identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
03F587A8325CFFC8FF5BF8346FC55CDD.text	03F587A8325CFFC8FF5BF8346FC55CDD.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Bupleurum pamiricum	<div><p>Bupleurum pamiricum, a new species from the Pamirs</p> <p>For the East (or “true”) Pamirs, only one Bupleurum species has been known, B. aitchisonii (Boiss.) H.Wolff (Linczevski 1950, Ikonnikov 1963, Pimenov 1983, Korovin &amp; al. 1984). We regard this name to be partly incorrect for Pamirs plants. It should be noted that herbarium labels also seem to reflect doubts as to the species identity. First collections of the alpine species of Bupleurum from Pamirs were made by Olga Fedtschenko (Pamirs, from Karasu to Chatyrtash, 16 August 1901, O.Fedtschenko, LE!); initially they were incorrectly treated as B. kokanicum Re gel &amp; Schmalh.(Regel &amp; Schmalhausen, 1881: 29) (i.e. B. densiflorum Ruprecht, 1869: 47), or B. falcatum L. subsp. persicum (Boiss.) Koso-Poljansky (1915: 139). I.A. Linczevski, who was the first to identify these gatherings as B. aichisonii (Boiss.)H. Wolff (1910: 142), while cautiously adding: “….or a new species, close to B. aitchisonii —for better understanding, more material is needed”.</p> <p>B. aitchisonii was described as a variety (var. aitchisonii Boissier 1888: 252) of B. olympicum Boissier (1844: 149) from Afghanistan (type specimens: Kurram valley, Afghanistan. amongst stones at 12,000 to 14,000 feet, Sikaram, August.1878, Aitchison 929 (lectotype G-BOIS!; isolectotypes BM!, C!, DD!, GH, K!, LE!). In Afghanistan, seven localities in districts of Kabul, Jaji and Nuristan are recorded in “Flora Iranica”(Rechinger 1987). The species grows also in Pakistan (Nasir 1954, 1972, Stewart 1972, Dickore &amp; Nusser 2000) and India (Dhar &amp; Kachroo 1983, Choudhery &amp; Wadhwa 1984, Mukherjee &amp; Constance 1993, Aswal &amp; Mehrotra 1993) and is indicated for the Tajik flora (see above).</p> <p>B. aitchisonii belongs to the group of hardly distinguished alpine species of High Asia, together with B. gracillimum Klotzsch (1862: 148), B. rupestre Edgeworth (1846: 52), B. atroviolaceum (O.E.Schulz) Nasir (1972: 54). What is more, B. atroviolaceum has sometimes been treated as a form of B. aitchisonii — Bupleurum aitchisonii (Boiss.) H.Wolff f. atroviolaceum O.E. Schulz 1933: 876). Some taxa of the group were described as varieties of B. falcatum L. (var. nigrocarpum Jacquem. ex C.B. Clarke 1879: 676, var. afghanicum Kitamura 1960: 284). B. condensatum is also to be added to the group, although it is distributed rather far away from other species’ areas—in the Chinese province of Qinghai.</p> <p>The treatment of some species of the group and their synonymy in local floras is rather contradictory, and some type materials are not available. So we used for comparison some our collections in Western Himalaya, which were critically compared and carefully identified. Sometimes they are topotypes.</p> <p>In 2013 in Afghanistan we collected two geographically close gatherings of B. aitchisonii (Badakhshan, basin of the Pyandj River, on the way to Lake Shewa, above Gardzhwin village alt. = 3,140 m, spiny herb vegetation with dominance of Cousinia semilacera. 37º27, 43’N, 71º24,22’E, N 62; ibid, descent to Lake Shewa, h= 3300 m, 37º25,14’N, 71º20. 41’ E, N 72, MW!), completely corresponding to the type collection (N 929) of the species, and clearly different in stem leaf form and number, subequal umbels rays, almost sessile flowers and fruits from our and other herbarium collections from the Pamirs. We considered a possibility to attribute gatherings from the Pamirs to any other related species— B. atroviolaceum, B. rupestre, or B.gracillimum, but were forced to reject such possibility.