identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
03F187F1FFBCFFEE9FC9FC22FA70FAC4.text	03F187F1FFBCFFEE9FC9FC22FA70FAC4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Lycoperdon albiperidium C. S. Kim 2016	<div><p>Lycoperdon albiperidium C.S. Kim, sp. nov., Fig. 4</p> <p>MycoBank:—MB 814888</p> <p>Diagnosis:—This species has a well-developed pseudostipe; numerous rhizomorphs attached to substrate; exoperidium verrucae with smallish spines, entirely white to grayish when young, becoming grayish yellow to pale yellow when old; basidiospores globose to subglobose, very faintly ornamented to faintly verrucose; fragile eucapillitial threads with abundant pores. It is similar to L. ericaeum but clearly distinguished by ITS, RPB2, and TEF1 sequences.</p> <p>Etymology:—Referring to the white (= album) peridium before it is fully mature.</p> <p>Holotype:— KOREA. Chungnam Province, Geumsan-gun, Jewon-myeon, Mt. Jinak, coll. Han et al., 25 September 2012 (KA12-1551), deposited in KH.</p> <p>Description:—Basidiomata 20–40 mm diameter, 35–60 mm high, pyriform to turbinate, pseudostipitate well-developed, occasionally plicate at pseudostipe, numerous rhizomorphs attached to substrate. Exoperidium verrucae with smallish spines (less than 0.5 mm), entirely white to grayish when young, becoming grayish yellow to pale yellow when old. Endoperidium yellowish brown to brown, papery. Gleba grayish brown to dark brown at maturity, pulverulent. Subgleba grayish yellow to violaceous gray. Solitary to gregarious.</p> <p>Basidiospores 3.7–4.2 × 3.6–4.1 μm, length/width ratio 1.0–1.1 (n = 30), globose to subglobose, very faintly ornamented to faintly verrucose (A–B in the sense of Demoulin 1972a, b), short pedicel present (&lt;1.6 μm long), pale yellow in 3% KOH. Basidia not observed. Capillitium of Lycoperdon - type; eucapillitial threads 3.0–5.4 μm diam., thick-walled (up to 1.3 μm), fragile to subelastic, aseptate, straight to subundulate, occasional dichotomous branching, abundant pores present, yellow to pale brownish in 3% KOH; paracapillitial threads present, 3.0–4.2 μm diam., thin-walled, straight to subundulate, septate, hyaline in 3% KOH. Exoperidium composed of sphaerocysts, 16–27 μm diam., thick-walled (up to 2.6 μm thick), hyaline to pale yellow in 3% KOH. Endoperidium composed of tightly interwoven hyphal elements, containing inflated elements resembling sphaerocysts with reticulate patterns, thin-walled (up to 1.0 μm thick), hyaline in 3% KOH.</p> <p>Habitat.—On rich humus and mixed conifer-hardwood forests.</p> <p>Other specimen examined:— KOREA. Chungnam Province, Geumsan-gun, Chubu-myeon, Mt. Seodae, coll. Han et al., 29 August 2012 (KA12-1210), deposited in KH.</p> <p>Comments:—Specimens of this species were reported as L.spadiceum Pers. (now L.lividum Pers.) by some amateur mycologists in Korea (Park &amp; Lee 2011; The Korean Society of Mycology 2013). However, their reported specimens substantially differed from the descriptions of L. lividum by several mycologists (Table 2; Breitenbach &amp; Kranzlin 1986; Bates 2004; Bates et al. 2009; Cortez et al. 2013). Lycoperdon lividum is characterized by small basidiomata (ca. 10–30 mm; subpyriform to obpyriform); a furfuraceous exoperidium often appearing as mealy squamules; and a scanty sterile base. However, Lycoperdon albiperidium is bigger than L. lividum, and has a well-developed plicate pseudostipe. In addition, they are clearly distinguished by ITS sequences (Fig. 1). Phylogenetically, L. albiperidium is closely related to L. ericaeum, but they are morphologically distinguishable, especially by the basidiocarp shape, eucapillitial thread diameter, and size of basidiospores (Table 2). In addition, the records of L. ericaeum are from dry grasslands on acidic soil, but L. albiperidium is collected from on rich humus and mixed conifer-hardwood forests.