identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
03F287847245FFC5248FABAB3796FE18.text	03F287847245FFC5248FABAB3796FE18.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Alloclusia Hendel 1917	<div><p>Synonymy of Alloclusia</p> <p>Alloclusia syn. n. is here included as a new junior synonym of Apiochaeta because the type species of Apiochaeta (Heterochroa bicolor Schiner) and the type species of Alloclusia (Peratochetus) philippii Rondani) belong to the same clade (formerly treated as Alloclusia; see Fig. 50). The other two species included in Apiochaeta by Malloch (1933) form the sister group to this clade. These two species form a distinctive species group characterized by numerous external and genitalic characters (see discussion), the most notable of which</p> <p>are a strongly widened head (Fig. 2), inset posterior fronto-orbital bristles and a white patch on the notopleuron and postpronotum.</p> <p>1. Ratio of head height to width -0.77-0.91:1.00</p> <p>-0.61-0.68:1.00</p> <p>2. Face -as wide or wider than high, not recessed ventrally</p> <p>-higher than wide and recessed ventrally</p> <p>3. Gena -not produced</p> <p>-produced posteroventrally</p> <p>4. Length of mid fronto-orbital bristle -subequal to anterior and posterior fronto-orbitals</p> <p>-1/2-2/3 length of anterior and posterior fronto-orbitals</p> <p>5. Number of fronto-orbital bristles -three; sometimes minute reclinate bristle present behind inclinate bristle on one side only, or if one pair present, differing in length and both no more than 1/10 length anterior reclinate bristle</p> <p>-four</p> <p>6. Anterior two pairs of dorsocentral bristles -large and subequal in length to posterior dorsocentral (if three present) -distinctly shorter than posterior dorsocentral (if three present)</p> <p>7. Lateral scutellar bristles -small to well developed</p> <p>-at least one pair large and strong, close to length of apical scutellars</p> <p>8. Number of lateral scutellar bristles -two</p> <p>-one</p> <p>9. Frons -pruinose and not coloured as below</p> <p>-posterior corners of frons shiny brown to dark yellow</p> <p>10. Gena -shiny or pilose, but not as below</p> <p>-gena with dorsal white tomentose band, median yellow tomentose band, and ventral yellow shiny band</p> <p>11. Scutum -without floating median line</p> <p>-with floating brown median line</p> <p>12. Scutum -without white spot on postpronotum and notopleuron</p> <p>-notopleuron and posterior margin of postpronotum white; small spot below anterior notopleural bristle</p> <p>13. Dark spot at base of proepisternal bristle -absent</p> <p>-present</p> <p>14. Number of stripes on pleuron -zero or one</p> <p>-two</p> <p>15. Legs -tibiae and fore tarsi brown</p> <p>-legs yellow with tarsomeres and femora sometimes brown</p> <p>16. Male mid and hind femora -unpigmented</p> <p>-with subapical bands; mid femur sometimes extensively pigmented</p> <p>17 Fore and mid tarsi -not as below</p> <p>-yellow with distal tarsomere brown</p> <p>18. Light basal spot/stripe at base of fore -absent</p> <p>coxa</p> <p>......continued</p> <p>-present</p> <p>19. Occiput -yellow, brown, or not as below</p> <p>-with small spot immediately behind ventral margin of eye</p> <p>20. Tergite 1 -yellow or with brown spots</p> <p>-brown</p> <p>21. Wing -variable, but not as below</p> <p>-clouded along apex of R 2+3, R 4+5, M 1</p> <p>22. Wing -clear around dm-cu</p> <p>-darkly clouded around dm-Cu</p> <p>23. Wing -if with spot in fourth radial cell, then not reaching R 2+3</p> <p>-spot in fourth radial cell reaching R 2+3</p> <p>24. Wing -first radial cell mostly clear</p> <p>-first radial cell darkly clouded, at least on distal half</p> <p>Male characters.</p> <p>25. Surstylus -unmodified as below, or with small basal spur</p> <p>-with elaborations on inner face</p> <p>26. Surstylus -without dorsobasal lobe</p> <p>-with acute dorsobasal lobe</p> <p>27. Surstylus -straight or hooked dorsally</p> <p>-with elongate, hooked ventral lobe</p> <p>28. Surstylus -not as below</p> <p>-apex forming tear-shaped lobe</p> <p>29. Surstylus -without wide ridge</p> <p>-inner face with wide ridge</p> <p>30. Distiphallus -entire</p> <p>-bifid</p> <p>31. Distiphallus -if bifid, ends subequal</p> <p>-one prong of distiphallus reduced and more proximal</p> <p>Female characters.</p> <p>32. Female segments 6-8 -not, or only slightly, telescoped</p> <p>-strongly telescoped</p> <p>33. Female segment 7 -usually large and conical, but without medial sclerotization</p> <p>-large and conical with medial longitudinal desclerotization</p> <p>34. Spermathecal duct -clear</p> <p>-pigmented distally</p> <p>Synapomorphies of Apiochaeta.</p> <p>35. Hairs on arista -pubescent</p> <p>-short plumose</p> <p>36. Number of dorsocentral bristles -two</p> <p>-three</p> <p>37. Vein dm-cu -perpendicular to long axis of wing</p> <p>-oblique</p> <p>......continued</p> <p>38. Male tergite 6 -wide and setose</p> <p>-thin and bare</p> <p>39. Distiphallus -lateral lobe separate from phallus and weakly serrated</p> <p>-lateral lobe fused to phallus and heavily spinulose</p> <p>40. Ventral receptacle -sac-like or tube-like and smooth</p> <p>-sac-like with numerous transverse wrinkles and two longitudinal fur-</p> <p>rows</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F287847245FFC5248FABAB3796FE18	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Lonsdale, Owen;Marshall, Stephen A.	Lonsdale, Owen, Marshall, Stephen A. (2008): Revision of the temperate South American genus Apiochaeta Czerny, 1903, with synonymy of Alloclusia Hendel, 1917 (Diptera: Clusiidae). Zootaxa 1944 (1): 1-33, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1944.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.1944.1.1
03F287847241FFC6248FA85130C2FB8D.text	03F287847241FFC6248FA85130C2FB8D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Apiochaeta Czerny 1903	<div><p>Key to the species of Apiochaeta.</p> <p>1. First and second dorsocentral bristles as long as posterior bristle. At least one pair of lateral scutellar bristles subequal in length to apical scutellars. Three or four fronto-orbital bristles; mid fronto-orbital similar in length to posterior fronto-orbital. Head height more than ¾ width (Fig. 1). Face elongate and sunken ventrally (Fig. 1). Frons evenly pilose and without shiny posterolateral region. Gena without horizontal bands. Legs yellow, sometimes with femora and distal tarsomeres brown. Distiphallus slender apically (Fig. 37). Segments 6–8 of female abdomen strongly telescoped; tergite 7 usually large and conical with central longitudinal desclerotization. Spermathecal duct entirely unpigmented (Fig. 11)..........................2</p> <p>- First and second dorsocentral bristles short, conspicuously shorter than posterior bristle. Lateral scutellar bristles much shorter than apical scutellars. Three fronto-orbital bristles; mid fronto-orbital 1/2–2/3 length of other fronto-orbitals (Fig. 2). Head height approximately 2/3 width (Fig. 2). Face flat, and as wide (or wider) than long. Posterior corners of frons to base of posterior fronto-orbital shiny and brown to dark yellow. Gena with dorsal white tomentose band, median yellow tomentose band, and ventral yellow shiny band. Fore tibia and tarsi brown. Distiphallus with broad distal elaboration on right distal margin (Fig. 44). Female abdominal segments 6–8 not strongly telescoped, if at all; tergite 7 not as above. Spermathecal duct pigmented distally (Fig. 10).........................................................................................................15</p> <p>2. Pleuron with single horizontal stripe...........................................................................................................3</p> <p>- Pleuron with two horizontal stripes...........................................................................................................11</p> <p>3. Notal stripe wide posteriorly and acutely pointed anteriorly. M 1+2 ratio 3.1.................. A. bicolor (Schiner)</p> <p>- Notal stripe thin along entire length with ends rounded. M 1+2 ratio less than 2.5........................................4</p> <p>4. Costal and subcostal cells dark (Fig. 9)................................................... A. costalis (Malloch), comb. nov.</p> <p>- Costal and subcostal cells clear (Figs 5, 7&amp;8).............................................................................................5</p> <p>5. Two pairs of lateral scutellar bristles. Occiput entirely pale........................................................................6</p> <p>- One pair of lateral scutellar bristles. Occiput usually with brown spot.......................................................7</p> <p>6. Anterior and dorsal margins of first flagellomere extensively brown. Frons sometimes with faint medial stripe on anterior half and ocellar spot wide. Postvertical bristle well-developed. Pleural stripe sometimes absent in females. Wing clear. Surstylus with pronounced anterobasal lobe (Fig. 15)............................................................................................................................................ A. tincticornis (Malloch), comb. nov.