</p> <p>B. atroviolaceum and B. rupestre clearly differ from other regarded species, including Pamirs plants in petal colour—dark violet or almost black against yellow in other species. They also can be easily distinguished from B. gracillimum and the newly described species from the Pamirs by broad and acute bracteoles, exceeding umbellets. The priority name for this species is B. rupestre. According to P.K.Mukherjee (Mukherjee &amp; Constance, 1993), it was wrongly treated (Nasir, 1972) as a synonym of B. longicaule DeCandolle (1830: 131). So, this is a critical species, treated differently by botanists from the adjacent countries. Unfortunately, we could not investigate the type material of B. rupestre, but in the type locality (Chur or Churdar Mt. in Himachal Pradesh, India), where the only cushion-like species of Bupleurum grows near the top, we collected plants, that match B. rupestre and B. atroviolaceum descriptions (“ India, Himachal Pradesh, Simla distr., northern slope of Choordar Mt., S of Sarain village, 30°52’ N, 77°30’E, alt. = 3640 m, 13 September 2000, Pimenov &amp; Kljuykov 201 “, MW!) We are sure that our material corresponds to B. rupestre, and then B. atroviolaceum is identical to it. Second our collection of B. ruperste was made in Kullu district (“ India Himachal Pradesh, Kullu district, Jalori Pass between Banjar and Ani, 31°20’N, 77°23’E, alt. = 3223 m, 11 September 2000. Pimenov &amp; Kljuykov 178 ”, MW!)</p> <p>B. gracillimum is probably the closest species to that being newly described here. We collected B.gracillimum with mature fruits high in the mountains, in Lahul &amp; Spiti district of the Indian state Himachal Pradesh (“ India, Himachal Pradesh, Lahul &amp; Spiti distr., Main Himalayan Range, upper Tsarap valley, near Kumjung Serai (Sarai Kilang), 32°49’N, 77°26’E, alt. = 4620 m, 29 August 2000, Pimenov &amp; Kljuykov 66 ”; “...Lingti plains, Tsarap Valley, near Sarchu, 32°52’N, 77°32’E, alt = 4480 m, 30 August 2000, Pimenov &amp; Kljuykov 70 ”;”…upper Spiti valley near Losar, 32°26’N, 77°44’E, alt. 4100 m, 08 September 2000, Pimenov &amp; Kljuykov 139 ”; “…Chandra valley near Chhatru, 32°19’N, 77°21’E, alt.= 3580 m, 10 September 2000, Pimenov &amp; Kljuykov 163 ”, MW!)). B. gracillimum has yellow flowers, but its stylopods are almost black, the number of bractelets is 6–9 (not 4–5 as in Pamirs plants), pedicels are shorter, stems are 2 mm in diam. (in Pamirs plants—more thin).The fruits of both species are similar, but not completely—in B. gracillimum they are longer (Fig. 2c). Podlech (Podlech &amp; Anders, 1977) determined the plants from “Wakhan corridor” just as B. gracillimum; however, checking a duplicate of their gathering in LE, we showed it to be identical to Pamirs plants.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F587A8325CFFC8FF5BF8346FC55CDD	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Pimenov, Michael G.;Kljuykov, Eugene V.	Pimenov, Michael G., Kljuykov, Eugene V. (2015): A new species of Bupleurum (Umbelliferae) from Badakhshan, with notes on and a key to the alpine species of High Asia. Phytotaxa 226 (3): 245-252, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.226.3.4, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.226.3.4
