identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
03F36E01FFDBFFF51D6FD240FE3DFE45.text	03F36E01FFDBFFF51D6FD240FE3DFE45.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Acestridium Haseman 1911	<div><p>Genus Acestridium Haseman, 1911</p><p>Acestridium Haseman, 1911: 319 .</p><p>Type-species: Acestridium discus Haseman, 1911 . Type by monotypy. Gender neuter.</p><p>Included species. Acestridium colombiensis Retzer, 2005; Acestridium dichromum Retzer, Nico, Provenzano, 1999; Acestridium discus Haseman, 1911; Acestridium gymnogaster Reis, Lehmann, 2009; Acestridium martini Retzer, Nico, Provenzano, 1999; Acestridium scutatum Reis, Lehmann, 2009; Acestridium triplax Rodriguez, Reis, 2007 .</p><p>Diagnosis. Acestridium is diagnosed as monophyletic based on ten exclusive synapomorphies: large exposure of mesethmoid on dorsal surface of snout (char. 5.2); anterolateral margin of anterohyal concave (char. 32.1); lack of articulation of neural spine of sixth vertebral centrum to parieto-supraoccipital (char. 39.1); dorsal fin attached to neural spine of vertebral centrum 11-13 (char. 45.2); anterior margin of cleithrum convex, with hollow in mesial lamina (char. 58.1); lateropterygium absent (char. 61.1); ventral margin of infraorbital 4 expanded anteroventrally, its deepest point surpassing anterior margin of bone (char. 72.2); mid-ventral series of lateral plates absent (char. 83.3); and spatulate projections of snout are present (char. 90.1). In addition, there are 14 non-exclusive synapomorphies: ventral condyle of mesethmoid oval (char. 3.3); nasal capsule completely encapsulated (char. 7.0); posterolateral portion of lateral ethmoid narrower or as wide as anterior margin (char. 10.0); dorsal wall of swimbladder formed by compound pterotic and supraoccipital (char. 13.1); condyle of hyomandibula articulates to neurocranium only by prootic (char. 15.3); crest for insertion of levator arcus palatini muscle robust (char. 18.0); one lateral foramen in hyomandibula (char. 20.1); metapterygoyde-hyomandibula suture large (char. 21.0); interhyal absent (char. 33.1); second and third radials of pectoral fin joined along longest axis (char. 54.1); two postrostral plates (char. 66.2); odontodes on dorsal surface of pectoral-fin spine randomly distributed (char. 95.0); iris operculum present (char. 100.0); and lack of skin flap on dorsal surface of first pelvic-fin ray in males (char. 103.1).</p><p>Comparisons. The species of Acestridium are further distinguished from other hypoptopomatins by a highly distinctive slender and elongated body, usually with green color in life. Acestridium is further distinguished by a snout that is produced into an anterior spatulate projection that bears hypertrofied odontodes (vs. snout not elongated) and by lacking the mid-ventral series of lateral plates (vs. midventral series present). They also have very delicate and poorly developed fins and the odontodes of the trunk are small and aligned forming conspicuous rows (vs. normally developed fins and odontodes not clearly aligned). It differs from all other genera, except for some species of Otocinclus, by possessing an iris operculum (vs. iris operculum absent). Acestridium is additionally distinguished from Hypoptopoma, Nannoptopoma, Otocinclus, Leptotocinclus, and Nannoxyropsis by the caudal peduncle, which is strongly depressed, elongated, and narrow (vs. caudal peduncle oval in cross-section). Acestridium is further distinguished from Niobichthys, its sister genus, by having a spatulate snout projection (vs. spatulate snout projection absent), by ten or 12 branched rays in the caudal-fin (vs. 14 branched rays); by the lateral-line canal that shifts to the ventral series of lateral plates after truncation of the median plate series (vs. shifting to the dorsal series); and by odontodes on the dorsal surface of the pectoral-fin spine that are randomly arranged (vs. arranged in two or three rows).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F36E01FFDBFFF51D6FD240FE3DFE45	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Delapieve, Maria Laura S.;A., Pablo Lehmann;Reis, Roberto E.	Delapieve, Maria Laura S., A., Pablo Lehmann, Reis, Roberto E. (2017): An appraisal of the phylogenetic relationships of Hypoptopomatini cascudinhos with description of two new genera and three new species (Siluriformes: Loricariidae). Neotropical Ichthyology 15 (4), No. e 170079: 1-38, DOI: 10.1590/1982-0224-20170079, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1982-0224-20170079
03F36E01FFDBFFF41C92D43EFD48F8EB.text	03F36E01FFDBFFF41C92D43EFD48F8EB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Hypoptopomatini Eigenmann, Eigenmann 1890	<div><p>Tribe Hypoptopomatini Eigenmann, Eigenmann, 1890</p><p>Hypoptopomatini Eigenmann, Eigenmann, 1890: 8, 12, 353, 388.</p><p>Type genus: Hypoptopoma Günther, 1868 .</p><p>Included genera. Acestridium Haseman, 1911; Hypoptopoma Günther, 1868; Nannoptopoma Schaefer, 1996; Niobichthys Schaefer, Provenzano, 1998; Otocinclus Cope, 1871; Oxyropsis Eigenmann, Eigenmann, 1889; Leptotocinclus n. gen.; and Nannoxyropsis n. gen.</p><p>Diagnosis. Hypoptopomatini is diagnosed as a monophyletic group based on ten exclusive synapomorphies: posterolateral portion of ventral surface of lateral ethmoid with ventral strut (char. 9.1); posterolateral portion of lateral ethmoid wider than anterior margin (char. 10.1); condyle of hyomandibula articulated to neurocranium at compound pterotic only (char. 15.1); crest for insertion of levator arcus palatini muscle reduced or absent (char. 18.1); ventral margin of preopercle not flat and not exposed (char. 24.1); posterior extension of preopercle reduced (char. 25.1); posterior ramus of preopercle oriented horizontally (char. 27.1); preopercle latero-sensory canal absent (char. 28.1); ventral surface of pectoral girdle completely exposed (char. 55.2); and arrector fossa of pectoral girdle completely closed (char. 56.2). In addition, there are four non-exclusive synapomorphies: dorsal canal of metapterygoid present and shallow (char. 17.2); metapterigoyd-hyomandibula suture reduced (char. 21.1); interhyal present (char. 33.0); and infraorbital 4 shallow, its depth equal to depth of infraorbital canal (char. 72.0).</p><p>Comparisons. The species of Hypoptopomatini are small in size, usually 30–60 mm SL, but some Hypoptopoma species can reach 100 mm SL, and are distinguished from most other loricariids (except the remaining Hypoptopomatinae) by the ventral surface of the pectoral girdle, which is partially or completely exposed ventrally and bears odontodes (vs. the ventral surface of the pectoral girdle being covered by skin or plates). The Hypoptopomatini are further distinguished from the other hypoptopomatines by the preopercle, which is completely enclosed by the lateral plates of the cheek in a way such that the 4 th and the 5 th infraorbitals make ventral contact with the canal plate and the opercle (vs. the posterior ramus of the preopercle exposed on the lateral surface of the head and located between those same elements).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F36E01FFDBFFF41C92D43EFD48F8EB	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Delapieve, Maria Laura S.;A., Pablo Lehmann;Reis, Roberto E.	Delapieve, Maria Laura S., A., Pablo Lehmann, Reis, Roberto E. (2017): An appraisal of the phylogenetic relationships of Hypoptopomatini cascudinhos with description of two new genera and three new species (Siluriformes: Loricariidae). Neotropical Ichthyology 15 (4), No. e 170079: 1-38, DOI: 10.1590/1982-0224-20170079, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1982-0224-20170079
