taxonID	type	description	language	source
03F18793E94A175D27A8DD9CFD0B0C7F.taxon	description	(Figure 1)	en	Pedrouzo, Lucía, Cobo, M. Carmen, García-Álvarez, Óscar, Rueda, José L., Gofas, Serge, Urgorri, Victoriano (2014): Solenogastres (Mollusca) from expeditions off the South Iberian Peninsula, with the description of a new species. Journal of Natural History (J. Nat. Hist.) 48 (45 - 48): 2985-3006, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2014.959576, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2014.959576
03F18793E94A175D27A8DD9CFD0B0C7F.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined Seven specimens. Two specimens cut in serial sections and one specimen dissected to study copulatory stylets. Internal anatomy manually reconstructed (Figure 1 E). Gulf of Cádiz (INDEMARES / Chica 0610 and 0211): two specimens, 456 – 478 m depth. Alborán Sea (DEEPER 0409 and INDEMARES / Alborán 0911): five specimens, 121 – 365 m depth (Table 1).	en	Pedrouzo, Lucía, Cobo, M. Carmen, García-Álvarez, Óscar, Rueda, José L., Gofas, Serge, Urgorri, Victoriano (2014): Solenogastres (Mollusca) from expeditions off the South Iberian Peninsula, with the description of a new species. Journal of Natural History (J. Nat. Hist.) 48 (45 - 48): 2985-3006, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2014.959576, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2014.959576
03F18793E94A175D27A8DD9CFD0B0C7F.taxon	distribution	Distribution Type locality. Swedish west coast. Further records from Kattegat-North Sea (Scandinavia to Scotland); Iceland; British Isles; Roscoff (France); Gulf of Cádiz (this report); from the West Mediterranean Sea to the South Adriatic Sea. 10 – 565 m depth (Salvini-Plawen 1997; García-Álvarez and Salvini-Plawen 2007, 2011; this report).	en	Pedrouzo, Lucía, Cobo, M. Carmen, García-Álvarez, Óscar, Rueda, José L., Gofas, Serge, Urgorri, Victoriano (2014): Solenogastres (Mollusca) from expeditions off the South Iberian Peninsula, with the description of a new species. Journal of Natural History (J. Nat. Hist.) 48 (45 - 48): 2985-3006, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2014.959576, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2014.959576
03F18793E94A175D27A8DD9CFD0B0C7F.taxon	description	Description Short and thick-bodied specimens (4.65 – 15.3 mm long; 1.96 – 5.4 mm wide) with truncated ends and a clear dorso-longitudinal crest. This crest or keel discriminates the species distinctly from other Iberian congeners but not from other Neomeniamorpha (Salvini-Plawen 2006). White-yellowish colour in 70 % ethanol (Figure 1 A). The following description of internal anatomy is based on two immature specimens: measurements and reconstructions are based on one of them, which was about 8.5 mm long and 2.08 mm wide. Cuticle 30 – 50 μm thick with numerous epidermal papillae. Solid sclerites of four types: acicular (60 – 120 μm long; 2.5 – 5 μm wide) arranged all over the cuticle; excavated scales with a soft keel on the distal end (55 – 100 μm long; 1.5 – 5 μm wide) which had not been previously described (Nierstrasz and Stork 1940) (Figure 1 C); excavated scales (90 – 105 μm long; 15 μm wide) (Figure 1 B), both inserted among the acicular sclerites and arrow pointed sclerites with a rim in the basal area (65 – 105 μm long; 15 – 20 μm wide) inserted at the dorsal crest (Figure 1 D). Pedal groove with up to 5 folds, of which the central one is the longest (Figure 1 F). Large pallial cavity with 18 to 30 radial respiratory folds (Figure 1 H). The lower number of pedal and respiratory folds observed and compared to Nierstrasz and Stork (1940) is due to the sexual immaturity of the specimens studied here. The pallial cavity has a wide anteroventral pouch, into which the spawning ducts, the copulatory stylets, and their associated glands open. Common atriobuccal cavity with mouth located in the end of a muscular pharynx tube, which was retracted in the specimens studied, leading to the formation of a dorsal fold in the pharynx. Medial part of the foregut surrounded by a thick muscle layer that diminishes in thickness posteriorly: the foregut tube becomes narrower until it opens centrally into the midgut. Very slightly developed gonads. Voluminous pericardium (360 µm high, 540 µm wide and 440 µm long) with the anterior part of the heart connected to its anterior dorsal wall. The greater part of the heart extends in the shape of a tube along the interior of the pericardium and its posterior half divides into two lateral atria. Long and narrow pericardioducts, which originate from the lateroventral region of the pericardium. Long and narrow paired spawning ducts, with two