taxonID	type	description	language	source
03F3D01A73320E15FF3B7D3BFE2BFBAA.taxon	description	Calappa gallus — Tirmizi & Kazmi 1988: 57, fig. 17 a – d. — Kumar et al. 2007: 285, not Calappa gallus (Herbst, 1803).	en	Kumar, Biju A., Kumar, M. Sushil, Galil, Bella S. (2013): Calappid and leucosiid crabs (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura) from Kerala, India, with the description of a new species of Mursia Desmarest, 1823, from the Arabian Sea and redescription of M. bicristimana Alcock & Anderson, 1894. Zootaxa 3746 (4): 529-551, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3746.4.2
03F3D01A73320E15FF3B7D3BFE2BFBAA.taxon	materials_examined	Kerala material examined. Neendakara, 08 ˚ 56 ' N 76 ˚ 32 ' E, 30 – 70 m, 5 June 2007, 4 ♀ (CW 42.0 – 47.0 mm); 13 Sep. 2007, 2 ♂ (CW 40 – 42.6 mm), 1 ♀ (CW 46.3 mm); 27 Nov. 2007, 3 ♀ (CW 30.9 – 53.6 mm) (DABFUK). — Ponnani, 10 ˚ 47 ’ N 75 ˚ 55 ’ E, 30 – 70 m, 29 Aug. 2007, 2 ♀ (CW 45.8, 46.3 mm) (DABFUK).	en	Kumar, Biju A., Kumar, M. Sushil, Galil, Bella S. (2013): Calappid and leucosiid crabs (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura) from Kerala, India, with the description of a new species of Mursia Desmarest, 1823, from the Arabian Sea and redescription of M. bicristimana Alcock & Anderson, 1894. Zootaxa 3746 (4): 529-551, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3746.4.2
03F3D01A73320E15FF3B7D3BFE2BFBAA.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Originally described from Sri Lanka, the species has since been recorded from Madagascar and Seychelles to Pakistan, Thailand, South China Sea, Japan, Philippines, Vanuatu, New Caledonia, and the Gulf of Mannar, Tamil Nadu, India (Galil 1997; Jayabaskaran et al. 2000; Ng 2002; Ng et al. 2002; Galil & Ng 2010). New record for Kerala.	en	Kumar, Biju A., Kumar, M. Sushil, Galil, Bella S. (2013): Calappid and leucosiid crabs (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura) from Kerala, India, with the description of a new species of Mursia Desmarest, 1823, from the Arabian Sea and redescription of M. bicristimana Alcock & Anderson, 1894. Zootaxa 3746 (4): 529-551, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3746.4.2
03F3D01A73320E15FF3B7B00FF9DF839.taxon	description	Calappa japonica — Sankarankutty & Subramanian 1976: 21. — Galil 1997: 301, figs 10 d, 13 d, 15. — Ng et al. 2008: 48 (list, part), not Calappa japonica Ortmann, 1892.	en	Kumar, Biju A., Kumar, M. Sushil, Galil, Bella S. (2013): Calappid and leucosiid crabs (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura) from Kerala, India, with the description of a new species of Mursia Desmarest, 1823, from the Arabian Sea and redescription of M. bicristimana Alcock & Anderson, 1894. Zootaxa 3746 (4): 529-551, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3746.4.2
03F3D01A73320E15FF3B7B00FF9DF839.taxon	materials_examined	Kerala material examined. Neendakara, 08 ˚ 56 ' N 76 ˚ 32 ' E, 70 – 100 m, 31 Aug. 2007, 1 ♀ (CW 78.8 mm); 31 Oct. 2007, 1 ♂ (CW 58.1 mm); 12 Jan. 2013, 1 ♂ (CW 123.8 mm) (DABFUK). — Ponnani, 10 ˚ 47 ' N 75 ˚ 55 ' E, 70 – 100 m, 29 Aug. 2007, 1 ♂ (CW 46.8 mm) (DABFUK). Additional material examined. India. Bay of Bengal, 13.1 ' 06 " N 80 36 ' 56 " E, 196 m, 1 ♂ (CW 84.1 mm) (ex. Indian Museum, Calcutta (NHM 1896.9.8.8), lectotype of Calappa exanthematosa Alcock & Anderson, 1894, designated by Lai & Ng (2006). Colour. The striking coloration resembles that of the Sri Lanka specimen (Ng et al. 2011, fig. 2 a, b) and fits the description given by Alcock & Anderson (1894 a: 178): dorsal surface of carapace purplish anteriorly “ covered with numerous large smooth isolated mammillary tubercles, which by their coloration (red base and shining yellow apex) exactly resemble ripe small-pox pustules. In the posterior half of the carapace the place of these well-defined " pustules " is taken by equally well-defined round or oval slightly-raised red patches, which exactly resemble the " papules " of the earlier stage of small-pox. ” The upper external surface of the palm similarly displays “ pustules ” and “ papules ” (Figs 3 a, b).	en	Kumar, Biju A., Kumar, M. Sushil, Galil, Bella S. (2013): Calappid and leucosiid crabs (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura) from Kerala, India, with the description of a new species of Mursia Desmarest, 1823, from the Arabian Sea and redescription of M. bicristimana Alcock & Anderson, 1894. Zootaxa 3746 (4): 529-551, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3746.4.2
03F3D01A73320E15FF3B7B00FF9DF839.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Originally described from the Bay of Bengal, India, this species has since been recorded from the Iranian coast of the Gulf of Oman, Pakistan and Mumbai, Maharashtra, India (Ng et al. 2011). New record for Kerala.	en	Kumar, Biju A., Kumar, M. Sushil, Galil, Bella S. (2013): Calappid and leucosiid crabs (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura) from Kerala, India, with the description of a new species of Mursia Desmarest, 1823, from the Arabian Sea and redescription of M. bicristimana Alcock & Anderson, 1894. Zootaxa 3746 (4): 529-551, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3746.4.2
