identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
03F087CEFFD6FFC3FF21FDE32D916139.text	03F087CEFFD6FFC3FF21FDE32D916139.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Rhipidia Meigen 1818	<div><p>Rhipidia Meigen, 1818</p><p>Rhipidia Meigen, 1818: 153; Lackschewitz, Pagast, 1940: 4; 1942: 53; Savchenko, Krivolutskaya, 1976: 118; Savchenko, 1983: 109; 1985: 51; 1989: 340;</p><p>Ceratostephanus Brunetti, 1911: 271;</p><p>Limonia (Rhipidia) Edwards, 1938: 23; Alexander, 1950: 195; Ishida, 1957: 125; Tjeder, 1958: 161;</p><p>Type species— Rhipidia maculata Meigen, 1818 (monotypic).</p><p>Medium sized crane flies. Wing length varies from 5 to nearly 9 mm. Main body coloration yellowish, brown or gray. The most distinct feature are pectinate male antennae and serrate female antennae of most species. Wing comparatively wide and distinctly patterned with at least few dark spots at frontal margin, usually with lots of small dots. Vein Sc1 reaches beyond base of radial sector, usually up to the middle of Rs; Sc2 at tip of Sc1, cell sc usually with additional cross-vein at the middle; radial sector long and arched, only in rare cases some specimens have angulated and short-spurred base of Rs, discal cell closed in R. ( Rhipidia) and open in R. (Eurhipidia). Basal deflection of CuA1 close to branching point of M (base of discal cell); anal angle distinct, posterior margin widely rounded. Male genitalia with two pairs of terminal gonostyles. Inner gonostylus large, oval with longer or shorter rostral prolongation, that is armed with few spines. Outer gonostylus strongly sclerotised, long, narrow and arched. Ovipositor with long slightly arched cercus and large hypovalva.</p><p>Preimaginal stages are known only for three species, all of them belong to subgenus R. ( Rhipidia).</p><p>Genus Rhipidia includes 232 extant species, which are grouped into two subgenera (Oosterbroek, 2016) and six fossil species (Evenhuis, 2014). It has a worldwide distribution with highest diversity in Neotropics (Oosterbroek, 2016).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F087CEFFD6FFC3FF21FDE32D916139	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Podenas, Sigitas;Byun, Hye-Woo;Kim, Sam-Kyu	Podenas, Sigitas, Byun, Hye-Woo, Kim, Sam-Kyu (2016): Rhipidia crane flies (Diptera: Limoniidae) from Korea. Zootaxa 4136 (3): 515-536, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4136.3.5
03F087CEFFD6FFC4FF21FA202DE765E2.text	03F087CEFFD6FFC4FF21FA202DE765E2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Rhipidia (Rhipidia) Meigen 1818	<div><p>Rhipidia (Rhipidia) Meigen, 1818</p><p>Rhipidia Meigen, 1818: 153 .</p><p>Arhipidia Alexander, 1912: 6.</p><p>Monorhipidia Alexander, 1912: 6.</p><p>Conorhipidia Alexander, 1914: 117.</p><p>Type species— Rhipidia maculata Meigen, 1818 (monotypic).</p><p>Wing with closed discal cell. Femur with darkened apex, tarsus yellowish to brown. Rostral prolongation of inner gonostylus with at least three, usually with 4–8 spines.</p><p>Larva (Krivosheina, 2011): head capsule well sclerotised, dorsoventrally compressed, oval in shape. Strong transverse rods of hypopharynx and labium with large conical teeth. Mandible with three teeth at apex and with three obtuse shorter teeth along ventral margin. Hypopharynx with twelve teeth, labium with 10–12 teeth. Hypostomium with widened elongate apical section, bearing 9–11 teeth. Clypeus with two pairs of setae and single pore between them. Antennae short, 1.5–2.0 times as long as wide. Larval body cylindrical. Thoracic segment III and abdominal segment I with areas of spines or setae ventrally, abdominal segments II–VII with areas of spines dorsally and ventrally. Spiracular lobes reduced, stigmal area with two elongate pigmented spots on ventral side.</p><p>Pupa with elongate, cylindrical prothoracic horns bearing row of rounded spiracular cells along dorsal and ventral margins. Terminal segment of male rounded, with transverse dorsal carina in middle section. Areas of spines on abdominal segments III–VII situated on both dorsal and ventral sides.</p><p>Larvae develop in various habitats, usually under bark of trunks of deciduous trees (oak, beech, linden, poplar and alder) infected with fungi.</p><p>Subgenus includes 209 extant species (Oosterbroek, 2016) and no fossil species (Evenhuis, 2014). It has a worldwide distribution with highest diversity of 138 species in Neotropics. Twenty species are known from Palearctic (Oosterbroek, 2016).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F087CEFFD6FFC4FF21FA202DE765E2	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Podenas, Sigitas;Byun, Hye-Woo;Kim, Sam-Kyu	Podenas, Sigitas, Byun, Hye-Woo, Kim, Sam-Kyu (2016): Rhipidia crane flies (Diptera: Limoniidae) from Korea. Zootaxa 4136 (3): 515-536, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4136.3.5
03F087CEFFD1FFC4FF21FCDE298C612F.text	03F087CEFFD1FFC4FF21FCDE298C612F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Rhipidia Meigen 1818	<div><p>Key to Korean Rhipidia Meigen, 1818 species</p><p>1. Male and female antenna serrate. Flagellomeres 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11 and 12 dark brown, flagellomeres 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 yellow (Fig. 5)........................................................... Rhipidia (Rhipidia) septentrionis Alexander, 1913</p><p>-. Male antenna pectinate (Figs. 1, 3, 4), female antenna serrate (Fig. 2). Flagellum more or less uniformly colored.......... 2</p><p>2. Thoracical pleuron more or less uniformly colored, without longitudinal stripe. Vein Sc comparatively short, Sc1 reaching slightly beyond base of Rs (Fig. 7)...................................... Rhipidia (Rhipidia) maculata Meigen, 1818</p><p>-. Thoracical pleuron with dark longitudinal stripe. Vein Sc longer, Sc1 reaching at least one-third of Rs length (Figs. 6, 8, 9, 22)..................................................................................................... 3</p><p>3. Dark spot at the middle between arculus and base of Rs large, nearly reaching vein M posteriorly, vein Sc1 reaching one-third of Rs length at most (Fig. 8). Male antenna with six bipectinate flagellomeres (Fig. 4)............................................................................................. Rhipidia (Rhipidia) sejuga Zhang, Li, Yang, 2014</p><p>-. Dark spot at the middle between arculus and base of Rs small, hardly extending beyond vein R, vein Sc1 nearly reaching middle of Rs length (Figs. 6, 22). Male antenna with eight bipectinate flagellomeres (Figs. 1, 21)......................... 4</p><p>4. Rs arcuate at base (Fig. 6). Male genitalia with long rostral spines (Figs. 10, 11)................................................................................................... Rhipidia (Rhipidia) longa Zhang, Li, Yang, 2014</p><p>-. Rs angulate at base (Fig. 22). Male genitalia with very short rostral spines (Figs. 23, 24)....................................................................................................... Rhipidia (Rhipidia) serena sp. nov.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F087CEFFD1FFC4FF21FCDE298C612F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Podenas, Sigitas;Byun, Hye-Woo;Kim, Sam-Kyu	Podenas, Sigitas, Byun, Hye-Woo, Kim, Sam-Kyu (2016): Rhipidia crane flies (Diptera: Limoniidae) from Korea. Zootaxa 4136 (3): 515-536, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4136.3.5
