identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
03F387C57A2BFFB9FE9B04EE3655BF1C.text	03F387C57A2BFFB9FE9B04EE3655BF1C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Thysanarthria Orchymnont 1926	<div><p>Thysanarthria Orchymont, 1926</p><p>Thysanarthria Orchymont, 1926a:195 . Type species: Hydrobius atriceps Régimbart, 1903 by original designation.</p><p>= Chaetarthriomorphus Chiesa, 1967: 276 . Type species: C. sulcatus Chiesa, 1967 by monotypy. Synonymized by HANSEN (1991: 126).</p><p>Diagnosis. The genus can be recognized from other co-occurring genera of the Hydrophilidae based on the following combination of characters: body small to medium sized (1.4–2.2 mm); head black, pronotum and elytra yellowish to pale brown in most species, uniformly brown in the remaining ones (Figs 1 A–D); head with large exposed well sclerotized labrum (e.g., Fig. 1B); antenna with 9 antennomeres, scape very long, pedicel bulbose, antennomeres 3–5 very small, cupule and three-segment antennal club pubescent (Fig. 3D); maxillary palpomere 4 basally with row of many peg-like setae (Fig. 3E); mentum projecting anteromedially, with row of setae along anterior margin (Fig. 3A); gular sutures contiguous (Fig. 3C); mesoventrite distinctly divided from anepisterna by sutures, sutures widely separated on anterior margin of mesothorax (Fig. 3B); mesoventrite flat except of small semicircular elevation posteromesally (Fig. 3B); metaventrite short, sparsely pubescent only mesally and anterolaterally (Fig. 3B); elytra with 10 sharply impressed striae (Figs 1 A–D); whole dorsal surface covered by sparsely arranged setae which are trifid basally with a long median projection (Figs 1C, 2 a–b); profemora pubescent in basal half (Fig. 3C); mesofemora pubescent anterobasally (Fig. 3B); metafemora bare except on anterobasal margins (Fig. 3B); tarsi rather short and stout, metatarsus with all tarsomeres c. equal in length (Fig. 3F); abdomen with 5 ventrites, basal two bearing shallow cavity covered by long setae arising from base of ventrite 1, holding whitish gelatinous substance (Figs 3 G–H); ventrite 1–2 with median carina; male abdominal sternite 8 with narrow median projection (Fig. 2H); male sternite 9 V-shaped medially (Fig. 2J); aedeagus with long tubular phallobase, base of median lobe not reaching deeply into phallobase (Figs 4–9).</p><p>Differential diagnosis. The base of abdomen with series of long setae covering a gelatinous substance and antenna with bulbous pedicel distinguish Thysanarthria from all other non-chaetarthriine genera. Within Chaetarthriini, the well sclerotized and widely exposed labrum differentiates it from Hemisphaera Pandellé, 1876 (which is also smaller and has more depressed body: see FIKÁČEK et al. 2012, JIA et al. 2013) which can co-occur with Thysanarthria, and from the Neotropical genus Guyanobius Spangler, 1986 (see GUSTAFSON &amp; SHORT 2010). Thysanarthria can be distinguished from all three groups of Chaetarthria defined above by the elytra with 10 sharply impressed striae (Figs 1 A–D). Most species of the genus are easy to recognize in the samples by their small body size and pale coloration of pronotum and elytra constrasting with the black head (this coloration is not present only in the Near East T. persica sp. nov. and T. wadicola sp. nov.).</p><p>Characters important for species-level identification. All known species of Thysanarthria are very similar to each other in most external characters, and their tiny size makes the observation of many characters very difficult. The only external characters are (1) the presence/absence of the microsculpture on the head and labrum, pronotum and elytra, which can be either strongly mesh-like, weak and granulate, or totally absent; and (2) the body shape which can be wider (Fig. 1A) or more elongate (Figs 1B, D), but this is hard to compare in specimens which are not mounted in extended position on labels. Body coloration differs between species, with pronotum and elytra either uniformly yellowish (Figs 1A, C) or partly darkened (e.g. pronotum in Fig. 1D) or uniformly dark brown (Fig. 1B). However, examination of longer series of some species ( T. championi and T. siamensis) revealed that the coloration can vary within a species, and hence is not always reliable for identification. The same is true for the dorsal body microsculpture which seems to vary in intensity, at least in T. brittoni (see under that species). The body size also differs between species, and the presence of specimens of different size in the same series may indicate the presence of multiple species. However, in species in which more specimens were available, the body size was revealed to vary to some extent as well, and the body size can be hence used as an additional character only. Therefore, examination of the male genitalia is necessary for reliable identification in all cases. Ideally, the genitalia should be examined under a medium magnification of the compound microscope, and attention should be paid also to the membranous structures on the apical part of the median lobe (including short, paired, subapical projections which are present only in some species, e.g. Figs 5 D–E, I–J, 6 D–E, I–J). The proportions of parameres may be uneasy to observe as they are partly affected by the position of the aedeagus, and the genitalia should be carefully observed under slightly different angles in case of doubts. The ratio of paramere length to phallobase length should be evaluated in lateral view, due to the strongly bent phallobase in many species. The examination of the material used for this study shows that especially the form of the median lobe is constant and diagnostic, whereas the shape of parameres may slightly vary. The apex of the median lobe is membranous in many species, even though usually rather constant in shape, and it seems that at least in some species it can include parts which are normally inverted and hence not easy to observe, and may sometimes get fully everted after the treatment in KOH (which however may distort other parts of the aedeagus; see e.g. 4J and 7E which show fully everted apical membranous parts). Since the observation of this part is difficult, we did not consider it for species diagnosis.</p><p>As male genitalia are the only reliable character for species identification, below we provide detailed illustrations of the genitalia with which new specimens to be identified should be compared. Once the candidate species is found based on genital morphology, the external characters mentioned above (body size and coloration, presence/ absence of the microsculpture) should be compared with the (re)descriptions provided below. No identification key is hence provided.</p><p>Species groups. The limited number of characters makes it difficult to group the species into supposedly monophyletic species groups. Based on the genital morphology, the African Thysanarthria atriceps is very similar to the Arabian T. brittoni, and these two species seem to form a group of closely related species. The presence of subapical membranous lobes on the median lobe in T. brincki, T. bifida, T. cardamona, T. madurensis, and T. trifida (Figs 5 D–E, I–J; 6 D–E, I–J; 8 N–O) may also point to a close relationships. Thysanarthria brincki and T. cardamona may form a clade within this group characterized by lateroapical spine on the paramere (Figs 5 A–J).</p><p>Function of the abdominal gelatinous substance. All members of the tribe Chaetarthriini including Thysanarthria bear a series of long setae on the base of the abdomen which cover a shallow depression in ventrites 1–2 filled in by whitish gelatinous substance (Figs 3 G–H). When submerged, Thysanarthria floats with dorsal body surface facing up, i.e. in the position usual for most other Hydrophilidae . The gelatinous substance hence does not serve to increase the buoyancy of the beetle as might be the case in the non-related genus Amphiops Erichson, 1843 which bears similar-looking gelatinous substance at the base of abdomen and is swimming in an upside-down position when submerged (Fikáček &amp; Angus, pers. observ.). Moreover, the gelatinous substance does not interfere with the ventral air bubble of the submerged beetle: the bubble covers the whole ventral side of the beetle including the whole abdomen. Therefore, it seems that the substance cannot be functional in submerged beetle but may be an adaptation to its usual environment on the wet sand outside water. The gelatinous substance is sticky in alive specimens. Its function remains unknown.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F387C57A2BFFB9FE9B04EE3655BF1C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Fikáček, Martin;Liu, Hsing-Che	Fikáček, Martin, Liu, Hsing-Che (2019): A review of Thysanarthria with description of seven new species and comments on its relationship to Chaetarthria (Hydrophilidae: Chaetarthriini). Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 59 (1): 229-252, DOI: 10.2478/aemnp-2019-0020
