identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
03F25C667E52FF2A7F7C1391FD5FFC57.text	03F25C667E52FF2A7F7C1391FD5FFC57.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Macrothele nullispine Zhang & Wu & Zhao & Yang 2024	<div><p>Macrothele nullispine sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 3781E457-652E-4BC3-96B6-542AD4BFC339</p><p>Figs 2–5</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>This new species is similar to Macrothele arcuata Tang, Zhao &amp; Yang, 2020 (Tang et al. 2020), but differs by the male embolus and the bulb not strongly bent in the new species, and the embolus gradually tapering down from the bulb, with a curved apex (Fig. 3D–G), and the palpal tibia without spines (Fig. 3A–C); male chelicerae ventrally with 9 short and stout teeth (Fig. 2D); female copulatory ducts long, with a wider base and an inwardly curved proximal end, spermathecae small and nearly dropletlike (Fig. 4D–E). Conversely, the embolus and bulb are strongly bent, the end of the embolus is straight in; and the female copulatory ducts are longer the M. arcuata .</p><p>Etymology</p><p>The new species name is a noun in apposition, referring to the male palpal tibia lacking spines.</p><p>Material examined</p><p>Holotype CHINA • ♂; Yunnan Province, Shidian County, He Yuan Town, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=99.14694&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=24.740557" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 99.14694/lat 24.740557)">Shiping Highway</a>; 24°44′26″ N, 99°8′49″ E; 1891 m a.s.l.; 1 Oct. 2019; Zizhong Yang and Yunfen Xiong leg.; DNA voucher no. HYX; ♀ GenBank accession no.: OQ724523; Mn-hy-f01; DNA voucher no. SPGL01; ♀ GenBank accession no.: OQ724526; Mn-hy-f02.</p><p>Paratypes CHINA • 3 ♂♂ (juveniles), 11 ♀♀ (4 juveniles); same collection data as for holotype • 3 ♀♀ (1 juvenile); Yunnan Province, Shidian County, He Yuan Town, near the village entrance of <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=99.12555&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=24.693218" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 99.12555/lat 24.693218)">Da Menzhai Village</a>; 24°41′35.59″ N, 99°7′31.97″ E; 1430 m a.s.l.; 24 Dec. 2020; Zizhong Yang and Chaowu Yang leg. • 2 ♀♀; Jiangxi Province, Jinggangshan; 8 Sep. 1982; Jiafu Wang leg.</p><p>Description</p><p>Male (holotype, see Figs 2–3)</p><p>MEASUREMENTS. Total length 9.81: cephalothorax 4.99 long, 4.23 wide; opisthosoma 4.70 long, 2.91 wide.</p><p>PROSOMA. Carapace brown, brown hairs. Fovea pit-shaped (Fig. 2C). Chelicerae brown, with 9 short and stout promarginal teeth, 9 small retromarginal teeth, and 18 tiny teeth within fang furrow. Labium yellow at base and end; maxillae yellow medially, colloquial laterally; labium and maxillae with numerous cuspules; maxillae 1.48 long, and cuspule area length 0.97. Sternum yellow and with three pairs of sigilla.</p><p>PALP. Palpal tibia spinose. Palpal bulb suborbicular, joint of embolus and bulb not strongly bent in new species, embolus gradually tapers down from bulb, with curved end, 2.75 long.</p><p>EYES AND SPINNERETS. Both eye rows recurved in dorsal view. Eye sizes and inter-distances: AME 0.16, ALE 0.40, PME 0.21, PLE 0.27; ALE–AME 0.09, AME–AME 0.15, ALE–PLE 0.10, PLE–PME 0.13, PME–PME 0.37. Eye area 0.65 long, 1.15 wide.</p><p>LEGS. Brown, hirsute. Leg formula: 4321. Leg measurements as follows: I 11.02 (3.27, 1.56, 2.37, 2.16, 1.66); II 12.41 (3.12, 2.04, 2.46, 2.89, 1.90); III 12.92 (3.24, 3.64, 2.27, 2.96, 1.81); IV 13.27 (2.94, 1.98, 2.63, 3.82, 1.90).</p><p>OPISTHOSOMA. Brown, hirsute. Spinnerets: PMS one segment, 0.83 long, 0.26 wide, PMS–PMS 0.76; PLS three segments, PLS 5.20 long (1.49, 1.79, 1.92).</p><p>Female (see Fig. 4)</p><p>MEASUREMENTS. Total length 10.80: cephalothorax 5.63 long, 4.51 wide; opisthosoma 5.41 long, 3.51 wide.