straight, apex with 2 processes: one long, tip acute; second much shorter, tip acute (Fig. 43 C, F). Male genital opening (gonopore) coxal; coxo-sternal disposition of long penis (Fig. 41 F), protected by concave posterior portion of thoracic sternite 7. Female abdomen relatively narrow, not covering outer portions of thoracic sternum, with 6 freely-mobile somites (Serène & Lohavanijaya 1973: fig. 179, as Heteroplax dentatus, fig. 184, as H. transversus; Tirmizi & Ghani 1988: fig. 3 H; 1996: fig. 30 H, as E. haswelli). Vulva ovoid, extending transversely across anterior portion of sternite 6 close to median axis of thorax; short, transverse, triangular sternal vulvar cover on posterior margin (Fig. 41 G).	en	CASTRO, PETER, NG, PETER K. L. (2010): Revision of the family Euryplacidae Stimpson, 1871 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Goneplacoidea). Zootaxa 2375 (1): 1-130, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1
03F487A8390042457D8CF903F645FF64.taxon	type_taxon	Type species. Heteroplax dentata Stimpson, 1858 (by present designation, gender feminine).	en	CASTRO, PETER, NG, PETER K. L. (2010): Revision of the family Euryplacidae Stimpson, 1871 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Goneplacoidea). Zootaxa 2375 (1): 1-130, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1
03F487A8390042457D8CF903F645FF64.taxon	etymology	Etymology. From the Greek trissos for “ threesome ”, in reference to the three conspicuous teeth (the outer orbital tooth and the first two anterolateral teeth) on each side of the carapace, which is characteristic of the new genus, and plax, Greek for “ plate ” or “ tablet ”, which is derived from the generic name Heteroplax to denote that the type species of the new genus was formerly included in Heteroplax sensu lato.	en	CASTRO, PETER, NG, PETER K. L. (2010): Revision of the family Euryplacidae Stimpson, 1871 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Goneplacoidea). Zootaxa 2375 (1): 1-130, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1
03F487A8390042457D8CF903F645FF64.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Stimpson (1858: 94 (40); 1907: 94) described two species of Heteroplax from or near Hong Kong, H. transversa and H. dentata, but his descriptions were brief, no illustrations were given, and the type material of both species is presumably lost (see Evans 1967; Deiss & Manning 1981; Manning 1993; Manning & Reed 2006). A specimen from the type locality that closely follows Stimpson’s description of H. transversa has been selected as its neotype and the genus Heteroplax Stimpson 1858, is being re-described herein, with H. transversa as its only species, H. nagasakiensis Sakai, 1934, being a junior synonym (see above). Trissoplax n. gen. is described herein for the second of Stimpson’s (1858) Hong Kong species, H. dentata. Stimpson compared his two new species, describing H. dentata as having a “ carapax narrow ” in contrast to the “ much broader carapax ” of H. transversa. Indeed, the Hong Kong male specimen herein selected as the neotype of H. dentata Stimpson, 1858 (16.4 mm × 21.5 mm; QM W 27400), the type species of Trissoplax n. gen. (see below), has a much narrower carapace than H. transversa. Whereas the carapace-length to carapacewidth ratio of H. transversa given by Stimpson is 1: 1.5 (1: 1.6 ratio for the neotype and other Hong Kong specimens; see above), the ratio given by Stimpson for his H. dentata is 1: 1.27 (1: 1.3 for the neotype and additional Hong Kong specimens listed here; 1: 1.3 – 1.4 for specimens from other locations). A second species of Trissoplax n. gen. being described as new, T. tuberosa n. sp., also has a narrow carapace (1: 1.3 in the holotype, see below). Stimpson (1858: 94 (40); 1907: 94, 95) mentioned three additional characters in contrasting between the two species. One was the presence in his H. dentata of “ four unequal teeth ” (including the outer orbital tooth) in contrast to only two teeth that were described posterior to the outer orbital tooth in T. transversa, the third always being very small so that Stimpson possibly overlooked it. A third difference was the presence of “ a tuft of pubescence ” in H. dentata, which he did not mention for H. transversa, a character that is found in the neotype and all the remaining specimens of T. dentata that were examined except the pre-adults. A final difference was in the length of the eye peduncles, being proportionately longer in H. transversa than in H. dentata. Alcock (1900), Balss (1922 b), and Guinot (1969) commented on the obvious affinities between Stimpson’s H. dentata and Eucrate. In fact, Alcock (1900: 299, 301) erroneously regarded H. dentata as a subspecies of Eucrate crenata, although large specimens of both species may be confused (see Remarks for H. dentata below). Eucrate is clearly different from both Heteroplax and Trissoplax n. gen. (Table 1) but the confusion unfortunately developed as a result of authors only relying on the short description with no illustrations and, most probably, the absence of specimens of Stimpson’s H. dentata. Specimens from other localities were described as new species, thus adding to the confusion (see Remarks for H. dentata below). The most obvious difference between Trissoplax n. gen. and Eucrate is that in Eucrate the carapace is trapezoidal and with relatively short orbits and eye peduncles (e. g. Fig. 3 B), whereas in Trissoplax n. gen. (as in Heteroplax) the carapace is slightly more elongated and with longer orbits and eye peduncles (e. g. Fig. 41 B) (see Table 1). The anterolateral borders of the carapace of T. dentata nevertheless become arched with increasing size and as such they may be superficially similar to large individuals of Eucrate species. These large specimens of Eucrate can still be easily distinguished from T. dentata in having proportionately much longer eye peduncles and orbits, a higher and more conspicuous inner suborbital tooth, and thinner orbital margins than in Eucrate. Both Eucrate and Trissoplax n. gen., however, share the presence of a conspicuous setous patches along the anterior margin of the cheliped carpus, which is absent in Heteroplax. Species included. Trissoplax dentata (Stimpson, 1858) = Eucrate affinis Haswell, 1882 = Pseudorhombila sulcatifrons var. australiensis Miers, 1884 = Eucrate haswelli Campbell 1969 = Eucrate costata Yang & Sun 1979 Trissoplax tuberosa n. sp. The genus is restricted to the Indo-West Pacific region.	en	CASTRO, PETER, NG, PETER K. L. (2010): Revision of the family Euryplacidae Stimpson, 1871 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Goneplacoidea). Zootaxa 2375 (1): 1-130, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1
03F487A8393D42437D8CFB23F187F934.taxon	description	(Figs. 39 D – F; 40 A – F; 41 A – G; 43 A – C)	en	CASTRO, PETER, NG, PETER K. L. (2010): Revision of the family Euryplacidae Stimpson, 1871 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Goneplacoidea). Zootaxa 2375 (1): 1-130, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1
03F487A8393D42437D8CFB23F187F934.taxon	description	[China]. — Clark et al. 2008: 52 [western Thailand]. Eucrate affinis Haswell, 1882 a: 547; 1882 b: 86 [Australia]. — Stebbing 1920 a: 238; 1921 b: p. 458, pl. 15 (110) [South Africa]. — Campbell 1969: 118 [in key], 122, figs. 2, 3 [Australia]. — Guinot 1971: 1080 [in list]. — Springthorpe & Lowry 1994: 92 [type material]. — Davie 2002: 198 [fig.], 199. — Thoma 2007: 299 [Western Australia.] — Hutchins & Gomez 2007: 331 [in list] [Western Australia]. — Ng et al. 2008: 78 [in list]. Pseudorhombila sulcatifrons var. australiensis Miers, 1884: 242, pl. 24, fig. C, c [Australia]. (?) Eucrate affinis — De Man 1887: 89, pl. 5, figs. 5 – 7 [Myanmar = Burma]. Heteroplax dentatus — Walker 1887: 110 [in list] [Singapore]. (?) Eucrate crenata var. affinis — Alcock 1900: 299 [in key], 300. Eucrate crenata var. dentata — Nobili 1906 b: 297 [Gulf of Aden]. Eucrate crenata dentata — Chhapgar 1957: 437, pl. 11, fig. j-l. [west coast of India]. not Eucrate crenata var. dentata — Alcock 1900: 299 [in key], 301 [India, Hong Kong]. — Sankarankutty 1966: 350 [in list] [India] (? = Eucrate alcocki Serène, in Serène & Lohavanijaya, 1973; E. indica n. sp.) not Heteroplax dentata — Rathbun 1910: 342 [Gulf of Thailand]. [not Trissoplax dentata (Stimpson, 1858)] Eucrate dentata — Tesch 1918: 158 [in key, footnote]. — Campbell 1969: 119 [in key], 132 [discussion]. Eucrate sulcatifrons — Stephensen 1946: 167, fig. 45 A, B [Persian Gulf]. not Eucrate sulcatifrons — Barnard 1950: 282 [in key], 295, fig. 54 d, e. [not Eucrate sulcatifrons Stimpson, 1858 =	en	CASTRO, PETER, NG, PETER K. L. (2010): Revision of the family Euryplacidae Stimpson, 1871 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Goneplacoidea). Zootaxa 2375 (1): 1-130, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1
