taxonID	type	description	language	source
03F487F1FFBEFFA7FF22F984AA6DF86A.taxon	description	Head capsules of the subfamily is yellowish brown to dark brown or black with black and wide occipital margin. Surface of dorsal head mostly smooth, rarely covered with numerous short setae (Protanypus), or with tubercles (Boreoheptagyia). Third antennal segment annulated with exception of Protanypus. Premandible with 1 – 16 teeth. Mandible with apical tooth and 4 – 5 inner teeth. Mentum variable in shape with 4 (Protanypus) to 23 teeth, rarely without teeth (Potthastia longimanus group). Ventromental plates rudimentary to very large (Pseudodiamesa) (Brooks et al. 2007; Ilyashuk at al. 2010).	en	Chamutiová, Tímea, Hamerlík, Ladislav, Bitušík, Peter (2020): Subfossil chironomids (Diptera, Chironomidae) of lakes in the Tatra Mountains an illustrated guide. Zootaxa 4819 (2): 216-264, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4819.2.2
03F487F1FFBEFFA7FF22F984AA6DF86A.taxon	biology_ecology	Larvae are rheophilic to rheobiontic, but also occur in the littoral zone as low temperature and high oxygen content combined with wave action create conditions resembling flowing waters.	en	Chamutiová, Tímea, Hamerlík, Ladislav, Bitušík, Peter (2020): Subfossil chironomids (Diptera, Chironomidae) of lakes in the Tatra Mountains an illustrated guide. Zootaxa 4819 (2): 216-264, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4819.2.2
03F487F1FFB8FFA1FF22F9B4AD50F8E3.taxon	discussion	This is a new morphotype, not listed in Brooks et al. (2007).	en	Chamutiová, Tímea, Hamerlík, Ladislav, Bitušík, Peter (2020): Subfossil chironomids (Diptera, Chironomidae) of lakes in the Tatra Mountains an illustrated guide. Zootaxa 4819 (2): 216-264, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4819.2.2
03F487F1FFB8FFA1FF22F9B4AD50F8E3.taxon	description	Head capsule brown, area around genal setae with two obvious lighter spots. Mentum striped, with a notched median tooth and 9 pairs of lateral teeth. Median tooth is wider than first lateral, and first lateral tooth is obviously larger than second lateral. Remaining laterals are gradually decreasing. First inner tooth of mandible is as long, or longer (and more robust) than apical tooth (Fig. 10 A). Ventromental plates clearly expanded laterally. Setae submenti arising posteriorly to the base of mentum (Fig. 11).	en	Chamutiová, Tímea, Hamerlík, Ladislav, Bitušík, Peter (2020): Subfossil chironomids (Diptera, Chironomidae) of lakes in the Tatra Mountains an illustrated guide. Zootaxa 4819 (2): 216-264, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4819.2.2
03F487F1FFB8FFA1FF22FF20ABD5FB90.taxon	description	Head capsule yellow to dark brown or brown-black with robust occipital margin. Mentum with single or double median tooth (single tooth sometime with small median notch) and 7 – 11 lateral teeth. Arrangement of mental teeth, however, gives an appearance of 3 – 6 median teeth. Ventromental plates vestigial to well developed. Mandible with one apical tooth and 4 inner teeth. Premandible apically broad with 5 – 7 teeth.	en	Chamutiová, Tímea, Hamerlík, Ladislav, Bitušík, Peter (2020): Subfossil chironomids (Diptera, Chironomidae) of lakes in the Tatra Mountains an illustrated guide. Zootaxa 4819 (2): 216-264, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4819.2.2
03F487F1FFB8FFA1FF22FF20ABD5FB90.taxon	discussion	Remarks: The most characteristic feature distinguishing subfossil Diamesa from other genera is the relatively large number of uniform mental teeth and remarkably wide occipital margin. Identification of larval Diamesa to morphotypes / species is very difficult even in recent larvae (Rossaro & Lencioni 2015). The basic separation of living larvae is based on characters located on the body and follows with those on the head. On the contrary, identification of subfossils is limited to head coloration and few structures, such as mentum and mandible, that are, due to the feeding habit of larvae, often worn. The following species have been recorded in the Tatra Mts.: Diamesa laticauda Serra-Tosio, 1964, Diamesa tonsa (Haliday, 1856), Diamesa vaillanti Serra-Tosio, 1972, Diamesa steinboecki Goetghebuer, 1933, D iamesa nowickiana Kownacki et Kownacka, 1975, Diamesa dampfi (Kieffer, 1924), Diamesa bohemani Goetghebuer, 1932 (Bitušík 2004; Kownacki 2010, 2011). Diamesa remains were not abundant, but relatively frequent, found in about one third of the surveyed lakes. Three morphotypes were distinguished.	en	Chamutiová, Tímea, Hamerlík, Ladislav, Bitušík, Peter (2020): Subfossil chironomids (Diptera, Chironomidae) of lakes in the Tatra Mountains an illustrated guide. Zootaxa 4819 (2): 216-264, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4819.2.2
03F487F1FFB8FFA2FF22F8DCAD51FF02.taxon	discussion	This is a new morphotype, not listed in Brooks et al. (2007).	en	Chamutiová, Tímea, Hamerlík, Ladislav, Bitušík, Peter (2020): Subfossil chironomids (Diptera, Chironomidae) of lakes in the Tatra Mountains an illustrated guide. Zootaxa 4819 (2): 216-264, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4819.2.2
03F487F1FFB8FFA2FF22F8DCAD51FF02.taxon	description	Head capsule dark brown with lighter area around genal setae (Figure 12). Mentum with a single median tooth and 9 pairs of lateral teeth. Median tooth and first pair of lateral teeth are prominent, other laterals are gradually decreasing. First inner tooth of mandible is more robust than second, but not longer than apical tooth (Fig. 12). Setae submenti positioned below the base of mentum (Fig. 13).	en	Chamutiová, Tímea, Hamerlík, Ladislav, Bitušík, Peter (2020): Subfossil chironomids (Diptera, Chironomidae) of lakes in the Tatra Mountains an illustrated guide. Zootaxa 4819 (2): 216-264, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4819.2.2
03F487F1FFB8FFA1FF22FB08AB02FA4B.taxon	description	Head capsule entirely dark brown. Apex of mentum with five tall, prominent teeth, median tooth single, second is taller than first, and 8 pairs of smaller lateral teeth, last one is minute. Mandible with a distinctive shape: first two inner teeth obviously long, second tooth is longer than first one.	en	Chamutiová, Tímea, Hamerlík, Ladislav, Bitušík, Peter (2020): Subfossil chironomids (Diptera, Chironomidae) of lakes in the Tatra Mountains an illustrated guide. Zootaxa 4819 (2): 216-264, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4819.2.2
03F487F1FFB8FFA1FF22FB08AB02FA4B.taxon	discussion	Remarks: The D. bertrami - type described by Brooks et al. (2007) has apex of mentum with 6 teeth, i. e. median tooth is double. Rossaro & Lencioni (2015) report a single median tooth in some specimens of D. bertrami.	en	Chamutiová, Tímea, Hamerlík, Ladislav, Bitušík, Peter (2020): Subfossil chironomids (Diptera, Chironomidae) of lakes in the Tatra Mountains an illustrated guide. Zootaxa 4819 (2): 216-264, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4819.2.2
03F487F1FFBAFFA3FF22FBFFAAADFA78.taxon	discussion	This is a new morphotype, not listed in Brooks et al. (2007).	en	Chamutiová, Tímea, Hamerlík, Ladislav, Bitušík, Peter (2020): Subfossil chironomids (Diptera, Chironomidae) of lakes in the Tatra Mountains an illustrated guide. Zootaxa 4819 (2): 216-264, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4819.2.2
03F487F1FFBAFFA3FF22FBFFAAADFA78.taxon	description	Antennal ratio (length of basal segment / length of flagellum) ˂ 2.5 (Fig. 14). Pecten epipharyngis consists of seven, weakly sclerotized scales. Labral lamellae absent. Premandible with 7 – 9 teeth (Fig. 16). Mandibular seta interna consists of 9 – 15 branches (Fig. 15). All teeth of mentum unicolored, black, fourth to seventh lateral teeth are hardly visible in unflatten mentum (Fig. 14).	en	Chamutiová, Tímea, Hamerlík, Ladislav, Bitušík, Peter (2020): Subfossil chironomids (Diptera, Chironomidae) of lakes in the Tatra Mountains an illustrated guide. Zootaxa 4819 (2): 216-264, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4819.2.2
03F487F1FFBAFFA3FF22FBFFAAADFA78.taxon	discussion	Remarks: Subfossil remains have been recorded only in three lakes. In the Tatra Mts. lakes, the morphotype contains a single species, P. branickii Nowicki, 1873 (Bitušík et al. 2006 a; Novikmec et al. 2015).	en	Chamutiová, Tímea, Hamerlík, Ladislav, Bitušík, Peter (2020): Subfossil chironomids (Diptera, Chironomidae) of lakes in the Tatra Mountains an illustrated guide. Zootaxa 4819 (2): 216-264, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4819.2.2
03F487F1FFBAFFA3FF22FF20ABD5FC0D.taxon	description	Head capsule yellow to brown with dark brown occipital margin. Mentum with single sharp median tooth and seven pairs of lateral teeth. Median tooth is separated from first laterals by a deep V-shaped notch; second lateral lying dorsal to first lateral seems to be partially hidden behind it. Fifth and seventh lateral teeth shorter than sixth. Ventromental plates joined with median and first lateral teeth extend laterally, so only 2 – 4 laterals are often visible. Mandible with 4 inner teeth, apical tooth distinctly larger than first inner toot. Premandible with 7 – 11 teeth.	en	Chamutiová, Tímea, Hamerlík, Ladislav, Bitušík, Peter (2020): Subfossil chironomids (Diptera, Chironomidae) of lakes in the Tatra Mountains an illustrated guide. Zootaxa 4819 (2): 216-264, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4819.2.2
03F487F1FFBAFFA3FF22FF20ABD5FC0D.taxon	discussion	Remarks: Three subequal teeth on the mentum apex, position of the second lateral tooth, and large ventromental plates are distinctive among the Diamesinae. Pseudodiamesa remains are usually very abundant in alpine lakes and the intra-genus determination is very important as larvae of species groups differ in their ecological requirements. Since larvae are morphologically similar, reliable diagnostic can be difficult. Here we follow a combination of morphological differences suggested by Serra-Tosio (1973) and Ilyashuk et al. (2010) and to distinguish two species-groups (P. branickii group and P. nivosa group) that are consistent with morphotypes applied to subfossil material sensu Brooks et al. (2007), i. e. antennal ratio, pecten epipharyngis, labrum, premandible, mandibular seta interna and mentum. Except for mentum, the above mentioned characters are usually missing in subfossils, thus only the morphology of mentum can be used for separating morphotypes.	en	Chamutiová, Tímea, Hamerlík, Ladislav, Bitušík, Peter (2020): Subfossil chironomids (Diptera, Chironomidae) of lakes in the Tatra Mountains an illustrated guide. Zootaxa 4819 (2): 216-264, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4819.2.2
03F487F1FFBAFFA3FF22FA63AF1CF81C.taxon	discussion	This is a new morphotype, not listed in Brooks et al. (2007).	en	Chamutiová, Tímea, Hamerlík, Ladislav, Bitušík, Peter (2020): Subfossil chironomids (Diptera, Chironomidae) of lakes in the Tatra Mountains an illustrated guide. Zootaxa 4819 (2): 216-264, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4819.2.2
03F487F1FFBAFFA3FF22FA63AF1CF81C.taxon	description	Antennal ratio ≥ 2.5 (Fig. 17 A). Pecten epipharyngis is characterized by even number (3 – 4 pairs) strongly sclerotized scales. Labral lamellae present between bases of SI setae. Premandible with more than 10 teeth (Fig. 19). Mandibular seta interna consists of 14 – 24 branches (Fig. 18). Mentum with a lighter median tooth compared to the black lateral teeth; outermost lateral teeth are more visible in unflatten mentum (Fig. 17). However, be aware of the fact that first and second instar larvae of both morphotypes has broad median mental tooth that is lighter than the blackish lateral teeth (Figs 20, 21), thus young instars are not sufficient for morphotype identification.	en	Chamutiová, Tímea, Hamerlík, Ladislav, Bitušík, Peter (2020): Subfossil chironomids (Diptera, Chironomidae) of lakes in the Tatra Mountains an illustrated guide. Zootaxa 4819 (2): 216-264, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4819.2.2
03F487F1FFBAFFA3FF22FA63AF1CF81C.taxon	discussion	Remarks: This morphotype was the most frequent Diamesinae remain in surface sediments of the Tatra Mts. lakes. Its distribution is consistent with the knowledge of the ecology of the nivosa species group. It is more coldadapted than the P. branickii group, which occurs under more moderate conditions (Ilyashuk et al. 2010; Hamerlík et al. 2017). One species of the species group, P. nivosa Goetgehebuer, 1928, was recorded in the Tatra Mts. (Novikmec et al. 2015).	en	Chamutiová, Tímea, Hamerlík, Ladislav, Bitušík, Peter (2020): Subfossil chironomids (Diptera, Chironomidae) of lakes in the Tatra Mountains an illustrated guide. Zootaxa 4819 (2): 216-264, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4819.2.2
03F487F1FFB4FFADFF22FD04AD61FCA5.taxon	description	Head capsule of the subfamily Prodiamesinae differ from that of Chironominae, Orthocladiinae and Diamesinae by large ventromental plates without striae and with numerous and dense setae creating a ventromental beard, often visible even under low magnification (Brooks et al. 2007).	en	Chamutiová, Tímea, Hamerlík, Ladislav, Bitušík, Peter (2020): Subfossil chironomids (Diptera, Chironomidae) of lakes in the Tatra Mountains an illustrated guide. Zootaxa 4819 (2): 216-264, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4819.2.2
03F487F1FFB4FFADFF22FF20AAF7FD99.taxon	discussion	This is a new morphotype, not listed in Brooks et al. (2007).	en	Chamutiová, Tímea, Hamerlík, Ladislav, Bitušík, Peter (2020): Subfossil chironomids (Diptera, Chironomidae) of lakes in the Tatra Mountains an illustrated guide. Zootaxa 4819 (2): 216-264, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4819.2.2
03F487F1FFB4FFADFF22FF20AAF7FD99.taxon	description	Head capsule dark-brown. Mentum striped, with one median tooth and 7 pairs of lateral teeth. Median tooth is subequal to first lateral tooth in size, second lateral tooth is obviously smaller and fused to the first lateral. There is a distinct space between the lighter second and darker third laterals; third to seventh laterals are darker and create a distinct cluster. Ventromental plates are small. Setae submenti situated below bases of mentum. First inner tooth of mandible is as long as apical tooth.	en	Chamutiová, Tímea, Hamerlík, Ladislav, Bitušík, Peter (2020): Subfossil chironomids (Diptera, Chironomidae) of lakes in the Tatra Mountains an illustrated guide. Zootaxa 4819 (2): 216-264, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4819.2.2
03F487F1FFB4FFADFF22FF20AAF7FD99.taxon	discussion	Remarks: Larvae of Pseudokiefferiella are similar to Diamesa and reliable diagnose is based on larval body. Comparing subfossil heads with recent larval material, we suggest that remains of both genera are distinguishable by shape and coloration of mentum.	en	Chamutiová, Tímea, Hamerlík, Ladislav, Bitušík, Peter (2020): Subfossil chironomids (Diptera, Chironomidae) of lakes in the Tatra Mountains an illustrated guide. Zootaxa 4819 (2): 216-264, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4819.2.2
03F487F1FFB4FFADFF22FF20AAF7FD99.taxon	biology_ecology	Subfossil remains were recorded in small number of studied lakes. P. parva (Edwards, 1932) belongs to inhabitants of cold alpine streams and lake inlets and outlets in the Tatra Mts. (Novikmec et al. 2015).	en	Chamutiová, Tímea, Hamerlík, Ladislav, Bitušík, Peter (2020): Subfossil chironomids (Diptera, Chironomidae) of lakes in the Tatra Mountains an illustrated guide. Zootaxa 4819 (2): 216-264, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4819.2.2
03F487F1FFB4FFAEFF22FC18AEA9FE72.taxon	description	Mentum consisting of 2 low median teeth and 8 pairs of lateral teeth; first lateral tooth high, trifid and fifth lateral teeth higher than fourth and sixth, respectivelly. Ventromental plates long and broad with long beard exceeding the edge of the head, well visible under lower magnification. Mandible with one apical tooth and 4 inner teeth. Remarks: The unique shape of mentum together with well-developed ventromental plates bearing dense and long beard distinguish this morphotype from other chironomids. Recently, P. olivacea (Meigen, 1818) has been recorded in the Tatra Mts. lakes (Bitušík et al. 2006 a; Novikmec et al. 2015). Remains were collected rarely in small number of lakes at lower altitude. Morphology of the mouthparts correspond to description of P. olivacea in the current taxonomic literature (e. g. Schmid 1993, Saether & Andersen 2013).	en	Chamutiová, Tímea, Hamerlík, Ladislav, Bitušík, Peter (2020): Subfossil chironomids (Diptera, Chironomidae) of lakes in the Tatra Mountains an illustrated guide. Zootaxa 4819 (2): 216-264, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4819.2.2
