taxonID	type	description	language	source
03F2142B8A3B886EFEAFFCD1FB46FBD4.taxon	description	(Figs. 4, 13, 21)	en	Evenhuis, Neal L. (2005): A review of the genera comprising species of the genus Eurynogaster sensu Hardy & Kohn, 1964 in Hawai‘i (Diptera: Dolichopodidae). Zootaxa 1017: 39-60
03F2142B8A3B886EFEAFFCD1FB46FBD4.taxon	type_taxon	Type species: Eurynogaster apicenigra Parent, 1940, by present designation.	en	Evenhuis, Neal L. (2005): A review of the genera comprising species of the genus Eurynogaster sensu Hardy & Kohn, 1964 in Hawai‘i (Diptera: Dolichopodidae). Zootaxa 1017: 39-60
03F2142B8A3B886EFEAFFCD1FB46FBD4.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis: Species in this genus are readily recognized by generally strong bristling on the head, thorax, and abdomen as well as the lack of strong ventral bristles of femur I and III (if present, basoventral bristles on femur II are always much weaker or much shorter than ventral bristles on tibia II). Further generic features are the dense microtrichia in the wing giving it a darkened or smoky appearance; and the hypopygial characters comprising the bare surstylus and extremely enlarged postgonite (Fig. 21). Adachia is most similar to E urynogaster but can be separated from it by the long hairs on the posterior margins of the abdominal tergites and the extremely well developed postgonite of the hypopygium.	en	Evenhuis, Neal L. (2005): A review of the genera comprising species of the genus Eurynogaster sensu Hardy & Kohn, 1964 in Hawai‘i (Diptera: Dolichopodidae). Zootaxa 1017: 39-60
03F2142B8A3B886EFEAFFCD1FB46FBD4.taxon	description	Description: Male. Body length: 2.4 – 3.4 mm. Wing length: 3.0 – 4.2 mm. Head. Generally shining metallic; face narrower than distance between lateral edges of antennal sockets (cf. Fig. 3), narrowing below antennae, then parallel to clypeus; clypeus small, ventral margin well above lower margin of eyes; palpi not extending below eyes. Antennae with first flagellomere subconical, rounded apically, length about 2 x width; arista dorsal, with micropubescence along entire length. Ocellars large, 3 / 4 head height; verticals strong, erect to proclinate. Thorax. Generally shining metallic dorsally, pleura subpollinose. Chaetotaxy as follows: 5 dc; 2 np; 1 ph; 1 pa; 1 sc; 2 sa; ac absent. Legs. Coxa I with numerous fine setae along anterior surface, apically with strong bristles; CII and CIII with strong lateral bristle. All femora with numerous fine setae. Anterior preapicals only on FII and FIII. Tibia II and TIII with strong bristles. Claws normal in size (cf. Fig. 12 b). Wing (Figs. 4, 13). With dense brown microtrichia giving wing a smoky brown appearance (in hispida and williamsi, apical margin of cell m with sparser microtrichia giving a more subhyaline appearance). CuAx ratio about 1. Abdomen. Shining metallic dorsally, pollinose on sternites. Segments I – V subequal in length; posterior margins of tergites I – VI with long bristles, dense, fine hairs elsewhere. Sternite IV extending outward to accommodate terminalia. Tergite IV normal in size laterally, not extended as in Arciellia. Hypopygium (Fig. 21). Subtriangular; extending forward to posterior margin of fourth abdominal segment. cercus small, rounded, clothed with fine hairs of different lengths, longest hairs usually apical; surstylus usually unilobed (sometimes with very small second lobe), subtriangular, without strong apical setation, fine short hairs apically; basiventral epandrial lobe long, thin, straight or slightly sinuous; apicoventral epandrial lobe extremely reduced or absent; hypandrium well developed, broad, bladelike, with small recurved hook apically; postgonite extremely well developed, broad, larger than hypandrium, with serrate to ciliate margins. Female. As in male except for genitalic features; legs normal, without modifications.	en	Evenhuis, Neal L. (2005): A review of the genera comprising species of the genus Eurynogaster sensu Hardy & Kohn, 1964 in Hawai‘i (Diptera: Dolichopodidae). Zootaxa 1017: 39-60