03F087CEFFD1FFC8FF21FA2C2FC36143.text	03F087CEFFD1FFC8FF21FA2C2FC36143.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Rhipidia (Rhipidia) longa Zhang, Li, Yang 2014	<div><p>Rhipidia (Rhipidia) longa Zhang, Li, Yang, 2014</p><p>(Figs. 1, 2, 6, 10, 11, 17)</p><p>Rhipidia (Rhipidia) longa Zhang, Li, Yang, 2014: 218 –221.</p><p>Description. Body brown, dusted with bluish gray. Body length of male 4.45–6.55 mm, of female 5.40–8.10 mm. Wing length of male 5.55–7.10 mm, of female 6.20–9.80 mm.</p><p>Head dark brown to black, dusted with gray, narrowly gray at eye margin, covered with sparse medium-long semi-erect brownish setae. Eyes large, narrowly separated dorsally, reaching each other ventrally in both sexes. Length of male antennae 1.50–2.10 mm, reaching to about middle of prescutum when bent backwards. Antenna of female 1.25–1.55 mm long, reaching slightly beyond frontal margin of prescutum when bent backwards. Male antenna (Fig. 1) bipectinate. Scape nearly cylindrical, brown, slightly dusted with gray and bearing few short erect setae on dorsal surface. Pedicel same color as scape, short, pear-shaped. Flagellum 12-segmented. Basal flagellomere brown, with short single lobe and distinct pale apical pedicel. Flagellomeres two to nine with two branches each, widened at base. Widening brown, base and distal half pale, branches brown, longest 1.7 times as long as flagellomere itself. Tenth flagellomere with one short branch, brown with whitish base. Eleventh flagellomere short, widened distally. Apical flagellomere spindle-shaped, nearly twice as long as preceding segment. Longest verticils slightly longer than corresponding flagellomeres. Short, erect, whitish pubescence covers branches of flagellomeres, nearly missing on flagellomeres themselves. Female antenna (Fig. 2) serrate, brownish with distinct pale apical pedicels. Rostrum dark brown, covered with sparse grayish pubescence. Palpus and labellum dark brown to black, covered with brown erect setae.</p><p>Cervical sclerites dark brown. Pronotum light brown dorsally, dark brown laterally, slightly dusted with gray. Prescutum light brown, densely dusted with gray, with wide dark brown median stripe. Lateral stripes indistinct, slightly darker than background. Pseudosutural fovea not distinctly lighter than surrounding area. Scutal lobe brown, covered with gray pubescence. Area between lobes gray. Scutellum densely covered with gray pubescence, brown background visible posteriorly. Mediotergite gray with narrow median line and irregular brownish spots fronto-laterally. Pleuron brown, densely dusted with gray, with a conspicuous brownish black longitudinal stripe, that extends from head to base of abdomen. Second indistinct line extends through frontal coxa and ventral part of katepisternum. Katepisternum covered with sparse long yellowish setae. Wing (Fig. 6) grayish, with four small brown spots on frontal margin, first at wing base, second surrounding additional cross-vein in cell sc, third covering tips of Sc1 and Sc2, fourth at distal end of R1 and R2; dark grayish suture at cord and lots of small grayish spots distributed in all cells and along longitudinal veins. Wing patterning varies from very dark with most small spots coalescent, to very light with small spots hardly visible. Veins brownish yellow with darkening in clouded areas. Venation: Sc1 reaching between one-third to middle of Rs length. Sc2 close to tip of Sc1. Additional cross-vein present at middle of cell sc. R2 nearly transverse, at tip of R1. Rs long, slightly arched at base. R3 and R4+5 long and nearly parallel to each other. Cross-vein r-m well developed, at base of discal cell. Discal cell elongate, slightly more than twice as long as wide. Basal deflection of CuA1 distinctly before branching point of M. First anal vein nearly straight, second anal vein arched before wing margin. Anal angle wide, posterior margin widely rounded. Length of male halter 0.70–0.80 mm, of female 0.75–0.90 mm long. Stem of halter pale, base brownish yellow, knob slightly darkened, brownish yellow. Coxae brown, dusted with gray. Frontal coxa pale yellow distally with indistinct darkening at middle. Trochanter pale yellow with dark brown rim on distal margin. Coxae and trochanters covered with yellowish setae. Femur brownish yellow with pale base and darkened distal end. Tibia brownish, distal end slightly darkened. Tarsus brownish at base, turning dark brown distally. Leg covered with short, adjacent brown setae. Male femur I: 4.2–4.9 mm, II: 4.4–5.7 mm, III: 4.1–6.1 mm, tibiae I: 5.0– 5.6 mm, II: 4.5–5.6 mm, III: 4.7–6.3 mm, tarsus I: 5.9–6.7 mm, II: 4.3–5.4 mm, III: 4.5–5.6 mm long. Female femur I: 4.1–5.6 mm long, II: 4.1–6.2 mm, III: 4.6–6.3 mm, tibiae I: 4.2–6.2 mm, II: 4.2–5.9 mm, III: 4.2–6.9 mm, tarsus I: 5.1–6.4 mm, II: 4.1–5.7 mm, III: 4.1–5.7 mm. Claw with subbasal spine, light brown basally, turning dark brown distally.</p><p>Abdominal tergites semi-polished, dark brown to black, slightly dusted with gray. Sternites lighter than tergites. Abdominal sclerites covered with semi-erect whitish setae. Male genitalia (Figs. 10, 11) brownish yellow, setose. Ninth tergite transverse, posterior margin slightly emarginate at middle. Gonocoxite slightly elongate, with large blunt apexed setose ventro-mesal lobe. Outer gonostylus narrow, strongly sclerotised, blackened distally, point-apexed, arched at distal end and reaching middle or slightly beyond middle of inner gonostylus. Inner gonostylus oval with long, narrow rostral prolongation usually armed at middle with four, sometimes with three to five long subapical setae. Distal end of rostral prolongation beyond spines long, narrow. Fleshy, rounded lobe situated on dorsal surface of inner gonostylus above rostral prolongation. Paramere wide basally with distinctly narrowed blackish distal part. Penis long, simple, slightly narrower distally, extending beyond tips of parameres. Ninth sternite simple. Ovipositor (Fig. 17) brownish gray at base, distal part of cercus and hypovalva grayish yellow. Cercus long, narrow, slightly arched upwards, tip rounded. Ventral part of eight sternite slightly inflated, hypovalva wide at base, turning narrower distally, reaching to about four fifths of cercus.</p><p>Variation. Two females, collected on August 8, 1940 show some atypical wing venation. One female has elongate, Limonia -like R1 and basal deflection of CuA1 at branching point of M on both wings. Another female has short, usual R1, but basal deflection of CuA1 of left wing is at branching point of M, that of right wing is slightly before branching point of M. Elongate R1 is unusual for all Rhipidia and most species have CuA1 distinctly before branching point of M, only R. septentrionis has basal deflection of CuA1 slightly beyond branching point of M.</p><p>Elevation range in Korea. Adult specimens were collected at altitudes from slightly less than 100 m to 800 m.</p><p>Period of activity. Adults are flying from middle of May through end of August in Korea.</p><p>Habitat. Adults were collected in forested areas close to small and medium-sized mountainous streams.</p><p>FIGURES 6–9. Wings of Rhipidia (Rhipidia) . 6: R. (R.) longa; 7: R. (R.) maculata; 8: R. (R.) sejuga; 9: R. (R.) septentrionis . Abbreviations: arc, arculus; d, discal cell; h, humerus.</p><p>General distribution. Species was previously known only from China.</p><p>Specimens examined (Fig. 27): 1 male (pinned), Corea, Seren Mts., 5–6000‘, X.9, 1937, Yankovsky (USNM); 1 female (pinned), N. Korea, Chonsani, 4500 ft., VI–29–40 [1940], coll. Yankovsky (USNM); 2 females (pinned), N. Korea, Pontani Paiktusan, 6300 ft., VIII–8–1940, coll. Yankovsky (USNM); 1 male (pinned), Korea, Prov. Kangwon, Mt. Kum-gang san, 9–28.VIII.1971, leg. J. Papp, Horvatovich (HNHM); 3 males, 4 females (in ethanol), S. Korea, Gangwon-do, Pyeongchang-gun, Daegwallyeong-myeon, Yongsan-ri, Mt. Balwangsan, N37.4513889, E128.868333, 2008.07.19, J. D. Yeo, M. J. Jeon &amp; K. G. Kim, malaise trap (NIBR); 2 females (in ethanol), S. Korea, Gangwon-do, Pyeongchang-gun, Daehwa-myeon, Haanmi-ri, Mt. Gariwangsan, N37.4502778, E128.503056, 2009.05.13–06.03, W. Y. Choi et al, malaise trap (NIBR); 2 males, 1 female (in ethanol), S. Korea, Gangwon-do, Pyeongchang-gun, Jinbu-myeon, Jangjeon-ri, Mt. Gariwangsan, N37.4877778, E128.545278, 2009.06.04–17, J. D. Yeo &amp; J. D., malaise trap (NIBR); 1 female (in ethanol), S. Korea, Gangwon-do, Pyeongchang-gun, Daehwa-myeon, Haanmi-ri, Mt. Gariwangsan, N37.4502778, E128.503056, 2009.06.17–07.04, W. Y. Choi, malaise trap (NIBR); 1 female (in ethanol), S. Korea, Gangwon-do, Pyeongchang-gun, Jinbu-myeon, Jangjeon-ri, Mt. Gariwangsan, N37.4877778, E128.545278, 2009.06.17–07.04, W. Y. Choi, malaise trap (NIBR); 7 males, 5 females (in ethanol), S. Korea, Gangwon-do, Pyeongchang-gun, Jinbu-myeon, Jangjeon-ri, Mt. Gariwangsan, N37.4877778, E128.545278, 2009.07.05–09.02, W.Y. Choi et al, malaise trap (NIBR); 1 male (in ethanol), S. Korea, Gangwon-do, Jeongseon-gun, Imgye-myeon, Dojeon-ri, N37.5358333, E128.902778, alt. 761.8 m, 2011.05.24–06.23, H.