pouches located anteriorly to the union with the pericardioducts, which can be interpreted as a pair of incipient seminal receptacles. The posteriorly fused spawning ducts open dorsally into the anteroventral pouch of the pallial cavity. There is a pair of sets of copulatory stylets located ventrolaterally in the posterior body. Each stylet group is made up of two stylets 210 µm long: one acicular and narrow (10 – 15 µm diameter) with a pointed distal part, within a second thicker grooved stylet (15 – 20 µm wide), which is more malleable than the acicular one. The grooved stylet is half-moon shaped when cut in cross-section, and encloses the acicular stylet partially (Figure 1 G). Each pair of stylets is accompanied by a very voluminous gland, its proximal part extends anteriorly and its posterior part accompanies the stylets along their whole length. Glands and copulatory stylets open ventrally into the anteroventral pouch of the pallial cavity. In the studied specimen which has the pallial cavity opening closed, the dorsoterminal sense organ is located within the posterior part of the pallial cavity. The dorsoterminal sense organ is characterized by the presence of ciliated cells and is connected to the pallial cavity by a groove. The sense organ is exposed only when the animal opens the pallial cavity wide. Taxonomic remarks The present specimens were assigned to the species N. carinata based on the habitus with a crest and general characteristics of the copulatory stylets and sclerites. One type of sclerites was found, which has not been previously described (keeled excavated scales) and which cannot be found in specimens from Scandinavia (2014 letter from C. Todt to Lucía Pedrouzo; unreferenced). The juvenile specimen used for reconstruction of internal anatomy had well-developed copulatory stylets, but the gonads were small, the spawning duct epithelium relatively low, and a muscular genital papilla with cone-shaped sclerotized protusions, as typically found in Scandinavian N. carinata (‘ mushroom-like organ’ in Tullberg’ s (1875) original description; 2014 letter from C. Todt to Lucía Pedrouzo; unreferenced), was lacking. Due to the overall similarity of our specimens with the original description of the species from Scandinavia (Tullberg 1875) and the successive description of specimens from the Mediterranean by Nierstrasz and Stork (1940), we assign our Iberian specimens to N. carinata. Future investigations directly comparing fully mature specimens from Scandinavian and Mediterranean waters are desirable. Habitat and associated fauna Both specimens from the Gulf of Cádiz were collected on the seafloor adjacent to the mud volcano Gazul, on a bottom of bioclasts and muddy sand associated to aggregations of the crinoid Leptometra phalangium (Müller) and the actiniarian Actinauge richardi (Marion), at depths of 456 – 478 m. One of the five specimens collected in the Alborán Sea was found on the seafloor close to Alborán Island on muddy gravel at 121 – 169 m depth, where the holothuroidean Parastichopus regalis Clark was very abundant. Four specimens were collected on the seamount Avempace at 349 – 365 m depth on sediment of bioclastic gravel with large aggregations of L. phalangium. It is not known what N. carinata feeds on and none of the specimens collected here was directly associated with a potential prey organism. No cnidocysts were found in the midgut on the sectioned specimens.	en	Pedrouzo, Lucía, Cobo, M. Carmen, García-Álvarez, Óscar, Rueda, José L., Gofas, Serge, Urgorri, Victoriano (2014): Solenogastres (Mollusca) from expeditions off the South Iberian Peninsula, with the description of a new species. Journal of Natural History (J. Nat. Hist.) 48 (45 - 48): 2985-3006, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2014.959576, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2014.959576
03F18793E947175F27D5DE1BFF440C5F.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined Six specimens. One specimen cut in serial sections. Alborán Sea (DEEPER 0409), 349 – 365 m depth (Table 1).	en	Pedrouzo, Lucía, Cobo, M. Carmen, García-Álvarez, Óscar, Rueda, José L., Gofas, Serge, Urgorri, Victoriano (2014): Solenogastres (Mollusca) from expeditions off the South Iberian Peninsula, with the description of a new species. Journal of Natural History (J. Nat. Hist.) 48 (45 - 48): 2985-3006, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2014.959576, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2014.959576
