identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
03FE87B7F845FFBEFF405BCCFAC2FB4B.text	03FE87B7F845FFBEFF405BCCFAC2FB4B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Kerria canalis Rajgopal & Mohanasundaram & Sharma 2021	<div><p>Kerria canalis Rajgopal, sp. nov.</p><p>Type material. Holotype adult ♀ on a slide together with 2 paratype ♀♀: INDIA, Tamil Nadu / opposite to Madurai Corporation Eco Park, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=78.13833&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=9.935833" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 78.13833/lat 9.935833)">Madurai</a> / 9 ° 56’09”N 78 ° 08’18”E / Rain tree: Samanea saman, 16.XI.2018 / A. Mohanasundaram; holotype specimen indicated by encircling with permanent marker (deposited in ICAR-NBAIR).</p><p>Paratypes: total 15 adult ♀♀, all same data as holotype. 4 adult ♀♀, 2 of them on same slide as holotype and the other 2 on another slide (ICAR-NBAIR); 3 adult ♀♀ on 1 slide (NPC); and 8 adult ♀♀ on 3 slides (ICAR-IINRG) .</p><p>Adult female. Unmounted material (Figs 1 and 2). Lac tests dark crimson red, occurring in aggregations; live mature female inside each test globular and dark crimson.</p><p>Slide-mounted material (Figs 3 A-M and 4A-N), n = 16. Body large, globular, 3.12 – 4.01 (4.00) mm long, without the length of anal tubercle (3.7 to 5.05 mm, including length of anal tubercle); 2.62–3.25 (3.12) mm wide at apex (near mouthparts), 3.50–4.00 (3.90) mm wide at middle and 2.65–3.12 (3.07) mm wide at base (near dorsal spine).</p><p>Dorsum: Brachia elevated, cylindrical, sclerotised, each 400–540 (450) µm long. Brachial plate circular, diameter 190–230 (190) µm; brachial crater shallow, situated centrally, sub-circular, 100–130 (110) µm wide, with a defined rim, dimples medium to large, distinct, numbering 6 or 7 with nuclear duct visible in most specimens. Anterior spiracles each 170–220 (150) µm long and 120–140 (120) µm wide, situated 280–390 (300) µm away from margin of brachial crater, with a long, rough sclerotised trailing canellar band (sensu Varshney 1976: 28) leading from anterior spiracle towards venter of head, sometimes reaching to mouthparts. Ratio of distance of anterior spiracle from crater rim to width of brachial plate 1: 1.47–1.69. Ratio of length of anterior spiracle to width of brachial plate 1: 0.89–0.95. Dorsal spine well developed, 300–390 (390) µm long and 90–120 (120) µm wide at base of pedicel; pedicel large, square to near-rectangular, becoming more sclerotised distally, 130–190 (180) µm long; spine 160–200 (200) µm long, more sclerotised, with 2 or 3 spinosites at its base. Ratio of lengths of pedicel to spine 1: 0.81–0.95. Ratio of lengths of dorsal spine including pedicel to brachial plate 1: 1.58–1.65. Anal tubercle well developed; pre-anal plate membranous, shorter than wide, 290–450 (350) µm long, 600–720 (490) µm wide; supra-anal plate 301–590 (460) µm long, 339–574 (473) µm wide, ratio of length to width 1: 0.89–1.02, heavily sclerotised, hispid near apex. Ratio of lengths of supra-anal plate to brachium 1: 1.58–2.56. Anal fringes short, fringe maximum height 40–70 µm. Anal ring comprised of 6 sectors and bearing 10 setae. Dorsal duct cluster forming a single row of ducts between dorsal spine and anal tubercle, number of ducts variable, with 1 or 2 dorsal setae among the ducts. Spermatoid ducts present.