03F2142B8A3B886EFEAFFCD1FB46FBD4.taxon	discussion	Discussion: The macrochaetae (bristles, strong hairs) of species in this genus are generally stronger and longer than in related Hawaiian genera, and is especially manifested in the long ocellars (length ca. 3 / 4 head height), the dc, and tibial setae. Included Species: Adachia apicenigra (Parent), comb. n., A. hispida (Hardy & Kohn) *, comb. n., A. nigripedis (Hardy & Kohn) *, comb. n., A. nudata (Hardy & Kohn) *, comb. n., A. obscurifacies (Parent) *, comb. n., A. williamsi (Hardy & Kohn) *, comb. n.	en	Evenhuis, Neal L. (2005): A review of the genera comprising species of the genus Eurynogaster sensu Hardy & Kohn, 1964 in Hawai‘i (Diptera: Dolichopodidae). Zootaxa 1017: 39-60
03F2142B8A3B886EFEAFFCD1FB46FBD4.taxon	etymology	Etymology: The genus­group name honors Marian Kohn (née Adachi), in recognition of her many years of work on Hawaiian dolichopodids. Gender is feminine.	en	Evenhuis, Neal L. (2005): A review of the genera comprising species of the genus Eurynogaster sensu Hardy & Kohn, 1964 in Hawai‘i (Diptera: Dolichopodidae). Zootaxa 1017: 39-60
03F2142B8A388861FEAFF976FE36FA94.taxon	description	(Figs. 2, 5, 14, 22)	en	Evenhuis, Neal L. (2005): A review of the genera comprising species of the genus Eurynogaster sensu Hardy & Kohn, 1964 in Hawai‘i (Diptera: Dolichopodidae). Zootaxa 1017: 39-60
03F2142B8A388861FEAFF976FE36FA94.taxon	type_taxon	Type species: Eurynogaster dolichostoma Hardy & Kohn, 1964, by present designation.	en	Evenhuis, Neal L. (2005): A review of the genera comprising species of the genus Eurynogaster sensu Hardy & Kohn, 1964 in Hawai‘i (Diptera: Dolichopodidae). Zootaxa 1017: 39-60
03F2142B8A388861FEAFF976FE36FA94.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis: Closest in appearance to Adachia and Eurynogaster but easily separated by the disproportionately large mouthparts (Fig. 2) (mouthparts small and less conspicuous in Adachia and Eurynogaster); and the hypopygium with a shovel­shaped cercus, and the hypandrium with a sharp, tricornate lateral process (Fig. 22).	en	Evenhuis, Neal L. (2005): A review of the genera comprising species of the genus Eurynogaster sensu Hardy & Kohn, 1964 in Hawai‘i (Diptera: Dolichopodidae). Zootaxa 1017: 39-60
03F2142B8A388861FEAFF976FE36FA94.taxon	description	Description: Male. Body length: 2.8 – 3.7 mm. Wing length: 3.5 – 4.2 mm. Head. Generally subpollinose; face slightly narrower than distance between lateral edges of antennal sockets (Fig. 2), parallel to clypeus; clypeus small, ventral margin well above lower mar­ gin of eyes; palpi large, extending below eye; mouthparts very large, extending below eye about 1 / 3 – 1 / 2 head height, sometimes flared outward. Antennae with first flagellomere short, rounded apically, length subequal to width; arista dorsal, with micropubescence along entire length. Ocellars large, 1 / 2 head height; verticals absent or hair­like. Thorax. Subshining to subpollinose anteriorly and dorsally, pleura subpollinose. Chaetotaxy as follows: 5 dc; 2 np; 1 ph; 1 pa; 1 sc; 2 sa; ac absent. Legs. Coxa I with sparse fine setae along anterior surface, with long apical bristles; CII and CIII with strong lateral bristle. All femora with fine setae. Anterior preapicals only on FII and FIII. Tibia II and TIII with strong bristles. Claws normal in size (cf. Fig. 12 b). Wing (Figs. 5, 14). With microtrichia giving wing a faint brownish appearance (apical margin of cell m of some species with sparser microtrichia giving a more subhyaline appearance). CuAx ratio about 1. Abdomen. Subpollinose to subshining dorsally, shining laterally, pollinose on sternites. Segments I – V subequal in length; posterior margins of tergites I – VI with longer setation than elsewhere on abdomen, but not as long as in Adachia; fine hairs elsewhere. Tergite IV