03F487A8393D42437D8CFB23F187F934.taxon	description	& Sari 2007: 344, 347 [Persian Gulf]. — Yang et al. 2008: 770 [in list] [China]. not “? Heteroplax dentatus ” — Serène & Lohavanijaya 1973: 73, 98, figs. 178 – 182, pl. 17, figs. A-D [Philippines]. [not	en	CASTRO, PETER, NG, PETER K. L. (2010): Revision of the family Euryplacidae Stimpson, 1871 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Goneplacoidea). Zootaxa 2375 (1): 1-130, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1
03F487A8393D42437D8CFB23F187F934.taxon	materials_examined	Type material of Heteroplax dentata Stimpson 1858, lost. Type locality. “ among the islands on the coast of China near Hong Kong ”, “ shelly bottoms, in 10 – 15 fathoms ” (18 – 27 m). Neotype (see Remarks below): male, 16.4 mm × 21.5 mm (QM W 27400) (Figs. 40 A; 41); type locality. Hong Kong, New Territories, Tolo Harbour, stn. 64, 22 ° 45 ’ N, 114 ° 20 ’ E. Type material of Eucrate affinis Haswell, 1882, dry male lectotype, 6.6 mm × 8.7 mm, 1 dry female paralectotype (AM P 2972) (Fig. 40 D), designated by B. M. Campbell; type locality: Australia, Port Denison, off Holborn I., 36 m (see Springthorpe & Lowry 1994: 92). Type material of Pseudorhombila sulcatifrons var. australiensis Miers, 1884, pre-adult female holotype, 8.4 mm × 6.0 mm (NHM 1882.93) (Fig. 40 F); type locality: Australia, Port Molle, 26 m, HMS Alert. Type material of Eucrate haswelli Campbell, 1969, male holotype, 15.0 mm × 19.5 mm (AM P 6991) (Fig. 40 B); type locality: Australia, Queensland, Port Denison, intertidal (see Springthorpe & Lowry 1994: 101). Type material of Eucrate costata Yang & Sun 1979, male holotype (BMNH J 79149), 1 male paratype, 25.0 mm × 19.0 mm (BMNH J 79140) (Fig. 40 E); type locality: China, Fujian Province, Dongshan. Material examined. Gulf of Aden. Djibouti, F. P. Jousseaume coll., 1897, id. as “ Eucrate crenata var. dentata Stm ” by G. Nobili, 1905: 2 females (MNHN-B 12514). Persian Gulf. Det. as E. aff. haswelli by M. Apel, 2 males, cl 6.5 [rest of carapace damaged], 8.1 mm × 11.4 mm, 2 females 6.5 mm × 9.2 mm, 6.7 mm × 9.3 mm, 1 ovigerous female, 7.7 mm × 10.6 mm (MNHN- B 12513). Pakistan. Korangi Creek, south of Karachi, N. M. Tirmizi leg., 15.03.1992: 2 males, 15.0 mm × 19.5 mm, 15.5 mm × 20.9 mm, 1 female, 14.9 mm × 19.9 mm (RMNH D 46768). (?) India. Leg. Marine Research Station, Ratnagiri, jetty Mirya: 1 female [incomplete], 17.9 mm × 23.0 mm (MNHN-B 10559). Thailand. Andaman Sea coast, Ranong, stn. 126, offshore, TILS project, P. Clark coll., 29.11.2007: 1 male, 6.2 mm × 8.3 mm (NHM). China. Amoy, 07.1932, leg. National Wu-Han University, no. 80: 1 female, 16.1 mm × 20.6 mm (MNHN- B 10149). Hong Kong. Unknown locations, T 49, sp. 38, 1992: 1 ovigerous female, 14.8 mm × 19.0 mm (SWIMS CRU-P 12 - 015); T 4 / 2, sp. 46: 1 female, 13.7 mm × 18.4 mm (SWIMS); T 10, sp. 60: 3 males, 1 female (SWIMS CRU- 92 - 011); 1 male (SWIMS CRU- 92 - 049). – New Territories, Tolo Harbour, 22 ° 45 ’ N, 114 ° 20 ’ E, stn. 64, P. Davie coll.: male neotype (here designated), 16.4 mm × 21.5 mm (QM W 27400). – GO 788, 5 A: 1 male, 3.1 mm × 4.1 mm, 1 male, 3.8 mm × 4.9 mm (QM W 28382). Thailand. Gulf of Thailand, off Pattaya, L. B. Holthuis & P. K. L. Ng coll., 25.12.1991: 2 males, 4.6 mm × 6.4 mm, 6.9 mm × 9.6 mm (ZRC 1992.10297 – 10298). Gulf of Thailand, stn. GVF 53, channel between Songkhla and Ko Nu I., 07 ° 14 ’ N, 100 ° 36 ’ E, 03.11.1957: 1 ovigerous female, 7.3 mm × 9.1 mm (ex USNM access no. 230087, MNHN-B 24502). Singapore. Southern islands, 1992: 1 male, 15.2 mm × 19.4 mm (ZRC 1992.7922). Tuas Basin, P. K. L. Ng et al. coll., 15.01.1994: 1 pre-adult male, 3.5 mm × 4.9 mm, 2 males, 5.6 mm × 7.3 mm, 6.5 mm × 8.8 mm, 1 pre-adult female, 5.7 mm × 7.5 mm, 3 females, 5.9 mm × 8.3 mm, 6.5 mm × 8.4 mm, 8.7 mm × 11.5 mm (ZRC 2000.2240). Off Changi, dredging, P. K. L. Ng coll., 17.12.1998: 1 female, 7.7 mm × 10.6 mm (ZRC 1998.1231). – Changi Beach, beach seine, P. K. L. Ng coll., 02.04.2003: 1 male, 6.9 mm × 9.1 mm (ZRC 2004.0758). SAF jetty, Changi Point, washed dead on shore, Chan S. Y. coll., 11.03.2005: 2 males, 20.0 mm × 26.2 mm, 21.5 mm × 28.9 mm (ZRC 2008.1236). Semekau, H. H. Tan coll., 18.02.2009: 1 female (ZRC 2009.0048). Unknown location, J. C. Y. Lai coll., 15.09.07: 1 male, 14.1 mm × 18.4 mm (ZRC 2009.0375). Indonesia. Kai Is. Danish Kai Expedition, stn. 116, 05 ° 57 '' S, 136 ° 34 '' E, 22 m, 07.08.1922, id. as Heteroplax dentata by T. Odhner, 1924: 1 female (ZMUC CRU- 1519). Australia. Queensland, Port Denison, intertidal: male holotype of Eucrate haswelli Campbell, 1969, 15.0 mm × 19.5 mm (AM P 6991). Queensland, Port Molle, HMS Alert, 26 m, 1882: pre-adult female holotype of Pseudorhombila sulcatifrons var. australiensis Miers, 1884, 8.4 mm × 6 mm (NHM 1882.93). “ Eastern Seas ”. Identified as “ Pilumnoplax sulcatifrons ”: 2 males, 9.4 mm × 7.5 mm, 8.9 mm × 6.8 mm (NHM 1847.21). Unknown location. Loc. 0047, stn. 003 - 5, 17.02.1983: 2 males, 3 pre-adult females, 3 females (LACM).	en	CASTRO, PETER, NG, PETER K. L. (2010): Revision of the family Euryplacidae Stimpson, 1871 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Goneplacoidea). Zootaxa 2375 (1): 1-130, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1
03F487A8393D42437D8CFB23F187F934.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Suborbital border with triangular inner suborbital tooth, short median lobe (Fig. 41 A, B). Conspicuous tomentum on chelipeds (Fig. 39 D – F; 40 A – C, E; 41 E). Smooth chelipeds, without tubercles (Fig. 41 E).	en	CASTRO, PETER, NG, PETER K. L. (2010): Revision of the family Euryplacidae Stimpson, 1871 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Goneplacoidea). Zootaxa 2375 (1): 1-130, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1
03F487A8393D42437D8CFB23F187F934.taxon	discussion	Remarks. The status of H. dentata, one of the two species of Heteroplax sensu lato described by Stimpson (1858) from Hong Kong, had remained problematic until now. The clarification of Stimpson’s (1858) description (see Remarks for Trissoplax n. gen.) and the designation of a neotype (see below) now permits settling the status of several other species that were described by other authors who were not aware of the real identity of Stimpson’s H. dentata, or even the case where a new species was not recognized because both of Stimpson’s species were confused with each other. Nevertheless, authors such as Walker (1887), Nobili (1906), and T. Odhner (see Material examined above) correctly identified their material as belonging to Stimpson’s species. A series of seven specimens from Singapore (ZRC 2000.2240) ranging from a pre-adult male (3.5 mm × 4.9 mm) to an adult female (8.7 mm × 11.5 mm), plus additional specimens of various sizes from other locations, drew light on the ontogeny of the diagnostic characters of T. dentata. The smallest pre-adult male barely shows a third anterolateral tooth, only a short tubercle, and, as in the remaining small individuals, does not show the characteristic tomentum on the distal margin of the cheliped carpi, only many short plumose setae that increase in number with carapace size. The short tufts of setae of two pre-adult Hong Kong specimens (3.1 mm × 4.1 mm, 3.8 mm × 4.9 mm; QM W 28382) do indeed correspond to Stimpson’s “ tuft of pubescence ”. Another character, the shape of the anterolateral borders of the carapace, changes from being almost parallel to each other in small individuals (Fig. 39 D – F) to arched in the largest ones (Fig. 40 A – E). The carapace and single cheliped of two pre-adult males (3.1 mm × 4.1 mm, 3.8 mm × 4.9 mm; QM W 28382) from Hong Kong also agree with Stimpson’s (1858) description of H. dentata. The smallest specimen, however, lacks the third anterolateral tooth, which was described (Stimpson 1907: 94) as “ inconspicuous, formed only by a slight emargination ”. The only available cheliped has a short tuft of setae on the distal margin of the carpus. The many specimens examined