03F36E01FFDAFFF51C9CD4BEFC44FE05.text	03F36E01FFDAFFF51C9CD4BEFC44FE05.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Hypoptopoma Gunther 1868	<div><p>Genus Hypoptopoma Günther, 1868</p><p>Hypoptopoma Günther, 1868: 477 .</p><p>Type-species: Hypoptopoma thoracatum Günther, 1868 . Type by monotypy. Gender neuter.</p><p>Aristommata Holmberg, 1893: 96 . Type-species: Aristommata inexspectata Holmberg, 1893 . Type by monotypy. Gender feminine.</p><p>Diapeltoplites Fowler, 1915: 237 . Type-species: Hypoptopoma gulare Cope, 1878 . Type by original designation. Gender masculine.</p><p>Included species. Hypoptopoma baileyi Aquino, Schaefer, 2010; Hypoptopoma bianale Aquino, Schaefer, 2010; Hypoptopoma brevirostratum Aquino, Schaefer, 2010; Hypoptopoma elongatum Aquino, Schaefer, 2010; Hypoptopoma guianense Boeseman, 1974; Hypoptopoma gulare Cope, 1878; Hypoptopoma incognitum Aquino, Schaefer, 2010; Hypoptopoma inexspectatum (Holmberg, 1893); Hypoptopoma machadoi Aquino, Schaefer, 2010; Hypoptopoma muzuspi Aquino, Schaefer, 2010; Hypoptopoma psilogaster Fowler, 1915; Hypoptopoma steindachneri Boulenger, 1895; and Hypoptopoma thoracatum Günther, 1868 .</p><p>Diagnosis. Hypoptopoma is diagnosed as monophyletic based on a single non-exclusive synapomorphy: odontodes enlarged on posterior margin of trunk plates (char. 96.1). This character is uniquely shared with Nannoptopoma sternoptychum .</p><p>Comparisons. The species of Hypoptopoma are further distinguished from other hypoptopomatins by having a pointed, triangular snout (vs. snout rounded) and a very robust trunk, such that some of its species hold the largest body size within the Hypoptopomatinae, with standard length surpassing 100 mm (vs. smaller size). The dorsal profile of the head and body is straight from the snout tip to the dorsalfin origin (vs. dorsal profile convex). The greatest body width is at the eye, due to its large size and ventrolateral position (vs. greatest body width at cleithrum). The dermal plates of Hypoptopoma are very thick and strongly articulated to each other (vs. dermal plates normally developed and more loosely articulated). Unlike other hypoptopomatins, in most species of Hypoptopoma, the adipose fin may be present and there are enlarged and flattened odontodes positioned along the posterior margin of the trunk plates. Hypoptopoma is also differentiated from other hypoptopomatines, except Nannoptopoma, by having the trunk straight from the posteriormost dorsal and anal fin rays to the caudal fin (vs. trunk slightly concave). Contrary to all other genera, except Oxyropsis, Hypoptopoma have a ventrolateral displacement of the eyes, which are also visible in ventral view. Additionally, Hypoptopoma can be distinguished from Nannoptopoma, Otocinclus, Leptotocinclus, and from most species of Acestridium by the possession of serrations along the inner margin of the pectoral-fin spine (vs. serrations absent).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F36E01FFDAFFF51C9CD4BEFC44FE05	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Delapieve, Maria Laura S.;A., Pablo Lehmann;Reis, Roberto E.	Delapieve, Maria Laura S., A., Pablo Lehmann, Reis, Roberto E. (2017): An appraisal of the phylogenetic relationships of Hypoptopomatini cascudinhos with description of two new genera and three new species (Siluriformes: Loricariidae). Neotropical Ichthyology 15 (4), No. e 170079: 1-38, DOI: 10.1590/1982-0224-20170079, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1982-0224-20170079
03F36E01FFDAFFF51FF1D77EFA43F92A.text	03F36E01FFDAFFF51FF1D77EFA43F92A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Nannoptopoma Schaefer 1996	<div><p>Genus Nannoptopoma Schaefer, 1996</p><p>Nannoptopoma Schaefer, 1996: 915 .</p><p>Type-species: Otocinclus spectabilis Eigenmann, 1914 . Type by original designation. Gender neuter.</p><p>Included species. Nannoptopoma spectabile (Eigenmann, 1914) and Nannoptopoma sternoptychum Schaefer, 1996 .</p><p>Diagnosis. Nannoptopoma is diagnosed as monophyletic based on two exclusive synapomorphies: distance between posterior process of coracoid and lateropterygium short, their tips touching or almost touching each other (char. 62.1); and two or three plates on single series of median abdominal plates (char. 89.1). In addition, there are three non-exclusive synapomorphies: anterior margin of mesethmoid rounded (char. 4.3); two median plates ventrally associated with second mid-ventral plate (char. 84.1); and one plate in lateral abdominal series (char. 88.1).</p><p>Comparisons. The species of Nannopoptopoma are further distinguished from other hypoptopomatins by a welldeveloped pectoral fin and by anterior displacement of the pelvic fin, such that the posterior tip of the pectoral-fin spine reaches to or surpasses the posterior tip of the first unbranched pelvic-fin ray (vs. pectoral spines never reaching the tip of the unbranched pelvic-fin). Nannoptopoma can be further distinguished from all other genera by possessing only one lateral abdominal plate and two or three plates in a single series of median abdominal plates (vs. different plate configurations). Nannoptopoma is also distinguished from Hypoptopoma by having the greatest width of body at the cleithrum (vs. at the eyes); the caudal peduncle is rounded in cross section (vs. vertically oval); the pectoral-fin spine has no serrations in its inner margin (vs. serrae present); the adipose fin is always absent (vs. usually present); and the dorsal profile of the head and body is slightly convex from the snout tip to the dorsal-fin origin (vs. profile straight).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F36E01FFDAFFF51FF1D77EFA43F92A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Delapieve, Maria Laura S.;A., Pablo Lehmann;Reis, Roberto E.	Delapieve, Maria Laura S., A., Pablo Lehmann, Reis, Roberto E. (2017): An appraisal of the phylogenetic relationships of Hypoptopomatini cascudinhos with description of two new genera and three new species (Siluriformes: Loricariidae). Neotropical Ichthyology 15 (4), No. e 170079: 1-38, DOI: 10.1590/1982-0224-20170079, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1982-0224-20170079
03F36E01FFDAFFF61F0FD261FD00FB44.text	03F36E01FFDAFFF61F0FD261FD00FB44.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Niobichthys Schaefer, Provenzano 1998	<div><p>Genus Niobichthys Schaefer, Provenzano, 1998</p><p>Niobichthys Schaefer, Provenzano, 1998: 222 .</p><p>Type-species: Niobichthys ferrarisi Schaefer, Provenzano, 1998 . Type by original designation. Gender masculine.</p><p>Included species. Niobichthys ferrarisi Schaefer, Provenzano, 1998 .</p><p>Diagnosis. Niobichthys is diagnosed based on four nonexclusive autapomorphies: serrations on inner margin of pectoral-fin spine present and oblique (char. 51.1); anterior portion of basipterygium open, bearing pair of fenestrae (char. 60.0); snout tip covered by naked area (char. 63.1); and path of preopercle-mandibular branch of laterosenory canal passes from pterotic to fifth infraorbital (char. 74.1).</p><p>Comparisons. The only species of Niobichthys is distinguished from other hypoptopomatins by the absence of a rostral plate, leaving a naked area in the snout tip (vs. rostral plate present), and by possession of conical, unicuspid accessory teeth in both the premaxilla and dentary (vs. accessory teeth absent). Niobichthys also differs from Hypoptopoma, Nannoptopoma, Otocinclus, Leptotocinclus, and Nannoxyropsis by having a strongly depressed, elongated and narrow caudal peduncle (vs. caudal peduncle not depressed). Additionally, Niobichthys is distinguished from Oxyropsis by the dorsolateral position of the eyes, which are not visible in ventral view (vs. eyes visible in ventral view), and by possession of precleithral plates (vs. precleithral plates absent). From Acestridium, Niobichthys is further distinguished by lacking the spatulate snout projection, by 14 branched rays in the caudal-fin (vs. 10 or 12 branched rays); by the lateral-line canal that shifts to the dorsal series of lateral plates after truncation of the median plate series (vs. shifting to the ventral series); and by odontodes on the dorsal surface of the pectoral-fin spine that are arranged in two or three rows (vs. odontodes randomly arranged).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F36E01FFDAFFF61F0FD261FD00FB44	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Delapieve, Maria Laura S.;A., Pablo Lehmann;Reis, Roberto E.	Delapieve, Maria Laura S., A., Pablo Lehmann, Reis, Roberto E. (2017): An appraisal of the phylogenetic relationships of Hypoptopomatini cascudinhos with description of two new genera and three new species (Siluriformes: Loricariidae). Neotropical Ichthyology 15 (4), No. e 170079: 1-38, DOI: 10.1590/1982-0224-20170079, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1982-0224-20170079