extending well below level of ventral margin of tergite III. Hypopygium (Fig. 22). Extending forward to middle of 4 th segment. In lateral view: hypopygium subtriangular; cercus hemitrulliform, pointed apically; surstylus deeply bilobed, with delicate setation apically; hypandrium long, length subequal to surstylar lobes, with tricornate lateral process; apicoventral and basoventral epandrial lobes absent; phallus slightly sinuous toward apex; postgonite, long, thin, bicornate. Female. As in male except for genitalic features; legs normal, without modifications. Included species: Arciellia dolichostoma (Hardy & Kohn) *, comb. n., A. flaviventer (Hardy & Kohn) *, comb. n., A. xanthopleura (Hardy & Kohn) *, comb. n.	en	Evenhuis, Neal L. (2005): A review of the genera comprising species of the genus Eurynogaster sensu Hardy & Kohn, 1964 in Hawai‘i (Diptera: Dolichopodidae). Zootaxa 1017: 39-60
03F2142B8A388861FEAFF976FE36FA94.taxon	etymology	Etymology: The genus­group name honors Robert Cyril Layton Perkins, whose pioneering work on the insect fauna of the Hawaiian Islands during his sojourn there from 1892 – 1901, working for the Sandwich Islands Committee in England, are legendary and will never be equaled. The name incorporates the phonetic sounds of his initials “ R. C. L. ” Gender is feminine.	en	Evenhuis, Neal L. (2005): A review of the genera comprising species of the genus Eurynogaster sensu Hardy & Kohn, 1964 in Hawai‘i (Diptera: Dolichopodidae). Zootaxa 1017: 39-60
03F2142B8A378862FEAFFA5BFC00F92C.taxon	description	(Figs. 6, 15, 23)	en	Evenhuis, Neal L. (2005): A review of the genera comprising species of the genus Eurynogaster sensu Hardy & Kohn, 1964 in Hawai‘i (Diptera: Dolichopodidae). Zootaxa 1017: 39-60
03F2142B8A378862FEAFFA5BFC00F92C.taxon	type_taxon	Type species: Chrysotus saxatilis Grimshaw, 1901, by present designation.	en	Evenhuis, Neal L. (2005): A review of the genera comprising species of the genus Eurynogaster sensu Hardy & Kohn, 1964 in Hawai‘i (Diptera: Dolichopodidae). Zootaxa 1017: 39-60
03F2142B8A378862FEAFFA5BFC00F92C.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis: Similar to Sigmatineurum in having a ventral posteromedial process on the fourth sternite, but can be distinguished by the wing with the CuAx ratio about 1 (this ratio> 2.5 in Sigmatineurum) and the hypopygium with basiventral epandrial lobe long, thin, slightly sinuous, of even width to apex (this lobe long, thin, and clavate apically in Sigmatineurum). Additionally, species of Elmoia are generally much smaller in size (body length 2 – 3 mm in length) than Sigmatineurum (body length 5 – 7 mm in length).	en	Evenhuis, Neal L. (2005): A review of the genera comprising species of the genus Eurynogaster sensu Hardy & Kohn, 1964 in Hawai‘i (Diptera: Dolichopodidae). Zootaxa 1017: 39-60
03F2142B8A378862FEAFFA5BFC00F92C.taxon	description	Description: Male. Body length: 1.8 – 3.6 mm. Wing length: 2.2 – 4.0 mm. Head. Shining metallic; face slightly narrower than distance between lateral edges of antennal sockets (cf. Fig. 3), tapering below antennae, then parallel to clypeus; clypeus small, ventral margin well above lower margin of eyes; palpi not extending below eyes. Antennae with first flagellomere short, conical, rounded apically, length subequal to width; arista dorsal, with micropubescence along entire length. Ocellars normal in size, length ca. 1 / 4 head height; verticals present, erect. Thorax. Shining metallic dorsally, pleura subpollinose. Chaetotaxy as follows: 5 dc; 2 np; 1 ph; 1 pa; 1 sc; 2 sa; ac absent. Legs. Coxa I with sparse fine setae along anterior surface, apically with long bristles; CII and CIII with strong lateral bristle. All femora with fine setae; fore femur with strong ventral bristles. Anterior preapicals only on FII and FIII. Tibia II and TIII with strong bristles. Claws normal in size (cf. Fig. 12 b). Wing (Fig. 15). With sparse microtrichia giving wing a subhyaline