identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
03F03F4EF53A0E0D60F6FDFEFD93FAA8.text	03F03F4EF53A0E0D60F6FDFEFD93FAA8.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Apocephalus analis	<div><p>Apocephalus analis group</p><p>Diagnosis. Body color light brown to yellowish brown (Borgmeier referred to such flies as ”yellow species”) (Figs. 1–2). Eye brown instead of usual steel-grey color. Ommatidia enlarged. Supra-antennal setae four in number, unusually large, upper pair in particular as large as other frontal setae (Fig. 3). Costa long, usually 0.50 wing length or more. Males of at least some species with greatly elongate and expanded cercus and hypopoct (Fig.1).</p><p>Other shared features (not repeated in species descriptions). Frons light brown. Median furrow present. Two pairs of supra-antennal setae present, dorsal pair large, nearly the same size as other frontal setae, ventral pair onehalf length and much thinner than dorsal pair. Ventral interfrontal setae closer to midline than eye margin. Ocelli normal sized. Palpus light brown, setulae black, pointed. Scutum and scutellum light brown. Anterior scutellar seta subequal to posterior setulae of scutum. Anepisternum bare of setulae (except in one species). Wing well developed. Legs light brown, apex of hind femur not darkened. Tarsomeres unmodified, except tarsal claws basally lobed.</p><p>Way of life. Largely unknown. Two species, A. analis and A. comatus, were collected with the army ant Labidus coecus (Latreille) . Association with this ant is consistent with nocturnal or crepuscular activity, as they are largely nocturnal in their activity (Schneirla, 1971: 11). Some species have been collected at lights, which, in conjunction with the enlarged ommatidia, also indicates that they might be associated with nocturnal army ants, as are many other phorids with nocturnal habits. Additionally, some species are found at high elevations, and are often the only Apocephalus species at these sites.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F03F4EF53A0E0D60F6FDFEFD93FAA8	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Brown, Brian V.	Brown, Brian V. (2014): Revision of the Apocephalus analis group of ant-decapitating flies (Diptera: Phoridae). Zootaxa 3857 (4): 551-570, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3857.4.5
03F03F4EF53A0E0D60F6FACCFD02FA41.text	03F03F4EF53A0E0D60F6FACCFD02FA41.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Apocephalus comatus	<div><p>Apocephalus comatus subgroup</p><p>Diagnosis. Female segment 6 with small to large ventral, posterior darkening (sclerotization) bearing few to many basally curved, posteriorly pointed thickened setulae.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F03F4EF53A0E0D60F6FACCFD02FA41	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Brown, Brian V.	Brown, Brian V. (2014): Revision of the Apocephalus analis group of ant-decapitating flies (Diptera: Phoridae). Zootaxa 3857 (4): 551-570, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3857.4.5
03F03F4EF53A0E0E60F6F9A7FD71FE73.text	03F03F4EF53A0E0E60F6F9A7FD71FE73.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Apocephalus holdenae	<div><p>Apocephalus holdenae new species</p><p>(Figs. 9, 13)</p><p>Diagnosis. This species can be recognized by the ventromedial sclerotized patch on abdominal segment 6, but lacks a setal comb or greatly enlarged, thornlike setae.</p><p>Description. Body length 1.4-1.8 mm. Frons 0.44 head width, range 0.43–0.44. Flagellomere 1 round, light brown. Pleuron whitish yellow. Costa 0.55 wing length, range 0.54–0.56. Halter light brown. Abdominal tergites light brown, normal sized. Tergite 6 yellowish-brown, about as broad as tergite 5, entire, apical margin straight, posterior margin with small setae. Venter of abdomen yellowish brown, dark grey near tergites, venter of segments 3–5 with scattered thin setae, venter of intersegment 6–7 membranous, setae absent. Venter of segment 6 with small sclerotized patch around setae; with row of lateral setae on sclerotized patch; otherwise with shorter dense setae; laterally with longer setae. Oviscape elongate oval, large lateral setae absent. Dorsum of oviscape with row of posterolateral setae. Apex roundly pointed, downturned, with few small apical setae. Ventral setae of oviscape absent. Intersegment 7–8 without sclerotization. Stylet as in A. analis (Fig. 50).</p><p>Distribution. Eastern Colombia.</p><p>Derivation of specific epithet. Named for Ms. Anna Holden, one of the members of the LACM Entomology team.</p><p>Holotype. ♀, COLOMBIA: Vichada: PNN El Tuparro, B. de Sabana, 5.35°N, 67.85°W, 18–28.viii.2000, W.Villalba, CAP-517, Malaise trap (IAVH) [LACM ENT 187480].</p><p>Paratype. ♀, COLOMBIA: Vichada: Rio Tomo, PN El Tuparro, 5.35°N, 67.85°W, 250m, 12–22.x.2001, W.Villalba, Malaise trap, CAP-1796 (LACM).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F03F4EF53A0E0E60F6F9A7FD71FE73	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Brown, Brian V.	Brown, Brian V. (2014): Revision of the Apocephalus analis group of ant-decapitating flies (Diptera: Phoridae). Zootaxa 3857 (4): 551-570, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3857.4.5
03F03F4EF53F0E0860F6F9D6FE25F83C.text	03F03F4EF53F0E0860F6F9D6FE25F83C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Apocephalus comatus	<div><p>Apocephalus comatus subseries</p><p>Diagnosis. Abdominal segment 6 with group of three or more long, black, thick dorsolateral setae (Fig. 5). Venter of abdominal segment six with transverse comblike row of densely placed, long setae arising from sternite (Figs. 10–12).</p><p>Included species. Apocephalus bilineatus, comatus, and rectisetus . Differentiation of the three species is relatively simple: uniquely among the entire genus Apocephalus, A. bilineatus has two dorsal longitudinal setal palisades on the hind tibia (Fig. 4; the other species have one palisade), A. comatus has short, thick, curved setae medioventrally on segment 6 (Fig. 11), whereas A. rectisetus has a fan of longer (but still thick), straight setae in the same location (Fig. 12).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F03F4EF53F0E0860F6F9D6FE25F83C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Brown, Brian V.	Brown, Brian V. (2014): Revision of the Apocephalus analis group of ant-decapitating flies (Diptera: Phoridae). Zootaxa 3857 (4): 551-570, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3857.4.5
03F03F4EF53F0E0860F6FADBFE4DFA52.text	03F03F4EF53F0E0860F6FADBFE4DFA52.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Apocephalus comatus	<div><p>Apocephalus comatus series</p><p>Diagnosis. Sternite six large, with rounded lateral margins extending almost to dorsum of abdomen. Included species. This grouping includes species of the Apocephalus comatus subseries and the Apocephalus euryacanthus subseries.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F03F4EF53F0E0860F6FADBFE4DFA52	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Brown, Brian V.	Brown, Brian V. (2014): Revision of the Apocephalus analis group of ant-decapitating flies (Diptera: Phoridae). Zootaxa 3857 (4): 551-570, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3857.4.5