03F387C57A29FFB7FC0A01963680B69C.text	03F387C57A29FFB7FC0A01963680B69C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Thysanarthria atriceps (Regimbart 1903)	<div><p>Thysanarthria atriceps (Régimbart, 1903)</p><p>(Figs 2a, 3B,G,H, 4 A–J)</p><p>Hydrobius atriceps Régimbart, 1903: 33 .</p><p>Hydrobius atriceps: KNISCH (1924a: 169, catalogue); ZAITZEV (1908: 373, catalogue).</p><p>Thysanarthria atriceps: ORCHYMONT (1926a: 195, transfer to Thysanarthria); ORCHYMONT (1926b: 242, transfer to Thysanarthria explained in more detail, comparison with T. championi); BALFOUR--BROWNE (1952: 134, distribution); BALFOUR- BROWNE (1957: 21, distribution); HANSEN (1999: 105, catalogue); HEBAUER (2001: 394, redescription and update of distribution); HEBAUER (2005: 39, distribution); HEBAUER (2006: 24, catalogue).</p><p>Type material. Not examined.</p><p>Additional material examined. MALAWI: 2 ♀♀ (NMPC): Nkhotakota env., 12.92716°S 34.2831°E, 2–3.i.2002, J. Bezděk lgt. REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRICA: WESTERN CAPE: 3 ♂♂, 2 unsexed specimens (NMPC): 8 km NEE of Stanford, in gravel/sand and small isolated pools at the sandy stream and on/in sandy banks along the stream, 34°25.0′S 19°32.4′E, 4–5.xii.2015, Arriaga, Fikáček, Seidel &amp; Vondráček lgt. (RSA 49). ZIMBABWE: 1 ♂, 7 unsexed specimens (NMPC): 20 km W Gwanda, 120 km SE Bulawayo, 6.xii.1999, F. Kantner lgt.</p><p>Redescription. Body length 1.4–2.0 mm, maximum body width 1.1–1.3 mm. Head and labrum black, pronotum and elytra uniformly yellowish; legs reddish to yellowish. Head with strongly granulate microsculpture on interstices; punctation sparse. Eyes separated by 2.7× the width of one eye in dorsal view. Pronotum with sparse setiferous punctation similar to that on head; interstices with strongly granulate microsculpture. Elytra with 10 striae sharply impressed except anteromedially (near scutellar shield) where neither striae nor serial punctures are visible; interval punctation sparse, setiferous; interstices without distinct microsculpture. Aedeagus (Figs 4 A–J) c. 0.5–0.6 mm long. Phallobase slightly widened at base of parameres, slightly narrower than bases of parameres combined, weakly constricted at c. midlength, slightly bent in lateral view. Paremere widely rounded basally, narrowing in apical third, apex rounded. Median lobe narrow, membranous apically, without subapical projections; apex reaching c. level of apex of parameres; gonopore transversely oval, situated in distal third.</p><p>Variability. The examined specimens from the Republic of South Africa and Zimbabwe differ slightly in the shape of the basal part of the parameres (compare Figs 4 A–E and 4F – J) but seem to be identical in all other aspects including the morphology of the median lobe. Examination of much larger material from Africa covering the known distribution would be needed to reveal whether these differences may be constant and correlated with geography; without such a study we consider the observed differences to be intraspecific variation for the moment.</p><p>Differential diagnosis. Thysanarthria atriceps seems to be the only species occurring in Africa and is hence easy to identify. In form of the median lobe and parameres it resembles only the Arabian T. brittoni from which it differs in relatively longer and narrower parameres and less constricted phallobase.</p><p>Biology. The species seems to be usually collected at light. Examined South African specimens were collected from wet sandy banks of a small lowland stream (Fig. 11E), the beetles were found when the sandy parts were flooded with water or pressed to get submerged, which caused the beetles to float on the water surface.</p><p>Distribution. Central and southern part of Africa and Madagascar (where the type locality is situated); on African continent so far recorded from Togo, the Ivory Coast, Angola, Rwanda, Burundi, Malawi, Zimbabwe, Mozambique, and the Republic of South Africa (HEBAUER 2006).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F387C57A29FFB7FC0A01963680B69C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Fikáček, Martin;Liu, Hsing-Che	Fikáček, Martin, Liu, Hsing-Che (2019): A review of Thysanarthria with description of seven new species and comments on its relationship to Chaetarthria (Hydrophilidae: Chaetarthriini). Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 59 (1): 229-252, DOI: 10.2478/aemnp-2019-0020
03F387C57A27FFB7FC0D019630E2B2A9.text	03F387C57A27FFB7FC0D019630E2B2A9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Thysanarthria bengalensis Hebauer 2001	<div><p>Thysanarthria bengalensis Hebauer, 2001</p><p>(Figs 1A, 5 K–M, 11)</p><p>Thysanarthria bengalensis Hebauer, 2001: 395 .</p><p>Type material examined. HOLOTYPE: ♂ (SMNS), ʻEAST PAKISTAN / Dinajpur / X-1969 Barbe // HOLOTYPUS / Thysanarthria / bengalensis sp.n. / des. F. Hebauerʼ.</p><p>Redescription. Body length 2.2 mm, maximum body width 1.3 mm. Head and labrum black, pronotum and elytra uniformly yellowish; legs reddish to yellowish. Head with strong mesh-like microsculpture on interstices; punctation sparse, each puncture bearing pointed seta. Eyes separated by 3.0× the width of one eye in dorsal view. Pronotum with sparse setiferous punctation similar to that on head; interstices with strong mesh-like microsculpture. Elytra with 10 striae, sharply impressed except basally; intervals distintcly convex at midlength and near apex; interval punctation sparse, setiferous; interstices with very faint mesh-like microsculpture. Aedeagus c. 0.6 mm long. Phallobase wide at base of parameres, strongly constricted at midlength into a very narrowly tubular basal part, bent in nearly right angle in lateral view close to parameral base, c. 1.3× longer than parameres. Paremeres wide, c. of same width throughout, arcuately bent, cut off apically and projecting into a small denticle apicomesally. Median lobe not examined as it is absent (damaged) in the holotype.</p><p>Differential diagnosis. Thysanarthria bengalensis is the largest species of the genus and differs from all other species in all elytral series (including the mesal ones) nearly reaching the base of the elytra. In the presence of strong microsculpture on the head and pronotum it resembles T. brincki and T. saurahana, from which it can be easily distinguished by the morphology of male genitalia. The form of the phallobase (extremely constricted in dorsal/ ventral views, and bent in nearly right angle in the lateral view ‒ Fig. 5M) is also unique for this species, and makes it easy to distinguish.</p><p>Biology. Unknown.</p><p>Distribution. Only known from the type locality in northern Bangladesh (HEBAUER 2001).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F387C57A27FFB7FC0D019630E2B2A9	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Fikáček, Martin;Liu, Hsing-Che	Fikáček, Martin, Liu, Hsing-Che (2019): A review of Thysanarthria with description of seven new species and comments on its relationship to Chaetarthria (Hydrophilidae: Chaetarthriini). Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 59 (1): 229-252, DOI: 10.2478/aemnp-2019-0020
03F387C57A27FFB7FF4200C334EFB0F4.text	03F387C57A27FFB7FF4200C334EFB0F4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Thysanarthria brittoni Balfour-Browne 1951	<div><p>Thysanarthria brittoni Balfour-Browne, 1951</p><p>(Figs 4 K–O, 11)</p><p>Thysanarthria brittoni Balfour-Browne, 1951: 215 .</p><p>Thysanarthria brittoni: HEBAUER (1997: 267, catalogue); HANSEN (1999: 105, catalogue).</p><p>Type material examined. HOLOTYPE: ♂ (BMNH), ʻType // W ADEN PROT / Wadi at foot of / Jebel Harir / ca. 5,000 ft / 1,2. xi.1937 // B. M. Exp. to / S. W. Arabia / H. Scott &amp; / E. B. Britton / B. M. 1938-246 // J. Balfour-Browne det. / Thysanarthria / brittoni Type!ʼ.</p><p>Redescription. Body length 1.6 mm, maximum body width 1.0 mm. Head and labrum black, pronotum and elytra uniformly yellowish; legs reddish to yellowish. Head with weak microsculpture on interstices; punctation sparse, each puncture bearing pointed seta. Eyes separated by 3.1× the width of one eye in dorsal view. Pronotum with sparse setiferous punctation similar to that on head; interstices with weak microsculpture. Elytra with 10 striae sharply impressed except anteromedially (near scutellar shield) where neither striae nor serial punctures are visible; interval punctation sparse, setiferous; interstices without distinct microsculpture. Aedeagus (Figs 4 K–O) c. 0.5 mm long. Phallobase strongly widened at base of parameres, c. as wide as bases of parameres combined, strongly constricted at c. midlength, slightly bent in lateral view. Paremere widely rounded basally, slightly narrowing in apical third, apex rounded, apices divergent from each other. Median lobe narrow, membranous apically, without subapical projections; apex reaching c. level of apex of parameres; gonopore transversely oval, situated in distal third.