</p> <p>- First flagellomere yellow with wide infuscation around base of arista. Frons with pigment restricted to ocellar tubercle. Postvertical bristle weak. Pleural stripe always present. Wing clear or clouded distally along R 2+3 and R 4+5 (usually also with cloud around dm-cu). Surstylus with small anterobasal lobe (Figs 17&amp;18)........................................................................................................ A. varia (Malloch), comb. nov.</p> <p>7. Wing clear or with very dark anterodistal stripe (Fig. 6). Male face yellow. Frons sometimes with additional posteromedial stripe. Surstylus wide, with subapical constriction (Figs 27&amp;28).............................................................................................................................................................. A. vitticollis (Blanchard)</p> <p>- Wing clear with clouds around dm-cu and apices of R 2+3, R 4+5 and M 1 (Fig. 7). Male face brown to dirty white. Frons with pigment restricted to ocellar tubercle. Surstylus thin and evenly tapering apically (Figs 13, 19&amp;21)...................................................................................................................................................8</p> <p>8. Both apical and lateral scutellar bristles very well-developed (comparable in size to each other and dorsocentral bristles). Length 3.8–6.0mm. Abdominal tergite 1 usually yellow.................................................9</p> <p>- Either apical or lateral scutellar bristles poorly developed (one pair of bristles 2/5 length of the other). Length 2.6–4.1mm. Abdominal tergite 1 brown.......................................................................................10</p> <p>9. Lower margin of anepimeron and katatergite yellow. Anepisternum only brown on dorsal half. First flagellomere with small infuscation around base of arista. Back of head in females with one pair of stripes radiating from foramen. Body length 4.0–6.0mm............................................................ A. lenticula sp. n.</p> <p>- Anepimeron and katatergite brown. Anepisternum brown with ventral margin yellow. First flagellomere with wide spot around base of arista in males, and sometimes entirely light brown (excluding basal margin) in females. Back of head in females at most with one pair of small lateral spots. Body length 3.8– 4.0mm............................................................................................................................... A. mallochi sp. n.</p> <p>10. Lateral scutellar bristles 2/5 length of apical scutellar bristles. Hind tibia light brown. Anatergite brown lateral to scutellum. Surstylus bifid, without internal process (Figs 13&amp;14).................. A. furcillata sp. n.</p> <p>- Apical scutellar bristles 2/5 length of lateral scutellar bristles. Hind tibia yellow. Anatergite entirely yellow. Surstylus undivided apically and with thin internal process (Figs 21&amp;22)............................................................................................................................................................ A. excepta (Malloch), comb. nov.</p> <p>11. Hairs on arista much longer than width of central filament. Two pairs of lateral scutellar bristles. Scutum with additional medial stripe. Proepisternum yellow around base of bristle. Males with mid and hind femora, proepisternum, and last tarsal segment of fore and mid legs yellow..................................................12</p> <p>- Hairs on arista not longer than central filament (Fig. 1). One pair of lateral scutellar bristles. Scutum without medial stripe. Proepisternum with brown spot around base of bristle. Males with subapical band on mid and hind femora, and last tarsal segment on fore and mid legs brown.................................................................................................................... A. similis complex (only males can be identified further) … 13</p> <p>12. Frons yellow with strong medial stripe (Fig. 1). Abdominal tergites 3–6 mostly brown. Cloud along dmcu extending to R 4+5 (Fig. 3). Surstylus abruptly hooked, forming a 90° angle along anterior margin (Fig. 23). Distiphallus slender distally (Fig. 41)............................................ A. philippii (Rondani), comb. nov.</p> <p>- Frons entirely yellow. Abdominal tergites 3–6 yellow with brown anterolateral spots (sometimes con- nected). Cloud along dm-cu rarely touching R 4+5 (Fig. 5). Surstylus evenly and gradually hooked (Fig. 25). Distiphallus strongly spinulose distally with subapical lobate projection (Fig. 39)................................................................................................................................................... A. chiloensis (Malloch), comb. nov.</p> <p>13. Back of head usually brown on ventral half (sometimes entirely yellow). Fore coxa usually with basal light brown stripe extending to midpoint of coxa (occasionally entirely pale). Apical lobe on surstylus approximately half height of epandrium and longer than basal section of surstylus (Fig. 31)......................................................................................................................... A. pictipennis (van der Wulp), comb. nov.</p> <p>- Back of head yellow, sometimes with one pair of spots or stripes radiating from foramen. Fore coxa with light basal spot. Apical lobe of surstylus small and lobate (height less than 1/3 that of the epandrium; Fig. 31), or broadly clavate and nearly as high as epandrium (Fig. 33)...........................................................14</p> <p>14. Surstylus with apical lobe small, distinctly less than half height of epandrium (Fig. 31)..................................................................................................................................................................... A. dacryodes sp. n.</p> <p>- Surstylus with apical lobe nearly as high as epandrium (Fig. 33)............ A. similis (Malloch), comb. nov.</p> <p>15. Mid dorsocentral bristle equidistant from anterior and posterior dorsocentrals. Notum sometimes entirely brown, but usually with yellow stripes and white humeral patches. Mid and hind legs tinged with brown, with dorsal surface of femora slightly darker. Surstylus relatively stout with small posterobasal lobe (Fig. 45). Male cerci less than half length of surstylus (Fig. 46). Distal hypandrial bristle absent (Fig. 44). Pregonite present................................................................................................................ A. aterrima Malloch</p> <p>- Mid dorsocentral bristle closer to anterior dorsocentral than posterior dorsocentral. Notum almost always yellow with one pair of brown medial stripes and one pair of white anterolateral patches (occasionally brown with white anterolateral patches). Mid and hind legs yellow, occasionally with dorsal apex of femora brownish. Surstylus thin and bifid with long posterobasal process (Fig. 48). Male cerci 2/3 length of surstylus (Fig. 49). Minute distal hypandrial bristle present (Fig. 47). Pregonite absent.................................................................................................................................................................... A. connexa Malloch</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F287847241FFC6248FA85130C2FB8D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Lonsdale, Owen;Marshall, Stephen A.	Lonsdale, Owen, Marshall, Stephen A. (2008): Revision of the temperate South American genus Apiochaeta Czerny, 1903, with synonymy of Alloclusia Hendel, 1917 (Diptera: Clusiidae). Zootaxa 1944 (1): 1-33, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1944.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.1944.1.1