03F36E01FFD9FFF61D49D1BFFC00FA64.text	03F36E01FFD9FFF61D49D1BFFC00FA64.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Otocinclus Cope 1871	<div><p>Genus Otocinclus Cope, 1871</p><p>Otocinclus Cope, 1871: 112 .</p><p>Type-species: Otocinclus vestitus Cope, 1872 . Type by subsequent monotypy. Gender masculine.</p><p>Macrotocinclus Isbrücker, Seidel, in Isbrücker et al., 2001: 20. Type-species: Otocinclus affinis Steindachner, 1877 . Type by original designation. Gender masculine.</p><p>Included species. Otocinclus affinis Steindachner, 1877; Otocinclus arnoldi Regan, 1909; Otocinclus batmani Lehmann, 2006; Otocinclus bororo Schaefer, 1997; Otocinclus caxarari Schaefer, 1997; Otocinclus cocama Reis, 2004; Otocinclus flexilis Cope, 1894; Otocinclus hasemani Steindachner, 1915; Otocinclus hoppei Miranda-Ribeiro, 1939; Otocinclus huaorani Schaefer, 1997; Otocinclus juruenae Ribeiro, Lehmann, 2016; Otocinclus macrospilus Eigenmann, Allen, 1942; Otocinclus mangaba Lehmann, Mayer, Reis, 2010; Otocinclus mariae Fowler, 1940; Otocinclus mimulus Axenrot, Kullander, 2003; Otocinclus mura Schaefer, 1997; Otocinclus tapirape Britto, Moreira, 2002; Otocinclus vestitus Cope, 1872; Otocinclus vittatus Regan, 1904; and Otocinclus xakriaba Schaefer, 1997 .</p><p>Diagnosis. Otocinclus is diagnosed as monophyletic based on five exclusive synapomorphies: ventral ridge of lateral ethmoid absent (char. 6.2); teeth on pharyngeal jaws reduced and arranged in single series (char. 30.1); dorsal-fin spinelet V-shaped (char. 47.1); esophageal diverticulum expanded into accessory gas bladder (char. 102.2); and contact organ present at base of caudal fin in males (104.1). In addition, there are four non-exclusive synapomorphies: anteroventral surface of mesethmoid with one pair of uncinate processes (char. 1.1); swimbladder capsule enlarged (char. 16.1); anterior portion of basipterygium open, bearing pair of fenestrae (char. 60.0); and possession of gap in pores of canal-bearing median plate series (char. 81.1).</p><p>Comparisons. The species of Otocinclus are further distinguished from other hypoptopomatins by having a relatively robust and deep body and head, even though adult body size is moderately small, and its maximum standard length reaches 45 mm. In the species of Otocinclus, the fenestrae in the compound pterotic are progressively larger and irregular towards the posterolateral margin (vs. small and all with same size); and the mesethmoid completely covered by plates (vs. mesethmoid exposed). Otocinclus can be further distinguished by the possession of a V-shaped dorsal-fin spinelet and a functional locking mechanism of the dorsal-fin spine (vs. dorsal-fin spinelet absent); the lateral line not extending to the last plate in the median series (vs. lateral line extending to last plate in the median series); the posterior truncation of the mid-dorsal series, which goes from the compound pterotic to the caudal peduncle (vs. anteriorly truncated, with eight plates or less, not passing the posterior tip of the dorsal fin); and by the posteriorly truncated midventral series which extends to the caudal peduncle (vs. extending to a point between the dorsal and anal fins or even absent). Additionally, Otocinclus is distinguished by the presence of secondary sexual dimorphism in mature males in the form of a contact organ at the base of the caudal fin, composed by a patch of odontodes modified into a swirl (vs. swirl absent).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F36E01FFD9FFF61D49D1BFFC00FA64	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Delapieve, Maria Laura S.;A., Pablo Lehmann;Reis, Roberto E.	Delapieve, Maria Laura S., A., Pablo Lehmann, Reis, Roberto E. (2017): An appraisal of the phylogenetic relationships of Hypoptopomatini cascudinhos with description of two new genera and three new species (Siluriformes: Loricariidae). Neotropical Ichthyology 15 (4), No. e 170079: 1-38, DOI: 10.1590/1982-0224-20170079, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1982-0224-20170079
03F36E01FFD9FFF71F0CD0DFFDA2FD85.text	03F36E01FFD9FFF71F0CD0DFFDA2FD85.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Oxyropsis Eigenmann, Eigenmann 1889	<div><p>Genus Oxyropsis Eigenmann, Eigenmann, 1889</p><p>Oxyropsis Eigenmann, Eigenmann, 1889: 39 .</p><p>Type-species: Oxyropsis wrightiana Eigenmann, Eigenmann, 1889 . Type by original designation. Gender feminine.</p><p>Included species. Oxyropsis acutirostra Miranda-Ribeiro, 1951; Oxyropsis carinatum (Steindachner, 1879); and Oxyropsis wrightiana Eigenmann, Eigenmann, 1889 .</p><p>Diagnosis. Oxyropsis is diagnosed as monophyletic based on three non-exclusive synapomorphies: width of exposed area of nuchal plate equal to its length (char. 35.1); 28 or more vertebrae (char. 41.0); and height of neural and haemal spines of caudal vertebra smaller than its width (char. 43.1).</p><p>Comparisons. The species of Oxyropsis are further distinguished from other hypoptopomatins by having only one single row of aligned odontodes along the trunk midline lying adjacent and immediately dorsal to the lateral line canal (vs. odontodes not in a single row). Oxyropsis is distinguished from other hypoptopomatins, except Acestridium and Niobichthys, by the caudal peduncle strongly depressed, elongated and narrow (vs. caudal peduncle not depressed). Additionally, the species of Oxyropsis can be further distinguished from Hypoptopoma by the width of the exposed area of the nuchal plate, which is equal to its length, resulting in a typically small, roundish and not laterally expanded nuchal plate (vs. nuchal plate laterally expanded); and by the possession of only three plates in the mid-dorsal series (vs. four plates).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F36E01FFD9FFF71F0CD0DFFDA2FD85	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Delapieve, Maria Laura S.;A., Pablo Lehmann;Reis, Roberto E.	Delapieve, Maria Laura S., A., Pablo Lehmann, Reis, Roberto E. (2017): An appraisal of the phylogenetic relationships of Hypoptopomatini cascudinhos with description of two new genera and three new species (Siluriformes: Loricariidae). Neotropical Ichthyology 15 (4), No. e 170079: 1-38, DOI: 10.1590/1982-0224-20170079, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1982-0224-20170079
03F36E01FFD8FFF71D45D7FEFBC5FCAB.text	03F36E01FFD8FFF71D45D7FEFBC5FCAB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Leptotocinclus Delapieve & A. & Reis 2017	<div><p>Leptotocinclus, new genus</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: BE04E60D-92F2-43CC-AE8D-75CD1449D314</p><p>Type-species. Leptotocinclus ctenistus .</p><p>Included species. Leptotocinclus madeirae, new species and Leptotocinclus ctenistus, new species .</p><p>Diagnosis. Leptotocinclus is diagnosed as monophyletic based on three non-exclusive synapomorphies: 12 caudalfin branched rays (char. 50.1); second and third radials of pectoral fin sutured along their longest axis (char. 54.1); and odontodes on dorsal margin of snout equal in size and arrangement compared to those on remainder of head (char. 91.0).</p><p>Comparisons. Leptotocinclus can be readily distinguished from Nannoptopoma by the trunk, which is concave from posteriormost dorsal- and anal-fin rays to caudal fin (vs. a straight trunk); having a smaller and more delicate pectoralfin spine, representing 23–27% SL (vs. 29.8–39.3% SL), and the posterior process of the coracoid is far from the lateropterygium (Fig. 8a; vs. posterior process of the coracoid and anterior tip of lateropterygium in contact or almost in contact; Fig. 8b).</p><p>Etymology. Leptotocinclus is from the Greek leptos, meaning fine, small, delicate, and Otocinclus, a genus of Hypoptopomatini, in reference to the delicate aspect of the species included.</p><p>Gender. Masculine.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F36E01FFD8FFF71D45D7FEFBC5FCAB	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Delapieve, Maria Laura S.;A., Pablo Lehmann;Reis, Roberto E.	Delapieve, Maria Laura S., A., Pablo Lehmann, Reis, Roberto E. (2017): An appraisal of the phylogenetic relationships of Hypoptopomatini cascudinhos with description of two new genera and three new species (Siluriformes: Loricariidae). Neotropical Ichthyology 15 (4), No. e 170079: 1-38, DOI: 10.1590/1982-0224-20170079, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1982-0224-20170079