</p><p>Variability. BALFOUR- BROWNE (1951) mentions that the dorsal microsculpture of the head and pronotum, which is very weakly developed in the holotype, is stronger in some of the paratypes which are hence externally undistinguishable from T. atriceps .</p><p>Differential diagnosis and discussion. Thysanarthria brittoni is very similar to T. atriceps in all characters including male genitalia, which only differ in the proportions of the parameres including their slightly diverging apices, and by the more strongly constricted phallobase (see under T. atriceps for details). The difference of the genitalia of T. brittoni from the examined specimens of T. atriceps is bigger than the observed intraspecific variability of T. atriceps, which is the reason why we consider T. brittoni a separate species at the moment.</p><p>Biology. Unknown.</p><p>Distribution. Only known from the type locality in western Yemen, Arabian Peninsula (BALFOUR- BROWNE 1951).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F387C57A27FFB7FF4200C334EFB0F4	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Fikáček, Martin;Liu, Hsing-Che	Fikáček, Martin, Liu, Hsing-Che (2019): A review of Thysanarthria with description of seven new species and comments on its relationship to Chaetarthria (Hydrophilidae: Chaetarthriini). Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 59 (1): 229-252, DOI: 10.2478/aemnp-2019-0020
03F387C57A27FFB5FC4504E13540B4DC.text	03F387C57A27FFB5FC4504E13540B4DC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Thysanarthria bifida Fikáček & Liu 2019	<div><p>Thysanarthria bifida sp. nov.</p><p>(Figs 6 A–E, 11)</p><p>Type material. HOLOTYPE: 1 ♂ (NHMW), THAILAND: MAE HONG SON: Mae Ping, at light, 6.i.–30.ix.1991, lgt. Malicky. PARATYPES: 6 specimens (NHMW, NMPC): same data as the holotype. CHIANG MAI: 2 spec. (NHMW): Chiang Mai, Zoo, at light, 18.–25.iv.1988, lgt. Chantaramongkol &amp; Malicky. SONGKHLA: 3 spec. (NHMW): ʻab Ton Nga Chang WF’, 4.–5.v.1993.</p><p>Description. Body length 1.2–1.5 mm (holotype 1.3 mm), maximum body width 0.8–0.9 mm (holotype 0.9 mm). Head and labrum black, pronotum and elytra uniformly yellowish; legs reddish to yellowish. Head with weak mesh-like microsculpture on interstices; punctation sparse, each puncture bearing a seta. Eyes separated by 4.0× the width of one eye in dorsal view. Pronotum with sparse setiferous punctation similar to that on head; interstices smooth, without microsculpture. Elytra with 10 striae sharply impressed except anteromedially (near scutellar shield) where neither striae nor serial punctures are visible; intervals convex at midlength and near apex; interval punctation sparse, setiferous; interstices without microsculpture. Aedeagus 0.5 mm long. Phallobase weakly and gradually narrowing from base of parameres towards base, slightly widened basally, weakly arcuately bent in lateral view; c. 2× longer than parameres. Paremeres short, wide basally, gradually narrowing towards apex, lateral face nearly continuously arcuate, apex bluntly rounded. Median lobe wide at level of gonopore, indistinctly constricted basally of it, apex membranous, widely rounded; subapical part with two triangular membranous lobes; apex reaching c. level of apex of parameres; gonopore transversely oval, situated below bases of paired projections.</p><p>Differential diagnosis. Thysanarthria bifida is easy to regonize by the median lobe bearing a pair of subapical membranous projections combined with the short parameres arcuately narrowing into simply rounded apices. In these characters it closely resembles T. trifida sp. nov. from which it mainly differs in smaller body size (1.2–1.5 mm in T. bifida, 1.9–2.0 mm in T. trifida), shorter and wider parameres (compare Figs 6 A–E to 6 F–J) and the membranous apex of the median lobe widely rounded (compared to the pointed one in T. trifida).</p><p>Etymology. The species name refers to the subapical pair of projections on the median lobe which make the apex of the median lobe seemingly bifid when observed under the microscope. Adjective.</p><p>Biology. Most examined specimens were collected at light, no more data are available about the biology.</p><p>Distribution. The species is so far known from three localities, two of which are situated in northwestern Thailand (provinces Mae Hong Son and Chiang Mai) and the last in the southernmost Thailand close to the border with Malaysia (province Songkhla). This indicates that the species is likely quite widely distributed but overlooked and rarely collected.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F387C57A27FFB5FC4504E13540B4DC	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Fikáček, Martin;Liu, Hsing-Che	Fikáček, Martin, Liu, Hsing-Che (2019): A review of Thysanarthria with description of seven new species and comments on its relationship to Chaetarthria (Hydrophilidae: Chaetarthriini). Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 59 (1): 229-252, DOI: 10.2478/aemnp-2019-0020
03F387C57A25FFB5FF7102D63009B6BC.text	03F387C57A25FFB5FF7102D63009B6BC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Thysanarthria brincki Hebauer 2001	<div><p>Thysanarthria brincki Hebauer, 2001</p><p>(Figs 5 A–E, 11)</p><p>Thysanarthria brincki Hebauer, 2001: 395</p><p>Type material examined. HOLOTYPE: ♂ (MZLU), ʻCeylon, E. Prov. / Madura Oya / 15 mls NNW Bibile / 13.III.62 Loc. 138 // near river // Lund University / Ceylon Expedition 1962 / Brinck-Andersson- / Cederholm // MZLU / Type no. / 3119:1 // Photo 2017 / by MZLU // MZLU / 2017 / 510’.</p><p>Redescription. Body length 1.6 mm, maximum body width 1.0 mm. Head and labrum black, pronotum and elytra uniformly yellowish; legs reddish to yellowish. Head with strong mesh-like microsculpture on interstices; punctation sparse, each puncture bearing pointed seta. Eyes separated by 2.8× the width of one eye in dorsal view. Pronotum with sparse setiferous punctation similar to that on head; interstices with mesh-like microsculpture. Elytra with 10 striae sharply impressed anteromedially (near scutellar shield) where neither striae nor serial punctures are visible; intervals weakly convex at midlength and near apex; interval punctation sparse, setiferous; interstices without microsculpture. Aedeagus slightly over 0.5 mm long (basal part of phallobase broken in the holotype). Phallobase weakly and gradually narrowing from base of parameres to base, weakly arcuately bent in lateral view, slightly longer than parameres. Paremeres wide, c. of same width throughout, arcuately bent, apex rectangularly widened, with a denticle apicolaterally. Median lobe pointed apically, widening to the level of gonopore, more basally slightly constricted again, subapically with a pair of triangular projections; apex not reaching the level of apex of parameres; gonopore transversely oval, situated below the base of paired projections.</p><p>Differential diagnosis. Thysanarthria brincki is easy to recognize by the unusual shape of the parameral apices which are widely rectangular with a small anterolateral spine; in this character it slightly resembles T. cardamona sp. nov. but differs from it in parameres c. of the same width throughout (compared to the parameres wide basally and strongly constricted in distal third in T. cardamona .</p><p>Biology. Unknown.</p><p>Distribution. Only known from the type locality in Sri Lanka (HEBAUER 2001).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F387C57A25FFB5FF7102D63009B6BC	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Fikáček, Martin;Liu, Hsing-Che	Fikáček, Martin, Liu, Hsing-Che (2019): A review of Thysanarthria with description of seven new species and comments on its relationship to Chaetarthria (Hydrophilidae: Chaetarthriini). Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 59 (1): 229-252, DOI: 10.2478/aemnp-2019-0020