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F187F1FFBCFFEE9FC9FC22FA70FAC4	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Kim, Chang Sun;Jo, Jong Won;Kwag, Young-Nam;Sung, Gi-Ho;Han, Jae-Gu;Shrestha, Bhushan;Oh, Soon-Ok;Kim, Sang-Yong;Shin, Chang-Ho;Han, Sang-Kuk	Kim, Chang Sun, Jo, Jong Won, Kwag, Young-Nam, Sung, Gi-Ho, Han, Jae-Gu, Shrestha, Bhushan, Oh, Soon-Ok, Kim, Sang-Yong, Shin, Chang-Ho, Han, Sang-Kuk (2016): Two new Lycoperdon species collected from Korea: L. albiperidium and L. subperlatum spp. nov. Phytotaxa 260 (2): 101-115, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.260.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.260.2.1
03F187F1FFBDFFED9FC9FAF4FB20FB3B.text	03F187F1FFBDFFED9FC9FAF4FB20FB3B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Lycoperdon ericaeum Bonord., Bot. Ztg.	<div><p>Lycoperdon ericaeum Bonord., Bot. Ztg. 15: 596 (1857), Fig. 5</p> <p>Description:—Basidiomata 15–30 mm diam., 25–30 mm high, subglobose to obpyriform, rhizomorphs attached to substrate. Exoperidium echinate or verrucae with smallish spines (less than 1 mm tall); whitish when young, becoming grayish brown to brown when old. Endoperidium pale yellow to grayish yellow, papery. Gleba yellowish to olivebrown at maturity, pulverulent. Subgleba grayish yellow to yellowish. Solitary to gregarious.</p> <p>Basidiospores 4.5–5.0 × 4.2–4.8 μm, length/width ratio 1.0–1.1 (n = 30), globose to subglobose, very faintly ornamented to faintly verrucose (A–B in the sense of Demoulin 1972a, b), sometimes slightly long pedicel present (&lt;2.3 μm long), pale yellow to yellow in 3% KOH. Basidia 9.3–11.8 × 6.7–7.9 μm, length/width ratio 1.3–1.6 (n = 12), clavate, without basal clamp; usually two sterigmata, 7–17 μm long. Capillitium of Lycoperdon - type; eucapillitial threads 2.2–3.4 μm diam., thick-walled (up to 1.2 μm), fragile to subelastic, aseptate, straight, occasional dichotomous branching, irregular pores frequently present, yellow to pale brownish in 3% KOH; paracapillitial threads present, 1.9–2.3 μm diam., thin-walled, straight to subundulate, septate, hyaline in 3% KOH. Exoperidium composed of sphaerocysts, 18–26 μm diam., thick-walled (up to 3.0 μm thick), hyaline in 3% KOH. Endoperidium composed of tightly interwoven hyphal elements, occasionally inflated elements resembling sphaerocysts, thin-walled, hyaline in 3% KOH.</p> <p>Habitat:—on slightly grassed terrain or needle debris.</p> <p>Examined specimen:— KOREA. Chungnam Province, Geumsan-gun, Mt. Jinak, coll. Han et al., 18 July 2012 (KA12-0761), deposited in KH; Gyeongnam Province, Hamyang-gun, Mt. Gibaek, coll. Han et al., 16 October 2013 (KA13-1463), deposited in KH.</p> <p>Comments:—Two Korean Lycoperdon specimens (KA12-0761 and KA13-1463) clustered with Japanese and Swedish L. ericaeum ITS sequences (Fig. 1) and were almost identical morphologically (Jeppson et al., 2012; Kasuya et al., 2013). Phylogenetically, L. ericaeum is related to L. rupicola Jeppson, E. Larss. &amp; M.P. Martín and L. subumbrinum Jeppson &amp; E. Larss., but is distinguishable by the presence of fragile eucapillitial threads (Table 2).