03F03F4EF53E0E0960F6FF05FE7AFBD8.text	03F03F4EF53E0E0960F6FF05FE7AFBD8.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Apocephalus bilineatus	<div><p>Apocephalus bilineatus new species</p><p>(Figs. 4, 5, 7, 10)</p><p>Diagnosis. Hind tibia with two longitudinal setal palisades (Fig. 4).</p><p>Description. Body length 1.2–1.8 mm. Frons 0.50 head width. Flagellomere 1 round or rounded oval, yellow or light brown. Pleuron whitish yellow. Hind tibia with two longitudinal setal palisades. Costa 0.51 wing length. Halter brown. Abdominal tergites yellow anteriomedially and brown posterolaterally, normal sized. Tergite 6 light brown, about as broad as tergite 5, entire, apical margin straight, with large thick setae posterolaterally. Venter of abdomen whitish yellow, venter of segments 3–5 with scattered thin setae, venter of intersegment 6–7 with rounded, thinly sclerotized plate producing vertical surface in posterior view, with posterior dense comblike row of setae. Venter of segment 6 with large brown sclerite extending to dorsal margin, with dense, short setae. Oviscape elongate oval, anterior process short, broadly rounded, large lateral setae absent. Dorsum of oviscape with long thin setae dorsolaterally to laterally from midlength to near apex. Apex broadly truncate, downturned, lacking dorsoapical setae. Venter of oviscape with large ventrolateral seta on each side. Intersegment 7–8 without sclerotization. Anterior arms of stylet broad, similar to A. analis (Fig. 50).</p><p>Distribution. Nicaragua south to Colombia.</p><p>Derivation of specific epithet. Named for the two longitudinal setal palisades on the hind tibia.</p><p>Holotype. ♀, COLOMBIA: Magdalena: PNN Tayrona, Zaino, 11.33°N, 74.03°W, 50m, 28.vi–17.vii.2000,, R.Henriquez, CAP-301, Malaise trap (IAVH) [LACM ENT 073247].</p><p>Paratypes. COLOMBIA: Magdalena: PNN Tayrona, 11.27°N, 74.22°W, 30m, 1♀ 13–30.v.2000, R.Henriquez, CAP-134 Malaise trap #1 (LACM), PNN Tayrona, Cañaveral, 11.33°N, 74.03°W, 50m, 1♀ 15.xii–2.i.2001, R.Henriques, CAP-963, Malaise trap (LACM), 1♀ 2–22.i.2001, R.Henriques, CAP-1207, Malaise trap (LACM), 2♀ 26.iv–12.v.2000, R.Henriques, CAP-131, Malaise trap (LACM), PNN Tayrona, Pueblito, 11.33°N, 74.03°W, 225m, 2♀ 14–29.vii.2000, R.Henriquez, CAP-298, Malaise trap (LACM). COSTA RICA: Limon: Pacuarito, 10.11°N, 83.46°W, 300m, 1♀ 24–26.viii.1996, Gustafsson et al., Malaise trap (LACM). NICARAGUA: Rio San Juan: Refugio Bartola, 16km ESE El Castillo, 10.98°N, 84.34°W, 1♀ 22.iv–10.v.1999, L.LaPierre, Malaise trap (LACM). PANAMA: Canal Zone: Gamboa, Pipeline Road, 1♀ vii.1967, W.W.Wirth, Malaise trap (USNM).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F03F4EF53E0E0960F6FF05FE7AFBD8	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Brown, Brian V.	Brown, Brian V. (2014): Revision of the Apocephalus analis group of ant-decapitating flies (Diptera: Phoridae). Zootaxa 3857 (4): 551-570, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3857.4.5
03F03F4EF53E0E0A60F6FB56FEC4FE2B.text	03F03F4EF53E0E0A60F6FB56FEC4FE2B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Apocephalus comatus Borgmeier	<div><p>Apocephalus comatus Borgmeier</p><p>(Figs. 2, 3, 11)</p><p>Apocephalus comatus, Borgmeier 1958: 320 –322, figs. 4–6, 11.</p><p>Diagnosis. Venter of segment 6, in addition to comblike row, with both dense setulae and medial grouping of thick, short, slightly posteriorly curved setae (Fig. 11).</p><p>Description. Body length 1.2–1.3 mm. Frons 0.48 head width. Flagellomere 1 round, whitish yellow. Pleuron white. Costa 0.53 wing length. Halter brown. Abdominal tergites brown, normal sized. Tergite 6 yellowish-brown, about as broad as tergite 5, entire, apical margin straight, with large thick setae posterolaterally. Venter of abdomen whitish yellow, venter of segments 3–5 with scattered thin setae, venter of intersegment 6–7 with rounded, thinly sclerotized plate producing vertical surface in posterior view, consisting of posterior dense comblike row of setae. Venter of segment 6 with large brown sclerite extending to dorsal margin, with triangular group of curved, hooklike setae medially; laterally with long setae along posterior margin, ventralmost thicker and apically curved. Oviscape elongate oval, anterior process elongate, anteriorly pointed, large lateral setae absent. Dorsum of oviscape with long thin setae dorsolaterally to laterally from midlength to near apex. Apex broadly truncate, downturned, lacking dorsoapical setae. Oviscape with large ventrolateral seta on each side. Intersegment 7–8 without sclerotization. Anterior arms of stylet broad, similar to A. analis (Fig. 50).</p><p>Distribution. Costa Rica to Argentina.</p><p>Natural history. In the original description of the species, Borgmeier (1958), reported that some specimens were collected with Labidus coecus in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.</p><p>Derivation of specific epithet. From Latin for shaggy, apparently referring to the ventral comblike row of setae on segment 6.</p><p>Material examined. ARGENTINA: Misiones: Iguazu National Park, 25.68°S, 54.44°W, 200m, 2♀ 2–7.xii.2003, B.Brown,G.Kung, Malaise trap #4 (LACM), 2♀ 30.xi–2.xii.2003, B.Brown,G.Kung, Malaise trap #4 (LACM). COSTA RICA: Alajuela: Alberge de Heliconia, 10.71°N, 85.04°W, 700m, 1♀ 23–28.ii.2002, B.Brown et al., Malaise trap (LACM). ECUADOR: Zamora Chinchipe: Rio Bombuscaro, 4.12°S, 78.98°W, 1100m, 1♀ 26.vi–4.vii.1996, P.Hibbs, Malaise trap (LACM). PERU: Madre de Dios: Pakitza, 11.94°S, 71.28°W, 356m, 1♀ 18–23.ii.1992, B.Brown,D.Feener, Malaise trap #3 (LACM), 1♀ 23–28.ii.1992, B.Brown,D.Feener, Malaise trap #1 (MUSM).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F03F4EF53E0E0A60F6FB56FEC4FE2B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Brown, Brian V.	Brown, Brian V. (2014): Revision of the Apocephalus analis group of ant-decapitating flies (Diptera: Phoridae). Zootaxa 3857 (4): 551-570, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3857.4.5
03F03F4EF53D0E0A60F6FACCFAC3F9ED.text	03F03F4EF53D0E0A60F6FACCFAC3F9ED.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Apocephalus euryacanthus	<div><p>Apocephalus euryacanthus subseries</p><p>Diagnosis. Abdominal segment 6 usually with only one long, black, thick dorsolateral setae (Fig. 6). Venter of segment 6 terminating with large flat posterior surface. Enlarged pair of thornlike setae present ventrolaterally. Sclerotized medioventral, posterior darkening of sternite 6 relatively narrow, with only a few thickened, short, curved setae.</p><p>Included species. Apocephalus euryacanthus, A. mexacanthus, and A. paracanthus, all new species.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F03F4EF53D0E0A60F6FACCFAC3F9ED	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Brown, Brian V.	Brown, Brian V. (2014): Revision of the Apocephalus analis group of ant-decapitating flies (Diptera: Phoridae). Zootaxa 3857 (4): 551-570, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3857.4.5
03F03F4EF53D0E0A60F6FE4EFE34FAA8.text	03F03F4EF53D0E0A60F6FE4EFE34FAA8.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Apocephalus rectisetus	<div><p>Apocephalus rectisetus new species</p><p>(Fig. 12)</p><p>Diagnosis. Venter of segment 6 with fan of thickened, ventromedial setae.</p><p>Description. Body length 1.3–1.4 mm. Frons 0.51 head width. Flagellomere 1 round, yellow. Pleuron whitish yellow. Costa 0.55 wing length. Halter light brown. Abdominal tergites light brown, normal sized. Tergite 6 light brown, about as broad as tergite 5, entire, apical margin slightly concave, posterior margin with several long thick curved setae; shorter thick setae present more anteriorly on tergite. Venter of abdomen whitish yellow, venter of segments 3–5 with scattered thin setae, longer on segment 5, venter of intersegment 6–7 with rounded, thinly sclerotized plate producing vertical surface in posterior view, consisting of posterior dense comblike row of setae. Venter of segment 6 with large brown sclerite extending to dorsal margin, with scattered short, thin setae. Oviscape elongate oval, anterior process elongate, with dark medial strip, large lateral setae absent. Dorsum of oviscape with long thin setae dorsolaterally to laterally from midlength to near apex. Apex broadly truncate, relatively straight, lacking dorsoapical setae. Oviscape with large ventrolateral seta on each side. Intersegment 7–8 without sclerotization. Anterior arms of stylet broad, similar to A. analis (Fig. 50).</p><p>Distribution. Costa Rica and Colombia.</p><p>Derivation of specific epithet. From Latin words for “straight setae”, referring to the large setae on segment 6.</p><p>Holotype. ♀ COSTA RICA: Alajuela: Alberge de Heliconia, 10.71°N, 85.04°W, 700m, 23–28.ii.2002, B.Brown et al., Malaise trap (LACM) [LACM ENT 158409].</p><p>Paratypes. COLOMBIA: Valle de Cauca: Anchicaya, PNN Farallones de Cali, 3.43°N, 76.8°W, 730m, 1♀ 13–27.ii.2001, S.Sarria, Malaise trap, CAP-1530 (LACM), 1♀ 27.ii–27.iii.2001, S.Sarria, Malaise trap, CAP-1538 (LACM), PNN Farallones de Cali, Alto Anchicaya, 3.43°N, 76.8°W, 650m, 1♀ 8.v–19.vi.2001, S.Sarria, CAP- 1894, Malaise trap (LACM).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F03F4EF53D0E0A60F6FE4EFE34FAA8	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Brown, Brian V.	Brown, Brian V. (2014): Revision of the Apocephalus analis group of ant-decapitating flies (Diptera: Phoridae). Zootaxa 3857 (4): 551-570, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3857.4.5