03F387C57A25FFB5FC2400F6317DB1B0.text	03F387C57A25FFB5FC2400F6317DB1B0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Thysanarthria cardamona Fikáček & Liu 2019	<div><p>Thysanarthria cardamona sp. nov.</p><p>(Figs 5 F–J, 11)</p><p>Type material. HOLOTYPE: ♂ (NHMW), INDIA: KERALA: Cardamon Hills, 50 km NW of Pathanamthitta, Pambaiyar river, at light, 6.–9.v.1994, lgt. Z. Kejval. PARATYPES: 9 specimens (NHMW, NMPC): same data as the holotype.</p><p>Description. Body length 1.4–1.7 mm (holotype 1.4 mm), maximum body width 0.8–1.0 mm (holotype 0.8 mm). Head and labrum black, pronotum and elytra uniformly yellowish; legs reddish to yellowish. Head with weak microsculpture on interstices; punctation sparse, each puncture bearing pointed seta. Eyes separated by 3.5× the width of one eye in dorsal view. Pronotum with sparse setiferous punctation similar to that on head; interstices with weak microsculpture. Elytra with 10 striae sharply impressed except anteromedially (near scutellar shield) where neither striae nor serial punctures are visible; intervals flat at midlength, weakly convex near apex; interval punctation sparse, setiferous; interstices without microsculpture. Aedeagus 0.5 mm long. Phallobase wide at base of parameres (but narrower than bases of parameres combined), strongly constricted at c. midlength into narrowly tubular base, in lateral view slightly bent shortly below parameral bases. Paramere wide basally, strongly narrowing up to the apical third, apical half membranous on outer face; apical part projecting into sharp tooth laterally and narrow rounded lobe mesally. Median lobe membranous, rounded apically, not widening subapically; subapically with a pair of rounded projections; apex not reaching the level of apex of parameres; gonopore transversely oval, situated below the base of paired projections.</p><p>Differential diagnosis. Thysanarthria cardamona is easy to distinguish by its very characteristic aedeagus which only slightly resembles that of T. brincki; see under the latter species for the differences.</p><p>Etymology. The species name refers to the Cardamon Hills where the type locality of the species is situated.Adjective.</p><p>Biology. The type series was collected at light, no more information is available.</p><p>Distribution. Only known from the type locality.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F387C57A25FFB5FC2400F6317DB1B0	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Fikáček, Martin;Liu, Hsing-Che	Fikáček, Martin, Liu, Hsing-Che (2019): A review of Thysanarthria with description of seven new species and comments on its relationship to Chaetarthria (Hydrophilidae: Chaetarthriini). Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 59 (1): 229-252, DOI: 10.2478/aemnp-2019-0020
03F387C57A25FFB3FC0C07CA34DDB2E9.text	03F387C57A25FFB3FC0C07CA34DDB2E9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Thysanarthria ceylonensis Hebauer 2001	<div><p>Thysanarthria ceylonensis Hebauer, 2001</p><p>(Figs 6 K–O, 11)</p><p>Thysanarthria ceylonensis Hebauer, 2001: 396</p><p>Type material examined. HOLOTYPE: ♂ (MZLU), SRI LANKA: NORTHERN PROVINCE: ʻCeylon, N. Prov. / Kudattanai / 6 mls SE Point Pedro / 13.II.62, Loc. 70 // At pond in semi- / desert // Lund University / Ceylon Expedition 1962 / Brinck-Andersson- / Cederholm // MZLU / Type no. / 3120:1 // Photo 2017 / by MZLU // MZLU / 2017 / 511’.</p><p>Additional material examined. INDIA: MADHYA PRADESH: 1 ♂, 2 specimens (NHMW, NMPC): River Denwa, ca. 8 km SSE Matkuli, Satpura Range, 400 m, 28.ii.2008, lgt. M. Jäch, S. &amp; P. Sharma; 1 ♀ (NHMW): Hoshangabad Distr., Bandrabhan, ca. 60 km SSE Bhopal, ca. 5 km NE Hoshangabad, River Narmada, 280 m, 23.‒24.ii.2008, lgt. M. Jäch, S. &amp; P. Sharma; 1 spec. (NHWM): Chhindwara Distr., Bhadhua Chora (stream), ca. 10 km E Matkuli near Mahul Jhir, 400 m, 28.ii.2008, lgt. M. Jäch, S. &amp; P.Sharma; 1♀ (NHMW): Hoshangabad Distr., Dhobighat Nala (stream), ca. 2 km SE Pachmarhi,Saphura Range, 900 m, 27.ii.2008, lgt. M. Jäch, S. &amp; P. Sharma.</p><p>Redescription. Body length 1.5–1.7 mm (holotype 1.5 mm), maximum body width 0.9–1.0 mm (holotype 0.9 mm). Head and labrum black and pronotum uniformly yellowish; elytra yellowish with slightly darker lateral parts; legs reddish to yellowish. Head with strong microsculpture on interstices; punctation sparse, each puncture bearing pointed seta. Eyes separated by 3.5× the width of one eye in dorsal view. Pronotum with sparse setiferous punctation similar to that on head; interstices without microsculpture. Elytra with 10 striae sharply impressed except anteromedially (near scutellar shield) where neither striae nor serial punctures are visible; intervals weakly convex at midlength and near apex; interval punctation sparse, setiferous; interstices without microsculpture. Aedeagus (Figs 6 K–O) 0.4 mm long. Phallobase not much wider at base of parameres than more basally, only indistinctly narrowed at midlength; arcuate in lateral view. Paremere moderately wide basally, slightly narrowing towards apex, apex widely angulate. Median lobe widely bottle-shaped, rounded apically, without paired subapical projections; apex not reaching level of parameral apices; gonopore rounded, situated far from apex.</p><p>Differential diagnosis. Thysanarthria ceylonensis resembles T. bengalensis, T. brincki and H. saurahana in having strong mesh-like microsculpture on the head, but it can be easily distinguished from all these species as well as from all other Thysanarthria by a very characteristic aedeagus.</p><p>Biology. Specimens from Madhya Pradesh were collected at the sides of small to large rivers with stony banks (e.g., Fig. 11D) but precise microhabitat is not known (M. A. Jäch, pers. comm.).</p><p>Distribution. Described from Sri Lanka (HEBAUER 2001) but here recorded from central India (Madhya Pradesh), hence the species is likely widespread in the Indian Peninsula.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F387C57A25FFB3FC0C07CA34DDB2E9	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Fikáček, Martin;Liu, Hsing-Che	Fikáček, Martin, Liu, Hsing-Che (2019): A review of Thysanarthria with description of seven new species and comments on its relationship to Chaetarthria (Hydrophilidae: Chaetarthriini). Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 59 (1): 229-252, DOI: 10.2478/aemnp-2019-0020
03F387C57A23FFB0FF6C072130C0B1B6.text	03F387C57A23FFB0FF6C072130C0B1B6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Thysanarthria championi (Knisch 1924)	<div><p>Thysanarthria championi (Knisch, 1924)</p><p>(Figs 2 H–M,b, 3 A,C–F, 7 A–J, 11)</p><p>Chaetarthria championi Knisch, 1924b: 40 .</p><p>Thysanarthria championi: ORCHYMONT (1926a: 195, transfer to Thysanarthria); ORCHYMONT (1926b:242, transfer to Thysanarthria explained in more detail, comparison with T. atriceps); HANSEN (1999: 105, catalogue); HEBAUER (2001:398, redescription and update of distribution).</p><p>Chaetarthriomorphus sulcatus Chiesa, 1967: 276, syn. nov.</p><p>Thysanarthria sulcata: HANSEN (1991: 126, transfer to Thysanarthria); HANSEN (1999: 105, catalogue).All other records of this species refer to different species, see under T. persica sp. nov. and T. wadicola sp. nov.</p><p>Type material examined. Chaetarthria championi . LECTOTYPE (here designated): ♂ (BMNH), INDIA: UTTARKHAND: ʻRanikhet / Kumaon / India, H. G. C. // G. C. Champion / Brit. Mus. / 1924-42. // Chaetarthria / championi / Knisch // det. Knisch / W. E. Z. 1924ʼ. PARALECTOTYPES: 1 spec. (BMNH), same label data as the lectotype; 1 spec. (BMNH): ʻW. Almora / Kumaon U.P. / India, H. G. C. // G. C. Champion / Brit. Mus. / 1924-42. // Chaetarthria / championi / Knisch // Knisch det. 1922 / Chaetarthria / championiʼ; 1 spec. (BMNH): ʻW. Almora / Kumaon / India, H. G. C. // G. C. Champion / Brit. Mus. / 1924-42. // Chaetarthria / championi / Knisch // Knisch det. 1922 / Chaetarthria / championiʼ</p><p>Chaetarthriomorphus sulcatus: LECTOTYPE (here designated): ♂ (HNHM): AFGHANISTAN: ʻNO.Afghan.1953 / J. Klapperich // Nuristan, 1200 m / Bashgultal, 20.IV. // Paratypus 1964 / Chaetarthriomorphus / sulcatus / Chiesa // CHAETARTHRIOMORPHUS / sulcatus / CHIESA / CHIESA DET. // AEDEAGUS / DRAWN BY / P. D. PERKINS’.</p><p>Additional material examined. NEPAL: 1 ♂ (NMPC), S Ganesh Himal village,near Kali Sundhara Bazar, 700 m, 24.–25.v.1996,lgt.Ahrens, Kulbe &amp; Rulik; 1 ♂, 3 specimens (SMNS): Narayani, Sauraha, bank of Rapti River, light trap, 180, 84.49695, 27.56667, 2000-04-18, A. Weigel; 1 ♂ (SMNS):same label data but lgt.A. Skale. INDIA: UTTARANCHAL: 1 ♂, 22 specimens (NMPC): ca. 13 km NW of Nainital, Khaira [= Khairna] bridge, near river, at light, 900 m, 13.–17.vii.2003, lgt. Z. Kejval &amp; M. Trýzna. ARUNACHAL PRADESH: 1 ♂, 8 specimens (NMPC): 8 km S Jamiri-Sesa vicinity, 350 m, 4.–26.v.2006, lgt. P.Pacholatko. CHINA: YUNNAN: 1 ♂, 2 spec. (NHMW): 100 km W of Kunming, Diaolin Nature Reserve, 22.v.–2. vi.1993, lgt.E. Jendek &amp; O.Šauša; 1♂, 2 spec. (NMPC):Tongbiguan vill., near river, at light, 1340 m, 24°36.7ʹN 97°39.4ʹE, 24.–26.vi.2018, lgt. J. Hájek &amp;J.Růžička. MYANMAR: 1♂, 6 specimens (NHMW): Mandalay, ca. 50 km NW Kalaw,Myitsona river, 450 m, 25.x.1998,lgt.Schillhammer.