03F36E01FFD8FFFA1FCBD600FB9EFB85.text	03F36E01FFD8FFFA1FCBD600FB9EFB85.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Leptotocinclus ctenistus Delapieve & A. & Reis 2017	<div><p>Leptotocinclus ctenistus, new species</p><p>u r n:l s i d:z o o b a n k.o rg:a c t: C FA 9 9F2 2-E6 9A - 4 8F F - 9C E7- DA020FB32DE2</p><p>Fig. 15</p><p>Holotype. INPA 53272, male, 26.5mm SL, Brazil, Amazonas, Maraã, igarapé <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-64.67667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-2.285" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -64.67667/lat -2.285)">São Sebastião</a>, tributary to <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-64.67667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-2.285" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -64.67667/lat -2.285)">igarapé do Baré</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-64.67667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-2.285" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -64.67667/lat -2.285)">lago Amanã basin</a>, 02°17’06”S 64°40’36”W, 17 January 2010, H. Lazzarotto &amp; J. Oliveira.</p><p>Paratypes. Brazil, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-65.335144&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-4.8845277" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -65.335144/lat -4.8845277)">rio Amazonas</a> basin: INPA 33985, 7, 19.1-29.0 mm SL, and MCP 51457, 2, 24.9-25.2 mm SL + 2 c&amp;s, 24.3-26.7 mm SL, same data as holotype. INPA 33982, 14, 22.5-29.3 mm SL, and MCP 51458, 4, 25.0- 26.4 mm SL + 2 c&amp;s 23.3-26.5 mm SL, igarapé <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-65.335144&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-4.8845277" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -65.335144/lat -4.8845277)">Solimõezinho</a>, tributary to <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-65.335144&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-4.8845277" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -65.335144/lat -4.8845277)">rio Unini</a>, Barcelos, Amazonas, 01°30’18”S 62°58’15”W, 27 January 2010, H. Lazzarotto. INPA 34001, 8, 22.7-27.1 mm SL + 2 c&amp;s 25.7-26.1 mm SL, and MCP 51459, 5, 23.3-26.9 mm SL, igarapé do <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-65.335144&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-4.8845277" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -65.335144/lat -4.8845277)">Solimõezinho</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-65.335144&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-4.8845277" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -65.335144/lat -4.8845277)">rio Unini</a> basin, Barcelos, Amazonas, 01°30’17.7”S 62°58’15”W, 27 January 2010, H. Lazzarotto. MPEG 16620, 1, 27.7 mm SL, igarapé <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-65.335144&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-4.8845277" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -65.335144/lat -4.8845277)">Tamanduá</a>, tributary to <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-65.335144&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-4.8845277" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -65.335144/lat -4.8845277)">rio Coari</a>, Coari, Amazonas, 04°53’04.9”S 65°13’34.5”W, 18 December 2008, L. Montag. MPEG 16621, 1, 27.3 mm SL, and MPEG 16622, 3, 25.7-29.9 mm SL, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-65.335144&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-4.8845277" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -65.335144/lat -4.8845277)">igarapé Marta</a>, tributary to <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-65.335144&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-4.8845277" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -65.335144/lat -4.8845277)">rio Coari</a>, Coari, Amazonas, 04°51’39.2”S 65°04’40.4”W, 29 July 2008, W. Wosiacki. MPEG 16623, 1, 25.8 mm SL, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-65.335144&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-4.8845277" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -65.335144/lat -4.8845277)">igarapé Onça</a>, tributary to <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-65.335144&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-4.8845277" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -65.335144/lat -4.8845277)">rio Coari</a>, Coari, Amazonas, 04°52’08.7”S 65°18’03.7”W, 14 December 2008, L. Montag. MPEG 16624, 1, 29.6 mm SL, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-65.335144&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-4.8845277" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -65.335144/lat -4.8845277)">igarapé Tartaruga</a>, tributary to <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-65.335144&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-4.8845277" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -65.335144/lat -4.8845277)">rio Coari</a>, Coari, Amazonas, 04°53’04.3”S 65°20’06.5”W, 15 December 2008, L. Montag . Colombia, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-69.93584&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-4.1541667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -69.93584/lat -4.1541667)">rioAmazonas</a> basin: ICNMHN 10054, 1, 22.5 mm SL, quebrada <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-69.93584&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-4.1541667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -69.93584/lat -4.1541667)">Tacana</a>, tributary to <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-69.93584&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-4.1541667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -69.93584/lat -4.1541667)">río Amazonas</a> at km 6.5 of road from Leticia to <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-69.93584&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-4.1541667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -69.93584/lat -4.1541667)">Tarapacá</a>, Departamento Amazonas, 04°09’15”S 69°56’09”W, 30 June 2002, C. A. Pinto. ICNMHN 10093, 2, 17.4-18.9 mm SL, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-69.93584&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-4.1541667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -69.93584/lat -4.1541667)">quebrada Tacana</a>, tributary to <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-69.93584&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-4.1541667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -69.93584/lat -4.1541667)">río Amazonas</a> at km 6.5 of road from Leticia to <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-69.93584&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-4.1541667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -69.93584/lat -4.1541667)">Tarapacá</a>, Departamento Amazonas, 04°09’15”S 69°56’09”W, 19 July 2002, C. A. Pinto. ICNMHN 10123, 8, 14.8-28.4 mm SL, and MCP 51460, 3, 20.9-25.1 mm SL + 1 c&amp;s 19.8 mm SL, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-69.93584&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-4.1541667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -69.93584/lat -4.1541667)">quebrada Tacana</a>, tributary to <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-69.93584&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-4.1541667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -69.93584/lat -4.1541667)">río Amazonas</a> at km 6.5 of road from Leticia to <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-69.93584&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-4.1541667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -69.93584/lat -4.1541667)">Tarapacá</a>, Departamento Amazonas, 04°09’15”S 69°56’09”W, 30 May 2002, C. A. Pinto. ICNMHN 10286, 5, 26.1-30.6 mm SL, and MCP 51461, 2, 28.2-29.1 mm SL + 2 c&amp;s, 27.5- 31.4 mm SL, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-69.93584&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-4.1541667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -69.93584/lat -4.1541667)">quebrada Tacana</a>, tributary to <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-69.93584&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-4.1541667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -69.93584/lat -4.1541667)">río Amazonas</a> at km 6.5 of road from Leticia to <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-69.93584&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-4.1541667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -69.93584/lat -4.1541667)">Tarapacá</a>, Departamento Amazonas, 04°09’15”S 69°56’09”W, 12 January 2002, C. A. Pinto. ICNMHN 10327, 5, 24.9-30.1 mm