agree with the characters given in Stimpson’s description of his Hong Kong specimens. An exception is the presence of a median notch in the front. It was indicated as absent in Stimpson’s material (Stimpson 1907: 94) but this character may have been missed as the notch is small and may be obscured by sediment. Eucrate affinis Haswell, 1882, described from Queensland, Australia (Haswell, 1882 a: 547; 1882 b: 86), was among the species of Eucrate revised by Campbell (1969: 118, 122, fig. 3). Campbell’s illustrations of Haswell’s type material (male lectotype and a female paralectotype (AM P 2972) selected as such by Campbell from two syntypes) show strong similarities to T. dentata in the general shape of their carapaces and, most especially, orbits and eye peduncles that are much longer than those of Eucrate. Campbell unfortunately did not discuss Haswell’s species in detail and concluded that the most “ characteristic feature of this species is probably the presence of the short strong ridges at the bases of the third and fourth anterolateral teeth ”, a feature that is shown in his figures (Campbell 1969: fig. 3 b, H) but without mentioning the long orbits and eye peduncles, which are also shown in his figures. Haswell’s species is only known from the relatively small male lectotype and female paralectotype (AM P 2972) as selected by Campbell. Their carapace widths were measured by Campbell as 8.7 mm and 12.4 mm, respectively. Both specimens are dry and fragile but photographs (one of which is reproduced as Fig. 40 D) confirm that Haswell’s specimens belong to T. dentata (Stimpson, 1858). Campbell, however, provided a drawing of the abdomen of the male lectotype (Campbell 1969: fig. 3 F), which shows a telson that is slightly shorter than that of T. dentata. The specimen drawn by Campbell was a small male so it is possible that the telson was not fully developed. It is also possible that the abdomen was not fully extended and straight when drawn. Not mentioned by Stimpson in his description of H. dentata, but observed by Campbell in Haswell’s holotype, and by us in specimens of T. dentata is a slight, granular elevation on the branchial region parallel to each posterolateral margin. These are indicated in Campbell’s figure of E. affinis (Campbell 1969: fig. 3 B, H) but they are not as evident in larger individuals such as the male holotype of E. haswelli (15.0 mm × 19.5 mm, AM P 6691; Fig. 40 B), another junior synonym of T. dentata (see below), or in the neotype of T. dentata (16.4 mm × 21.5 mm, QM W 27400; Fig. 40 A). Campbell (1969: 119) regarded Stimpson’s H. dentata as a species of Eucrate and included it in his key to species. He discussed in detail Stimpson’s description (Campbell 1969: 132) and pointed out six similarities and three differences between it and his new species E. haswelli. One difference was in the carapace length to width ratio, 1.34 in the male holotype of E. haswelli against 1.46 in Stimpson’s specimen. As pointed out in the case of Stimpson’s H. transversa (see Remarks above), the difference may be due to the possibility that Stimpson’s specimen, whose sex was not indicated, being a female. A second difference resulted after erroneously concluding from Stimpson’s description that the second anterolateral tooth (first tooth below the outer orbital tooth) was “ almost obsolete ” in H. transversa. He finally presumed (“ by inference ”) that a median frontal notch was absent in H. transversa because its presence was not mentioned by Stimpson. A colour photograph of the male holotype of E. haswelli Campbell, 1969 (15.0 mm × 19.5 mm, AM P 6691; Fig. 40 B) confirms that Campbell’s species is indeed a junior synonym of T. dentata (Stimpson, 1858). Other authors referred specimens collected elsewhere to Eucrate affinis Haswell, 1882. Such is the case of four specimens from the Mergui Archipelago, Andaman Sea identified “ with some hesitation ” as E. affinis by De Man (1887: 89, pl. 5, figs. 5 – 7), as well as the single specimen of the same collection identified by Alcock (1900: 300) as E. crenata var. affinis. Campbell (1969: 128) referred to E. tripunctata Campbell, 1969, the four specimens identified “ with some hesitation ” as E. affinis by De Man (1887: 89, pl. 5, figs. 5 – 7), as well as the single specimen of the same collection identified by Alcock (1900: 300) as E. crenata var. affinis. Campbell’s decision was made on account of the restriction of the cheliped tomentum to “ the upper border of the wrist of the cheliped ”, the proportions of the P 5 propodus, and the similarity between the outer orbital teeth and the first two anterolateral teeth. Based solely on De Man’s description and his figures, however, it is clear that the specimens do not belong to E. tripunctata. The anterolateral teeth, described by De Man (1887: 90, pl. 5, fig. 5) as “ rather acute ”, do not resemble the conspicuously short teeth of E. tripunctata, a feature that is observed even in pre-adults (Campbell 1969: fig. 4 K, L). Furthermore, the male telson (De Man 1887: pl. 5, fig. 6) is shorter than that in E. tripunctata. Alcock’s specimen was described as being “ more sculptured ” than that of E. crenata, which is in sharp contrast to the smoother carapace of E. tripunctata. The similarities between De Man’s material and T. dentata are evident from his figures, most especially the long orbits and eye peduncles but there are some differences. Assuming that the figures are accurate, the anterolateral teeth are subequal, the orbits are slightly transverse, and the P 5 dactylus relatively shorter than in T. dentata. The identity of the material, as well as Alcock’s E. crenata var. affinis thus remains unknown. Also referred to E. affinis were specimens from South Africa (Stebbing 1920 a: 238; 1921 b: p. 458, pl. 15). Stebbing’s illustration of the carapace shows the elongated orbits and eye peduncles and what appear to be a granular elevation parallel to the left posterolateral margin. Nevertheless, the tomentum on the cheliped carpi is not illustrated, the P 5 propodus is proportionally short and wide, the anterolateral teeth show acute tips, and the male telson is shorter than in T. dentata. Stebbing’s material from South Africa is referred to as Eucrate sulcatifrons Stimpson, 1858, a junior synonym of E. crenata (De Haan, 1835), by Barnard (1950: 295, fig. 54 d, e), who mentions that the “ distal end of wrist [is] more or less covered with thick fur ”. His figure shows orbits and eye peduncles that are longer than in Eucrate and the relatively large outer orbital and anterolateral teeth characteristic of T. dentata. Often placed in synonymy with Haswell’s Eucrate affinis (e. g. Campbell 1969: 122), Pseudorhombila sulcatifrons var. australiensis Miers, 1884 (Miers 1884: 242, pl. 24, fig. C, c) agrees with some of the diagnostic characters of T. dentata as defined here. Miers compared his female specimen from Queensland, Australia with Stimpson’s H. dentata and stated that his variety differs “ it would appear, [by] the shorter thicker eye-peduncles ”, which is not readily apparent from Miers’ figure, and a first anterolateral tooth that is “ as long as the preceeding [sic] ” (the outer orbital tooth). Campbell (1969: 126) examined photographs of the dry holotype (deposited at NHM) and found that there are some errors in Miers’ representation of, among other structures, the anterolateral teeth and the P 5. Nevertheless, absent from Miers’ specimen is the tomentum on the cheliped carpi, although short setae instead of a conspicuous tomentum has been observed in small specimens of T. dentata like that of Miers’, which was only 6 mm × 8 mm (Miers 1884: 242). Examination of the pre-adult female holotype of Pseudorhombila sulcatifrons var. australiensis Miers, 1884 (8.4 mm x 6.0 mm, NHM 1882.93; Fig. 40 F) confirms it is a junior synonym of T. dentata (Stimpson, 1858). The photographs of a Gulf of Thailand specimen identified as “ Heteroplax transversus ” by Serène & Lohavanijaya (1973: figs. 183, 184, pl. 18, fig. A) is clearly identifiable as T. dentata. The specimen identified as “? Heteroplax dentatus ” (Serène & Lohavanijaya (1973: 73, 98, figs. 178 - 182, pl. 17), however, belongs to Trissoplax tuberosa n. sp. (see below). The authors were, like many others, obviously confused by Stimpson’s (( 1858, 1907) descriptions of the two species. Eucrate costata Yang & Sun, 1979, described from southern China can