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F187F1FFBDFFED9FC9FAF4FB20FB3B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Kim, Chang Sun;Jo, Jong Won;Kwag, Young-Nam;Sung, Gi-Ho;Han, Jae-Gu;Shrestha, Bhushan;Oh, Soon-Ok;Kim, Sang-Yong;Shin, Chang-Ho;Han, Sang-Kuk	Kim, Chang Sun, Jo, Jong Won, Kwag, Young-Nam, Sung, Gi-Ho, Han, Jae-Gu, Shrestha, Bhushan, Oh, Soon-Ok, Kim, Sang-Yong, Shin, Chang-Ho, Han, Sang-Kuk (2016): Two new Lycoperdon species collected from Korea: L. albiperidium and L. subperlatum spp. nov. Phytotaxa 260 (2): 101-115, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.260.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.260.2.1
03F187F1FFBEFFEC9FC9FAA1FAC4F930.text	03F187F1FFBEFFEC9FC9FAA1FAC4F930.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Lycoperdon perlatum Pers. Observ. Mycol.	<div><p>Lycoperdon perlatum Pers. Observ. Mycol. (Lipsiae) 1: 4 (1796), Fig. 6</p> <p>Description:—Basidiomata 25–35 mm diam., 25–40 mm high,subglobose, pyriform to turbinate, umbonate,pseudostipe usually well developed, numerous rhizomorphs attached to substrate. Exoperidium echinate, spines deciduous with age; whitish when young, brown to dark brown when old, especially at the umbo; surface reticulate after fall of the spines. Endoperidium yellowish brown, papery, covered with reticulate pattern. Gleba olive brown to yellowish brown at maturity, pulverulent. Subgleba grayish yellow to yellowish. Solitary to gregarious.</p> <p>Basidiospores 4.1–4.7 × 3.8–4.5 μm, length/width ratio 1.0–1.1 (n = 30), globose to subglobose, faintly ornamented to verrucose (B–C in the sense of Demoulin 1972a, b), short pedicel present (&lt;0.8 μm long), pale yellow to brown in 3% KOH. Basidia not observed. Capillitium of Lycoperdon - type; eucapillitial threads 3.8–4.8 μm diameter, thick-walled (up to 1.7 μm), elastic, aseptate, straight to subundulate, occasional dichotomous branching, occasionally irregular pores present, yellow to pale brownish in 3% KOH; paracapillitial threads present, 2.4–4.0 μm diam., thin-walled (up to 0.6 μm thick), hyaline in 3% KOH, straight to subundulate, septate. Exoperidium composed of sphaerocysts or cylindrical shaped cells, sometimes irregularly shaped cells, 18–48 μm diam., thick-walled (up to 3.0 μm thick), hyaline to yellowish in 3% KOH. Endoperidium composed of tightly interwoven hyphal elements, containing inflated elements resembling sphaerocysts with reticulate patterns, hyaline in 3% KOH.</p> <p>Habitat:—On rich humus and needle litter in conifer or mixed conifer-hardwood forests.</p> <p>Examined specimen:— CHINA. Xinjiang Prov., Changji, Fu Kang-shi, Mt. Tianshan, Heaven Pool Scenic Area, coll. Han et al., 15 July 2013 (KA13-0555), deposited in KH; KOREA. Gangwon Province, Gangneung-si, Daegwanryeong Natural Recreation Forest, coll. Han et al., 09 June 2012 (KA12-0186), deposited in KH; Gyeonggi Province, Pocheon-si, Gwangneung Forest, coll. Han et al., 26 July 2012 (KA12-0871), 12 September 2012 (KA12- 1435), 25 July 2013 (KA13-0608), 26 Jul. 2013 (KA13-0619, KA13-0646), 16 September 2013 (KA13-1188, KA13- 1148), 30 September 2013 (KA13-1270), 14 October 2013 (KA13-1542), Yangpyeong-gun, Saneum Natural Recreation Forest, coll. Han et al., 19 September 2012 (KA12-1506), deposited in KH.