SL, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-69.93584&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-4.1541667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -69.93584/lat -4.1541667)">quebrada Tacana</a>, tributary to <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-69.93584&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-4.1541667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -69.93584/lat -4.1541667)">río Amazonas</a> at km 6.5 of road from Leticia to <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-69.93584&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-4.1541667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -69.93584/lat -4.1541667)">Tarapacá</a>, Departamento Amazonas, 04°09’15”S 69°56’09”W, 10 December 2002, C. A. Pinto. ICNMHN 10348, 7, 18.7-27.6 mm SL, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-69.93584&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-4.1541667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -69.93584/lat -4.1541667)">quebrada Tacana</a>, tributary to <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-69.93584&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-4.1541667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -69.93584/lat -4.1541667)">río Amazonas</a> at km 6.5 of road from Leticia to <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-69.93584&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-4.1541667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -69.93584/lat -4.1541667)">Tarapacá</a>, Departamento Amazonas, 04°09’15”S 69°56’09”W, 17 July 2002, C. A. Pinto .</p><p>Diagnosis. Leptotocinclus ctenistus is distinguished from its only congener by median series of abdominal plates, present and arranged in one single row (vs. median series of abdominal plates absent); and by 3-6 lateral abdominal plates (vs. 1-2, but one specimen with 3). Additionally, Leptotocinclus ctenistus is distinguished by larger size of preanal plate (7.0-12.0% SL, Fig. 7f vs. 1.5-6.4% SL, Fig. 7e).</p><p>Description. Proportional measurements and counts in Tabs. 1-2. Body relatively small and slender, moderately elongated; head moderatly depressed. Dorsal profile of head and body slightly convex from snout tip to dorsal-fin origin; parietosupraoccipital slightly elevated leaving interorbital region convex. Trunk profile descending from dorsal-fin origin to anteriormost procurrent caudal-fin ray. Body deepest at dorsal-fin origin; body shallowest at posterior portion of caudal peduncle. Body ovoid to transversely depressed in cross section, progressively compressed posterior to anal-fin base. Greatest body width at cleithrum.</p><p>Anterior margin of snout broadly rounded in dorsal view. Snout with slight depression anterior to each nostril. Eye large, laterally positioned, barely visible in ventral view; iris operculum absent. Compound pterotic perforate only laterally, fenestrae increasing in size towards posterolateral margin of bone. Pore between canal-bearing cheek plate and fourth infraorbital present. Three predorsal plates anterior to trapezoidal nuchal plate. Odontodes on dorsal margin of snout slightly larger than other odontodes on head. Odontodes on ventral margin of snout distinctly enlarged. Posterior tip of parieto-supraoccipital without small tuft of enlarged odontodes even in specimens smaller than 20 mm SL. No other crests of odontodes on dorsal surface of head. Lips rounded and covered with globular papillae. Teeth slender, bifid, with blade-like larger medial cusp and smaller lateral cusp. Plates anterior to cleithrum absent.</p><p>Median series of lateral plates complete with lateral line continuous. Odontodes on head and trunk pointed, uniform in size and shape and conspicuously aligned; odontodes on caudal peduncle slightly larger. Odontodes on ventral surface of body smaller and evenly distributed, not arranged in lines. Body almost entirely covered by plates, except area around anus, region overlying lateral opening of swimbladder capsule, area between lower lip and pectoral girdle, and area around fin bases. Ventral portions of cleithrum and coracoid completely exposed and supporting odontodes. Abdomen covered by 3-6 (mean 4) elongate lateral abdominal plates and single series of 4-8 polygonal to roughly square middle abdominal plates. Single, large preanal plate between the pelvic fins. Anal tube and male urogenital papilla slightly right turned. Total vertebrae 27; ribs 6, beginning on eighth vertebral centrum, in addition to large rib on sixth centrum.</p><p>Dorsal fin I,7, its origin at vertical through middle of pelvic fin. Dorsal-fin spinelet absent. Pectoral fin I,6, with small axillary slit in skin behind fin insertion. Serrae absent along mesial margin of pectoral-fin spine. Pectoral fin reaching to vertical through midpoint of pelvic-fin unbranched ray. Adipose fin absent. Pelvic fin i,5, short, with robust thickened first ray shorter than two first branched rays. Skin flap absent on first unbranched pelvic-fin ray of males. Dorsal surface of first and sometimes second pelvic-fin branched rays with contact organ composed of row of enlarged odontodes. Anal fin i,5; first anal-fin pterygiophore exposed in front of unbranched fin ray. Odontodes on pelvic-fin unbranched ray turned and strongly pointing mesially. Caudal fin i,12,i (two specimens with i,11,i), forked, upper and lower lobes equal.</p><p>Color in alcohol. Ground color of dorsal surface of head and body tan to medium brown. Dark brown melanophores on head more densely concentrated on compound pterotic, parieto-supraoccipital, frontals, postrostral plates, anterior surface of upper lip, and posterior and mesial portions of naris flap. Melanophores on body concentrated on skin covering swimbladder opening, predorsal area, and on lateral stripe. Longitudinal dark brown lateral stripe on midlateral surface of head and body; stripe beginning laterally on snout tip partially covering ventral half of eye and continuing to end of caudal peduncle. Light brown melanophores roughly arranged in four dorsal blotches; one anterior to dorsal fin, one on posterior portion of dorsal fin, two at caudal peduncle. Posteriormost plates of both dorsal and ventral series of lateral plates less pigmented. Ventral surface of body mostly unpigmented except for ventral portion of snout plates, canal-bearing cheek plate, lateral region of pectoral girdle, lateral portions of lateral abdominal plates, and lateral portions of caudal peduncle. Dorsal and pectoral fins with 5-6 dark brown spots, continued as irregular bands on branched rays. Pelvic fin with 3-4 and anal fin with 2 such spots. Caudal fin with trapezoidal dark brown spot at base and 3-4 bands of brown melanophores on unbranched and branched rays. Interradial membrane of all fins unpigmented.</p><p>Sexual dimorphism. Males with a conical urogenital papilla behind the anal tube. Mature males also possess a pelvic-fin contact organ, composed of a row of enlarged odontodes on the dorsal surface of the first, sometimes second, pelvic-fin branched rays (Fig. 13). Those odontodes are almost three times the size of other odontodes on the dorsal surface of the pelvic fin.</p><p>Distribution and habitat. Leptotocinclus ctenistus is known from tributaries to the rio Solimões and rio Negro in Brazil and Colombia (Fig. 16). Collecting localities are blackwater creeks and small rivers. The Quebrada Tacana is a blackwater creek with a sandy bottom and the collecting station is located on the Terra Firme, above the level of the yearly seasonal flood (Galvis et al., 2006).</p><p>Etymology. The specific name ctenistus from the Greek ktenistus, meaning combed, derived from ktenos, comb, in reference to the contact organ formed by a comb of odontodes on the pelvic fin of mature males. An adjective.</p><p>Conservation status. Leptotocinclus ctenistus is relatively frequent and abundant in the tributaries of the rio Solimões and rio Negro, with an EOO of approximately 128,000 km 2. As it is widespread and no eminent threats are detected, L. ctenistus can be categorized as Least Concern (LC) according to the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) categories and criteria (IUCN Standards and Petitions Subcommittee, 2016).