</p><p>Redescription. Body length 1.5–2.0 mm (holotype 1.9 mm), maximum body width 1.0– 1.1 mm (holotype 1.0 mm). Head and labrum black; pronotum yellowish with vaguely delimited darker central spot of variable extent or in some specimens (incl. holotype) completely dark brown; elytra yellowish with darkened elytral striae, or with darker lateral parts, or uniformly brown (incl. in holotype); legs yellowish to brown. Head with weak microsculpture on interstices; punctation sparse, each puncture bearing pointed seta. Eyes separated by 3.1× the width of one eye in dorsal view. Pronotum with sparse setiferous punctation similar to that on head; interstices without microsculpture. Elytra with 10 striae sharply impressed except anteromedially (near scutellar shield) where neither striae nor serial punctures are visible (but darker spots may be present, resembling real punctures); intervals weakly convex at midlength and near apex; interval punctation sparse, setiferous; interstices without microsculpture. Aedeagus (Figs 7 A–J) c. 0.5 mm long. Phallobase not much wider at base of parameres than more basally, only indistinctly narrowed at midlength; arcuate in lateral view. Paremere wide basally, gradually narrowing towards apex, outer face nearly continuously arcuate, slightly bisinuate in apical fourth, apex bluntly pointed; mesal face with short cuticular asperities (visible in cleaned aedeagus only, Fig. 7E). Median lobe widely bottle-shaped, without paired subapical projections; apex nearly reaching level of parameral apices, membranous, rounded in relaxed position (Figs 7D, I–J), with a pair of backwards directed lobes when fully everted (not usually visible); gonopore rounded, situated subapically.</p><p>Differential diagnosis. Thysanarthria championi resembles T. bifida sp. nov., T. trifida sp. nov., and T. chui sp. nov. in the general morphology of the aedeagus and the basally wide parameres arcuately narrowing into widely to narrowly rounded apex; of these T. bifida and T. trifida can be distinguished by the presence of a pair of subapical projections on the median lobe (absent in T. championi); T. chui lacks these lobes, but its parameres are relatively shorter and more abruptly narrowed apically, projecting into rounded lobes. Thysanarthria championi is one of four species co-occurring in Himalaya, along with T. madurensis, T. saurahana sp. nov., and T. siamensis; it can be easily distinguished from all of them by the morphology of male genitalia.</p><p>Comments on synonymy. The above type specimen of Chaetarthriomorphus sulcatus is the only found in the Klapperich collection in HNHM. It is largely damaged, with prothorax and one elytron completely missing. However, the abdomen and male genitalia are present, and the morphology of the aedeagus corresponds completely with that of the lectotype of T. championi . The elytron is paler, not dark brown, which further supports the fact that C. sulcatus cannot be conspecific with the specimens from southern Iran (described here as T. persica sp. nov.) and the northern Arabian Peninsula (described here as T. wadicola sp. nov.) as erroneously reported by HEBAUER (1997) and FIKÁČEK et al. (2010). Following these facts, the examined specimen is designated as the lectotype, and Chaetarthriomorphus sulcatus is here placed in synonymy with Chaetarthria championi .</p><p>Biology. Part of the examined specimens was collected at light on river banks, no more information is available.</p><p>Distribution. The species is widely distributed in the foothills of the Himalaya Mts. and the adjacent mountain systems in eastern Afghanistan (Hindukush Mts.), southwestern China (Yunnan), and Myanmar. The specimens listed by HEBAUER (2001) from Laos are females and hence their identity cannot be confirmed.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F387C57A23FFB0FF6C072130C0B1B6	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Fikáček, Martin;Liu, Hsing-Che	Fikáček, Martin, Liu, Hsing-Che (2019): A review of Thysanarthria with description of seven new species and comments on its relationship to Chaetarthria (Hydrophilidae: Chaetarthriini). Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 59 (1): 229-252, DOI: 10.2478/aemnp-2019-0020
03F387C57A20FFB1FC5A07C035C9B19F.text	03F387C57A20FFB1FC5A07C035C9B19F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Thysanarthria chui Fikáček & Liu 2019	<div><p>Thysanarthria chui sp. nov.</p><p>(Figs 8 A–E, 11)</p><p>Type material. HOLOTYPE: ♂ (NMNS), TAIWAN: Kaohsiung, Shanpin [= Shan Ping Forest Ecological Garden], at light, 22.-23.iv.2003, lgt. C. S. Lin. PARATYPES: 20 spec. (NMNS, TARI, NMPC, NHMW, BMNH): TAIWAN: Taichung City,Wufeng district,Zhongkeng Industry Road, 4.3 km SEE of Chaoyang Univ. of Technology, 24.054983N 120.755433E, 180 m, 25.iv.–14.v.2019, H.-C. Liu lgt., on sandy banks of of small slowly running lowland stream.</p><p>Additional material examined. TAIWAN: LANYU ISLAND: 1 ♀ (TARI): Lanyu, 27.vii.2015, lgt.Y.-T. Wang. The specimen corresponds with the holotype in all extrernal characters and we are hence assigning it to T.chui . However, since male genitalia are needed for reliable identification, I am not including this specimen among the types.</p><p>Description. Body length 1.3–1.6 mm (holotype 1.6 mm), maximum body width 0.9–1.0 mm (holotype 1.0 mm). Head and labrum black; pronotum brown in the middle, becoming weakly paler towards margins; elytra uniformly dark brown; legs brown. Head without microsculpture on interstices; punctation sparse, each puncture bearing pointed seta. Eyes separated by 3.8× the width of one eye in dorsal view. Pronotum with sparse setiferous punctation similar to that on head; interstices without microsculpture. Elytra with 10 striae sharply impressed except anteromedially (near scutellar shield) where neither striae nor serial punctures are visible; intervals weakly convex at midlength and near apex; interval punctation sparse, setiferous; interstices without microsculpture. Aedeagus (Figs 8 A–E) 0.5 mm long. Phallobase indistinctly wider at base of parameres, only very weakly constricted more basally, arcuate in lateral view. Parameres wide basally, gradually narrowing towards apex, outer face subrectangular in basal two thirds, apex projecting into narrow rounded lobe. Median lobe narrow apically, rounded and membranous at apex, reaching to the level of parameral apices, pair of subapical projections missing; gonopore transversely oval, situated in apical fourth.</p><p>Differential diagnosis. Thysanarthria chui externally differs from part of the remaining species in the total absence of dorsal microsculpture and rather dark (brown rather than yellowish) coloration. In the genital morphology it resembles T. championi, T. bifida, and T. trifida in the form of the parameres; T. bifida and T. trifida differ in the presence of a pair of subapically situated membranous lobes (absent in T. chui and T. championi). For differences from T. championi see under that species.</p><p>Etymology. The first author dedicates this new species to Isaac Chu as thanks for introducing him to Taiwan and its culture. The first known specimen of the new species was moreover collected in Mr. Chu’s home city of Kaohsiung.</p><p>Biology. Paratypes were collected on a sandy bank of a slowly running lowland stream; they were actively crawling on the wet sand out of the water during the day (Figs 11 F–G). The holotype was collected at light.</p><p>Distribution. The species is known from the lowland localities in western and southern Taiwan. The occurrence on Lanyu (= Orchid Island) needs to be confirmed by examination of a male specimen.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F387C57A20FFB1FC5A07C035C9B19F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Fikáček, Martin;Liu, Hsing-Che	Fikáček, Martin, Liu, Hsing-Che (2019): A review of Thysanarthria with description of seven new species and comments on its relationship to Chaetarthria (Hydrophilidae: Chaetarthriini). Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 59 (1): 229-252, DOI: 10.2478/aemnp-2019-0020