</p> <p>Comments:—This species is the type species of Lycoperdon and a well-known cosmopolitan species (Sarasini 2005; Bates et al. 2009). Generally, L. perlatum is characterized by the conical spines of the exoperidum, reticulate endoperidum, pyriform substipitate basidiomata, and echinulate basidiospores (Breitenbach &amp; Kränzlin 1986; Bastes et al. 2009). However, previously reported descriptions of this species are highly variable in characteristics, such as distinct color tone and ornamentation of the exoperidium, basidiomata size, and subgleba and sterile base shape and extension. Therefore, Cortez et al. (2013) suggested that future phylogenetic studies would reveal a complex of morphologically closely related taxa worldwide. Our phylogenetic study showed that Korean, Japanese, Chinese, and European L. perlatum grouped with strong support values (PP/MPBS = 1.0/100), but American L. perlatum did not cluster with this group and was related to the L. marginatum clade (Fig. 1). Morphological comparison between Korean, European (maybe belong to true L. perlatum), and American L. perlatum (maybe a different species of Lycopderdon) revealed almost identical microscopic characteristics, just slightly different in the size of the basidiospores (Table 2) and clearly distinguished ITS sequences (Fig. 1). According to Demoulin (1972a), Larsson &amp; Jeppson (2008) and Bates et al. (2009), L. perlatum is related to L. nigrescens —they have a reticulate endoperidum in common. However, they are clearly distinguished by ITS sequences and ornamentation of basidiospores (see Demoulin 1972a).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F187F1FFBEFFEC9FC9FAA1FAC4F930	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Kim, Chang Sun;Jo, Jong Won;Kwag, Young-Nam;Sung, Gi-Ho;Han, Jae-Gu;Shrestha, Bhushan;Oh, Soon-Ok;Kim, Sang-Yong;Shin, Chang-Ho;Han, Sang-Kuk	Kim, Chang Sun, Jo, Jong Won, Kwag, Young-Nam, Sung, Gi-Ho, Han, Jae-Gu, Shrestha, Bhushan, Oh, Soon-Ok, Kim, Sang-Yong, Shin, Chang-Ho, Han, Sang-Kuk (2016): Two new Lycoperdon species collected from Korea: L. albiperidium and L. subperlatum spp. nov. Phytotaxa 260 (2): 101-115, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.260.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.260.2.1
03F187F1FFBFFFEA9FC9F8B8FDFAFE98.text	03F187F1FFBFFFEA9FC9F8B8FDFAFE98.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Lycoperdon subperlatum C. S. Kim	<div><p>Lycoperdon subperlatum C.S. Kim &amp; S. - K. Han, sp. nov., Fig. 7</p> <p>MycoBank:—MB 814889</p> <p>Diagnosis:—Macroscopically this species resembles L. perlatum but they can be distinguished microscopically as L. subperlatum has elastic to subelastic eucapillitial threads with abundant pores; basidiospores globose to subglobose, smooth to very faintly ornamented, and smaller than those of L.perlatum. The two species are clearly distinguished by ITS, RPB2 and TEF1 sequences.</p> <p>Etymology:—Refers to the morphological features which are similar to those of Lycoperdon perlatum.</p> <p>Holotype:— KOREA. Gyeonggi Province, Pocheon-si, Gwangneung Forest, coll. Han et al., 27 July 2012 (KA12- 0918), deposited in KH.</p> <p>Description:—Basidiomata 20–45 mm diam., 25–60 mm high, subglobose, pyriform to turbinate, slightly or not umbonate, pseudostipe usually well-developed, numerous rhizomorphs attached to substrate. Exoperidium echinate, the spines are deciduous with age; whitish when young, entirely brown to dark brown when old; surface reticulate after fall of the spines. Endoperidium yellowish brown, papery. Gleba olive brown to yellowish brown at maturity, pulverulent. Subgleba grayish yellow to yellowish. Solitary to gregarious.