03F18793E947175F27D5DE1BFF440C5F.taxon	distribution	Distribution Type locality. Galician Bank (NW Iberian Peninsula). Further records: NW Iberian Peninsula (García-Álvarez and Salvini-Plawen 2007; 2013 letter from M. Zamarro to Lucía Pedrouzo; unreferenced) and Alborán Sea (this report). 349 – 1499 m depth.	en	Pedrouzo, Lucía, Cobo, M. Carmen, García-Álvarez, Óscar, Rueda, José L., Gofas, Serge, Urgorri, Victoriano (2014): Solenogastres (Mollusca) from expeditions off the South Iberian Peninsula, with the description of a new species. Journal of Natural History (J. Nat. Hist.) 48 (45 - 48): 2985-3006, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2014.959576, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2014.959576
03F18793E947175F27D5DE1BFF440C5F.taxon	description	Description Body 6.41 – 13.5 mm long with an anterior part (0.9 – 1.6 mm) wider than the posterior one (0.6 – 0.8 mm), without keels or lumps (Figure 2 A, B). Cuticle 20 – 50 μm thick, with epidermal papillae on the base. Hollow sclerites arranged in a layer and clearly protruding from the cuticular surface. Five types: acicular, straight and long with a harpoon-shaped distal end (360 – 520 μm long; 8 – 14 μm wide); sclerites with a hookshaped distal end, with a sharp tip on the hook curve and a curved proximal end (110 – 180 μm long; 7 – 9 μm wide); acicular sigmoid sclerites (120 – 160 μm long; 5 – 7 μm wide); acicular and slightly arched sclerites with a flattened distal end, serrated in their convex margin with 6 – 9 teeth (230 – 300 μm long; 8 – 10 μm wide) only in the anterior half of the body and knife-shaped scales associated to the pedal groove (75 – 90 μm long; 12 – 14 μm wide). Sixteen circumpharyngeal follicular glands with a bubbly appearance, typical of the species, were observed in the medial region of the pharynx. Taxonomic remarks The specimens found in this study could unambiguously be assigned to U. hirsuta and our analyses corroborate the earlier findings by Garcia-Alvarez et al. (2001). Here, we extend the distribution of the species into the Mediterranean Sea. Habitat and associated fauna Unciherpia hirsuta was first described from an area with abundant madreporarian Madrepora oculata (Linnaeus) on the Galician Bank (NW Iberian Peninsula) at 760 – 769 m depth (García-Álvarez et al. 2001) and later found in the same region on different bottoms (muddy sand, stones, corals, clay and nodules) at 579 – 1499 m depth (2013 letter from M. Zamarro to Lucía Pedrouzo; unreferenced). The specimens studied come from the area surrounding the seamount Avempace (Alborán Sea) at 349 – 365 m depth, which is a seafloor of bioclastic gravel, where the crinoid Leptometra phalangium is the most abundant species, followed by the bivalve Limopsis aurita (Brocchi) and the polychaete Hyalinoecia tubicola (Müller).	en	Pedrouzo, Lucía, Cobo, M. Carmen, García-Álvarez, Óscar, Rueda, José L., Gofas, Serge, Urgorri, Victoriano (2014): Solenogastres (Mollusca) from expeditions off the South Iberian Peninsula, with the description of a new species. Journal of Natural History (J. Nat. Hist.) 48 (45 - 48): 2985-3006, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2014.959576, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2014.959576
03F18793E945175A2744DE1BFEF10FDF.taxon	description	(Figures 3 – 5)	en	Pedrouzo, Lucía, Cobo, M. Carmen, García-Álvarez, Óscar, Rueda, José L., Gofas, Serge, Urgorri, Victoriano (2014): Solenogastres (Mollusca) from expeditions off the South Iberian Peninsula, with the description of a new species. Journal of Natural History (J. Nat. Hist.) 48 (45 - 48): 2985-3006, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2014.959576, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2014.959576
03F18793E945175A2744DE1BFEF10FDF.taxon	materials_examined	Type material Holotype. MNCN 15.02. 100. One adult specimen cut in serial sections (24 slides) at 5 µm; two sclerites slides. Internal anatomy manually reconstructed (Figure 4 A, B). Type locality Seamount Avempace (Alborán Sea) (DEEPER 0409 – BT 04) 36 ° 21.1 ′ N, 03 ° 58.6 ′ W, 349 m / 36 ° 21.1 ′ N, 03 ° 58.1 ′ W, 365 m (Table 1).	en	Pedrouzo, Lucía, Cobo, M. Carmen, García-Álvarez, Óscar, Rueda, José L., Gofas, Serge, Urgorri, Victoriano (2014): Solenogastres (Mollusca) from expeditions off the South Iberian Peninsula, with the description of a new species. Journal of Natural History (J. Nat. Hist.) 48 (45 - 48): 2985-3006, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2014.959576, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2014.959576