-W. Byun et al, malaise trap (NIBR); 1 female (in ethanol), S. Korea, Gangwon-do, Injegun, Sangnam-myeon, Misan-ri, 2011.05.30–06.26, H.-W. Byun et al, malaise trap (NIBR); 1 male (in ethanol), S. Korea, Gangwon-do, Donghae-si, Igi-dong, N37.4877778, E129.0116667, alt. 88.8 m, 2011.08.04–09.07, H.-W. Byun et al, malaise trap (NIBR); 1 male, 1 female (in ethanol), S. Korea, Gangwon-do, Pyeongchang-gun, Jinbumyeon, Tapdong-ri, Odaesan NP, St. 1, N37.71822, E128.54175, alt. 800 m, 2013.04.30–05.27, Park S.-J., Oh S.- B., malaise trap (NIBR); 1 male (in ethanol), S. Korea, Jeollanam-do, Gurye, Toji-myeon, Naedong-ri, N35.26580, E127.58128, alt. 378 m, 2013.05.11 (6), S. Podenas, at light (NIBR); 2 males, 2 females (in ethanol), S. Korea, Gangwon-do, Hongcheon-gun, Nae-myeon, Yuljeon-ri, N37.73849, E128.34566, alt. 798 m, 2014.08.21 (1), S. Podenas (NIBR); 1 female (in ethanol), S. Korea, Gangwon-do, Pyeongchang-gun, Yongpyeong-myeon, Nodongri, N37.67212, E128.46118, alt. 733 m, 2014.08.21 (3), S. Kim, S. Podenas (NIBR); 1 female (in ethanol), S. Korea, Gangwon-do, Pyeongchang-gun, Yongpyeong-myeon, Nodong-ri, N37.70303, E128.48302, alt. 802 m, 2014.08.21 (4), S. Kim, S. Podenas (NIBR); 2 females (in ethanol), S. Korea, Gangwon-do, Chuncheon-si, Dongsan-myeon, Bongmyeong-ri, KNU experimental forest, N37.77906, E128.81564, alt. 233 m, 2014.08.22 (1), S. Kim and S. Podenas (NIBR); 1 male (in ethanol), S. Korea, Gangwon-do, Pyeongchang-gun, Jinbu-myeon, Jangjeon-ri, (Moss valley), N37.47153, E128.54305, alt. 769 m, 2014.08.22 (2), S. Kim and S. Podenas (NIBR); 1 male (in ethanol), 4 females (pinned), S. Korea, Jeollanam-do, Gurye-gun, Toji-myeon, Naeseo-ri, Jirisan NP, Piagol valley, N35.26590, E127.58096, alt. 446 m, 2014.08.24, S. Podenas, at light (NIBR); 1 male (pinned), S. Korea, Jeollanam-do, Gurye-gun, Toji-myeon, Naeseo-ri, Jirisan NP, Piagol valley, N35.26590, E127.58096, alt. 446 m, 2014.08.25, S. Podenas, at light (NIBR); 1 male (in ethanol), S. Korea, Jeollanam-do, Gurye-gun, Tojimyeon, Naeseo-ri, Piagol valley, N35.26590, E127.58096, alt. 446 m, 2015.07.0 3 (2), S. Podenas, at light (NIBR); 1 male (in ethanol), S. Korea, Gangwon-do, Yangyang-gun, Seo-myeon, Osaek-ri, Seoraksan NP, N38.08420, E128.45026, alt. 415 m, 2015.07.0 7 (2), coll. S. Kim, S. Podenas (NIBR).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F087CEFFD1FFC8FF21FA2C2FC36143	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Podenas, Sigitas;Byun, Hye-Woo;Kim, Sam-Kyu	Podenas, Sigitas, Byun, Hye-Woo, Kim, Sam-Kyu (2016): Rhipidia crane flies (Diptera: Limoniidae) from Korea. Zootaxa 4136 (3): 515-536, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4136.3.5
03F087CEFFDDFFCBFF21FAC328AD64B7.text	03F087CEFFDDFFCBFF21FAC328AD64B7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Rhipidia (Rhipidia) maculata Meigen 1818	<div><p>Rhipidia (Rhipidia) maculata Meigen, 1818</p><p>(Figs. 3, 7, 12, 13, 18)</p><p>Rhipidia maculata Meigen, 1818: 153; Zhang et al., 2014: 221 –223;</p><p>Dicranomyia duplicata Doane, 1900: 185;</p><p>Limonia duplicata Edwards, 1938: 45; Alexander, 1967: 88;</p><p>Limonia maculata lecontei Alexander, 1940: 624;</p><p>Rhipidia duplicata Lackschewitz, Pagast, 1942: 53, 54; Savchenko, Krivolutskaya, 1976: 125; Savchenko, 1983: 116; 1985: 57; 1989: 342.</p><p>Description. Dark grayish brown species. Body length of male 4.1–4.9 mm, of female 4.8–6.9 mm. Wing length of male 7.1–8.6 mm, of female 6.6–9.6 mm.</p><p>Head dark brown, slightly dusted with gray, narrowly gray at eye margin, covered with sparse short semi-erect light brown setae. Eyes large, narrowly separated dorsally, reaching each other ventrally in both sexes. Length of male antennae approximately 1.3 mm, reaching to posterior margin of prothorax when bent backwards. Antenna of female 1.15–1.45 mm long, also reaching to about posterior margin of prothorax when bent backwards. Male antenna (Fig. 3) bipectinate. Scape nearly cylindrical, approximately 2.5 times as long as wide, dark brown and bearing few short erect setae on dorsal surface. Pedicel as long as wide distally, narrower proximally, dark brown. Flagellum 12-segmented. Basal flagellomere oval, dark brown. Flagellomeres two to ten with two branches each, widened at base. Widening brown, base and distal half whitish, branches brown, longest 1.5 times as long as flagellomere itself. Eleventh flagellomere with one short branch, brown, with whitish base. Apical flagellomere spindle-shaped, 1.5 times as long as preceding segment, brown with whitish base. Longest verticils 1.2 times as long as respective segments, shorter than branches. Short, erect, whitish pubescence covers branches of flagellomeres, nearly absent on flagellomeres. Female antenna serrate. Rostrum brown, covered with sparse grayish pubescence. Basal palpomeres brown, distal palpomere dark brown to brown. Palpomeres covered with short erect brown setae. Mouth parts slightly extended, same color as rostrum.</p><p>Cervical sclerites and pronotum dark brown covered with dense gray pubescence. Prescutum brownish gray with wide dark brown median stripe. Lateral stripes missing in most specimens, sometimes present as indistinct brown spots. Pseudosutural fovea surrounded by lighter, brownish area. Scutal lobe dark brown, covered with dense gray pubescence bearing submarginal irregular dark brown spot frontally and medially. Some specimens with light brown spot on postero-lateral margin. Scutellum brownish gray with dark brown median line.</p><p>Mediotergite uniformly gray. Pleuron brown in direct light, or with visible wide longitudinal lines with small dark spot beneath it when light struck at an angle. Katepisternum with few long yellowish setae. Wing (Fig. 7) grayish, with four large grayish brown spots on frontal margin, first at wing base, second between it and base of Rs, third covering base of Rs and tip of Sc, fourth at distal end of R1 and R2; dark suture at cord with lots of small spots distributed in all cells and along longitudinal veins. Wing patterning varies from very dark with most small spots coalescent, to very light with small spots hardly visible. Veins brownish gray. Venation: Sc comparatively short, Sc1 reaching slightly beyond base of Rs in typical case, or somewhat longer, reaching to about one fourth of Rs in atypical specimens. Sc2 close to tip of Sc1. Additional cross-vein present at middle of cell sc. R2 nearly transverse, at tip of R1. Rs long, distinctly arched at base. R3 and R4+5 long and nearly parallel to each other. Cross-vein r-m well developed, at base of discal cell. Discal cell elongate, twice as long as wide. Basal deflection of CuA1 slightly before branching point of M. First anal vein nearly straight, second anal vein slightly arched at apex. Anal angle wide, posterior margin widely rounded. Length of male halter about 0.9 mm, of female 0.7–0.9 mm long. Stem of halter pale, base yellowish, knob darkened, blackish. Coxae dark brown dorsally and yellowish ventrally, dusted with gray. Trochanter yellow with dark brown rim on distal margin. Coxae and trochanters covered with comparatively long semi-erect yellowish setae. Femur brownish yellow with pale base and darkened distal end. Darkening widest on frontal femur, narrower on second and third pair. Tibia brownish yellow, distal end slightly darkened. Tarsus brownish at base, turning dark brown distally. Leg covered with short, adjacent brown setae. Male femur I: 4.2 mm, II: 4.4 mm, III: 5.3 mm, tibiae I: 5.2 mm, II: 5.3 mm, III: 5.8 mm, tarsus II: 5.2 mm, III: 5.2 mm long. Female femur I: 5.1–5.6 mm, II: 4.5–4.9 mm, III: 5.1–6.5 mm long, tibiae I: 5.7–6.7 mm, II: 4.7–5.6 mm, III: 5.8–7.2 mm, tarsus I: 6.7 mm, II: 4.4–5.6 mm, III: 4.7–6.3 mm. Claw dark brown with subbasal spine.