also be referred to T. dentata. This synonymy is clearly apparent in the photographs of the carapace (broad carapace, characteristic shape of the anterolateral teeth) and long orbits and eye peduncles (Yang & Sun 1979: plate, figs. 5, 6, 9), particularly since the photographs are side by side to photographs of two species of Eucrate. Also characteristic of T. dentata is the elongated male telson and the proportionally slender P 5 propodus and dactylus (Yang & Sun 1979: figs. 3, 4). The species was described as resembling more Eucrate haswelli and E. affinis but a table contrasting the three species (Yang & Sun 1979: 11) listed five characters, three of which involved the sculpturing of the carapace and cheliped, and two slight differences in the morphometry of the P 5 propodus and male abdomen. The authors did not mention their examination of material of the two “ Eucrate ” species so their data was taken from Campbell’s rather incomplete illustrations. As mentioned above, there is a slight difference in the shape of the male telson of E. affinis as figured by Campbell (1969: fig. 3 F) and the more slender telson of E. costata shown by Yang & Sun and the specimens of T. dentata examined here. Photographs of the male paratype of E. costata (19.0 mm × 25.0 mm, BMNH J 79140; Fig. 40 E) confirm the synonymy. In view of the complex and confusing taxonomic history of the species and in the interest of long-term nomenclatural stability, we hereby designate a male (16.4 mm × 21.5 mm; QM W 27400) from Hong Kong, the type locality of Stimpson’s species, as the neotype of Heteroplax dentata Stimpson, 1858. This action effectively makes Eucrate affinis Haswell, 1882, E. costata Yang & Sun, 1979, E. haswelli Campbell, 1969, and Pseudorhombila sulcatifrons var. australiensis Miers, 1884, junior subjective synonyms of Heteroplax dentata Stimpson, 1858. The specimen figured by Dai et al. (1986: fig. 194) and Dai & Yang (1991: fig. 194) of a specimen from Guandong, southern China conforms to T. dentata. It shows three anterolateral teeth in addition of an obtuse but conspicuous outer anterolateral tooth, and a smooth chelipeds propodus. The “ Eucrate crenata var. dentata ” records of Alcock (1900) (see Remarks for E. alcocki) probably refer to either E. alcocki Serène, in Serène & Lohavanijaya, 1973, or E. indica n. sp. The record of “ Eucrate crenata dentata ” by Chhapgar (1957: 39, pl. 11, figs. j, k, l), however, is clearly T. dentata as presently defined here as his figures leave no doubt about its identity. Material from the Iranian Gulf identified by Stephensen (1946: 167, fig. 45) as Eucrate sulcatifrons, a junior synonym of E. crenata De Haan, 1835, was examined by Apel (2001: 102) and according to him, is actually E. haswelli; which is here regarded as a junior synonym of T. dentata. The specimen photographed by Serène & Lohavanijaya (1973: pl. 17, fig. C) does show four teeth (in addition of acuminate outer orbital tooth) but their specimen does not conform to Stimpson’s description. The chelipeds propodus of their specimen has conspicuous tubercles whereas Stimpson (1907) described the chelipeds as “ smooth, and glossy ”. Two pre-adult specimens from the Gulf of Thailand (1.8 mm × 1.8 mm, 2.6 mm × 3.0 mm; USNM 39740), which belong to a batch of four females and one male recorded by Rathbun (1910: 342), do not belong to H. dentata. Their small size makes a conclusive identification impossible but they have clear affinities to Carcinoplax and Psopheticus Wood-Mason, 1892, both included in the Goneplacidae sensu stricto. Differences between T. dentata and its only known congener are given in the description of T. tuberosa n. sp. (see below). Colour pattern. There is considerable variation in the colour pattern of T. dentata. Stimpson’s Hong Kong live specimens were described as having a gray or brown carapace, “ whitish posteriorly, and with a transverse narrow white band being the eyes … frontal region and feet punctuate with red ” (Stimpson 1905: 95). Pakistan specimens were described by Tirmizi & Ghani (1996: 80, as Eucrate haswelli) as “ pale with purple dots, chelipeds white with purple dots ”. Two preserved male specimens from Singapore (14.1 mm × 18.4 mm, ZRC 2009.0375; 15.2 mm × 19.4 mm, ZRC 1992.7922) showed small dots on the dorsal surface of the chelipeds and the anterior third of the carapace. The same colour pattern is observed in a photograph of a fresh specimen from the Persian Gulf provided by R. Naderloo (Forschunginstitut Senckenberg, Frankfurt). A recently preserved, small male (6.2 mm × 8.3 mm; NHM) from the Andaman Sea coast of Thailand showed a broad purplish band across the carapace just below the orbits. The front and the posterior half of the carapace were pinkish (Fig. 39 D). Small specimens photographed live in Singapore, however, show light-coloured carapaces with an irregular pattern of dots, some of which take the form of two spots on the dorsal surface (Fig. 39 E, F). The Indian specimen illustrated by Chhapgar (1957: pl. 11, fig. j, as Eucrate crenata var. dentata) shows two small, round spots on the carapace, but specimens were described as “ bright yellow, with minute red spots scattered throughout. One of the specimens has two black square patches on the outer sides of the gastric region ”. A similar colour in life colour pattern has also been observed among some specimens, including some preserved ones from an unknown location (LACM).	en	CASTRO, PETER, NG, PETER K. L. (2010): Revision of the family Euryplacidae Stimpson, 1871 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Goneplacoidea). Zootaxa 2375 (1): 1-130, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1
03F487A8393D42437D8CFB23F187F934.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Wide Indo-West Pacific distribution: South Africa (Stebbing 1920 a), Gulf of Aden, Persian Gulf, Pakistan, India (Chhapgar 1957), Thailand (Andaman Sea and Gulf of Thailand coasts), China (including Hong Kong), Singapore, Australia (Queensland). Depth: shallow subtidal to 40 m.	en	CASTRO, PETER, NG, PETER K. L. (2010): Revision of the family Euryplacidae Stimpson, 1871 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Goneplacoidea). Zootaxa 2375 (1): 1-130, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1
03F487A8393B42487D8CFCD3F141FE21.taxon	description	(Figs. 42 A – E; 43 D – F) “? Heteroplax dentatus ” — Serène & Lohavanijaya 1973: 72 [in key], 73, 98, figs. 178 – 182, pl. 17 [Gulf of Thailand]. Heteroplax nitidas [sic] — Serène & Soh 1976: 23 (part) [Andaman Sea]. [not Henicoplax nitida (Miers, 1879)]	en	CASTRO, PETER, NG, PETER K. L. (2010): Revision of the family Euryplacidae Stimpson, 1871 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Goneplacoidea). Zootaxa 2375 (1): 1-130, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1
03F487A8393B42487D8CFCD3F141FE21.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Male holotype, 7.6 mm × 10.2 mm (MNHN-B 10340) (Fig. 42). Type locality. Indonesia, Moluccas, Ceram, Piru Bay, Tanjung Ani, 03 ° 14 ' 50 '' S, 128 ° 04 ' 20 '' E. Material examined. Thailand. Andaman Sea, Thai-Danish Expedition: stn. 1047 - 8, 05 ° 43 ’ N, 100 ° 13 ’ E, 15 m, 26.01.1966, id. as Heteroplax dentata by R. Serène: 1 feminised male parasitized by sacculinid, 3.8 mm × 4.4 mm, 1 juv. male (ZMUC CRU- 10066). Indonesia. Moluccas. Rumphius 1 Expedition: Ceram, Piru Bay, Tanjung Ani, stn. D 1, 03 ° 14 ' 50 '' S, 128 ° 04 ' 20 '' E, sand with mixed dead shells and dead corals, 23.01.1973: male holotype, 7.6 mm × 10.2 mm (MNHN-B 10340).	en	CASTRO, PETER, NG, PETER K. L. (2010): Revision of the family Euryplacidae Stimpson, 1871 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Goneplacoidea). Zootaxa 2375 (1): 1-130, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1
03F487A8393B42487D8CFCD3F141FE21.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Suborbital border straight, without inner suborbital tooth or median lobe (Fig. 42 E). Outer surface of chelipeds with spherical tubercles (Fig. 42 E).	en	CASTRO, PETER, NG, PETER K. L. (2010): Revision of the family Euryplacidae Stimpson, 1871 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Goneplacoidea). Zootaxa 2375 (1): 1-130, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1