</p><p>Multivariate comparison. General morphological differences between Leptotocinclus ctenistus and L. madeirae were investigated using a Principal Components Analysis. The resulting first principal component included an expressive proportion of the total variance (57.3%), but all variable loadings were positive and varied little in magnitude, suggesting that it represents a general size factor. Plots of factor scores of principal component 2 vs. 3 grouped specimens into two slightly overlapping clusters (Fig. 17). PC2 and PC3 included 17.3% and 7.0% of the total variance, respectively. Measurements with heavier loadings on PC2 were pectoral-pelvic fin distance (0.29), postdorsal length (0.20), caudal-peduncle width (-0.45), and naris diameter (-0.65); on PC3 heavier loadings were dorsal-fin base length (0.34), caudal-peduncle width (0.37), naris diameter (-0.27), and suborbital depth (-0.60). This difference in general morphospace indicates a slight body shape difference, difficult to detect with linear measurements, but supportive of the lineage independence hypothesis between Leptotocinclus ctenistus and L. madeirae .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F36E01FFD8FFFA1FCBD600FB9EFB85	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Delapieve, Maria Laura S.;A., Pablo Lehmann;Reis, Roberto E.	Delapieve, Maria Laura S., A., Pablo Lehmann, Reis, Roberto E. (2017): An appraisal of the phylogenetic relationships of Hypoptopomatini cascudinhos with description of two new genera and three new species (Siluriformes: Loricariidae). Neotropical Ichthyology 15 (4), No. e 170079: 1-38, DOI: 10.1590/1982-0224-20170079, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1982-0224-20170079
03F36E01FFD4FFFD1FF6D5DDFE17FE25.text	03F36E01FFD4FFFD1FF6D5DDFE17FE25.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Leptotocinclus madeirae Delapieve & A. & Reis 2017	<div><p>Leptotocinclus madeirae, new species</p><p>u r n:l s i d:z o o b a n k.o rg:a c t: 3 7 9 B5 5F 7-D F 5 3-4 3D 5-9E B9- 5651BE6E36AF</p><p>Fig. 18</p><p>Holotype. MCP 51352, female, 30.4 mm SL, Brazil, Amazonas, Humaitá, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-63.174168&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-7.5933337" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -63.174168/lat -7.5933337)">igarapé do Vinte e Dois</a> at <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-63.174168&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-7.5933337" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -63.174168/lat -7.5933337)">Recanto do Sanari</a>, Transamazon road ca. 20 km SW of <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-63.174168&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-7.5933337" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -63.174168/lat -7.5933337)">rio Madeira</a> towards Lábrea, 07°35’36”S 63°10’27”W, 27 July 2004, P. Lehmann, P. Buckup, F. Lima, V. Bertaco &amp; J. Pezzi.</p><p>Paratypes. Brazil: Amazonas State, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-63.174168&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-7.5933337" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -63.174168/lat -7.5933337)">Rio Madeira</a> basin: MCP 35888, 3, 20.5-23.4 + 2 c&amp;s, 23.7-23.8 mm SL, same data as holotype. MCP 35886, 4, 18.4-23.9 + 1 c&amp;s, 24.8 mm SL, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-63.174168&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-7.5933337" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -63.174168/lat -7.5933337)">igarapé do Doze</a> at Transamazon road, ca. 12 km W of Humaitá towards Lábrea, 07°34’25”S 63°06’39”W, 27 July 2004, P. Lehmann, P. Buckup, F. Lima, V. Bertaco &amp; J. Pezzi. UFRO-I 15682, 5, 19.7-24.8 mm SL, creek on Transamazon road, ca. 18 km W of Humaitá, 07°35’36.7”S 63°10’31”W, 9 August, 2012, D. Hungria . <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-63.339886&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-7.5102777" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -63.339886/lat -7.5102777)">Rio Purus</a> basin: MCP 35885, 1, 20.4 mm SL, creek tributary to <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-63.339886&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-7.5102777" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -63.339886/lat -7.5102777)">rio Açuá</a>, ca. 136 km SW of Humaitá on road BR-319, Humaitá, 08°12’13”S 63°53’01”W, 28 July 2004, R. Reis, F. Langeani, E. Pereira &amp; A. Cardoso. UFRO-I 16658, 11, 16.2-30.6 mm SL, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-63.339886&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-7.5102777" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -63.339886/lat -7.5102777)">rio Fortaleza</a> on road BR-319, near <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-63.339886&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-7.5102777" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -63.339886/lat -7.5102777)">Realidade village</a>, ca. 90 km N of Humaitá, 07°05’04.5”S 63°06’35”W, 9 August 2012, W. M. Ohara. UFRO-I 15681, 11, 19.0- 25.6 mm SL + 1 c&amp;s, 22.9 mm SL, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-63.339886&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-7.5102777" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -63.339886/lat -7.5102777)">rio Realidade</a> on road BR-319, at <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-63.339886&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-7.5102777" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -63.339886/lat -7.5102777)">Realidade village</a>, ca. 100 km N of Humaitá, 06°59’07”S 63°05’54.4”W, 9 August 2012, W. M. Ohara. UFRO-I 17317, 2, 20.2-23.1 mm SL, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-63.339886&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-7.5102777" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -63.339886/lat -7.5102777)">rio Realidade</a> on road BR-319, at <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-63.339886&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-7.5102777" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -63.339886/lat -7.5102777)">Realidade village</a>, ca. 100 km N of Humaitá, 06°59’07”S 63°05’53.4”W, 9 August 2012, W. M. Ohara. UFRO-I 15704, 4, 21.6-25.7 mm SL, mouth of <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-63.339886&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-7.5102777" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -63.339886/lat -7.5102777)">lago Comprido</a> into <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-63.339886&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-7.5102777" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -63.339886/lat -7.5102777)">rio Ipixuna</a>, near Transamazon road, ca. 38 km W of Humaitá, 07°30’37”S 63°20’23.6”W, 21 July 2012, W. M. Ohara .</p><p>Diagnosis. Leptotocinclus madeirae is distiguished from L. ctenistus by lacking a median series of abdominal plates (vs. median series of plates present and arranged in one single row); and by 1-2 (except one specimen with 3) lateral abdominal plates (vs. 3-6). Additionally, Leptotocinclus madeirae is distinguished by the smaller size of the preanal plate (1.5-6.4% SL, Fig. 7e vs. 7.0-12.0% SL, Fig. 7f).</p><p>Description. Proportional measurements and counts in Tabs. 2-3. Body relatively small and slender, moderately elongated; head moderatly depressed. Dorsal profile of head and body slightly convex from snout tip to dorsal-fin origin; parietosupraoccipital slightly elevated leaving interorbital region convex. Trunk profile descending from dorsal-fin origin to anteriormost procurrent caudal-fin ray. Body deepest at dorsal-fin origin; body shallowest at posterior portion of caudal peduncle. Body ovoid to transversely depressed in cross section, progressively compressed posterior to anal-fin base. Greatest body width at cleithrum.</p><p>Anterior margin of snout broadly rounded in dorsal view. Snout with slight depression anterior to each nostril. Eye large, laterally positioned, barely visible in ventral view; iris operculum absent. Compound pterotic perforate only laterally, fenestrae increasing in size towards posterolateral margin of bone. Pore between canal-bearing cheek plate and fourth infraorbital present. Three predorsal plates anterior to trapezoidal nuchal plate. Odontodes on dorsal margin of snout slightly larger than other odontodes on head. Odontodes on ventral margin of snout distinctly enlarged. Posterior tip of parieto-supraoccipital with small tuft of enlarged odontodes in specimens smaller than 20 mm SL; without other crests on dorsal surface of head. Lips rounded and covered with globular papillae. Teeth slender, bifid, with blade-like larger medial cusp and smaller lateral cusp. Plates anterior to cleithrum absent.