</p><p>Abdominal tergites semi-polished, grayish brown with slightly darkened posterior margins. Sternites yellowish at base, widely darkened posteriorly and laterally. Abdominal sclerites covered with semi-erect yellowish setae. Male genitalia (Figs. 12, 13) grayish brown, setose. Ninth tergite transverse, posterior margin slightly emarginate at middle, lateral margins slightly raised. Gonocoxite comparatively short, slightly longer than wider at base, with large blunt apexed setose ventro-mesal lobe. Outer gonostylus narrow, strongly sclerotised, blackened distally, point-apexed, slightly arched and reaching slightly beyond middle of inner gonostylus. Inner gonostylus oval with large rostral prolongation, armed with few long subapical setae. Distal end of rostral prolongation beyond spines short, wide, its length slightly varies among specimens. Number of spines varies from four to eight, with six being the standard number based on numerous specimens from Asia and Europe. Fleshy, rounded lobe situated on dorsal surface of inner gonostylus above rostral prolongation. Paramere wide basally with distinctly narrowed blackish distal part with slightly arched tip. Penis long, simple, slightly narrower distally. It extends beyond tips of parameres. Ninth sternite simple. Ovipositor (Fig. 18) brownish. Cercus long and narrow, slightly arched upwards. Ventral part of eight sternite slightly inflated, hypovalva wide at base, turning narrower distally, reaching to about four fifths of cercus.</p><p>Elevation range in Korea. Adult specimens were collected at altitudes from slightly above 600 m to nearly 2000 m.</p><p>Period of activity. Adults are flying from middle of June through end of August in Korea.</p><p>Habitat. Adults were collected close to agricultural fields surrounded by forest. Species is attracted to light.</p><p>General distribution. Species is widely distributed throughout Holarctic and Oriental Regions.</p><p>Specimens examined (Fig. 28): 1 female (pinned), Corea, Mt. Kongo, Oct. 16, 1933, J. Machida (USNM); 1 female (pinned), N. Korea, Chonsani, VI–13–1940, 5700 ft., coll. Yankovsky (USNM); 1 female (pinned), N. Korea, Chonsani, VI–20–40 [1940], 4000 ft., coll. Yankovsky (USNM); 1 female (pinned), N. Korea, Chonsani, VI–26–40 [1940], 3500 ft., coll. Yankovsky (USNM); 1 female (pinned), N. Korea, Pontani Paiktusan, VII–28–40 [1940], 5500 ft., coll. Yankovsky (USNM); 1 female (pinned), N. Korea, Pontani Paiktusan, VII–29–40 [1940], 6100 ft., coll. Yankovsky (USNM); 1 female (pinned), N. Korea, Pontani Paiktusan, VIII–1–40 [1940], 6350 ft., coll. Yankovsky (USNM); 1 female (pinned), N. Korea, Pontani Paiktusan, VIII–2–40 [1940], 5000–6000 ft., coll. Yankovsky (USNM); 1 female (pinned), N. Korea, Pontani Paiktusan, VIII–5–1940, 5000–6000 ft., coll. Yankovsky (USNM); 1 female (pinned), N. Korea, Pontani Paiktusan, VIII–8–40 [1940], 5800–6370 ft., coll. Yankovsky (USNM); 1 female (pinned), N. Korea, Pontani Paiktusan, VIII–20–1940, 6300 ft., coll. Yankovsky (USNM); 1 male, 2 females (pinned), N. Korea, Pontani Paiktusan, VIII–23–40 [1940], 6370 ft., coll. Yankovsky (USNM); 1 female (pinned), N. Korea, Pontani Paiktusan, VIII–25–40 [1940], 6000–6370 ft., coll. Yankovsky (USNM); 1 male (in ethanol, wing and antenna slide mounted), S. Korea, Gangwon-do, Pyeongchang-gun, at the entrance to Odaesan National Park, N37.71187, E128.60077, alt. 633 m, 2012.06.22 (4), S. Podenas, at light (NIBR); 1 female (in ethanol), S. Korea, Gangwon-do, Pyeongchang-gun, Daegwallyeong-myeon, Byeongnae-ri, Odaesan NP, N37.70812, E128.61803, alt. 669 m, 2015.07.0 6 (3), S. Kim, S. Podenas (NIBR).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F087CEFFDDFFCBFF21FAC328AD64B7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Podenas, Sigitas;Byun, Hye-Woo;Kim, Sam-Kyu	Podenas, Sigitas, Byun, Hye-Woo, Kim, Sam-Kyu (2016): Rhipidia crane flies (Diptera: Limoniidae) from Korea. Zootaxa 4136 (3): 515-536, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4136.3.5
03F087CEFFDEFFCDFF21FEDD2830634B.text	03F087CEFFDEFFCDFF21FEDD2830634B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Rhipidia (Rhipidia) sejuga Zhang, Li, Yang 2014	<div><p>Rhipidia (Rhipidia) sejuga Zhang, Li, Yang, 2014</p><p>(Figs. 4, 8, 14, 15, 19)</p><p>Rhipidia (Rhipidia) sejuga Zhang, Li, Yang, 2014: 227 –229.</p><p>Description. Brownish species based on mostly faded old available studied specimens. Body length of male 4.2– 5.9 mm, of female 4.2–7.3 mm. Wing length of male 5.1–7.3 mm, of female 6.2–8.6 mm.</p><p>Head brown, dusted with silvery gray and covered with sparse short semi-erect brown setae. Eyes large, narrowly separated dorsally, nearly reaching each other ventrally in both sexes. Length of male antennae 1.0– 1.3 mm, reaching slightly beyond frontal margin of prothorax when bent backwards. Antenna of female 1.2–1.3 mm long, reaching frontal margin of prothorax when bent backwards. Male antenna (Fig. 4) bipectinate. Scape nearly cylindrical, approximately 2.5 times as long as wide, brown and bearing few short erect setae on dorsal surface. Pedicel as long as wide, widening distally, brown. Flagellum 12-segmented. Basal flagellomere short, slightly widened ventrally, brown with distinct pale apical pedicel. Flagellomeres two to seven with two branches each, widened at base. Widening brown, base and distal half pale, branches brown, longest slightly exceeding flagellomere itself. Eight and ninth flagellomeres with one short branch on ventral side, brown, each with pale apical pedicel. Tenth and eleventh flagellomeres elongate not pectinate. Apical flagellomere spindle-shaped, about 1.5 times as long as preceding segment, brown with whitish base. Longest verticils 1.1 times as long as respective segments, approximately as long as branches. Short, erect, whitish pubescence covers branches of flagellomeres nearly absent on flagellomeres themselves. Female antenna serrate. Rostrum brown, covered with sparse grayish pubescence. Palpus brown, palpomeres covered with short erect brown setae. Mouth parts slightly extended, same color as rostrum.