03F487A8393B42487D8CFCD3F141FE21.taxon	description	Description. Carapace (Fig. 42 A) hexagonal, transversely elongated, wider than long (1.3 wider than long in male holotype), anterolateral borders nearly straight, dorsal surface without clear indication of regions; front wide, with shallow median notch, transverse sulcus along margin. Three anterolateral teeth posterior to triangular outer orbital tooth (first well developed, triangular, obtuse tip; second largest, triangular, acute tip; third short, obtuse tip); margin of teeth slightly granular, margin between outer orbital tooth, first anterolateral teeth curved, margin between first, second anterolateral teeth straight. Orbits moderately long (Fig. 42 A, E), nearly as long as front (0.8 times frontal width in holotype); small notch on inner third portion of slightly sinuous, thin, granular (from notch to outer orbital tooth) supraorbital border; suborbital border granular, sinuous, without inner suborbital tooth or median lobe (Fig. 42 E); eye peduncles moderately long (0.4 frontal width in holotype), much longer than corneas (2.6 times cornea length in holotype); large, spherical corneas. Basal antennal article slightly mobile, with small disto-lateral process so that orbital hiatus is closed excluding antennal flagellum from orbit (Serène & Lohavanijaya 1973: pl. 17, fig. A, as Heteroplax dentatus). Posterior margin of epistome lobular; lateral lobes large, with straight margins, separated from median portion by deep fissure; median portion with 3 lobes separated by very weak clefts, with median lobe broadly rectangular. Anterior margin of endostome well demarcated from buccal cavern, endostomial ridges low. Pterygostomian region with coarse granules. Third maxillipeds completely closing buccal cavern; ischium rectangular with deep submedian line; merus relatively square in shape but anteroexternal part angular, rounded, auriculiform; exopod long, reaching to just before anterior edge of merus with long flagellum (Serène & Lohavanijaya 1973: fig. 178, pl. 17, fig. A, as Heteroplax dentatus). Cheliped fingers moderately stout, slightly longer than swollen propodus, distal portion light in colour. Outer (dorsal) surface of carpus, propodus, dactylus covered with large, spherical, mammillate tubercles (Fig. 42 E; Serène & Lohavanijaya 1973: pl. 18, figs. C, D, as Heteroplax dentatus). Inner (dorsal) margin of carpus with large tooth; clump of short setae on anterior margin of carpus, long plumose setae on ventral margin; outer (dorsal) margin of merus with large, obtuse, distal tooth with few, long, simple setae; median portion of ventral surface with 3, 4 rows of large, spherical tubercles. Dorsal, ventral margins of ambulatory legs (P 2 – P 5) smooth, with long, sparse simple setae; dactyli long, slender; P 5 merus long, moderately slender (4.1 mm long in holotype), ventral margin slightly arched, distal end reaches past third anterolateral tooth but not second anterolateral tooth when folded against carapace; P 5 propodus (1.8 mm long, 0.8 mm wide in holotype), proportionally stout, subcylindrical, inner margin fringed with row of numerous short, simple setae, outer margin with scattered long, simple setae; P 5 dactylus (2.2 mm long, 0.2 mm maximum width in holotype) proportionally slender, subcylindrical (Fig. 42 A, B), fringed with short, simple setae. Thoracic sternum (Fig. 42 C, D) wide, thoracic suture 2 / 3 complete, convex; 3 / 4 deep, short, interrupted; 4 / 5, 6 / 7, 7 / 8 interrupted, 5 / 6 complete; median groove on thoracic sternites 7, 8. Sterno-abdominal cavity of male deep, nearly reaching anterior margin of sternite 4 (Fig. 42 D). Press-button of male abdominal-locking mechanism not visible in holotype. Male abdomen (Fig. 42 C; Serène & Lohavanijaya 1973: fig. 180, as Heteroplax dentatus) narrow, slender, transversely narrow (T-shaped), lateral margins of somites 4 – 6 abruptly narrowing from somite 3 to narrow, pointed telson; somite 3 reaching inner margins of P 5 coxae; small portion on each side of thoracic sternite 8 left exposed by closed abdomen, somite 2 transversely almost as long as somite 3 (Serène & Lohavanijaya 1973: fig. 180, as Heteroplax dentatus). G 1 (Fig. 43 D, E; Serène & Lohavanijaya 1973: figs. 181, 182, as Heteroplax dentatus) long, slender, sinuous, acuminate apex, with small denticles; G 2 (Fig. 43 F) less than onethird of G 1, straight, with 2 processes: one long, tip obtuse; second much shorter, tip acute. Male genital opening (gonopore) coxal; coxo-sternal disposition of long penis, protected by concave posterior portion of thoracic sternite 7. Female not examined (female abdomen illustrated by Serène & Lohavanijaya (1973: fig. 179, as Heteroplax dentatus).	en	CASTRO, PETER, NG, PETER K. L. (2010): Revision of the family Euryplacidae Stimpson, 1871 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Goneplacoidea). Zootaxa 2375 (1): 1-130, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1
03F487A8393B42487D8CFCD3F141FE21.taxon	etymology	Etymology. From tuber, Latin for “ swelling ” or “ bulb ”, in reference to the conspicuous, spherical tubercles on the outer and dorsal surface of the chelipeds (P 1) that is diagnostic of the species.	en	CASTRO, PETER, NG, PETER K. L. (2010): Revision of the family Euryplacidae Stimpson, 1871 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Goneplacoidea). Zootaxa 2375 (1): 1-130, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1
03F487A8393B42487D8CFCD3F141FE21.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Photographs and drawings of specimens from Manila Bay, Philippines that were identified as “? Heteroplax dentatus ” by Serène & Lohavanijaya (1973: figs. 178 – 182, pl. 17) clearly show that their two specimens, a male and a female, are referable to the new species. These authors did not realize that their Philippine specimens were actually different from either of Stimpson’s two species of Heteroplax, even after not- ing that H. dentata lacks the coarse cheliped granules found in their Philippine specimens, that the carapace of Stimpson’s H. dentata was narrower than that of the Philippine specimens, and that the conspicuous tomentum on the cheliped meri of Stimpson’s H. dentata was missing in the Philippine specimens. One difference between Serène & Lohavanijaya’s specimens and the holotype is that in their male specimen the cheliped granules were “ less numerous and more worn out ” than in their female specimen, a situation that is evident from their photograph (Serène & Lohavanijaya 1973: pl. 17, fig. B, D, as “? Heteroplax dentatus ”). Two of a number of specimens from the Andaman Sea identified by Serène & Soh (1976: 23) as Heteroplax nitida (the remaining belong to Henicoplax pilimeles n. sp., see above) are also referred to T. tuberosa n. sp. The detached chelipeds of one of the two specimens (a male feminised by a sacculinid, 3.8 mm × 4.4 mm; ZMUC CRU- 10066) are characteristic of the new species. The second, a very small juvenile male, had no chelipeds but both specimens are clearly conspecific and differ from T. dentata because the suborbital border lacks teeth, but possesses a defined median lobe in contrast to T. dentata (Fig. 41 A, B). Although close to T. dentata in the general shape of the carapace, T. tuberosa n. sp. is easily distinguished from its sole congener by the presence of coarse tubercles on the outer surface of its chelipeds (smooth in T. dentata; Fig. 41 E), the absence of the conspicuous tomentum of T. dentata (Fig. 39 D – F; 40 A – E; 41 E), and, as mentioned above, the absence of both, an inner suborbital tooth and a median lobe on each suborbital bor- der (both present in T. dentata; Fig. 41 A, B).	en	CASTRO, PETER, NG, PETER K. L. (2010): Revision of the family Euryplacidae Stimpson, 1871 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Goneplacoidea). Zootaxa 2375 (1): 1-130, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1
03F487A8393B42487D8CFCD3F141FE21.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Andaman Sea coast of Thailand, Philippines (Serène & Lohavanijaya 1973, as “? Heteroplax dentatus ”), Indonesia (Moluccas). Depth: shallow subtidal of at least 15 m depth. Genus Trizocarcinus Rathbun, 1914	en	CASTRO, PETER, NG, PETER K. L. (2010): Revision of the family Euryplacidae Stimpson, 1871 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Goneplacoidea). Zootaxa 2375 (1): 1-130, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1