03F03F4EF53D0E0B60F6F933FD54FD6F.text	03F03F4EF53D0E0B60F6F933FD54FD6F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Apocephalus euryacanthus	<div><p>Apocephalus euryacanthus new species</p><p>(Figs. 6, 14)</p><p>Diagnosis. Distinctive broadly separated thornlike setae on posterior margin of venter of seegment 6.</p><p>Description. Body length 1.3 mm. Frons 0.47 head width. Flagellomere 1 round, light brown. Pleuron yellowish brown. Costa 0.52 wing length. Halter light brown. Abdominal tergites brown, normal sized. Tergite 6 brown, about as broad as tergite 5, entire, apical margin slightly concave, with thicker setae posterolaterally. Venter of abdomen yellowish brown, dark grey near tergites, venter of segments 3–5 with scattered thin setae, venter of intersegment 6–7 with rounded, thinly sclerotized plate producing vertical surface in posterior view, consisting of large pair of thornlike setae in line with shiny medial plate; with shorter pair of thickened setae anterior to plate. Venter of segment 6 with large brown sclerite extending to about mid-depth of segment, with scattered short, thin setae. Oviscape without large lateral setae. Dorsum of oviscape with scattered dorsolateral setulae on apical onequarter. Apex roundly pointed, then ventrally produced forming a slightly concave posterior plate, strongly downturned, lacking dorsoapical setae. Intersegment 7–8 without sclerotization. Anterior arms of stylet broad, similar to A. analis (Fig. 50).</p><p>Distribution. High elevation southern Costa Rica.</p><p>Derivation of specific epithet. From Greek words for ”broad” (eurys) and “thorn” (akantha) referring to the closely approximated pair of ventral thornlike setae on segment 6.</p><p>Holotype. ♀ COSTA RICA: San José: Km 80.5 PanAmerican Highway, 9.56°N, 83.8°W, 2150m, 21–23.vii.2000, Ashe, Brooks, Falin, FIT (LACM) [LACM ENT 075233].</p><p>Paratypes. COSTA RICA: San José: 19km S, 3km W Empalme, 9.65°N, 83.87°W, 2600m, 1♀ iv–viii.1992, P.Hanson, Malaise trap (LACM), 6km N San Gerardo, 9.55°N, 83.8°W, 2800m, 3♀ v.1992, P.Hanson, Malaise trap (LACM), 2♀ xi.1992, P.Hanson, Malaise trap (LACM), Km 80.5 PanAmerican Highway, 9.56°N, 83.8°W, 2150m, 1♀ 21–23.vii.2000, Ashe,Brooks,Falin, FIT (LACM), San Gerardo, 9.55°N, 83.8°W, 2200m, 1♀ 18–21.iii.2007, M.Pollet, blue pan traps, CR/2007/129 (LACM).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F03F4EF53D0E0B60F6F933FD54FD6F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Brown, Brian V.	Brown, Brian V. (2014): Revision of the Apocephalus analis group of ant-decapitating flies (Diptera: Phoridae). Zootaxa 3857 (4): 551-570, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3857.4.5
03F03F4EF53C0E0B60F6FC8DFCECF9A4.text	03F03F4EF53C0E0B60F6FC8DFCECF9A4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Apocephalus mexacanthus	<div><p>Apocephalus mexacanthus new species</p><p>(Fig. 15)</p><p>Diagnosis. Most similar to A. paracanthus, from which it differs by the lateral row of longer setae along the posterior margin of sternite 6, as well as the position of the thornlike setae in relation to the darkened sclerite near which they are placed.</p><p>Description. Body length 1.3 mm. Frons 0.57 head width. Flagellomere 1 round, light brown. Pleuron light brown. Costa 0.52 wing length. Halter light brown. Abdominal tergites mostly yellow, but light brown posterolaterally, normal sized. Tergite 6 light brown, about as broad as tergite 5, entire, apical margin straight, with large thick setae posterolaterally. Venter of abdomen yellowish brown, dark grey near tergites, venter of segments 3–5 with scattered thin setae, venter of intersegment 6–7 with rounded, thinly sclerotized plate producing vertical surface in posterior view, pair of thornlike setae present on plate. Venter of segment 6 with large brown sclerite extending to dorsal margin, with dense, short setae. Oviscape elongate oval, anterior process short, broadly rounded, with large lateral seta present. Dorsum of oviscape with scattered dorsolateral setulae on apical onequarter. Apex roundly pointed, strongly downturned, with few small apical setae. Ventral setae of oviscape absent. Intersegment 7–8 without sclerotization. Anterior arms of stylet broad, similar to A. analis (Fig. 50).</p><p>Distribution. One site in Chiapas, Mexico.</p><p>Derivation of specific epithet. From the country of origin of the single specimen (Mexico) combined with the Greek word for “thorn” (akantha) referring to the pair of ventral thornlike setae on segment 6.</p><p>Holotype. ♀ MEXICO: Chiapas: San Cristobal de Las Casas, 16.75°N, 92.67°W, 2200m, 25.vi.1969, W.Mason, Malaise trap (CNCI) [LACM ENT 007709].</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F03F4EF53C0E0B60F6FC8DFCECF9A4	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Brown, Brian V.	Brown, Brian V. (2014): Revision of the Apocephalus analis group of ant-decapitating flies (Diptera: Phoridae). Zootaxa 3857 (4): 551-570, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3857.4.5
03F03F4EF53C0E0460F6F9C8FE6AFD27.text	03F03F4EF53C0E0460F6F9C8FE6AFD27.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Apocephalus paracanthus	<div><p>Apocephalus paracanthus new species</p><p>(Figs. 8, 16)</p><p>Diagnosis. This species is recognized by the pair of ventral thornlike setae on segment 6, which are close together (Fig. 16), in combination with only short setae on the lateral margin of sternite six. The most similar species, A. mexacanthus, has a row of enlarged setae along the posterior margin of sternite six.</p><p>Description. Body length 1–1.5 mm. Frons 0.50 head width. Flagellomere 1 round, yellow. Pleuron whitish yellow. Costa 0.54 wing length, range 0.54–0.55. Halter yellow. Abdominal tergites light brown, normal sized. Tergite 6 light brown, about as broad as tergite 5, entire, apical margin straight, with one thick posterolateral setae and scattered thin setae. Venter of abdomen whitish yellow, venter of segments 3–5 with scattered thin setae, venter of intersegment 6–7 with rounded, thinly sclerotized plate producing vertical surface in posterior view, closely placed pair of small thick setae and slightly more dorsolateral pair of large, thick, thornlike setae present. Venter of segment 6 with large brown sclerite extending to dorsal margin, with dense, short setae. Oviscape elongate oval, anterior process short, broadly rounded, large lateral setae absent. Dorsum of oviscape dorsally bare. Apex roundly pointed, then ventrally produced forming a slightly concave posterior plate, relatively straight, lacking dorsoapical setae. Ventral setae of oviscape absent. Intersegment 7–8 without sclerotization. Anterior arms of stylet broad, similar to A. analis (Fig. 50).</p><p>Distribution. Known only from a mid-elevation site in Costa Rica.</p><p>Derivation of specific epithet. From Greek words for “near” (para) and “thorn” (akantha) referring to the closely approximated pair of ventral thornlike setae on segment 6.</p><p>Holotype. ♀ COSTA RICA: San José: Zurquí de Moravia, 10.05°N, 84.02°W, 1600m, v.1994, P.Hanson, Malaise trap (LACM) [LACM ENT 037798].</p><p>Paratypes. COSTA RICA: San José: Zurquí de Moravia, 10.05°N, 84.02°W, 1600m, 2♀ iii.1994, P.Hanson, Malaise trap (LACM), 1♀ x–xii.1990, P.Hanson, Malaise trap (LACM), 1♀ 7–14 Dec 2012, canopy Malaise trap, ZADBI-316 (INBC).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F03F4EF53C0E0460F6F9C8FE6AFD27	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Brown, Brian V.	Brown, Brian V. (2014): Revision of the Apocephalus analis group of ant-decapitating flies (Diptera: Phoridae). Zootaxa 3857 (4): 551-570, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3857.4.5