03F3D01A73350E12FF3B7FC0FE2BFCCA.taxon	description	Calappa lophos — Alcock & Anderson 1894 b: 203. — Alcock 1896: 144. — Laurie 1906: 353. — Chophra 1933: 28. — Pillai 1951: 8. — Chhapgar 1957: 404, fig. h. — Aravindakshan & Sundaram 1983: 169. — Tirmizi & Kazmi 1988: 54, fig. 16 a – g. — Jayabaskaran et al. 2000: 6. — Kumar et al. 2007: 285.	en	Kumar, Biju A., Kumar, M. Sushil, Galil, Bella S. (2013): Calappid and leucosiid crabs (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura) from Kerala, India, with the description of a new species of Mursia Desmarest, 1823, from the Arabian Sea and redescription of M. bicristimana Alcock & Anderson, 1894. Zootaxa 3746 (4): 529-551, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3746.4.2
03F3D01A73350E12FF3B7FC0FE2BFCCA.taxon	materials_examined	Kerala material examined. Neendakara, 08 ˚ 56 ' N 76 ˚ 32 ' E, 12 Jan. 2013, 1 ♀ pre-adult (CW 27.8 mm) (DABFUK). Additional material examined. India. Madras, 2 ♂ (CW 78.3 mm, smaller spec. slightly broken, 31.3 mm), coll. J. R. Henderson (NHM 1892.7.15.334 - 6), det. J. C. Y. Lai 2005 as C. guerini. Pakistan. Maura, Karachi, 1 ♂ (CW 61.2 mm), coll. F. W Townsend, det. B. S. Galil as C. lophos, det. J. C. Y. Lai as C. guerini (NHM 1903.7.29.4). Colour. In the freshly collected young specimen (DABFUK) the dorsal surface of the carapace is pinkish, densely stippled anteriorly with maroon dots, some coalescing into squiggles; two pairs of prominent ocelli laterally; transverse maroon stripes between the posterolateral teeth; posterior carapace teeth pale yellow. The external surface of the cheliped bears reddish spots.	en	Kumar, Biju A., Kumar, M. Sushil, Galil, Bella S. (2013): Calappid and leucosiid crabs (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura) from Kerala, India, with the description of a new species of Mursia Desmarest, 1823, from the Arabian Sea and redescription of M. bicristimana Alcock & Anderson, 1894. Zootaxa 3746 (4): 529-551, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3746.4.2
03F3D01A73350E12FF3B7FC0FE2BFCCA.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Originally described from Yanam, Andhra Pradesh, India (Lai et al. 2006), it has been recorded (as C. lophos) from Chahbar (Iranian coast of the Gulf of Oman), Pakistan, and several locations along the Indian coast of the Bay of Bengal (Lai et al. 2006) and Mumbai, Maharashtra (Aravindakshan & Sundaram 1983). New record for Kerala.	en	Kumar, Biju A., Kumar, M. Sushil, Galil, Bella S. (2013): Calappid and leucosiid crabs (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura) from Kerala, India, with the description of a new species of Mursia Desmarest, 1823, from the Arabian Sea and redescription of M. bicristimana Alcock & Anderson, 1894. Zootaxa 3746 (4): 529-551, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3746.4.2
03F3D01A73350E1FFF3B7CAAFEEFFF7A.taxon	description	Mursia africana — Ng et al. 2002: 356, not Mursia africana Galil, 1993. Mursia xienchengi Lai & Galil 2006: 58, figs. 1 a – c, 2 a, b. Not Mursia bicristimana Spiridonov & Apel 2007: 2859, figs 5, 7 a (part) = Mursia arabica n. sp.	en	Kumar, Biju A., Kumar, M. Sushil, Galil, Bella S. (2013): Calappid and leucosiid crabs (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura) from Kerala, India, with the description of a new species of Mursia Desmarest, 1823, from the Arabian Sea and redescription of M. bicristimana Alcock & Anderson, 1894. Zootaxa 3746 (4): 529-551, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3746.4.2
03F3D01A73350E1FFF3B7CAAFEEFFF7A.taxon	materials_examined	Kerala material examined. Neendakara, 08 ˚ 56 ' N 76 ˚ 32 ' E, 70 – 100 m, 5 June 2007, 1 ♂ (CW 91.5 mm); 31 Aug. 2007, 2 ♀ (CW 73.0, 62.2 mm); 13 Sep. 2007, 2 ♂ (CW 89.5, 75.5 mm) 1 ♀ (CW 49.8 mm); 11 Oct. 2007, 1 ♂ (CW 78.6 mm); 27 Nov. 2007, 1 ♂ (CW 81.7 mm) (DABFUK). Munambam, 10 ˚ 11 ' N 76 ˚ 10 ' E, 70 – 100 m, 27 Aug. 2007, 1 ♂ (CW 80.0 mm) (DABFUK). Azhikkal, 11 ˚ 56 ' N 75 ˚ 17 ' E, 70 – 100 m, 21 Sep. 2007, 1 ♂ (CW 74.5 mm); 25 Oct. 2007, 1 ♀ (CW 49.8 mm) (DABFUK). Additional material. Andaman Sea. International Indian Ocean Expedition, RV Anton Bruun, cruise 1, stn 22 B, 10 ˚ 39 ’ N, 97 ˚ 06 ’ E, 94 m, 24 Mar. 1963, 2 ♂ (CW 58.6, 23.7 mm), 1 ♀ (CW 34.9 mm) (USNM 309672). Redescription Carapace transversely subovate, convex, regions poorly marked, 1.4 as wide as long (excluding lateral spines) in male, 1.3 in female. Dorsal surface covered with closely-spaced granules increasing in size laterally (Fig. 4 a). Granular protuberances, diminishing in size posteriorly, disposed in 7 radial rows on dorsal surface of carapace. Mesogastric region highest part of carapace. Gastric, cardiac, intestinal regions separated from branchial regions by shallow, sinuous longitudinal grooves. Anterolateral margin arcuate, crenulate, with 11 granular denticles, denticles wider, lower, posteriorly. Lateral spine slim, acuminate, directed horizontally, about 0.15 carapace width, minutely granular on upper surface. Posterolateral margins closely beaded, cristate, nearly straight, sharply convergent. Posterior margin beaded, lateral teeth triangular, dorsoventrally flattened, median lobe obsolescent. Front as wide as orbit, setose. Frontal margin projecting beyond orbits, trilobate, median lobe on lower plane than lateral lobes, triangular, tip up-curved; lateral lobes rounded, separated from supraorbital margin by shallow concavity. Antennules obliquely folded. Supraorbital margin with single fissure, closely granular, with long plumose setae. Inner orbital tooth ogive, separated from outer orbital margin by U-shaped cleft, from front by orbital hiatus. Antennae small, slender, basal segment article subrectangular, lodged in orbital hiatus. Eyes