03F287847243FFC9248FA9F1375EFA75.text	03F287847243FFC9248FA9F1375EFA75.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Apiochaeta Czerny 1903	<div><p>Apiochaeta Czerny, 1903</p> <p>Heterochroa Schiner, 1868: 236. Type species, Heterochroa picta Schiner, by original designation (= philippii Rondani). A junior homonym of Heterochroa Boisduval, 1836 (Nymphalidae).</p> <p>Apiochaeta Czerny, 1903: 98. Type species, Heterochroa bicolor Schiner, subsequent designation (Soós 1968: 2). Melander &amp; Argo 1924: 6; Malloch 1933: 238; Stuardo Ortiz 1946: 150.</p> <p>Alloclusia Hendel, 1917: 36. Type species, Peratochetvs philippii Rondani, by original designation. Melander &amp; Argo 1924: 32; Malloch 1933: 238; Stuardo Ortiz 1946: 149. Syn. nov.</p> <p>Diagnosis. Three dorsocentral bristles (evenly-spaced in all species except A. connexa). Three or four frontoorbital bristles (anterior bristle inclinate, remainder reclinate); frons covered with minute black setulae. Mid tibia with dorsal preapical bristle. Subnotal stripe present. M 1+2 ratio less than 2.5 (3.1 in A. bicolor). Vein dmcu oblique. Basiphallus with curled joint articulating with base of distiphallus. Two or three hypandrial bristles present. Distiphallus with one pair of long basal spinulose projections. Ventral receptacle slightly flattened dorsoventrally and recurved ventrally, with numerous transverse wrinkles and one pair of ventral longitudinal grooves.</p> <p>Generic description:</p> <p>General. Length 3.0–7.8mm. Body slender, colour yellow with brown to black pattern; scutum almost always bivittate and pleuron almost always with subnotal stripe; face usually brown to black. Tergite 1 and female terminalia yellow to white with remainder of abdomen variously patterned. Angular extensions on outer and inner margins of pedicel acute. Arista black with base white; sparsely plumose to pubescent. Lateral margins of frons parallel; minutely pilose and with scattered black setulae. Gena and parafacial shiny to vari- ously pilose. M 1+2 ratio 1.1–3.1. Vein dm-cu oblique. Wing usually infuscated along apex and around crossveins.</p> <p>Chaetotaxy. Bristles brown to black. Anterior two fronto-orbital bristles close to each other on anterior margin of frons and posterior bristle on posteromedial margin; sometimes small additional reclinate bristle present. Ocellar and postvertical bristles divergent and usually strong. Three pairs of dorsocentral bristles (evenly-spaced in all species except A. connexa). One pair of strong prescutellar acrostichal bristles. Scutellum with one or two pairs of lateral bristles and one pair of cruciate apical bristles. Mid tibia with dorsal preapical bristle. Venter of male fore and mid femora with one anterior row and two posterior rows of strong closely spaced bristles (first posterior row shorter than second).</p> <p>Male abdomen. Tergites 1 and 2 fused; sternite 1 reduced to thin, weakly sclerotized band; tergites 3–6 and sternites 2–5 complete. Abdomen encircled by “annulus” comprised of fused sternites 6–8 and tergite 7 (homology of this latter sclerite uncertain – possibly derived from right margin of sternite 8); sternite 8 dorsal and setose; sternite 7 on left side between sternites 6 and 8 and heavily sclerotized anteriorly; sternite 6 fused to sternite 7 along dorsal margin, attached to sternite 8 ventrally by weakly sclerotized section and heavily sclerotized anteriorly; tergite 7 sometimes present (large and distinct or small and inseparable from margin of sternite 8). Spiracles in membrane ventral to tergites 1–5, dorsolaterally between sternites 6 and 7, and ventrally between sternites 6 and 8. Epandrium dome-shaped and at least as wide as preabdomen. Surstylus at least 4/5 length of epandrium with numerous short, stout bristles on inner face. Cerci fused, small, setulose, lobate, slightly projecting and medially emarginate. Hypandrial arm elongate; ventrolateral lobe well-developed with two strong medial bristles and sometimes one minute distal bristle. Phallapodeme well developed. Pregonite ovate to rectangular and with several bristles. Postgonite lobate with several distal setulae. Basiphallus “C” shaped with curled distal joint articulating with distiphallus. Epiphallus small and fin-like. Distiphallus elongate, strongly bent, weakly sclerotized medially, and basally fused to one pair of elongate spinulose lateral lobes.</p> <p>Female abdomen. Tergites 1 and 2 fused; sternite 1 reduced to thin, weakly sclerotized strip; tergites 3 to 6 and sternites 2 to 6 complete. Segments 7 and 8 narrowed into long, thin tube; segments separated by long membranous area, sometimes equaling segment length; segment 7 large, strongly sclerotized, and with thin dorsomedial desclerotization; terminal segments often deeply telescoped. Sternite 8 bifid, at least on distal fourth, and divided lengthwise by weakly sclerotized line. Cercus thin and approximately 3/4 length of sternite 8. Spiracles in membrane below tergites on segments 1 to 7. One pair of weakly sclerotized, unpigmented, spherical and smooth-surfaced spermathecae. Spermathecal ducts thin and weakly sclerotized. Ventral receptacle slightly flattened dorsoventrally and recurved ventrally, with numerous transverse wrinkles and one pair of ventral longitudinal grooves.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F287847243FFC9248FA9F1375EFA75	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Lonsdale, Owen;Marshall, Stephen A.	Lonsdale, Owen, Marshall, Stephen A. (2008): Revision of the temperate South American genus Apiochaeta Czerny, 1903, with synonymy of Alloclusia Hendel, 1917 (Diptera: Clusiidae). Zootaxa 1944 (1): 1-33, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1944.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.1944.1.1
03F28784724CFFC9248FAB0637F3F8C9.text	03F28784724CFFC9248FAB0637F3F8C9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Apiochaeta aterrima Malloch 1933	<div><p>Apiochaeta aterrima Malloch, 1933</p> <p>Figs 2, 44–46</p> <p>Apiochaeta aterrima Malloch, 1933: 244.</p> <p>Apiochaeta aequalis Malloch, 1933: 245. Syn. n.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F28784724CFFC9248FAB0637F3F8C9	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Lonsdale, Owen;Marshall, Stephen A.	Lonsdale, Owen, Marshall, Stephen A. (2008): Revision of the temperate South American genus Apiochaeta Czerny, 1903, with synonymy of Alloclusia Hendel, 1917 (Diptera: Clusiidae). Zootaxa 1944 (1): 1-33, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1944.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.1944.1.1
03F28784724EFFCB248FA8E4365AF980.text	03F28784724EFFCB248FA8E4365AF980.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Apiochaeta bicolor (Schiner 1868) , Czerny 1903	<div><p>Apiochaeta bicolor (Schiner, 1868)</p> <p>Heterochroa bicolor Schiner, 1868: 237.</p> <p>Apiochaeta bicolor, Czerny, 1903: 98. Malloch, 1933: 243.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F28784724EFFCB248FA8E4365AF980	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Lonsdale, Owen;Marshall, Stephen A.	Lonsdale, Owen, Marshall, Stephen A. (2008): Revision of the temperate South American genus Apiochaeta Czerny, 1903, with synonymy of Alloclusia Hendel, 1917 (Diptera: Clusiidae). Zootaxa 1944 (1): 1-33, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1944.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.1944.1.1
03F28784724FFFCD248FABE8314FFA1B.text	03F28784724FFFCD248FABE8314FFA1B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Apiochaeta chiloensis (Malloch 1933) Lonsdale & Marshall 2008	<div><p>Apiochaeta chiloensis (Malloch, 1933), comb. n.</p> <p>Figs 5, 25, 26, 40</p> <p>Alloclusia chiloensis Malloch, 1933: 238.</p> <p>Description (Fig. 5)</p> <p>Male. Body length 6.4mm. Arista sparsely plumose. Four fronto-orbital bristles; anterior reclinate bristle small and second reclinate bristle intermediate in length between anterior and posterior reclinate bristles. Two pairs of long lateral scutellar bristles. Scutum yellow with one pair of stripes attaining transverse suture; thin medial line present. Lateral margin of scutellum brown. Laterotergites yellow. Pleuron yellow excluding subnotal stripe and horizontal stripe along anterodorsal margin of katepisternum. Legs yellow. Head yellow with ocellar tubercle, face, inner margin of parafacial and lower margin of gena brown. Abdomen yellow except as follows: tergite 2 with one anteromedial and two posterolateral spots; tergites 3–5 with one pair of anterolateral spots; tergites 3 and 4 sometimes with median transverse stripe; tergite 5 sometimes with wide transverse posterior spot; epandrium brown (excluding distal margin). Wing narrowly to extensively infuscated along veins on distal half and around dm-cu.</p> <p>Female. As described for male except as follows: head yellow with ocellar tubercle brown; abdomen yellow with one pair of lateral subapical spots on tergites 2–4 (sometimes connected and occasionally continuing anteriorly as medial stripe) and with posteromedial spot on tergites 5 and 6.</p> <p>Male terminalia (Figs 25, 26 &amp; 40)</p> <p>Annulus well developed; tergite 7 small and separated from sternite 8 by thin suture, with margins of both sclerites continuous. Length of epandrium slightly less than half height; width 4/5 height. Surstylus 7/10 length of epandrium, acute, strongly hooked, inner face with small ovate projection and basal ridge, and with numerous stout, short, pointed bristles along margins and along inner projection and basal ridge; outer face bristled on posterior half. Hypandrium with ventral lobe thin and slightly elongate with one minute and two long distal bristles. Pregonite thin and curved with three distal setulae. Postgonite large and elongate with two distal setulae. Right margin of distiphallus elongate with smooth, clavate, subapical lobe; apex of right lateral sclerotization minutely spinulose; lateral spinulose lobe with acute lateromedial projection.