03F487F1FFB7FFAEFF22FC41AC1CF962.taxon	discussion	Remarks: Important diagnostic features to distinguish heads of mature larvae from other Tanypodinae genera include segmented maxillary palp, thorn-like projections on occipital margin and unequal-sized teeth of pecten hypopharyngis. However, some of these structures occure in Zavrelimyia (s. str.), which has thorn like projection on occipital margin, and Zavrelimyia (Paramerina) that has segmented basal segment of maxillary palp (always 2 segments). Central European species of Ablabesmyia can be distinguished from these taxa by moderately to strongly concave row of ligula teeth, which is straight in Zavrelimyia (s. str.) and its subgenus Paramerina). It is present only in small Tatra Mts. lakes / ponds of low altitudes and relatively high trophy (Novikmec et al. 2015; Hamerlík et al. 2017). Remains of the genus were only recorded in small amounts in eight surveyed lakes / ponds located mostly in coniferous forest zone at lower altitude.	en	Chamutiová, Tímea, Hamerlík, Ladislav, Bitušík, Peter (2020): Subfossil chironomids (Diptera, Chironomidae) of lakes in the Tatra Mountains an illustrated guide. Zootaxa 4819 (2): 216-264, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4819.2.2
03F487F1FFB7FFAEFF22FE6DAB2BFC5E.taxon	description	Head capsules of the subfamily Tanypodinae can be distinguished from the other subfamilies at first glance. The most obvious feature, unique for this subfamily, is the presence of ligula and a pair of paraligulae at each side of the base of the ligula. Another typical feature is the absence of distinct mentum and ventromental plates. If toothed dorsomentum present, it is less notable and of different shape as in other subfamilies (Fig. 3). Mandible curved, tapered towards apex into dark apical tooth with one (rarely more) inner teeth. Distal part of mola swollen into lobe appearing as a large tooth (in older literature called also basal tooth (Fittkau & Roback 1983). Features used to distinguish morphotypes are mainly number of teeth, shape and colour of ligula, presence / absence of dorsomental teeth and the shape and colour of occipital margin. Unfortunately, in the subfossil material ligula (and frequently also other structures important for identification) is often missing. In that case, position of cephalic setae and sensory pores can be used for generic diagnosis. Our manual does not focus on this character, but there is a relatively extensive literature dealing with it (see Kowalyk 1985; Rieradevall & Brooks 2001; Brooks et al. 2007; Cranston & Epler 2013).	en	Chamutiová, Tímea, Hamerlík, Ladislav, Bitušík, Peter (2020): Subfossil chironomids (Diptera, Chironomidae) of lakes in the Tatra Mountains an illustrated guide. Zootaxa 4819 (2): 216-264, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4819.2.2
03F487F1FFB7FFAFFF22F95DABC9FDE2.taxon	discussion	Remarks: Based on the shape of inner ligula teeth our subfossil Macropelopia remains belong to the nebulosa group. While points of inner teeth are rather straight in larvae of this group, they are distinctly curved outwards in notata - group (see Cranston & Epler 2013). As this diagnostic character seems to be reliable, the morphotype Macropelopia nebulosa - type is suggested. The related genus Apsectrotanypus differs from Macropelopia in having only 4 large and 1 smaller dorsomental teeth (note that younger larval instars of Macropelopia have reduced number of dorsomental teeth), and brown head with light fields around eye spots and median pale stripe on ventral side of the head capsule. In the Tatra Mts. lakes, M. nebulosa has been confirmed (Bitušík et al. 2006 a), however recently Michailova et al. (2014) reported the presence of M. rossaroi in two lakes on the Polish side of the Tatra Mts. Both species belong to the nebulosa - group. Macropelopia subfossils were recorded in ten alpine lakes, generally situated at altitude below 2000 m a. s. l.	en	Chamutiová, Tímea, Hamerlík, Ladislav, Bitušík, Peter (2020): Subfossil chironomids (Diptera, Chironomidae) of lakes in the Tatra Mountains an illustrated guide. Zootaxa 4819 (2): 216-264, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4819.2.2
03F487F1FFB6FFAFFF22FDDDAB7CFBCE.taxon	description	Large, oval head capsule whitish to yellowish in colour. Mandible slender, uniformly curved with dark black tip of the apical tooth; mola distally expanded to a large, broad tooth with bluntly rounded apex (Fig. 26). Dorsomental teeth (6 – 8) present. Ligula with 5 dark teeth, their apex is blackish brown. Paraligula multibranched with more or less prominent main spine (Fig. 26 A). Shape of paraligula is diagnostic to differ the subgenera Holotanypus and Psilotanypus (Cranston & Epler 2013). Pecten hypopharyngis with 10 – 15 teeth and some smaller teeth in a supplementary row.	en	Chamutiová, Tímea, Hamerlík, Ladislav, Bitušík, Peter (2020): Subfossil chironomids (Diptera, Chironomidae) of lakes in the Tatra Mountains an illustrated guide. Zootaxa 4819 (2): 216-264, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4819.2.2
03F487F1FFB6FFAFFF22FDDDAB7CFBCE.taxon	discussion	Remarks: Procladius remains differ from all other Tanypodinae with dorsomental teeth, in blackish-brown coloration of distal part of ligula and apex of mandibula, and in large, blunt mandibular mola expansion. Detailed survey based on pupal exuviae study revealed presence of two species in the Tatra Mts.: P. (Holotanypus) choreus (Meigen, 1804) and P. (Holotanypus) tatrensis Gowin, 1944. While P. tatrensis is widespread with exception of the coldest lakes, P. choreus was repeatedly found in one, strongly acidified lake (Bitušík et al. 2006 a). Subfossil remains were common in most of studied lakes. All of them belong to subgenus Holotanypus.	en	Chamutiová, Tímea, Hamerlík, Ladislav, Bitušík, Peter (2020): Subfossil chironomids (Diptera, Chironomidae) of lakes in the Tatra Mountains an illustrated guide. Zootaxa 4819 (2): 216-264, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4819.2.2
03F487F1FFB6FFAFFF22FB31AF6DF9AA.taxon	description	Head capsule narrow yellowish-brown, in some species partially dark in proximal part. Occipital margin darker with two thorn-like projections on ventral side (Fig. 27). Mandible moderately curved with long apical tooth and large inner tooth. Mola expanded into large, blunt tooth (Fig. 27). Dorsomentum without teeth. Ligula with 5 brown subequal teeth. Paraligula is bifid. Pecten hypopharyngis with 9 – 15 teeth, inner tooth and some middle teeth enlarged.	en	Chamutiová, Tímea, Hamerlík, Ladislav, Bitušík, Peter (2020): Subfossil chironomids (Diptera, Chironomidae) of lakes in the Tatra Mountains an illustrated guide. Zootaxa 4819 (2): 216-264, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4819.2.2
03F487F1FFB6FFAFFF22FB31AF6DF9AA.taxon	discussion	Remarks: Recently, Zavrelimyia includes formerly separate genus Paramerina as its subgenus (Silva & Ekrem, 2016), which also has basal segment of maxillary palps subdivided always into 2 parts resembling some species of Ablabesmyia. However, arrangement of teeth on ligula in straight row should distinguish Zavrelimyia and Paramerina from Ablabesmyia (with concave row of ligula teeth). For more information see description of Ablabesmyia. Pupal exuviae material from the Tatra Mts. lakes was identified as Z. punctatissima (Hamerlík & Bitušík 2008).	en	Chamutiová, Tímea, Hamerlík, Ladislav, Bitušík, Peter (2020): Subfossil chironomids (Diptera, Chironomidae) of lakes in the Tatra Mountains an illustrated guide. Zootaxa 4819 (2): 216-264, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4819.2.2
03F487F1FFB6FFAFFF22FB31AF6DF9AA.taxon	biology_ecology	Zavrelimyia was the second most abundant tanypod remain mostly occurring in the surface sediments of subalpine lakes.	en	Chamutiová, Tímea, Hamerlík, Ladislav, Bitušík, Peter (2020): Subfossil chironomids (Diptera, Chironomidae) of lakes in the Tatra Mountains an illustrated guide. Zootaxa 4819 (2): 216-264, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4819.2.2
03F487F1FFB6FFA9FF22F915ACC5FEBA.taxon	description	Head minute to large, yellow to brown or brown-black, occipital margin can be darkened, dark brown or black. Antenna not longer than head with 4 – 7 (usually 5) segments (with the exception of Corynoneura, where antennae exceed length of head), third segment never annulate. Labrum and pecten epipharyngis with variable shaped structures (labral setae, labral lamellae) important for identification, however these characteristics usually missing from subfossils. Premandible with 1 – 6 teeth. Mandible with single apical tooth and usually 3 inner teeth. Mentum is very variable, mostly curved, with 3 – 29 teeth; mainly 4 – 6 pairs of lateral teeth are present. Ventromental plates vestigial to relatively large, never with striae; setal beard is present in some genera. Orthocladiinae head capsules can be separated from Chironominae by absence of striate on ventromental plates, and by the eye-spots (if visible), which often are usually contiguous or, when separate with a dorsal eye-spot posterior to a ventral eye-spot. Diamesinae can be distinguished from orthoclads by having annulate third antennal segment (unfortunately, antenna very often missing) generally higher number of lateral teeth and more robust head occipital margin. The most important characters for subfossil identification are shape, number and arrangement of teeth together with the shape of ventromental plates.	en	Chamutiová, Tímea, Hamerlík, Ladislav, Bitušík, Peter (2020): Subfossil chironomids (Diptera, Chironomidae) of lakes in the Tatra Mountains an illustrated guide. Zootaxa 4819 (2): 216-264, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4819.2.2
03F487F1FFB6FFA9FF22F915ACC5FEBA.taxon	discussion	Most of recorded head capsules belong to rheophilic to rheobiontic genera, in less extent to typical lentic and semiterrestrial / terrestrial genera are present.	en	Chamutiová, Tímea, Hamerlík, Ladislav, Bitušík, Peter (2020): Subfossil chironomids (Diptera, Chironomidae) of lakes in the Tatra Mountains an illustrated guide. Zootaxa 4819 (2): 216-264, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4819.2.2
03F487F1FFB0FFAAFF22FE25AD57FE72.taxon	description	Head capsule triangular and yellow. Antenna with 4 segments, second segment divided into small proximal and longer (~ 3 x) distal part (Fig. 28 A). Premandible bifid, weak notch between teeth. Mandible with 4 inner teeth. Mentum dark brown with two long median teeth, a very small tooth usually present in between bases of them, and 5 pairs of lateral teeth. Ventromental plates small, triangular. Setae submenti positioned on the submentum closer to occipital margin than base of mentum (Fig. 28).	en	Chamutiová, Tímea, Hamerlík, Ladislav, Bitušík, Peter (2020): Subfossil chironomids (Diptera, Chironomidae) of lakes in the Tatra Mountains an illustrated guide. Zootaxa 4819 (2): 216-264, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4819.2.2
03F487F1FFB0FFAAFF22FE25AD57FE72.taxon	discussion	Remarks: Larval Brillia is similar to Euryhapsis and Eurycnemus and can be differentiated by details on antennae and labrum, even though these structures are usually absent in subfossil material. However, neither of these genera have been recorded in Slovakia and their occurrence in the Tatra Mts. is unlikely. Two subfossil morphotypes of Brillia can be distinguished corresponding to modesta and flavifrons species groups following Oliver & Roussel (1983). As the valid name of B. modesta is B. bifida (see Moller Pillot 2013), the morphotype is named B. bifida- type. Only one morphotype was found in the studied lakes.	en	Chamutiová, Tímea, Hamerlík, Ladislav, Bitušík, Peter (2020): Subfossil chironomids (Diptera, Chironomidae) of lakes in the Tatra Mountains an illustrated guide. Zootaxa 4819 (2): 216-264, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4819.2.2
03F487F1FFB3FFAAFF22FE6CAC36FD36.taxon	discussion	Brillia bifida - type This is a new morphytype, not listed in Brooks et al. (2007). Head capsule yellow, postocciptal margin blackish. Well sclerotized specimens have distinct brown-black oval patch on the postmentum. Fourth and fifth lateral teeth are adpressed to each other (Fig. 28). Remarks: This morphotype corresponds to B. bifida, the only species from bifida - group known in Europe. It was rare, only found in two surveyed lakes.	en	Chamutiová, Tímea, Hamerlík, Ladislav, Bitušík, Peter (2020): Subfossil chironomids (Diptera, Chironomidae) of lakes in the Tatra Mountains an illustrated guide. Zootaxa 4819 (2): 216-264, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4819.2.2
03F487F1FFB3FFAAFF22FE6CAC36FD36.taxon	discussion	This is a new morphytype, not listed in Brooks et al. (2007).	en	Chamutiová, Tímea, Hamerlík, Ladislav, Bitušík, Peter (2020): Subfossil chironomids (Diptera, Chironomidae) of lakes in the Tatra Mountains an illustrated guide. Zootaxa 4819 (2): 216-264, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4819.2.2
03F487F1FFB3FFAAFF22FE6CAC36FD36.taxon	description	Head capsule yellow, postocciptal margin blackish. Well sclerotized specimens have distinct brown-black oval patch on the postmentum. Fourth and fifth lateral teeth are adpressed to each other (Fig. 28).	en	Chamutiová, Tímea, Hamerlík, Ladislav, Bitušík, Peter (2020): Subfossil chironomids (Diptera, Chironomidae) of lakes in the Tatra Mountains an illustrated guide. Zootaxa 4819 (2): 216-264, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4819.2.2
03F487F1FFB3FFAAFF22FE6CAC36FD36.taxon	discussion	Remarks: This morphotype corresponds to B. bifida, the only species from bifida - group known in Europe. It was rare, only found in two surveyed lakes.	en	Chamutiová, Tímea, Hamerlík, Ladislav, Bitušík, Peter (2020): Subfossil chironomids (Diptera, Chironomidae) of lakes in the Tatra Mountains an illustrated guide. Zootaxa 4819 (2): 216-264, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4819.2.2
03F487F1FFB3FFAAFF22FCA9AA03FA82.taxon	description	Head yellow to light brown with darkened occipital margin. Antenna 5 segmented, never strongly reduced (Fig. 29 A). Premandible bifid with 1 – 2 blunt inner teeth (Fig. 29). Labral lamellae of various shape usually well developed between labral setae SI, but can be vestigial or absent (Fig. 30). Apical mandibular tooth shorter than combined width of 3 inner teeth. Mentum with 1 – 2 median teeth and 5 pairs of lateral teeth, the outermost tooth may be reduced. Ventromental plates usually large, rounded and extending beyond outer lateral mental tooth.	en	Chamutiová, Tímea, Hamerlík, Ladislav, Bitušík, Peter (2020): Subfossil chironomids (Diptera, Chironomidae) of lakes in the Tatra Mountains an illustrated guide. Zootaxa 4819 (2): 216-264, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4819.2.2
03F487F1FFB3FFAAFF22FCA9AA03FA82.taxon	discussion	Remarks: The shape of mentum is often the only character that can be used for the identification of subfossils. Parametriocnemus, Paraphaenocladius, Heterotrissocladius have mentum with double median tooth, and 5 pairs of laterals, combined with large ventromental plates extending beyond the outer lateral teeth without beard. Setae submenti of Chaetocladius are arising under the ventromental plates (Fig. 31) while there are located much higher in Parametriocnemus and Paraphaenocladius (see Fig. 58). The outermost mental tooth is not reduced in Heterotrissocladius. Metriocnemus, Hydrobeanus and Thienemannia have similar menta, however without large ventromental plates and obviously narrower median teeth / tooth. The only Chaetocladius identified to species level from the Tatra Mts. is C. bitusiki Moubayed, 2019 (Moubayed & Bitusik 2019). The morphotype recognized in our material corresponds to Brooks et al. (2007).	en	Chamutiová, Tímea, Hamerlík, Ladislav, Bitušík, Peter (2020): Subfossil chironomids (Diptera, Chironomidae) of lakes in the Tatra Mountains an illustrated guide. Zootaxa 4819 (2): 216-264, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4819.2.2