appearance. CuAx ratio about 1. Abdomen. Shining metallic dorsally, pollinose on sternites. Segments I – V subequal in size; posterior margins of tergites I – VI with longer hairs than elsewhere but not conspicuously strong, fine hairs dorsally and laterally. Sternum IV with posteromedial process. Tergite V extending ventrally to below level of tergite IV. Hypopygium (Fig. 23). Subtriangular, extending forward to middle of tergite V; cercus rounded with small anteroapical process, with numerous setae, longest apically; surstylus unilobed, with sparse short fine hairs apically; basiventral epandrial lobe long, thin, slightly sinuous, evenly wide throughout entire length, with hairs apically; hypandrium long, length about 4 x width, with small recurved hook­like apex. Female. As in male except for abdominal modifications and genitalic features; legs normal, without modifications.	en	Evenhuis, Neal L. (2005): A review of the genera comprising species of the genus Eurynogaster sensu Hardy & Kohn, 1964 in Hawai‘i (Diptera: Dolichopodidae). Zootaxa 1017: 39-60
03F2142B8A378862FEAFFA5BFC00F92C.taxon	discussion	Discussion: In addition to the smaller size and other morphological characters given above used to separate Elmoia from Sigmatineurum, their generally non­aquatic habits (found on leaf litter, low­growing vegetation, and the forest floor) will also separate them from species of Sigmatineurum, which are found along swift moving streams or on the vertical surfaces of seeps. Included Species: Elmoia bullata (Hardy & Kohn) *, comb. n., E. exartema (Hardy & Kohn) *, comb. n., E. hamata (Hardy & Kohn) *, comb. n., E. lanceolata (Tenorio) *, comb. n., E. multispinosa (Hardy & Kohn) *, comb. n., E. nigrohalterata (Hardy & Kohn) *, comb. n., E. saxatilis (Grimshaw), comb. n., E. viridifacies (Van Duzee), comb. n.	en	Evenhuis, Neal L. (2005): A review of the genera comprising species of the genus Eurynogaster sensu Hardy & Kohn, 1964 in Hawai‘i (Diptera: Dolichopodidae). Zootaxa 1017: 39-60
03F2142B8A378862FEAFFA5BFC00F92C.taxon	etymology	Etymology: The genus­group name honors the late Prof. D. Elmo Hardy, for his generous advice and continuous encouragement during my years as a student under his tutelage and for the tremendous increase in knowledge of Diptera of Hawai‘i he provided through his years of study of the group. Gender is feminine.	en	Evenhuis, Neal L. (2005): A review of the genera comprising species of the genus Eurynogaster sensu Hardy & Kohn, 1964 in Hawai‘i (Diptera: Dolichopodidae). Zootaxa 1017: 39-60
03F2142B8A358864FEAFFE8CFC90FD3C.taxon	description	(Figs. 2, 7, 12 b, 16, 24)	en	Evenhuis, Neal L. (2005): A review of the genera comprising species of the genus Eurynogaster sensu Hardy & Kohn, 1964 in Hawai‘i (Diptera: Dolichopodidae). Zootaxa 1017: 39-60
03F2142B8A358864FEAFFE8CFC90FD3C.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis: Species in this genus are generally small in size and are distinguished by the hypopygium having the cerci subtrapezoidal in shape with unmodified hairs, the dorsal lobe of the surstylus short with bristles; the ventral surstylar lobe apical setation without bristles or spines, and the apex of the hypandrium bifid (Fig. 24). It is most similar in appearance to Adachia and can be separated from that genus by the generally shorter setation on the head, thorax, and abdomen (this general setation of Adachia very long and strong), and the presence of strong bristles on at least one pair of femora (bristles lacking on all femora in Adachia). Hypopygium (Fig. 24). Extending forward only to posterior margin of 5 th segment. In lateral view: cercus subtrapezoidal, variously clothed with hairs; surstylus bilobate, dorsal surstylar lobe with strong bristles or modified setae; ventral surstylar lobe without strong setation (some species with fine hairs apically); basiventral epandrial lobe subtriangular or rounded, bare; hypandrium forked apically; aedeagus sinuous, curved upward apically.	en	Evenhuis, Neal L. (2005): A review of the genera comprising species of the genus Eurynogaster sensu Hardy & Kohn, 1964 in Hawai‘i (Diptera: Dolichopodidae). Zootaxa 1017: 39-60