03F587A8325EFFC8FF5BFCA36C685AD3.text	03F587A8325EFFC8FF5BFCA36C685AD3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Bupleurum aitchisonii (Boiss. 1888) H. Wolff 1910	<div><p>1. Bupleurum aitchisonii (Boiss. 1888: 252) H. Wolff (1910:142).</p> <p>Basionym: Bupleurum olympicum Boiss. (1844: 149) var. aitchisonii Boiss. (1888: 252). Type:— AFGHANISTAN. Kurram valley, Afghanistan. Amongst stones at 12000 to 14000 feet, Sikaram, August 1878, Aitchison 929 (lectotype G-BOIS!; designated by Pimenov &amp; Jacquemoud (2015); isolectotypes BM!, C!, DD!, GH!, K!, LE!).</p> <p>Syn.: Bupleurum aitchisonii (Boiss. 1888: 252) H. Wolff (1910:142) var. abbreviatum H. Wolff (1910: 143). Type:— AFGHANISTAN. Afghanistan: auf Alpen des Kuram-Thales, Aitchison 929 (not traced).</p> <p>Procumbent, glabrous herbs; main stem abbreviate, branched from the base; leaves basal and cauline, linear, upper linear to lanceolate, amplexicaul; bracts 1–3, lanceolate to oval; rays 2–4, up to 1 cm long; bracteoles 5, linear; petals yellow with broad resin canal; stylopods brown; fruits 2–4 mm long, 1.5 mm broad; vallecular vittae 3–5 per furrow, commissural 4–6.</p> <p>Distribution:— India (W Himalaya: Jammu &amp; Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, Uttaranchal), Pakistan, Tajikistan, Afghanistan (NE; E).</p> <p>Notes:—The majority of gatherings, labeled as B. aitchisonii from Tajikistan, belong to the new species, B. pamiricum, which is described in this article. The distribution of B. aitchisonii in Tajikistan is confirmed, however, by a specimen from Khorog herbarium (Tajikistan, Gorno-Badakhshan, Barvoz village, Shakhdara ridge, stony slope of NE exposition, alt. = 3800 m, 15 August 1974. Zaprjagaev &amp; Dengubenko 556, KHOR!).</p> <p>2. Bupleurum condensatum Shan Renhwa &amp; Li Yin (1974: 279, tab. 56, fig. 1–9). Type:— CHINA. Qinghai: Gonghe Xian, Deheba, Yao ZhongWu 875 (holotype NAS).</p> <p>Low, slender herbs; stems numerous; all or the majority of leaves in basal rosette; leaf laminas narrowly lanceolate; bracts 5–6, linear; rays 4–7, 3–6 cm long, unequal; bracteoles 5, lanceolate; petals yellow to yellow-green; stylopods yellow or purplish; fruits 1.8–3.2 mm long, 1.8–2 mm broad; vallecular vittae solitary, commissural 2.</p> <p>Distribution:— China (Tibet: Qinghai).</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F587A8325EFFC8FF5BFCA36C685AD3	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Pimenov, Michael G.;Kljuykov, Eugene V.	Pimenov, Michael G., Kljuykov, Eugene V. (2015): A new species of Bupleurum (Umbelliferae) from Badakhshan, with notes on and a key to the alpine species of High Asia. Phytotaxa 226 (3): 245-252, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.226.3.4, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.226.3.4
03F587A8325EFFCEFF5BF8976D505D49.text	03F587A8325EFFCEFF5BF8976D505D49.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Bupleurum gracillimum Klotzsch 1862	<div><p>3. Bupleurum gracillimum Klotzsch (1862: 148) (Figs. 2c, 3b).</p> <p>Basionym: Bupleurum falcatum L. (1753: 237) var. gracillimum (Klotzsch 1862: 148) H. Wolff (1910: 132). Type:— INDIA. In Himalaya, Hoffmeister, s.n. (not traced).</p> <p>Procumbent herbs; main stem short,&gt; 2mm in diam., branched at the base; leaves basal and cauline, linear, remarkably broadened at the base, amplexicaul; bracts 2–5, linear; rays (2)3(5), filiform, 1–3 cm long; bracteoles 6–9, lanceolate to lanceolate-linear, equal or shorter than umbellets; petals yellow; stylopods almost black; fruits 3–5 mm long, 1.5 mm broad; vallecular vittae 3 per furrow, commissural 4–6.</p> <p>Distribution:— China (Tibet: Xizang A.R.), Nepal, India (W Himalaya: Jammu &amp; Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh); Pakistan, Afghanistan (NE).