03F487F1FFB3FFAAFF22FA7CAF26F946.taxon	discussion	Chaetocladius piger - type (Fig. 31) Mentum with paired median teeth, and 5 pairs of lateral teeth, outermost lateral is minute. Ventromental plates are broad and bulbous (Fig. 31 A). Remarks: Head capsules were found in eleven lakes without obvious respect to altitude, however, recent larvae of the genus were typical for lakes and ponds of higher elevations with significant fluctuation of water level (Hamerlík et al. 2017).	en	Chamutiová, Tímea, Hamerlík, Ladislav, Bitušík, Peter (2020): Subfossil chironomids (Diptera, Chironomidae) of lakes in the Tatra Mountains an illustrated guide. Zootaxa 4819 (2): 216-264, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4819.2.2
03F487F1FFB3FFAAFF22FA7CAF26F946.taxon	description	Mentum with paired median teeth, and 5 pairs of lateral teeth, outermost lateral is minute. Ventromental plates are broad and bulbous (Fig. 31 A).	en	Chamutiová, Tímea, Hamerlík, Ladislav, Bitušík, Peter (2020): Subfossil chironomids (Diptera, Chironomidae) of lakes in the Tatra Mountains an illustrated guide. Zootaxa 4819 (2): 216-264, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4819.2.2
03F487F1FFB3FFAAFF22FA7CAF26F946.taxon	discussion	Remarks: Head capsules were found in eleven lakes without obvious respect to altitude, however, recent larvae of the genus were typical for lakes and ponds of higher elevations with significant fluctuation of water level (Hamerlík et al. 2017).	en	Chamutiová, Tímea, Hamerlík, Ladislav, Bitušík, Peter (2020): Subfossil chironomids (Diptera, Chironomidae) of lakes in the Tatra Mountains an illustrated guide. Zootaxa 4819 (2): 216-264, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4819.2.2
03F487F1FFB3FFB4FF22F8B8AB3BFE9E.taxon	description	Head capsule very small (thus easy to overlook), narrow and yellow, often sculpturing on surface. Occipital margin pale to black. Antennae 4 segmented, subequal or longer than head, second and third segments are frequently darkened. Premandible with up to 12 minute teeth. Apical mandibular tooth smaller than any of 4 inner teeth. Mentum with 2 – 3 median teeth and 5 pairs of lateral teeth. Ventromental plates narrow.	en	Chamutiová, Tímea, Hamerlík, Ladislav, Bitušík, Peter (2020): Subfossil chironomids (Diptera, Chironomidae) of lakes in the Tatra Mountains an illustrated guide. Zootaxa 4819 (2): 216-264, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4819.2.2
03F487F1FFB3FFB4FF22F8B8AB3BFE9E.taxon	discussion	Remarks: The unique feature of the genus is the extremely long 4 segmented antenna (often broken off in the subfossil material). Thienemanniella has similar shape of mentum but the 5 - segmented antenna is shorter than head, third segment is shorter than second (while longer than second in Corynoneura); moreover, the head capsule is often pigmented (while usually pale in Corynoneura) without reticulation. Two species, Corynoneura scutellata Winnertz, 1846 and C. lobata Edwards, 1924 were confirmed from the Tatra Mts. lakes (Bitušík 2004). Corynoneura remains were found in lakes covering a broad altitudinal range, missing only in the uppermost Tatra Mts. lakes (Hamerlík et al. 2017). Three morphotypes were distinguished following Brooks et al. (2007).	en	Chamutiová, Tímea, Hamerlík, Ladislav, Bitušík, Peter (2020): Subfossil chironomids (Diptera, Chironomidae) of lakes in the Tatra Mountains an illustrated guide. Zootaxa 4819 (2): 216-264, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4819.2.2
03F487F1FFADFFB4FF22FD19AD12FCC8.taxon	description	Head capsule pale and not reticulated. Mentum similar to above mentioned morphotype, however middle tooth is more developed than in C. arctica - type. Lateral teeth subequal.	en	Chamutiová, Tímea, Hamerlík, Ladislav, Bitušík, Peter (2020): Subfossil chironomids (Diptera, Chironomidae) of lakes in the Tatra Mountains an illustrated guide. Zootaxa 4819 (2): 216-264, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4819.2.2
03F487F1FFADFFB4FF22FE00AFB0FD9A.taxon	description	Head capsule yellow, with strong, clearly visible net-like reticulation. Occipital margin dark brown. Mentum with three median teeth, while middle tooth small, and 5 pairs of subequal lateral teeth. This is the most frequent morphotype in the Tatra Mts. lakes.	en	Chamutiová, Tímea, Hamerlík, Ladislav, Bitušík, Peter (2020): Subfossil chironomids (Diptera, Chironomidae) of lakes in the Tatra Mountains an illustrated guide. Zootaxa 4819 (2): 216-264, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4819.2.2
03F487F1FFADFFB4FF22FC37AC9AFBFD.taxon	description	Head capsule brownish with weak wrinkled sculpturing. Occipital margin dark brown. Middle tooth of mentum strongly reduced, first lateral teeth visibly reduced.	en	Chamutiová, Tímea, Hamerlík, Ladislav, Bitušík, Peter (2020): Subfossil chironomids (Diptera, Chironomidae) of lakes in the Tatra Mountains an illustrated guide. Zootaxa 4819 (2): 216-264, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4819.2.2
03F487F1FFADFFB5FF22FBEFABD5FD2D.taxon	description	Head capsule yellow to blackish brown, occipital margin pale to black. Antenna usually 5 - segmented. Premandible with one, rarely two apical teeth. Mandible with short apical tooth (shorter than combined width of inner teeth) and 3 inner teeth. Outer margin is usually crenulated, sometimes smooth. Mentum with one median, and usually 6 (rarely 5 or 7) lateral teeth. Ventromental plates narrow.	en	Chamutiová, Tímea, Hamerlík, Ladislav, Bitušík, Peter (2020): Subfossil chironomids (Diptera, Chironomidae) of lakes in the Tatra Mountains an illustrated guide. Zootaxa 4819 (2): 216-264, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4819.2.2
03F487F1FFADFFB5FF22FBEFABD5FD2D.taxon	discussion	Remarks: Cricotopus larvae are extremely similar to Orthocladius and Paratrichocladius (recently placed within Cricotopus as subgenus, Cranston & Krosch, 2015). Tuft of setae on the body segments of most species can distinguish Cricotopus from Orthocladius, however this feature is inapplicable in subfossil material, and the same goes for characters on antennae (Andersen et al. 2013 b). In general, the following characters seem to be more typical for Cricotopus than Orthocladius (though can be present in some Orthocladius as well): outer margin of mandible strongly crenulated, second lateral tooth smaller than first one and / or reduced and fused to first lateral tooth, and outer four lateral teeth forming a distinct group. Brooks et al. (2007) state that lateral teeth of Cricotopus are usually more rounded and pointed apically and the median tooth is relatively narrow, while in general, Orthocladius have lateral teeth more rectangular and median tooth can be broad (> 3 times broader than first lateral). Paratrichocladius is usually distinguished by having the first lateral tooth of the mentum constricted at base so that broader in the middle than at the base. This tooth of Cricotopus and Orthocladius is widest at the base. Cuppen & Tempelman (2018) have proposed a key to recognize Cricotopus subgenera that may be applied to sub-fossil remains. Subgenus Isocladius: Median mental tooth usually rounded, triangular in shape, always <2.5 times as wide as first lateral tooth; second lateral mental tooth strongly reduced and for the largest part fused with the first lateral tooth. Subgenus Cricotopus: Median mental tooth of varying size, either small or up to 3 or 4 times as wide as first lateral tooth, second lateral not reduced (e. g. Fig. 39). Up to date, Cricotopus (Cricotopus) pilosellus Brundin 1956, Cricotopus (Isocladius) perniger (Zettrestedt, 1850) and C. (I.) cf. tricinctus (Meigen, 1818) were identified from pupal exuviae material (Bitušík 2004; Bitušík et al. 2006 a).	en	Chamutiová, Tímea, Hamerlík, Ladislav, Bitušík, Peter (2020): Subfossil chironomids (Diptera, Chironomidae) of lakes in the Tatra Mountains an illustrated guide. Zootaxa 4819 (2): 216-264, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4819.2.2
03F487F1FFADFFB5FF22FBEFABD5FD2D.taxon	biology_ecology	Cricotopus was relatively frequently recorded from the lakes situated at lower altitudes.	en	Chamutiová, Tímea, Hamerlík, Ladislav, Bitušík, Peter (2020): Subfossil chironomids (Diptera, Chironomidae) of lakes in the Tatra Mountains an illustrated guide. Zootaxa 4819 (2): 216-264, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4819.2.2
03F487F1FFADFFB5FF22FBEFABD5FD2D.taxon	discussion	Five morphotypes were recognized, three of them are not listed in Brooks et al. (2007).	en	Chamutiová, Tímea, Hamerlík, Ladislav, Bitušík, Peter (2020): Subfossil chironomids (Diptera, Chironomidae) of lakes in the Tatra Mountains an illustrated guide. Zootaxa 4819 (2): 216-264, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4819.2.2
03F487F1FFACFFB6FF22F8C3AAE8FF2E.taxon	discussion	This is a new morphotype, not listed in Brooks et al. (2007).	en	Chamutiová, Tímea, Hamerlík, Ladislav, Bitušík, Peter (2020): Subfossil chironomids (Diptera, Chironomidae) of lakes in the Tatra Mountains an illustrated guide. Zootaxa 4819 (2): 216-264, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4819.2.2
03F487F1FFACFFB6FF22F8C3AAE8FF2E.taxon	description	Head capsule light brown to yellow in colour. Mentum rather horizontal in shape, all teeth brown. Single median tooth, about 1.5 times width of first lateral tooth; first lateral teeth obviously rounded. Second lateral tooth reduced and partly fused to first lateral. Setae submenti situated below the bases of mentum.	en	Chamutiová, Tímea, Hamerlík, Ladislav, Bitušík, Peter (2020): Subfossil chironomids (Diptera, Chironomidae) of lakes in the Tatra Mountains an illustrated guide. Zootaxa 4819 (2): 216-264, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4819.2.2
03F487F1FFACFFB5FF22F9E8AD40F8D6.taxon	discussion	This is a new morphotype, not listed in Brooks et al. (2007).	en	Chamutiová, Tímea, Hamerlík, Ladislav, Bitušík, Peter (2020): Subfossil chironomids (Diptera, Chironomidae) of lakes in the Tatra Mountains an illustrated guide. Zootaxa 4819 (2): 216-264, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4819.2.2
03F487F1FFACFFB5FF22F9E8AD40F8D6.taxon	description	Head capsule dark brown with black occipital margin and mandibular teeth. Teeth of mentum dark brown to black in colour; single narrow median tooth, equal to or only slightly wider than the first lateral tooth. Mandible with crenulated outer margin. Premandible with single tooth.	en	Chamutiová, Tímea, Hamerlík, Ladislav, Bitušík, Peter (2020): Subfossil chironomids (Diptera, Chironomidae) of lakes in the Tatra Mountains an illustrated guide. Zootaxa 4819 (2): 216-264, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4819.2.2
03F487F1FFACFFB5FF22FCA8ACE0FC32.taxon	description	Head capsule yellow with dark brown occipital margin. Mentum with single broad median tooth taller than the first lateral tooth. Second lateral tooth minute and fused to the first lateral. Median tooth and first two laterals form a distinct group separated from the other laterals.	en	Chamutiová, Tímea, Hamerlík, Ladislav, Bitušík, Peter (2020): Subfossil chironomids (Diptera, Chironomidae) of lakes in the Tatra Mountains an illustrated guide. Zootaxa 4819 (2): 216-264, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4819.2.2
03F487F1FFACFFB5FF22FBA7AA4EFB6D.taxon	description	Head capsule jellow to light brown. Mentum with very large rounded median tooth and 6 pairs of lateral teeth. Second lateral tooth is small and fused to the first one. Premandible apically bifid.	en	Chamutiová, Tímea, Hamerlík, Ladislav, Bitušík, Peter (2020): Subfossil chironomids (Diptera, Chironomidae) of lakes in the Tatra Mountains an illustrated guide. Zootaxa 4819 (2): 216-264, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4819.2.2
03F487F1FFACFFB5FF22FB69AA0FF9EC.taxon	discussion	This is a new morphotype, not listed in Brooks et al. (2007).	en	Chamutiová, Tímea, Hamerlík, Ladislav, Bitušík, Peter (2020): Subfossil chironomids (Diptera, Chironomidae) of lakes in the Tatra Mountains an illustrated guide. Zootaxa 4819 (2): 216-264, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4819.2.2
03F487F1FFACFFB5FF22FB69AA0FF9EC.taxon	description	Head capsule light brown with dark brown occipital margin and mandibular teeth. Mentum triangular in shape with a single median tooth up to 2 times width of first lateral tooth. First lateral tooth of the mentum is clearly rounded, wider in the middle than at the base. Remainder of lateral teeth pointed. First inner tooth of the mandible large, noticeably broader than apical tooth, but not taller (Fig. 37); outer margin of mandible smooth or only with a vague indication of crenulation. Setae submenti positioned between the bases of ventromental plates. Premandible with one apical tooth (however, there may be a faint indication of a notch) (Fig. 38).	en	Chamutiová, Tímea, Hamerlík, Ladislav, Bitušík, Peter (2020): Subfossil chironomids (Diptera, Chironomidae) of lakes in the Tatra Mountains an illustrated guide. Zootaxa 4819 (2): 216-264, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4819.2.2
03F487F1FFAEFFB7FF22FF20AEBAFE29.taxon	discussion	Remarks: The unique shape of mentum with long beard is distinctive for the genus. Diplocladius cultriger Kieffer, 1908, is the only species known in the Holarctic. It was found in one lake of our lake set.	en	Chamutiová, Tímea, Hamerlík, Ladislav, Bitušík, Peter (2020): Subfossil chironomids (Diptera, Chironomidae) of lakes in the Tatra Mountains an illustrated guide. Zootaxa 4819 (2): 216-264, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4819.2.2
03F487F1FFAEFFB1FF22F895AB0CFE9A.taxon	discussion	This is a new morphotype, not listed in Brooks et al. (2007).	en	Chamutiová, Tímea, Hamerlík, Ladislav, Bitušík, Peter (2020): Subfossil chironomids (Diptera, Chironomidae) of lakes in the Tatra Mountains an illustrated guide. Zootaxa 4819 (2): 216-264, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4819.2.2
03F487F1FFAEFFB1FF22F895AB0CFE9A.taxon	description	Head capsule dark brown. Mentum with two median teeth and 5 pairs of equidistant lateral teeth. Brooks et al. (2007) present only one Eukiefferiella morphotype with double median tooth, E. claripennis - type, which differs in some minor but obvious features from the type found in the Tatra Mts. In our case the median teeth are well-sepa rated and broader then the first lateral teeth that are clearly separated from the median teeth with a deep notch; in Brooks et al. (2007), median teeth are narrow and weakly separated, and first lateral teeth are appressed to medians. The former reminds E. rectangularis group, recently placed to Tokunagaia rectangularis group. We assume that our morphotype represents this taxon occurring in cold springs (Bitušík 2000) and lakes (Hamerlík et al. 2017) in the High Tatra Mts. and sediment cores from the high alpine Nižné Terianske pleso lake (Bitušík & Kubovčík 1999). To distinguish the two morphotypes, we named the one recorded in the Tatra Mts. lakes E. claripennis - type B.	en	Chamutiová, Tímea, Hamerlík, Ladislav, Bitušík, Peter (2020): Subfossil chironomids (Diptera, Chironomidae) of lakes in the Tatra Mountains an illustrated guide. Zootaxa 4819 (2): 216-264, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4819.2.2
03F487F1FFAEFFB7FF22F991AB11F92B.taxon	discussion	This is a new morphotype, not listed in Brooks et al. (2007).	en	Chamutiová, Tímea, Hamerlík, Ladislav, Bitušík, Peter (2020): Subfossil chironomids (Diptera, Chironomidae) of lakes in the Tatra Mountains an illustrated guide. Zootaxa 4819 (2): 216-264, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4819.2.2