</p> <p>Basidiospores 3.4–3.9 × 3.2–3.7 μm, length/width ratio 1.0–1.1 (n = 30), globose to subglobose, smooth to very faintly ornamented (A in the sense of Demoulin 1972a, b), short pedicel present (&lt;0.7 μm long), pale yellow in 3% KOH. Basidia not observed; basidioles 8.6–12.0 × 5.6–7.3 μm, length/width ratio 1.4–1.8 (n = 10), clavate, without basal clamp. Capillitium of Lycoperdon - type; eucapillitial threads 3.5–5.2 μm diam., thick-walled (up to 2.5 μm thick), elastic to subelastic, aseptate, straight to subundulate, occasional dichotomous branching, abundantly irregular pores present, pale yellow to brownish in 3% KOH; paracapillitial threads present, 3.0–4.9 μm diam., thin-walled (up to 1.0 μm thick), hyaline in 3% KOH, straight to subundulate, septate. Exoperidium composed of sphaerocysts, 7–28 μm diam., thick-walled (up to 1.5 μm thick), subhyaline to yellowish brown in 3% KOH. Endoperidium composed of tightly interwoven hyphal elements, containing inflated elements resembling sphaerocysts, hyaline in 3% KOH.</p> <p>Habitat:—On rich humus and mixed conifer-hardwood forests.</p> <p>Other specimens examined:— KOREA. Chungbuk Province, Yeongdong-gun, Mt. Minjuji, coll. Han et al. 16 July 2012 (KA12-0627), deposited in KH; Chungnam Province, Geumsan-gun, Mt. Jinak, coll. Han et al., 20 June 2012 (KA12-0281), 17 July 2012 (KA12-0693), Mt. Seodae, coll. Han et al., 22 June 2012 (KA12-0322), deposited in KH; Jeonbuk Province, Gunsan-si, Daejang Island, coll. Han et al., 09 July 2012 (KA12-0494), Seonyu Island, coll. Han et al., 11 July 2012 (KA12-0533), deposited in KH; Gyeonggi Province, Pocheon-si, Gwangneung Forest, coll. Han et al., 13 July 2012 (KA12-0594), 24 August 2012 (KA12-1105), 12 September 2012 (KA12-1427), 08 August 2013 (KA13-0692), deposited in KH; Gyeongnam Province, Geoje-si, Mt. Daebong, coll. Han et al., 09 September 2013 (KA13-0967), Hamyang-gun, Mt. Gibaek, coll. Han et al., 19 June 2013 (KA13-0209), 10 September 2013 (KA13- 0979), deposited in KH.</p> <p>Comments:—The macrocharacters of this species are almost identical to those of Korean, European L. perlatum and American L. perlatum. However, they can be distinguished by microscopic characteristics including eucapillitial threads and basidiospore shape and sizes; L. subperlatum have elastic to subelastic eucapillitial threads with abundant pores; the basidiospores are smooth to very faintly ornamented, the size of basidiospores is smaller than related species (Table 2). In addition, this species is clearly distinct from Korean, European, and American L. perlatum in the ITS, RPB2 and TEF1 trees (Figs. 1, 2).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F187F1FFBFFFEA9FC9F8B8FDFAFE98	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Kim, Chang Sun;Jo, Jong Won;Kwag, Young-Nam;Sung, Gi-Ho;Han, Jae-Gu;Shrestha, Bhushan;Oh, Soon-Ok;Kim, Sang-Yong;Shin, Chang-Ho;Han, Sang-Kuk	Kim, Chang Sun, Jo, Jong Won, Kwag, Young-Nam, Sung, Gi-Ho, Han, Jae-Gu, Shrestha, Bhushan, Oh, Soon-Ok, Kim, Sang-Yong, Shin, Chang-Ho, Han, Sang-Kuk (2016): Two new Lycoperdon species collected from Korea: L. albiperidium and L. subperlatum spp. nov. Phytotaxa 260 (2): 101-115, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.260.2.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.260.2.1