</p> <p>Holotype: CHILE. Chiloé: Chiloé I., F.&amp;M. Edwards, Castro, 20–22.xi.1926 (♂, BMNH).</p> <p>Paratype examined: CHILE. Chiloé: S Chile, Chiloé I., Mechuque I., 23.xii.1926 (♀, BMNH).</p> <p>Additional material examined: CHILE. Cautín: Carahue-Cautín, Monte Verde, 600m, 29.i–2.ii.1993, ex. yellow pan traps, L. Peña (♂, CNC), 10mi NE Pucón, 12.i.1951, Ross &amp; Michelbacher (2♀, CASC),</p> <p>Chiloé: Isla Chiloé, Ahoni Alto, ix.1998, L.E. Peña (3♂ ♀, CMNH), Curicó: Fundo La Montana, Estero La Palma at Río Teno 6km E Los Queñes, 4.i.1967, M.E. Irwin (♀, CASC), Concepción: 62 km S San Pedro, 12.xii.1982 – 2.i.1983, A. Newton &amp; M. Thayer (♂, CNC), S Concepción, Laraquete, 10–25.i.1993, P. Salinas (♂, CNC), Linares: Malcho – 750m, Parral-Talca, 24–26.i.1993, mixed forest, yellow pan trap, L. Peña (3♂, CNC; 3♂, DEBU), Pata de Gallina, 10–26.i.1993, ex. yellow pan traps, P. Salinas (♂, CNC), <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-72.916664&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-37.666668" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -72.916664/lat -37.666668)">Malleco</a>: Nahuelbuta N.P. Contulmo, 37°40’S, 72°55’W, 1.ii.1967, E.I. Schlinger (♀, CASC), R.I.X, PN <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-72.973335&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-37.825" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -72.973335/lat -37.825)">Nahuelbuta</a>, 8–24.ii. 2005, 1168m, 37°49’30”S, 72°58’24”W, Malaise trap in meadow and Nothofagus, UCR AtoL (2♀, CNC), Ñuble: 40km E San Carlos, 23.xi.1950, Ross &amp; Michelbacher (♂, CASC).</p> <p>Comments: Apiochaeta chiloensis and A. philippii are the only Apiochaeta with a median notal stripe and a plumose arista. These species can be separated using couplet 13 in the key.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F28784724FFFCD248FABE8314FFA1B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Lonsdale, Owen;Marshall, Stephen A.	Lonsdale, Owen, Marshall, Stephen A. (2008): Revision of the temperate South American genus Apiochaeta Czerny, 1903, with synonymy of Alloclusia Hendel, 1917 (Diptera: Clusiidae). Zootaxa 1944 (1): 1-33, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1944.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.1944.1.1
03F287847248FFCD248FAB6C3718F900.text	03F287847248FFCD248FAB6C3718F900.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Apiochaeta connexa Malloch 1933	<div><p>Apiochaeta connexa Malloch, 1933</p> <p>Figs 10, 47–49</p> <p>Apiochaeta connexa Malloch, 1933: 244.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F287847248FFCD248FAB6C3718F900	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Lonsdale, Owen;Marshall, Stephen A.	Lonsdale, Owen, Marshall, Stephen A. (2008): Revision of the temperate South American genus Apiochaeta Czerny, 1903, with synonymy of Alloclusia Hendel, 1917 (Diptera: Clusiidae). Zootaxa 1944 (1): 1-33, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1944.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.1944.1.1
03F28784724AFFCF248FAFB437B0F986.text	03F28784724AFFCF248FAFB437B0F986.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Apiochaeta costalis (Malloch 1933) Lonsdale & Marshall 2008	<div><p>Apiochaeta costalis (Malloch, 1933), comb. n.</p> <p>Fig. 9</p> <p>Alloclusia costalis Malloch, 1933: 239.</p> <p>Description (Fig. 9)</p> <p>Male. Body length 4.3mm. Arista pubescent. Three fronto-orbital bristles with posterior bristle slightly inset. Acrostichal bristle absent. Two pairs of small lateral scutellar bristles. Scutum yellow with one pair of faded brown postsutural stripes that do not reach posterior margin. Scutellum yellow. Laterotergites brown lateral to scutellum. Pleuron and legs yellow with anepimeron and dorsal suture of anepisternum brown. Head yellow with; face and parafacial light yellow, gena and occiput white, ocellar tubercle brown and parafacial and dorsal half of gena silvery tomentose. Abdomen brown with terminalia yellow. Wing dark in subcostal cell and lightly clouded around apices of R 2+3 and R 4+5.</p> <p>Female. As described for male except anepimeron yellow.</p> <p>Male terminalia. Not dissected. Surstylus most similar to that of A. furcillata, but posterior process reduced to posterobasal lobe.</p> <p>Holotype: ARGENTINA. Río Negro: Bariloche, Agr., xi.1926, R.&amp;E.S. Shannon (♂, USNM).</p> <p>Additional material examined: CHILE. Arauco: Peilles-Pilli., Cord. Nahuelbuta, 19.i.1954, 6– 800m, L. Peña (♀, CNC), R.I.X, PN Nahuelbuta, 8–24.ii. 2005, 1168m, 37°49’30”S, 72°58’24”W, Malaise trap in meadow and Nothofagus, UCR AtoL (♀, CNC).</p> <p>Comments: The wing of Apiochaeta costalis is unique in that it is almost entirely unpigmented in all areas except the subcostal cell, which is very dark.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F28784724AFFCF248FAFB437B0F986	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Lonsdale, Owen;Marshall, Stephen A.	Lonsdale, Owen, Marshall, Stephen A. (2008): Revision of the temperate South American genus Apiochaeta Czerny, 1903, with synonymy of Alloclusia Hendel, 1917 (Diptera: Clusiidae). Zootaxa 1944 (1): 1-33, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1944.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.1944.1.1
03F28784724AFFCF248FABFE344EF923.text	03F28784724AFFCF248FABFE344EF923.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Apiochaeta dacryodes Lonsdale & Marshall 2008	<div><p>Apiochaeta dacryodes sp. n.</p> <p>Figs 29, 30</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F28784724AFFCF248FABFE344EF923	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Lonsdale, Owen;Marshall, Stephen A.	Lonsdale, Owen, Marshall, Stephen A. (2008): Revision of the temperate South American genus Apiochaeta Czerny, 1903, with synonymy of Alloclusia Hendel, 1917 (Diptera: Clusiidae). Zootaxa 1944 (1): 1-33, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1944.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.1944.1.1
03F287847254FFD1248FA9113411FB46.text	03F287847254FFD1248FA9113411FB46.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Apiochaeta furcillata Lonsdale & Marshall 2008	<div><p>Apiochaeta furcillata sp. n.</p> <p>Figs 13, 14, 35</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F287847254FFD1248FA9113411FB46	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Lonsdale, Owen;Marshall, Stephen A.	Lonsdale, Owen, Marshall, Stephen A. (2008): Revision of the temperate South American genus Apiochaeta Czerny, 1903, with synonymy of Alloclusia Hendel, 1917 (Diptera: Clusiidae). Zootaxa 1944 (1): 1-33, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1944.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.1944.1.1
03F287847254FFD1248FAC54376DFE58.text	03F287847254FFD1248FAC54376DFE58.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Apioochaeta excepta (Malloch 1933) Lonsdale & Marshall 2008	<div><p>Apioochaeta excepta (Malloch, 1933), comb. n.</p> <p>Figs 21, 22, 38</p> <p>Alloclusia excepta Malloch, 1933: 241.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F287847254FFD1248FAC54376DFE58	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Lonsdale, Owen;Marshall, Stephen A.	Lonsdale, Owen, Marshall, Stephen A. (2008): Revision of the temperate South American genus Apiochaeta Czerny, 1903, with synonymy of Alloclusia Hendel, 1917 (Diptera: Clusiidae). Zootaxa 1944 (1): 1-33, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1944.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.1944.1.1