03F487F1FFAEFFB7FF22F991AB11F92B.taxon	description	Head capsule brown. Mentum with a single median tooth, about 2.0 times width of first lateral tooth. Second lateral tooth pressed to first lateral leaving obvious gap between it and group of three outermost lateral teeth.	en	Chamutiová, Tímea, Hamerlík, Ladislav, Bitušík, Peter (2020): Subfossil chironomids (Diptera, Chironomidae) of lakes in the Tatra Mountains an illustrated guide. Zootaxa 4819 (2): 216-264, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4819.2.2
03F487F1FFAEFFB7FF22FD94ABD5FA28.taxon	description	Head capsule narrow, yellow to dark brown. Occipital margin darkened, broad. Antenna with 4 – 5 segments, premandible broad with one apical tooth. Mandible with 3 – 4 inner teeth, apical tooth shorter than combined width of inner teeth; mola with 1 – 5 spines. Mentum striped, with 1 or 2 median and 4 – 5 lateral teeth. Ventromental plates are narrow, creating an appearance of a dark triangle below the last lateral tooth of mentum.	en	Chamutiová, Tímea, Hamerlík, Ladislav, Bitušík, Peter (2020): Subfossil chironomids (Diptera, Chironomidae) of lakes in the Tatra Mountains an illustrated guide. Zootaxa 4819 (2): 216-264, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4819.2.2
03F487F1FFAEFFB7FF22FD94ABD5FA28.taxon	discussion	Remarks: Eukiefferiella is very similar to Tvetenia and the most reliable character separating their subfossils is the position of setae submenti that are close to the base of the mentum in Eukiefferiella but well below the mentum in Tvetenia. Moreover, head capsule of Tvetenia is usually pale, while head capsule of Eukiefferiella is light brown to dark brown (Schmid 1993).	en	Chamutiová, Tímea, Hamerlík, Ladislav, Bitušík, Peter (2020): Subfossil chironomids (Diptera, Chironomidae) of lakes in the Tatra Mountains an illustrated guide. Zootaxa 4819 (2): 216-264, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4819.2.2
03F487F1FFAEFFB7FF22FD94ABD5FA28.taxon	biology_ecology	Subfossil remains occurred relatively frequently in lakes situated at lower altitudes, especially in lakes with strong inlet stream.	en	Chamutiová, Tímea, Hamerlík, Ladislav, Bitušík, Peter (2020): Subfossil chironomids (Diptera, Chironomidae) of lakes in the Tatra Mountains an illustrated guide. Zootaxa 4819 (2): 216-264, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4819.2.2
03F487F1FFAEFFB7FF22FD94ABD5FA28.taxon	description	Four morphotypes were distinguished.	en	Chamutiová, Tímea, Hamerlík, Ladislav, Bitušík, Peter (2020): Subfossil chironomids (Diptera, Chironomidae) of lakes in the Tatra Mountains an illustrated guide. Zootaxa 4819 (2): 216-264, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4819.2.2
03F487F1FFA8FFB1FF22FE07AC19FDCF.taxon	description	Dark brown head capsule. Strongly pigmented mentum with a single broad median tooth, 2 – 3 times width of first lateral tooth and 4 pairs of lateral teeth.	en	Chamutiová, Tímea, Hamerlík, Ladislav, Bitušík, Peter (2020): Subfossil chironomids (Diptera, Chironomidae) of lakes in the Tatra Mountains an illustrated guide. Zootaxa 4819 (2): 216-264, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4819.2.2
03F487F1FFA8FFB1FF22FD34AFDAFCFC.taxon	description	Head capsule brown. Mentum with a single, broad median tooth more than 4 times width of first lateral tooth and 5 pairs of lateral teeth.	en	Chamutiová, Tímea, Hamerlík, Ladislav, Bitušík, Peter (2020): Subfossil chironomids (Diptera, Chironomidae) of lakes in the Tatra Mountains an illustrated guide. Zootaxa 4819 (2): 216-264, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4819.2.2
03F487F1FFA8FFB1FF22FCE0AAE0FB0F.taxon	description	Head capsule yellow to light brown, occipital margin pale or darkened. Antenna with 5 segments of variable lengths. Premandible with 3 teeth. Apical mandibular tooth shorter than combined width of 3 inner teeth. Mentum dark brown with paired, relatively broad and rounded median teeth and 4 pairs of lateral teeth gradually decreasing in size. Ventromental plates distinct, sclerotized, not extending beyond outer lateral tooth, reminding ears and visible at the first sight (Fig. 47).	en	Chamutiová, Tímea, Hamerlík, Ladislav, Bitušík, Peter (2020): Subfossil chironomids (Diptera, Chironomidae) of lakes in the Tatra Mountains an illustrated guide. Zootaxa 4819 (2): 216-264, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4819.2.2
03F487F1FFA8FFB1FF22FCE0AAE0FB0F.taxon	discussion	Remarks: Without body and antennae, larval Gymnometriocnemus virtually cannot be distinguished from Bryophaenocladius. Bryophaenocladius muscicola (Kieffer, 1906) and B. cf. subvernalis (Edwards, 1929) are known from the Tatra Mts. lakes (Bitušík 2004).	en	Chamutiová, Tímea, Hamerlík, Ladislav, Bitušík, Peter (2020): Subfossil chironomids (Diptera, Chironomidae) of lakes in the Tatra Mountains an illustrated guide. Zootaxa 4819 (2): 216-264, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4819.2.2
03F487F1FFA8FFB1FF22FCE0AAE0FB0F.taxon	biology_ecology	Subfossils were recorded in low abundance but relatively frequently in the studied lakes.	en	Chamutiová, Tímea, Hamerlík, Ladislav, Bitušík, Peter (2020): Subfossil chironomids (Diptera, Chironomidae) of lakes in the Tatra Mountains an illustrated guide. Zootaxa 4819 (2): 216-264, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4819.2.2
03F487F1FFA8FFB1FF22FAF4AD35F801.taxon	discussion	Remarks: Heterotrissocladius is similar to Paratrissocladius, however the latter has 4 lateral mental teeth. Subfossil remains without antennae and labro-epipharyngeal region could be confused with Psectrocladius and Chaetocladius that have distinct ventromental plates. However, the outmost lateral tooth is usually reduced in Chaetocladius, and ventromental plates of obviously triangular shape with weak beard in Psectrocladius. One morphotype was distinguished. Heterotrissocladius marcidus - type (Fig. 50) Mentum with two median teeth. Submentum entirely pigmented, darker than the rest of the head capsule. Remarks: Heterotrissocladius marcidus (Walker, 1856) is the only known species in the Tatra Mts. lakes, and it is considered to be the most common chironomid inhabiting the Tatra Mts. lakes (Bitušík et al. 2006 a). Subfossil remains were abundant in most of the studied lakes.	en	Chamutiová, Tímea, Hamerlík, Ladislav, Bitušík, Peter (2020): Subfossil chironomids (Diptera, Chironomidae) of lakes in the Tatra Mountains an illustrated guide. Zootaxa 4819 (2): 216-264, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4819.2.2
03F487F1FFABFFB3FF22F8ACAFD0FE0E.taxon	description	Head capsule yellow, occipital margin pale or darkened. Antenna 5 - segmented. Premandible with two apical and two inner teeth. Apical mandibular teeth shorter than combined width of 3 (Limnophyes) or 4 (Paralimnophyes) inner teeth (Fig. 52 A). Mentum with two median teeth slightly higher than first lateral of 5 lateral teeth. Fourth and fifth laterals obviously smaller and narrower than others. Mentum frequently with pale stripes in the median region Ventromental plates widened and sclerotized posterolaterally into rounded dark pigmented plate projecting below outermost lateral tooth and appearing as additional basal tooth separated by notch (Fig. 52 A).	en	Chamutiová, Tímea, Hamerlík, Ladislav, Bitušík, Peter (2020): Subfossil chironomids (Diptera, Chironomidae) of lakes in the Tatra Mountains an illustrated guide. Zootaxa 4819 (2): 216-264, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4819.2.2
03F487F1FFABFFB3FF22F8ACAFD0FE0E.taxon	discussion	Remarks: When mandibles are missing from subfossils Paralimnophyes and Limnophyes are indistinguishable. Shape of mentum with two median teeth and 5 pairs of laterals, presence of stripes resembles Eukiefferiella, however widely separated median teeth and presence of dark brown bulge at the end of ventromental plates is distinctive for Limnophyes / Paralimnophyes. Heleniella has a similar pattern of mentum but unlike Limnophyes / Paralimnophyes the fifth lateral tooth is longer than the fourth and there is a U-shaped gap between median teeth.	en	Chamutiová, Tímea, Hamerlík, Ladislav, Bitušík, Peter (2020): Subfossil chironomids (Diptera, Chironomidae) of lakes in the Tatra Mountains an illustrated guide. Zootaxa 4819 (2): 216-264, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4819.2.2
03F487F1FFABFFB3FF22F8ACAFD0FE0E.taxon	biology_ecology	Remains were found in small number of Tatra Mts. lakes. Generally, the occurrence of Limnophyes larvae, like other semi-terrestrial taxa (in the uppermost lakes) may be indicative for water-level fluctuation in these lakes (Hamerlík et al. 2017).	en	Chamutiová, Tímea, Hamerlík, Ladislav, Bitušík, Peter (2020): Subfossil chironomids (Diptera, Chironomidae) of lakes in the Tatra Mountains an illustrated guide. Zootaxa 4819 (2): 216-264, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4819.2.2
03F487F1FFAAFFB3FF22FDF0AD1CFA4D.taxon	discussion	Remarks: The shape of mentum with lower and narrower median teeth than the first laterals is routinely distinctive for the genus, however, the same pattern of mentum is typical for Thienemannia, so heads of both genera are indistinguishable in subfossil material. However, Thienemannia has not been recorded from the Tatra Mts. Based on pupal exuviae material, two species: Metriocnemus fuscipes (Meigen, 1818) and Metriocnemus cf. obscuripes (Holmgren, 1869) were identified from the Tatra Mts. lakes (Bitušík 2004). Subfossil Metriocnemus remains were recorded rarely. Two morphotypes were distinguished following Brooks et al. (2007). Metriocnemus eurynotus - type (Fig. 53) Head capsule brown. Mentum with two short median teeth and with 5 pairs of lateral teeth gradually decreasing in size, first lateral tooth broader than median teeth. Metriocnemus fuscipes - type (Fig. 54) Head capsule dark brown. Mentum with two short median teeth and with 5 pairs of lateral teeth, first and second lateral teeth longer and broader than median and other laterals.	en	Chamutiová, Tímea, Hamerlík, Ladislav, Bitušík, Peter (2020): Subfossil chironomids (Diptera, Chironomidae) of lakes in the Tatra Mountains an illustrated guide. Zootaxa 4819 (2): 216-264, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4819.2.2
03F487F1FFAAFFBDFF22F9B0ABD5FE44.taxon	description	Head capsule yellow, brown to dark brown, or reddish brown, occipital margin usually darkened. Antenna 5 - segmented (rarely with 4 segments). Premandible with one (frequently notched) or two apical teeth. Mandible with 3 inner teeth, apical tooth usually short, longer in some species of subgenera Euorthocladius and Symposiocladius. Mentum with one median and usually with 6 pairs of lateral teeth, sometimes 7 – 9 laterals are present (O. (Symposiocladius) lignicola has unusual mentum with single elongate median tooth and 2 pairs of lateral teeth). Ventromental plates narrow and short, beard absent (with the exception of subgenus Pogonocladius).	en	Chamutiová, Tímea, Hamerlík, Ladislav, Bitušík, Peter (2020): Subfossil chironomids (Diptera, Chironomidae) of lakes in the Tatra Mountains an illustrated guide. Zootaxa 4819 (2): 216-264, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4819.2.2
03F487F1FFAAFFBDFF22F9B0ABD5FE44.taxon	discussion	Remarks: Subfossil head capsules of Orthocladius with 6 pairs of lateral mental teeth and without beard are essentially indistinguishable from Cricotopus (incl. Paratrichocladius) as mentioned above (see remarks to Cricotopus). The following Orthocladius species have been recorded in the Tatra Mts. lakes: O. (Eudactylocladius) fuscimanus (Kieffer, 1908), O. (Eudactylocladius) olivaceus (Kieffer, 1911), O. (Euorthocladius) rivicola Kieffer, 1921, O. (Euorthocladius) rivulorum Kieffer, 1909, O. (Mesorthocladius) frigidus (Zetterstedt, 1838) (Bitušík 2004; Novikmec et al. 2015). The remains identified as Orthocladius were recorded very rarely in small number of the surveyed lakes. Three morphotypes were distinguished following Schmid (1993) and Soponis (1977), none of them is listed in Brooks et al. (2007).	en	Chamutiová, Tímea, Hamerlík, Ladislav, Bitušík, Peter (2020): Subfossil chironomids (Diptera, Chironomidae) of lakes in the Tatra Mountains an illustrated guide. Zootaxa 4819 (2): 216-264, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4819.2.2
03F487F1FFA4FFBDFF22FBD1AFC1FA87.taxon	discussion	This is a new morphotype, not listed in Brooks et al. (2007).	en	Chamutiová, Tímea, Hamerlík, Ladislav, Bitušík, Peter (2020): Subfossil chironomids (Diptera, Chironomidae) of lakes in the Tatra Mountains an illustrated guide. Zootaxa 4819 (2): 216-264, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4819.2.2
03F487F1FFA4FFBDFF22FBD1AFC1FA87.taxon	description	Head capsule dark brown with black occipital margin. Mentum triangular in shape with weak striation and light brown teeth. Median tooth and first lateral teeth rounded, first lateral narrower at the base. Ventromental plates characteristic: darkly pigmented, extended well below seta submenti, angling inwards apically, with an obvious bulb at the base. Setae submenti positioned below the base of ventromental plates. Mandible with first inner tooth large, outer margin smooth.	en	Chamutiová, Tímea, Hamerlík, Ladislav, Bitušík, Peter (2020): Subfossil chironomids (Diptera, Chironomidae) of lakes in the Tatra Mountains an illustrated guide. Zootaxa 4819 (2): 216-264, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4819.2.2
03F487F1FFA4FFBDFF22FC90AD7FFBE2.taxon	discussion	This is a new morphotype, not listed in Brooks et al. (2007).	en	Chamutiová, Tímea, Hamerlík, Ladislav, Bitušík, Peter (2020): Subfossil chironomids (Diptera, Chironomidae) of lakes in the Tatra Mountains an illustrated guide. Zootaxa 4819 (2): 216-264, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4819.2.2
03F487F1FFA4FFBDFF22FC90AD7FFBE2.taxon	description	Head capsule brown with black occipital margin. Mentum with single median tooth and 6 pairs of lateral teeth, all black. Median and first lateral tooth rounded, median and first laterals are subequal. Seta submenti is located between the narrow ventromental plates, very close to them; 2 setal pores present above each other, a bigger anterior and smaller posterior. Outer margin of mandible crenulated.	en	Chamutiová, Tímea, Hamerlík, Ladislav, Bitušík, Peter (2020): Subfossil chironomids (Diptera, Chironomidae) of lakes in the Tatra Mountains an illustrated guide. Zootaxa 4819 (2): 216-264, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4819.2.2
03F487F1FFA4FFBDFF22FDB0AB03FD2E.taxon	discussion	This is a new morphotype, not listed in Brooks et al. (2007).	en	Chamutiová, Tímea, Hamerlík, Ladislav, Bitušík, Peter (2020): Subfossil chironomids (Diptera, Chironomidae) of lakes in the Tatra Mountains an illustrated guide. Zootaxa 4819 (2): 216-264, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4819.2.2
03F487F1FFA4FFBDFF22FDB0AB03FD2E.taxon	description	Head capsule yellow to light brown with brown occipital margin and mandibular teeth. Mentum triangular in shape with clearly separated teeth. Median tooth with first two lateral teeth lighter than the remaining laterals. First lateral teeth clearly pointing outwards. Mandible with crenulated outer margin, inner teeth subequal in size.	en	Chamutiová, Tímea, Hamerlík, Ladislav, Bitušík, Peter (2020): Subfossil chironomids (Diptera, Chironomidae) of lakes in the Tatra Mountains an illustrated guide. Zootaxa 4819 (2): 216-264, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4819.2.2
03F487F1FFA4FFBDFF22FA74AC2AF802.taxon	discussion	Remarks: Subfossil larval head of Parametriocnemus essentially cannot be distinguished from Paraphaenocladius. If premandibles are present, specimens with two and more than three apical teeth can be allocated to Parametriocnemus as premandible of Paraphaenocladius consists of 3 apical teeth. Limnophyes superficially resembles Parametriocnemus / Paraphaenocladius but it differs from it by having darkly pigmented lobe below outermost lateral tooth, subequal lateral teeth, and weakly developed ventromental plates (Fig. 51). Only one species of the Parametriocnemus genus (P. boreoalpinus Gouin, 1942) was recorded from the Tatra Mts. lakes (Bitušík 2004). Subfossil remains were found rarely.	en	Chamutiová, Tímea, Hamerlík, Ladislav, Bitušík, Peter (2020): Subfossil chironomids (Diptera, Chironomidae) of lakes in the Tatra Mountains an illustrated guide. Zootaxa 4819 (2): 216-264, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4819.2.2