retractable, eyestalk short, granular, setose. Buccal frame rhomboidal, narrowing anteriorly. Third maxilliped exopod thickly fringed with plumose setae. Ischium of third maxilliped endopod bears granular ridge parallel with distal margin which forms stridulating organ when rasped against milled ridge on dactylus of chela. Subhepatic region tomentose. Sternum granular. Male abdomen with prominent trilobate carina on second somite, rounded lateral lobes separated from wider, subrectangular median lobe; somites 3 – 5 fused; sixth abdominal somite subquadrate, lateral margins sinuous, distally with rounded concavities fitting conic ‘ buttons’ raised on the margins of abdominal cavity; telson equilateral triangular, shorter than sixth somite. Female abdomen with somites 3 – 6 articulate; sixth abdominal somite trapezoid, lateral margins sinuous, distally with rounded concavities fitting conic ‘ buttons’ raised on the margins of abdominal cavity; telson ogival, longer than sixth somite. Chelipeds massive, subequal (Fig. 4 b, c). Merus bispinose dorsodistally, distal spine longer, stouter than subdistal spine. Antero-distal margin of carpus ending in triangular denticle. Upper margin of manus crested, setose, with 7 denticles, 3 proximal teeth successively larger, distal teeth laciniate. External surface of manus prominently granular, 3 granular elliptoid tubercles horizontally mid-chela, keel-like, indistinctly trilobate sinuous ridge above lower margin, proximal lobe ram-like, margin closely granular. Lower margin granular, serrate, serrations successively smaller proximally. Internal surface of manus with tomentose band near lower margin. Upper margin of dactylus crested, setose, proximally prominently granular; inner surface of dactylus with stridulating ridge consisting of about 30 striae, elongate and closely stacked proximally, rounded and spaced in distal third. Right chela with curved rounded tooth proximally fitting into depression in molariform tooth in pollex. Pereiopods 2 – 5 long, slender, laterally compressed; upper and lower margins of meri 2 – 5 densely granular; carpi 2,3 with three granular carinae, middle carina more prominently granular, distally spinose, carpus 4 with two granular carina, distally spinose, carpus 5 with obsolete carinae, lacking terminal spine; propodi 2 – 4 with cristate, granular upper margin, crested upper margin of fifth propodus smooth, slanted posteriorly; dactyli longer than propodi, styliform, fluted, tips corneous. First male gonopod tapering evenly, curved, distally spinous (Fig. 6 a – d). Second male gonopod long, slender; corneous distal portion gentle crook-shaped, tip twisted inwards, up-curved (Fig. 7 a, b). Female abdominal cavity densely set with minute setae, distally (area covered by telson) with patches of longer setae. Genital opening covered with rounded conic cap bordered by shiny protuberance laterally, triangular knob mesially.	en	Kumar, Biju A., Kumar, M. Sushil, Galil, Bella S. (2013): Calappid and leucosiid crabs (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura) from Kerala, India, with the description of a new species of Mursia Desmarest, 1823, from the Arabian Sea and redescription of M. bicristimana Alcock & Anderson, 1894. Zootaxa 3746 (4): 529-551, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3746.4.2
03F3D01A73350E1FFF3B7CAAFEEFFF7A.taxon	description	Colour. In preserved specimens carapace pale salmon, with traces of orange-red reticulations, outer surface of manus salmon, granular tubercles bone coloured, horizontal ridge, lower margin, pollex and dactyl white. Inner surface of merus bright red; red spot distally on upper inner surface of manus, near dactylar articulation and a diffuse reddish spot proximally on dactyl.	en	Kumar, Biju A., Kumar, M. Sushil, Galil, Bella S. (2013): Calappid and leucosiid crabs (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura) from Kerala, India, with the description of a new species of Mursia Desmarest, 1823, from the Arabian Sea and redescription of M. bicristimana Alcock & Anderson, 1894. Zootaxa 3746 (4): 529-551, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3746.4.2
03F3D01A73350E1FFF3B7CAAFEEFFF7A.taxon	discussion	Remarks. The genus suffered from taxonomic confusion due to the relative rarity and superficial resemblances of its species. Twenty-eight species are known, of which thirteen have been described in the past two decades. Mursia bicristimana was described and illustrated from a single pre-adult female (CL 21 mm) from the Gulf of Manaar (Alcock & Anderson 1894 a: 179; 1896, pl. 24, fig. 5) (Fig. 5). A larger male specimen (CL 47 mm) subsequently collected off Colombo, Sri Lanka, was listed by Alcock (1896: 150; 1899: 23, pl. 3, figs 3, 3 a, b) and Alcock & Anderson (1896, pl. 24, fig. 5). These specimens, deposited in the collections of the Zoological Survey of India, Calcutta, were unavailable for examination. Therefore Galil (1993: 356, figs. 1 f, 3 j – k, 5 c – d) based her description and illustrations of M. bicristimana (1993: 356, figs. 1 f, 3 j – k, 5 c – d) on a pre-adult male specimen (CL 19.1 mm, NHM 1898.8.26.3) labeled “ Syntype? Alcock det., 11 ˚ 14 ’ 30 " N 74 ˚ 57 ’ 15 " E, 68 – 140 fathoms, coll. Indian Museum ”. Spiridonov & Apel (2007: 2861) pointed out that the presumed syntype specimen was most probably “ collected at a different locality and four years after the description of M. bicristimana was published ” and consequently could not have been a syntype. Spiridonov & Apel (2007) assigned the specimen from Lakshadweep (= Laccadive Is) to a new species, M. minuta Spiridonov & Apel, 2007, and noted that the lateral spines “ in adult specimens from the Andaman Sea and the Nicobars reach about 0.15 – 0.18 times CW, while the Gulf of Aden specimens have somewhat shorter spines reaching only about 0.10 times CW in adult specimens ”, but opted not to take “ further taxonomic and nomenclatural actions ” pending comparison with the type material of Alcock (Spiridonov & Apel 2007: 2866). Owing to the erroneous labeling of the NHM material and resulting misidentification, a large male specimen (CL 42.2 mm) collected in the Andaman Sea (ZRC 1999.0086) was misidentified, first as M. africana (Ng et al. 2002), and then as a new species (Lai & Galil 2006). Although the types of M. bicristimana could not be examined, careful scrutiny of the descriptions and illustrations (Alcock & Anderson 1894 a: 179; 1896, pl. 24, fig. 5; Alcock 1896: 150; 1899: 23, pl. 3, figs. 3, 3 a, b, fig. 5) allows assigning the Kerala material, as well as to the specimens collected in the Andaman Sea (USNM 309672), to M. bicristimana. The general form and carapace proportions, and the characteristic palmar crest, (“ sharp crest, the edge of which is unevenly trilobed, the proximal lobe being short acute and spiniform, the middle lobe being broad and obtuse, and the distal lobe being narrow and obtuse ”; Alcock & Anderson 1894 a: 179) are similar, as is the straight postero-lateral margin (“ the postero-lateral margins are without the angular bend inward ”; Alcock, 1896: 150). The specimens collected in the Gulf of Aden, having noticeably shorter lateral spines, undulating postero-lateral margin, and differing in the shape of palmar crest, dactylar stridulating ridge and female genital opening cap, are here referred to as a new species of Mursia.	en	Kumar, Biju A., Kumar, M. Sushil, Galil, Bella S. (2013): Calappid and leucosiid crabs (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura) from Kerala, India, with the description of a new species of Mursia Desmarest, 1823, from the Arabian Sea and redescription of M. bicristimana Alcock & Anderson, 1894. Zootaxa 3746 (4): 529-551, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3746.4.2
03F3D01A73350E1FFF3B7CAAFEEFFF7A.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Known from the Gulf of Manaar (Alcock & Anderson 1894 a), Sri Lanka and the Andaman Sea. New record for Kerala.	en	Kumar, Biju A., Kumar, M. Sushil, Galil, Bella S. (2013): Calappid and leucosiid crabs (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura) from Kerala, India, with the description of a new species of Mursia Desmarest, 1823, from the Arabian Sea and redescription of M. bicristimana Alcock & Anderson, 1894. Zootaxa 3746 (4): 529-551, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3746.4.2
03F3D01A733A0E19FF3B7FC0FDEFFE27.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Holotype. Gulf of Aden, “ John Murray ” Expedition; stn 35, 13 ° 14 ' 24 " N 46 ° 14 ' 12 " E, 16 Nov. 1933, 441 m, 1 ♂ (CW 59.3 mm) (NHM 2013.289). — Paratypes. stn 194, 13 ° 16 ' 00 " N 46 ° 20 ' 24 " E, 7 May 1934, 220 m, 6 ♂ (CW 34.7 – 80.3 mm), 2 ♀ one damaged (CW 54.3, 56.4 mm), 1 pre-adult (CW 33.6 mm) (NHM 2013.290 - 298). — RV Meteor cruise 5, stn 267, 13 ° 27.59 ’ N, 47 ° 20.59 ’ E – 13 ° 27.99 ’ N, 47 ° 21.89 ’ E, 13 Mar. 1987, 359 – 362 m, 3 ♂ (CW 26.6 – 65.6 mm), 6 ♀ (CW 34.2 – 56.2 mm) (SMF 29499), 104 pre-adults (SMF 29500). — Arabian Sea. RV Vitiaz Cruise 17, stn 2825, 10 ° 10.59 ’ – 10 ° 18.99 ’ N, 56 ° 08.89 ’ – 56 ° 06.79 ’ E, depth 395 – 420 m, 1 ♂ (CW 66.3 mm), 6 ♀ (CW 46.3 – 51.1 mm) (ZMMU Ma 5353).	en	Kumar, Biju A., Kumar, M. Sushil, Galil, Bella S. (2013): Calappid and leucosiid crabs (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura) from Kerala, India, with the description of a new species of Mursia Desmarest, 1823, from the Arabian Sea and redescription of M. bicristimana Alcock & Anderson, 1894. Zootaxa 3746 (4): 529-551, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3746.4.2
03F3D01A733A0E19FF3B7FC0FDEFFE27.taxon	description	Description. Carapace transversely subovate, convex, regions poorly marked, 1.3 wide as long (excluding lateral spines). Dorsal surface covered with uniformly-sized closely-spaced rounded granules. Conic, granular protuberances, diminishing in size posteriorly, disposed in 7 radial rows on dorsal surface of carapace. Mesogastric region highest part of carapace. Gastric, cardiac, intestinal regions separated from branchial regions by shallow, sinuous longitudinal grooves. Anterolateral margin arcuate, crenulate, with 11 – 12 granular triangular denticles. Lateral spine slim, acuminate, slightly curved forward, upward, about one tenth carapace width, minutely granular on upper surface. Posterolateral margins closely beaded, undulate, sharply convergent. Posterior margin beaded, lateral teeth broadly triangular, dorsoventrally flattened, median lobe obsolescent. Front as wide as orbit, setose. Frontal margin projecting beyond orbits, trilobate, median lobe on lower plane than lateral lobes, triangular, tip upcurved; lateral lobes rounded, separated from supraorbital margin by shallow concavity. Antennules obliquely folded. Supraorbital margin with single fissured, closely beaded, with long plumose setae. Inner orbital tooth ogival, separated from outer orbital margin by U-shaped cleft, by orbital hiatus from front. Antennae small, slender, basal