03F18793E945175A2744DE1BFEF10FDF.taxon	etymology	Etymology The name was chosen with regard to the seamount Avempace, where the holotype was collected.	en	Pedrouzo, Lucía, Cobo, M. Carmen, García-Álvarez, Óscar, Rueda, José L., Gofas, Serge, Urgorri, Victoriano (2014): Solenogastres (Mollusca) from expeditions off the South Iberian Peninsula, with the description of a new species. Journal of Natural History (J. Nat. Hist.) 48 (45 - 48): 2985-3006, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2014.959576, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2014.959576
03F18793E945175A2744DE1BFEF10FDF.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis Long and slender; maximum body length at least 17.18 mm. Body surface velvety. Thick cuticle with epidermal papillae. Main body sclerites hollow acicular, either straight or curved, and slender blade-shaped scales. Pedal groove with 3 folds along its whole length. Atrial papillae digitiform. Two types of preradular pharyngeal glands. Ventrolateral foregut glands with one main duct and two ramifications and monoserial radula, teeth with five denticles: a single central denticle with paired tips, flanked by a pair of small and a pair of large denticles. With chondroid cells between the sheath and the radular sac. Long pharynx. Long and narrow oesophagus. Very long anterodorsal intestinal caecum. One pair of large seminal receptacles. Secondary genital opening unpaired in the ventroanterior region of the pallial cavity, with a muscular sphincter. With few respiratory folds. Dorsoterminal sense organ in dorsal position.	en	Pedrouzo, Lucía, Cobo, M. Carmen, García-Álvarez, Óscar, Rueda, José L., Gofas, Serge, Urgorri, Victoriano (2014): Solenogastres (Mollusca) from expeditions off the South Iberian Peninsula, with the description of a new species. Journal of Natural History (J. Nat. Hist.) 48 (45 - 48): 2985-3006, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2014.959576, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2014.959576
03F18793E945175A2744DE1BFEF10FDF.taxon	description	Description Habitus. Specimen 17.18 mm long and 0.9 mm thick in its medial body region; wider in its anterior body (1.02 mm) and narrow in its posterior body (0.71 mm) (Figure 3 A). Radial sclerites protrude somewhat from the body surface, giving the animal a velvety shine. Pedal pit and groove very marked externally (Figure 3 B). Whiteyellowish colour in 70 % ethanol. Mantle. Cuticle 50 – 70 µm thick, with stalked epidermal papillae. With three types of sclerites arranged in several layers: hollow acicular of two types, either straight or curved, (80 – 205 µm long and 5 – 10 µm wide) (Figure 3 C) and blade-shaped scales (110 µm long and 5 µm wide). No scales of the pedal groove were observed. Pedal groove and pallial cavity. Wide pedal pit (110 – 150 µm long, 200 µm high and 260 µm wide). Pedal groove with three folds that do not reach into the pallial cavity: large central fold with a smaller lateral fold on each side. Subterminal pallial cavity with six radial respiratory folds (Figure 5 F). The spawning duct opens into the ventroanterior region of the cavity, whereas the rectum opens into the dorsoanterior region. No accessory reproductive structures were observed. Digestive system. Mouth opening in the posterior area of the atrium. Pharynx narrow along its whole length. It is surrounded by numerous spherical pharyngeal gland cells with a long and narrow stalk, and by a thin layer of longitudinal and circular musculature, less clear in the medial area. The ventrolateral foregut glands are branched ducts with terminal groups of glandular cells, type D (Salvini-Plawen 1978) or Amphimenia-type (Handl and Todt 2005). Each glandular organ opens laterally via a cone-shaped papilla into the preradular region of the pharynx (Figure 5 B). The main duct of each glandular organ extends laterodorsally to the pharynx with many curvatures and bears two ramifications, a short dorsal and a longer ventral one. Radula with a muscular sheath and a ventral sac, between which a set of chondroid cells serve as a support. Monoserial radula with 8 rows of trapezoidal teeth (21 – 30 µm wide and high). Each tooth has five denticles: a pair of large lateral denticles (10 – 11 µm high), a pair of smaller intermediate denticles (6 – 8 µm high) and a single central denticle (4 – 6 µm high) with two distal tips (Figures 3 D, 5 C, D, E). The long and narrow oesophagus opens ventroanteriorly into the midgut. Very long, tube-shaped dorsoanterior midgut caecum that reaches the anterior part of the atrium. The midgut lacks constrictions. The rectum, with triangular outline in cross section, extends under the pericardium. Narrow anus of circular cross section. Nervous system and sense organs. Large cerebral ganglion (85 µm long, 90 µm high and 240 µm wide) of oval cross section, located dorsally to the anterior part of the pharynx and ventrally to the anterior