03F487F1FFA7FFBEFF22FF20AC7AFE0E.taxon	discussion	Remarks: The larval head of Parorthocladius and Synorthocladius are very similar, however Synorthocladius has two very long median teeth on mentum, while Parorthocladius three (and not as long). The only known species from the Tatra Mts. lakes is P. nudipennis (Kieffer, 1908) (Bitušík 2004). Subfossil remains were found rarely.	en	Chamutiová, Tímea, Hamerlík, Ladislav, Bitušík, Peter (2020): Subfossil chironomids (Diptera, Chironomidae) of lakes in the Tatra Mountains an illustrated guide. Zootaxa 4819 (2): 216-264, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4819.2.2
03F487F1FFA7FFBEFF22FAA0AA43FA82.taxon	description	Mentum with one very broad median tooth with two small median projections.	en	Chamutiová, Tímea, Hamerlík, Ladislav, Bitušík, Peter (2020): Subfossil chironomids (Diptera, Chironomidae) of lakes in the Tatra Mountains an illustrated guide. Zootaxa 4819 (2): 216-264, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4819.2.2
03F487F1FFA7FFBEFF22FA7CAFCBF9A9.taxon	description	Mentum with single broad median tooth with pair of median nipple-like projections. Only 3 inner teeth of mandible darkened (Fig. 61 A).	en	Chamutiová, Tímea, Hamerlík, Ladislav, Bitušík, Peter (2020): Subfossil chironomids (Diptera, Chironomidae) of lakes in the Tatra Mountains an illustrated guide. Zootaxa 4819 (2): 216-264, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4819.2.2
03F487F1FFA7FFBEFF22F914AAB5F8D1.taxon	description	Mentum with paired median teeth, with a short median projection. All or only 3 inner teeth darkened. If only half of head capsule is preserved, it can be difficult to distinguish this morphotype from P. psilopterus - type.	en	Chamutiová, Tímea, Hamerlík, Ladislav, Bitušík, Peter (2020): Subfossil chironomids (Diptera, Chironomidae) of lakes in the Tatra Mountains an illustrated guide. Zootaxa 4819 (2): 216-264, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4819.2.2
03F487F1FFA7FFBEFF22FDF0ADC1FB3E.taxon	description	Head capsule yellow to light brown, occipital margin pale or darkened. Antenna 5 - segmented, premandible with one tooth. Apical mandibular tooth shorter than or 2.5 x longer than combined width of 3 inner teeth. Mentum with one or two median teeth and 5 pairs of subequal lateral teeth. When single median tooth, then either with one or two nipple-like median projections. Ventromental plates broad, extending beyond outermost mental teeth and forming a noticeable triangle at the apex. Beard consisting of variable number of setae present, but not always visible in subfossils.	en	Chamutiová, Tímea, Hamerlík, Ladislav, Bitušík, Peter (2020): Subfossil chironomids (Diptera, Chironomidae) of lakes in the Tatra Mountains an illustrated guide. Zootaxa 4819 (2): 216-264, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4819.2.2
03F487F1FFA7FFBEFF22FDF0ADC1FB3E.taxon	discussion	Remarks: Psectrocladius is a relatively uniform genus, and subfossil head capsules provide a combination of characteristics that are distinctive: large acutely pointed ventromental plates with beard (beard is often missing in subfossil material), simple premandible, five lateral mental teeth. Recently, 5 species: Psectrocladius (Allopsectrocladius) obvius (Walker, 1856), P. (A.) platypus (Edwards, 1929), P. (Mesopsectrocladius) barbatipes Kieffer, 1923, P. (Psectrocladius) octomaculatus Wűlker, 1956, P. (P.) oxyura Langton, 1985 were identified based on pupal exuviae material collected from the Tatra Mts. lakes (Bitušík 2004; Novikmec et al. 2015). Psectrocladius remains belong to the most common orthoclads in the Tatra Mts. lakes, mostly found in lakes situated at lower altitude. Three types were distinguished following Brooks et al. (2007).	en	Chamutiová, Tímea, Hamerlík, Ladislav, Bitušík, Peter (2020): Subfossil chironomids (Diptera, Chironomidae) of lakes in the Tatra Mountains an illustrated guide. Zootaxa 4819 (2): 216-264, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4819.2.2
03F487F1FFA7FFBEFF22FDF0ADC1FB3E.taxon	discussion	Remarks: Psectrocladius is a relatively uniform genus, and subfossil head capsules provide a combination of characteristics that are distinctive: large acutely pointed ventromental plates with beard (beard is often missing in subfossil material), simple premandible, five lateral mental teeth. Recently, 5 species: Psectrocladius (Allopsectrocladius) obvius (Walker, 1856), P. (A.) platypus (Edwards, 1929), P. (Mesopsectrocladius) barbatipes Kieffer, 1923, P. (Psectrocladius) octomaculatus Wűlker, 1956, P. (P.) oxyura Langton, 1985 were identified based on pupal exuviae material collected from the Tatra Mts. lakes (Bitušík 2004; Novikmec et al. 2015).	en	Chamutiová, Tímea, Hamerlík, Ladislav, Bitušík, Peter (2020): Subfossil chironomids (Diptera, Chironomidae) of lakes in the Tatra Mountains an illustrated guide. Zootaxa 4819 (2): 216-264, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4819.2.2
03F487F1FFA7FFBEFF22FDF0ADC1FB3E.taxon	biology_ecology	Psectrocladius remains belong to the most common orthoclads in the Tatra Mts. lakes, mostly found in lakes situated at lower altitude.	en	Chamutiová, Tímea, Hamerlík, Ladislav, Bitušík, Peter (2020): Subfossil chironomids (Diptera, Chironomidae) of lakes in the Tatra Mountains an illustrated guide. Zootaxa 4819 (2): 216-264, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4819.2.2
03F487F1FFA7FFBEFF22FDF0ADC1FB3E.taxon	discussion	Three types were distinguished following Brooks et al. (2007).	en	Chamutiová, Tímea, Hamerlík, Ladislav, Bitušík, Peter (2020): Subfossil chironomids (Diptera, Chironomidae) of lakes in the Tatra Mountains an illustrated guide. Zootaxa 4819 (2): 216-264, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4819.2.2
03F487F1FFA7FFBFFF22F8E0AC01FE72.taxon	discussion	Remarks: The shape of mentum is distinctive among other Orthocladiinae with exception of Camptocladius, however its larvae are full terrestrial, so their presence in lake sediments is very unlikely. Pseudosmittia could be confused with Pseudorthocladius when its median mental teeth are worn but setae submenti is arising further below outermost lateral teeth compared to that of Pseudosmittia. Only one head capsule was found.	en	Chamutiová, Tímea, Hamerlík, Ladislav, Bitušík, Peter (2020): Subfossil chironomids (Diptera, Chironomidae) of lakes in the Tatra Mountains an illustrated guide. Zootaxa 4819 (2): 216-264, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4819.2.2
03F487F1FFA6FFB8FF22F8D1AD94FE56.taxon	description	Head capsule yellow to brownish, occipital margin pale or darkened. Antenna reduced, with 4 segments. Blade well developed and as long as flagellum (Smittia, Fig. 65 A) or considerably longer (Parasmittia). Premadible with 2 apical teeth and 1 variably developed inner tooth. Mandible with 3 inner teeth and short apical tooth. Mentum with one broad median tooth with projecting nipple (may be domed in Smittia) and 5 pairs of subequal lateral teeth. Ventromental plates well developed, not extending outermost teeth.	en	Chamutiová, Tímea, Hamerlík, Ladislav, Bitušík, Peter (2020): Subfossil chironomids (Diptera, Chironomidae) of lakes in the Tatra Mountains an illustrated guide. Zootaxa 4819 (2): 216-264, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4819.2.2
03F487F1FFA6FFB8FF22F8D1AD94FE56.taxon	discussion	Remarks: Smittia and Parasmittia are indistinguishable in specimens with missing antennae. In the Tatras, only Smittia edwardsi Goetghebuer, 1932 was determined based on adults (Bitušík 2004).	en	Chamutiová, Tímea, Hamerlík, Ladislav, Bitušík, Peter (2020): Subfossil chironomids (Diptera, Chironomidae) of lakes in the Tatra Mountains an illustrated guide. Zootaxa 4819 (2): 216-264, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4819.2.2
03F487F1FFA6FFB8FF22F8D1AD94FE56.taxon	biology_ecology	Remains of Smittia / Parasmittia were recorded infrequently in the studied lakes. As mentioned above (see Limnophyes / Paralimnophyes), presence of subfossils of semiterrestrial / terrestrial taxa such as Smittia / Parasmittia could have indicative value in the reconstruction of water-level oscillation.	en	Chamutiová, Tímea, Hamerlík, Ladislav, Bitušík, Peter (2020): Subfossil chironomids (Diptera, Chironomidae) of lakes in the Tatra Mountains an illustrated guide. Zootaxa 4819 (2): 216-264, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4819.2.2
03F487F1FFA1FFB8FF22FE49ADC0FC7A.taxon	discussion	Remarks: Larval Synorthocladius and Parorthocladius are similar, however the mentum of Synorhocladius has 2 median teeth on its apex. Only one Holarctic species, Synorthocladius semivirens (Kieffer, 1909) is known and it was identified from several Tatra Mts. lakes (Bitušík 2004). Subfossil remains were found rarely, only in two studied lakes.	en	Chamutiová, Tímea, Hamerlík, Ladislav, Bitušík, Peter (2020): Subfossil chironomids (Diptera, Chironomidae) of lakes in the Tatra Mountains an illustrated guide. Zootaxa 4819 (2): 216-264, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4819.2.2
03F487F1FFA1FFB8FF22F9A4AF9EF962.taxon	description	Central median tooth is approximately the same length than the outer pair of median teeth, first inner tooth of mandible as long as apical tooth.	en	Chamutiová, Tímea, Hamerlík, Ladislav, Bitušík, Peter (2020): Subfossil chironomids (Diptera, Chironomidae) of lakes in the Tatra Mountains an illustrated guide. Zootaxa 4819 (2): 216-264, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4819.2.2
03F487F1FFA1FFB8FF22FC65ACD0FA3A.taxon	description	Head capsule yellow to brown, occipital margin dark brown. Compared with other orthoclads (with exception of Corynoneura), head capsule is prolonged in shape and very small, easy to overlook. Antenna at least 1 / 2 but no more than 3 / 4 length of head; 5 - segmented; segment 3 is frequently darkened. Premandible with one apical tooth. Mandible with 4 inner teeth, first one can be longer than apical tooth. Mentum with three subequal median teeth (exceptionally with two) clearly above the 5 pairs of subequal lateral teeth.	en	Chamutiová, Tímea, Hamerlík, Ladislav, Bitušík, Peter (2020): Subfossil chironomids (Diptera, Chironomidae) of lakes in the Tatra Mountains an illustrated guide. Zootaxa 4819 (2): 216-264, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4819.2.2
03F487F1FFA1FFB8FF22FC65ACD0FA3A.taxon	discussion	Remarks: Thienemaniella resembles Corynoneura, which also has a narrow, triangular mentum with three prominent median teeth and long antennae, however, in case of Thienemaniella antenna is shorter than head and with 5 segments. Antennae are often missing in subfossils, but the head capsule is usually darker and always without net-like reticulation on the surface (note that in some Corynoneura species / types reticulation may be indistinct, too). Head capsule remains were found in low abundance in several lakes located at lower altitudes. One morphotype was identified following Brooks et al. (2007).	en	Chamutiová, Tímea, Hamerlík, Ladislav, Bitušík, Peter (2020): Subfossil chironomids (Diptera, Chironomidae) of lakes in the Tatra Mountains an illustrated guide. Zootaxa 4819 (2): 216-264, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4819.2.2
03F487F1FFA1FFBAFF22F95CAFBDFE56.taxon	description	Head capsule yellow to light-brown, occipital margin pale or dark brown. Antenna 5 - segmented, premandible with one apical blunt tooth. Apical tooth of mandible shorter than combined width of 3 inner teeth, mola usually with 2 – 3 spines, some species without spines. Mentum striped, with 1 or 2 median teeth and 5 pairs of lateral teeth. Ventromental plates narrow creating an appearance of dark bulge below last lateral tooth of mentum. Setae submenti arising either well below mentum (in T. bavarica group) or just below bases of mentum (T. discoloripes group).	en	Chamutiová, Tímea, Hamerlík, Ladislav, Bitušík, Peter (2020): Subfossil chironomids (Diptera, Chironomidae) of lakes in the Tatra Mountains an illustrated guide. Zootaxa 4819 (2): 216-264, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4819.2.2
03F487F1FFA1FFBAFF22F95CAFBDFE56.taxon	discussion	Remarks: Tvetenia closely resembles Eukiefferiella, however, some Eukiefferiella types / species can be easily distinguished from Tvetenia if they posses one of the following features: dark, heavily pigmented head (yellow in Tvetenia), very broad median mental tooth (e. i. ca 4 x width of first lateral tooth, which is always less in Tvetenia), 4 lateral teeth (always 5 in Tvetenia). Tvetenia bavarica - type can be distinguished by the position of seta submenti, arising well below mentum while being close to the bases in Eukiefferiella. Species with similar coloration of head, number of lateral teeth and position of seta submenti cannot be distinguished with certainty in subfossils. Tvetenia bavarica (Goetghebuer, 1934) is the only species recorded from the Tatra Mts. lakes (Bitušík et al. 2006 a; Novikmec et al. 2015). Subfossil remains were rarely found in small number of investigated lakes. One morphotype was identified following Brooks et al. (2007).	en	Chamutiová, Tímea, Hamerlík, Ladislav, Bitušík, Peter (2020): Subfossil chironomids (Diptera, Chironomidae) of lakes in the Tatra Mountains an illustrated guide. Zootaxa 4819 (2): 216-264, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4819.2.2
03F487F1FFA1FFBAFF22F95CAFBDFE56.taxon	discussion	Remarks: Tvetenia closely resembles Eukiefferiella, however, some Eukiefferiella types / species can be easily distinguished from Tvetenia if they posses one of the following features: dark, heavily pigmented head (yellow in Tvetenia), very broad median mental tooth (e. i. ca 4 x width of first lateral tooth, which is always less in Tvetenia), 4 lateral teeth (always 5 in Tvetenia). Tvetenia bavarica - type can be distinguished by the position of seta submenti, arising well below mentum while being close to the bases in Eukiefferiella. Species with similar coloration of head, number of lateral teeth and position of seta submenti cannot be distinguished with certainty in subfossils. Tvetenia bavarica (Goetghebuer, 1934) is the only species recorded from the Tatra Mts. lakes (Bitušík et al. 2006 a; Novikmec et al. 2015).	en	Chamutiová, Tímea, Hamerlík, Ladislav, Bitušík, Peter (2020): Subfossil chironomids (Diptera, Chironomidae) of lakes in the Tatra Mountains an illustrated guide. Zootaxa 4819 (2): 216-264, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4819.2.2
03F487F1FFA1FFBAFF22F95CAFBDFE56.taxon	description	Subfossil remains were rarely found in small number of investigated lakes. One morphotype was identified following Brooks et al. (2007).	en	Chamutiová, Tímea, Hamerlík, Ladislav, Bitušík, Peter (2020): Subfossil chironomids (Diptera, Chironomidae) of lakes in the Tatra Mountains an illustrated guide. Zootaxa 4819 (2): 216-264, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4819.2.2
03F487F1FFA3FFBAFF22FE48AC77FD7E.taxon	discussion	Tvetenia bavarica - type (Fig. 69) Head capsule yellow with pale occipital margin. Mentum with two median teeth and 5 pairs of lateral teeth. Setae submenti arising well below mentum.	en	Chamutiová, Tímea, Hamerlík, Ladislav, Bitušík, Peter (2020): Subfossil chironomids (Diptera, Chironomidae) of lakes in the Tatra Mountains an illustrated guide. Zootaxa 4819 (2): 216-264, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4819.2.2
03F487F1FFA3FFBAFF22FE48AC77FD7E.taxon	description	Head capsule yellow with pale occipital margin. Mentum with two median teeth and 5 pairs of lateral teeth. Setae submenti arising well below mentum.	en	Chamutiová, Tímea, Hamerlík, Ladislav, Bitušík, Peter (2020): Subfossil chironomids (Diptera, Chironomidae) of lakes in the Tatra Mountains an illustrated guide. Zootaxa 4819 (2): 216-264, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4819.2.2