</p><p>PROSOMA. Chelicerae brown, with 10 stout promarginal teeth, 14 small retromarginal teeth, and 18 tiny teeth within fang furrow. Labium and maxillae with numerous cuspules; maxillae length 1.54, and cuspules area length 1.02.</p><p>EYES AND SPINNERETS. Eye sizes and inter-distances: AME 0.18, ALE 0.34, PME 0.23, PLE 0.27; AME– AME 0.19, ALE–AME 0.11, ALE–PLE 0.13, PME–PME 0.52, PLE–PME 0.08. Eye area 0.75 long, 1.27 wide.</p><p>LEGS. Legs brown with many spines and hairs. With spines. Leg formula: 4321. Leg measurements as follows: I 9.86 (2.57, 1.55, 2.77, 1.70, 1.27); II 11.4 (3.10, 1.47, 2.73, 2.24, 1.86); III 11.59 (3.13, 1.29, 2.39, 2.63, 2.15); IV 13.39 (3.57, 1.56, 2.55, 3.29, 2.42).</p><p>SPERMATHECAE. Receptacula apically small and nearly teardrop-shaped, copulatory ducts long, broad at base and inward bending. Spinnerets: PMS 1.25 long, 0.43 wide, PMS–PMS 1.03; PLS 3.46 long (1.45, 0.93, 1.08).</p><p>Natural history</p><p>The spiders mainly reside in existing stone crevices or caves along highways, soil slopes, gaps in tree bark, and under fallen leaves.</p><p>Distribution</p><p>Yunnan Province, China (Shidian City).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F25C667E52FF2A7F7C1391FD5FFC57	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Zhang, Meng-Meng;Wu, Ya-Ying;Zhao, Yu;Yang, Zi-Zhong	Zhang, Meng-Meng, Wu, Ya-Ying, Zhao, Yu, Yang, Zi-Zhong (2024): Two new species of the genus Macrothele Ausserer, 1871 from Yunnan Province, China (Araneae: Macrothelidae). European Journal of Taxonomy 932: 69-81, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.932.2513, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2513/11271
03F25C667E56FF267F7910E7FCD1FD2B.text	03F25C667E56FF267F7910E7FCD1FD2B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Macrothele auriculata Zhang & Wu & Zhao & Yang 2024	<div><p>Macrothele auriculata sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 8A57AE32-43C2-4381-AA8C-368282C5EB69</p><p>Figs 6–9</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>This new species is similar to Macrothele guihzouensis Hu &amp; Li, 1986 (Wu et al. 2022), but differs by the male embolus being slender, slightly curved from the middle with a pointed apex in the new species (Fig. 7D–F); the palp tibia with six prolateral spines and three dorsal spines (Fig. 7A–B), the retrolateral face of the palpal trochanter has no lyrate organ; female copulatory ducts long (Fig. 8D). Conversely, the embolus is short, stout, and straight in M. guihzouensis, and with a flattened apex; the retrolateral face of the palpal trochanter has a lyrate organ; and the female copulatory ducts are short.</p><p>Etymology</p><p>The new species name is a noun in apposition and refers to the auricle-like female genitalia.</p><p>Material examined</p><p>Holotype CHINA • ♂; Yunnan Province, Binchuan County, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=100.37778&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=25.961111" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 100.37778/lat 25.961111)">Jizu Mountain</a>; 25°57′40″ N, 100°22′40″ E; 2406 m a.s.l.; 15 Sep. 2021; Zizhong Yang, Lijun Ding, Jiasen Wei and Yaping Chang leg; DNA voucher no. JZS02; ♀: GenBank accession no. OQ724525; Ma-kh-f01; DNA voucher no. gx1; ♂: GenBank accession no. OQ692411; Ma-kh-m01.</p><p>Paratypes CHINA – Yunnan Province • 1 ♂, 2 ♀♀; same collection data as for holotype • 1 ♀; Binchuan County, Jizu Mountain, near <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=100.36995&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=25.963972" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 100.36995/lat 25.963972)">Yulong Waterfall</a>; 25°57′50.3″ N, 100°22′11.8″ E; 1 Jul. 2018; Wenjie Zhang leg. • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; Binchuan County, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=100.37417&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=25.94111" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 100.37417/lat 25.94111)">Kang he Highway</a>; 25°56′28″ N, 100°22′27″ E; 1905 m a.s.l.; 10 Jul. 2021; Yongming You, Lijun Ding, Xiaoliang Gu and Yaying Wu leg.