03F487A8393B42487D8CFCD3F141FE21.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Carapace (Figs. 44 A; 45 A) nearly quadrate, slightly wider than long, dorsal surface granular (T. dentatus) or smooth (T. tacitus), without clear indication of regions; anterolateral borders slightly arched; front wide, straight or slightly bilobed, with small median notch. Two triangular anterolateral teeth with acute tips posterior to triangular, anteriorly oriented outer orbital tooth on outer orbital angle. Orbits (Figs. 44 B; 45 A) moderately transversely long (shorter than front) or long (almost as long as front in T. tacitus); thin supraorbital margin, granular or smooth, with 2 notches; inner suborbital tooth absent (only slightly elevated margin), sinuous median lobe, outer notch on granular or smooth suborbital border (Figs. 44 C; 46 A, G); eye peduncles moderately long, shorter than front, approximately as long as corneas; large, spherical corneas (Figs. 44 B, C; 46 G). Stridulating ridge on pterygostomian region in T. dentatus (Rathbun 1918: fig. 3). Basal antennal article immobile, orbital hiatus is closed excluding antennal flagellum from orbit (Figs. 44 B, C; 46 A, G). Anteroexternal margin of third maxilliped merus auriculiform (Figs. 44 C). Cheliped fingers slender, dorsoventrally flattened, slightly shorter than propodus, light in colour (Fig. 44 D); carpus with acute, curved tooth on inner margin; conspicuous tomentum on outer surface of propodus, carpus (plus anterior margin of merus in T. tacitus; Figs. 44 A, D; 45 A). Dorsal margins of ambulatory legs (P 2 – P 5) meri, carpi, propodi unarmed, dactyli slender, smooth, setose; P 5 propodus, dactylus long, slender, fringed with many short setae (Figs. 44 A; 45 A). Thoracic sternum (Figs. 44 F; 45 B; 46 C; 46 I) wide; thoracic suture 2 / 3 complete, slightly convex (Fig. 45 B); 3 / 4 deep, short, interrupted; 4 / 5, 6 / 7, 7 / 8 interrupted, 5 / 6 complete (Fig. 45 B); median groove on thoracic sternites 7, 8. Ovoid concavity on anterior portion of sternite 1 – 2. Sterno-abdominal cavity of male deep, reaching anterior margin of sternite 4 (Fig. 46 C, I); sterno-abdominal cavity of female with deep, wide depression along median portion of sternite 4 (Fig. 45 B). Press-button of male abdominal-locking mechanism as large tubercle near thoracic suture 4 / 5 (small tubercle present in pre-adult females). Male abdomen proportionally wide, triangular (not T-shaped), telson longer than wide (Figs. 1 A; 44 E); somite 3 only slightly transversely shorter than somites 4 – 6, reaching inner margins of P 5 coxae, fitting under episternite 7 (Fig. 44 G; 46 D; 46 J); small portion on each side of thoracic sternite 8 left exposed by closed abdomen, somite 2 transversely shorter than somite 3 (Fig. 44 G). G 1 long (particularly in T. dentatus, which has long, thin distal part), slender, slightly sinuous, with many small denticles, acuminate apex (Figs. 44 F; 46 E, K); G 2 less than onethird of G 1, apex with 2 unequal processes (Fig. 46 F, M). Male genital opening (gonopore) coxal (Fig. 46 B, H); coxo-sternal disposition of long penis, protected by slightly convex posterior portion of thoracic episternite 7 (Fig. 44 F). Vulva relatively large, ovoid, transversely near median portion of sternite 6, extending across median half of sternite (Fig. 45 B); thick, elevated outer-posterior margin; covered by soft membrane, sternal vulvar cover absent.	en	CASTRO, PETER, NG, PETER K. L. (2010): Revision of the family Euryplacidae Stimpson, 1871 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Goneplacoidea). Zootaxa 2375 (1): 1-130, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1
03F487A8393B42487D8CFCD3F141FE21.taxon	type_taxon	Type species. Carcinoplax dentatus Rathbun, 1893 (by monotypy, gender masculine).	en	CASTRO, PETER, NG, PETER K. L. (2010): Revision of the family Euryplacidae Stimpson, 1871 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Goneplacoidea). Zootaxa 2375 (1): 1-130, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1
03F487A8393B42487D8CFCD3F141FE21.taxon	discussion	Remarks. The proportionally wide, triangular male abdomen of Trizocarcinus (Figs. 1 A, 44 E) contrasts with the T-shaped abdomen of most other euryplacids, a character shared with Nancyplax and Villoplax n. gen. (see Remarks for Euryplacidae). The G 1 is particularly long, with a narrow distal part, in T. dentatus (Figs. 44 F; 46 E), longer than in its congener T. tacitus and all other euryplacids except one (see below). All other characters, however, clearly argue for its inclusion in the Euryplacidae (see Guinot 1969 b: 518). Trizocarcinus peruvianus Garth, 1973, like T. dentatus also described from the Tropical Eastern Pacific region, is being referred to Villoplax n. gen. (see below). Trizocarcinus dentatus appears to be sympatric with V. peruvianus (Garth, 1973), along its southernmost distribution in northern Perú. Both species share a conspicuous tomentum and a G 1 with a long, narrow apex. Other characters, most importantly the shape of the carapace, nevertheless provide evidence of their inclusion in separate genera (see Remarks for Villoplax n. gen. and Table 1). Species included. Trizocarcinus dentatus (Rathbun, 1893) Trizocarcinus tacitus Chace, 1940 The genus is restricted to the Western Atlantic and Tropical Eastern Pacific regions. Species excluded from Trizocarcinus: Trizocarcinus peruvianus Garth, 1973 (= Villoplax peruvianus (Garth, 1973 ))	en	CASTRO, PETER, NG, PETER K. L. (2010): Revision of the family Euryplacidae Stimpson, 1871 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Goneplacoidea). Zootaxa 2375 (1): 1-130, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1
03F487A8393142497D8CFA99F5BBFBE9.taxon	description	(Figs. 44 A – G; 46 A – F)	en	CASTRO, PETER, NG, PETER K. L. (2010): Revision of the family Euryplacidae Stimpson, 1871 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Goneplacoidea). Zootaxa 2375 (1): 1-130, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1
03F487A8393142497D8CFA99F5BBFBE9.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Male holotype (USNM 17462); 1 male paratype (USNM 123310). Type locality. Mexico, Gulf of California, Sonora, off Cabo Lobos, 54 – 137 m. Material examined. Mexico. Bahía de San Ignacio, Gulf of California, 30.03.1980: 1 male, 14.7 mm × 20.2 mm (MNHN-B 20990). – Gulf of California, Albatross, stn. 3017, 29 ° 54.5 ’ N, 113 ° 01.0 ’ W, 104 m, 24.03, 1889: 1 pre-adult female, 10.0 mm × 12.4 mm (USNM 17463); stn. 3035, 1 pre-adult female, 7.3 mm × 8.7 mm (USNM 17464). – Roca Consag, Gulf of California, 31 ° 7 ’ N, 114 ° 29 ’ W 09.05.1982: 1 male, 15.3 mm × 20.3 mm (MNHN-B 20987).	en	CASTRO, PETER, NG, PETER K. L. (2010): Revision of the family Euryplacidae Stimpson, 1871 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Goneplacoidea). Zootaxa 2375 (1): 1-130, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1
03F487A8393142497D8CFA99F5BBFBE9.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Dorsal, ventral surface of carapace granular (Fig. 44 B, C, F, G). Granular stridulating ridge on pterygostomian region (Rathbun 1918: fig. 3). G 1 apex exceptionally long (Fig. 46 E).	en	CASTRO, PETER, NG, PETER K. L. (2010): Revision of the family Euryplacidae Stimpson, 1871 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Goneplacoidea). Zootaxa 2375 (1): 1-130, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1
03F487A8393142497D8CFA99F5BBFBE9.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Trizocarcinus dentatus, which is restricted to the Tropical Eastern Pacific region, shares with the Western Atlantic T. tacitus Chace, 1940, a carapace with curved anterolateral borders each armed with two teeth (Figs. 44 A; 45 A) as well as the other characters that define the genus Trizocarcinus. Its carapace, however, is granular in contrast to the smooth carapace of T. tacitus. The conspicuous, granular stridulating ridge along the pterygostomian region of T. dentatus (Rathbun 1918: fig. 3) is absent in T. tacitus, and the cheliped tomentum (Fig. 44 D) is generally more conspicuous than that of T. tacitus.	en	CASTRO, PETER, NG, PETER K. L. (2010): Revision of the family Euryplacidae Stimpson, 1871 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Goneplacoidea). Zootaxa 2375 (1): 1-130, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1