part of the dorsal caecum. It has two small lateral ganglia. Buccal ganglia located near the outlet of the lateral glandular organs. Large pedal ganglia (50 µm wide, 305 µm long) connected by a narrow commissure. Suprarectal commissure located under the terminal segment of the pericardium, where the pericardioducts come up. Atrial sense organ with numerous digitiform papillae, narrow and long (Figure 5 A). Dorsoterminal sense organ located in a cleft of the cuticle, dorsal to the posterior part of the pallial cavity. Gonopericardial system. Paired gonad located dorsally of the digestive tract reaching into the anterior part of the body. Spermatozoa and oocytes were observed in the posterior part of the body. Gonads taper as a pair of gonopericardioducts that continue into a very voluminous pericardium (710 µm long, 280 µm high and 50 µm wide). Tubular heart 25 – 45 µm long. Two types of blood cells were found: round erythrocytes with a distinct central nucleus and oval granulocytes without a clear nucleus. The posterior part of the pericardium gives off the pericardioducts, which bend and continue anteriorly until connecting with the spawning ducts. Both spawning ducts stretch anteriorly and form large seminal receptacles. The spawning ducts unite in their medial area in a single duct that opens through a muscular sphincter into the ventroanterior region of the pallial cavity. Taxonomic remarks The shape of the outlet of the foregut glandular organs as well as the presence of a monoserial radula, respiratory folds and a dorsoterminal sense organ, place this species within the genus Alexandromenia. Of the nine species that make up this genus, four are known from the extended geographical area of Alexandromenia avempacensis sp. nov.: Alexandromenia crassa Odhner, 1921, from Bergen (Norway), 100 – 200 m depth; A. pilosa Handl and Salvini-Plawen, 2002, from Trondheimsfjord (Norway), 180 – 240 m; A. grimaldii Leloup, 1946, from the Azores Islands, 1250 m and A. gulaglandulata Salvini-Plawen, 2008, from the West European Basin, 1050 m (García-Álvarez and Salvini-Plawen 2007; Salvini-Plawen 2008). These species are quite distant biogeographically and bathymetrically and show clear morphological differences from A. avempacensis sp. nov. A. crassa has more pedal and respiratory folds (nine and 10 respectively) and radula teeth with a greater number of medial denticles (seven to eight small denticles) (Odhner 1921). Alexandromenia pilosa has more pedal and respiratory folds (three to five and 15 respectively); radula teeth with only four denticles and a central denticle is lacking. In addition, this species has a shorter bilobed midgut caecum and the spawning duct is lacking a papilla (Handl and Salvini-Plawen 2002). Alexandromenia grimaldii has more pedal and respiratory folds (three to seven and 17 respectively). The radula teeth are U-shaped, that is, with two large lateral denticles each accompanied by a mediodistal small denticle. The dorsoanterior caecum of the midgut is short in this species (Leloup 1946; Salvini-Plawen 1972). Alexandromenia gulaglandulata has more pedal folds (18 in the anterior part, which decrease to four in the opening of the pallial cavity), a greater number of respiratory folds (16), radula teeth with only two denticles, a much shorter anterodorsal caecum of the midgut, and the spawning duct of this species is surrounded by a dense mass of glands (Salvini-Plawen 2008). Habitat and associated fauna The holotype was collected at 349 – 365 m depth in the area surrounding the seamount Avempace (Alborán Sea) at 349 – 365 m depth, on a seafloor covered by bioclastic gravel, where the crinoid Leptometra phalangium is the most abundant species, followed by the bivalve Limopsis aurita (Brocchi) and the polychaete Hyalinoecia tubicola (Müller). No cnidocysts were found in the midgut of the specimen.	en	Pedrouzo, Lucía, Cobo, M. Carmen, García-Álvarez, Óscar, Rueda, José L., Gofas, Serge, Urgorri, Victoriano (2014): Solenogastres (Mollusca) from expeditions off the South Iberian Peninsula, with the description of a new species. Journal of Natural History (J. Nat. Hist.) 48 (45 - 48): 2985-3006, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2014.959576, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2014.959576
03F18793E940174527E1DD9AFE790D66.taxon	description	Figure 2 C – E	en	Pedrouzo, Lucía, Cobo, M. Carmen, García-Álvarez, Óscar, Rueda, José L., Gofas, Serge, Urgorri, Victoriano (2014): Solenogastres (Mollusca) from expeditions off the South Iberian Peninsula, with the description of a new species. Journal of Natural History (J. Nat. Hist.) 48 (45 - 48): 2985-3006, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2014.959576, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2014.959576