</p><p>Cervical sclerites semi-polished, brown. Pronotum brown with narrowly yellowish posterior margin. Prescutum light brown with wide brown median stripe, darker frontally. Indistinct lateral stripes nearly entirely coalesce with median in some specimens and nearly missing in other, only anterior part preserved as darker spot. Pseudosutural fovea surrounded by lighter area. Scutal lobe light brown, postero-lateral margin yellowish. Area between scutal lobes dusted with gray. Scutellum brown, laterally and posteriorly densely covered with gray pubescence. Mediotergite yellowish brown with narrow median vitta posteriorly, which entirely absent in some specimens. Pleuron brown with wide brown longitudinal stripe extending from head to abdomen; narrow, less distinct stripe extending through katepisternum and middle coxa, areas other than stripes covered with dense gray pubescence. Katepisternum with few long yellowish setae. Wing (Fig. 8) brownish to grayish, with four grayish brown spots on frontal margin, first at wing base, second between it and base of Rs, surrounding additional crossvein in cell sc, third covering tip of Sc1 and Sc2, fourth at distal end of R1 and R2; grayish suture at cord with lots of small grayish spots distributed in all cells and along longitudinal veins. Veins brownish yellow, brown in darkened areas. Venation: Sc1 reaching to about one third of Rs. Sc2 close to tip of Sc1. Additional cross-vein present at middle of cell sc. R2 oblique, at tip of R1. Rs long, slightly arched at base. R3 and R4+5 long, cell r3 narrower towards wing margin. Cross-vein r-m well developed, at base of discal cell. Discal cell elongate, slightly more than twice as long as wide. Basal deflection of CuA1 slightly before branching point of M. First anal vein nearly straight, second anal vein arched before wing margin. Anal angle wide, posterior margin widely rounded. Length of male halter 0.8–0.9 mm, of female 0.7–0.9 mm long. Stem of halter pale, base yellowish, knob slightly darkened. Coxae brown dorsally and yellowish ventrally, dusted with gray. Trochanter yellow with dark brown rim on distal margin. Coxae and trochanters covered with comparatively long yellowish setae. Femur brownish yellow with widely darkened distal end. Tibia brownish yellow, distal end slightly darkened. Two basal tarsomeres brownish yellow with slightly darkened apices, remaining tarsomeres brown. Leg covered with short, adjacent brownish setae. Male femur I: 3.75–4.70 mm, II: 4.35–5.10 mm, III: 3.9 0–5.35 mm, tibiae I: 4.10–6.00 mm, II: 5.10–5.30 mm, III: 3.25–6.10 mm, tarsus I: 4.30–6.70 mm, II: 4.40–5.25 mm, III: 3.9 0–5.30 mm long. Female femur I: 4.2–5.3 mm long, II: 4.0– 6.2 mm, III: 4.2–6.7 mm, tibiae I: 4.5–6.1 mm, II: 4.1–5.7 mm, III: 4.5–7.4 mm, tarsus I: 5.3–7.3 mm, II: 4. 0–5.9 mm, III: 5. 0–5.8 mm. Claw brownish with small subbasal spine.</p><p>Abdominal tergites and sternites semi-polished. Tergites grayish-light brown, posterior margins narrowly gray. Sternites yellowish brown. Abdominal sclerites covered with semi-erect yellowish setae. Male genitalia (Figs. 14, 15) brownish yellow. Ninth tergite transverse, posterior margin slightly emarginate at middle. Gonocoxite elongate with large blunt-apexed setose ventro-mesal lobe. Outer gonostylus narrow, strongly sclerotised, darkened distally, point-apexed, arched and reaching to about middle of inner gonostylus. Inner gonostylus oval with large rostral prolongation usually armed with six long subapical setae. Distal end of rostral prolongation beyond spines short, blunt-apexed. Fleshy, rounded lobe situated on dorsal surface of inner gonostylus above rostral prolongation. Paramere wide basally with distinctly narrowed blackish distal part. Penis long, simple, slightly narrower distally, extending beyond tips of parameres. Ninth sternite simple. Ovipositor (Fig. 19) grayish at base, distal part of cercus and hypovalva grayish yellow. Cercus long and narrow, slightly arched upwards, tip point-apexed. Ventral part of eight sternite slightly inflated, hypovalva wide at base, turning distinctly narrower distally, reaching to about middle of cercus, tip point-apexed.</p><p>Elevation range in Korea. This species has a wide range of altitudinal distribution; adult specimens have been collected at altitudes from 40 m to above 2100 m.</p><p>Period of activity. Adults are flying from late May through middle of October in Korea.</p><p>Habitat. Adults were collected in abandoned agricultural fields surrounded by forest and near small rivulet surrounded by deciduous trees and agricultural fields.</p><p>General distribution. Species was known only from Eastern China (Beijing, Hebei).</p><p>Specimens examined (Fig. 29): 1 male (pinned), Corea, Mt. Kongo, Oct. 14, ’33 [1933], J. Machida (USNM); 1 male (pinned), Corea, Mt. Kongo, Oct. 16, 1933, J. Machida (USNM); 1 female (pinned), Corea, Seren Mts., 5– 6000‘, X.9, 1937, Yankovsky (USNM); 2 males (on same pin), North Korea, Ompo, 150‘, V–25–1938, Yankovsky (USNM); 1 male (pinned), North Korea, Ompo, 300 ft., VI–3–1938, Yankovsky (USNM); 1 male (pinned), North Korea, Seren Mts., 2500 ft., VI–17–1938, Yankovsky (USNM); 1 male (pinned), North Korea, Seren Mts., 6000 ft., VI–25–1938, Yankovsky (USNM); 1 male, 1 female (pinned), North Korea, Seren Mts., 5500 ft., VI–25–1938, Yankovsky (USNM); 1 male (pinned), North Korea, Seren Mts., 3500 ft., IX–14–1938, Yankovsky (USNM); 3 males (on same pin), North Korea, Kankyo Nando, Puksu Pyaksan, alt. 4200 ft., VI–6–1939, A. Yankovsky (USNM); 1 male, 1 female (pinned), North Korea, Kankyo Nando, Puksu Pyaksan, alt. 7000 ft., VI–8–1939, A. Yankovsky (USNM); 2 females (pinned), North Korea, Chonsani, 4000 ft., VI–20–40 [1940], coll. Yankovsky (USNM); 1 female (pinned), North Korea, Chonsani, 4000 ft., VI–27–40 [1940], coll. Yankovsky (USNM); 2 females (pinned), North Korea, Pontani Paiktusan, 3500 ft., VII–28–40 [1940], coll. Yankovsky (USNM); 2 females (pinned), North Korea, Pontani Paiktusan, 6100 ft., VII–29–40 [1940], coll. Yankovsky (USNM); 1 female (pinned), North Korea, Pontani Paiktusan, 6200 ft., VII–29–40 [1940], coll. Yankovsky (USNM); 1 female (pinned), North Korea, Pontani Paiktusan, 5000-6000 ft., VIII–2–40 [1940], coll. Yankovsky (USNM); 1 female (pinned), North Korea, Pontani Paiktusan, 5800–6372 ft., VIII–4–40 [1940], coll. Yankovsky (USNM); 1 female (pinned), North Korea, Pontani Paiktusan, 6372 ft., VIII–8–1940, coll. Yankovsky (USNM); 1 male (pinned), North Korea, Pontani Paiktusan, 6100 ft., VIII–10–1940, coll. Yankovsky (USNM); 1 female (pinned), North Korea, Pontani Paiktusan, 6200 ft., VIII–10–1940, coll. Yankovsky (USNM); 1 female (pinned), North Korea, Pontani Paiktusan, 6370 ft., VIII–23–1940, coll. Yankovsky (USNM); 1 female (pinned), Korea, #12, Hwy. #20, 8 mi. SW Kangnung, 128º47‘E, 37º42‘N, 8 June 1954, 1925‘, George W. Byers (KU); 1 female (pinned), Korea, #13, Hwy. #20, 8 mi. SW Kangnung, 128º47‘E, 37º42‘N, 9 June 1954, 1925‘, George W. Byers (KU); 2 males, 3 females (pinned), Korea, Prov. S. Kangwon, Mts. Sorak-san, cca 700 m, 38º05‘20“N, 128º23‘18“E, 12.X.2001, leg A. Kun &amp; L. Ronkay (HNHM); 1 female (in ethanol), S. Korea, Geojedo island, N34.72538, E128.62608, alt. 52 m, 2014.08.30 (2), S. Podenas (NIBR); 1 female (pinned), S. Korea, Jeollanam-do, Gurye-gun, Toji-myeon, Naeseo-ri, Piagol valley, N35.26590, E127.58096, alt. 446 m, 2015.06.30 (3) S. Podenas, at light (NIBR); 1 male (in ethanol), S. Korea, Gangwon-do, Pyeongchang-gun, Daegwallyeong-myeon, Byeongnae-ri, Odaesan NP, N37.70812, E128.61803, alt. 669 m, 2015.07.06(3), S. Kim, S. Podenas (NIBR).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F087CEFFDEFFCDFF21FEDD2830634B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Podenas, Sigitas;Byun, Hye-Woo;Kim, Sam-Kyu	Podenas, Sigitas, Byun, Hye-Woo, Kim, Sam-Kyu (2016): Rhipidia crane flies (Diptera: Limoniidae) from Korea. Zootaxa 4136 (3): 515-536, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4136.3.5