03F387C57A21FFB1FF5C079737B0B3DC.text	03F387C57A21FFB1FF5C079737B0B3DC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Thysanarthria hongsonensis Hebauer 2001	<div><p>Thysanarthria hongsonensis Hebauer, 2001</p><p>(Figs 1D, 8 F–J, 11)</p><p>Thysanarthria hongsonensis Hebauer, 2001: 398 .</p><p>Type material exmined. HOLOTYPE: ♂ (SMNS), THAILAND: MAE HONG SON: ʻThai, N. Mae Hong Son / prov. Soppong env., 600m / 19´27´´N 98´20´´E, 28.5.- / 2.6.1999, D. Hauck leg.’</p><p>Additional material examined. THAILAND: MAE HONG SON: 1 ♂, 2 spec. (NHMW, NMPC): Mae Ping, at light, 6.ix.1991, lgt. Malicky; 1 ♂, 1 spec. (NHMW): same locality and collector, 24.–25.vi. 1991.</p><p>Redescription. Body length 1.5 mm, maximum body width 0.9 mm. Head and labrum black; pronotum dark brown in the middle, becoming weakly paler towards margins; elytra uniformly yellowish; legs yellowish. Head without microsculpture on interstices; punctation sparse, each puncture bearing pointed seta. Eyes separated by 3.3× the width of one eye in dorsal view. Pronotum with sparse setiferous punctation similar to that on head; interstices without microsculpture. Elytra with 10 striae sharply impressed except anteromedially (near scutellar shield) where neither striae nor serial punctures are visible; intervals weakly convex at midlength and near apex; interval punctation sparse, setiferous; interstices without microsculpture.</p><p>Aedeagus (Figs 8 F–H) 0.5 mm long. Phallobase at the base of parameres slightly widened, but not wider than parameres combined; very slightly constricted more basally, strongly arcuate in lateral view. Parameres narrow and elongate, narrow basally, gradually narrowing into a rather acute apex, outer face of parameres sinuate. Median lobe nearly reaching apex of parameres, narrow, membranous and rounded apically, without paired subapical projections.</p><p>Differential diagnosis. The species is characterized by a tiny body size, absence of dorsal microsculpture and very characteristic aedeagus with narrow elongate parameres. In narrow parameres it may resemble T. madurensis but may be distinguished from it by sinuate lateral face of parameres (arcuate in T. madurensis), median lobe without paired subapical projections (with the projections in T. madurensis) and only indistinctly widened base of the phallobase (abruptly widened in T. madurensis).</p><p>Biology. Unknown, most examined specimens were collected at light.</p><p>Distribution. So far only known from two nearby localities in northern Thailand (Mae Hong Son Province) (HEBAUER 2001).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F387C57A21FFB1FF5C079737B0B3DC	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Fikáček, Martin;Liu, Hsing-Che	Fikáček, Martin, Liu, Hsing-Che (2019): A review of Thysanarthria with description of seven new species and comments on its relationship to Chaetarthria (Hydrophilidae: Chaetarthriini). Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 59 (1): 229-252, DOI: 10.2478/aemnp-2019-0020
03F387C57A21FFAFFC0D05D6350EB41C.text	03F387C57A21FFAFFC0D05D6350EB41C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Thysanarthria madurensis Hebauer 2001	<div><p>Thysanarthria madurensis Hebauer, 2001</p><p>(Figs 8 K–O, 11)</p><p>Thysanarthria madurensis Hebauer, 2001: 398 .</p><p>Type material examined. HOLOTYPE: ♂ (MZLU), SRI LANKA: ʻCeylon, E. Prov. / Madura Oya / 15 mls NNW Bibile / 13.III.62 Loc. 138 // near river // Lund University / Ceylon Expedition 1962 / Brinck-Andersson- / Cederholm // MZLU / Type no. / 3121:1 // Photo 2017 / by MZLU // MZLU / 2017 / 466’.</p><p>Additional material examined. INDIA: KERALA: 1 ♂ (NHMW): Shoranur, bank of Ponnani river, 31.i.1994, lgt. Z. Kejval. NEPAL: 1 ♂, 2 spec. (SMNS, NMPC): Narayani, Sauraha, Rapti River bank, light trap, 18.iv.2000, lgt. A. Weigel.</p><p>Redescription. Body length 1.3 mm, maximum body width 0.9 mm. Head and labrum black; pronotum uniformly yellowish; elytra uniformly yellowish; legs yellowish. Head with weak granulate microsculpture on interstices; punctation sparse, each puncture bearing pointed seta. Eyes separated by 4.0× the width of one eye in dorsal view. Pronotum with sparse setiferous punctation similar to that on head; interstices with weak granulate microsculpture. Elytra with 10 striae sharply impressed except anteromedially (near scutellar shield) where neither striae nor serial punctures are visible; intervals weakly convex at midlength and near apex; interval punctation sparse, setiferous; interstices without microsculpture. Aedeagus (Figs 8 K–O) 0.4 mm long. Phallobase moderately wide at base of parameres, c. as wide as paramares combined, gradually narrowing towards basal fifth, base abruptly widened, arcuate in lateral view. Parameres narrow and elongate, gradually narrowing towards a pointed apex, apices slightly divergent, outer face of parameres arcuate. Median lobe narrow, not reaching apex of parameres, with a pair of pointed lobes subapically, apex cut off between these projections; gonopore transversely oval, subapical.</p><p>Differential diagnosis. In the tiny body size, dorsal surface without microsculpture and narrowly elongate pointed parameres, T. madurensis only resembles T. hongsonensis . See under the latter species for diagnostic charactares.</p><p>Biology. Unknown, the Nepalese specimens were collected at light.</p><p>Distribution. The species is known from three very distant localities (Sri Lanka, southern India and Nepal). If the label data especially of the Nepalese specimens are correct, the species is likely widely distributed in the Indian peninsula, but overlooked.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F387C57A21FFAFFC0D05D6350EB41C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Fikáček, Martin;Liu, Hsing-Che	Fikáček, Martin, Liu, Hsing-Che (2019): A review of Thysanarthria with description of seven new species and comments on its relationship to Chaetarthria (Hydrophilidae: Chaetarthriini). Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 59 (1): 229-252, DOI: 10.2478/aemnp-2019-0020
03F387C57A3FFFAFFEA902163141B5FC.text	03F387C57A3FFFAFFEA902163141B5FC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Thysanarthria persica Fikáček & Liu 2019	<div><p>Thysanarthria persica sp. nov.</p><p>(Figs 1B, 10 A–E, 11)</p><p>Thysanarthria cf. sulcata (part): FIKÁČEK et al. (2010: 139; misidentification).</p><p>Type material. HOLOTYPE: ♂ (NMPC), IRAN: SISTAN AND BALUCHESTAN: Iran, Baluchistan, 16 km SE of Tange-Sarhe, 61 km, NNW of Nik-shahr, 10.iv.1973, Expedition National Museum Prague,locality 154. PARATYPES: 4 spec. (NMPC), same data as the holotype. FARS: 1 ♂ (NMPC): Iran, Fars,Ali-abad, 75 km NW of Djahrom,wadi of the river Shur, 10.vii.1970, Expedition National Museum Praha,locality 53. KERMAN: 1 ♂ (NHMW): Iran, Kerman, Manujan, 110 km E Bandarabaas, at light, 2.vi.1974, lgt. Pretzmann, Exp. Nat. Hist. Mus. Vindob. [= expedition of the Natural History Museum, Vienna].</p><p>Description. Body length 1.7–1.9 mm (holotype 1.7 mm), maximum body width 1.0– 1.1 mm (holotype 1.0 mm). Head and labrum black; pronotum dark brown in centre, becoming slightly paler towards margins; elytra uniformly dark brown; legs brown. Head without microsculpture on interstices; punctation sparse, each puncture bearing pointed seta. Eyes separated by 2.5× the width of one eye in dorsal view. Pronotum with sparse setiferous punctation similar to that on head; interstices without microsculpture. Elytra with 10 striae sharply impressed except in basal fourth where neither striae nor serial punctures are visible; intervals weakly convex at midlength and near apex; interval punctation sparse, setiferous; interstices without microsculpture. Aedeagus (Figs 10 A–E) 0.5 mm long. Phallobase slightly widened at base of parameres, c. as wide as parameres combined, slightly narrowing towards base, arcuately bent in lateral view. Parameres narrowly elongate, gradually narrowing towards apex, outer face arcuate or indistinctly sinuate. Median lobe narrow with widely rounded membranous apex nearly reaching level of parameral apices, paired subapical projections absent; gonopore transversely oval, situated in distal fourth of median lobe.</p><p>Differential diagnosis. Unlike most other Thysanarthria except T. wadicola sp. nov., T. persica has uniformly dark pronotum and elytra. Its genitalia are characteristic by rather elongate parameres with arcuate lateral face and widely rounded apex (in contrast to T. wadicola with prolonged acuminate apices of parameres). It also differs from T. wadicola in the median lobe nearly reaching the level of apices of parameres (in contrast to very short median lobe in T. wadicola), in parameres c. one third as long as phallobase when seen in lateral view (c. as long as phallobase in T. wadicola) and in moderately wide bases of parameres in lateral view (very wide base narrowing into a very narrow apex in lateral view in T. wadicola).</p><p>Etymology. The name refers to Persia, the historical name of Iran this new species is described from. Adjective.</p><p>Biology. Based on HOBERLANDT (1981), the type locality was a rocky bank of a mountain torrent without vegetation at c. 900 m of altitude on stony mountains slopes; the specimens were collected from small gravel strands on the bank of the brook. The paratype from Fars was collected in a wadi with a stream with muddy and sandy banks (HOBERLANDT 1974).</p><p>Distribution. So far only known from southern Iran.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F387C57A3FFFAFFEA902163141B5FC	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Fikáček, Martin;Liu, Hsing-Che	Fikáček, Martin, Liu, Hsing-Che (2019): A review of Thysanarthria with description of seven new species and comments on its relationship to Chaetarthria (Hydrophilidae: Chaetarthriini). Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 59 (1): 229-252, DOI: 10.2478/aemnp-2019-0020