03F487A8393142497D8CFA99F5BBFBE9.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Tropical Eastern Pacific region from the Gulf of California to northern Perú. Depth: 36 – 126 m.	en	CASTRO, PETER, NG, PETER K. L. (2010): Revision of the family Euryplacidae Stimpson, 1871 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Goneplacoidea). Zootaxa 2375 (1): 1-130, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1
03F487A83931424B7D8CFEA1F69DF8A1.taxon	description	(Figs. 45 A, B; 46 G – M)	en	CASTRO, PETER, NG, PETER K. L. (2010): Revision of the family Euryplacidae Stimpson, 1871 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Goneplacoidea). Zootaxa 2375 (1): 1-130, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1
03F487A83931424B7D8CFEA1F69DF8A1.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Male holotype (MCZ 5646). Type locality. West Indies, Barbados, 272 m. Material examined. Bahamas. Grand Bahama, Gerda, stn. 696, 26 ° 28 ’ N, 78 ° 43 ’ W, 22.07.1965: 1 male, 14.0 mm × 18.0 mm (RMNH D 26876). Florida. Florida Straits, SW of Dry Tortugas, 24.3629 ° N, 83.2277 ° W, F. F. Snelson coll., 9.05.2006: 1 male, 11.5 mm × 15.2 mm (UF 11583). Gulf of Mexico. Oregon, stn. 273, U. S. Fish & Wildlife Service, 1951: 1 female, 23.3 mm × 31.5 mm (USNM 92164). Guadeloupe. Mission ORSTOM, IRPM, SMCB: stn. C 34, off Basse Terre, 16 ° 22.49 ’ N, 61 ° 48.99 ’ W, 405 m, G. Leblond & J. Poupin, 04.1993: 1 female, 20.6 mm × 29.4 mm (MNHN-B 30602). St. Vincent. Pillsbury, stn. 876, 13 ° 18.9 ’ N, 61 ° 04.7 ’ W, 231 – 258 m, 06.07.1969: 1 female, 18.5 mm × 26.3 mm (RMNH D 26875).	en	CASTRO, PETER, NG, PETER K. L. (2010): Revision of the family Euryplacidae Stimpson, 1871 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Goneplacoidea). Zootaxa 2375 (1): 1-130, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1
03F487A83931424B7D8CFEA1F69DF8A1.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Dorsal, ventral surface of carapace smooth, not granular (Fig. 45). Stridulating ridge absent on pterygostomian region. G 1 apex not particularly long (Fig. 46 K, L).	en	CASTRO, PETER, NG, PETER K. L. (2010): Revision of the family Euryplacidae Stimpson, 1871 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Goneplacoidea). Zootaxa 2375 (1): 1-130, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1
03F487A83931424B7D8CFEA1F69DF8A1.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Trizocarcinus tacitus, which is Western Atlantic in distribution, can be differentiated from its Tropical Eastern Pacific congener, T. dentatus, by having a characteristically smooth carapace, not granular as in the latter. Other characters separating the two species are given in the Remarks for T. dentatus.	en	CASTRO, PETER, NG, PETER K. L. (2010): Revision of the family Euryplacidae Stimpson, 1871 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Goneplacoidea). Zootaxa 2375 (1): 1-130, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1
03F487A83931424B7D8CFEA1F69DF8A1.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Western Atlantic from the Bahamas and the Gulf of Mexico to St. Vincent, West Indies. Depth: 187 – 462 m. Genus Villoplax n. gen.	en	CASTRO, PETER, NG, PETER K. L. (2010): Revision of the family Euryplacidae Stimpson, 1871 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Goneplacoidea). Zootaxa 2375 (1): 1-130, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1
03F487A83931424B7D8CFEA1F69DF8A1.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Carapace (Figs. 47 A, B; 48 A) quadrate, slightly wider than long, dorsal surface minutely granular, without clear indication of regions; anterolateral borders nearly straight; front wide, straight or slightly bilobed, with small median notch. One triangular anterolateral tooth with acute tips posterior to narrowly triangular, acute, anteriorly oriented outer orbital tooth. Orbits (Figs. 47 C; 48 B) moderately transversely long (nearly as long as front); thin supraorbital margin, with 2 notches; short inner suborbital tooth, sinuous median lobe, outer notch on granular suborbital border (Figs. 47 C; 48 B); eye peduncles moderately long, shorter than front, approximately as long as corneas; large, spherical corneas. Basal antennal article immobile, orbital hiatus is closed excluding antennal flagellum from orbit (Fig. 47 C). Anteroexternal margin of third maxilliped merus auriculiform (Figs. 47 C; 48 B). Cheliped fingers slender, dorsoventrally flattened, slightly shorter than propodus, light in colour; carpus with acute, curved tooth on inner margin; tomentum long, conspicuous, on outer surface of propodus, carpus, anterior margin of merus (Figs. 47 A; 48 A, C). Dorsal margins of ambulatory legs (P 2 – P 5) meri, carpi, propodi unarmed, dactyli slender, smooth, with conspicuous tomentum along margins; P 5 propodus, dactylus long, slender, fringed with many short setae (Figs. 47 A; 48 A). Thoracic sternum wide; thoracic suture 2 / 3 complete, convex, close to anterior margin (Figs. 47 D; 48 B); 3 / 4 deep, short, interrupted; 4 / 5, 6 / 7, 7 / 8 interrupted, 5 / 6 complete; median groove on thoracic sternites 7, 8. Sterno-abdominal cavity of male deep, reaching anterior margin of sternite 4 (Fig. 47 D). Press-button of male abdominallocking mechanism as large tubercle near thoracic suture 4 / 5 (small tubercle present in pre-adult female holotype). Male abdomen proportionally wide, triangular (not T-shaped), telson longer than wide (Figs. 47 D; 48 D); somite 3 only slightly transversely shorter than somites 4 – 6, reaching inner margins of P 5 coxae, fitting under episternite 7; no portions of thoracic 8 exposed by closed abdomen, somite 2 transversely almost as long as somite 3 (Fig. 48 D). G 1 long, slender, slightly sinuous, thin distal part, acuminate apex, with many denticles (Fig. 48 E, F); G 2 less than one-third of G 1, apex with 2 unequal processes (Fig. 48 G). Male genital opening (gonopore) coxal; coxo-sternal disposition of long penis, protected by slightly convex posterior portion of thoracic sternite 7. Vulva of adult female unknown but, ovoid, transversely near median portion of sternite 6 in pre-adult female.	en	CASTRO, PETER, NG, PETER K. L. (2010): Revision of the family Euryplacidae Stimpson, 1871 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Goneplacoidea). Zootaxa 2375 (1): 1-130, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1
03F487A83931424B7D8CFEA1F69DF8A1.taxon	type_taxon	Type species. Trizocarcinus peruvianus Garth, 1973 (by present designation, gender feminine).	en	CASTRO, PETER, NG, PETER K. L. (2010): Revision of the family Euryplacidae Stimpson, 1871 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Goneplacoidea). Zootaxa 2375 (1): 1-130, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1
03F487A83931424B7D8CFEA1F69DF8A1.taxon	etymology	Etymology. From villosus Latin for “ hairy ”, in reference to the thick tomentum on the chelipeds of the only species included in the new genus, Villoplax peruvianus, and plax Greek for “ plate ” or “ tablet ”, a common suffix also used for many related goneplacoid genera.	en	CASTRO, PETER, NG, PETER K. L. (2010): Revision of the family Euryplacidae Stimpson, 1871 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Goneplacoidea). Zootaxa 2375 (1): 1-130, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1
03F487A83931424B7D8CFEA1F69DF8A1.taxon	discussion	Remarks. The only species included in the new genus, V. peruvianus (Garth, 1973) was described as a species of Trizocarcinus. Although sharing with Trizocarcinus a triangular male abdomen, the new genus departs from the two species included in Trizocarcinus by several characters related to carapace shape (straight anterolateral border each with one anterolateral tooth but arched with two teeth in Trizocarcinus), morphology of the orbits (thin, acute outer orbital tooth and an inner suborbital tooth in contrast to a triangular outer orbital tooth and the absence of an inner suborbital tooth in Trizocarcinus), and thoracic suture 2 / 3 (close to the thoracic margin but broad space between suture and margin in Trizocarcinus) (also see Remarks for Trizocarcinus and Table 1). Species included. Trizocarcinus peruvianus (Garth, 1973) The genus is restricted to the Tropical Eastern Pacific region.	en	CASTRO, PETER, NG, PETER K. L. (2010): Revision of the family Euryplacidae Stimpson, 1871 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Goneplacoidea). Zootaxa 2375 (1): 1-130, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1