03F18793E940174527E1DD9AFE790D66.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined Nineteen specimens. One specimen cut in serial sections. Gulf of Cádiz (INDEMARES / Chica 0211): 10 specimens, 564 – 945 m depth. Alborán Sea (INDEMARES / Alborán 0911): nine specimens, 100 – 125 m depth (Table 1).	en	Pedrouzo, Lucía, Cobo, M. Carmen, García-Álvarez, Óscar, Rueda, José L., Gofas, Serge, Urgorri, Victoriano (2014): Solenogastres (Mollusca) from expeditions off the South Iberian Peninsula, with the description of a new species. Journal of Natural History (J. Nat. Hist.) 48 (45 - 48): 2985-3006, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2014.959576, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2014.959576
03F18793E940174527E1DD9AFE790D66.taxon	distribution	Distribution Type locality. La Calle Argelia (Western Mediterranean) (Kowalevsky 1880). Further records: Mediterranean Sea (Malta Islands to Alborán Sea); Gorringe Bank; Gulf of Cádiz (this report); Azores Islands and NW Iberian Peninsula. 65 – 845 m depth (García-Álvarez et al. 1999; Salvini-Plawen 1972; García-Álvarez and Salvini- Plawen 2007, 2011; Mifsud et al. 2008).	en	Pedrouzo, Lucía, Cobo, M. Carmen, García-Álvarez, Óscar, Rueda, José L., Gofas, Serge, Urgorri, Victoriano (2014): Solenogastres (Mollusca) from expeditions off the South Iberian Peninsula, with the description of a new species. Journal of Natural History (J. Nat. Hist.) 48 (45 - 48): 2985-3006, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2014.959576, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2014.959576
03F18793E940174527E1DD9AFE790D66.taxon	description	Description Specimens elongate and coiled (14 – 30 mm long; 0.76 – 1.5 mm wide), without keels or lumps, with rounded body ends (Figure 2 C – E). Thick cuticle (up to 200 μm) with pedunculate epidermal papillae. Two types of sclerites arranged in six to seven layers tightly interwoven: main body sclerites are hollow acicular with slightly curved in their medial area (125 – 325 μm long; 15 – 20 μm wide) and knife-shaped scales (50 – 75 μm long; 13 – 14 μm wide) on both sides of the pedal groove. Taxonomic remarks Based on hard parts and internal anatomy, the present specimens could be unambiguously identified as Anamenia gorgonophila. Habitat and associated fauna Of the 10 specimens collected off the Gulf of Cádiz, three specimens come from the volcano Chica and they were found on gorgonians of the species Acanthogorgia hirsuta Gray and Placogorgia spp. Wright and Studer on a substratum of thick sand, gravel and rocks at 660 – 667 m depth; the typical community of this volcano is dominated by Octocorallia, including representatives of Pennatulacea and Alcyonacea (e. g. Callogorgia verticillata [Pallas]). Six specimens come from the volcano Pipoca and also there they were found on the gorgonians A. hirsuta and Placogorgia spp., at 564 – 695 m depth. The habitat was characterized by aggregations of gorgonians (A. hirsuta, Swiftia pallida Madsen) and antipatharians (Leiopathes glaberrima (Esper )) on muddy sand and rocks. One specimen was collected at the volcano Almazán on Placogorgia, from a similar habitat as mentioned above at 875 – 945 m depth. Of the nine specimens from the Alborán Sea (adjacent to Alborán Island), eight were found on the hydrozoans Aglaophenia sp. Lamoroux, on a bottom of organogenic gravel at 100 – 109 m depth and one specimen was collected on the gorgonian Eunicella filiformis (Studer) (Figure 2 C) on a rocky sediment at 122 – 125 m depth. Anamenia gorgonophila was usually described associated with gorgonians, Paramunicea clavata (Risso) (Nierstrasz and Stork 1940; Salvini-Plawen 1972 a, 1997), Muricea sp. (Nierstrasz and Stork 1940; Salvini-Plawen 1972 a, 1997), Eunicella spp. (Salvini-Plawen 1986, 1997), Eunicella filiformis (Studer) (García- Álvarez et al. 1999) and Acanthogorgia granulata Grasshoff (García-Álvarez et al. 1999). We found it associated with other species of gorgonians (A. hirsuta and Placogorgia spp.) and also with hydrozoans (Aglaophenia sp.); this increases the knowledge of its potential prey organisms. No cnidocysts were found in the midgut on the sectioned specimens.	en	Pedrouzo, Lucía, Cobo, M. Carmen, García-Álvarez, Óscar, Rueda, José L., Gofas, Serge, Urgorri, Victoriano (2014): Solenogastres (Mollusca) from expeditions off the South Iberian Peninsula, with the description of a new species. Journal of Natural History (J. Nat. Hist.) 48 (45 - 48): 2985-3006, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2014.959576, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2014.959576