</p> <p>Notes:—According to some authors, the species is distributed easternmost, up to SW China. Li Yin &amp; Sheh Menglan (1979) and Sheh Menglan &amp; Watson (2005) listed the species for Sichuan, but the plant, pictured in Li Yin &amp; Sheh Menglan (1979: Fig 141) is not B. gracillimum Klotsch, but rather B. gracilipes Diels (1901: 493). Sheh Menglan &amp; Watson (2005) indicate that the latter is a “poorly known taxon recorded only from few collections”, but we have found it be rather frequent in Sichuan, where we collected it several times. The indication of B. gracillimum for Bhutan (Mukherjee &amp; Constance 1999; Watson 1999), as well as for Sikkim and Myanmar, is doubtful; however we have no reliable material of related Bupleurum species from these countries.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F587A8325EFFCEFF5BF8976D505D49	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Pimenov, Michael G.;Kljuykov, Eugene V.	Pimenov, Michael G., Kljuykov, Eugene V. (2015): A new species of Bupleurum (Umbelliferae) from Badakhshan, with notes on and a key to the alpine species of High Asia. Phytotaxa 226 (3): 245-252, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.226.3.4, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.226.3.4
03F587A83258FFCFFF5BFEE16BB65425.text	03F587A83258FFCFFF5BFEE16BB65425.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Bupleurum pamiricum Pimenov & Kljuykov 2015	<div><p>4. Bupleurum pamiricum Pimenov &amp; Kljuykov, sp. nov. (Figs. 1, 2, 3)</p> <p>Nostra species nova speciebus Bupleuro gracillimo et Bupleuro aitchisonii affinis est, sed ab illa, qui proxima est, caulibus tenuibus (1 mm non 2 mm in diam.), pedicellis longioribus (1.5–2 mm non 0.5–1 mm long), bracteolis 4–5, non 6–9, stylopodiis flavo-brunneis (non atroviolaceis), mericarpiis brevioribus (3.0– 3.5 mm,non 4–5 mm longis, 0.8–1.0 mm, non 1.2–1.3 mm latis) differt; a Bupleuro aitchisonii radicibus tenuibus (2–3 mm non 3–7 mm in diam.), caudicibus eramosis, foliis caulinis 3–6 (non 1–2) angustioribus, pedicellis longioribus, fere fructibus aequilongis bene dignoscitur.</p> <p>Type: — TAJIKISTAN. Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Province: the Pamirs, between Murgab and Dzhilandy, riv. Nichke-Dzhilga (tributary of Murgab river), 27 July 1981, Pimenov, Kljuykov, Baranova, Vasilieva &amp; Tomkovich 892 (MW).</p> <p>Procumbent, slender, polycarpic glabrous herbs; tap-root thin, 2–3 mm in diam.; rootstock not branched, covered with fibrous remains of dead leaves; stems several (up to 5–7), procumbent or ascending, thin (ca 1 mm in diam.), solid, 20–30 cm long, terete, with short primary branches; below umbel slightly ribbed; central stem not distinct. Leaves basal and cauline; basal leaves rosulate, entire, narrow linear, acute, ca 3–4 cm long, 1–1.5 mm wide, with 2 or 3 veins; stem leaves 3–6, slightly lesser than basal, sessile, often scarsely enlarged at the base; uppermost leaves 1–1.5 cm long. Terminal umbels 1.5–2 cm in diam, with peduncle 4–5 cm long; bracts 3–4, lanceolate-linear, with 3 veins; rays 3–5; strongly unequal; umbellets of 7–12 flowers; bracteoles 4 or 5, lanceolate, longer than pedicels; pedicels 1.5–2 mm long, slender. Calyx teeth lacking; petals light-yellow, convolute, 0.5–0.6 mm long, at tip nearly entire; stylopods brown, flattened; styles ca 0.6 mm long, reflexe. Fruits (not completely mature) glabrous, obovate to lanceolate, slightly compressed laterally; carpophore bifid, ribs subequal, short-keeled; exocarp of small cells with slightly thickened outer walls, commissure narrow, mesocarp parenchymatous, vittae 3–5 per furrow, 4–6 on commissural side; endosperm flat on commissural surface.