03F087CEFFD8FFD0FF21F8CE2FB467A3.text	03F087CEFFD8FFD0FF21F8CE2FB467A3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Rhipidia (Rhipidia) septentrionis Alexander 1913	<div><p>Rhipidia (Rhipidia) septentrionis Alexander, 1913</p><p>(Figs. 5, 9, 16, 20)</p><p>Rhipidia pulchra septentrionis Alexander, 1913: 206 –207; 1920: 4–5;</p><p>Limonia (Rhipidia) septentrionis Alexander, 1953: 159; 1966: 123–124; Rhipidia (Rhipidia) septentrionalis Savchenko, Krivolutskaya, 1976: 126; Savchenko, 1983: 116; 1989: 344; Rhipidia (Rhipidia) septentrionis Zhang et al., 2014: 229 .</p><p>Description. Light brown species with castaneous brown dorsal part of thorax and distinct dark brown longitudinal stripe on pleuron. Body length of male 4.2–7.0 mm, of female 5.2–7.2 mm. Wing length of male 5.6–8.3 mm, of female 6.7–8.3 mm.</p><p>Head dark brown, slightly dusted with grayish, more intensely along eye margin, covered with sparse short semi-erect light brown setae. Eyes large, narrowly separated dorsally reaching each other ventrally in both sexes. Length of male antennae 0.8–1.2 mm, reaching to about posterior margin of prothorax when bent backwards. Antenna of female 0.9–1.6 mm long reaching to about posterior margin of prothorax when bent backwards. Antennae (Fig. 5) of both sexes similar. Scape nearly cylindrical, approximately 2.5 times as long as wide, dark brown bearing few short erect setae on dorsal surface. Pedicel nearly rounded, dark brown. Flagellum 12- segmented, flagellomeres with distinct apical pedicels, extending ventral side, not pectinate, as in most Rhipidia . Basal flagellomere brown, slightly wider, shorter than pedicel. Remaining flagellomeres, except apical one, decreasing in length, with comparatively longer ventral extension. Second flagellomere light brown with slightly darkened ventral side; third flagellomere light brown dorsally, distinctly darkened ventrally, fourth, sixth, eight and tenth segments yellow, remaining segments brown to dark brown. Apical segment elongate, dark brown, about twice as long as preceding segment. Verticils subequal to or slightly shorter than respective flagellomeres. Short, erect, grayish pubescence denser on ventral side of flagellum. Proximal part of rostrum brown dorsally, distal and ventral parts of rostrum dark brown. Basal palpomeres dark brown to black, distal segment brown with blackish apex. Palpomeres covered with short, erect, brown setae. Labella dark brown.</p><p>Cervical sclerites light brown dorsally, dark brown ventrally and laterally. Pronotum elongate, light yellowish brown with darkened lateral margins; few erect brown setae situated at frontal margin, erect setae on posterior margin arranged into transverse line. Dorsal part of thorax opaque castaneous brown. Brown area with distinct margins extends from frontal margin of prescutum, through scutal lobes, scutellum and dorsal part of mediotergite. Lateral margins of prescutum distinctly light brownish yellow, extending through dorsal part of pleura reaching base of abdomen and lateral margins of mediotergite. Ground color of pleuron light brownish yellow in most specimens, occasionally darker grayish or brownish yellow. Distinct wide dark brown line extends from head through cervical sclerites, base of halter, reaching base of abdomen. Narrow brown line extending longitudinally through dorsal parts of coxae and katepisternum. Small indistinct brownish spots usually present at wing base. Episternum bare without setae. Wing (Fig. 9) grayish, with evenly distributed small light brown spots. Large dark brown spot at distal end of Rs, small dark brown spots: at the middle of cell sc, at base of Rs, at Sc2, R2, at distal end of R3, at m-m, at branching point of Cu and close to the apex of A2. Veins brownish yellow. Venation: Sc1 comparatively long, reaching to about middle of Rs, Sc2 close to tip of Sc1. R2 nearly transverse, at tip of R1. Rs long, nearly straight. R3 and R4+5 long and nearly parallel to each other. Cross-vein r-m well developed, at base of discal cell. Discal cell long, three times as long as wide. Basal deflection of CuA1 slightly beyond branching point of M. First anal vein nearly straight, second anal vein distinctly arched at apex. Anal angle wide, posterior margin widely rounded. Length of male halter 0.65–1.00 mm, of female 0.65–1.05 mm long. Stem of halter pale to very light brownish, knob slightly infuscated. Coxae yellow with transverse brown line, frontal coxa with slightly infuscated frontal surface. Trochanter yellow. Coxae and trochanters covered with comparatively long semi-erect yellowish setae. Femur pale at base, turning brownish yellow towards distal end, with subapical brown ring, apex of posterior femur yellowish. Tibia uniformly brownish yellow with brown distal end. Basal tarsomere yellowish at base turning darker distally, apex brown, second and third tarsomeres brown with darkened distal ends, both distal tarsomeres uniformly dark brown. Leg covered with short, adjacent brownish setae. Male femur I: 4.00– 5.25 mm, II: 4.60–5.50 mm, III: 4.3 0–6.40 mm, tibiae I: 4.10–5.80 mm, II: 4.20–5.30 mm, III: 4.1 5–6.50 mm, tarsus I: 4.20– 6.30 mm, II: 3.70–4.70 mm, III: 3.60–5.10 mm long. Female femur I: 3.70–5.30 mm long, II: 4.40–5.70 mm, III: 4.40–6.20 mm, tibiae I: 4.10–5.30 mm, II: 4.30–5.30 mm, III: 4.50–5.90 mm, tarsus I: 4.2 0–5.50 mm, II: 3.70–4.80 mm, III: 3.90–4.80 mm. Claw dark brown, nearly straight with small narrow spine approximately at middle length.</p><p>Abdominal tergites semi-polished, light, yellowish-grayish brown with narrowly grayish posterior margins and narrow brown stripes extending along lateral margins. Four basal sternites yellow, remaining sternites brownish, covered with sparse grayish pruinosity. Distinct narrow brown line extends along lateral margins of all sternites. Tergites and sternites covered by erect grayish setae. Male genitalia (Fig. 16) brownish yellow, setose. Ninth tergite transverse, posterior margin slightly emarginate at middle, lateral margins slightly raised. Gonocoxite slightly longer than wider at base, with large blunt apexed setose ventro-mesal lobe. Outer gonostylus narrow, strongly sclerotised, blackened distally, slightly arched and reaching slightly beyond posterior margin of inner gonostylus. Inner gonostylus oval with large rostral prolongation bearing small tubercle with three long spines at the middle of posterior margin. Rostral prolongation narrower, arched beyond tubercle. Fleshy, rounded, weakly sclerotised lobe situated on dorsal surface of inner gonostylus. Paramere wide basally with distinctly narrowed black distal part, tip slightly arched, bearing small bump at the middle of outer margin. Penis long, simple, slightly narrower distally, extending beyond tips of parameres. Ovipositor (Fig. 20) generally grayish yellow. Cercus long, narrow, slightly arched upwards, brown at base, lighter apically. Ventral part of eight sternite slightly inflated, hypovalva wide at base, distinctly narrower distally, tip acute and slightly raised upwards.</p><p>Elevation range in Korea. Adult specimens were collected at altitudes from slightly above 40 m to nearly 2000 m.</p><p>Period of activity. Adults are flying from early May through middle of October.</p><p>Habitat. Adults were collected in dense deciduous grooves along steep slopes to mountainous stream. Both sexes are attracted toward the light.</p><p>General distribution. Species currently known from Far East of Russia, all largest islands of Japan and Eastern China.</p><p>Specimens examined (Fig. 30): 1 female (pinned), Corea, Seren Mts., 5–6000‘, X–9, 1937, Yankovsky (USNM); 1 male (pinned), North Korea, Ompo, 150 ft., V–5, 1938, Yankovsky (USNM); 1 male (pinned), North Korea, Seren Mts., alt. 6000 ft., VI–30, 1938, Yankovsky (USNM); 1 male, 1 female (on same pin), North Korea, Seren Mts., alt. 3500 ft., IX–14, 1938, Yankovsky (USNM); 3 males, 1 female (on same pin), North Korea, Seren Mts., alt. 4500 ft., IX–15, 1938, Yankovsky (USNM); 3 males, 2 females (pinned), North Korea, Seren Mts., alt. 2000 ft., X–9, 1938, Yankovsky (USNM); 1 male (pinned), North Korea, Kankyo Nando, Puksu Pyaksan, alt. 6000 ft., VI–30, 1939, A. Yankovsky (USNM); 2 males (on same pin), North Korea, Kankyo Nando, Puksu Pyaksan, alt. 4000 ft., Aug. 14, 1939, A. Yankovsky (USNM); 1 female (pinned), North Korea, Kankyo Nando, Puksu Pyaksan, alt. 5000 ft., Aug. 17, 1939, A. Yankovsky (USNM); 1 male, 2 females (on same pin), North Korea, Kankyo Nando, Puksu Pyaksan, alt. 5500 ft., VIII–17, 1939, A. Yankovsky (USNM); 1 male, 1 female (on same pin), [N. Korea, Kankyo Nando, Puksu Pyaksan], alt. 5000‘, Aug. 24, 1939, A. Yankovsky (USNM); 3 females (pinned), N. Korea, Chonsani, 4500 ft., VI–26, 