03F287847255FFD2248FAB493106FDDB.text	03F287847255FFD2248FAB493106FDDB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Apiochaeta lenticula Lonsdale & Marshall 2008	<div><p>Apiochaeta lenticula sp. n.</p> <p>Figs 7, 19, 20, 39</p> <p>Description (Fig. 7)</p> <p>Male. Body length 4.0–6.0mm. Arista pubescent. Postvertical bristle half length of ocellar bristle. Three fronto-orbital bristles. One pair of lateral scutellar bristles (paratype with two pairs on right side) that are longer than apical pair. Scutum yellow with one pair of stripes extending slightly past suture. Scutellum yellow. Pleuron yellow with brown subnotal stripe on anepimeron, katatergite, and dorsal half of anepisternum (ventral margins of sclerites yellow, sometimes excluding katatergite), occasionally continuing onto lateral half of postpronotum. Legs yellow. Head yellow with ocellar tubercle brown, face brown to dirty white, gena white, parafacial brown, occiput white with dark yellow to brown spot behind lower margin of eye, back of head with one pair stripes radiating from foramen and first flagellomere usually with small infuscation around base of arista; occiput and dorsal 1/3 of gena silvery tomentose. Abdomen brown with tergite 1 and surstylus yellow. Wing clouded around dm-cu and around tips of R 2+3, R 4+5 and M 1.</p> <p>Female. As described for male except as follows: face and parafacial yellow; stripes behind head sometimes very thin; anatergite sometimes light brown lateral to scutellum; tergite 2 sometimes with one pair of central yellow spots (if central spots absent, posterior margins of tergites 3–5 variously yellow medially).</p> <p>Male terminalia (Figs 19, 20 &amp; 39). Annulus well developed with tergite 7 weak. Height, length and width of epandrium subequal. Cerci small and rounded with shallow medial emargination. Surstylus nearly as high as epandrium, strongly hooked, thin distally and with transverse basal shelf; small rounded bristles along margin of shelf and along inner-distal margin. Phallapodeme thick medially and sinuate on anterior margin. Hypandrial arm well developed and ventral lobe thin with two long medial bristles. Basiphallus well developed. Epiphallus curved anteriorly. Pregonite nearly ovate with five medial bristles. Postgonite stout and elongate with three distal bristles. Distiphallus with right margin long and bifid (apical forks unequal in length); lateral sclerotizations minutely spinulose at midpoint and with minute medial process.</p> <p>Etymology: The specific name is derived from the Latin for “freckle”, referring to the spot on the occiput of this, and two related species.</p> <p>Holotype: CHILE. Aysén: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-72.5&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-45.416668" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -72.5/lat -45.416668)">Río</a> Mañiguales, 72°30’W, 45°25’S, 26–28.i.1961, L.E. Peña (♂, CNC).</p> <p>Paratypes: CHILE. Arauco: Pichinahuel, Cord. Nahuelbuta, 15.i.1959, L.E. Peña (♀, CNC), Aysén: Puerto Aysén, 24–26.i.1961 (♀, DEBU), Río Mañiguales, 72°30’W, 45°25’S, 26–28.i.1961, L.E. Peña (♀, CNC; ♂, DEBU), Puerto Cisnes, 72°40’W, 44°45’S, 16–28.ii.1961, L.E. Peña (♀, CNC; ♀, USNM), <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-72.666664&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-44.75" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -72.666664/lat -44.75)">Puerto Cristal</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-72.666664&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-44.75" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -72.666664/lat -44.75)">Lag.</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-72.666664&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-44.75" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -72.666664/lat -44.75)">Buenos Aires</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-72.666664&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-44.75" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -72.666664/lat -44.75)">Aysén</a>, 9–10.i.1961, L. Peña (♀, CNC), Chiloé: Isla Chiloé, Ahoni Alto, ix.1998, L.E. Peña (♀, CMNH), Osorno: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-73.71667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-40.466667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -73.71667/lat -40.466667)">Pucatrihue</a>, 4.ii.1967, E.I. Schlinger, 40°28’S, 73°43’W (♀, CASC),</p> <p>Valdivia: Pto. Fui, 16–20.ii.1978, L.E. Peña (♀, DEBU).</p> <p>Additional material examined: CHILE: Chiloé: S Chile, Chiloé I., F.&amp;M. Edwards, Ancud, 17– 19.xii.1926 (♀, BMNH) [paratype of A. excepta], Concepción: 62 km S San Pedro, 12.xii.1982 – 2.i.1983, A. Newton &amp; M. Thayer (♂, CNC), Malleco: R.I.X, PN Nahuelbuta, 8–24.ii. 2005, 1168m, 37°49’30”S, 72°58’24”W, Malaise trap in meadow and Nothofagus, UCR AtoL (2♀, CNC).</p> <p>Comments: Apiochaeta excepta, A. mallochi and A. lenticula all have a single pair of lateral scutellar bristles and a small dark yellow to dark brown spot immediately behind the ventral margin of the eye. Apiochaeta lenticula differs from A. excepta in that it has a more slender hook on the surstylus (similar to A. mallochi) and a well-developed pair of apical scutellar bristles. Apiochaeta lenticula can be most easily separated from A. mallochi by the difference in size and the colour of the head and pleuron.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F287847255FFD2248FAB493106FDDB	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Lonsdale, Owen;Marshall, Stephen A.	Lonsdale, Owen, Marshall, Stephen A. (2008): Revision of the temperate South American genus Apiochaeta Czerny, 1903, with synonymy of Alloclusia Hendel, 1917 (Diptera: Clusiidae). Zootaxa 1944 (1): 1-33, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1944.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.1944.1.1
03F287847257FFD2248FAF2C31F7FA15.text	03F287847257FFD2248FAF2C31F7FA15.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Apiochaeta mallochi Lonsdale & Marshall 2008	<div><p>Apiochaeta mallochi sp. n.</p> <p>Description</p> <p>Male. As described for A. lenticula except as follows: length 3.8–4.0mm; male with wide light brown to brown spot on first flagellomere around base of arista; spot on occiput dark yellow to light brown; anepisternum brown excluding ventral margin; anepimeron and katatergite (excluding posterior margin) brown.</p> <p>Female. As described for male except as follows: first flagellomere (excluding basal margin) sometimes light brown; back of head yellow, sometimes with one pair of faded lateral spots; abdomen sometimes entirely brown (excluding terminalia); if tergite 1 yellow, then anterior margin of tergites 3 and 4 yellow, or tergites 2– 4 yellow with posterior corners brown.</p> <p>Male terminalia. As described for A. lenticula except tergite 7 small and with strong central invagination.</p> <p>Etymology: The specific name honours J.R. Malloch, who revised the Chilean Clusiidae in 1933.</p> <p>Holotype: CHILE. Concepción: 62 km S San Pedro, 12.xii.1982 – 2.i.1983, A. Newton &amp; M. Thayer (♂, CNC).</p> <p>Paratypes: CHILE. Aysén: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-72.5&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-45.416668" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -72.5/lat -45.416668)">Río Mañiguales</a>, 72°30’W, 45°25’S, L.E. Peña, 26–28.i.1961 (♀, DEBU), 21–28.i.1961 (♀, CNC), <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-72.683334&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-44.75" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -72.683334/lat -44.75)">Puerto Cisnes</a>, 72°41’W, 44°45’S, 16–28.ii.1961, L.E. Peña (♀, USNM), Cautín: Los Coiqües, L. Villar, 16–31.xii.1964 (♀, CNC), Concepción: Same collection as holotype (3♂ ♀, CNC; 2♂, DEBU; ♂, USNM).</p> <p>Comments: Apiochaeta mallochi most closely resembles A. excepta and A. lenticula, but unlike A. excepta, tergite 1 is yellow, the lateral scutellar bristles are stronger than the apical bristles, and the male genitalia resemble those of A. lenticula. Compared to A. lenticula, A. mallochi is smaller, darker, there are no stripes behind the female head and male tergite 7 is smaller and more poorly-developed.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F287847257FFD2248FAF2C31F7FA15	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Lonsdale, Owen;Marshall, Stephen A.	Lonsdale, Owen, Marshall, Stephen A. (2008): Revision of the temperate South American genus Apiochaeta Czerny, 1903, with synonymy of Alloclusia Hendel, 1917 (Diptera: Clusiidae). Zootaxa 1944 (1): 1-33, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1944.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.1944.1.1
