identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
03F4AB250C773152FC9BFD7ABA831812.text	03F4AB250C773152FC9BFD7ABA831812.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Trichilia americana ON	<div><p>EFFECT OF THE EXTRACTS OF TRICHILIA AMERICANA ON COPITARSIA DECOLORA SURVIVAL</p><p>Copitarsia decolora larvae fed on a diet supplemented with hexane extracts of T. americana displayed significantly reduced mean survival times (Log-Rank Test = 48.33; df = 4; P &lt;0.001; Table 1; Fig. 2a). Larvae fed the 1,500 ppm treatment had a significantly shorter mean survival time than the others, and all of them died as larvae. Larvae on the 100, 500, and 1,000 ppm treatments had similar survival times, but they were significantly shorter than the diet-only control treatment. Larval mortality was over 70% in all treatments except at 100, where larval mortality was 40%, and very few casualties were observed at the pupal stage. The cumulative mortality for the control diet treatment was 8%.</p><p>Larvae fed the 1,500 ppm ethyl acetate-extract treatment had the shortest mean survival time (Log-Rank Test = 42.61; df = 4; P &lt;0.001; Table 1; Fig. 2b). All treatments had significantly shorter mean survival times than the control diet treatment. Larval mortality increased as concentration increased. No larvae from the 500, 1,000, and 1,500 ppm treatments reached the adult stage, and at 100 ppm, cumulative mortality was 76%.</p><p>Means within the same solvent followed by the same letter are not significantly different (P&gt; 0.05; Holm-Sidak test). *Control diet is the same for all the solvents.**No larvae reached the pupal stage.</p><p>Mean larval survival times were similar in all the concentrations of acetone extract (Log-Rank Test = 6.26; df = 4; P &lt;0.18; Table 1) and mean survival time for larvae fed acetone extract was the same as the control diet treatment. The highest cumulative mortality was obtained in the 1,500 ppm treatment.</p><p>Mean survival times of C. decolora larvae were similar across all the concentrations of methanol extract (Log-Rank Test = 9.35; df = 4; P &lt;0.053) and aqueous extract (Log-Rank Test = 7.93; df = 4; P &lt;0.094). This varied from 26.1 ± 2.4 d for methanol extract at 1,500 ppm, to 30.5 ± 1.9 d at 100 ppm treatment. The highest level of mortality was 44% at 1,500 ppm and the shortest was 36% at 100 ppm. The highest cumulative mortality was 52% in the 1,500 ppm treatment. Mean larval survival time of the aqueous extracts ranged from 26.3 ± 2.7 d in the 1,500 ppm treatment to 31.9 ± 1.4 d in the 100 ppm treatment. The highest mortality was 40% in the 1,500 ppm treatment and the lowest mortality was 36% in the 100 ppm treatment. The highest level of cumulative mortality was 48% in the 1,500 ppm treatment.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F4AB250C773152FC9BFD7ABA831812	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	García-Gómez, A.;Figueroa-Brito, R.;García Serrano, L. A.;Jiménez-Pérez, A.	García-Gómez, A., Figueroa-Brito, R., García Serrano, L. A., Jiménez-Pérez, A. (2018): Trichilia (Meliaceae) plants: an important source of biomolecules with insecticidal properties. Florida Entomologist 101 (3): 470, DOI: 10.1653/024.101.0305, URL: http://www.bioone.org/doi/10.1653/024.101.0305
03F4AB250C713150FFD3FBEDBD8E1943.text	03F4AB250C713150FFD3FBEDBD8E1943.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Trichilia americana Sesse & Moc.	<div><p>EFFECT OF EXTRACTS OF TRICHILIA AMERICANA, TRICHILIA HIRTA, AND TRICHILIA HAVANENSIS AT 1,500 PPM ON COPITARSIA DECOLORA LARVAL SURVIVAL</p><p>The mean larval survival time of the larvae fed with the hexane extract of T. americana bark was significantly shorter than the other treatments (Log-Rank Test = 151.205; df = 15; P &lt;0.001; Table 4). No differences in mean larval survival time were detected among those containing hexane or aqueous T. hirta extracts or the ethyl acetate T. americana extract, but all those were different from the control diet treatment. All other treatments were not significantly different from the control diet treatment. The reduction in survival time, relative to the control diet treatment, was 72 and 52% for T. americana hexane and T. hirta aqueous extracts treatments, respectively.