taxonID	type	description	language	source
03F587C0FFFBFFEFACCDD4A3FBF31714.taxon	etymology	Etymology: With reference to the location of this taxon. Saprobic on decaying, submerged wood in freshwater. Sexual morph: Ascostromata 240 – 270 μm diam, 340 – 550 μm high, solitary, scattered, black, immersed, unilocular, globose to subglobose, ostiole central. Peridium 30 – 50 μm, subhyaline to dark brown, composed of several layers of pseudoparenchymatous cells, outer layer dark brown, with thick-walled cells, arranged in a textura angularis, inner layer hyaline with flattened, thin-walled cells. Hamathecium composed of septate, hypha-like pseudoparaphyses, 1.5 – 2.5 μm wide, slightly constricted at the septa, ramified above asci with free ends, embedded in a gel matrix. Asci 77 – 146 × 16 – 19 μm (x = 111.5 × 17.5 μm, n = 20), 8 - spored, bitunicate, fissitunicate, clavate, apically rounded, dehiscence, endoascus narrow, coiled within ectoascus, ectoascus forming a long tail extension. Ascospores 24.5 – 27.5 × 8.5 – 10.5 μm (x = 26 × 9.5 μm, n = 20), obliquely uniseriate and partially overlapping, ellipsoid-fusiform, verruculose, upper end narrowly rounded, lower end tapering, slightly curved in side view, with 2 – 4 large refractive guttules, 1 - euseptate, septum submedian, hyaline when young, becoming brown when mature, thick-walled, verruculose, slightly constricted at the septum, surrounded by sheath. Asexual morph: Undetermined.	en	Luo, Zong-Long, Yang, Jing, Liu, Jian-Kui, Su, Hong-Yan, Bahkali, Ali H., Hyde, Kevin D. (2016): Two new species of Helicascus (Morosphaeriaceae) from submerged wood in northern Thailand. Phytotaxa 270 (3): 182-190, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.270.3.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.270.3.2
03F587C0FFFBFFEFACCDD4A3FBF31714.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined: — THAILAND. Chiang Rai Province, saprobic on decaying wood submerged in a pond, October 2013, Asanka Bandara, ZL- 11 (MFLU 15 – 0084, holotype); ex-type living culture, MFLUCC 13 - 0883, DLUCC; (HKAS 86459, isotype). Notes: — Helicascus chiangraiensis was collected from decaying wood submerged in a pond in Chiang Rai Province, Thailand. According to the key provided by Zhang et al. (2013), H. chiangraiensis is similar to H. aegyptiacus by its coiled endoascus, verruculose ascospores surrounded by a gelatinous sheath and both are collected from freshwater habitats. However, H. chiangraiensis differs from H. aegyptiacus in having unilocular, smaller ascostromata, while H. aegyptiacus has a longer ascostromata, pseudostromata with 2 – 3 (4) dark locules (Table 2). In addition, the molecular analysis also showed that these two species are phylogenetically distinct from each other.	en	Luo, Zong-Long, Yang, Jing, Liu, Jian-Kui, Su, Hong-Yan, Bahkali, Ali H., Hyde, Kevin D. (2016): Two new species of Helicascus (Morosphaeriaceae) from submerged wood in northern Thailand. Phytotaxa 270 (3): 182-190, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.270.3.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.270.3.2
03F587C0FFFDFFEDACCDD6BFFE891095.taxon	etymology	Etymology: With reference to uniseptate ascospores. Saprobic on decaying, submerged twigs in aquatic habitats, visible as masses of brown ascospores on the host surface. Sexual morph: Ascostromata 100 – 200 μm diam, 300 – 500 μm high, solitary or aggregated in small groups, black, immersed, subglobose or obovate, appearing as slightly raised regions with black ostioles, with periphyses, papillate, black. Peridium 40 – 48 μm, comprising three fused layers, outer layer darker, with thick-walled cells of textura globosa, middle layer pale brown with thin-walled cells of textura angularis, and inner layer hyaline with flattened, thin-walled cells. Hamathecium composed of septate, hypha-like pseudoparaphyses, 2.2 – 4.2 μm wide, constricted at the septa, ramified above asci with free ends, embedded in a gel matrix. Asci 130 – 240 × 16 – 26 μm (x = 165 × 22 μm, n = 25), 8 - spored, bitunicate, fissitunicate, clavate, long pedicellate, base of endoascus long, narrow and coiled within ectoascus, ectoascus uncoiling to form a long tail-like extension, apically rounded with a cylindrical ocular chamber. Ascospores 25 – 32 × 9 – 13 μm (x = 27 × 10 μm, n = 35), ellipsoid-fusiform, 2 - seriate, uniseptate, constricted at the septum, apical cell usually longer than basal cell, hyaline when young, becoming brown when mature, guttulate, smooth-walled, lacking a mucilaginous sheath. Asexual morph: Undetermined.	en	Luo, Zong-Long, Yang, Jing, Liu, Jian-Kui, Su, Hong-Yan, Bahkali, Ali H., Hyde, Kevin D. (2016): Two new species of Helicascus (Morosphaeriaceae) from submerged wood in northern Thailand. Phytotaxa 270 (3): 182-190, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.270.3.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.270.3.2
03F587C0FFFDFFEDACCDD6BFFE891095.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined: — THAILAND, Chiang Rai Province, stream flowing near ThamLuang Nang Non Cave, on submerged wood, 25 November 2014, Yang Jing, YJ- 4 (MFLU 15 – 1170, holotype); ex-type living culture, MFLUCC 15 – 0057. Notes: — Helicascus uniseptatus was collected from decaying wood submerged in a freshwater stream in Chiang Rai Province, Thailand. H. uniseptatus is similar to H. unilocularis by its unilocular ascostromata and ascospores with a smooth wall and lacking a mucilaginous sheath. However, H. uniseptatus differs from H. unilocularis in having smaller ascostromata (100 – 200 versus 200 – 220 μm), a thinner peridium (40 – 48 versus 50 – 65 μm), and longer ascospores (25 – 32 versus 23 – 25.8 μm). In addition, H. uniseptatus is phylogenetically close to H. elaterascus in the phylogenetic analysis (FIG. 1), but H. uniseptatus differs from H. elaterascus in having smaller ascostromata, and smooth ascospore lacking a mucilaginous sheath, while H. elaterascus has verruculose ascospores with mucilaginous sheath. Based on the morphological characters and phylogenetic analysis, we introduce this fungus as a new species in Helicascus.	en	Luo, Zong-Long, Yang, Jing, Liu, Jian-Kui, Su, Hong-Yan, Bahkali, Ali H., Hyde, Kevin D. (2016): Two new species of Helicascus (Morosphaeriaceae) from submerged wood in northern Thailand. Phytotaxa 270 (3): 182-190, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.270.3.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.270.3.2