</p><p>Median series of lateral plates complete with continuous lateral line. Odontodes on head and trunk pointed, uniform in size and shape and conspicuously aligned; odontodes on caudal peduncle slightly larger. Odontodes on ventral surface of body smaller and scattered, not arranged in lines. Body covered by plates, except area around anus, region overlying lateral opening of swimbladder capsule, area between lower lip and pectoral girdle, and area around fin bases. Ventral portions of cleithrum and coracoid completely exposed and supporting odontodes. Abdomen covered by 1-3 (mean 2) small, ovate lateral abdominal plates; middle abdominal plates absent. Single, small preanal plate between pelvic fins. Anal tube slightly right turned. Total vertebrae 26; ribs 7, beginning on eighth vertebral centrum, in addition to large rib on sixth centrum.</p><p>Dorsal fin I,7, its origin at vertical through middle of pelvic fin. Dorsal-fin spinelet absent. Pectoral fin I,6, with small axillary slit in skin behind fin insertion. Serrae absent along mesial margin of pectoral-fin spine. Pectoral fin reaching to vertical through midpoint of pelvic-fin unbranched ray. Adipose fin absent. Pelvic fin i,5, short, with robust thickened first ray shorter than two first branched rays. Odontodes on pelvic-fin unbranched ray turned and strongly pointing mesially. Anal fin i,5; first anal-fin pterygiophore exposed in front of unbranched fin ray. Caudal fin i,12,i, forked, upper and lower lobes equal.</p><p>Color in alcohol. Ground color of dorsal surface of head and body tan to medium brown. Dark brown melanophores on head more densely concentrated on compound pterotic, parieto-supraoccipital, frontals, postrostral plates, anterior surface of upper lip, and posterior and mesial portions of naris flap. Melanophores on body concentrated on predorsal area and lateral stripe. Longitudinal dark brown lateral stripe on midlateral surface of head and body; lateral stripe from snout tip partially covering ventral half of eye and continuing to end of caudal peduncle. Light brown melanophores arranged in four inconspicuous dorsal blotches; one anterior to dorsal fin, one on posterior portion of dorsal fin, two at caudal peduncle. Posteriormost plates of both dorsal and ventral series of lateral plates less pigmented. Ventral surface of body mostly unpigmented except for ventral portion of snout plates, canal-bearing cheek plate, lateral region of pectoral girdle, and lateral portions of caudal peduncle. Dorsal and pectoral fins with 5-6 dark brown spots, continued as irregular bands on branched rays. Pelvic fin with 3-4 and anal fin with two spots. Caudal fin with trapezoidal dark brown spot at base and 3-4 bands of brown melanophores on unbranched and branched rays. Interradial membrane of all fins unpigmented.</p><p>Sexual dimorphism. A single known male (UFRO-I 16658) with a small urogenital papilla behind the anal tube.</p><p>Distribution and habitat. Leptotocinclus madeirae is known from tributaries to the middle rio Madeira and Purus in Brazil (Fig. 16). Collecting localities are blackwater creeks and small rivers.</p><p>Etymology. Leptotocinclus madeirae is named after the rio Madeira, in which basin is the type-locality. An adjective.</p><p>Conservation status. Leptotocinclus madeirae is relatively frequent and abundant in the tributaries of the middle rio Madeira, with an EOO of approximately 2,700 km 2. As the population is not fragmented, continuing decline cannot be inferred, and no eminent threats are detected, L. madeirae can be categorized as Least Concern (LC) according to the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) categories and criteria (IUCN Standards and Petitions Subcommittee, 2016).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F36E01FFD4FFFD1FF6D5DDFE17FE25	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Delapieve, Maria Laura S.;A., Pablo Lehmann;Reis, Roberto E.	Delapieve, Maria Laura S., A., Pablo Lehmann, Reis, Roberto E. (2017): An appraisal of the phylogenetic relationships of Hypoptopomatini cascudinhos with description of two new genera and three new species (Siluriformes: Loricariidae). Neotropical Ichthyology 15 (4), No. e 170079: 1-38, DOI: 10.1590/1982-0224-20170079, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1982-0224-20170079
03F36E01FFD2FFFD1D40D49EFC3FFC84.text	03F36E01FFD2FFFD1D40D49EFC3FFC84.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Nannoxyropsis Delapieve & A. & Reis 2017	<div><p>Nannoxyropsis, new genus</p><p>u r n:l s i d:z o o b a n k.o rg:a c t: 3 7 5 3E 6B F -7C6 B -4 7 6D -9 3 8 4- 05F87880A16B</p><p>Type-species. Nannoxyropsis acicula .</p><p>Included species. Nannoxyropsis ephippia (Aquino, Sabaj, 2016) [New Combination]; and Nannoxyropsis acicula, new species .</p><p>Diagnosis. Nannoxyropsis is diagnosed as monophyletic based on three exclusive synapomorphies: posterior ventral corner of canal cheek plate towards ventral midline (char. 69.1); row of odontodes aligned along trunk midline, adjacent and immediately ventral to lateral line canal (char. 98.1); and one enlarged odontode at posterior margin of median lateral plates of caudal peduncle (char. 99.1).</p><p>Comparisons. The species of Nannoxyropsis are distinguished from other hypoptopomatins by having two rows of aligned odontodes along the trunk midline, that lie adjacent and immediately dorsal and ventral to the lateral line canal (vs. one row in Oxyropsis or no aligned odontodes); by the posterovental corner of the canal cheek plate that projects towards the ventral midline (vs. canal cheek plate not projected medially); and by the presence of one distinctly enlarged odontode at the posterior margin of the median lateral plates of the caudal peduncle (vs. enlarged odontode absent). The species of Nannoxyropsis can be additionally differentiated from Oxyropsis by having a round to compressed caudal peduncle in cross section (vs. depressed caudal peduncle in cross-section); and by the last seven plates of the mid-ventral series having the same size as the adjacent plates in the median series (vs. the last mid-ventral plates having at most half the size of the adjacent median series plates).</p><p>Etymology. Nannoxyropsis is from the Greek nannos, meaning small, and Oxyropsis, a genus of Hypoptopomatini, in reference to the small size of the species included.</p><p>Gender. Feminine.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F36E01FFD2FFFD1D40D49EFC3FFC84	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Delapieve, Maria Laura S.;A., Pablo Lehmann;Reis, Roberto E.	Delapieve, Maria Laura S., A., Pablo Lehmann, Reis, Roberto E. (2017): An appraisal of the phylogenetic relationships of Hypoptopomatini cascudinhos with description of two new genera and three new species (Siluriformes: Loricariidae). Neotropical Ichthyology 15 (4), No. e 170079: 1-38, DOI: 10.1590/1982-0224-20170079, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1982-0224-20170079
03F36E01FFD2FFFF1FCED6E0FBDFF92B.text	03F36E01FFD2FFFF1FCED6E0FBDFF92B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Nannoxyropsis acicula Delapieve & A. & Reis 2017	<div><p>Nannoxyropsis acicula, new species</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: C05ED1D9-1707-4C90-AB18- 07B7375209B5</p><p>Fig. 19</p><p>Holotype. MCP 51326, female, 27.1 mm SL, Brazil, Pará, Itaituba, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-56.275806&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-4.378611" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -56.275806/lat -4.378611)">Igarapé Capiteo</a> on Transamazonic road between Comunidade 28 and Vila Rayol, 04°22’43”S 56°16’32.9”W, 24 October 2016, R. E. Reis, T. P. Carvalho &amp; B. B. Calegari.