</p> <p>Phenology:— Blooms in late June and July, probably the first half of August; not completely mature fruits—July–</p> <p>August; collections with mature fruits lacking; probably germinating seeds do not ripen each year.</p> <p>Distribution and habitat:— East (true) Pamirs in Tajikistan, i.e. alpine plateau in basins of Murgab and Ok-su rivers, and upper stream of Wakhandara river in Afghanistan (“Little Pamirs”) (Fig. 4). Although here are no data on distribution of the species in adjacent West Xinjiang (China) and Pakistan (especially in districts of Chitral and Hunza), but the plant may occur there.</p> <p>Etymology:— The specific epithet refers to the geographical origin of the species.</p> <p>Additional specimens examined:— TAJIKISTAN. Pamirs, from Karasu to Chatyrtash, 16 July 1901, O. Fedtschenko (LE!); Pamirs, basin of Murgab river, Kara-su. 26 Juny 1973. Pimenov et al. 1173 (MW!); East Pamirs, Chechekty, alt.= 4500 m, Ikonnikov (herbarium Chechekty!); Pamirs, Naizatash pass, alt.= 4130 m, 06 August 1969, Pimenov et al. 1812 (MW!); East Pamirs, mountain massif Aktash, W slope, screes, alt.= 4000 m, 09 Juny 1953, Ikonnikov (LE!); N Alichur ridge, left bank of Nichke-Dzhilga river, 8 km W of mouth, screes, alt.= 4200 m, 06 July 1963, Grebennikova 63 (LE!, TAD!); East Pamirs, valley of Ok-su, Kurgankol loco, 2–3 km from Shaiman, alt.= 4100 m. Abdusaljamova (TAD!).— AFGHANISTAN. Prov. Badakhshan, östlisher Wakhan, Qizil Qabchal Tal, S des Kol-e Cheqmaqtin, 4150–4350 m. 15 Juli 1971. Anders 7457 (LE!).</p> <p>5. Bupleurum rupestre Edgew. (1846: 52). Type:— INDIA. Himala, ad alt. ped. 11000–12000, in rupibus ad cacumen montis Chur, Edgeworth (holotype K!).</p> <p>Syn.: Bupleurum falcatum L. (1753: 237) var. nigrocarpum Jacquem. ex C.B. Clarke (1879: 676). Type:— PAKISTAN / INDIA. N.W.Himalaya; alt. 10000–14000 ft., Jacquemont 1492 (syntype K!).</p> <p>Syn.: Bupleurum aitchisonii (Boiss. 1888: 252) H. Wolff (1910:142) var. caudatum H. Wolff (1910: 143). Type:— INDIA. Himalaya: Lahul, an sonnigen Abhängen häufig [Lahul, Punjaub], 1865, Jaeschke 80 (holotype K!).</p> <p>Syn.: Bupleurum aitchisonii (Boiss. 1888: 252) H. Wolff (1910:142) var. atroviolaceum O.E. Schulz (1933: 876). ≡ Bupleurum atroviolaceum (O.E. Schulz 1933: 876) Nasir (1972: 54, fig. 16). Type:— INDIA. Nordwest-Indien: Luderwas above Sonamarg, alt. 13000 ft., 11 August 1928, Stewart 9880 (lectotype RAW; designated by Nasir (1972: 54) as “type”; isolectotypes K!, NY, UC).</p> <p>Syn.: Bupleurum falcatum L. (1753: 237) var. afghanicum Kitam. (1960: 284). Type:— AFGHANISTAN. Nuristan: Eschtaway, 05 August 1955, Kitamura (holotype KYO!).</p> <p>Procumbent or erect, slender herbs; stems simple or branching at the base; leaves basal and cauline, linear to linear lanceolate; bracts 1–4, lanceolate to ovate; rays 2–8, slender, unequal; bracteoles ovate to oval, exceeding or equal to umbellets; petals dark-red; stylopods deep-purple; fruits 2.5–3 mm long, 2 mm broad; vallecular vittae 3 per furrow, commissural 4.</p> <p>Distribution:— India (W Himalaya: Jammu &amp; Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, Uttaranchal), Pakistan, Afghanistan (NE; E).</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F587A83258FFCFFF5BFEE16BB65425	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Pimenov, Michael G.;Kljuykov, Eugene V.	Pimenov, Michael G., Kljuykov, Eugene V. (2015): A new species of Bupleurum (Umbelliferae) from Badakhshan, with notes on and a key to the alpine species of High Asia. Phytotaxa 226 (3): 245-252, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.226.3.4, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.226.3.4