03F487F1FFA3FFBAFF22FD61ABD5FA16.taxon	description	Head capsule yellow with brown occipital margin. Antenna with 6 segments, sixth segment vestigial. Premandible bifid apically with one inner tooth. Apical mandibular tooth shorter than combined width of 3 inner teeth. Mentum usually dark with double median tooth and 6 pairs of lateral teeth, first lateral reduced, occasionally with 2 – 3 light coloured median teeth and first and sixth lateral teeth reduced. Ventromental plates well developed extending beyond mentum with fine beard.	en	Chamutiová, Tímea, Hamerlík, Ladislav, Bitušík, Peter (2020): Subfossil chironomids (Diptera, Chironomidae) of lakes in the Tatra Mountains an illustrated guide. Zootaxa 4819 (2): 216-264, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4819.2.2
03F487F1FFA3FFBAFF22FD61ABD5FA16.taxon	discussion	Remarks: Zalutschia is a distinctive genus. It resembles Hydrobaenus which has similar shape of mentum however without beard. Zalutschia may be confused with Psectrocladius due to distinct ventromental plates and beard, however mentum of Psectrocladius has only five lateral teeth. Zalutschia tatrica (Pagast, 1935) is considered to be typical inhabitant of small, acidified Tatra Mts. lakes (Bitušík et al. 2006 a; Kownacki 2011). Recently, larvae belonging to tornetraeskensis species group were found (Novikmec et al. 2015). Subfossil Zalutschia remains were recorded from small number, mostly acidified lakes. Two morphotypes were recognized.	en	Chamutiová, Tímea, Hamerlík, Ladislav, Bitušík, Peter (2020): Subfossil chironomids (Diptera, Chironomidae) of lakes in the Tatra Mountains an illustrated guide. Zootaxa 4819 (2): 216-264, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4819.2.2
03F487F1FFA3FFBBFF22F8D7AEA9FEB9.taxon	description	This morphotype corresponds to Zalutschia type B sensu Brooks et al. (2007), however, Medeiros & Quinlan (2011) pointed out conflicts of this morphotype with numerous other publications and suggest to refere to it as Zalutschia lingulata pauca - type. Head capsule yellow, occipital margin light brown. Teeth of mandible and mentum strongly pigmented, darker than occipital margin. Outermost mental tooth not significantly reduced. Mandible with first and second teeth subequal in size, third tooth markedly smaller. Basal antennal segment longer than flagellum (length of blade unknown, but larvae with long basal antennal segment have blade at most as long as flagellum, see Saether 1976).	en	Chamutiová, Tímea, Hamerlík, Ladislav, Bitušík, Peter (2020): Subfossil chironomids (Diptera, Chironomidae) of lakes in the Tatra Mountains an illustrated guide. Zootaxa 4819 (2): 216-264, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4819.2.2
03F487F1FFA3FFBAFF22F9F7AD99F8F5.taxon	description	Head capsule light brown, occipital margin dark brown. Teeth of mandible and mentum lighter than occipital margin. Outermost mental tooth reduced in size. Inner mandibular teeth decreasing in size, third inner tooth not significantly smaller than second tooth. Head capsules with preserved antenna can be identified further: longer blade than flagellum (Fig. 70 A) indicates Z. tatrica (see Saether 1976, Bitušík 2000).	en	Chamutiová, Tímea, Hamerlík, Ladislav, Bitušík, Peter (2020): Subfossil chironomids (Diptera, Chironomidae) of lakes in the Tatra Mountains an illustrated guide. Zootaxa 4819 (2): 216-264, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4819.2.2
03F487F1FFA2FFBBFF22FE25AEB8FD0A.taxon	description	Head capsules small to very large, usually yellow, brown patches may be present dorsally, submentum may be fully darkened or darker patch may be limited to the part above the occipital margin. Antennae always well developed, 5 – 8 segmented. They arise from rounded protuberances (Chironomini, Pseudochironomini) or on distinct pedestals, frequently with distal spur (Tanytarsini). Premandibles invariably present and well developed, with 1 – 7 teeth. Sometimes median teeth or entire mentum pale or poorly sclerotized. Mandible with several inner teeth and usually with dorsal tooth. Mentum with 9 – 16 dark teeth, median area (ventromentum) maybe visibly delineated from the lateral regions (dorsomentum). Beard absent. Ventromental plates variable in shape but usually well developed and striated.	en	Chamutiová, Tímea, Hamerlík, Ladislav, Bitušík, Peter (2020): Subfossil chironomids (Diptera, Chironomidae) of lakes in the Tatra Mountains an illustrated guide. Zootaxa 4819 (2): 216-264, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4819.2.2
03F487F1FFA2FFBBFF22FCF5AF5AFB3E.taxon	description	Antennae not placed on distinct pedestals, Lauterborn organs not situated on pedicels. Seta submenti situated ventrally, on the opposite side of mandible from seta interna. Ventromental plates variable in shape but with very few exceptions well-developed and striated (reduced only in the Stenochironomus complex). A useful character to separate the genera within Chironomini is the structure of sclerites on dorsal surface of head: frons (frontal apotome), clypeus and labrum. Frons is either discrete or fused with clypeus and forms frontoclypeus (rarely, all dorsal sclerites fused to form frontoclypeolabrum – Stenochironomus). In some genera there is a distinct fenestra (Fig. 78) at anterior frons or frontoclypeus, sometimes reduced to smaller mark, line or area with different cuticle. Anterior margin of frons or fronclypeus can be straight, curved, expanded laterally, sometimes crenulated, or with tubercles on surface.	en	Chamutiová, Tímea, Hamerlík, Ladislav, Bitušík, Peter (2020): Subfossil chironomids (Diptera, Chironomidae) of lakes in the Tatra Mountains an illustrated guide. Zootaxa 4819 (2): 216-264, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4819.2.2
03F487F1FFA2FFBBFF22F8E0AAEEF842.taxon	description	Fourth lateral tooth of mentum shorter than the other laterals. Mandible with two inner teeth.	en	Chamutiová, Tímea, Hamerlík, Ladislav, Bitušík, Peter (2020): Subfossil chironomids (Diptera, Chironomidae) of lakes in the Tatra Mountains an illustrated guide. Zootaxa 4819 (2): 216-264, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4819.2.2
03F487F1FFA2FFBBFF22FAA1AFE2F8FE.taxon	discussion	Remarks: The shape of the three median teeth is distinctive among other Chironomini with exception of Einfeldia pagana - type (Brooks et al. 2007), which has large heart-shape fenestra on frontoclypeus. Recently, two species were reliably identified from the lakes in the Tatra Mts.: Chironomus (Chironomus) striatus Strenzke, 1959 and C. (Lobochironomus) montuosus Ryser, Wülker & Scholl, 1985 (Matěna & Frouz 2000; Bitušík 2004). Chironomus subfossils were found only in acidified Tatra Mts. lakes. Two morhotypes were recognised following Brooks et al. (2007).	en	Chamutiová, Tímea, Hamerlík, Ladislav, Bitušík, Peter (2020): Subfossil chironomids (Diptera, Chironomidae) of lakes in the Tatra Mountains an illustrated guide. Zootaxa 4819 (2): 216-264, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4819.2.2
03F487F1FF9CFF85FF22FF2FAE9BFE71.taxon	description	Fourth lateral tooth of the mentum longer than fifth. Mandible with three inner teeth.	en	Chamutiová, Tímea, Hamerlík, Ladislav, Bitušík, Peter (2020): Subfossil chironomids (Diptera, Chironomidae) of lakes in the Tatra Mountains an illustrated guide. Zootaxa 4819 (2): 216-264, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4819.2.2
03F487F1FF9CFF85FF22FF2FAE9BFE71.taxon	discussion	In our material, however, there are also individuals combining the plumosus - type mentum with anthracinus type mandible and the other way around (Fig. 73 and 75). In this case, the shape of the mentum should be indicative for the type. Considering the great amount of Chironomus species, more study is needed to define more morphotypes.	en	Chamutiová, Tímea, Hamerlík, Ladislav, Bitušík, Peter (2020): Subfossil chironomids (Diptera, Chironomidae) of lakes in the Tatra Mountains an illustrated guide. Zootaxa 4819 (2): 216-264, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4819.2.2
03F487F1FF9CFF85FF22FE6CAD60FC5D.taxon	description	Head capsule light, greyish with brownish patch on submentum, occipital margin dark brown. Antenna with 5 segments, premandible bifid. Dorsal tooth on mandible absent, 1 – 2 flat inner teeth present. Mentum with usually double median tooth (or at least notched medially) and 7 pairs of lateral teeth. Outermost lateral teeth set forward in relation to slope of remaining lateral teeth, while 5 th and 7 th lateral are short and the 6 th lateral is taller and broader. Ventromental plates broad, with fine striation distinct at base, anterior margin often crenulated.	en	Chamutiová, Tímea, Hamerlík, Ladislav, Bitušík, Peter (2020): Subfossil chironomids (Diptera, Chironomidae) of lakes in the Tatra Mountains an illustrated guide. Zootaxa 4819 (2): 216-264, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4819.2.2
03F487F1FF9CFF85FF22FE6CAD60FC5D.taxon	discussion	Remarks: Mentum with double median tooth and more or less separated group of outer lateral teeth is distinctive for Cladopelma. Cryptotendipes and Microchironomus have a similar pattern of the lateral teeth, however median tooth is distinctly trifid in Microchironomus while single in Cryptotendipes; if laterally notched it may appear trifid but the mentum is much steeper than in Cladopelma. Subfossil remains were recorded from two dystrophic lakes situated in the forest zone of the Tatra Mts. One morphotype was recognized (Brooks et al. 2007).	en	Chamutiová, Tímea, Hamerlík, Ladislav, Bitušík, Peter (2020): Subfossil chironomids (Diptera, Chironomidae) of lakes in the Tatra Mountains an illustrated guide. Zootaxa 4819 (2): 216-264, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4819.2.2
03F487F1FF9CFF85FF22FC4FAB5FFBA1.taxon	discussion	Cladopelma lateralis - type (Fig. 76) Three outermost lateral teeth separated from remainder by a deep notch, and forming a separate group.	en	Chamutiová, Tímea, Hamerlík, Ladislav, Bitušík, Peter (2020): Subfossil chironomids (Diptera, Chironomidae) of lakes in the Tatra Mountains an illustrated guide. Zootaxa 4819 (2): 216-264, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4819.2.2
03F487F1FF9CFF85FF22FC4FAB5FFBA1.taxon	description	Three outermost lateral teeth separated from remainder by a deep notch, and forming a separate group.	en	Chamutiová, Tímea, Hamerlík, Ladislav, Bitušík, Peter (2020): Subfossil chironomids (Diptera, Chironomidae) of lakes in the Tatra Mountains an illustrated guide. Zootaxa 4819 (2): 216-264, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4819.2.2
03F487F1FF9CFF85FF22FB1CAD86F945.taxon	description	Head capsule yellow, occipital margin darkened. Frontal apotome separated from clypeus (except for a European species, Dicrotendipes lobiger (Kieffer, 1921 )), and there is an antero-median fenestra (oval to round or linear) on the frontal apotome (Figs 77, 78); anterior margin of frontal apotome may be crenulated (Fig. 77). Antenna 5 - segmented, segment 4 exceptionally long. Premandible with 3 teeth, second one and third broad and blunt. Mandible with pale dorsal tooth, 1 – 2 small surficial and 3 inner teeth. Median tooth of mentum robust, sometimes laterally notched, 6 pairs of lateral teeth. First and second pairs sometimes partially fused. Sixth lateral tooth sometimes reduced into a broad lobe, so only five laterals are clearly visible. Ventromental plates narrow, visibly fan-shaped, completely striated, about half width of mentum; anterior margin smooth or crenate.	en	Chamutiová, Tímea, Hamerlík, Ladislav, Bitušík, Peter (2020): Subfossil chironomids (Diptera, Chironomidae) of lakes in the Tatra Mountains an illustrated guide. Zootaxa 4819 (2): 216-264, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4819.2.2
03F487F1FF9CFF85FF22FB1CAD86F945.taxon	discussion	Remarks: Mentum of Dicrotendipes is especially similar to that of Glyptotendipes, Einfeldia and Kiefferulus (all having fenestra in frons or frontoclypeus), however ventromental plates of these genera are much longer, (equalling to or exceeding width of mentum), while distinctly short in Dicrotendipes. Subfossil remains were rare, found in lakes with higher trophy. Two morphotypes were distinguished following Brooks et al. (2007).	en	Chamutiová, Tímea, Hamerlík, Ladislav, Bitušík, Peter (2020): Subfossil chironomids (Diptera, Chironomidae) of lakes in the Tatra Mountains an illustrated guide. Zootaxa 4819 (2): 216-264, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4819.2.2
03F487F1FF9CFF85FF22F8A7AC80F889.taxon	description	Ventromental plates crenulated at anterior margin.	en	Chamutiová, Tímea, Hamerlík, Ladislav, Bitušík, Peter (2020): Subfossil chironomids (Diptera, Chironomidae) of lakes in the Tatra Mountains an illustrated guide. Zootaxa 4819 (2): 216-264, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4819.2.2
03F487F1FF9FFF86FF22F919AC8DF8EB.taxon	description	Ventromental plates with smooth anterior margin.	en	Chamutiová, Tímea, Hamerlík, Ladislav, Bitušík, Peter (2020): Subfossil chironomids (Diptera, Chironomidae) of lakes in the Tatra Mountains an illustrated guide. Zootaxa 4819 (2): 216-264, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4819.2.2
03F487F1FF9FFF87FF22F8D5AD2AFDE2.taxon	description	Head capsule large, yellow, occipital margin dark brown. Antenna 5 - segmented, premandible with 2 apical teeth and 1 inner tooth. Mandible with slender apical tooth and 3 – 4 inner teeth, dorsal tooth pale, hardly visible. Mentum with 3 – 4 protruding median teeth (central ones lower than outer pairs) and 6 pairs of lateral teeth; the first lower than second and medians. Ventromental plates relatively narrow and gently curved with smooth anterior margin and continuously striated (Fig. 83).	en	Chamutiová, Tímea, Hamerlík, Ladislav, Bitušík, Peter (2020): Subfossil chironomids (Diptera, Chironomidae) of lakes in the Tatra Mountains an illustrated guide. Zootaxa 4819 (2): 216-264, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4819.2.2
03F487F1FF9FFF87FF22F8D5AD2AFDE2.taxon	discussion	Remarks: Genus Synendotendipes was erected based on immature stages previously placed in Endochironomus (= species group B, Pinder & Reiss, 1983). As the subfossil heads may lack important characters allowing separation of these genera (mandibula, maxilla), it is reasonable to keep both genera together. In specimens where mandible is present, 4 inner teeth is separating Synendotendipes from Endochironomus with 3 inner teeth. Subfossils were recorded from dystrophic and acidified lakes of the studied region. These finding correspond very well with known distribution of Endochironomus / Synendotendipes in the Tatra Mts. lakes (Novikmec et al. 2015). One morphotype following Brooks et al. (2007) was found.	en	Chamutiová, Tímea, Hamerlík, Ladislav, Bitušík, Peter (2020): Subfossil chironomids (Diptera, Chironomidae) of lakes in the Tatra Mountains an illustrated guide. Zootaxa 4819 (2): 216-264, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4819.2.2
03F487F1FF9EFF87FF22FDDCAEA0FCEE.taxon	discussion	Endochironomus impar - type (Figs 83, 84) Outer median teeth are longer than central teeth and first laterals are clearly shorter than second lateral teeth; mandible with 4 distinctive inner teeth. This morphotype corresponds to genus Synendotendipes sensu Epler et al. (2013).	en	Chamutiová, Tímea, Hamerlík, Ladislav, Bitušík, Peter (2020): Subfossil chironomids (Diptera, Chironomidae) of lakes in the Tatra Mountains an illustrated guide. Zootaxa 4819 (2): 216-264, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4819.2.2
03F487F1FF9EFF87FF22FDDCAEA0FCEE.taxon	description	Outer median teeth are longer than central teeth and first laterals are clearly shorter than second lateral teeth; mandible with 4 distinctive inner teeth. This morphotype corresponds to genus Synendotendipes sensu Epler et al. (2013).	en	Chamutiová, Tímea, Hamerlík, Ladislav, Bitušík, Peter (2020): Subfossil chironomids (Diptera, Chironomidae) of lakes in the Tatra Mountains an illustrated guide. Zootaxa 4819 (2): 216-264, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4819.2.2