segment article subrectangular, lodged in orbital hiatus. Eyes retractable, eyestalk short, granular, setose. Buccal frame rhomboidal, narrowing anteriorly. Third maxilliped exopod thickly fringed with plumose setae; ischium endopod bears granular row distally that forms stridulating organ when rasped against milled ridge on dactylus of chela. Subhepatic region tomentose. Sternum granular. Male abdomen with prominent trilobate carina on second somite, rounded lateral lobes separated from lower, wider median lobe by deep grooves; somites 3 – 5 fused; sixth somite subquadrate, lateral margins sinuous; telson triangular, slightly shorter than sixth somite. Female abdomen with somites 3 – 6 articulated; sixth abdominal somite trapezoidal, lateral margins sinuous, distally with rounded concavities fitting conic ‘ buttons’ raised on margins of abdominal cavity; telson ogival, as long as sixth somite. Chelipeds massive, subequal. Merus dorsodistally bispinose, distal spine longer, stouter than subdistal spine. Antero-distal margin of carpus ending in triangular denticle. Upper margin of manus crested, setose, with 7 denticles, 3 proximal teeth successively larger, distal teeth laciniate. External surface of manus with rounded granules, 3 granular conic tubercles horizontally in mid chela; keel-like, indistinctly trilobate ridge above lower margin, proximal lobe triangular, margin minutely granular. Lower margin granular, serrate, serrations successively smaller proximally. Internal surface of manus with tomentose band near lower margin. Upper margin of dactylus crested, setose, proximally prominently granular; inner surface of dactylus with stridulating ridge consisting of about 30 striae, elongated, closely stacked proximally, rounded, spaced in distal half. Right chela with curved rounded tooth proximally fitting into depression in molariform tooth in pollex. Pereiopods 2 – 5 long, slender, laterally compressed; upper, lower margins of meri 2 – 5 minutely granular; carpi 2, 3 with 3 granular carinae, middle carina more prominently granular, distally spinose, carpus 4 with 2 granulate carina, distally spinose, carpus 5 with obsolete carinae, lacking terminal spine; propodi 2 – 4 with cristate, granular upper margin, crested upper margin of fifth P 5 propodus smooth, slanted posteriorly; dactyli longer than propodi, styliform, fluted, tips corneous. First male gonopod tapering evenly, curved, distally spinous (Fig. 9 a – d). Second male gonopod long, slender; corneous distal portion tightly crook-shaped, tip twisted inwards, up-curved (Fig. 7 c, d). Female abdominal cavity densely set with minute setae, distally (covered by telson) with patches of longer setae. Vulva covered with subhemispherical hard cap laterally bordered by smooth protuberance, triangular knob mesially.	en	Kumar, Biju A., Kumar, M. Sushil, Galil, Bella S. (2013): Calappid and leucosiid crabs (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura) from Kerala, India, with the description of a new species of Mursia Desmarest, 1823, from the Arabian Sea and redescription of M. bicristimana Alcock & Anderson, 1894. Zootaxa 3746 (4): 529-551, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3746.4.2
03F3D01A733A0E19FF3B7FC0FDEFFE27.taxon	etymology	Etymology. From the Latin, arabica for the locality of the type specimens, the Arabian Sea.	en	Kumar, Biju A., Kumar, M. Sushil, Galil, Bella S. (2013): Calappid and leucosiid crabs (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura) from Kerala, India, with the description of a new species of Mursia Desmarest, 1823, from the Arabian Sea and redescription of M. bicristimana Alcock & Anderson, 1894. Zootaxa 3746 (4): 529-551, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3746.4.2
03F3D01A733A0E19FF3B7FC0FDEFFE27.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Mursia arabica n. sp. shares with M. bicristimana and M. buwaya Galil & Takeda, 2004, a prominent, keel-like ridge on the outer surface of the palm and the shape of the second male gonopod. The new species differs from M. bicristimana in its shorter lateral carapace spines and the shape of the trilobate carina on second male abdominal somite. Mursia arabica n. sp. differs from M. buwaya additionally in the sculpture on the external surface of the palm. The photograph of a male specimen by Spiridonov & Apel (2007: 2864, figs. 5, 7 a; SMF 22942) from the Gulf of Aden, assigned to M. bicristimana, compares well with the new species. The material from the western Gulf of Aden of Lloyd (1907) identified as M. bicristimana, may be conspecific with the new species. Loyd’s material, probably deposited in the Zoological Survey of India, Kolkata, could not be examined.	en	Kumar, Biju A., Kumar, M. Sushil, Galil, Bella S. (2013): Calappid and leucosiid crabs (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura) from Kerala, India, with the description of a new species of Mursia Desmarest, 1823, from the Arabian Sea and redescription of M. bicristimana Alcock & Anderson, 1894. Zootaxa 3746 (4): 529-551, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3746.4.2
03F3D01A733A0E19FF3B7FC0FDEFFE27.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Gulf of Aden, Arabian Sea.	en	Kumar, Biju A., Kumar, M. Sushil, Galil, Bella S. (2013): Calappid and leucosiid crabs (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura) from Kerala, India, with the description of a new species of Mursia Desmarest, 1823, from the Arabian Sea and redescription of M. bicristimana Alcock & Anderson, 1894. Zootaxa 3746 (4): 529-551, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3746.4.2