03F2142B8A358864FEAFFE8CFC90FD3C.taxon	discussion	Discussion: Most species of this genus are relatively small (body length 2 – 3 mm). The larger and more commonly found species (especially in riparian habitats) previously considered as belonging in “ Eurynogaster ” are assigned here to either Uropachys, Sweziella, or Major. After transferring species in this study to other genera, there are now currently 24 species known in the genus. Elmo Hardy (pers. comm.) had always considered Campsicnemus and Eurynogaster as “ sister ” genera in the Sympycninae in that the species with large, conspicuous, well differentiated male genitalia belonged in Eurynogaster (without an elaborate courtship behavior) and those species that possessed male genitalia with little or no specific characters belonged in Campsicnemus (with an elaborate courtship behavior). He felt that in these two dolichopodid genera mating recognition among males and females worked such that in Eurynogaster it was a lock­and­key mechanism based on the genitalia; while in Campsicnemus it was recognition by females of males of the same species based primarily on MSSC in the legs (consisting of striking modifications of structural shapes and setation) that were used as visual cues during courtship. This close phylogenetic relationship corroborated the hypothesis of Rentz (1972) in that related taxa for which one group had no elaborate courtship mechanism would have complex genitalia, while those that did have elaborate courtship would have more simple genitalia. This view of grouping Eurynogaster and Campsicnemus in the Sympycninae was followed by all workers since their placement together in the subfamily by Van Duzee (1933). However, re­examination of the male genitalia and chaetotaxy of the thorax and legs shows similarities in genitalic structures and leg and thoracic chaetotaxy with some genera currently placed in Hydrophorinae (e. g., Sigmatineurum, Paraliancalus). A more thorough comparative morphological and phylogenetic study is necessary to ascertain the subfamilial placement of Eurynogaster and its allies within Dolichopodidae. Included Species: Eurynogaster ablusispina Tenorio *, E. angusticerca Tenorio *, E. angustifacies Hardy & Kohn *, E. argentata Hardy & Kohn *, E. callaina Hardy & Kohn *, E. cilifemorata Parent, E. clavaticauda Van Duzee *, E. concava Tenorio *, E. furva Hardy & Kohn *, E. hawaiiensis Grimshaw, E. incompta Hardy & Kohn *, E. kauaiensis Hardy & Kohn *, E. maculata Parent, E. mediocris Tenorio *, E. obscura Tenorio *, E. obscurifacies Parent *, E. paludis Hardy & Kohn *, E. retrociliata Parent, E. spiniger (Grimshaw), E. subciliata Hardy & Kohn *, E. tanyceraea Hardy & Kohn *, E. undulata Tenorio *, E. variabilis Hardy & Kohn *, E. vittata Hardy & Kohn *.	en	Evenhuis, Neal L. (2005): A review of the genera comprising species of the genus Eurynogaster sensu Hardy & Kohn, 1964 in Hawai‘i (Diptera: Dolichopodidae). Zootaxa 1017: 39-60
03F2142B8A328866FEAFF9F4FE5FF9A4.taxon	description	(Figs. 8, 12 a, 17, 25)	en	Evenhuis, Neal L. (2005): A review of the genera comprising species of the genus Eurynogaster sensu Hardy & Kohn, 1964 in Hawai‘i (Diptera: Dolichopodidae). Zootaxa 1017: 39-60
03F2142B8A328866FEAFF9F4FE5FF9A4.taxon	type_taxon	Type species: Paraliancalus minor Parent, 1938, by present designation.	en	Evenhuis, Neal L. (2005): A review of the genera comprising species of the genus Eurynogaster sensu Hardy & Kohn, 1964 in Hawai‘i (Diptera: Dolichopodidae). Zootaxa 1017: 39-60