1940, Yankovsky (USNM); 1 female (pinned), N. Korea, Chonsani, 4000 ft., VI–27, 1940, Yankovsky (USNM); 1 male, 1 female (pinned), N. Korea, Chonsani, 3500 ft., VI–29, 1940, A. Yankovsky (USNM); 2 males (pinned), N. Korea, Chonsani, 4000 ft., VI–29, 1940, A. Yankovsky (USNM); 1 male, 3 females, 1 specimen with unclear sex (pinned), N. Korea, Chonsani, 5000 ft., VI–29, 1940, Yankovsky (USNM); 3 males, 1 female (pinned), N. Korea, Chonsani, alt. 3500 ft., VII–1, 1940, Yankovsky (USNM); 1 male (pinned), N. Korea, Chonsani, alt. 4000 ft., VII–1, 1940, Yankovsky (USNM); 1 male, 2 females (pinned), N. Korea, Chonsani, alt. 4000 ft., VII–3, 1940, Yankovsky (USNM); 1 male, 1 female (pinned), N. Korea, Chonsani, alt. 3000 ft., VII–6, 1940, Yankovsky (USNM); 3 males (pinned), N. Korea, Chonsani, alt. 3500 ft., VII–7, 1940, Yankovsky (USNM); 3 males (pinned), N. Korea, Chonsani, alt. 4500 ft., VII–7, 1940, Yankovsky (USNM); 1 male, 2 females, 1 specimen with unclear sex (pinned), N. Korea, Chonsani, alt. 3500 ft., VII–8, 1940, Yankovsky (USNM); 2 males, 2 females (pinned), N. Korea, Chonsani, alt. 4000 ft., VII–8, 1940, Yankovsky (USNM); 3 males, 3 females (pinned), N. Korea, Chonsani, alt. 4000 ft., VII–10, 1940, A. Yankovsky (USNM); 4 males (pinned), N. Korea, Chonsani, alt. 4000 ft., VII–12, 1940, A. Yankovsky (USNM); 2 males, 2 females (pinned), N. Korea, Chonsani, alt. 4500 ft., VII–12, 1940, A. Yankovsky (USNM); 1 female (pinned), N. Korea, Chonsani, alt. 5000 ft., VII–12, 1940, Yankovsky (USNM); 1 specimen with unclear sex (pinned), N. Korea, Pontani Paiktusan, alt. 4000 ft., VII–17, 1940, Yankovsky (USNM); 1 female, 1 specimen with unclear sex (pinned), N. Korea, Pontani Paiktusan, alt. 6000 ft., VII–17, 1940, A. Yankovsky (USNM); 2 males, 4 females (pinned), N. Korea, Pontani Paiktusan, alt. 5000 ft., VII–18, 1940, Yankovsky (USNM); 3 females (pinned), N. Korea, Pontani Paiktusan, alt. 5500 ft., VII–18, 1940, Yankovsky (USNM); 1 male (pinned), N. Korea, Pontani Paiktusan, alt. 5000 ft., VII–19, 1940, Yankovsky (USNM); 3 males (pinned), N. Korea, Pontani Paiktusan, alt. 5800 ft., VII–19, 1940, Yankovsky (USNM); 2 males (pinned), N. Korea, Pontani Paiktusan, alt. 6000 ft., VII–19, 1940, Yankovsky (USNM); 1 female (pinned), N. Korea, Pontani Paiktusan, alt. 3800 ft., VII–21, 1940, Yankovsky (USNM); 1 female (pinned), N. Korea, Pontani Paiktusan, alt. 6000 ft., VII–21, 1940, Yankovsky (USNM); 1 female (pinned), N. Korea, Pontani Paiktusan, alt. 6000 ft., VII–25, 1940, Yankovsky (USNM); 6 males, 1 female (pinned), N.</p><p>Korea, Pontani Paiktusan, alt. 3800 ft., VII–29, 1940, Yankovsky (USNM); 1 female (pinned), N. Korea, Pontani Paiktusan, alt. 5500 ft., VII–31, 1940, Yankovsky (USNM); 1 male (pinned), N. Korea, Pontani Paiktusan, alt. 6370 ft., VIII–2, 1940, Yankovsky (USNM); 2 females (pinned), N. Korea, Pontani Paiktusan, alt. 6300 ft., VIII–9, 1940, Yankovsky (USNM); 1 male (pinned), S. Korea, #41, [Seoul City Water Works, 6 miles east of Seoul on Kte.#13, elev. about 150 ft.], 15 Oct. 1954, G. W. Byers (MU); 1 male (pinned), [S.] Korea, Pusan, VIII.1959, Davis trap 8 (USNM); 2 males (pinned), Korea, VIII.1959, Davis trap 8 (USNM); 1 male (pinned), Korea, VIII.1959, Davis trap 16 (USNM); 1 male, 1 female (pinned), Korea, X.1959, Davis trap 7 (USNM); 5 males (pinned), [S.] Korea, Pusan, X.1959, Davis trap 23 (USNM); 1 male (pinned), Korea, Prov. South Pyongan, Pyongyan Hotel garden, 4–5 Aug. 1971, No. 142, leg. S. Horvatovich et J. Papp (HNHM); 1 male (pinned), Korea, Prov. South Pyongan, Pyongyan Hotel garden, 5–6 Aug. 1971, No. 144, leg. S. Horvatovich et J. Papp (HNHM); 1 female (pinned), Korea, Prov. South Pyongan, Pyongyan Hotel garden, [~ 10.VIII.1971], No. 156, leg. S. Horvatovich et J. Papp (HNHM); 1 male (pinned), Korea, Prov. South Pyongan, Pyongyan Hotel garden, 14 Aug. 1971, No. 176, leg. S. Horvatovich et J. Papp (HNHM); 1 female (pinned), Korea, Prov. South Pyongan, Pyongyan, Hotel garden, 19 Aug. 1971, No. 189, leg. S. Horvatovich et J. Papp (HNHM); 3 males, 2 females (pinned), Korea, Prov. Ryang-gang, Hyesan, Hotel garden, 23 Aug. 1971, No. 193, leg. S. Horvatovich et J. Papp (HNHM); 1 female (pinned), Korea, Prov. South Pyongan, Pyongyan Hotel garden, 6–7 Sept. 1971, No. 243, leg. S. Horvatovich et J. Papp (HNHM); 1 female (pinned), Korea, Pyongyang City, Mt. Daesong-san, No. 554, 20.IX.1979, leg. Vásárhelyi (HNHM); 1 male, 2 females (pinned), Korea, Prov. South Phenan, Bong-ha ri, 6– 24.VII.1982, leg. Forró, Ronkay (HNHM); 6 males, 1 female (in ethanol), S. Korea, Jeollanam-do, Gurye-gun, Toji-myeon, Jirisan National Park, Piagol valley, N35.26580, E127.58128, altitude 378 m, 2013.05.11 (6), S. Podenas (5 males, 1 female at light) (NIBR); 1 male (in ethanol), S. Korea, Miryang-si, Sannae-myeon, Imgo-ri 827, N35.56531, E128.88637, altitude 138 m, 2014.06.23, D. K. Lee, black-light trap (NIBR); 1 female (in ethanol), S. Korea, Jeollanam-do, Gurye-gun, Toji-myeon, Jirisan National Park, Piagol valley, N35.26580, E127.58128, altitude 378 m, 2014.08.24, S. Podenas, at light (NIBR).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F087CEFFD8FFD0FF21F8CE2FB467A3	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Podenas, Sigitas;Byun, Hye-Woo;Kim, Sam-Kyu	Podenas, Sigitas, Byun, Hye-Woo, Kim, Sam-Kyu (2016): Rhipidia crane flies (Diptera: Limoniidae) from Korea. Zootaxa 4136 (3): 515-536, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4136.3.5
03F087CEFFC5FFD3FF21FBA9283A66E7.text	03F087CEFFC5FFD3FF21FBA9283A66E7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Rhipidia (Rhipidia) serena	<div><p>Rhipidia (Rhipidia) serena sp. nov.</p><p>(Figs. 21–26)</p><p>Diagnosis. Brownish gray, medium-sized crane fly. Antenna medium long with eight bipectinate flagellomeres, not reaching wing base when bending backwards. Thoracical pleuron gray with two distinct brown longitudinal lines. Wing with lots of small brownish spots in all cells. Vein Sc1 nearly reaching middle of radial sector, Rs angulate or arcuate. Rostral appendage of inner gonostylus long and armed with three small spines at middle.</p><p>Description. Color characters mostly based on pinned specimens, other characters on both, pinned and specimens preserved in ethanol. General coloration brownish gray. Body length of male 6.85–8.15 mm, of female 6.30–7.45 mm. Wing length of male 7.25–8.25 mm, of female 5.30–9.15 mm.</p><p>Head dark brown, dusted with light gray pruinosity, denser along eye margin, covered with sparse medium length, erect, brownish setae. Eyes large, narrowly separated dorsally and nearly reaching each other ventrally in both sexes. Area separating them ventrally about one ocellus width. Length of male antennae 2.15 mm, reaching to about middle of prescutum when bent backwards. Antenna of female 1.40–1.50 mm long, reaching slightly beyond frontal margin of prescutum, if bent backwards. Male antenna (Fig. 21) bipectinate. Scape brown, slightly widening distally, bearing few short erect setae on dorsal surface. Pedicel same color as scape, short, slightly wider than longer. Flagellum 12-segmented. Basal flagellomere slightly widened ventrally, brown with distinct pale base and apical pedicel. Flagellomeres two to nine with two branches each, widened at base. Widening brown, base and distal part pale, branches brown, longest 1.6 times as long as flagellomere. Tenth segment with one branch subequal to length of flagellomere, brown with whitish base and distal part. Eleventh flagellomere short, with short single branch. Apical flagellomere skittle-shaped, 1.4 times as long as preceding segment. Longest verticils as long as corresponding flagellomeres. Short, erect, but sparse brownish pubescence covers branches of flagellomeres, but nearly absent from flagellomeres. Female antenna serrate, brownish with distinct pale apical pedicels. Rostrum dark brown at base, blackish distally. Palpus generally dark brown, basal palpomere rounded, brownish, second palpomere nearly cylindrical, dark brown, third and fourth palpomeres elongate, brown. Palpus covered with short erect yellowish setae. Labellum pale with slightly darkened margins.