03F487F1FF9EFF87FF22FCD1AF27FA82.taxon	discussion	Remarks: Lauterborniella may be confused with Zavreliella and perhaps with Polypedilum nubeculosum - type. The first and the second lateral teeth of mentum are distinctly separate in Lauterborniella, while partially fused in Zavreliella. Shape of setae submenti (if preserved in subfossils) is also indicative: it is branched in Lauterborniella, while simple in Zavreliella. Ventromental plates in Lauterborniella are triangular, while fan-shaped in Polypedilum nubeculosum - type (Fig. 89). Subfossil remains were found in one dystrophic lake situated in forest zone, while data on occurrence of living immature stages in the Tatra Mts. lakes does not exist, yet. Only one species, L. agrayloides (Kieffer, 1911) is known from the Holarctic.	en	Chamutiová, Tímea, Hamerlík, Ladislav, Bitušík, Peter (2020): Subfossil chironomids (Diptera, Chironomidae) of lakes in the Tatra Mountains an illustrated guide. Zootaxa 4819 (2): 216-264, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4819.2.2
03F487F1FF9EFF87FF22FA7DAF06F842.taxon	description	Head capsule brownish with dark brown occipital margin. Antenna 6 - segmented, Lauterborn organs alternate on segments 2 and 3. Premandible with 3 (pedellus - type) or 5 (rydalensis - type) teeth. Mandible with pale dorsal tooth, apical tooth and 3 inner teeth darkly pigmented. Median tooth of mentum trifid, pale or as dark as rest of mentum; central tooth either very small, so median tooth appears to consists of two teeth (pedellus - type), or about the same size as outer medians (rydalensis - type); 6 pairs of lateral teeth, while first and second laterals fused. Ventromental plates narrow and strongly curved and coarsely striated on upper half.	en	Chamutiová, Tímea, Hamerlík, Ladislav, Bitušík, Peter (2020): Subfossil chironomids (Diptera, Chironomidae) of lakes in the Tatra Mountains an illustrated guide. Zootaxa 4819 (2): 216-264, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4819.2.2
03F487F1FF9EFF87FF22FA7DAF06F842.taxon	discussion	Remarks: The mentum with 3, usually pale, median teeth and mandible with 3 inner teeth are distinctive. Superficially similar genera Omisus and Paratendipes have 4 median mental teeth. In comparison with Stictochironomus the first lateral tooth of mentum is not lower than second.	en	Chamutiová, Tímea, Hamerlík, Ladislav, Bitušík, Peter (2020): Subfossil chironomids (Diptera, Chironomidae) of lakes in the Tatra Mountains an illustrated guide. Zootaxa 4819 (2): 216-264, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4819.2.2
03F487F1FF9EFF87FF22FA7DAF06F842.taxon	biology_ecology	Only Microtendipes chloris (Meigen, 1818), belonging to the pedellus species group is known form the Tatra Mts. lakes. Subfossil remains belonging to one morphotype were found in the lakes situated at lower altitude in sub-alpine zone.	en	Chamutiová, Tímea, Hamerlík, Ladislav, Bitušík, Peter (2020): Subfossil chironomids (Diptera, Chironomidae) of lakes in the Tatra Mountains an illustrated guide. Zootaxa 4819 (2): 216-264, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4819.2.2
03F487F1FF98FF81FF22FF2FAF6AFEE5.taxon	description	Mentum with trifid, weakly pigmented median tooth (the central one is very small, almost invisible), premandible with 3 teeth.	en	Chamutiová, Tímea, Hamerlík, Ladislav, Bitušík, Peter (2020): Subfossil chironomids (Diptera, Chironomidae) of lakes in the Tatra Mountains an illustrated guide. Zootaxa 4819 (2): 216-264, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4819.2.2
03F487F1FF98FF81FF22FED8ADBDFCED.taxon	discussion	Remarks: Pagastiella differs from Nilothauma by having unusual position of setae submenti on the ventromental plates (Fig. 87) and very small outer pair of median teeth, while in Nilothauma the central pair of median teeth is narrower. The only Palaearctic species, P. orophila (Edwards, 1929), is also known from the Tatra Mts. lakes. Subfossil remains were found rarely and in low abundances in lakes of the forest zone.	en	Chamutiová, Tímea, Hamerlík, Ladislav, Bitušík, Peter (2020): Subfossil chironomids (Diptera, Chironomidae) of lakes in the Tatra Mountains an illustrated guide. Zootaxa 4819 (2): 216-264, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4819.2.2
03F487F1FF98FF81FF22FA47AF22F961.taxon	discussion	Phaenopsectra flavipes - type (Fig. 88) Mentum strongly arched, with the central pair of median teeth shorter than outer pair, two outermost laterals reduced. Second inner mandibular tooth smaller than the other two; there is a deep gap between basal inner mandibular tooth and mola.	en	Chamutiová, Tímea, Hamerlík, Ladislav, Bitušík, Peter (2020): Subfossil chironomids (Diptera, Chironomidae) of lakes in the Tatra Mountains an illustrated guide. Zootaxa 4819 (2): 216-264, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4819.2.2
03F487F1FF98FF81FF22FA47AF22F961.taxon	description	Mentum strongly arched, with the central pair of median teeth shorter than outer pair, two outermost laterals reduced. Second inner mandibular tooth smaller than the other two; there is a deep gap between basal inner mandibular tooth and mola.	en	Chamutiová, Tímea, Hamerlík, Ladislav, Bitušík, Peter (2020): Subfossil chironomids (Diptera, Chironomidae) of lakes in the Tatra Mountains an illustrated guide. Zootaxa 4819 (2): 216-264, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4819.2.2
03F487F1FF98FF81FF22FCD0AE84FA65.taxon	description	Head capsule medium sized, yellow, occipital margin dark brown. Antenna 5 - segmented, premandible with 2 apical teeth and broad basal tooth. Mandible with relatively short dorsal tooth and 3 inner teeth; deep notch between basal inner tooth and mola can be present; all mandibular teeth dark brown. Mentum dark pigmented with four median teeth forming ventromentum (set forward of rest of mentum), inner median teeth are shorter than outer teeth; 5 – 6 pairs of lateral teeth, first lateral tooth much shorter than the second one and outermost pair of lateral teeth reduced. Ventromental plates as long as width of mentum, moderately curved and continuously striated.	en	Chamutiová, Tímea, Hamerlík, Ladislav, Bitušík, Peter (2020): Subfossil chironomids (Diptera, Chironomidae) of lakes in the Tatra Mountains an illustrated guide. Zootaxa 4819 (2): 216-264, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4819.2.2
03F487F1FF98FF81FF22FCD0AE84FA65.taxon	discussion	Remarks: Phaenopsectra can be confused with genera that have clearly delineated ventromentum, i. e. Sergentia, Endochironomus / Syndendotendipes, Tribelos and Stictochironomus. In Tribelos, however, the line running from the anterior inner margin of ventromental plates meets the inner median tooth, while this line meets outer median tooth in other genera. Sergentia and Synendotendipes have four inner teeth on the mandible, while Stictochironomus usually only two inner teeth. Ventromental plates in Endochironomus / Synendotendipes are extended to a lobe and are longer as opposed to narrower and more curved plates in Phaenopsectra. Subfossil remains belonging to P. flavipes - type (Brooks et al., 2007) were found only in one dystrophic forest lake.	en	Chamutiová, Tímea, Hamerlík, Ladislav, Bitušík, Peter (2020): Subfossil chironomids (Diptera, Chironomidae) of lakes in the Tatra Mountains an illustrated guide. Zootaxa 4819 (2): 216-264, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4819.2.2
03F487F1FF98FF82FF22F95CADECFE07.taxon	description	Head capsule small to large, generally yellow, submentum may be darkly pigmented at different extent, usually just above the occipital margin. Occipital margin usually dark brown to black, sometimes pale. Antenna 5 - segmented, one or more segments can be reduced in some species. Premandible with 2 apical teeth and broad basal tooth. Mandible usually with 1 dark dorsal tooth (absent in some species), and 2 (seldom 3) inner teeth. Mentum rather variable in shape, either “ Polypedilum - like ” with tall 2 median teeth, first of 6 – 7 lateral teeth small, second lateral as tall as median teeth, followed by remainder of short laterals; or all mental teeth subequal, decreasing in size gradually. Ventromental plates variable in size and widely separated medially, striae continuous.	en	Chamutiová, Tímea, Hamerlík, Ladislav, Bitušík, Peter (2020): Subfossil chironomids (Diptera, Chironomidae) of lakes in the Tatra Mountains an illustrated guide. Zootaxa 4819 (2): 216-264, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4819.2.2
03F487F1FF98FF82FF22F95CADECFE07.taxon	discussion	Remarks: Larvae of Polypedilum are very heterogeneous. Combination of 5 - segmented antenna, 2 inner mandibular teeth and dark dorsal tooth together with the typical “ Polypedilum - like ” pattern of mentum (see above) may be sufficient to recognize Polypedilum. Species without “ Polypedilum - like ” menta will be distinguished from other genera by 16 subequal mental teeth. There is only one evidence of the occurrence of Polypedilum (Polypedilum) nubeculosum (Meigen, 1804) in the Tatra Mts. lakes (see Bitušík 2004). Small number of subfossils were found in the acid lakes of the forest zone. Two morphotypes were identified following Brooks et al. (2007).	en	Chamutiová, Tímea, Hamerlík, Ladislav, Bitušík, Peter (2020): Subfossil chironomids (Diptera, Chironomidae) of lakes in the Tatra Mountains an illustrated guide. Zootaxa 4819 (2): 216-264, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4819.2.2
03F487F1FF98FF82FF22F95CADECFE07.taxon	discussion	Remarks: Larvae of Polypedilum are very heterogeneous. Combination of 5 - segmented antenna, 2 inner mandibular teeth and dark dorsal tooth together with the typical “ Polypedilum - like ” pattern of mentum (see above) may be sufficient to recognize Polypedilum. Species without “ Polypedilum - like ” menta will be distinguished from other genera by 16 subequal mental teeth. There is only one evidence of the occurrence of Polypedilum (Polypedilum) nubeculosum (Meigen, 1804) in the Tatra Mts. lakes (see Bitušík 2004).	en	Chamutiová, Tímea, Hamerlík, Ladislav, Bitušík, Peter (2020): Subfossil chironomids (Diptera, Chironomidae) of lakes in the Tatra Mountains an illustrated guide. Zootaxa 4819 (2): 216-264, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4819.2.2
03F487F1FF98FF82FF22F95CADECFE07.taxon	biology_ecology	Small number of subfossils were found in the acid lakes of the forest zone.	en	Chamutiová, Tímea, Hamerlík, Ladislav, Bitušík, Peter (2020): Subfossil chironomids (Diptera, Chironomidae) of lakes in the Tatra Mountains an illustrated guide. Zootaxa 4819 (2): 216-264, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4819.2.2
03F487F1FF98FF82FF22F95CADECFE07.taxon	discussion	Two morphotypes were identified following Brooks et al. (2007).	en	Chamutiová, Tímea, Hamerlík, Ladislav, Bitušík, Peter (2020): Subfossil chironomids (Diptera, Chironomidae) of lakes in the Tatra Mountains an illustrated guide. Zootaxa 4819 (2): 216-264, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4819.2.2
03F487F1FF9BFF82FF22FDE7AAA9FD4F.taxon	description	Median teeth and first lateral tooth of various size, mandible with 2 inner teeth and 1 dorsal tooth.	en	Chamutiová, Tímea, Hamerlík, Ladislav, Bitušík, Peter (2020): Subfossil chironomids (Diptera, Chironomidae) of lakes in the Tatra Mountains an illustrated guide. Zootaxa 4819 (2): 216-264, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4819.2.2
03F487F1FF9BFF82FF22FCBFACB5FC6A.taxon	description	Apex of mentum with teeth subequal in size, first laterals only slightly shorter than median teeth and second lateral teeth. Mandible with 3 inner teeth, dorsal tooth absent.	en	Chamutiová, Tímea, Hamerlík, Ladislav, Bitušík, Peter (2020): Subfossil chironomids (Diptera, Chironomidae) of lakes in the Tatra Mountains an illustrated guide. Zootaxa 4819 (2): 216-264, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4819.2.2
03F487F1FF9BFF82FF22F985AB2DF941.taxon	discussion	Sergentia coracina - type (Fig. 91) Mandible with 4 dark inner teeth, premandibles with 2 apical teeth, mentum with 4 subequal median teeth, outermost lateral teeth not reduced, and distinct paired striations along anterior margin of ventromental plate (Fig. 91 A).	en	Chamutiová, Tímea, Hamerlík, Ladislav, Bitušík, Peter (2020): Subfossil chironomids (Diptera, Chironomidae) of lakes in the Tatra Mountains an illustrated guide. Zootaxa 4819 (2): 216-264, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4819.2.2
03F487F1FF9BFF82FF22F985AB2DF941.taxon	description	Mandible with 4 dark inner teeth, premandibles with 2 apical teeth, mentum with 4 subequal median teeth, outermost lateral teeth not reduced, and distinct paired striations along anterior margin of ventromental plate (Fig. 91 A).	en	Chamutiová, Tímea, Hamerlík, Ladislav, Bitušík, Peter (2020): Subfossil chironomids (Diptera, Chironomidae) of lakes in the Tatra Mountains an illustrated guide. Zootaxa 4819 (2): 216-264, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4819.2.2
03F487F1FF9BFF82FF22FC52AD74FA26.taxon	description	Head capsule large, yellow. Antenna 5 - segmented, premandible with 2 – 4 teeth. All mandibular teeth dull brown. One relatively short dorsal tooth and 4 inner teeth present. Mentum with 4 large, separated, equally broad and slightly elevated median teeth, central pair slightly lower than outer one, and with 6 pairs lateral teeth. Ventromental plates as wide as mentum, moderately curved and continuously striated, in S. coracina - type, however, with obvious paired striations along anterior margin.	en	Chamutiová, Tímea, Hamerlík, Ladislav, Bitušík, Peter (2020): Subfossil chironomids (Diptera, Chironomidae) of lakes in the Tatra Mountains an illustrated guide. Zootaxa 4819 (2): 216-264, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4819.2.2
03F487F1FF9BFF82FF22FC52AD74FA26.taxon	discussion	Remarks: Sergentia is closely related to Phaenopsectra and the shape of mentum appearing as separated in three sections resembles some other genera (see remarks to Phaenopsectra). Sergentia may be recognized by the usual 4 inner mandibular teeth, 4 subequal median mental teeth, not reduced outermost lateral teeth, and paired striations conspicuous along anterior margin in S. coracina - type. One species, Sergentia coracina (Zetterstedt, 1850), is documented from a few of the Tatra Mts. lakes, all situ-ated in sub-alpine zone (Bitušík 2004). The morphotype recognised was found in one lake only.	en	Chamutiová, Tímea, Hamerlík, Ladislav, Bitušík, Peter (2020): Subfossil chironomids (Diptera, Chironomidae) of lakes in the Tatra Mountains an illustrated guide. Zootaxa 4819 (2): 216-264, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4819.2.2
03F487F1FF9BFF82FF22FC52AD74FA26.taxon	discussion	Remarks: Sergentia is closely related to Phaenopsectra and the shape of mentum appearing as separated in three sections resembles some other genera (see remarks to Phaenopsectra). Sergentia may be recognized by the usual 4 inner mandibular teeth, 4 subequal median mental teeth, not reduced outermost lateral teeth, and paired striations conspicuous along anterior margin in S. coracina - type. One species, Sergentia coracina (Zetterstedt, 1850), is documented from a few of the Tatra Mts. lakes, all situ-ated in sub-alpine zone (Bitušík 2004).	en	Chamutiová, Tímea, Hamerlík, Ladislav, Bitušík, Peter (2020): Subfossil chironomids (Diptera, Chironomidae) of lakes in the Tatra Mountains an illustrated guide. Zootaxa 4819 (2): 216-264, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4819.2.2
03F487F1FF9BFF82FF22FC52AD74FA26.taxon	biology_ecology	The morphotype recognised was found in one lake only.	en	Chamutiová, Tímea, Hamerlík, Ladislav, Bitušík, Peter (2020): Subfossil chironomids (Diptera, Chironomidae) of lakes in the Tatra Mountains an illustrated guide. Zootaxa 4819 (2): 216-264, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4819.2.2