03F2142B8A328866FEAFF9F4FE5FF9A4.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis: The genus is easily recognized among Hawaiian dolichopodids by its conspicuously large tarsal claws (present in both males and females) combined with the long, thin, recurved and fused cerci of the hypopygium, and large unilobed surstyli without conspicuous setation (Fig. 25).	en	Evenhuis, Neal L. (2005): A review of the genera comprising species of the genus Eurynogaster sensu Hardy & Kohn, 1964 in Hawai‘i (Diptera: Dolichopodidae). Zootaxa 1017: 39-60
03F2142B8A328866FEAFF9F4FE5FF9A4.taxon	description	Description: Male. Body length: 3.5 – 4.5 mm. Wing length: 3.5 – 5.2 mm. Head. Generally shining metallic; face equal to distance between lateral edges of antennal sockets (cf. Fig. 1), parallel to clypeus; ventral margin of clypeus ending just above lower margin of eyes; palpi extending below eyes. Antennae with first flagellomere long, rounded apically, length ca. 3 x width; arista dorsal, bare, with micropubescence only at tip. Ocellars large, 1 / 4 – 1 / 3 head height; verticals absent. Thorax. Generally shining metallic dorsally, pleura subpollinose. Chaetotaxy as follows: 5 dc; 2 np; 1 ph; 1 pa; 1 sc; 2 sa; ac absent. Legs. Coxae I – III predominantly bare, short fine hairs apically. All femora with ventral bristles, strongest on FII and FIII. Tibia II and TIII with a few strong setae. Claws large (Fig. 12 a). Wing (Fig. 17). With dense brown microtrichia giving wing a smoky brown appearance. CuAx ratio about 2. Abdomen. Shining metallic dorsally, pollinose on sternites. Segments I – V subequal in length; abdominal hairs generally short, longer on posterior margins of tergites, sternite IV bilobed to accommodate terminalia. Hypopygium (Fig. 25). Ovate­elliptical; extending forward to posterior margin of 4 th segment; cerci fused basally, sclerotized along entire length, recurved on apical 1 / 4, tip slightly swollen with dark sclerotization; surstylus unilobed, robust, without strong setation; basiventral epandrial lobe long, thin, with apical setae; hypandrium broad basally, then tapering to recurved pointed apex. Female. As in male except for genitalic features; legs normal, without modifications.	en	Evenhuis, Neal L. (2005): A review of the genera comprising species of the genus Eurynogaster sensu Hardy & Kohn, 1964 in Hawai‘i (Diptera: Dolichopodidae). Zootaxa 1017: 39-60
03F2142B8A328866FEAFF9F4FE5FF9A4.taxon	discussion	Discussion: Only one species, Major minor (Parent), is known. Parent (1938) originally described the species in Paraliancalus with which it does have certain similarities; however, the cerci are differently modified and the claws are extremely large (relatively normal sized in Paraliancalus). He later (Parent 1940) transferred the species to Eurynogaster with the following caveat: “ J’ai été amené à ranger dans le genre Eurynogaster, la forme que j’avais décrite sous le nom Paraliancalus minor, bien que cette dernière espèce soit un peu aberrante dans ce genre. ” Parent was correct in his assumption of it being an aberrant species in that genus; yet subsequent workers kept the species in Eurynogaster, possibly without having properly studied the male genitalia. Examination in this study confirms that the species does not fit the generic limits of Eurynogaster or any other known genus and is here transferred to the new genus Major. Williams (1940) conducted biological observations on the species and found it commonly at seeps near Mt. Ka‘ala in the Wai‘anae range on O‘ahu. Its large claws are similar to the size found in species of the Marquesan sympycnine genus Humongochela Evenhuis (Evenhuis 2004), which are also found clinging to wet vertical seeps; and in Sigmatineurum, many species of which can also be found clinging to the wet vertical faces of boulders in the middle of fast moving streams. Williams (1940) related the following concerning his observations near Gunnera Springs near Mt. Ka‘ala: “ [The genus] appears to favor the steep banks with patchy lights (water, etc., reflections) ” ... Though brilliant, it is not conspicuous as it rests head upwards and high on its legs on a dripping wet bank. ” Included species: Major minor (Parent) *, comb. n.	en	Evenhuis, Neal L. (2005): A review of the genera comprising species of the genus Eurynogaster sensu Hardy & Kohn, 1964 in Hawai‘i (Diptera: Dolichopodidae). Zootaxa 1017: 39-60