03F03F4EF5330E0460F6FC8FFC83FA1F.text	03F03F4EF5330E0460F6FC8FFC83FA1F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Apocephalus amacayacuensis	<div><p>Apocephalus amacayacuensis new species</p><p>(Figs. 17–18, 43)</p><p>Diagnosis. With its long dorsoapical setae on the oviscape, this species is similar to A. papei, but the setae of the venter of segment 6 are thicker, shorter, and there is a more pronounced gap between the median pair.</p><p>Description. Body length 1.2 mm. Frons 0.48 head width. Flagellomere 1 rounded oval, light brown. Pleuron nearly white. Costa 0.57 wing length. Halter light brown. Abdominal tergites light brown, normal sized. Tergite 6 light brown, about as broad as tergite 5, entire, apical margin slightly concave, posterior margin with few elongate thick setae and scattered setulae. Venter of abdomen whitish yellow, venter of segments 3–5 with scattered thin setae, venter of intersegment 6–7 with rounded, thinly sclerotized plate producing vertical surface in posterior view, with row of thin lateral setae. Venter of segment 6 lacking sclerite, with row of larger thick seta; pronounced gap between median pair. Oviscape elongate oval, anterior process broadly elongate, large, curved posteroventral seta and thinner, shorter, slightly more posterodorsal seta. Dorsum of oviscape with scattered long thin setae. Apex roundly pointed, downturned, lacking apical setae. Ventral setae of oviscape absent. Intersegment 7–8 without sclerotization. Anterior arms of stylet anteriorly reduced, stylet slightly curved in lateral view.</p><p>Distribution. Amazonian Colombia.</p><p>Derivation of specific epithet. Named for the type locality.</p><p>Holotype. ♀, COLOMBIA: Amazonas: San Martin, PNN Amacayacu, 3.77°S, 70.3°W, 6–15.iv.2000, B.Amado, CAP-84, Malaise trap (IAVH) [LACM ENT 072728].</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F03F4EF5330E0460F6FC8FFC83FA1F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Brown, Brian V.	Brown, Brian V. (2014): Revision of the Apocephalus analis group of ant-decapitating flies (Diptera: Phoridae). Zootaxa 3857 (4): 551-570, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3857.4.5
03F03F4EF5330E0560F6F99DFC06F8BA.text	03F03F4EF5330E0560F6F99DFC06F8BA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Apocephalus amati	<div><p>Apocephalus amati new species</p><p>(Figs. 19, 20, 44, 52)</p><p>Diagnosis. Prominent setae on intersegment 6–7, strong lateral setae,ventrally-curved ventral apex, and stylet with long anterior arms.</p><p>Description. Body length 1.0– 1.1 mm. Mean frontal width 0.48 head width, range 0.46–0.50. Flagellomere 1 round, slightly enlarged, light brown. Pleuron light brown. Costa 0.55 wing length, range 0.53–0.56. Halter light brown. Abdominal tergites mostly yellow, but light brown posterolaterally, normal sized. Tergite 6 yellowishbrown, about as broad as tergite 5, entire, apical margin slightly concave, with one thick posterolateral setae and scattered thin setae. Venter of abdomen whitish yellow, venter of segments 3–5 with scattered thin setae, venter of intersegment 6–7 with few lateral setae. Venter of segment 6 lacking sclerite, with smaller posterior setae and row of four large setae in lateral pairs separated by medial gap. Oviscape elongate oval, anterior process short, broadly rounded, with large lateral seta present. Dorsum of oviscape with scattered dorsolateral setulae on apical onequarter. Apex broadly rounded, strongly downturned, lacking dorsoapical setae. Ventral setae of oviscape absent. Intersegment 7–8 without sclerotization. Anterior arms of stylet anteriorly parallel, well separated, stylet slightly curved in lateral view.</p><p>Distribution. Amazonian Colombia.</p><p>Derivation of specific epithet. Named for Colombian dipterist Eduardo Amat.</p><p>Holotype. ♀, COLOMBIA: Amazonas: Amacayacu NP, Matamata Station, 3.82°S, 70.26°W, 150m, 8–12.iii.2000, B.Brown,G.Kung,M.Sharkey, Malaise trap #5 (IAVH) [LACM ENT 106551].</p><p>Paratype. ♀, COLOMBIA: Caquetá: Puerto Abeja, PNN Chiribiquete, 0.07°N, 72.43°W,, 12–19.xi.2000, J.Forero, CAP-954, Malaise trap (LACM).</p><p>FIGURES 17–24. Female abdomens. 17, 19, 21, 23. Dorsal. 18,20, 22, 24. Ventral.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F03F4EF5330E0560F6F99DFC06F8BA	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Brown, Brian V.	Brown, Brian V. (2014): Revision of the Apocephalus analis group of ant-decapitating flies (Diptera: Phoridae). Zootaxa 3857 (4): 551-570, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3857.4.5
03F03F4EF5320E0660F6F8F6FE74FCB6.text	03F03F4EF5320E0660F6F8F6FE74FCB6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Apocephalus amenti	<div><p>Apocephalus amenti new species</p><p>(Figs. 21, 22, 45, 54)</p><p>Diagnosis. Unlike any other A. analis -group species, A. amenti has a pair of large anepisternal setae (Fig. 54). It also has distinctive multiple rows of ventral setae on segment 6, and a small group of relatively large setae on intersegment 6–7.</p><p>Description. Body length 1.6 mm. Frons yellowish-brown, 0.61 head width. Flagellomere 1 round, slightly enlarged. Pleuron yellowish-brown. Anepisternum with two long posterodorsal setae. Costa 0.54 wing length. Halter brown. Abdominal tergites brown posterolaterally, normal sized. Tergite 6 yellowish-brown, about as broad as tergite 5, entire, apical margin slightly concave, with one thick posterolateral setae and scattered thin setae. Segment 6 with enlarged posterolateral dorsal seta. Venter of abdomen whitish yellow, venter of segments 3–5 with posterolateral row of relatively long setae. Venter of segment 6 lacking sclerite, with smaller posterior setae and row of evenly-spaced longer setae. Venter of intersegment 6–7 with long lateral setae. Oviscape elongate oval, anterior process short, broadly rounded. Dorsum of oviscape with scattered dorsolateral setulae on apical onequarter and long seta dorsally and ventrally at base of separation of dorsal and ventral lobes. Apex broadly rounded, slightly downturned, lacking dorsoapical setae. Ventral apex broad, abruptly narrowed to slightly downturned point. Intersegment 7–8 without sclerotization. Anterior arms of stylet anteriorly divergent, abruptly directed medially at anterior apex, stylet slightly curved in lateral view.</p><p>Distribution. Southeastern Brazil.</p><p>Derivation of specific epithet. Named for Brazilian phoridologist Danilo Ament.</p><p>Holotype. ♀, BRAZIL: Santa Catarina: Nova Teutônia, 27.18°S, 52.38°W, vi.1964, F.Plaumann (MZSP) [LACM ENT 037455].</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F03F4EF5320E0660F6F8F6FE74FCB6	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Brown, Brian V.	Brown, Brian V. (2014): Revision of the Apocephalus analis group of ant-decapitating flies (Diptera: Phoridae). Zootaxa 3857 (4): 551-570, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3857.4.5