03F18793E95F17412739DFD0FBA40B16.taxon	description	(Figures 6, 7)	en	Pedrouzo, Lucía, Cobo, M. Carmen, García-Álvarez, Óscar, Rueda, José L., Gofas, Serge, Urgorri, Victoriano (2014): Solenogastres (Mollusca) from expeditions off the South Iberian Peninsula, with the description of a new species. Journal of Natural History (J. Nat. Hist.) 48 (45 - 48): 2985-3006, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2014.959576, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2014.959576
03F18793E95F17412739DFD0FBA40B16.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined Forty-eight specimens. Two specimens cut in serial sections, three specimens dissected to study the radula and copulatory stylets and two more specimens dissected to study copulatory stylets. Gulf of Cádiz (INDEMARES / Chica 0211), 469 – 667 m depth (Table 1).	en	Pedrouzo, Lucía, Cobo, M. Carmen, García-Álvarez, Óscar, Rueda, José L., Gofas, Serge, Urgorri, Victoriano (2014): Solenogastres (Mollusca) from expeditions off the South Iberian Peninsula, with the description of a new species. Journal of Natural History (J. Nat. Hist.) 48 (45 - 48): 2985-3006, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2014.959576, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2014.959576
03F18793E95F17412739DFD0FBA40B16.taxon	distribution	Distribution Type locality. Norwegian west coast (Bergen). Further records: Scandinavia; Cape Breton; Bay of Biscay and Gorringe Bank. 190 – 681 m depth (García-Álvarez and Salvini-Plawen 2007; Salvini-Plawen 2008), Gulf of Cádiz (this report).	en	Pedrouzo, Lucía, Cobo, M. Carmen, García-Álvarez, Óscar, Rueda, José L., Gofas, Serge, Urgorri, Victoriano (2014): Solenogastres (Mollusca) from expeditions off the South Iberian Peninsula, with the description of a new species. Journal of Natural History (J. Nat. Hist.) 48 (45 - 48): 2985-3006, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2014.959576, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2014.959576
03F18793E95F17412739DFD0FBA40B16.taxon	description	Description Specimens with long and narrow body (17.8 – 62 mm long; 1.1 – 1.5 mm wide) with a digitiform projection on the posterior body; without keels or lumps (Figure 6 A). Cuticle 80 – 140 μm thick, with epidermal papillae. Hollow acicular sclerites with different degrees of curvature and trowel-shaped and knife-shaped scales (Figure 6 C). The hollow acicular sclerites are divided into three size classes: large (245 – 350 μm long; 12.5 – 25 μm wide), medium-sized (140 – 215 μm long; 10 – 15 μm wide) and small (50 – 140 μm long; 5 – 10 μm wide). The trowelshaped scales (80 – 185 μm long; 5.25 – 15 μm wide) are inserted among the acicular sclerites along the whole animal (Figure 6 B) and there are two types: distally pointed and distally rounded scales. Knife-shaped scales (60 – 145 μm long; 10 – 15 μm wide) on both sides of the pedal groove of two types: knife scales with a straight margin and curved knife scales. Common atriobuccal cavity with numerous papillae. The muscular foregut has a pair of pouches enclosing the frontal area of the radula complex. The radular complex consists of a polyserial radula with a paired sheath at its posterior end and a radular sac surrounded by thick circular musculature. Two big buccal ganglia are located at the muscular junction between the radular sac and the radular sheath. Polyserial radula with 16 teeth per row, number of rows between 22 and 28 with median furrow. The length of the internal teeth (near the furrow) is 25 – 30 µm, medial teeth 40 – 50 µm length, lateral teeth 60 – 90 µm length, tooth bases 7.5 – 20 µm wide. Pericardioducts with small pouches internally (one to three) that serve as seminal vesicules. The spawning ducts are paired; in its posterior half they enlarge ventrally to form a spacious pouch just before uniting and opening into the pallial cavity. Hook-shaped abdominal spicules in the pallial cavity, near the opening (60 – 105 μm long; 5 – 7.5 μm wide) (Figure 6 E). A pair of long and narrow copulatory stylets are present (3.01 – 3.2 μm long; 0.11 – 0.6 μm wide) (Figure 7 A, B). They have a bulbous proximal end with variable appearance in the specimens studied (Figure 7 A, B, E) where the accompanying muscular fibres are inserted; twisted body (Figure 7 C, D), clearer in the distal area, tapering to a sharp and slightly curved end (Figure 7 F), with a hyaline core. Throughout the whole body of the examined animals numerous internal sclerites were found. These sclerites were found within the connective tissue, and they have a well-characterized appearance: short