</p><p>Description</p><p>Male (holotype, Figs 6–7)</p><p>MEASUREMENTS. Total length 18.10: cephalothorax 6.95 long, 5.59 wide; opisthosoma 8.66 long, 6.02 wide.</p><p>PROSOMA. Carapace grey-black, gray hairy. Fovea pit-shaped. Chelicerae black, with 10 short and stout promarginal teeth, 12 small retromarginal teeth, 25 tiny teeth within fang furrow. Labium brown at base and end, maxillae internal colour lighter, maroon laterally; labium and maxillae with numerous cuspules; maxillae length 1.48, and cuspule area length 0.97. Sternum dark brown, with three pairs of sigilla.</p><p>PALP. Palp tibia with 6 prolateral and 3 dorsal spines, retrolateral face of palpal trochanter without lyrate organ. Embolus slender, slightly curved from middle and tapered at end, 4.75 long.</p><p>EYES AND SPINNERETS. Both eye rows recurved. Eye sizes and inter-distances: AME 0.27, ALE 0.41, PME 0.28, PLE 0.37; ALE–AME 0.12, AME–AME 0.27, ALE–PLE 0.11, PLE–PME 0.10, PME–PME 0.62. Eye area 0.88 long, 1.60 wide.</p><p>LEGS. Brown, hirsute. Spines. Leg formula: 4312. Leg measurements as follows: I 17.68 (4.17, 1.86, 4.02, 4.53, 3.10); II 16.26 (4.04, 1.95, 4.31, 3.19, 2.77); III 17.97 (4.36, 1.46, 3.95, 5.05, 3.15); IV 20.75 (5.09, 1.34, 4.65, 5.83, 3.84).</p><p>OPISTHOSOMA. Gray-brown, hirsute. Spinnerets: PMS one segment, 1.56 long, 0.36 wide; PMS–PMS 1.14; PLS three segments, PLS 6.80 long (2.48, 2.07, 2.25).</p><p>Female (Fig. 8)</p><p>MEASUREMENTS. Total length 17.52: cephalothorax 7.11 long, 5.67 wide; opisthosoma 11.43 long, 8.46 wide.</p><p>PROSOMA. Chelicerae brown, with 11 stout promarginal teeth, 12 small retromarginal teeth, and 13 tiny teeth within fang furrow. Labium and maxillae with numerous cuspule; maxillae length 1.54, and cuspules area length 1.02.</p><p>EYES AND SPINNERETS. Eye sizes and interdistances: AME 0.31, ALE 0.42, PME 0.24, PLE 0.38; AME–AME 0.18, ALE–AME 0.14, ALE–PLE 0.16, PME–PME 0.70, PLE–PME 0.09. Eye area 0.89 long, 1.65 wide.</p><p>LEGS. Legs black-brown, hairy. With spines. Leg formula: 4321. Leg measurements as follows: I 14.90 (4.55, 2.75, 3.21, 2.62, 1.77); II 14.98 (4.02, 2.56, 2.91, 3.21, 2.28); III 15.61 (4.52, 2,49, 2.42, 3.73, 2.45); IV 18.02 (4.80, 2.75, 3.62, 4.20, 2.65).</p><p>SPERMATHECAE. Spermathecal receptacles apically small with globular apex, copulatory ducts long. Spinnerets: PMS 1.92 long, 0.54 wide, PMS–PMS 1.58; PLS 8.62 long (2.68, 2.82, 3.12).</p><p>Natural history</p><p>The spiders mainly reside in existing stone crevices or caves along highways, soil slopes, gaps in tree bark, and under fallen leaves.</p><p>Distribution</p><p>Yunnan Province, China (Dali City).</p><p>DNA barcoding</p><p>A total of four samples are determined for Macrothele nullispine sp. nov. (2 ♀♀) and M. auriculata sp. nov. (♀, ♂), the DNA barcode sequences were uploaded to NCBI. Also, the COI sequences of M. arcuata Tang, Zhao &amp; Yang, 2020 (♀, ♂) and M. guizhouensis Hu &amp; Li, 1986 (♀) were obtained from GenBank (see Table 1 for accession numbers).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F25C667E56FF267F7910E7FCD1FD2B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Zhang, Meng-Meng;Wu, Ya-Ying;Zhao, Yu;Yang, Zi-Zhong	Zhang, Meng-Meng, Wu, Ya-Ying, Zhao, Yu, Yang, Zi-Zhong (2024): Two new species of the genus Macrothele Ausserer, 1871 from Yunnan Province, China (Araneae: Macrothelidae). European Journal of Taxonomy 932: 69-81, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.932.2513, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2513/11271