</p><p>EFFECT OF EXTRACTS OF TRICHILIA AMERICANA, TRICHILIA HIRTA, AND TRICHILIA HAVANENSIS AT 1,500 PPM ON THE WEIGHT OF COPITARSIA DECOLORA LARVAE AND PUPAE</p><p>The weights of 7-d-old larvae were not analyzed because the larvae were too small to weigh accurately. Larval weights at 14 d were significantly affected by the species (F = 143.61; df = 3,265; P &lt;0.0001), the solvent (F = 5.77; df = 4,265; P &lt;0.0002), and the species-solvent interaction (F = 2.93; df = 8,265; P &lt;0.003).The largest weight inhibition was recorded with ethyl acetate extraction of T. americana, a reduction in weight of 99% relative to the control diet treatment. This was followed by hexane and aqueous extracts of T. hirta treatments and the hexane extract of T. americana, with a 98, 97, and 97% reduction, respectively, in relation to the control diet treatment. All other treatments were significantly different from the control diet treatment, with about 64% larval weight inhibition (Table 5).</p><p>At 21 d, larvae fed with the T. americana ethyl acetate extract displayed a 99% reduction in weight in relation to the control diet treatment, and weighed the least of all the treatments (Table 5). A reduction of 98 and 96% in relation to the control diet treatment was recorded for larvae with the T. hirta and T. americana hexane treatments. Only the T. hirta hexane treatment and T. americana ethyl acetate extract were significantly lighter than the control (H = 201.330; df = 14; P &lt;0.001).</p><p>At 28 d, statistically significant 99 and 98% reductions in weight were recorded for the larvae fed with ethyl acetate extract of T. americana and hexane extract of T. hirta (H = 240.041; df = 13; P &lt;0.001) (Table 5). The methanol extract of T. hirta and the ethyl acetate, methanol, and aqueous extracts of T. havanensis were similar to the control diet treatment. A 25 to 65% significant reduction in larval weight related to the control diet treatment were obtained with the acetone, methanol, and aqueous extract of T. americana, the ethyl acetate and acetone extract of T. hirta, and the hexane and acetone extract of T. havanensis .</p><p>The greatest reduction in pupal weight (21%) was recorded for the larvae fed with T. havanensis acetone extract, and this value was significantly different from the other treatments (F = 210.61; df = 3,137; P &lt;0.0001 for species; F = 308.18; df = 4,137; P &lt;0.0001 for solvent; and F = 74.63; df = 4,137; P &lt;0.0001 for the species-solvent interaction). Larvae fed with T. havanensis hexane extract and T. hirta acetone extract had significant 19% reductions in pupal weights in relation to the control diet treatment (Table 5).</p><p>EFFECT OF BARK EXTRACTS OF TRICHILIA AMERICANA, TRICHILIA HIRTA,&gt;D TRICHILIA HAVANENSIS APPLIED AT 1,500 PPM ON FERTILITY&gt;D FECUNDITY OF COPITARSIA DECOLORA</p><p>Because adults were not obtained from all the treatments,the fecundity and fertility were recorded from pairs of the aqueous and methanol extracts of T.americana, the acetone,aqueous,and methanol extracts of T. havanensis, and the ethyl acetate and acetone extracts of T. hirta . Fecundity was significantly affected by the treatments (F = 55.54; df = 7,22; P &lt;0.0001), but female (F = 0.08; df = 1,22; P&gt; 0.05) and male weights (F = 1.06; df = 1,22; P&gt; 0.05, data not shown) were not significantly affected. Fecundity from the controls was highest of the treatments (Fig. 5). Significant reductions of 62 and 57% in fecundity, in relation to the control diet treatment, were recorded from insects fed the aqueous and methanol extracts of T. americana, respectively. The other treatments significantly reduced fecundity by 32 to 44%.</p><p>Fertility was significantly affected by the extracts (F = 194.84; df = 7,22; P &lt;0.001), but female (F = 0.51; df = 1,22; P&gt; 0.05) and male weights (F = 0.47; df = 1,22; P&gt; 0.05, data not shown) were not. The highest fecundity was obtained from the controls and was significantly greater than all other treatments (Fig. 5). Aqueous and methanol extracts of T. americana significantly reduced fertility by 90 and 86%, respectively. All other treatments reduced fertility by 47 to 70%.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F4AB250C713150FFD3FBEDBD8E1943	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	García-Gómez, A.;Figueroa-Brito, R.;García Serrano, L. A.;Jiménez-Pérez, A.	García-Gómez, A., Figueroa-Brito, R., García Serrano, L. A., Jiménez-Pérez, A. (2018): Trichilia (Meliaceae) plants: an important source of biomolecules with insecticidal properties. Florida Entomologist 101 (3): 470, DOI: 10.1653/024.101.0305, URL: http://www.bioone.org/doi/10.1653/024.101.0305