and wide (85 – 155 µm long; 15 – 25 µm wide), with truncated ends, grooved longitudinal lines and tetraradial star-shaped cross section (Figure 6 D). Taxonomic remarks Earlier, Dorymenia tortilis Scheltema and Schander, 2000, was described from northwest of Gibraltar, at a site about 200 km to the west of where the specimens studied herein came from. The distinction between D. tortilis and D. sarsii was based on the radula morphology – especially the number of tooth rows and shape of the bases of teeth – the type and shape of mantle sclerites, the shape of abdominal spicules, the absence or presence of accessory copulatory spicules and the morphology of the copulatory stylet (Scheltema and Schander 2000). No details of internal morphology have been published for D. tortilis. In our specimens, the number of rows and teeth per row of the examined radulae corresponds to those assigned to D. sarsii by Scheltema and Schander (2000), as does the morphology of most of the teeth (length to width ratio of the tooth bases). Some teeth, however, have a length width ratio corresponding to D. tortilis (Scheltema and Schander 2000). We did not find epidermal sclerite morphology to be useful in assigning our specimens to D. sarsii and D. tortilis, either, because in all the specimens we found a mixture of sclerites as described for the two species by Scheltema and Schander (2000). The abdominal spicules of our specimens correspond to the morphotype of D. tortilis but some of the abdominal spicules were broken and their appearance was then similar to the morphology described for D. sarsii (Scheltema and Schander 2000). The morphology of the isolated copulatory stylets corresponds to that described for D. tortilis (Scheltema and Schander 2000), but the stylets depicted for D. sarsii might have been eroded (see also Salvini-Plawen 2008). The sclerites described as accessory copulatory spicules by Scheltema and Schander (2000) for D. sarsii were present in our specimens, but they were situated not only in areas near the copulatory stylets but distributed over the whole body (internal sclerites in this report). Thus, a close relationship with the copulatory system has to be discarded. The internal sclerites’ shape and fine structure are similar to what is seen in the bulbous end of the copulatory stylet, which suggests a structural role. Research done by Handl and Salvini-Plawen (2002) assumed that it can not be certainly stated that D. tortilis and D. sarsii are different species. Subsequently, Salvini-Plawen (2008) concluded with the synonymy of both species. The results obtained in the present study reveal that our specimens, which come from the same geographic area and depth regime as D. tortilis, combine characteristics of both species. Our data thus support the synonymy of the two species, even though a more detailed study including a direct comparison of the internal anatomy and analyses based on molecular data would be desirable. Here, we conclude that the differences in hard part morphology seen between specimens of D. sarsii and D. tortilis are due to intraspecific variation. Habitat and associated fauna The 48 specimens studied were collected from the Gulf of Cádiz at 469 – 667 m depth. Seven specimens were collected at the volcano Tarsis and its adjacent area, on substrata of sandy mud and a habitat defined by communities of Pennatulacea (Kophobelemnon stelliferum (Müller), Funiculina quadragularis (Pallas) and Pennatula aculeata Danielssen) and species of the order Alcyonacea, mainly of the species Isidella elongata (Esper). Four specimens were from the volcano Chica with bottoms of thick sand and gravel inhabited by communities of pennatulaceans (K. stelliferum, F. quadrangularis) and gorgonians (Acanthogorgia hirsuta, Callogorgia verticillata). Nineteen specimens were collected at the volcano Anastasya and its adjacent area on sandy bottoms dominated by communities of pennatulaceans (K. stelliferum, F. quadrangularis, P. aculeata). Eighteen specimens were from areas adjacent to the volcano Pipoca from muddy sand, also dominated by pennatulaceans (K. stelliferum, F. quadrangularis) and gorgonians (I. elongata). No cnidocysts were found in the midguts of any of the sectioned specimens.	en	Pedrouzo, Lucía, Cobo, M. Carmen, García-Álvarez, Óscar, Rueda, José L., Gofas, Serge, Urgorri, Victoriano (2014): Solenogastres (Mollusca) from expeditions off the South Iberian Peninsula, with the description of a new species. Journal of Natural History (J. Nat. Hist.) 48 (45 - 48): 2985-3006, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2014.959576, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2014.959576