03F2142B8A328866FEAFF9F4FE5FF9A4.taxon	etymology	Etymology: The genus­group name derives from the Latin major (= large); referring to the extremely large tarsal claws of species in this genus used for clinging to steep, wet, rocky seeps.	en	Evenhuis, Neal L. (2005): A review of the genera comprising species of the genus Eurynogaster sensu Hardy & Kohn, 1964 in Hawai‘i (Diptera: Dolichopodidae). Zootaxa 1017: 39-60
03F2142B8A308878FEAFF93BFDBAFE04.taxon	description	(Figs. 1, 9, 18, 26)	en	Evenhuis, Neal L. (2005): A review of the genera comprising species of the genus Eurynogaster sensu Hardy & Kohn, 1964 in Hawai‘i (Diptera: Dolichopodidae). Zootaxa 1017: 39-60
03F2142B8A308878FEAFF93BFDBAFE04.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis: Most similar to Elmoia in both genera having the fourth abdominal sternite possessing a posteromedial ventral process, but can be separated from it by the hypopygium with a clavate apex of the basoventral epandrial lobe (this lobe not clavate in Elmoia) and the CuAx ratio> 2.5 (closer to 1 in Elmoia). Hypopygium (Fig. 26): Cercus rounded, hemispherical, with small process apicodorsally; surstylus unilobed, with hairs and modified setae at apex; basiventral epandrial lobe long, thin, sinuous, with clavate or swollen apex; apicoventral epandrial lobe inserted basad of surstylus long, thin, with short apical hairs; hypandrium broad, bladelike, with slightly recurved hook­like apex.	en	Evenhuis, Neal L. (2005): A review of the genera comprising species of the genus Eurynogaster sensu Hardy & Kohn, 1964 in Hawai‘i (Diptera: Dolichopodidae). Zootaxa 1017: 39-60
03F2142B8A308878FEAFF93BFDBAFE04.taxon	discussion	Discussion: A re­examination of the hypopygium in this study shows that what appears to be a bilobed surstylus is actually a unilobed surstylus and an apicoventral epan­ drial lobe in close approximation to the surstylus as is evidenced from internal skeletal structures of the hypopygium. A similar condition is found in Uropachys. Included Species: Sigmatineurum binodatum (Parent), S. chalybeum Parent, S. englundi Evenhuis *, S. iao Evenhuis *, S. meaohi Evenhuis *, S. mnemogagne Evenhuis *, S. napali Evenhuis *, S. nigrum Evenhuis *, S. omega Evenhuis *, S. parenti Evenhuis *, S. puleloai Englund & Evenhuis *.	en	Evenhuis, Neal L. (2005): A review of the genera comprising species of the genus Eurynogaster sensu Hardy & Kohn, 1964 in Hawai‘i (Diptera: Dolichopodidae). Zootaxa 1017: 39-60
03F2142B8A2E8879FEAFF982FAC4FC74.taxon	description	(Figs. 10, 19, 27)	en	Evenhuis, Neal L. (2005): A review of the genera comprising species of the genus Eurynogaster sensu Hardy & Kohn, 1964 in Hawai‘i (Diptera: Dolichopodidae). Zootaxa 1017: 39-60
03F2142B8A2E8879FEAFF982FAC4FC74.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis: Species in this genus are relatively larger in size than typical Eurynogaster and can be distinguished from the latter genus and Uropachys by the conspicuous ventrally oriented lateral process on the 3 rd abdominal tergite (Fig. 10) and the hypopygium having rounded cerci with unmodified hairs, long, thin bilobate surstylus, both lobes possessing apical spines, and the straight and sharply pointed aedeagus (Fig. 27). Hypopygium (Fig. 27): Extending forward up to posterior margin of 4 th abdominal segment. In lateral view: cercus rounded, with fine hairs; surstylus bilobate, both lobes of equal length, long, thin, with strong apical setation or bristling; basiventral and apicoventral epandrial lobes absent; hypandrium sinuous, usually elongate; aedeagus long, thin, straight to sharply pointed apex.	en	Evenhuis, Neal L. (2005): A review of the genera comprising species of the genus Eurynogaster sensu Hardy & Kohn, 1964 in Hawai‘i (Diptera: Dolichopodidae). Zootaxa 1017: 39-60
