taxonID	type	format	identifier	references	title	description	created	creator	contributor	publisher	audience	source	license	rightsHolder	datasetID
03F35F238F44C006E135FED78BC9D855.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/3744291/files/figure.png	http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3744291	Fig. 2. Phylogenetic relationships of tyrannosauroid theropodsι assessed by a cladistic analysis (18). single most parsimonious treeι showing the relationships of 19 tyrannosaursι scaled to the geologic time scale (in millions of years agoι Ma). Taxa in blue are those that have been described during the past year. silhouettes indicate relative body size (based on femur length as a proxy). Thick red bars indicate major ghost lineages. Thick black bars represent the finest age resolution for each taxonι not actual duration.	Fig. 2. Phylogenetic relationships of tyrannosauroid theropodsι assessed by a cladistic analysis (18). single most parsimonious treeι showing the relationships of 19 tyrannosaursι scaled to the geologic time scale (in millions of years agoι Ma). Taxa in blue are those that have been described during the past year. silhouettes indicate relative body size (based on femur length as a proxy). Thick red bars indicate major ghost lineages. Thick black bars represent the finest age resolution for each taxonι not actual duration.	2010-12-31	Stephen L. Brusatte;Mark A. Norell;Thomas D. Carr;Gregory M. Erickson;John R. Hutchinson;Amy M. Balanoff;Gabe S. Bever;Jonah N. Choiniere;Peter J. Makovicky;Xing Xu		Zenodo	biologists	Stephen L. Brusatte;Mark A. Norell;Thomas D. Carr;Gregory M. Erickson;John R. Hutchinson;Amy M. Balanoff;Gabe S. Bever;Jonah N. Choiniere;Peter J. Makovicky;Xing Xu			
03F35F238F44C006E135FED78BC9D855.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/3744293/files/figure.png	http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3744293	Fig. 3. Tyrannosaur soft tissuesι feedingι and locomotion. (A) CT imagery of internal pneumatic sinuses of the braincase of Alioramus altai (19). (B) Endocast of brainι cranial nervesι and semicircularcanals of A.altai (19). (C) Finite element analysis of a skull of T. rex (11ι 47)ι showing high stresses (red colors) in the nasal and cheek regions (courtesy of E. Rayfield).(D) Lacrimal of A. altai (reversed)ι showing pneumatic spaces that housed air sacs (credit:M. Ellison). (E) Feathery integument along the tail of Dilong paradoxus. (F) Three-dimensional biomechanical model based on muscle reconstruction of the right hindlimb of T. rex (16)ι used to assess running mechanics.	Fig. 3. Tyrannosaur soft tissuesι feedingι and locomotion. (A) CT imagery of internal pneumatic sinuses of the braincase of Alioramus altai (19). (B) Endocast of brainι cranial nervesι and semicircularcanals of A.altai (19). (C) Finite element analysis of a skull of T. rex (11ι 47)ι showing high stresses (red colors) in the nasal and cheek regions (courtesy of E. Rayfield).(D) Lacrimal of A. altai (reversed)ι showing pneumatic spaces that housed air sacs (credit:M. Ellison). (E) Feathery integument along the tail of Dilong paradoxus. (F) Three-dimensional biomechanical model based on muscle reconstruction of the right hindlimb of T. rex (16)ι used to assess running mechanics.	2010-12-31	Stephen L. Brusatte;Mark A. Norell;Thomas D. Carr;Gregory M. Erickson;John R. Hutchinson;Amy M. Balanoff;Gabe S. Bever;Jonah N. Choiniere;Peter J. Makovicky;Xing Xu		Zenodo	biologists	Stephen L. Brusatte;Mark A. Norell;Thomas D. Carr;Gregory M. Erickson;John R. Hutchinson;Amy M. Balanoff;Gabe S. Bever;Jonah N. Choiniere;Peter J. Makovicky;Xing Xu			