03F387C57A3FFFACFC39020E3696B192.text	03F387C57A3FFFACFC39020E3696B192.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Thysanarthria saurahana Fikáček & Liu 2019	<div><p>Thysanarthria saurahana sp. nov.</p><p>(Figs 9 A–E, 11)</p><p>Type material. HOLOTYPE: ♂ (SMNS): NEPAL: ʻNepal, Narayani, Sauraha, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=27.56667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=84.49695" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 27.56667/lat 84.49695)">Rapti River bank</a>, light trap, 180, 84.49695, 27.56667, 2000- 04-18, A. Weigel, NEPAL, Prov. Narayani / Sauraha, Rapti River / Ufer, 180mNN, 27°34´80´´N, 84°29´49´´E / LF, 18.IV.2000 / leg. Weigel // Thysanarthria / madurensis / det. F. Hebauer’.</p><p>Description. Body length 1.7 mm, maximum body width 1.0 mm. Head and labrum black; uniformly yellowish; elytra uniformly yellowish; legs yellowish. Head with strong mesh-like microsculpture on interstices; punctation sparse, each puncture bearing pointed seta. Eyes separated by 2.7× the width of one eye in dorsal view. Pronotum with sparse setiferous punctation similar to that on head; interstices with strong mesh-like microsculpture. Elytra with 10 striae sharply impressed except anteromedially (widely around scutellar shield) where neither striae nor serial punctures are visible; intervals weakly convex at midlength and near apex; interval punctation sparse, setiferous; interstices without microsculpture. Aedeagus (Figs 9 A–E) 0.5 mm long. Phallobase slightly widened at base of parameres, c. as wide as parameres combined, slightly narrowed towards basal fifth and abruptly widened at base; arcuate in lateral view. Paramere narrowly elongate, subequal in width throughout, apex abruptly narrowing into a short mesoapical ʻtooth’. Median lobe much shorter than parameres, with strongly sclerotized shorter part arcuate apically, and membranous apical part rounded apically; gonopore large, triangular, situated subapically.</p><p>Differential diagnosis. Thysanarthria saurahana is the only species in Himalaya with strong mesh-like microsculpture on the pronotum (in contrast to pronotum without microsculpture in T. championi and T. siamensis, and with weak granulate microsculpture in T. madurensis). It can be distinguished from all these species as well as from all other Thysanarthria by the shape of parameres and the unique morphology of the median lobe which is not similar to any other species of the genus.</p><p>Etymology. The species name refers to the village of Sauraha at the border of the Chitwan National Park in Nepal where the holotype was collected. Adjective.</p><p>Biology. Unknown.</p><p>Distribution. Only known from the type locality.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F387C57A3FFFACFC39020E3696B192	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Fikáček, Martin;Liu, Hsing-Che	Fikáček, Martin, Liu, Hsing-Che (2019): A review of Thysanarthria with description of seven new species and comments on its relationship to Chaetarthria (Hydrophilidae: Chaetarthriini). Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 59 (1): 229-252, DOI: 10.2478/aemnp-2019-0020
03F387C57A3CFFADFF6307EC31ACB65C.text	03F387C57A3CFFADFF6307EC31ACB65C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Thysanarthria siamensis Hebauer 2001	<div><p>Thysanarthria siamensis Hebauer, 2001</p><p>(Figs 1C, 9 F–J, 11)</p><p>Thysanarthria siamensis Hebauer, 2001: 399 .</p><p>Type material examined. HOLOTYPE: ♂ (NHMW), THAILAND: MAE HONG SON: ʻN-THAILAND 1993 / Mae Hong Son env. / Ban Huai Po 24-30.VI. / leg. Schneider’.</p><p>Additional material examined. 1 ♂, 5 spec. (NHMW, NMPC): INDIA: UTTARKHAND: Gauri (str.), Pauri Garhwal, left tributary of River Alaknanda, ca. 2 km upstream from Thamdar, along road to Marud, ca. 8 km from Srinagar, 730 m, 11.xi.2006, lgt. M. A. Jäch; 1 ♂, 2 spec. (NHMW):River Suhma, Dehradun district, right tributary of river Ganga, ca. 5 km S Raiwala, ca. 10 km N Haridwar, 340 m, 9.ix.2006, lgt. M. A. Jäch. NEPAL: 1 ♂, 3 spec. (NHMW): Gorkha, 26.–31.v.1992, lgt. Ivo Jeniš. LAOS: VIENTIANE: 1 ♂, 2 spec. (NHMB): Laos, Vientiane, Vang-Vieng, 300, 102.4486, 18.92306, 10.v.2001 – 6.vii.2001, J. Kolibáč. THAILAND: MAE HONG SON: 1 ♂, 2 spec. (NHMW): Huai Sua Tao, 11–17.v.1992, lgt. Jan Strnad.</p><p>Redescription. Body length 1.7–2.0 mm (holotype 1.8 mm), maximum body width 1.0– 1.2 mm (holotype 1.0 mm). Head and labrum black; pronotum uniformly yellowish or brown centrally and gradually getting paler towards margins; elytra uniformly yellowish to pale brown, with slightly darkened striae; legs yellowish. Head without microsculpture on interstices; punctation sparse, each puncture bearing yellowish pointed seta. Eyes separated by 3.1× the width of one eye in dorsal view. Pronotum with sparse setiferous punctation similar to that on head; interstices without microsculpture. Elytra with 10 striae sharply impressed except anteromedially (near scutellar shield) where neither striae nor serial punctures are visible; intervals weakly convex at midlength and near apex; interval punctation sparse, setiferous; interstices without microsculpture. Aedeagus (Figs 9 F–J) 0.7 mm long. Phallobase widened in apical half, widest shortly below bases of parameres (slightly wider than parameres combined); weakly arcuate in lateral view. Parameres short, narrowly elongate, constricted at midlength, widened into rounded lobes apically; widely triangular in lateral view. Median lobe narrow, shorter than parameres, sharply pointed, without membranous apex of paired subapical lobes; gonopore circular, situated subapically.</p><p>Differential diagnosis. Thysanarthria siamensis is very characteristic by a relatively large aedeagus with lanceolate parameres and sharply pointed median lobe and is hence hard to be confused with any other species of the genus.</p><p>Biology. Specimens from India: Uttarkhand were collected at the sides of small to large stony rivers, microhabitat is unknown (M. A. Jäch, pers. comm.).</p><p>Distribution. The species is widespread, ranging from western Himalaya to central Thailand and northern Laos.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F387C57A3CFFADFF6307EC31ACB65C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Fikáček, Martin;Liu, Hsing-Che	Fikáček, Martin, Liu, Hsing-Che (2019): A review of Thysanarthria with description of seven new species and comments on its relationship to Chaetarthria (Hydrophilidae: Chaetarthriini). Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 59 (1): 229-252, DOI: 10.2478/aemnp-2019-0020
03F387C57A3DFFABFC3300A53552B25C.text	03F387C57A3DFFABFC3300A53552B25C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Thysanarthria wadicola Fikáček & Liu 2019	<div><p>Thysanarthria wadicola sp. nov.</p><p>(Figs 10 F–J, 11)</p><p>Thysanarthria sulcata (misidentification): HEBAUER (1997: 267; records from Oman, illustration of genitalia); HEBAUER (2001:399, taxonomic revision).</p><p>Thysanarthria cf. sulcata (part): FIKÁČEK et al. (2010: 139; misidentification).</p><p>Thysanarthria sp. (SLE127): SHORT &amp; FIKÁČEK (2013; molecular phylogeny).</p><p>Thysanarthria wadicola: RIBERA et al. (2019: 264; review of Oman aquatic beetles).</p><p>Type material. HOLOTYPE: ♂ (NMPC): OMAN: Wadi Andam, 20 km N Samad, 650 m, 17.–18.iv.1985, lgt. C. Holzschuh. PARATYPES: 2 ♂♂ (SMNS): same data as the holotype; 3 spec. (IBEB): Murri env., wadi Bani Ghafir, 759 m, stream with pools, 23º29′46.2″N 56º53′34.8″E, 7.iv.2010, Ribera &amp; Cieslak lgt.; 1 spec. (IBEB): Said Bin Sahran env., wadi Indam, Rd. 33, 463 m, residual pools, 22º45′15.2″N 58º00′56.9″E, 8.iv.2010, Ribera &amp; Cieslak lgt.</p><p>Additional material examined. UNITED ARAB EMIRATES: 1 ♀ (NMPC): Hatta, at light, 8.–26.iv.2006, lgt, A. van Harten. This female specimen was collected very close to the type locality of the species and externally corresponds well with the Oman specimen, we hence consider it conspecific. As no male is available from the locality, We are however not including it into the type series.</p><p>Redescription. Body length 1.6–1.7 mm (holotype 1.6 mm), maximum body width 0.9–1.0 mm (holotype 0.9 mm). Head and labrum black; pronotum uniformly dark brown; elytra uniformly dark brown; legs brown. Head without microsculpture on interstices; punctation sparse, each puncture bearing pointed seta. Eyes separated by 3.3× the width of one eye in dorsal view. Pronotum with sparse setiferous punctation similar to that on head; interstices without microsculpture. Elytra with 10 striae sharply impressed except anteromedially (around scutellar shield) where neither striae nor serial punctures are visible; intervals weakly convex at midlength and near apex; interval punctation sparse, setiferous; interstices without microsculpture. Aedeagus (Figs 10 F–J) 0.4 mm long. Phallobase slightly widened at bases of parameres, slightly narrower than parameres combined, weakly narrowing more basally in ventral/dorsal view, in lateral view phallobase c. as long as parameres, arcuate, and strongly constricted subbasally. Parameres wide basally, continually narrowing into prolonged pointed apex, outer face slightly sinuate, in lateral view very wide basally and very narrow apically. Median lobe very short, less than half the length of parameres, without distinct membranous part on the apex, without paired projections, gonopore circular, situated apically.