03F3D01A733E0E19FF3B7DFBFA40FBF1.taxon	description	Arcania brevifrons Chen, 1989: 204, figs 31 f, 32 e – f, pl. 5, fig. 6.	en	Kumar, Biju A., Kumar, M. Sushil, Galil, Bella S. (2013): Calappid and leucosiid crabs (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura) from Kerala, India, with the description of a new species of Mursia Desmarest, 1823, from the Arabian Sea and redescription of M. bicristimana Alcock & Anderson, 1894. Zootaxa 3746 (4): 529-551, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3746.4.2
03F3D01A733E0E19FF3B7DFBFA40FBF1.taxon	materials_examined	Kerala material examined. Neendakara, 08 ˚ 56 ' N 76 ˚ 32 ' E, 30 – 70 m, 5 June 2007, 1 ♀ (CW 28.0 mm); 13 Sep. 2007, 1 ♂ (CW 25.0 mm); 11 Oct 2007, 1 ♂ (CW 21.0 mm), 1 ♀ (CW 27.0 mm). — Ponnani, 10 ˚ 47 ' N 75 ˚ 55 ' E, 30 – 70 m, 29 Aug. 2007, 1 ♀ (CW 27.0 mm) (DABFUK). — Azhikkal, 11 ˚ 56 ' N 75 ˚ 17 ' E, 30 – 70 m, 8 Feb. 2007, 1 ♀ (CW 24.4 mm) (DABFUK).	en	Kumar, Biju A., Kumar, M. Sushil, Galil, Bella S. (2013): Calappid and leucosiid crabs (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura) from Kerala, India, with the description of a new species of Mursia Desmarest, 1823, from the Arabian Sea and redescription of M. bicristimana Alcock & Anderson, 1894. Zootaxa 3746 (4): 529-551, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3746.4.2
03F3D01A733E0E19FF3B7DFBFA40FBF1.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Originally described from the Philippines (Chen 1989), it has been recorded in the Mozambique Channel, Madagascar, Seychelles, Red Sea, Pakistan, Indonesia, Fiji (Galil 2001 a). New record for India.	en	Kumar, Biju A., Kumar, M. Sushil, Galil, Bella S. (2013): Calappid and leucosiid crabs (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura) from Kerala, India, with the description of a new species of Mursia Desmarest, 1823, from the Arabian Sea and redescription of M. bicristimana Alcock & Anderson, 1894. Zootaxa 3746 (4): 529-551, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3746.4.2
03F3D01A733E0E19FF3B7BE6FD72F919.taxon	materials_examined	Kerala material examined. Neendakara, 08 ˚ 56 ' N 76 ˚ 32 ' E, 12 Jan. 2013, 10 ♂ (CW 18.7 – 46.9 mm), 6 ♀ (CW 33 – 45.0 mm) (DABFUK). Colour. Carapace in the freshly collected specimen is salmon-pink, more intense medially, tips of lateral spines and papillate posterior spines white (Fig. 11).	en	Kumar, Biju A., Kumar, M. Sushil, Galil, Bella S. (2013): Calappid and leucosiid crabs (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura) from Kerala, India, with the description of a new species of Mursia Desmarest, 1823, from the Arabian Sea and redescription of M. bicristimana Alcock & Anderson, 1894. Zootaxa 3746 (4): 529-551, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3746.4.2
03F3D01A733E0E19FF3B7BE6FD72F919.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Originally described from the Persian Gulf (MacGilchrist 1905), A. cornuta is a widely distributed species with records from Mozambique Channel, Madagascar, Seychelles, Japan, China, Taiwan, Philippines, Vietnam, Papua New Guinea, Vanuatu, New Caledonia, Solomon Is., Fiji (Galil 2001 a 2007; Galil & Ng 2010). Indian records comprise material collected off Vishakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh (Bay of Bengal) and off Kerala (Devi et al. 1988 a, b).	en	Kumar, Biju A., Kumar, M. Sushil, Galil, Bella S. (2013): Calappid and leucosiid crabs (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura) from Kerala, India, with the description of a new species of Mursia Desmarest, 1823, from the Arabian Sea and redescription of M. bicristimana Alcock & Anderson, 1894. Zootaxa 3746 (4): 529-551, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3746.4.2
03F3D01A733E0E18FF3B7819FFACF846.taxon	description	Myra fuga [sic] Kumar et al. 2007: 285.	en	Kumar, Biju A., Kumar, M. Sushil, Galil, Bella S. (2013): Calappid and leucosiid crabs (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura) from Kerala, India, with the description of a new species of Mursia Desmarest, 1823, from the Arabian Sea and redescription of M. bicristimana Alcock & Anderson, 1894. Zootaxa 3746 (4): 529-551, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3746.4.2
03F3D01A733E0E18FF3B7819FFACF846.taxon	materials_examined	Kerala material examined. Neendakara, 08 ˚ 56 ' N 76 ˚ 32 ' E, 30 – 70 m, 5 June 2007, 3 ♂ (CW 16.4 – 17.7 mm); 13 Sep. 2007, 1 ♂ (CW 20.5 mm), 1 ♀ (CW 20.1 mm); 11 Oct. 2007, 2 ♂ (CW 16.5, 14.9 mm); 27 Nov. 2007, 1 ♀ (CW 14.9 mm) (DABFUK). — Azhikkal, 11 ˚ 56 ' N 75 ˚ 17 ' E, 30 – 70 m, 25 Oct. 2007, 2 ♂ (CW 19.5, 20.5 mm) (DABFUK).	en	Kumar, Biju A., Kumar, M. Sushil, Galil, Bella S. (2013): Calappid and leucosiid crabs (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura) from Kerala, India, with the description of a new species of Mursia Desmarest, 1823, from the Arabian Sea and redescription of M. bicristimana Alcock & Anderson, 1894. Zootaxa 3746 (4): 529-551, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3746.4.2
03F3D01A733E0E18FF3B7819FFACF846.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Recorded from the Persian Gulf, Pakistan, Thailand, Singapore (Galil 2001 b). New record for India.	en	Kumar, Biju A., Kumar, M. Sushil, Galil, Bella S. (2013): Calappid and leucosiid crabs (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura) from Kerala, India, with the description of a new species of Mursia Desmarest, 1823, from the Arabian Sea and redescription of M. bicristimana Alcock & Anderson, 1894. Zootaxa 3746 (4): 529-551, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3746.4.2