03F287847257FFD5248FAB693175FA1B.text	03F287847257FFD5248FAB693175FA1B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Apiochaeta philippii (Rondani 1863) Lonsdale & Marshall 2008	<div><p>Apiochaeta philippii (Rondani, 1863), comb. n.</p> <p>Figs 3, 23, 24, 41</p> <p>Peratochaetvs Philippii Rondani, 1863: 43.</p> <p>Heterochroa picta Schiner, 1868: 236. Van der Wulp, 1882: 91. Handlirsch, 1885: 141. Syn. Czerny 1903.</p> <p>Gimnomera (?) pinocheti Brèthes 1924: 107. Syn. Malloch 1933.</p> <p>Alloclusia philippii, Melander &amp; Argo, 1924: 32. Malloch, 1933: 235.</p> <p>Description (Fig. 3)</p> <p>Male. Body length 6.3mm. Arista sparsely plumose. Four fronto-orbital bristles; reclinate bristles slightly decreasing in length anteriorly. Two long and strong lateral scutellar bristles (posterior bristle slightly smaller). Scutum yellow with one pair of stripes not reaching anterior margin and with faint median line. Scutellum yellow with one pair of brown lateral stripes. Katatergite brown and anatergite yellow. Pleuron yellow with subnotal stripe and one longitudinal stripe on katepisternum. Legs yellow. Head yellow with ocellar spot wide and circular, frons with median stripe and face sometimes with light brown spot. Abdomen brown with tergite 1, annulus and surstylus yellow, anterior corner and posteromedial margin of tergite 6 yellow and tergite 2 sometimes yellow centrally. Wing clouded around dm-cu and in first, second and third radial cells (excluding base and central clear spot).</p> <p>Female. Externally as described for male except as follows: tergite 2 yellow centrally; tergites 3 and 4 yellow posteromedially; tergites 5 and 6 brown; anterior half of tergite 7 brown; remainder of abdomen yellow.</p> <p>Male terminalia (Fig. 23, 24 &amp; 41)</p> <p>Externally as described for A. chiloensis except as follows: hook of surstylus stout and bent at 90° on anterior margin; inner basal ridge of surstylus pronounced. Internal genitalia as described for A. lenticula except as follows: epiphallus small and lobate; pregonite small and lobate with four minute bristles; lateral spinulose projection unbranched; distiphallus without medial spinulose patches.</p> <p>Neotype: CHILE. Concepción: S Concepción, Laraquete, 10–25.i.1993, P. Salinas (♂, CNC).</p> <p>Additional material examined: CHILE. Biobío: i.1900, E.P. Reed (♀, CASC), E.P. Reed, 1933 (2♀, CASC), i.1900, P. Herbst (♀, CASC), Cauquenes RN Los Ruiles, 25kmNW <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-72.53333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-35.816666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -72.53333/lat -35.816666)">Cauquenes</a>, 35°49’S, 72°32’W, 300–450m, 26–28.xi.1992, D. Burckhardt #16 (♀, MHNG), Cautín: 10mi NE Pucón, 12.i.1951, Ross &amp; Michelbacher (♀, CASC), 12km NE Pucón, 380m, 12.i.1951, Ross &amp; Michelbacher (♂ 2♀, CASC), 20km E Temuco, 8.i.1951, Ross &amp; Michelbacher (3♂ ♀, CASC), Chiloé: Isla Chiloé, Ahoni Alto, ix.1998, L.E. Peña (3♂ 9♀, CMNH), Chiloé N.P., Cucao, 4–6.r.1991/ 30m, Burckhardt &amp; Agosti (♂, MHNG), Concepción: S Concepción, Laraquete, 10–25.i.1993, P. Salinas (♂, CNC), Linares: Malcho – 750m, Parral–Talca, 24– 26.i.1993, mixed forest, yellow pan trap, L. Pena (♀, CNC), Llanquihue: Los Muermos forest, Ross &amp; Michelbacher, 20.i.1951 (♀ ♂, CASC), 19.i.1951 (4♀ 3♂, CASC), El Chinque N of Correntoso, i.1990, L. Peña (♀, CNC), Malleco: Palo Botado, Cord. Nahuelbuta, N.P. Contulmo, 37°40’S, 72°55’W (♂, CASC), R.I.X, PN <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-72.973335&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-37.825" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -72.973335/lat -37.825)">Nahuelbuta</a>, 8–24.ii. 2005, 1168m, 37°49’30”S, 72°58’24”W, Malaise trap in meadow and Nothofagus, UCR AtoL (2♀, CNC), Ñuble: 2.7km, Las Trancas, 29.i.1967, Malaise trap, E.I. Schlinger (♀, CASC), Osorno: 20km E Puyehue, 26.i.1951, Ross &amp; Michelbacher (♀, CASC), Petorca: Zapallar,, 27.xi.1950, Ross &amp; Michelbacher (♀, CASC), Palena: 26km N of Chaiten, 50m, 17.i.1986, R.T. Schuh (♀, AMNH), Valdivia: R.N. El Bolson, 8.xii.1962, A. Kovacs (♂, BMNH); 1 km S' river mouth of Río Bueno, Transitional zone bamboo/primary forest, swept, eclector, 17.ii.1993, P. Exss – Sonne (♂, FBUB), Llancacura, 19.i.1966, N. Hichins, ex. coll. L. Marnef (♂, ISNB), Valparaíso: Jardín (sp?) Botánico, El Salto, 4.ii.1967, ex. coll. L. Marnef (♀, ISNB), Viña del Mar, 5.xii.1964, ex. coll. L. Marnef (♀, ISNB), Q. Vergara, Viña el Mar, 10.iii.1967, ex. coll. L. Marnef (♂, ISNB), Playa Ancha, 8.iii.1967, ex. coll. L. Marnef (♀, ISNB),</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F287847257FFD5248FAB693175FA1B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Lonsdale, Owen;Marshall, Stephen A.	Lonsdale, Owen, Marshall, Stephen A. (2008): Revision of the temperate South American genus Apiochaeta Czerny, 1903, with synonymy of Alloclusia Hendel, 1917 (Diptera: Clusiidae). Zootaxa 1944 (1): 1-33, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1944.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.1944.1.1
03F287847250FFD4248FAB6C3486FE0B.text	03F287847250FFD4248FAB6C3486FE0B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Apiochaeta pictipennis (van der Wulp 1882) Lonsdale & Marshall 2008	<div><p>Apiochaeta pictipennis (van der Wulp, 1882), comb. n.</p> <p>Figs 4, 31, 32, 43</p> <p>Heterochroa pictipennis van der Wulp, 1882: 91.</p> <p>Peratochaetus pictipennis, Czerny, 1903: 96.</p> <p>Alloclusia pictipennis, Melander &amp; Argo, 1924: 33. Malloch, 1933: 236.</p> <p>Description (Fig. 4)</p> <p>Male. As described for A. similis except as follows: fore femur brown; mid femur sometimes brown dorsally (excluding base and apex) or entirely brown (excluding apex); stripe on fore coxa extending at least to midpoint of coxa; back of head usually brown on ventral half (sometimes more extensive laterally).</p> <p>Female. The holotype female is lost and no other female specimens are known.</p> <p>Male terminalia (Figs 31, 32 &amp; 43)</p> <p>As described for A. similis except as follows: surstylus with apex distinctly less than half length of epandrium; bristles on postgonite well developed.</p> <p>Neotype: CHILE: Concepción: 62 km S San Pedro, 12.xii.1982 – 2.i.1983, A. Newton &amp; M. Thayer (♂, CNC).</p> <p>Additional males examined: CHILE. Concepción: Same collection as neotype (3♂, CNC), Malleco: R.I.X, PN Nahuelbuta, 8–24.ii. 2005, 1168m, 37°49’30”S, 72°58’24”W, Malaise trap in meadow and Nothofagus, UCR AtoL (♂, CNC).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F287847250FFD4248FAB6C3486FE0B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Lonsdale, Owen;Marshall, Stephen A.	Lonsdale, Owen, Marshall, Stephen A. (2008): Revision of the temperate South American genus Apiochaeta Czerny, 1903, with synonymy of Alloclusia Hendel, 1917 (Diptera: Clusiidae). Zootaxa 1944 (1): 1-33, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1944.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.1944.1.1
03F287847251FFD4248FAF7C3778FD70.text	03F287847251FFD4248FAF7C3778FD70.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Apiochaeta similis (Malloch 1933) Lonsdale & Marshall 2008	<div><p>Apiochaeta similis (Malloch, 1933), comb. n.</p> <p>Figs 33, 34, 52</p> <p>Alloclusia similis Malloch, 1933: 237.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F287847251FFD4248FAF7C3778FD70	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Lonsdale, Owen;Marshall, Stephen A.	Lonsdale, Owen, Marshall, Stephen A. (2008): Revision of the temperate South American genus Apiochaeta Czerny, 1903, with synonymy of Alloclusia Hendel, 1917 (Diptera: Clusiidae). Zootaxa 1944 (1): 1-33, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1944.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.1944.1.1
03F287847252FFD7248FAF7C362DF80E.text	03F287847252FFD7248FAF7C362DF80E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Apiochaeta tincticornis (Malloch 1933) Lonsdale & Marshall 2008	<div><p>Apiochaeta tincticornis (Malloch, 1933), comb. n.</p> <p>Figs 15, 16, 36</p> <p>Alloclusia tincticornis Malloch, 1933: 238.</p> <p>Description</p> <p>Male. Body length 3.0–5.3mm. Arista pubescent. Three fronto-orbital bristles. Two pairs of lateral scutellar bristles. Scutum yellow with one pair of thin brown stripes continuing onto lateral margins of scutellum. Laterotergites yellow with katatergite brown (at least in part). Pleuron yellow with brown subnotal stripe. Legs yellow. Head yellow with ocellar tubercle wide and circular, first flagellomere with dark stripe along dorsal margin, back of head with one pair of stripes radiating from foramen, frons sometimes with thin anterior stripe and face sometimes brown (paratype male). Abdomen brown with tergite 1 yellow. Wing clear.</p> <p>Female. As described for male except pleural stripe sometimes absent and terminalia yellow.</p> <p>Male terminalia (Figs 15, 16 &amp; 36)</p> <p>Annulus well developed with tergite 7 small and not strongly separated from sternite 8. Length of epandrium 7/10 height; width subequal to height. Surstylus without internal elaboration and deeply bifid; posterior process long, thin and weakly lobate posterobasally; anterior lobe short, wide and rounded; outer face bristled on posterior half. Hypandrium with ventral lobe thin and emarginate apically with one minute and two long distal bristles. Phallapodeme with head minute and anterior face doubly sinuate. Pregonite rectangular with four central bristles. Postgonite elongate and lobate with three distal bristles and numerous distal setulae. Distiphallus thin and unsclerotized medially, distal forks of equal length, basal half with minute spinulose patches, and lateral spinulose projection unbranched and without median lateral swelling.</p> <p>Holotype: CHILE. Chiloé: Puntra [date unknown] (♂, BMNH) [not examined].