03F4AB250C703152FCEBF982BD0219B7.text	03F4AB250C703152FCEBF982BD0219B7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Trichilia havanensis ON	<div><p>EFFECT OF THE EXTRACTS OF TRICHILIA HAVANENSIS ON COPITARSIA DECOLORA SURVIVAL</p><p>Mean survival times of larvae fed with 1,000 and 1,500 ppm hexane extracts were significantly shorter than on the control diet treatment (Log-Rank Test = 19.26; df = 4; P &lt;0.001; Table 3; Fig. 4). Larval and cumulative mortality increased along with concentration.</p><p>None of the ethyl acetate, acetone, methanol, and aqueous extracts of T. havanensis affected the mean larval survival times of C. decolora (Log-Rank Test = 7.819; df = 4; P &lt;0.098; Log-Rank Test = 4.917; df = 4; P &lt;0.296; Log-Rank Test = 7.157; df = 4; P &lt;0.128; and Log-Rank Test = 3.895; df = 4; P &lt;0.42 for ethyl acetate, acetone, methanol, and aqueous extracts, respectively; Table 3). Mean larval survival time varied from 26.9 ± 2.4 to 34.4 ± 0.5 d. Larval mortality oscillated from 16 to 32% and cumulative mortality from 28 to 56%.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F4AB250C703152FCEBF982BD0219B7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	García-Gómez, A.;Figueroa-Brito, R.;García Serrano, L. A.;Jiménez-Pérez, A.	García-Gómez, A., Figueroa-Brito, R., García Serrano, L. A., Jiménez-Pérez, A. (2018): Trichilia (Meliaceae) plants: an important source of biomolecules with insecticidal properties. Florida Entomologist 101 (3): 470, DOI: 10.1653/024.101.0305, URL: http://www.bioone.org/doi/10.1653/024.101.0305
03F4AB250C703152FF23F9C4BC9F1858.text	03F4AB250C703152FF23F9C4BC9F1858.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Trichilia hirta ON	<div><p>EFFECT OF THE EXTRACTS OF TRICHILIA HIRTA ON COPITARSIA DECOLORA SURVIVAL</p><p>Mean larval survival time was significantly affected by T. hirta bark hexane extracts (Log-Rank Test = 33.43; df = 4; P &lt;0.001; Table 2; Fig. 3a). Larvae fed the 1,500 ppm treatment had the shortest mean survival time; however, this was not significantly different from those fed the 1,000 and 500 ppm treatments. Larval mortality was over 50% except at 100 ppm. The highest cumulative mortality occurred in the 1,500 ppm diet, and no adults were obtained from this treatment.</p><p>Mean survival time of C. decolora larvae was not affected by T. hirta bark ethyl acetate extract (Log-Rank Test = 7.227; df = 4; P &lt;0.124). This varied from 28.8 ± 3.4 d at 1,500 ppm treatment to 33.6 ± 1.6 d for the control diet treatment. The highest larval and cumulative mortalities were recorded in the 1,500 ppm treatment, and exceeded 60%.</p><p>Trichilia hirta bark acetone extracts significantly affected the mean survival time of C. decolora larvae (Log-Rank Test = 13.886; df = 4; P &lt;0.008; Table 2; Fig. 3b). The shortest mean survival time was recorded in the 1,500 ppm concentration; however, this treatment was significantly different only from the control diet treatment. The highest larval, pupal, and cumulative mortalities were recorded in the 1,000 ppm treatment.</p><p>Methanol extract significantly reduced mean larvae survival time (Log-Rank Test = 17.523; df = 4; P &lt;0.002; Table 2; Fig. 3c). Larvae on the 1,500 and 1,000 ppm concentration had the shortest mean survival times and differed only as compared to the control diet treatment. The highest larval, pupal, and cumulative mortalities were recorded in 1,500 ppm treatment.</p><p>Aqueous extracts had a significant reduction in mean larvae survival times in all the concentrations as compared to the control diet treatment (Log-Rank Test = 76.205; df = 4; P &lt;0.001; Table 2; Fig. 3d), with the 1,500 ppm treatment the shortest of all. All insects died as larvae before 21 d of age (Fig. 3d).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F4AB250C703152FF23F9C4BC9F1858	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	García-Gómez, A.;Figueroa-Brito, R.;García Serrano, L. A.;Jiménez-Pérez, A.	García-Gómez, A., Figueroa-Brito, R., García Serrano, L. A., Jiménez-Pérez, A. (2018): Trichilia (Meliaceae) plants: an important source of biomolecules with insecticidal properties. Florida Entomologist 101 (3): 470, DOI: 10.1653/024.101.0305, URL: http://www.bioone.org/doi/10.1653/024.101.0305