03F3D01A73200E07FF3B7B2CFD4DF9A6.taxon	description	Coleusia biannulata — Galil 2006: 91, figs 1 a, 3 a, 4 a.	en	Kumar, Biju A., Kumar, M. Sushil, Galil, Bella S. (2013): Calappid and leucosiid crabs (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura) from Kerala, India, with the description of a new species of Mursia Desmarest, 1823, from the Arabian Sea and redescription of M. bicristimana Alcock & Anderson, 1894. Zootaxa 3746 (4): 529-551, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3746.4.2
03F3D01A73200E07FF3B7B2CFD4DF9A6.taxon	materials_examined	Kerala material examined. Neendakara, 08 ˚ 56 ' N 76 ˚ 32 ' E, 30 – 70 m, 5 June 2007, 3 ♂ (CW 19.3 – 20.3 mm); 27 Nov. 2007, 1 ♂ (CW 19.5 mm), 1 ♀ (CW 19.0 mm) (DABFUK). — Azhikkal, 11 ˚ 56 ’ N 75 ˚ 17 ’ E, 30 – 70 m, 31 Aug. 2007, 1 ♀ (CW 20.3 mm). (DABFUK).	en	Kumar, Biju A., Kumar, M. Sushil, Galil, Bella S. (2013): Calappid and leucosiid crabs (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura) from Kerala, India, with the description of a new species of Mursia Desmarest, 1823, from the Arabian Sea and redescription of M. bicristimana Alcock & Anderson, 1894. Zootaxa 3746 (4): 529-551, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3746.4.2
03F3D01A73200E07FF3B7B2CFD4DF9A6.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Recorded from Red Sea, Persian Gulf, Pakistan, and Palk Strait, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India, (Galil, 2006). New record for Kerala.	en	Kumar, Biju A., Kumar, M. Sushil, Galil, Bella S. (2013): Calappid and leucosiid crabs (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura) from Kerala, India, with the description of a new species of Mursia Desmarest, 1823, from the Arabian Sea and redescription of M. bicristimana Alcock & Anderson, 1894. Zootaxa 3746 (4): 529-551, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3746.4.2
03F3D01A73200E07FF3B79C0FA55F85C.taxon	materials_examined	Kerala material examined. Neendakara, 08 ˚ 56 ' N 76 ˚ 32 ' E, 30 – 70 m, 5 June 2007, 1 ♂ (CW 27.2 mm) (DABFUK).	en	Kumar, Biju A., Kumar, M. Sushil, Galil, Bella S. (2013): Calappid and leucosiid crabs (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura) from Kerala, India, with the description of a new species of Mursia Desmarest, 1823, from the Arabian Sea and redescription of M. bicristimana Alcock & Anderson, 1894. Zootaxa 3746 (4): 529-551, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3746.4.2
03F3D01A73200E07FF3B79C0FA55F85C.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Euclosiana crosnieri can be distinguished from the first of its two Indian congeners, E. rotundifrons (Chopra 1934), by its smooth third thoracic sternite, longer apical process of first male gonopod and large reddish mark dotted with three yellow spots on the gastric region, and from E. nitida (Galil, 2003), by possessing a rounded rather than a unidentate frontal margin and by the foliate apical process of the first male gonopod, which is bent at a right angle to the shaft, rather than being digitate (Galil 2003; Fig. 3 b, d).	en	Kumar, Biju A., Kumar, M. Sushil, Galil, Bella S. (2013): Calappid and leucosiid crabs (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura) from Kerala, India, with the description of a new species of Mursia Desmarest, 1823, from the Arabian Sea and redescription of M. bicristimana Alcock & Anderson, 1894. Zootaxa 3746 (4): 529-551, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3746.4.2
03F3D01A73200E07FF3B79C0FA55F85C.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Philippines, Indonesia and Queensland, Australia (Galil 2003). New record for India.	en	Kumar, Biju A., Kumar, M. Sushil, Galil, Bella S. (2013): Calappid and leucosiid crabs (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura) from Kerala, India, with the description of a new species of Mursia Desmarest, 1823, from the Arabian Sea and redescription of M. bicristimana Alcock & Anderson, 1894. Zootaxa 3746 (4): 529-551, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3746.4.2
03F3D01A73210E06FF3B7FC0FA05FE6A.taxon	materials_examined	Kerala material examined. Neendakara, 08 ˚ 56 ' N 76 ˚ 32 ' E, 30 – 70 m, 0 5 June 2007, 10 – 26 m, 1 ♀ (CW 22.3 mm); 31 Aug. 2007, 1 ♀ (CW 15 mm); 27 Mar. 2007, 1 ♀ (CW 17 mm) (DABFUK). — Azhikkal, 11 ˚ 56 ' N 75 ˚ 17 ' E, 10 – 30 m, 0 7 June 2007, 1 ♀ (CW 23 mm) (DABFUK).	en	Kumar, Biju A., Kumar, M. Sushil, Galil, Bella S. (2013): Calappid and leucosiid crabs (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura) from Kerala, India, with the description of a new species of Mursia Desmarest, 1823, from the Arabian Sea and redescription of M. bicristimana Alcock & Anderson, 1894. Zootaxa 3746 (4): 529-551, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3746.4.2
03F3D01A73210E06FF3B7FC0FA05FE6A.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Gulf of Oman, Sri Lanka, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India (Galil 2003). New record for Kerala.	en	Kumar, Biju A., Kumar, M. Sushil, Galil, Bella S. (2013): Calappid and leucosiid crabs (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura) from Kerala, India, with the description of a new species of Mursia Desmarest, 1823, from the Arabian Sea and redescription of M. bicristimana Alcock & Anderson, 1894. Zootaxa 3746 (4): 529-551, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3746.4.2