03F487A8392C42567D8CFA99F645FA64.taxon	description	(Figs. 47 A – D; 48 A – G) Goneplax sp. — Chirichigno 1970: 61, fig. 150.	en	CASTRO, PETER, NG, PETER K. L. (2010): Revision of the family Euryplacidae Stimpson, 1871 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Goneplacoidea). Zootaxa 2375 (1): 1-130, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1
03F487A8392C42567D8CFA99F645FA64.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Pre-adult female holotype, 13.4 mm × 19.1 mm (AHF 699, now LACM) (Fig. 47 A, B); 1 male paratype, 19.9 mm × 28.7 mm (AHF 705; now LACM) (Fig. 47 C, D). Type locality. Perú, off Paita, 144 m. Material examined. Perú. Off Paita, stn. 106, 144 m, E. N. del Solar coll.: 1 male paratype, 19.9 mm × 28.7 mm (AHF 705, now LACM), pre-adult female holotype, 13.4 mm × 19.1 mm (AHF 699, now LACM).	en	CASTRO, PETER, NG, PETER K. L. (2010): Revision of the family Euryplacidae Stimpson, 1871 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Goneplacoidea). Zootaxa 2375 (1): 1-130, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1
03F487A8392C42567D8CFA99F645FA64.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Carapace with one short, acute tooth on each anterolateral border (Figs. 47 A, B; 48 A). Ambulatory legs with long, conspicuous tomentum (Fig. 48 A).	en	CASTRO, PETER, NG, PETER K. L. (2010): Revision of the family Euryplacidae Stimpson, 1871 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Goneplacoidea). Zootaxa 2375 (1): 1-130, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1
03F487A8392C42567D8CFA99F645FA64.taxon	discussion	Remarks. The holotype, regarded as a female by Garth (1973) is actually a pre-adult specimen where the vulvae are barely visible and closed.	en	CASTRO, PETER, NG, PETER K. L. (2010): Revision of the family Euryplacidae Stimpson, 1871 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Goneplacoidea). Zootaxa 2375 (1): 1-130, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1
03F487A8392C42567D8CFA99F645FA64.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Only known from northern Perú, Tropical Eastern Pacific region. Depth: subtidal to at least 144 m. Genus Xenocrate Ng & Castro, 2007	en	CASTRO, PETER, NG, PETER K. L. (2010): Revision of the family Euryplacidae Stimpson, 1871 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Goneplacoidea). Zootaxa 2375 (1): 1-130, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1
03F487A8392C42567D8CFA99F645FA64.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Carapace (Fig. 49 A) subhexagonal, almost as wide as long, dorsal surface granular without clear indication of regions; anterolateral borders arched; front wide, nearly straight with median notch, transverse sulcus along margin. Two short teeth (second acute, dorsally salient; small third tooth in small individuals) posterior to short, rounded outer orbital angle. Orbits (Fig. 49 C) short, shorter than front, wide, spherical; 2 notches, large, thick inner suborbital tooth, shorter, thick median tooth, outer notch on thick suborbital border (Fig. 49 B, C); eye peduncles short, about as long as cornea (Fig. 49 C); large, spherical corneas. Basal antennal article immobile, orbital hiatus is closed excluding antennal flagellum from orbit (Fig. 49 B, C). Anteroexternal margin of third maxilliped merus auriculiform (Fig. 49 B). Cheliped fingers (Fig. 49 D) moderately stout, slightly longer than swollen propodus, dark in colour; carpus with tooth on inner margin; glabrous. Dorsal margins of ambulatory legs (P 2 – P 5) meri, carpi, propodi unarmed, dactyli slender, smooth, setose; P 5 propodus, dactylus proportionally short, flattened, fringed with many short setae (Fig. 49 A). Thoracic sternum (Fig. 49 G, H) wide; thoracic suture 2 / 3 complete, straight (Fig. 49 G); 3 / 4 deep, short, interrupted; 3 / 4 deep, short, interrupted; 4 / 5, 6 / 7, 7 / 8 interrupted, 5 / 6 complete (Fig. 49 G, H); median groove on thoracic sternites 7, 8. Sterno-abdominal cavity of male deep, nearly reaching anterior margin of sternite 4 (Fig. 49 G). Press-button of male abdominal-locking mechanism as large tubercle near thoracic suture 4 / 5 (Fig. 49 G) (presence in preadult females unknown). Male abdomen narrow, slender (T-shaped), lateral margins of somites 4 – 6 abruptly narrowing from somite 3 to transversely narrow, pointed telson (Fig. 49 E); somite 3 transversely reaching inner margins of P 5 coxae; no portions of thoracic 8 exposed by closed abdomen, somite 2 transversely shorter than somite 3 (Fig. 49 F). G 1 long, slender, slightly sinuous, acuminate apex, with small denticles (Fig. 50 A – C); G 2 less than one-third of G 1, apex flattened, with obtuse tip (Fig. 50 D). Male genital opening (gonopore) coxal; coxo-sternal disposition of long penis, protected by concave posterior portion of thoracic sternite 7 (Ng & Castro 2007: fig. 3 B). Female abdomen relatively narrow, not covering outer portions of thoracic sternum (Ng & Castro 2007: fig. 5 B). Vulva ovoid, with thick borders, extending across anterior portion of sternite 6 close to median axis of thorax (Fig. 49 H); covered by soft membrane, sternal vulvar cover absent. Remarks. This monotypic genus was recently described from specimens collected in the Philippines (Ng & Castro 2007: 45, figs. 1 – 5). It is herein reported for the first time from the Solomon Is. and Vanuatu, which suggests a more extensive geographical distribution. The G 2 has a unique flattened apex with an obtuse tip instead of the two unequal processes characteristic of most euryplacids, with the basal, much shorter process missing (Fig. 50 D). Other characters of Xenocrate are summarized in Table 1. Species included. Xenocrate peculiaris Ng & Castro, 2007 The genus is restricted to the Indo-West Pacific region.	en	CASTRO, PETER, NG, PETER K. L. (2010): Revision of the family Euryplacidae Stimpson, 1871 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Goneplacoidea). Zootaxa 2375 (1): 1-130, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1
03F487A8392E42577D8CFC29F1D7FE21.taxon	description	(Figs. 49 A – H; 50 A – D)	en	CASTRO, PETER, NG, PETER K. L. (2010): Revision of the family Euryplacidae Stimpson, 1871 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Goneplacoidea). Zootaxa 2375 (1): 1-130, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1
03F487A8392E42577D8CFC29F1D7FE21.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Male holotype, 34.0 mm × 39.1 mm (NMCR); 1 male paratype, 39.6 mm × 45.8 mm (ZRC 2008.0428), 1 female paratype, 36.9 mm × 42.2 mm (ZRC 2008.0427). Type locality. Philippines, Bohol, Panglao I., Maribojoc Bay, 100 – 300 m. Material examined. Philippines. Bohol. Panglao I., Maribojoc Bay, tangle nets, 100 – 300 m, T. J. Arbasto coll., 11.2003 – 04.2004: male holotype 34.0 mm × 39.1 mm (NMCR); 06.2004 – 05.2005: 1 male paratype, 39.6 mm × 45.8 mm (ZRC 2008.0428). PANGLAO 2005: stn. L 45, tangle nets, T. J. Arbasto coll., 80 – 90 m, 03.07.2004: 1 female paratype, 36.9 mm × 42.2 mm (ZRC 2008.0427). Solomon Is. SALOMON 1: stn. DW 1823, 09 ° 50.4 ’ S, 160 ° 53.2 ’ E, 82 – 83 m, 04.10.2001: 1 male, 10.5 mm × 12.7 mm (MNHN-B 830609). Vanuatu. SANTO 2006: stn. EP 40, west Tutuba I., 15 ° 33.1 / 33.6 ’ S, 167 ° 16.4 / 16.5 ’ E, tangle net, 125 – 156 m, 18.10.2006: 1 male, 30.8 mm × 36.8 mm (MNHN-B).	en	CASTRO, PETER, NG, PETER K. L. (2010): Revision of the family Euryplacidae Stimpson, 1871 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Goneplacoidea). Zootaxa 2375 (1): 1-130, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1
03F487A8392E42577D8CFC29F1D7FE21.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Dorsal, ventral surface of carapace granular, carapace subhexagonal, with two short teeth on each anterolateral border (Fig. 49 A – C). Orbits short, shorter than front, wide, spherical (Fig. 49 C).	en	CASTRO, PETER, NG, PETER K. L. (2010): Revision of the family Euryplacidae Stimpson, 1871 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Goneplacoidea). Zootaxa 2375 (1): 1-130, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1
03F487A8392E42577D8CFC29F1D7FE21.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Western Pacific: Philippines, Solomon Is., and Vanuatu. Depth: 80 – 300 m.	en	CASTRO, PETER, NG, PETER K. L. (2010): Revision of the family Euryplacidae Stimpson, 1871 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Goneplacoidea). Zootaxa 2375 (1): 1-130, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2375.1.1