03F487F1FF9BFF83FF22F8B9AA63FE56.taxon	description	Head capsule medium to large, yellow, posteriorly may be darkly pigmented, and dorsally may be distinct brown areas. Occipital margin mostly dark brown. Antenna 6 - segmented, Lauterborn organs alternate on segment 2 and 3. Premandible with 2 apical teeth and broad basal tooth. Mandible basally broad and very slender distally, with 1 dorsal tooth and 2 inner teeth, all mandibular teeth dark. Mentum with 4 median teeth delineated from lateral regions; central pair of median teeth lower and slender than outer pair; 6 pairs of lateral teeth; all teeth dark. Ventromental plates slightly wider than mentum, weakly curved, striations often indistinct, broad grey band on anterior margin.	en	Chamutiová, Tímea, Hamerlík, Ladislav, Bitušík, Peter (2020): Subfossil chironomids (Diptera, Chironomidae) of lakes in the Tatra Mountains an illustrated guide. Zootaxa 4819 (2): 216-264, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4819.2.2
03F487F1FF9BFF83FF22F8B9AA63FE56.taxon	discussion	Remarks: The shape of mentum with delineated ventromentum resembles some other genera (see comments to Phaenopsectra). However, the central pair of median teeth is thinner in Stictochironomus. Moreover, the 6 - segmented antenna with alternate Lauterborn organs, 2 inner mandibular teeth and the grey band on the anterior margin on ventromental plates are also distinctive. Immature stages of Stictochironomus were recorded from the Tatra Mts. lakes rarely (Bitušík 2004). Three subfossil remains of the same morphotype were found in one of the studied lakes.	en	Chamutiová, Tímea, Hamerlík, Ladislav, Bitušík, Peter (2020): Subfossil chironomids (Diptera, Chironomidae) of lakes in the Tatra Mountains an illustrated guide. Zootaxa 4819 (2): 216-264, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4819.2.2
03F487F1FF9AFF83FF22FB8FAA28FB24.taxon	discussion	Stictochironomus type B (Fig. 92) Our morphotype does not suit Stictochironomus type B described in Brooks et al. (2007) entirely, since our type has partly overlapping central median teeth (as opposed to separated in Brooks et al. 2007). However, we had limited amount of remains and this feature may be the consequence of their inferior condition.	en	Chamutiová, Tímea, Hamerlík, Ladislav, Bitušík, Peter (2020): Subfossil chironomids (Diptera, Chironomidae) of lakes in the Tatra Mountains an illustrated guide. Zootaxa 4819 (2): 216-264, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4819.2.2
03F487F1FF9AFF83FF22FB8FAA28FB24.taxon	description	Our morphotype does not suit Stictochironomus type B described in Brooks et al. (2007) entirely, since our type has partly overlapping central median teeth (as opposed to separated in Brooks et al. 2007). However, we had limited amount of remains and this feature may be the consequence of their inferior condition.	en	Chamutiová, Tímea, Hamerlík, Ladislav, Bitušík, Peter (2020): Subfossil chironomids (Diptera, Chironomidae) of lakes in the Tatra Mountains an illustrated guide. Zootaxa 4819 (2): 216-264, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4819.2.2
03F487F1FF9AFF83FF22FA99AF66F953.taxon	description	Head capsule pale to brown. Occipital margin darkened, dark brown to black. Shape and degree of development of occipital plate, if present, is important for identification of subfossils. Antenna always 5 - segmented arising on distinct elongate antennal base – pedestals distally often projecting into spur of different size, occasionally accessory multispined or palmate process is present. Lauterborn organs well-developed, usually mounted on segment 2 and often situated on short to long pedicels. Premandible with 2 – 5 teeth. Mandible with 2 – 3 inner teeth, one dorsal tooth (occasionally 2 – 3 dorsal teeth); 1 – 2 surficial teeth may be present on dorsal surface. Mentum with single median tooth (may be laterally notched) and mostly with 5 lateral teeth. Ventromental plates usually wide and slender, almost touching each other medially, in some genera narrow, separated medially by at least the width of the three median teeth.	en	Chamutiová, Tímea, Hamerlík, Ladislav, Bitušík, Peter (2020): Subfossil chironomids (Diptera, Chironomidae) of lakes in the Tatra Mountains an illustrated guide. Zootaxa 4819 (2): 216-264, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4819.2.2
03F487F1FF9AFF8CFF22F94FAAF0FDAC.taxon	description	Head capsule yellow to brown. Occipital margin usually with well-developed occipital plate. Antenna placed on elongate pedestal, often with apical tooth or spur. Lauterborn organs on long pedicels that extend beyond flagellum. Premandible bifid. Mandible with apical tooth, dorsal tooth and 3 inner teeth, all teeth brown. Mentum with the median tooth rounded, laterally notched to crenate, usually slightly paler than 5 lateral teeth. Ventromental plates close together medially, a little wider than mentum, with fine striation.	en	Chamutiová, Tímea, Hamerlík, Ladislav, Bitušík, Peter (2020): Subfossil chironomids (Diptera, Chironomidae) of lakes in the Tatra Mountains an illustrated guide. Zootaxa 4819 (2): 216-264, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4819.2.2
03F487F1FF9AFF8CFF22F94FAAF0FDAC.taxon	discussion	Remarks: Micropsectra head capsules closely resemble Tanytarsus. The best character for separating is the form of premandible (unfortunately often missing from subfossils), which is bifid in Micropsectra, while consisting 3 – 5 teeth in Tanytarsus. A projection on the antennal pedestal is characteristic for Micropsectra. However, some Tanytarsus species may also have a spur. On the other hand, spur is not always visible or is missing in some Micropsectra (very rarely though). The shape of spur can be also indicative, since it is sharp in Micropsectra, but always of different shape in Tanytarsus (e. g., long, broad and rounded apically) (Brooks et al. 2007). Micropsectra can be confused with Paratanytarsus as well, but Paratanytarsus has uniformly dark mentum, while in Micropsectra there is a pale area in the middle part of mentum. Species of the genus Micropsectra are common inhabitants of the Tatra Mts. lakes. Up to now, 8 species were recorded: Micropsectra apposita (Walker, 1856), M. atrofasciata (Kieffer, 1911), M. junci (Meigen, 1818), M. lindrothi Goetghebuer, 1931, M. notescens (Walker, 1856), M. radialis Goetghebuer, 1939, M. roseiventris (Kieffer, 1909) and M. sofiae Stur & Ekrem, 2006 (Bitušík et al. 2006 a; Giłka 2007; Novikmec et al. 2015). Five morphotypes were identified in the subfossil material following Brooks et al. (2007).	en	Chamutiová, Tímea, Hamerlík, Ladislav, Bitušík, Peter (2020): Subfossil chironomids (Diptera, Chironomidae) of lakes in the Tatra Mountains an illustrated guide. Zootaxa 4819 (2): 216-264, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4819.2.2
03F487F1FF95FF8CFF22F9A0AD50F961.taxon	description	Head capsule yellow. Similar taxon to M. insignilobus - type, but occipital plate greatly enlarged and convex. The second most abundant morphotype in the surveyed lakes.	en	Chamutiová, Tímea, Hamerlík, Ladislav, Bitušík, Peter (2020): Subfossil chironomids (Diptera, Chironomidae) of lakes in the Tatra Mountains an illustrated guide. Zootaxa 4819 (2): 216-264, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4819.2.2
03F487F1FF95FF8CFF22FD10AF0FFCD1.taxon	description	Head capsule pale brown. Arch of occipital margin narrower. Spurs at antennae pedestals distinctive and noticeably point outwards.	en	Chamutiová, Tímea, Hamerlík, Ladislav, Bitušík, Peter (2020): Subfossil chironomids (Diptera, Chironomidae) of lakes in the Tatra Mountains an illustrated guide. Zootaxa 4819 (2): 216-264, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4819.2.2
03F487F1FF95FF8CFF22FCCCAC62FC06.taxon	description	Head capsule pale brown. Long antennae pedestals with short, pointed spurs. Occipital plate well-developed, arch of occipital margin relatively broad.	en	Chamutiová, Tímea, Hamerlík, Ladislav, Bitušík, Peter (2020): Subfossil chironomids (Diptera, Chironomidae) of lakes in the Tatra Mountains an illustrated guide. Zootaxa 4819 (2): 216-264, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4819.2.2
03F487F1FF95FF8CFF22FBF9AF27FB2A.taxon	description	Head capsule yellow. Similar to M. insignilobus - type, but first pair of lateral teeth of mentum clearly shorter than the second laterals.	en	Chamutiová, Tímea, Hamerlík, Ladislav, Bitušík, Peter (2020): Subfossil chironomids (Diptera, Chironomidae) of lakes in the Tatra Mountains an illustrated guide. Zootaxa 4819 (2): 216-264, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4819.2.2
03F487F1FF95FF8CFF22FA96ACB6FA3C.taxon	description	Head capsule brown. Short rounded spurs present at relatively short (about as long as broad) antennae pedestal. Occipital plate strongly reduced. This morphotype was found most frequently with high abundance both in the lakes situated at higher altitude and in deep sub-alpine lakes.	en	Chamutiová, Tímea, Hamerlík, Ladislav, Bitušík, Peter (2020): Subfossil chironomids (Diptera, Chironomidae) of lakes in the Tatra Mountains an illustrated guide. Zootaxa 4819 (2): 216-264, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4819.2.2
03F487F1FF95FF8DFF22F95DAC00FE72.taxon	description	Head capsules yellow with dark brown occipital margin. Occipital arch is deeply incised, plate absent. Antenna place on tall pedestal without any projections. Lauterborn organs sessile or on very short pedicels. Premandible bifid. Dorsal mandibular tooth, apical tooth and 2 – 3 inner teeth all dark brown. Median tooth of mentum usually rounded, occasionally notched laterally, 5 pairs of lateral teeth are present, all teeth uniform in colour, dark brown. Ventromental plates close together medially, each plate slightly longer than width of mentum.	en	Chamutiová, Tímea, Hamerlík, Ladislav, Bitušík, Peter (2020): Subfossil chironomids (Diptera, Chironomidae) of lakes in the Tatra Mountains an illustrated guide. Zootaxa 4819 (2): 216-264, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4819.2.2
03F487F1FF95FF8DFF22F95DAC00FE72.taxon	discussion	Remarks: Subfossil head capsules of Paratanytarsus resembles Micropsectra and Tanytarsus, but Paratanytarsus can be distinguished from both by the combination of the deeply incised occipital arc, the short antennal pedestal and absence of tooth or spur on it. Another useful diagnostic feature is the uniformly coloured mentum with all teeth dark, compared to the paler median part of mentum in Micropsectra and Tanytarsus. Currently, Paratanytarsus austriacus (Kieffer, 1924) and P. laccophilus (Edwards, 1929) are known from the Tatra Mts. lakes (Giłka 2007; Novikmec et al. 2015). Two morphotypes were identified.	en	Chamutiová, Tímea, Hamerlík, Ladislav, Bitušík, Peter (2020): Subfossil chironomids (Diptera, Chironomidae) of lakes in the Tatra Mountains an illustrated guide. Zootaxa 4819 (2): 216-264, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4819.2.2
03F487F1FF94FF8DFF22FE6CAEBAFD9A.taxon	description	Mandible with 3 inner teeth. Very common morphotype, recorded from lakes situated at altitude generally below 2000 m.	en	Chamutiová, Tímea, Hamerlík, Ladislav, Bitušík, Peter (2020): Subfossil chironomids (Diptera, Chironomidae) of lakes in the Tatra Mountains an illustrated guide. Zootaxa 4819 (2): 216-264, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4819.2.2
03F487F1FF94FF8DFF22FD04ABD4FCED.taxon	description	Mandible with 2 inner teeth. Rarely found in small number of the lakes situated mostly in forest zone (dystrophic).	en	Chamutiová, Tímea, Hamerlík, Ladislav, Bitušík, Peter (2020): Subfossil chironomids (Diptera, Chironomidae) of lakes in the Tatra Mountains an illustrated guide. Zootaxa 4819 (2): 216-264, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4819.2.2
03F487F1FF94FF8DFF22FA58AB0EF946.taxon	description	Head capsule yellow with brown patch on submentum. Median tooth and first pair of lateral teeth are usually not at the same focal plane as the other laterals. Mandible with 3 inner teeth, 2 dorsal teeth and one surficial tooth, which is large and well visible (Fig. 104). Antennal pedestal is long without spur.	en	Chamutiová, Tímea, Hamerlík, Ladislav, Bitušík, Peter (2020): Subfossil chironomids (Diptera, Chironomidae) of lakes in the Tatra Mountains an illustrated guide. Zootaxa 4819 (2): 216-264, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4819.2.2
03F487F1FF94FF8DFF22FA58AB0EF946.taxon	discussion	It belongs to the most common morphotypes in the Tatra Mts. lakes, usually absent in the coldest ones.	en	Chamutiová, Tímea, Hamerlík, Ladislav, Bitušík, Peter (2020): Subfossil chironomids (Diptera, Chironomidae) of lakes in the Tatra Mountains an illustrated guide. Zootaxa 4819 (2): 216-264, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4819.2.2
03F487F1FF94FF8DFF22F8B8AA06F842.taxon	description	All teeth of the mentum at the same focal plane. Median tooth laterally notched having a crown-like appearance. Mandible with 3 inner teeth and one dorsal tooth, surficial tooth absent. Antennae pedestal without spur. Occipital margin narrow, dark brown, post-occipital plate brown with slightly concave margin.	en	Chamutiová, Tímea, Hamerlík, Ladislav, Bitušík, Peter (2020): Subfossil chironomids (Diptera, Chironomidae) of lakes in the Tatra Mountains an illustrated guide. Zootaxa 4819 (2): 216-264, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4819.2.2
03F487F1FF94FF8DFF22FCD0AD96FA66.taxon	description	Head capsules yellow to brownish with dark brown to black occipital margin. Occipital plate present, well developed. Antenna placed on tall pedestal (2 – 3 times as long as broad), usually without distal tooth or spur (if present, it is of different shape as in Micropsectra, see Brooks et al. 2007). Lauterborn organs usually on long pedicels. Premandible with 3 (usually) to 5 apical teeth. Mandible with 2 – 3 inner teeth, 1 – 2 dorsal teeth and in some species / morphotypes 1 – 2 surficial teeth may be present additionally. Mentum with a single rounded or laterally notched median tooth and 5 pairs of lateral teeth. Ventromental plates narrowly separated medially, long, narrow and fine striated.	en	Chamutiová, Tímea, Hamerlík, Ladislav, Bitušík, Peter (2020): Subfossil chironomids (Diptera, Chironomidae) of lakes in the Tatra Mountains an illustrated guide. Zootaxa 4819 (2): 216-264, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4819.2.2
03F487F1FF94FF8DFF22FCD0AD96FA66.taxon	discussion	Remarks: As mentioned above, there are considerable difficulties to distinguish head capsules of Tanytarsus from Micropsectra and, to a lesser extent, from Paratanytarsus (see comments to Micropsectra and Paratanytarsus). Five Tanytarsus species were confirmed in the Tatra Mts. lakes: Tanytarsus bathophilus Kieffer, 1911, T. gibbosiceps Kieffer, 1922, T. gregarius Kieffer, 1909, T. nemorosus Edwards, 1929 and T. pallidicornis (Walker, 1856) (Bitušík et al. 2006 a; Giłka 2007). Three morphotypes were distinguished following Brooks et al. (2007).	en	Chamutiová, Tímea, Hamerlík, Ladislav, Bitušík, Peter (2020): Subfossil chironomids (Diptera, Chironomidae) of lakes in the Tatra Mountains an illustrated guide. Zootaxa 4819 (2): 216-264, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4819.2.2
03F487F1FF96FF8FFF22F88AAFCCF81D.taxon	description	All teeth of the mentum at the same focal plane. Antennae pedestals with short, rounded spurs. Mandible with 3 inner teeth. Occipital margin broader than in T. mendax - type, dark brown top black, post-occipital plate brown with pale, straight margin.	en	Chamutiová, Tímea, Hamerlík, Ladislav, Bitušík, Peter (2020): Subfossil chironomids (Diptera, Chironomidae) of lakes in the Tatra Mountains an illustrated guide. Zootaxa 4819 (2): 216-264, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4819.2.2
03F487F1FF90FF89FF22FF20AF1BFE56.taxon	description	Mandible with robust, blunt apical tooth, 2 inner teeth and 1 dorsal tooth, all brown; obvious hump present on the outer margin. Mentum strongly arched, with a tall and slender apical tooth and 5 lateral teeth, 1 to 4 subequal in size, outermost minute. Due to more structures, this morphotype was not associated to a certain genus, but its appearance indicates that it could be close to Neozavrelia, Paratanytarsus or Sublettea. The morphotype was present only in one lake.	en	Chamutiová, Tímea, Hamerlík, Ladislav, Bitušík, Peter (2020): Subfossil chironomids (Diptera, Chironomidae) of lakes in the Tatra Mountains an illustrated guide. Zootaxa 4819 (2): 216-264, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4819.2.2