</p><p>Paratypes. Brazil, Pará State, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-56.260834&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-4.570833" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -56.260834/lat -4.570833)">Rio Tapajós</a> basin: MCP 51325, 3 23.4-24.3 mm SL + 2 tissue sample vouchers, same data as holotype. MCP 51324, 3, 24.9-25.4 mm SL + 1 tissue sample voucher, creek tributary to <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-56.260834&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-4.570833" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -56.260834/lat -4.570833)">rio Tapajós</a> ca. 20 km SW of Itaituba, on road to Comunidade 28, Itaituba, 04°18’21”S 56°05’54.4”W, 24 October 2016, R. E. Reis, T. P. Carvalho &amp; B. B. Calegari. MPEG 25249, 23, 20.9- 29.7 mm SL and MCP 51462, 7, 23.4 -29.0 mm SL+ 3 c&amp;s, 23.9-27.8 mm SL, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-56.260834&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-4.570833" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -56.260834/lat -4.570833)">rio Tapajós</a> near Mamãe Anã village, Jacareacanga, approx. 05°46’S 57°23’W, 4 October 2012, N. Benone. MPEG 26488, 38, 22.5-33.5 mm SL and MCP 51463, 15, 22.8-27.6 mm SL, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-56.260834&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-4.570833" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -56.260834/lat -4.570833)">rio Tapajós</a> near Buburé village, Jacareacanga, 04°42’58”S 56°26’24”W, 6 January 2013, N. Benone. MZUSP 92752, 3, 23.2-25.7 mm SL, right margin of <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-56.260834&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-4.570833" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -56.260834/lat -4.570833)">rio Tapajós</a> at Pimental, 04°34’15”S 56°15’39”W, 11 November 2006, L. M. Sousa &amp; J. L. Birindelli .</p><p>Diagnosis. Nannoxyropsis acicula is distinguished from N. ephippia by lacking preopercle latero-sensory canal (vs. sensory canal present); and by odontodes on posterior margin of the parieto-supraoccipital enlarged, forming crest (vs. odontodes not enlarged or forming crest). Nannoxyropsis acicula is further distinguished from N. ephippia by a longer head (34.8-39.4 vs. 29.4-33.5% SL); a narrower snout (width of snout measured at widest point of mouth opening 37.0-40.7 vs. 43.1-45.3% HL); a larger predorsal length (44.7-48.9 vs. 40.1-44.5% SL); a smaller dorsal interorbital distance (37.1-42.4 vs. 43.0-54.2% HL); a smaller number of plates in median series of lateral plates (20-22 vs. 23); and a smaller number of teeth on premaxilla (11-17 vs. 18-26).</p><p>Description. Proportional measurements and counts in Tabs. 2, 4. Body relatively small and slender, moderately elongated; head moderatly depressed. Dorsal profile of head and body slightly convex from snout tip to dorsal-fin origin; parieto-supraoccipital slightly elevated leaving interorbital region convex. Trunk profile descending from dorsal-fin origin to anteriormost procurrent caudal-fin ray.Body deepest at dorsal-fin origin; body shallowest at posterior portion of caudal peduncle. Body ovoid to transversely depressed in cross section, progressively compressed posterior to anal-fin base. Greatest body width at cleithrum.</p><p>Anterior margin of snout acute and triangular in dorsal view with rounded tip. Snout with slight depression anterior to each nostril. Eye large, laterally positioned, barely visible in ventral view; iris operculum absent. Compound pterotic perforate only laterally, fenestrae increasing in size posterolateral margin of bone. Pore between canal-bearing cheek plate and fourth infraorbital present. Three predorsal plates anterior to trapezoidal nuchal plate. Odontodes on dorsal and ventral margins of snout distinctly larger than other odontodes on head. Enlarged odontodes on ventral margin extending below eye. Posterior tip of parietosupraoccipital with tuft of enlarged odontodes; without other crests on dorsal surface of head. Lips rounded and covered with globular papillae. Teeth slender, bifid, with blade-like larger medial cusp and smaller lateral cusp. Plates anterior to cleithrum absent.</p><p>Median series of lateral plates complete with lateral line continuous. Odontodes on head and trunk pointed, uniform in size and shape and conspicuously aligned; odontodes on caudal peduncle slightly larger. Odontodes on ventral surface of body smaller and scattered, not arranged in lines. Body covered by plates, except area around anus, region overlying lateral opening of swimbladder capsule, area between lower lip and pectoral girdle, and area around fin bases. Ventral portions of cleithrum and coracoid completely exposed and supporting odontodes. Abdomen covered by 2-6 (mean 4) transversely elongate lateral abdominal plates; middle abdominal plates 1-6 (mean 4). Single, large preanal plate between pelvic fins. Anal tube slightly right turned. Total vertebrae 26; ribs 3, beginning on tenth vertebral centrum, in addition to large rib on sixth centrum.</p><p>Dorsal fin I,7, its origin at vertical through middle of pelvic fin. Dorsal-fin spinelet absent. Pectoral fin I,6, with small axillary slit in skin behind fin insertion. Pectoral-fin spine with small serrae composed of retrorse, conical, acute teeth along posterior margin, one per ray segment. Serrae more conspicuous in younger specimens, absent in larger. Pectoral fin reaching to vertical through posterior third of pelvic-fin unbranched ray. Adipose fin absent. Pelvic fin i,5, short, with robust thickened first ray shorter than two first branched rays. Odontodes on pelvic-fin unbranched ray turned and strongly pointing mesially. Anal fin i,5; first analfin pterygiophore exposed in front of unbranched fin ray. Caudal fin i,14,i, forked, upper and lower lobes equal.</p><p>Color in alcohol. Ground color of dorsal surface of head and body tan to light brown. Dark brown melanophores on head more densely concentrated on compound pterotic, parietosupraoccipital, frontals, postrostral plates, and anterior surface of upper lip. Longitudinal dark brown lateral stripe on midlateral surface of head and body; stripe beginning laterally on snout tip, crossing eye, and continuing to end of caudal peduncle. Brown melanophores arranged in four or five inconspicuous dorsal saddle-like blotches; one anterior to dorsal fin, one on posterior portion of dorsal fin, two or three at caudal peduncle. Ventral surface of body mostly unpigmented except for ventral portion of snout plates, canal-bearing cheek plate, and lateral portions of caudal peduncle. Dorsal and pectoral fins with 5-6 dark brown spots, continued as 3-4 irregular bands on branched rays. Pelvic fin with 1-2 and anal fin with 2-3 such spots. Caudal fin with dark brown spot at base and 5-7 bands of brown melanophores on unbranched and branched rays. Interradial membrane of all fins unpigmented.</p><p>Sexual dimorphism. Males have a small urogenital papilla behind the anal tube. One mature male has a pelvic-fin contact organ, composed of a row of slightly enlarged odontodes on the dorsal surface of the first pelvic-fin branched rays. Those odontodes are approximately twice the size of other odontodes on the dorsal surface of the pelvic fin.</p><p>Distribution and habitat. Nannoxyropsis acicula is known from tributaries to the lower rio Tapajós in Brazil (Fig. 16). Collecting localities near Itaituba are clear to blackwater creeks with moderate water current, the bottom is composed of stones, gravel and mud or clay in parts, and there are moderate amounts of marginal vegetation. Dissolved oxygen at locality of lot MCP 51324 was 2.2 mg /l at the collecting event.</p><p>Etymology. From the Latim acicula, meaning needle, pin, in reference to the narrowness of the snout compared to N. ephippia . A noun in apposition.</p><p>Conservation status. Nannoxyropsis acicula is relatively frequent and abundant in the tributaries of the middle rio Tapajós, with an EOO of approximately 1,800 km 2. As the population is not fragmented, continuing decline cannot be inferred, and no eminent threats are detected, N. acicula can be categorized as Least Concern (LC) according to the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) categories and criteria (IUCN Standards and Petitions Subcommittee, 2016).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F36E01FFD2FFFF1FCED6E0FBDFF92B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Delapieve, Maria Laura S.;A., Pablo Lehmann;Reis, Roberto E.	Delapieve, Maria Laura S., A., Pablo Lehmann, Reis, Roberto E. (2017): An appraisal of the phylogenetic relationships of Hypoptopomatini cascudinhos with description of two new genera and three new species (Siluriformes: Loricariidae). Neotropical Ichthyology 15 (4), No. e 170079: 1-38, DOI: 10.1590/1982-0224-20170079, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1982-0224-20170079