</p><p>Thorax. Cervical sclerites and pronotum brown, slightly dusted with gray. Pronotum bearing few erect dark brown setae on posterior margin in male, absent in female. Ground color of prescutum brown in male, yellowish brown in female. Gray pruinosity denser in male, less so in female. Sclerite with wide brown median stripe, orange-brown frontally. Lateral stripe reduced to frontal brownish spot. Pseudosutural fovea lighter than surrounding area, yellow in female, light brown in male. Scutal lobe brown in male, lighter in female, covered with gray pruinosity, less dense frontally. Scutellum brownish gray. Mediotergite darker than scutellum. Pleuron brownish gray in female, gray in male with two distinct dark brown longitudinal lines due to denser pruinosity. Dorsal line extending from cervical sclerites to base of abdomen. Ventral line extending from dorsal margin of fore coxa through frontal margin of katepisternum, reaches middle of sclerite, disappears on posterior margin of katepisternum and reappears on mid- and posterior coxa. Episternum with single seta frontally and three setae posteriorly. Wing (Fig. 22) grayish, without large spots, with abundant small brownish spots in all cells and brownish suture at cord. Veins brownish yellow with darkenings in clouded areas. Venation: Sc1 nearly reaching middle of Rs length. Sc2 close to tip of Sc1. Additional cross-vein at middle of cell sc absent, which is present in most other Rhipidia . R2 nearly transverse, close to the tip of R1. Rs comparatively short, angulate or arched at base. R3 and R 4 +5 long and nearly parallel to each other. Cross-vein r-m well developed, slightly beyond base of discal cell. Discal cell elongate, slightly more than twice as long as wide. Basal deflection of CuA1 about two thirds of its own length before branching point of M. First anal vein slightly sinuous, second anal vein slightly arched before wing margin. Anal angle wide, posterior margin widely rounded. Length of male halter 0.95–1.15 mm, of female 0.85–1.20 mm long. Stem of halter pale with light orange-brown base. Knob brownish. Coxae dorsally dark brown, ventrally light brown, mid- and posterior coxae pale on distal margin. Trochanter brownish yellow, slightly infuscated with brown dorso-laterally with distinct dark brown rim on distal margin. Coxae and trochanters covered with long brownish setae. Femur pale brownish yellow with pale base and distal end. Tibia uniformly palebrownish-yellow. Tarsus at base same color as tibia, distal tarsomeres brown. Leg covered with dense adjacent brown setae. Male femur I: 4.6 mm, II: 5.1 mm, III: 6.1 mm, tibiae I: 6.3 mm, II: 5.6 mm, III: 6.8 mm, tarsus I: 9.2 mm, II: 5.7 mm, III: 5.5 mm long. Female femur I: 3.5–5.6 mm long, II: 3.8–5.5 mm, III: 4.5–6.6 mm, tibiae I: 4.0– 6.6 mm, II: 3.4–5.9 mm, III: 4.7–6.9 mm, tarsus I: 4.5–7.6 mm, II: 3.7–5.7 mm, III: 4.0– 5.8 mm. Claw brown, with subbasal spine.</p><p>Abdomen. Tergites and sternites semi-polished, brownish with pale lateral margins, slightly dusted with gray. Sternites somewhat lighter than tergites. Abdominal sclerites covered with semi-erect yellowish setae.</p><p>Hypopygium. Male genitalia (Figs. 23, 24, 25) brownish orange, setose. Ninth tergite transverse, posterior margin slightly emarginate at middle. Gonocoxite slightly longer than wider, with large blunt apexed setose ventromesal lobe. Outer gonostylus narrow, strongly sclerotised, dark brown, point-apexed, distinctly arched and reaching to about two-thirds of inner gonostylus. Inner gonostylus oval with large rostral prolongation strongly arched. Posterior margin of rostral prolongation armed with three small spines at middle. Distal end of rostral prolongation beyond spines long and narrow. Fleshy, comparatively small rounded lobe situated on dorsal surface of inner gonostylus above rostral prolongation. Paramere wide basally with distinctly narrowed dark brown distal part. Penis protrusive, long, simple, slightly narrower distally. Ninth sternite simple.</p><p>Ovipositor (Fig. 26) brownish yellow with indistinct brownish clouds on ventral side of hypovalva. Cercus long, narrow, robust, slightly arched upwards, tip blunt-apexed. Ventral part of eight sternite slightly inflated, hypovalva very wide at base, narrower distally, tip point-apexed, nearly reaching tip of cercus.</p><p>Elevation range in Korea. Adult specimens were collected at altitudes from 1200 m to nearly 2000 m.</p><p>Period of activity. It is a late summer and fall species, flying from late June through middle of October.</p><p>Distribution. Korean Peninsula (Fig. 31).</p><p>Type material. Holotype: male on same pin with paratype female, male genitalia in glycerol in micro vial on same pin, North Korea, Seren Mts., Corea, 5–6000‘, X–9, ‘37 [1937], Yankovsky (MHNN). Paratypes: female (pinned), North Korea, Chonsani, 4000 ft., VI–27–40 [1940], coll. Yankovsky (MHNN); female (pinned), North Korea, Pontani Paiktusan, 6300 ft., VII–28–1940, coll. Yankovsky (MHNN); female (pinned), North Korea, Pontani Paiktusan, 5800–6370 ft., VIII–9–1940, coll. Yankovsky (MHNN); male and three females (preserved in ethanol, wings and antennae of male slide-mounted, male genitalia and ovipositor of one female in microvials with glycerol on pins), South Korea, Gangwon-do, Pyeongchang-gun, Jinbu-myeon, Jangjeon-ri, Mt. Gariwangsan, N37.4275000, E128.5319444, 2009.07.05–09.02, malaise trap, coll. W.Y. Choi et al, (NIBR).</p><p>Etymology. Species is named after the name of the mountain where it was collected for the first time.</p><p>Remarks. Judging on wing venation, wing pattern and especially male genitalia, the new species is most closely related to other Asian Rhipidia which have short spines on rostral prolongation of inner gonostylus, R. reductispina Savchenko, 1983, R. degradans Savchenko, 1983, R. flava Zhang, Li, Yang, 2014, R. lobifera Zhang, Li, Yang, 2014, except R. reductispina and R. lobifera have distinctly bifid ventromesal lobe of gonocoxite, while that lobe in R. serena sp. nov. is simple, not divided into two lobes. Spines of rostral appendage of inner gonostylus in R. degradans are situated at base of posterior margin, these spines are at middle of rostrum in R. flava and R. serena sp. nov. However, R. serena sp. nov. can be easily distinguished from R. flava based on the following characters. Antennae of male R. flava has seven bipectinate flagellomeres, branches of flagellomeres just slightly exceeding length of respective segments, Rs is slightly arched at base, wing patterned with indistinct cloudy spots, cell sc with additional cross-vein at the middle. Male antenna of R. serena sp. nov. has eight bipectinate flagellomeres, branches distinctly longer than respective flagellomeres, Rs angulate or arched at base, wing patterned with abundant small and rather distinct spots, additional cross-vein in cell sc missing. Mesonotum of R. flava uniformly yellow, that of R. serena sp. nov. with distinct longitudinal stripe. Blunt-apexed cercus of ovipositor of R. serena sp. nov. is unique among Korean species, but it is difficult to compare it with other regional species, because females of them mostly are unknown or insufficiently described.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F087CEFFC5FFD3FF21FBA9283A66E7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Podenas, Sigitas;Byun, Hye-Woo;Kim, Sam-Kyu	Podenas, Sigitas, Byun, Hye-Woo, Kim, Sam-Kyu (2016): Rhipidia crane flies (Diptera: Limoniidae) from Korea. Zootaxa 4136 (3): 515-536, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4136.3.5