03F03F4EF5310E0660F6FCF5FE75FA40.text	03F03F4EF5310E0660F6FCF5FE75FA40.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Apocephalus amorimi	<div><p>Apocephalus amorimi new species</p><p>(Figs. 23, 24, 46)</p><p>Diagnosis. Abdominal segment 6 with single, thick ventral setal row; oviscape with lateral seta extremely thick, ventral apex strongly downturned.</p><p>Description. Body length 1 mm. Frons 0.44 head width. Pleuron light brown, nearly white. Costal ratio not measured, as wings are highly damaged. Halter yellow. Abdominal tergites light brown, normal sized. Tergite 6 light brown, about as broad as tergite 5, entire, apical margin straight, two thick posterolateral and scattered thin setae. Venter of abdomen whitish yellow, venter of segments 3–5 with scattered thin setae, longer on segment 5, venter of intersegment 6–7 membranous, setae absent. Venter of segment 6 lacking sclerite, with row of long thick setae, separated by medial gap; medial pair shorter. Oviscape elongate oval, anterior process short, broadly rounded, with extremely thick large lateral seta present. Dorsum of oviscape dorsally bare. Apex roundly pointed, slightly downturned, with few small apical setae. Ventral setae of oviscape absent. Intersegment 7–8 without sclerotization. Anterior arms of stylet anteriorly parallel, well separated, stylet relatively flat.</p><p>Distribution. Northern Brazil.</p><p>Derivation of specific epithet. Named for friend and colleague Dr Dalton Amorim.</p><p>Holotype. ♀, BRAZIL: Pará: Tucuruí, 3.83°S, 49.67°W, 20.vii–8.viii.1982, J.Vidal, CDC trap (INPA) [LACM ENT 013222].</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F03F4EF5310E0660F6FCF5FE75FA40	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Brown, Brian V.	Brown, Brian V. (2014): Revision of the Apocephalus analis group of ant-decapitating flies (Diptera: Phoridae). Zootaxa 3857 (4): 551-570, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3857.4.5
03F03F4EF5310E0760F6F9A4FD9AFD53.text	03F03F4EF5310E0760F6F9A4FD9AFD53.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Apocephalus analis Borgmeier	<div><p>Apocephalus analis Borgmeier</p><p>(Figs. 17, 20, 50)</p><p>Apocephalus analis Borgmeier, 1958: 318 –320, figs. 1–3, 14.</p><p>Syntypes. 14♂, 7♀, BRAZIL: Santa Catarina: Nova Teutônia, v.1945, vii.1956, F. Plaumann (MZSP; one female examined).</p><p>Diagnosis. Setae of posterior row of venter of segment 6 with some sclerotization around bases. Oviscape medially with beak shaped swelling. Ventral apex of oviscape only slightly downturned.</p><p>Updated description. Body length 1.4–1.8 mm. Frons 0.44–0.46 head width. Flagellomere 1 round, light brown. Pleuron whitish yellow. Costal 0.51–0.57 wing length. Halter light brown. Abdominal tergites light brown, tergites normal sized. Tergite 6 light brown, about as broad as tergite 5, entire, apical margin straight, posterior margin with few elongate thick setae. Venter of abdomen yellowish brown, dark grey near tergites, venter of segments 3–5 with scattered thin setae, venter of intersegment 6–7 membranous. Venter of segment 6 lacking sclerite, setation with posterior, v-shape row of long setae with sclerotization around bases and more anterior, shorter row. Oviscape elongate oval, anterior process broadly elongate, large setae absent. Dorsum of oviscape with apical beak shaped swelling; with two long thin posterolateral setae. Apex broadly truncate, slightly downturned, lacking apical setae. Ventral setae of oviscape absent. Intersegment 7–8 without sclerotization. Anterior arms of stylet anteriorly parallel, well separated, downturned at midlength.</p><p>Remarks. There is variation among specimens, with the female from Bahia, Brazil being larger and more setulose, whereas the USA specimens are smaller. These differences are minor relative to those I am using to discern species limits, however, and current evidence supports Borgmeier’s concept of a single widespread species.</p><p>Distribution. Southern Brazil, Peru, Ecuador to the southern USA.</p><p>Other specimen examined. ECUADOR: Los Rios: Rio Palenque Science Center,.6°S, 79.35°W, 180m, 3♀, 29.iv–5.v.1987, B.Brown, L.Coote, Malaise trap (LACM). BRAZIL: Bahia: Lencois, Rio Mucugezinho, 12.57˚S, 41.38˚W, 24.x.2008, Calor et al., light trap (MZSP). PERU: Madre de Dios: Zona Reserva Manu, Pakitza, 1♀, 23–28.ii.1992, B.Brown, D. Feener, Malaise trap #1 (LACM). USA: Texas: Aransas National Wildlife Refuge, 28.2667°N, 96.8167°W, 1♀, 20.v.1972, W.W.Wirth, Malaise trap (USNM), Kerrville, 30.05°N, 99.15°W, 1♀, vii.1954, L.J.Bottimer, light trap (USNM).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F03F4EF5310E0760F6F9A4FD9AFD53	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Brown, Brian V.	Brown, Brian V. (2014): Revision of the Apocephalus analis group of ant-decapitating flies (Diptera: Phoridae). Zootaxa 3857 (4): 551-570, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3857.4.5
03F03F4EF5300E0760F6FCD6FD7BFA1C.text	03F03F4EF5300E0760F6FCD6FD7BFA1C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Apocephalus camarae	<div><p>Apocephalus camarae new species</p><p>(Fig. 28)</p><p>Diagnosis. This species has a smaller anteromedial pair of setae adjacent to the posterior row on the venter of segment 6.</p><p>Description. Body length 1.4 mm. Frons 0.5 head width. Flagellomere 1 rounded oval, whitish yellow. Pleuron whitish yellow. Costa 0.56 wing length. Halter light brown. Abdominal tergites normal sized. Tergite 6 light brown, about as broad as tergite 5, entire, apical margin straight, posterior margin with few elongate thick setae. Venter of abdomen whitish yellow, venter of segments 3–5 with scattered thin setae, venter of intersegment 6–7 membranous, setae absent. Venter of segment 6 lacking sclerite, with row of long setae and slightly more anterior, smaller medial pair. Oviscape rounded, anterior process short, broadly rounded, with two large lateral setae: one dorsolateral and one ventrolateral. Dorsum of oviscape bare. Apex roundly pointed, downturned, with few small apical setae. Ventral setae of oviscape absent. Intersegment 7–8 without sclerotization. Anterior arms of stylet anteriorly parallel, well separated, stylet slightly curved in lateral view.</p><p>Distribution. Northeastern Brazil.</p><p>Derivation of specific epithet. Named for Brazilian dipterist Josenir Camara.</p><p>Holotype. ♀, BRAZIL: Bahia: Lencois, Rio Mucugezinho, 12.57°S, 41.38°W, 24.x.2008, Bandeza, Calor et al., light trap [LACM ENT 305129] (MZSP).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F03F4EF5300E0760F6FCD6FD7BFA1C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Brown, Brian V.	Brown, Brian V. (2014): Revision of the Apocephalus analis group of ant-decapitating flies (Diptera: Phoridae). Zootaxa 3857 (4): 551-570, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3857.4.5
03F03F4EF5300E0060F6F995FD51FEE3.text	03F03F4EF5300E0060F6F995FD51FEE3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Apocephalus criniventris	<div><p>Apocephalus criniventris new species</p><p>(Figs. 29–31, 48)</p><p>Diagnosis. This species can be recognized by the tuftlike groups of ventral setae on the abdomen.</p><p>Description. Body length 1.1 mm. Frons 0.52 head width. Flagellomere 1 pyriform, yellow. Pleuron whitish yellow. Costa 0.60 wing length. Halter yellow. Abdominal tergites yellowish-brown, normal sized. Tergite 6 yellowish-brown, about as broad as tergite 5, entire, apical margin straight, posterior margin with few elongate thick setae. Venter of abdomen whitish-yellow, venter of segments 3–5 each with long setae, venter of intersegment 6–7 with few lateral setae. Venter of segment 6 lacking sclerite, with row of four setae in lateral pairs separated by medial gap. Oviscape elongate oval, anterior process short, broadly rounded, large, curved posteroventral seta and thinner, shorter, slightly more posterodorsal seta. Dorsum of oviscape bare. Apex roundly pointed, downturned, with few small apical setae. Ventral setae of oviscape in lateral groups of three moderately long setae, increasing in size posteriorly. Intersegment 7–8 without sclerotization. Anterior arms of stylet anteriorly parallel, well separated, stylet slightly curved in lateral view.</p><p>Distribution. Known from a single specimen from Amazonian Peru. Derivation of specific epithet. From Latin words for “hairy belly”, refering to the setulose venter of the abdomen.</p><p>Holotype. ♀, PERU: Madre de Dios: Pakitza, 11.94°S, 71.28°W, 356m, 4–9.iii.1992, B.Brown, D.Feener, Malaise trap #1 (MUSM) [LACM ENT 012232].</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F03F4EF5300E0060F6F995FD51FEE3	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Brown, Brian V.	Brown, Brian V. (2014): Revision of the Apocephalus analis group of ant-decapitating flies (Diptera: Phoridae). Zootaxa 3857 (4): 551-570, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3857.4.5