</p> <p>Allotype: CHILE. Llanquihue: Casa Pangue [date unknown] (♀, BMNH) [not examined].</p> <p>Paratypes: CHILE. Chiloé: S Chile, Chiloé I., F.&amp;M. Edwards, Puntra, 19.xii.1926 (♂, BMNH), S Chile, Llanquihue: F.&amp;M. Edwards, Casa Pangue, 9–10.xii.1926 (♀, BMNH).</p> <p>Additional material examined: ARGENTINA. Neuquén: Lago Lacar Pucará, 650m, 26–27.xii.1981, Nielsen &amp; Karsholy (♀, ZMUC), Río Negro: S.C. de Bariloche Colonia Suiza, 8000m, 2.xii.1981, Neilsen &amp; Karsholt (♀, ZMUC). CHILE. Cautín: Carahue-Cautín, Monte Verde, 600m, 29.i–2.ii.1993, ex. yellow pan traps, L. Peña (♂, CNC), Chiloé: Isla Chiloé, Ahoni Alto, ix.1998, L.E. Peña (10♂ 5♀, CMNH; 5♂ 2♀, DEBU), Malleco: PN Nahuelbuta, 8–24.ii. 2005, 1168m, 37°49’30”S, 72°58’24”W, Malaise trap in meadow and Nothofagus, UCR AtoL (♀, CNC), Ñuble: Chillan area, ‘ Shangri La’, Las Trancas, E. Recinto, 19– 22.i.1979, A. Kovacs (♂, AMNH), Osorno: 10km E Puyehue, 26.i.1951, Ross &amp; Michelbacher (♀, CASC),</p> <p>Valdivia: 20km S Valdivia Rincon de la Piedra, 15.xi 1981, 180m, Nielsen &amp; Karsholt (2♂, ZMUC).</p> <p>Comments: Apiochaeta tincticornis, the most phylogenetically basal of those Apiochaeta without a widened head, is characterized by a strong stripe on the first flagellomere, a large spot surrounding the ocellar tubercle and sometimes a thin stripe on the anterior margin of the frons.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F287847252FFD7248FAF7C362DF80E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Lonsdale, Owen;Marshall, Stephen A.	Lonsdale, Owen, Marshall, Stephen A. (2008): Revision of the temperate South American genus Apiochaeta Czerny, 1903, with synonymy of Alloclusia Hendel, 1917 (Diptera: Clusiidae). Zootaxa 1944 (1): 1-33, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1944.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.1944.1.1
03F287847253FFDA248FAB02378EFEC0.text	03F287847253FFDA248FAB02378EFEC0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Apiochaeta varia (Malloch 1933) Lonsdale & Marshall 2008	<div><p>Apiochaeta varia (Malloch, 1933), comb. n.</p> <p>Figs 8, 12, 17, 18, 38</p> <p>Alloclusia varia Malloch, 1933: 241.</p> <p>Alloclusia varia var. claripennis Malloch, 1933: 242. Syn. n.</p> <p>Description (Fig. 8)</p> <p>Male. Body length 3.5–6.5mm. Arista sparsely pubescent. Postvertical bristle weak. Four fronto-orbital bristles; anterior reclinate bristle small and second reclinate anterior bristle intermediate in length between anterior and posterior reclinate bristles. Two pairs of strong lateral scutellar bristles. Scutum yellow with one pair of stripes reaching past suture, but not touching anterior margin, and lateral half of postpronotum brown. Scutellum yellow with one pair of lateral stripes. Katatergite brown and anatergite yellow. Pleuron yellow with brown subnotal stripe on anepimeron and dorsal 3/5 of anepisternum. Legs yellow. Head yellow with wide spot around base of arista on first flagellomere, one pair of stripes behind head radiating from foramen</p> <p>(sometimes reduced to small triangular spots laterally), face dark brown and ocellar tubercle brown; parafacial, upper half of gena and anterior half of occiput silvery tomentose. Abdomen brown with surstylus and most of tergite 1 (excluding lateral brown spot) yellow. Wing clouded distally along R 2+3, R 4+5, and usually around dm-cu.</p> <p>Female. As described for male except as follows: spot on first flagellomere faded; back of head sometimes entirely yellow; abdominal segment 7 and terminalia yellow; tergite 2 sometimes with central yellow stripe; tergites 3 and 4 sometimes yellow centrally and along anterior margin (if tergites 3 and 4 yellow anteriorly, thin brown line sometimes present medially). Female from Los Coiqües (1–15.i.1965) with three pairs of lateral scutellar bristles.</p> <p>Male terminalia (Figs 12, 17, 18&amp;38). Annulus well developed with tergite 7 relatively large. Height and length of epandrium subequal and width 1/3 greater than length. Surstylus elongate, thin and slightly hooked; inner face flattened, widened basally and with inner-apical margin ridge-like (expanding into acute posterior projection); outer face bristled on posterior half. Hypandrium with ventral lobe thin and emarginate apically with one minute and two long distal bristles. Phallapodeme with head minute and anterior face doubly sinuate. Pregonite subovate with five medial bristles. Postgonite strongly clavate with two medium-length and three short distal bristles. Distiphallus with right margin long and bifid (shorter fork of distiphallus broadly rounded distally on lateral sclerotized margin); lateral sclerotizations minutely spinulose at midpoint.</p> <p>Holotype [A. varia]: CHILE. Llanquihue: S Chile, F. &amp;M. Edwards, Puerto Varas, 16.xii.1926 (♂, BMNH).</p> <p>Paratype [A. varia]: CHILE. Same collection as holotype (♀, BMNH).</p> <p>Holotype [var. claripennis]: CHILE. Llanquihue: S Chile, F. &amp;M. Edwards, Puerto Varas, 16.xii.1926 (♂, BMNH).</p> <p>Paratype [var. claripennis]: CHILE. Chiloé: S Chile, Chiloé I., F.&amp;M. Edwards, Castro, 20–22.xi.1926 (♂, BMNH).</p> <p>Additional material examined (pigmented wings): CHILE. Cautín: Carahue-Cautín, Monte Verde, 600m, 29.i–2.ii.1993, ex. yellow pan traps, L. Peña (3♂, CNC), Los Coigües, L. Villar, L.E. Peña (♀, CNC),</p> <p>Chiloé: Isla Chiloé, Ahoni Alto, ix.1998, L.E. Peña (2♂ 3♀, CMNH), Dalcahue, Isla Chiloé, 17–22.i.1962, L.E. Peña (♀, CNC), Concepción: 62 km S San Pedro, 12.xii.1982 – 2.i.1983, A. Newton &amp; M. Thayer (5♂ 10♀, CNC; 3♂ 3♀, DEBU), S Concepción, Laraquete, 10–25.i.1993, P. Salinas (2♂, CNC), Curicó: El Coigual, 20–26.i.1964, L.E. Peña (♀, CNC), Estero la Jaula, i.1964, L.E. Peña, Nothofagus (♂, CNC), Cubillo, C. Curicó, 25.i.1961, L.E. Peña (♀, CNC), Linares: Fundo Malcho, Cord Parral, ii.1958 (♀, CNC), Fundo Malcha, Linares, iii.1958, L.E. Peña (♀, CNC), Llanquihue: E Chinque N of Correntoso, i.1990, L. Peña (♀, CNC), Los Muermos, forest, Ross &amp; Michelbacher, 19.i.1951 (♂, CASC), 20.i.1951 (4♀, CASC), Malleco: Palo Botado, Cord. Na. N.P. Contulmo, 37°40’S, 72°55’W, 1.ii.1967, E.I. Schlinger (♀, CASC).</p> <p>Additional material examined (clear wings): CHILE. Arauco: Pichinahuel, Cord. Nahuelbuta, 15.i.1959, L.E. Peña (♀, CNC), Aysén: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-72.666664&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-44.75" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -72.666664/lat -44.75)">Puerto Cisnes</a>, 72°40’W, 44°45’S, 16–28.ii.1961, L.E. Peña (♂, CNC), Cautín: Los Coiqües, L. Villar, 1–15.i.1965 (♀ ♂, CNC), 16–31.xii.1964 (♂, CNC), 16–25.i.1965 (♀, CNC), Chiloé: Dalcahue, Isla Chiloé, 17–22.i.1962, L.E. Peña (♂, CNC), Curicó: El Colqo, C. Curicó, x– xi.1959, L.E. Peña (♀, CNC), Linares: Fundo Malcho, Cord Parral, ii.1958 (♀, CNC), Fundo Malcho, Linares, iii.1958, L.E. Peña (♀, CNC), Llanquihue: Carelmapu, L.E. Peña, 24.ii.1959 (4♂ 3♀, CNC), 21.ii– 3.iii.1957 (♀ ♂, CNC), Malleco: Río Blanco, Curacautín, ii.1964, 1100m, L.E. Peña (♀, CNC), Osorno: Antillanca, 18.iii.1955, 1000m, L.E. Peña (♀, CNC), Osorno 13: Parque Nacional Puyehue Anticura, 14.xii. 1981, 350m, Nielsen &amp; Karsholt (♂, ZMUC).</p> <p>Comments: Malloch divided this species into two varieties based on presence or absence of extensive wing pigmentation. Malloch’s “varieties” do not correspond with other morphological characters, although the clear-winged forms do exhibit some slight reduction in overall pigmentation (the stripes on the back of head are faded medially and occasionally absent; the female first flagellomere is sometimes infuscated only at</p> <p>the base of the arista; tergite (2-)3 has one pair of yellow spots). Furthermore, because the two colour forms also occur sympatrically, and have even been collected together, we here recognize Alloclusia varia var. claripennis as a junior synonym of Apiochaeta varia.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F287847253FFDA248FAB02378EFEC0	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Lonsdale, Owen;Marshall, Stephen A.	Lonsdale, Owen, Marshall, Stephen A. (2008): Revision of the temperate South American genus Apiochaeta Czerny, 1903, with synonymy of Alloclusia Hendel, 1917 (Diptera: Clusiidae). Zootaxa 1944 (1): 1-33, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1944.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.1944.1.1