03F2142B8A2E8879FEAFF982FAC4FC74.taxon	discussion	Discussion: Species in Sweziella are what many workers have previously characterized as the “ typical ” Eurynogaster owing to their relatively large size and commonness in collections. True Eurynogaster are typically much smaller in size whereas Sweziella include some of the larger members of the Eurynogaster group of genera (body length 3 – 6 mm). Currently, 7 species are placed in the genus. Included Species: Sweziella aeruginosa (Hardy & Kohn) *, comb. n., Sweziella conspicua (Hardy & Kohn) *, comb. n., Sweziella emarginata (Tenorio) *, comb. n., Sweziella gracilipennata (Hardy & Kohn) *, comb. n., Sweziella pictilipennata (Tenorio) *, comb. n., Sweziella tergoprolixa (Hardy & Kohn) *, comb. n., Sweziella virida (Van Duzee) *.	en	Evenhuis, Neal L. (2005): A review of the genera comprising species of the genus Eurynogaster sensu Hardy & Kohn, 1964 in Hawai‘i (Diptera: Dolichopodidae). Zootaxa 1017: 39-60
03F2142B8A2F887AFEAFFC76FB8FFD14.taxon	description	(Figs. 11, 20, 28)	en	Evenhuis, Neal L. (2005): A review of the genera comprising species of the genus Eurynogaster sensu Hardy & Kohn, 1964 in Hawai‘i (Diptera: Dolichopodidae). Zootaxa 1017: 39-60
03F2142B8A2F887AFEAFFC76FB8FFD14.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis: Species in this genus are distinguished from other genera by the following: absence of anterior preapical setae on all femora; hypopygium extremely large, larger than 1 / 2 length of abdomen; and cerci variably shaped, long (usually over 3 x width), sclerotized, possessing strong, modified bristles, especially at apex (Fig. 28). As in Sigmatineurum, what appears to be a long thin upper surstylar lobe is actually the apicoventral epandrial lobe. Hypopygium (Fig. 28): Extending forward well past 4 th segment, in some species up to 2 nd abdominal segment. In lateral view: cercus elongate, sclerotized, rounded basally with fine hairs, becoming thinner medially, then enlarging to apex, medial and apical portions shining, with strong setation and / or modified setae, especially apically; surstylus unilobed, with short hairs apically; basiventral epandrial lobe relatively small, truncate apically, not elongate, without strong setae; apicoventral lobe inserted basoventrad of surstylus, long, thin, with apical setation; hypandrium length about 3 x width, with small recurved hook­like apex, with small rounded lateral lobe; postgonite well developed, rounded.	en	Evenhuis, Neal L. (2005): A review of the genera comprising species of the genus Eurynogaster sensu Hardy & Kohn, 1964 in Hawai‘i (Diptera: Dolichopodidae). Zootaxa 1017: 39-60
03F2142B8A2F887AFEAFFC76FB8FFD14.taxon	discussion	Discussion: After being transferred to Eurynogaster, Uropachys hawaiensis (Parent), was given the new replacement name E. parenti by Hardy & Kohn (1964) because it was at that time preoccupied by Eurynogaster hawaiiensis (Grimshaw). Now that it is removed in the present study from its secondary homonymy, Article 59.4 of the I. C. Z. N. Code (I. C. Z. N. 1999) requires that the original species [Uropachys hawaiensis (Parent)] be considered the valid name for the species, and Eurynogaster parenti Hardy & Kohn becomes a new synonym. All species in this genus are restricted to the island of Kaua‘i. Included Species: Uropachys clavastylus (Hardy & Kohn) *, comb. n., U. crassicercus (Hardy & Kohn) *, comb. n., U. flavicrurus (Hardy & Kohn) *, comb. n., comb. n., U. fusticercus (Hardy & Kohn) *, comb. n., U. hawaiensis (Parent), rev. stat., U. palustricola (Hardy & Kohn) *, comb. n., U. pulvereus (Hardy & Kohn) *, comb. n.	en	Evenhuis, Neal L. (2005): A review of the genera comprising species of the genus Eurynogaster sensu Hardy & Kohn, 1964 in Hawai‘i (Diptera: Dolichopodidae). Zootaxa 1017: 39-60