03F03F4EF5370E0160F6F92CFCD0FDC3.text	03F03F4EF5370E0160F6F92CFCD0FDC3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Apocephalus gonzalezae	<div><p>Apocephalus gonzalezae new species</p><p>(Figs. 32, 33, 49)</p><p>Diagnosis. Anterior arms of stylet short; ventral setae in single row, apex ventrally curved.</p><p>Description. Body length 1.2 mm. Frons 0.47 head width. Flagellomere 1 round, light brown. Pleuron light brown. Costa 0.57 wing length. Halter yellow. Abdominal tergites light brown, normal sized. Tergite 6 light brown, about as broad as tergite 5, entire, apical margin slightly concave, posterior margin with few elongate thick setae. Venter of abdomen whitish yellow, venter of segments 3–5 with scattered thin setae. Venter of segment 6 lacking sclerite, with row of larger thick seta; pronounced gap between median pair. Oviscape elongate oval, anterior process short, broadly rounded, with large lateral seta present. Dorsum of oviscape with three posterolateral setae. Apex roundly pointed, strongly downturned, with few small apical setae. Ventral setae of oviscape absent. Intersegment 7–8 without sclerotization. Anterior arms of stylet anteriorly broadly rounded, almost quadrate in appearance, meeting only near tip.</p><p>Distribution. Costa Rica to Colombia.</p><p>Derivation of specific epithet. Named for Ms. Lisa Gonzalez, a member of the LACM Entomology team.</p><p>Holotype. ♀, COSTA RICA: Heredia: La Selva Biological Station, 10.43°N, 84.02°W, 40m, 3.iii.1993, ALAS, Malaise trap M/12/027 (INBC) [INBIOCRI002274048].</p><p>Paratypes. COLOMBIA: Amazonas: Mocagua, PNN Amacayacu, 3.82°S, 70.26°W, 2♀, 12–19.iii.2000, A.Parente, CAP-97, Malaise trap (IAVH, LACM). COSTA RICA: Limon: 4km NE Bribri, 9.63°N, 82.82°W, 50m, 1♀, xii.1989 – iii.1990, P.Hanson, Malaise trap (LACM); Puntarenas: 10km W Piedras Blancas, 8.75°N, 83.3°W, 100m, 1♀, iii–v.1989, P.Hanson, Malaise trap (LACM). PANAMA: Veraguas: Cerro Hoya, 7.30°N, 80.7°W, 1♀, 22–25.iv.1997, J.Deago, Malaise trap (LACM).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F03F4EF5370E0160F6F92CFCD0FDC3	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Brown, Brian V.	Brown, Brian V. (2014): Revision of the Apocephalus analis group of ant-decapitating flies (Diptera: Phoridae). Zootaxa 3857 (4): 551-570, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3857.4.5
03F03F4EF5360E0160F6FD26FAE6FA40.text	03F03F4EF5360E0160F6FD26FAE6FA40.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Apocephalus marinhoi	<div><p>Apocephalus marinhoi new species</p><p>(Fig. 34)</p><p>Diagnosis. This species has a distinct median gap between medioventral setae of segment 6, and a strongly downturned ventral apex of the oviscape; dorsally the oviscape appears truncate.</p><p>Description. Body length 1.1–1.5mm. Frons light brown, 0.48–0.53 head width. Flagellomere 1 round, light brown. Pleuron whitish yellow. Costa 0.53–0.59 wing length. Halter light brown. Abdominal tergites light brown, normal sized. Tergite 6 yellowish-brown, about as broad as tergite 5, entire, apical margin straight, with small medial lateral setae and two pairs of larger posterior setae. Venter of abdomen yellowish brown, dark grey near tergites, venter of segments 3–5 with scattered thin setae, longer on segment 5, venter of intersegment 6–7 membranous, setae absent. Venter of segment 6 lacking sclerite, with smaller posterior setae and row of four large setae in lateral pairs separated by medial gap. Oviscape elongate oval, anterior process short and narrow, with one dorsolateral and one ventrolateral setae. Dorsum of oviscape bare, with apex broadly truncate dorsally, ventrally pointed, strongly curved downward, with few small apical setae. Venter of oviscape with several lateral and two ventrolateral thin setae. Intersegment 7–8 without sclerotization. Anterior arms of stylet anteriorly parallel, well separated, stylet downturned at midlength.</p><p>Distribution. Central America to western Ecuador.</p><p>Derivation of specific epithet. Named for Brazilian dipterist Marco Marinho.</p><p>Holotype. ♀, PANAMA: San Blas: Nusagandi Reserve, 9.33°N, 79°W, 400m, 26.ii–5.iii.1994, J.Pickering, Malaise trap #2066 (MIUP) [LACM ENT 056003].</p><p>Paratypes. COSTA RICA: Guanacaste: Santa Rosa National Park, 10.95°N, 85.62°W, 300m, 1♀, 27.ix–18.x.1986, I.Gauld,D.Janzen, Malaise trap BH-12-C (LACM). ECUADOR: Los Rios: Rio Palenque Science Center,.6°S, 79.35°W, 180m, 1♀, 29.iv–5.v.1987, B.Brown, L.Coote, Malaise trap (LACM).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F03F4EF5360E0160F6FD26FAE6FA40	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Brown, Brian V.	Brown, Brian V. (2014): Revision of the Apocephalus analis group of ant-decapitating flies (Diptera: Phoridae). Zootaxa 3857 (4): 551-570, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3857.4.5
03F03F4EF5360E0260F6F9A4FD10FEC7.text	03F03F4EF5360E0260F6F9A4FD10FEC7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Apocephalus papei	<div><p>Apocephalus papei new species</p><p>(Figs. 35, 36, 50)</p><p>Diagnosis. This species is similar to A. amacayacuensis, but the setae on the posterior margin of segment 6 are sparser, thinner and more evenly spaced.</p><p>Description. Body length 1 mm. Frons 0.48 head width. Flagellomere 1 round, light brown. Pleuron light brown. Costa 0.57 wing length. Halter light brown. Abdominal tergites light brown, normal sized. Tergite 6 yellowish-brown, about as broad as tergite 5, entire, apical margin straight, posterior margin with few elongate thick setae. Venter of abdomen yellowish brown, venter of segments 3–5 with scattered thin setae, venter of intersegment 6–7 membranous, setae absent. Venter of segment 6 lacking sclerite, with five long, thin setae. Oviscape elongate oval, with long dorsolateral setae, anterior process short, broadly rounded, with large lateral seta present. Apex broadly rounded, slightly downturned, with few small apical setae. Venter of oviscape with large laterally-directed, curved lateral setae. Intersegment 7–8 without sclerotization. Anterior arms of stylet anteriorly broadly rounded, curving inward only near tip, stylet downturned at midlength.</p><p>Distribution. Amazonian Ecuador.</p><p>Derivation of specific epithet. Named for Dr. Thomas Pape, one of the collectors.</p><p>Holotype. ♀, ECUADOR: Napo, Yasuni NP, PUCE station, 0.63°S, 76.6°W, 3–29.xi.1998, T. Pape, B. Viklund, Malaise trap (LACM ENT 112414] (LACM).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F03F4EF5360E0260F6F9A4FD10FEC7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Brown, Brian V.	Brown, Brian V. (2014): Revision of the Apocephalus analis group of ant-decapitating flies (Diptera: Phoridae). Zootaxa 3857 (4): 551-570, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3857.4.5
03F03F4EF5350E0360F6F90AFED6FE0F.text	03F03F4EF5350E0360F6F90AFED6FE0F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Apocephalus pittadearaujoi	<div><p>Apocephalus pittadearaujoi new species</p><p>(Figs. 37, 38)</p><p>Diagnosis. This species has long, sparse scutal setae, and the venter of the oviscape is not strongly downturned. It differs from A. analis by having a flat apex of the oviscape, without the beak like swelling that A. analis has.</p><p>Description. Body length 1.1 mm. Frons 0.49 head width. Flagellomere 1 round, light brown. Pleuron light brown. Costa 0.53 wing length. Halter light brown. Abdominal tergites light brown, normal sized. Tergite 6 light brown, about as broad as tergite 5, entire, apical margin straight, posterior margin with few elongate thick setae. Venter of abdomen whitish yellow, venter of segments 3–5 lacking long setae, venter of intersegment 6–7 membranous, setae absent. Venter of segment 6 lacking sclerite, with posterior, v-shape row of long setae and more anterior, shorter row. Oviscape elongate oval, anterior process short, broadly rounded, with large lateral seta present. Dorsum of oviscape bare, with apex broadly truncate, relatively straight, with few small apical setae. Ventral setae of oviscape absent. Intersegment 7–8 without sclerotization. Anterior arms of stylet anteriorly parallel, well separated, stylet relatively flat.</p><p>Distribution. Southern Mexico.</p><p>Derivation of specific epithet. Named for Brazilian morphologist Diego Pitta de Araujo.</p><p>Holotype. ♀, MEXICO: Chiapas: Montebello, 16.12°N, 91.67°W, 19.vi.1969, Malaise trap (CNCI) [LACM ENT 113984].</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F03F4EF5350E0360F6F90AFED6FE0F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Brown, Brian V.	Brown, Brian V. (2014): Revision of the Apocephalus analis group of ant-decapitating flies (Diptera: Phoridae). Zootaxa 3857 (4): 551-570, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3857.4.5