03F3D01A73230E04FF3B7F8AFFC6F9CC.taxon	description	Urashima lamellidentata — Galil 2003: 417, fig. 2 e.	en	Kumar, Biju A., Kumar, M. Sushil, Galil, Bella S. (2013): Calappid and leucosiid crabs (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura) from Kerala, India, with the description of a new species of Mursia Desmarest, 1823, from the Arabian Sea and redescription of M. bicristimana Alcock & Anderson, 1894. Zootaxa 3746 (4): 529-551, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3746.4.2
03F3D01A73230E04FF3B7F8AFFC6F9CC.taxon	materials_examined	Kerala material examined. Neendakara, 08 ˚ 56 ' N 76 ˚ 32 ' E, 31 Aug. 2007, 1 ♂ (CW 38.1 mm) (DABFUK). Additional material examined. Holotype, RIMS Investigator, stn 115, Andaman Is. 11 ˚ 31 ' 40 " N 92 ˚ 46 ' 6 " E, 9 Dec 1890, 188 – 200 fms (328 – 360 m), pre-adult (CW 13 mm) (NHM 1896.9.8.7 ex. Indian Museum). Redescription (adult male). Carapace rounded, globose. Dorsal surface of carapace granular, tuberculate, tubercles more pronounced posteriorly (Fig. 12 b). Hepatic, branchial regions demarcated by pitted grooves. Intestinal region swollen, demarcated by grooves, surfaced with rounded granules, medially with granular ridge, posteriorly with up-curved tubercle. Posterior margin of carapace narrow, bilobate. Anterolateral margin of carapace with 3 lamelliform crests separated by rounded granules; posterolateral margin set with rounded granules. Posterior margin with lateral lobes dorsoventrally flattened. Ventral surface of carapace, thoracic sterna, abdominal terga, external maxillipeds granular. Front narrow, bilobed; rounded frontal lobes closely, minutely granular. Eyes relatively small, retractable. Outer orbital margin with 3 sutures, V-shaped gap proximally on ventral margin. Antennules obliquely folded, operculiform basal antennular segment sealing posterior half of antennular aperture. Antennae proportionally small, slender, distal antennal segment inserted in orbital hiatus. Postorbital region concave. Anterior margin of efferent branchial channel produced, bilobed, separated from lower orbital margin by narrow groove. Pterysostomian region with large rounded tubercles. Third maxilliped unevenly granular; exopod shorter than endopod, not sealing efferent branchial channel; endopod merus subtriangular, shorter than subrectangular ischium, with rounded granules medially. Chelipeds subequal, stout, with conic granules. Cheliped merus subcylindrical; upper, lower margins of palm prominently crested; fingers laterally compressed, as long as upper margin of palm, inner margins denticular. Pereopods slender, short, with prominent conical granules; all but fifth dactyl as long as propodi; setose, tips corneous. Fourth thoracic sternite laterally swollen. Abdominal sulcus deep, nearly reaching buccal cavity, anterior margin raised. Abdominal somites 3 – 6 fused, basio-lateral regions inflated, fused somite narrowing distally, with long spur-like spike at distal margin; lateral margin carinate, carina fitting into groove at suture between sternites 4, 5. Telson slender, nearly half as long as fused somite, not reaching tip of abdominal sulcus. First gonopod elongated, stout, sinuous, distally flattened, oar-like, with a densely setose lobe (Fig. 13 a ‾ d); second gonopod short, recurved, distally scoop-like (Fig. 7 e).	en	Kumar, Biju A., Kumar, M. Sushil, Galil, Bella S. (2013): Calappid and leucosiid crabs (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura) from Kerala, India, with the description of a new species of Mursia Desmarest, 1823, from the Arabian Sea and redescription of M. bicristimana Alcock & Anderson, 1894. Zootaxa 3746 (4): 529-551, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3746.4.2
03F3D01A73230E04FF3B7F8AFFC6F9CC.taxon	discussion	Remarks. The adult male retrieved from trawl by-catch at Neendakara fishing port is the largest specimen collected. Comparison with the pre-adult holotype (NHM 1896.9.8.7 ex. Indian Museum) reveals some differences. The tuberculation on the dorsal surface of carapace, chelipeds, pereiopods and the abdominal spine are more prominent in the adult specimen, whereas in the pre-adult the intestinal tubercle is proportionally larger (Fig. 12 a). Urashima lamellidentata is rarely collected, a handful of mostly pre-adults have been collected in over 120 years.	en	Kumar, Biju A., Kumar, M. Sushil, Galil, Bella S. (2013): Calappid and leucosiid crabs (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura) from Kerala, India, with the description of a new species of Mursia Desmarest, 1823, from the Arabian Sea and redescription of M. bicristimana Alcock & Anderson, 1894. Zootaxa 3746 (4): 529-551, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3746.4.2
03F3D01A73230E04FF3B7F8AFFC6F9CC.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Travancore coast, India (Wood-Mason 1892; Kemp & Sewell 1912). Bay of Bengal, Andaman Is.	en	Kumar, Biju A., Kumar, M. Sushil, Galil, Bella S. (2013): Calappid and leucosiid crabs (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura) from Kerala, India, with the description of a new species of Mursia Desmarest, 1823, from the Arabian Sea and redescription of M. bicristimana Alcock & Anderson, 1894. Zootaxa 3746 (4): 529-551, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3746.4.2