03F35F238F44C006E135FED78BC9D855.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/3744295/files/figure.png	http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3744295	Fig. 4. Tyrannosaur growth and ecology. (A) Histological section of a T. rex dorsal ribι showing growth lines whose counts are used to reveal age andlongevity.(B) Growth curves for North American tyrannosaurids derived from growth line counts and body size estimations for individuals showing how size changes with age. No sampled tyrannosaurid adults were more than 30 years oldι and accelerated rather than prolonged development was the key to the great size of T. rex (8). (C) survivorship curve for Albertosaurus sarcophagus. This tyrannosaur exhibited high neonate mortalityι then few deaths after age twoι and then increased mortality at mid-life (8).	Fig. 4. Tyrannosaur growth and ecology. (A) Histological section of a T. rex dorsal ribι showing growth lines whose counts are used to reveal age andlongevity.(B) Growth curves for North American tyrannosaurids derived from growth line counts and body size estimations for individuals showing how size changes with age. No sampled tyrannosaurid adults were more than 30 years oldι and accelerated rather than prolonged development was the key to the great size of T. rex (8). (C) survivorship curve for Albertosaurus sarcophagus. This tyrannosaur exhibited high neonate mortalityι then few deaths after age twoι and then increased mortality at mid-life (8).	2010-12-31	Stephen L. Brusatte;Mark A. Norell;Thomas D. Carr;Gregory M. Erickson;John R. Hutchinson;Amy M. Balanoff;Gabe S. Bever;Jonah N. Choiniere;Peter J. Makovicky;Xing Xu		Zenodo	biologists	Stephen L. Brusatte;Mark A. Norell;Thomas D. Carr;Gregory M. Erickson;John R. Hutchinson;Amy M. Balanoff;Gabe S. Bever;Jonah N. Choiniere;Peter J. Makovicky;Xing Xu			
03F35F238F44C006E135FED78BC9D855.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/3744289/files/figure.png	http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3744289	Fig. 1. The anatomy of tyrannosaurs, showing the variety of skeletal and cranial morphology in the group. (A) A skeletal reconstruction of Alioramus, a gracile and long-snouted tyrannosauridι which exhibits many features of the generalizedtyrannosaurid body plan (large skull, small arms, long hindlimbsι long tail).(B to D) skulls of the basal tyrannosauroids Guanlong (B), Dilong (C), and Bistahieversor (D). (E and F) skulls of juvenile(E) and adult (F) Tyrannosaurus scaled tothe same length,illustrating the transitionfrom a longer to a deeperskull during ontogeny.All scale barsequal 10cm. Credits:F. Ippolito, American Museum of Natural History (AMNH) (A); I. Blockι National Geographic stock (B); M. Ellison, AMNH (C); D. Baccadutre, New Mexico Museum of Natural History and science (D); s. Williams, Burpee Museum of Natural History (E); AMNH Photo Archives (2752, Tyrannosaurus skull as mounted in the old hall) (F).	Fig. 1. The anatomy of tyrannosaurs, showing the variety of skeletal and cranial morphology in the group. (A) A skeletal reconstruction of Alioramus, a gracile and long-snouted tyrannosauridι which exhibits many features of the generalizedtyrannosaurid body plan (large skull, small arms, long hindlimbsι long tail).(B to D) skulls of the basal tyrannosauroids Guanlong (B), Dilong (C), and Bistahieversor (D). (E and F) skulls of juvenile(E) and adult (F) Tyrannosaurus scaled tothe same length,illustrating the transitionfrom a longer to a deeperskull during ontogeny.All scale barsequal 10cm. Credits:F. Ippolito, American Museum of Natural History (AMNH) (A); I. Blockι National Geographic stock (B); M. Ellison, AMNH (C); D. Baccadutre, New Mexico Museum of Natural History and science (D); s. Williams, Burpee Museum of Natural History (E); AMNH Photo Archives (2752, Tyrannosaurus skull as mounted in the old hall) (F).	2010-12-31	Stephen L. Brusatte;Mark A. Norell;Thomas D. Carr;Gregory M. Erickson;John R. Hutchinson;Amy M. Balanoff;Gabe S. Bever;Jonah N. Choiniere;Peter J. Makovicky;Xing Xu		Zenodo	biologists	Stephen L. Brusatte;Mark A. Norell;Thomas D. Carr;Gregory M. Erickson;John R. Hutchinson;Amy M. Balanoff;Gabe S. Bever;Jonah N. Choiniere;Peter J. Makovicky;Xing Xu			