03F03F4EF5340E1C60F6F96BFD15FD9E.text	03F03F4EF5340E1C60F6F96BFD15FD9E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Apocephalus riccardae	<div><p>Apocephalus riccardae new species</p><p>(Figs. 39)</p><p>Diagnosis. This species can be recognized by the two rows of ventral setae on the posterior margin of segment 6 with an extremely prominent median gap.</p><p>Description. Body length 1.5 mm. Frons 0.48 head width. Flagellomere 1 rounded oval, light brown. Pleuron light brown. Costa 0.53 wing length. Halter light brown. Abdominal tergites light brown, normal sized. Tergite 6 light brown, about as broad as tergite 5, entire, apical margin slightly concave, with one thick posterolateral setae and scattered thin setae. Venter of abdomen whitish yellow, venter of segments 3–5 each with long setae, venter of intersegment 6–7 membranous, setae absent. Venter of segment 6 lacking sclerite, with posterior row of long setae and more anterior row of shorter setae; dorsolaterally with two long setae. Oviscape rounded, anterior process short, broadly rounded, with large lateral seta. Dorsum of oviscape with scattered dorsolateral setulae on apical one-quarter. Apex broadly rounded, strongly downturned, with few small apical setae. Ventral setae of oviscape absent. Intersegment 7–8 without sclerotization. Anterior arms of stylet anteriorly parallel, well separated, stylet downturned at midlength.</p><p>Distribution. Southwestern Ecuador.</p><p>Derivation of specific epithet. Named for Brazilian dipterist Paula Riccardi.</p><p>Holotype. ♀, ECUADOR: Zamora Chinchipe: Rio Bombuscaro, 4.12°S, 78.98°W, 1100m, 26.vi–4.vii.1996, P.Hibbs, Malaise trap (LACM) [LACM ENT 061844].</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F03F4EF5340E1C60F6F96BFD15FD9E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Brown, Brian V.	Brown, Brian V. (2014): Revision of the Apocephalus analis group of ant-decapitating flies (Diptera: Phoridae). Zootaxa 3857 (4): 551-570, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3857.4.5
03F03F4EF52B0E1C60F6FD1DFD51FAA8.text	03F03F4EF52B0E1C60F6FD1DFD51FAA8.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Apocephalus strazhnikae	<div><p>Apocephalus strazhnikae new species</p><p>(Figs. 40, 51)</p><p>Diagnosis. This species can be recognized by the row of 10 ventral setae along the posterior margin of segment 6, the strongly downturned ventral apex of the oviscape, and the unusual form of the anterior arms of the stylet.</p><p>Description. Body length 1.1 mm. Frons 0.48 head width. Flagellomere 1 round, slightly enlarged, light brown. Pleuron light brown, nearly white. Costa 0.53 wing length. Halter light brown. Abdominal tergites light brown, normal sized. Tergite 6 light brown, about as broad as tergite 5, entire. Venter of abdomen whitish yellow, venter of segments 3–5 with scattered thin setae. Venter of segment 6 lacking sclerite. Oviscape elongate oval, anterior process short, broadly rounded, with large lateral seta present. Dorsum of oviscape with row of posterolateral setae. Apex roundly pointed, downturned, lacking dorsoapical setae. Ventral setae of oviscape absent. Intersegment 7–8 without sclerotization. Anterior arms of stylet narrow, elongate, curved to meet near apex, stylet downturned at midlength.</p><p>Distribution. Amazonian Peru.</p><p>Derivation of specific epithet. Named for Ms. Inna Marie Strazhnik, one of the members of the LACM Entomology team.</p><p>Holotype. ♀, PERU: Madre de Dios: Pakitza, 11.94°S, 71.28°W, 356m, 23–28.ii.1992, B.Brown, D.Feener, Malaise trap #1 (MUSM) [LACM ENT 012208].</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F03F4EF52B0E1C60F6FD1DFD51FAA8	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Brown, Brian V.	Brown, Brian V. (2014): Revision of the Apocephalus analis group of ant-decapitating flies (Diptera: Phoridae). Zootaxa 3857 (4): 551-570, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3857.4.5
03F03F4EF52B0E1D60F6FACCFEECFEBF.text	03F03F4EF52B0E1D60F6FACCFEECFEBF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Apocephalus xavierfilhoi	<div><p>Apocephalus xavierfilhoi new species</p><p>(Figs. 41, 42)</p><p>Diagnosis. This species is similar to A. gonzalezae, with a single row of ventral setae, large lateral setae, and a downturned ventral apex, but ventral setae of the posterior margin of segment 6 are longer and thicker than in that species.</p><p>Description. Body length 1.1–1.3 mm. Frons 0.44 head width. Flagellomere 1 rounded oval, light brown. Pleuron light brown. Costa 0.5 wing length (both specimens). Halter light brown. Abdominal tergites light brown, normal sized. Tergite 6 light brown, about as broad as tergite 5, entire, apical margin straight, with one thick posterolateral setae and scattered thin setae. Venter of abdomen whitish yellow, venter of segments 3–5 with scattered thin setae, venter of intersegment 6–7 with rounded, thinly sclerotized plate producing vertical surface in posterior view. Venter of segment 6 lacking sclerite, with row of larger thick seta; pronounced gap between median pair. Oviscape elongate oval, anterior process short, broadly rounded, with large lateral seta present. Dorsum of oviscape with three posterolateral setae. Apex roundly pointed, strongly downturned, lacking dorsoapical setae. Ventral setae of oviscape absent. Intersegment 7–8 without sclerotization. Anterior arms of stylet anteriorly parallel, well separated, stylet downturned at midlength.</p><p>Distribution. Amazonian Brazil.</p><p>Derivation of specific epithet. Named for Francisco Felipe Xavier-Filho in thanks for his help in field work.</p><p>Holotype. ♀, BRAZIL: Amazonas: Manaus, Reserva Ducke, 3.13°S, 60.02°W, 4–13.xi.1993, J.Vidal, 1-B- 1m (INPA) [LACM ENT 029886].</p><p>Paratype. ♀, BRAZIL: Amazonas: Manaus, Reserva Ducke, 3.13°S, 60.02°W, 4–13.xi.1993, J.Vidal, 1-B- 1m (LACM).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F03F4EF52B0E1D60F6FACCFEECFEBF	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Brown, Brian V.	Brown, Brian V. (2014): Revision of the Apocephalus analis group of ant-decapitating flies (Diptera: Phoridae). Zootaxa 3857 (4): 551-570, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3857.4.5