</p><p>Differential diagnosis. Thysanarthria wadicola differs from most species of the genus except T. persica in uniformly dark brown pronotum and elytra. For differences from T. persica see under that species.</p><p>Etymology. The species name is a combination of wadi (an Arabic word for seasonally dried-up riverbed) and the suffix -cola derived from the word incola (Latin, = inhabitant). Noun in apposition.</p><p>Biology. Part of the specimens was collected at margins of small rocky pools at the side of a drying-up stream (see RIBERA et al. 2019: Figs 7–8).</p><p>Distribution. The species is so far known only from few closely situated localities on the northeastern tip of the Arabian Peninsula.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F387C57A3DFFABFC3300A53552B25C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Fikáček, Martin;Liu, Hsing-Che	Fikáček, Martin, Liu, Hsing-Che (2019): A review of Thysanarthria with description of seven new species and comments on its relationship to Chaetarthria (Hydrophilidae: Chaetarthriini). Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 59 (1): 229-252, DOI: 10.2478/aemnp-2019-0020
03F387C57A3BFFABFEAC045637D0B35C.text	03F387C57A3BFFABFEAC045637D0B35C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Thysanarthria trifida Fikáček & Liu 2019	<div><p>Thysanarthria trifida sp. nov.</p><p>(Figs 6 F–J, 11)</p><p>Type material. HOLOTYPE: ♂ (NHMB), LAOS: BOLI KHAM XAI: 8 km NE of Ban Nape, 600 m, 1.–18.v.2001, lgt. Pacholátko. PARATYPES: 25 spec. (NHMB, NHMW, NMPC):same data as the holotype; 1♂ (SMNS): Ban Nape, Kaew Nua, 18.iv.1998 – 1.v.1998, lgt. E. Jendek &amp; O. Šauša.</p><p>Description. Body length 1.9–2.0 mm (holotype 1.9 mm), maximum body width 1.0– 1.1 mm (holotype 1.0 mm). Head and labrum black; pronotum uniformly yellowish or slightly darkened centrally; elytra uniformly yellowish or with slightly darkened striae; legs yellowish. Head with weak granulate microsculpture on interstices; punctation sparse, each puncture bearing pointed seta. Eyes separated by 2.8× the width of one eye in dorsal view. Pronotum with sparse setiferous punctation similar to that on head; interstices without microsculpture. Elytra with 10 striae sharply impressed except anteromedially (near scutellar shield) where neither striae nor serial punctures are visible; intervals weakly convex at midlength and near apex; interval punctation sparse, setiferous; interstices without microsculpture. Aedeagus (Figs 6 F–J) 0.6 mm long. Phallobase weakly and gradually narrowing from base of parameres towards base, slightly widened basally, weakly arcuately bent in lateral view; c. 1.5× longer than parameres. Paremeres narrowly elongate, gradually narrowing towards apex, lateral face nearly continuously arcuate, apex bluntly rounded. Median lobe wide at level of gonopore, distinctly constricted basally of it, apex membranous, acutely pointed; subapical part with two triangular membranous lobes; apex reaching c. level of apex of parameres; gonopore transversely oval, situated below bases of paired projections.</p><p>Differential diagnosis. Thysanarthria trifida closely resembles T. bifida in external characters and genitalia morphology; see under the latter species for diagnostic characters. The other three species with paired subapical projections on the median lobe ( T. brincki, T. cardamona and T. madurensis) can be differentiated from T. trifida easily by a very different shape of parameres. Species which may resemble T. trifida in the shape of the parameres ( T. championi, T. hongsonensis, T. persica) all lack the paired projection on the median lobe.</p><p>Etymology. The species name refers to the apex of the median lobe bearing three lobes (the apex plus the pair of subapical projections). We purposely select the name sounding similar to that of T. bifida which is the most similar species to T. trifida . Adjective.</p><p>Biology. Unknown.</p><p>Distribution. So far only known from the Ban Nape area in central Laos.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F387C57A3BFFABFEAC045637D0B35C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Fikáček, Martin;Liu, Hsing-Che	Fikáček, Martin, Liu, Hsing-Che (2019): A review of Thysanarthria with description of seven new species and comments on its relationship to Chaetarthria (Hydrophilidae: Chaetarthriini). Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 59 (1): 229-252, DOI: 10.2478/aemnp-2019-0020
03F387C57A3BFFA8FB9805F03024BF1F.text	03F387C57A3BFFA8FB9805F03024BF1F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Chaetarthria Stephens 1835	<div><p>Chaetarthria sp.</p><p>(Figs 11, 12 A–K)</p><p>Material examined. SAUDI ARABIA: 1 ♂ 4 spec. (NMPC): Jizan, Wadi Atoud, 17.8°N 42.366°E, at light, 245 m, 8.ii.2016, lgt. J. Bezděk &amp; D. Král.</p><p>Diagnosis. Body 1.7–2.0 mm long; head and labrum black; pronotum and elytra uniformly yellowish; legs reddish to yellowish; dorsal surface without microsculpture; setae on dorsal surface peg-like (Figs 12 J–K); elytron without elytral striae except sharply impressed sutural stria; lateral portion of elytra with weakly developed lateral-most series of punctures not impressed into stria; posterior margin of abdominal ventrites 2–5 bearing stout acute setae; male protibiae arcuate on inner margin; sternite VIII with median basal projection; sternite IX with wide tongue-like median portion; aedeagus 0.7 mm long; phallobase tubular, c. 1.4× longer than parameres; paremeres wide basally, narrowing from c. midlength to the quadrate apex, only slightly wider basally than apically in lateral view, completely encompassing median lobe; median lobe very narrow, reaching c. the level of apical fouth of parameres, basally reaching deeply into phallobase; gonopore subapical.</p><p>Discussion. The morphology of the male genitalia and the surrounding sclerites correspond precisely to those of Group 3: American Chaetarthria defined above (compare Figs 12 A–C, F–I with Figs 2 N–S). External characters support this assignment: dorsal setae are simple and cut-off apically (compare Fig. 12 K with Fig. 2 d), elytra lack longitudinal striae except for sutural stria, and pronotum and elytra are yellowish in color. The specimens above seem to stand close to the Argentinian species C. argentina Miller, 1974 and C. hermani Miller, 1974 of the C. atra group defined by MILLER (1974). When compared with the genitalia drawings and descriptions provided by MILLER (1974) it seems that the specimens examined here represent an undescribed species. We are however leaving it undescribed, as it is likely introduced and a more detailed comparison with the American species would be necessary to diagnose the species properly.</p><p>The presence of the species which is clearly an element of Neotropical fauna in Saudi Arabia is very unexpected. The first author discussed the problem with both collectors (J. Bezděk and D. Král) and with the person who mounted the specimens for NMPC (P. Pacholátko), and all of them excluded any possibility of mislabeling or mixing the Saudi Arabian material with Neotropical samples at any stage of the processing. Another alternative would be an unintended introduction of this species with some imported cargo. That could be facilitated by the fact that the species comes to light and may have been attracted to the cargo by strong lights usual in the cargo depositories and harbors. The introduction scenario is however called into question by the fact that both C. argentina and C. hermani (i.e. the species most similar to the Arabian one) live in dry areas of western Argentina (provinces of Tucumán and La Rioja) which is far from any harbor. The locality in Saudi Arabia where the specimens were collected is also quite far from the coast (c. 30 km) as well as from the nearest trade harbor (c. 100 km north). Even the introduction would hence need to be confirmed by a repeated catch.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F387C57A3BFFA8FB9805F03024BF1F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Fikáček, Martin;Liu, Hsing-Che	Fikáček, Martin, Liu, Hsing-Che (2019): A review of Thysanarthria with description of seven new species and comments on its relationship to Chaetarthria (Hydrophilidae: Chaetarthriini). Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 59 (1): 229-252, DOI: 10.2478/aemnp-2019-0020