03F28784725FFFDD248FAC043041F963.text	03F28784725FFFDD248FAC043041F963.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Apiochaeta vitticollis (Blanchard 1852) Lonsdale & Marshall 2008	<div><p>Apiochaeta vitticollis (Blanchard, 1852)</p> <p>Figs 1, 6, 11, 27, 28, 37, 42, 51</p> <p>Helomyza vitticollis Blanchard, 1852: 452.</p> <p>Peratochaetvs limbipennis Rondani, 1863: 43. Syn. nov.</p> <p>Alloclusia limbipennis, Malloch, 1933: 238.</p> <p>Apiochaeta (?) vitticollis, Malloch, 1933: 245.</p> <p>Description (Figs 1, 6, 51, 52)</p> <p>Male. Body length 3.6–5.8mm. Arista pubescent. Four fronto-orbital bristles (anterior reclinate bristle slightly shorter). One strong lateral scutellar bristle. Interfrontal bristle minute. Scutum yellow with one pair of stripes. Scutellum yellow with lateral margin brown. Katatergite brown and anatergite yellow. Pleuron and legs yellow with thin brown subnotal stripe. Head yellow with ocellar tubercle brown, occiput with brown spot behind lower margin of eye and frons sometimes with long median stripe (not reaching anterior margin). Tergites 1 and (sometimes) 6 yellow; tergites 2–5 and epandrium brown; annulus sometimes brown; surstylus and cerci yellow. Wing lightly clouded around dm-cu and within costal and first radial cells; base of second median cell sometimes lightly clouded; wings infrequently clear.</p> <p>Female (Fig. 11). As described for male except as follows: abdomen yellow with median anterior spot on tergites 2–5 (thinnest on anterior tergites) and sometimes with lateral stripes; abdomen occasionally brown (excluding terminalia).</p> <p>Male terminalia (Figs 27, 28, 37 &amp; 42). As described for A. lenticula except as follows: surstylus more stout, constricted medially, and inner ridge more pronounced posteriorly; postgonite with additional medial setulae; lateral spinulose projection of distiphallus unbranched; distiphallus with left sclerotized margin elongate and unbranched; epiphallus well developed.</p> <p>Female terminalia. Spermathecae weakly sclerotized, spherical smooth-surfaced, nearly as long as sternite 8 and unpigmented. Spermathecal ducts thin and weakly sclerotized. Ventral receptacle poorly sclerotized, sac-like, recurved, slightly flattened dorsoventrally, transversely wrinkled and with one pair of ventral longitudinal wrinkles.</p> <p>Neotype: CHILE. Linares: Malcho – 750m, Parral-Talca, 24–26.i.1993, mixed forest, yellow pan trap, L. Peña (♂, CNC).</p> <p>Additional material examined [pigmented wings]: ARGENTINA. Chubut: east shore of Lago Rivadavia, 510m, 15.i.1986, R.T. Schuh (♀, AMNH), Río Turbiom 21.vi.1962, A. Kovacs (♀, BMNH), Río Negro: El Bolson, 12.xi.1963, A. Kovacs (♂, AMNH), El Bolson, 18.ii.1961, A. Kovacs (♀, BMNH), Neuquén: southern bank of Lago Mascardi, 33 km SW Bariloche, 5 km off Ruta Nacional 258, 41°21.47’S, 71°34.04’W, W small creek, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-71.56734&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-41.357834" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -71.56734/lat -41.357834)">Large</a> Juncus -swamp, lightly grazed by horses, swept, eclector, 17.iii.1996, M.v. Tschirnhaus (♀, FBUB). CHILE. Araco: 20km W Caramavida, Nahuelbuta, 13.i. 1967, 750m, E.I. Schlinger (♀, CASC), Biobío: El Abanico, 31.xii.1950, Ross &amp; Michelbacher (2♀, CASC), El Abanico, 31.xii.1950, Ross &amp; Michelbacher (♀, CASC), Cardenal Caro: Pañul, ~ 30km S Pichilemu, Molino del Agua, 25.xi.2006, S.A. Marshall (♂ 3♀, DEBU), Cautín: 20km E Temuco, 8.i.1951, Ross &amp; Michelbacher (♀, CASC), 10mi NE Pucón, 12.i.1951, Ross &amp; Michelbacher (2♀, CASC), Chiloé: Isla Chiloé, Ahoni Alto, ix.1998, L.E. Peña (8♂ 4♀, CMNH), Cordillera: Reserva Nacional, Rio Clarillo, Región Metropolitana, 1– 3.xii.2006, S.A. Marshall (2♂ 4♀, DEBU) [alcohol-preserved], Linares: Fundo Malcho, Linares, i.1958, L.E. Peña (♀, CNC), Pata de Gallina, 10–25.i.1993, ex. yellow pan traps, P. Salinas (2♀, CNC), Llanquihue: Los Muermos forest, 20.i.1951, Ross &amp; Michelbacher (2♂, CASC), 19.i.1951 (2♀, CASC), Malleco: Angol, 31.xii.1950, Ross &amp; Michelbacher (♀, CASC), 1.i.1951 (♀ ♂, CASC), Palo Botado, Cord. Nahuelbuta, N.P. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-72.916664&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-37.666668" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -72.916664/lat -37.666668)">Contulmo</a>, 37°40’S, 72°55’W, 1.ii.1967, E.I. Schlinger (♂, CASC), R.I.X, PN <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-72.973335&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-37.825" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -72.973335/lat -37.825)">Nahuelbuta</a>, 8–24.ii. 2005, 1168m, 37°49’30”S, 72°58’24”W, Malaise trap in meadow and Nothofagus, UCR AtoL (4♂ 3♀, CNC),</p> <p>Ñuble: 40km E San Carlos, 23.xii.1950, Ross &amp; Michelbacher (2♀ 2♂, CASC), 15km E San Carlos, 23.xii.1950, Ross &amp; Michelbacher (♀, CASC), Osorno: 10km E of Puyehue, 26.i.1951, Ross &amp; Michelbacher (♂ ♀, CASC), 20km E Puyehue, 26.i.1951, Ross &amp; Michelbacher (♂, CASC), 12mi NE Pucón, 380m, 12.i.1951, Ross &amp; Michelbacher (2♀, CASC), San Antonio: V (fifth) Region, ~ 40km S St. Domingo Reserva Nacional El Yali, 24.xi.2006, S.A. Marshall (♀ ♂, DEBU), Santiago: xi–xii.1952, M. Cerda (2♀, AMNH), 7km W Santiago, A. Goering, Malaise trap, 6–11.i.1992 (2♀, DEBU), 3–4.i.1992 (♀, DEBU), Quebrada de la Plata, 33°30’S, 70°55’W, nr <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-70.916664&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-33.5" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -70.916664/lat -33.5)">Maipu</a>, 12.iii. 1966, 550m, Malaise trap, M.E. Irwin (♀, CASC), Queb. de la Plata, 510m, Rinconada, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-70.78333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-30.516666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -70.78333/lat -30.516666)">Maipu</a>, Malaise trap, 3.iv.1966, M.E. Irwin, 30°31’S, 70°47’W (♀ ♂, CASC), Talca: 22mi N Talca, 22.xii.1950, Ross &amp; Michelbacher (♀, CASC), Valparaíso: Juan Fernández Islands, Robinson Crusoe Isl.: Plazoleta, El Yunque, pans nr Plazoleta campsite, 23–29.i.1992, S.A. Marshall (4♀, MNNC), upper part of plazoleta El Yunque, pans, trail, ferns, steep, 23–28.i.1992. S.A. Marshall, (♀, DEBU), Mirador Selkirk, 24–28.i.1992 (♀, DEBU), Plazoleta, trail sweep, 1–8.i.1993, S.A. Marshall, (2♂, MNNC; ♂, DEBU), S side Mirador Selkirk, sweep, 4–8.i.1993, S.A. Marshall, (♂, DEBU), N side Mirador, Malaise trap, 1– 10.i.1993, S.A. Marshall, (♂, MNNC), upper forest, el Yunque trail, 9.i.1993 (♂, DEBU), 1–10.i.1993, Bahia Cumberland (♀, DEBU), 29.xii.1992, lower trail nr town, sweep, sweep nr town, Marshall &amp; Gonzales (♀, DEBU), 3.i.1993, Bahia Cumberland, Malaise trap over crk., S.A. Marshall, (♀, DEBU), Puerto Ingles, 5.i.1993, upper forest (♀, DEBU), 1–11.i.1993, Bahia Cumberland, Malaise trap, Marshall &amp; Gonzales (♀, DEBU), 1–9.i.1993, “El Camote”, upper el Yunque Trail, Malaise trap, fern forest, S.A. Marshall, (♂, DEBU),</p> <p>Valdivia: Llancacura, 19.i.1966, N. Hichins, ex. coll. L. Marnef (♀, ISNB), R.P. Reed (♀, CASC).</p> <p>Additional material examined (clear wings): CHILE. Arauco: Pichinahuel Cord. Nahuelbuta, 15.i.1959, L.E. Peña (♂, CNC), Cautín: Rio Blanco, Curacautín Malleco, ii.1964, 1100m, L.E. Peña (♂, CNC), Linares: Fundo Malcho, Cord. Parral, i.1958, L.E. Peña (♂, CNC), Ñuble: Las Trancas, 1250m, 10.xii.1982 – 3.i.1983, A. Newton &amp; M. Thayer (♂, CNC).</p> <p>Comments: Apiochaeta vitticollis is a relatively widespread species occurring in Argentina and Chile including the Juan Fernandez Islands. The entire anterior margin of the wing is very dark in this species and the surstylus is constricted subapically on both sides to form a distal lobe.</p> <p>Malloch (1933) discussed Helomyza vitticollis as a possible member of Apiochaeta, but we have been unable to locate the holotype (we have checked most major European museums, including the MNHN in Paris). Since the type will likely never be recovered, and the description in Blanchard (1852) could apply to any of three other known Chilean species (A. limbipennis, A. tincticornis Malloch and A. bicolor), we have decided to resolve the issue by synonymizing H. vitticollis with one of these three candidate species. We have chosen to treat H. vitticollis as a conspecific with A. limbipennis syn. nov. (Fig. 51), because it is the most common of the three species and therefore the most likely to have been available to Blanchard. A male neotype from the CNC is here designated for H. vitticollis; the same individual is designated as the neotype for H. vitticollis (the type of which is also lost—see above) to permanently solidify the above synonymy.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F28784725FFFDD248FAC043041F963	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Lonsdale, Owen;Marshall, Stephen A.	Lonsdale, Owen, Marshall, Stephen A. (2008): Revision of the temperate South American genus Apiochaeta Czerny, 1903, with synonymy of Alloclusia Hendel, 1917 (Diptera: Clusiidae). Zootaxa 1944 (1): 1-33, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1944.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.1944.1.1