03F03F4EF52A0E1E60F6FC09FA75FBF4.text	03F03F4EF52A0E1E60F6FC09FA75FBF4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Apocephalus analis	<div><p>Key to Apocephalus analis group species (females only).</p><p>1. Anepisternum with pair of large setae (Fig. 54)............................................. A. amenti new species</p><p>- Anepisternum without large setae......................................................................... 2</p><p>2 Venter of segment six with comblike row of closely-placed setae (Figs. 10–12)..................................... 3</p><p>- Venter of segment six lacking comblike row of setae.......................................................... 5</p><p>3. Hind tibia with two setal palisades (Fig. 3)............................................... A. bilineatus new species</p><p>- Hind tibia with one setal palisade......................................................................... 4</p><p>4. Segment six ventrally with hooklike spines, in addition to dense setae (Fig. 11)................... A. comatus Borgmeier</p><p>- Segment six ventrally with dense setae and few straight, long, thick setae (Fig. 112)............ A. rectilineatus new species</p><p>5. Venter of segment 6 with pair of short, thick, thornlike setae (Figs. 14–16)........................................ 6</p><p>- Venter of segment 6 lacking pair of short, thick, thornlike setae, but often with longer, thinner setae.................... 8</p><p>6. Thornlike setae close together, near midline (Fig. 16).................................... A. paracanthus new species</p><p>- Thornlike setae farther apart (Figs. 14, 15).................................................................. 7</p><p>7. Thornlike setae nearly in straight line with rectangular shiny area; with only short setulae along posterior margin of sternite 6 laterally....................................................................... A. euryacanthus new species</p><p>- Thornlike setae higher above shiny area (Fig. 12); with longer setulae along posterior margin of sternite 6 laterally....................................................................................... A. mexacanthus new species</p><p>8. Abdominal segments 3–6 each with long ventral setae; posterior margin of segment 6 with one incomplete row of ventral setae (Fig. 14)........................................................................ A. criniventris new species</p><p>- Abdominal segments 3–5 lacking long setae, although shorter setae often present; posterior setation of venter of segment 6 var- ious (Fig. 15)......................................................................................... 9</p><p>9. Venter of segment six with patch of dark shiny sclerotization around bases of largest medial setae; ventral setae relatively short (Figs 9, 13)....................................................................... A. holdenae new species</p><p>- Venter of segment six without shiny sclerotization; length of setae various, often long.............................. 10</p><p>10. Medial pair of posterior row of setae on venter of segment 6 close together (as in Fig. 27); ventral apex of oviscape only slightly curved ventrally near apex (as in Fig. 53)........................................................... 11</p><p>- Medial pair of setae separated by prominent gap relative to rest of row, or row widely spaced; ventral apex of oviscape in most species strongly and evenly curved ventrally (Fig. 52)........................................................ 13</p><p>11. Posterior row of setae on venter of segment six with medial pair slightly anterior to, and clearly shorter and smaller than, main row (Fig. 28)....................................................................... A. camarae new species</p><p>- Medial pair as large or larger than rest of row.............................................................. 12</p><p>12. Dorsal apex of oviscape flat (Fig. 37); abdominal segment 6 lacking large lateral seta (Figs. 37–38).................................................................................................. A. pittadearaujoi new species</p><p>- Dorsal apex of oviscape swollen relative to lateral areas (Fig. 26); large lateral seta present on segment 6 (Figs. 25, 27)........................................................................................... A. analis Borgmeier</p><p>13. Oviscape with relatively short thick pair of posterolateral setae that are much thicker than posterolateral setae of dorsum of</p><p>segment 6; setae of posterior row of segment 6 also relatively short, thick (Figs. 23–24)............ A. amorimi new species - Oviscape with relatively longer, thinner pair of posterolateral setae; setae of posterior row of segment 6 relatively longer, thinner................................................................................................ 14</p><p>14. Posterior row of setae on venter of segment 6 evenly spaced; setae on venter of intersegment 6–7 nearly as large as those of posterior row of segment 6 (Figs. 20, 36).................................................................. 15</p><p>- Posterior row of setae on venter of segment 6 with pronounced gap; intersegmental setae, if present, at most one half length of posterior row........................................................................................ 16</p><p>15. Ventral apex of oviscape broad, only slightly downturned (as in Fig. 53); ventral setae of segment 6 brown, relatively thin, evenly spaced; oviscape with long lateral seta at midlength (Figs. 35–36); dorsum of oviscape with pair of long setae at apical one third; anterior arms of stylet rounded, with medial projection (Fig. 50)........................ A. papei new species</p><p>- Ventral apex of oviscape evenly narrowed, pointed, strongly curved ventrally; venter of segment 6 with four thicker setae; oviscape without long lateral seta at midlength (Figs. 19–20); dorsum of oviscape with shorter setae at apical one third; anterior arms of stylet more parallel sided, with medial projection (Fig. 44)........................... A.amati new species</p><p>16. Dorsum of oviscape with pair of long dorsolateral setae at apical one third, plus smaller but still elongate setae to apex (Fig. 17)........................................................................ A. amacayacuensis new species</p><p>- Dorsum of oviscape with short dorsolateral seta only........................................................ 17</p><p>17. Posterior setae on venter of segment 6 with at least a few more anterior, smaller setae (Figs. 34, 39); medial gap large; oviscape strongly downturned at dorsal apex, appearing truncate....................................................... 18</p><p>- Posterior setae on venter of segment 6 in single row, without immediately more anterior, smaller setae (Figs. 33, 40, 41); oviscape straighter at dorsal apex, appearing broadly pointed..................................................... 19</p><p>18. Setae of posterior row relatively equal in size, with medial pair not greatly differentiated in thickness or length; medial gap extremely large; middle pair of more anterior setae not enlarged, not appearing to mirror middle pair of posterior row (Fig. 39)................................................................................. A. riccardae new species</p><p>- Setae of posterior row relatively unequal in size, with medial two pairs greatly longer and thicker than others (especially middle pair); medial gap more subtle; middle pair of more anterior setae enlarged, appearing to mirror middle pair of posterior row (Fig. 34).......................................................................... A. marinhoi new species</p><p>19. Venter of segment 6 with posterior row of 10 setae (Fig. 40); stylet with thin, bowed arms (Fig. 51).................................................................................................... A. strazhnikae new species</p><p>- Posterior row with 6–8 setae; anterior arms of stylet thicker, not bowed.......................................... 20</p><p>20. Posterior row of setae on venter of segment 6 larger, thicker, about one half length of oviscape (Figs. 41–42)............................................................................................. A. xavierfilhoi new species</p><p>- Posterior row of setae on venter of segment 6 smaller, thinner, about one quarter length of oviscape (Fig. 33).............................................................................................. A. gonzalezae new species</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F03F4EF52A0E1E60F6FC09FA75FBF4	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Brown, Brian V.	Brown, Brian V. (2014): Revision of the Apocephalus analis group of ant-decapitating flies (Diptera: Phoridae). Zootaxa 3857 (4): 551-570, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3857.4.5