</p><p>Venter: Antennae each 40–50 µm long, probably 3 segmented but segmentation obscure, apical segment tipped with 3 long fleshy setae and 2 short setae. Clypeolabral shield 280–310 µm long, 140–170 wide. Pre-oral lobes elongate, membranous, present along sides of clypeolabral shield. Post-oral lobes each 160–210 µm long, membranous, dome-shaped. Posterior spiracle smaller than anterior spiracle, each 70–90 (80) µm long, situated on a sclerotised plate, with 28–41 (32) spiracular pores present along one side of spiracle. Marginal duct clusters distinct, numbering 6 (3 on each side), arranged in a convoluted line (Fig. 4L), each cluster consisting of 26–53 (26–30) ducts with surrounding sclerotisation. Perivulvar pore clusters numbering 5–8 (6) on each side (Fig. 4E), each cluster irregular in shape and sometimes clusters conjoined, with thinly distributed pores, each pore containing 7-10 loculi (Fig. 4F). Ventral duct clusters present, irregular in shape, totalling 3 on each side: first pair situated anterior to mouthparts, second pair antero-lateral to mouthparts and third pair posterior to posterior spiracle but anterior to brachium. Star pores usually present near mouthparts, numbering 0–7, each pore containing 3–5 loculi (Fig. 4P). Spermatoid ducts present.</p><p>Etymology. The species epithet is derived from the Latin word canalis, meaning canal, and alludes to the rough trailing canellar band present as a chitinous extension below each anterior spiracle in this species.</p><p>Remarks. Kerria canalis sp. nov. differs from other described species of Kerria by having a long, rough, sclerotised trailing canellar band (sensu Varshney 1976: 28) leading from each anterior spiracle towards the venter of the head, sometimes reaching to the mouthparts. This sclerotised band is present even in young, pre-reproductive stage, adult females.</p><p>Kerria canalis is similar to Kerria dubeyi Ahmad &amp; Ramamurthy in having: (i) marginal duct clusters each surrounded by sclerotisation; (ii) anal tubercle hispid near apex, the supra-anal plate wider than long or subequal; (iii) posterior spiracle borne on a sclerotised plate; (iv) antennal apex with 3 long fleshy setae and 2 short setae; (v) star pores usually present near the mouthparts; and (vi) perivulvar pore clusters numbering 5 to 8 but not more. However, K. canalis differs from K. dubeyi in having (character states for K. dubeyi given in parentheses): (i) brachia elevated, cylindrical, sclerotised (brachia sessile, club-shaped and only slightly sclerotised); (ii) brachial plate circular, diameter 190–230 µm (circular, diameter 315–365 μm), (iii) anterior spiracle 280–390 µm away from brachial crater (0–160 μm away from brachial crater); (iv) long, rough, sclerotised trailing canellar band present below each anterior spiracle, leading towards head and sometimes reaching to mouthparts (sclerotised trailing canellar band absent), and (v) dorsal spine 160–200 µm long (60–145 µm), pedicel 130–190 µm long (75–150 µm), with 2 or 3 spinosites at its base (1 or 2 spinosites).</p><p>The new species is not very similar to K. maduraiensis Ahmad &amp; Ramamurthy, but they share the same host ( Samanea saman) and type locality (Tamil Nadu: Madurai) so the differences between them are discussed here. Kerria canalis differs from K. maduraiensis in having (character states for K. maduraiensis in brackets): (i) brachia elevated, cylindrical, sclerotised (sessile, club-shaped and slightly sclerotised); (ii) brachial plate diameter 190–230 µm (225–285 μm); (i) marginal duct clusters each consisting of 26–53 ducts with surrounding sclerotisation (39–42 ducts, without any surrounding sclerotisation); (iv) posterior spiracle borne on a sclerotised plate (not on a sclerotised plate); (v) antenna 40–50 µm long (35–55 μm long), the apical segment with 3 long fleshy setae and 2 hair-like setae (4 long fleshy setae and 2 short hair-like setae); (vi) distance of anterior spiracle from brachial plate 280–390 µm (85–400 µm); (vii) supra-anal plate wider than long or subequal, 339–574 µm by 301–590 µm (longer than wide, 190–570 μm by 220–400 μm); and (viii) long, rough, sclerotised trailing canellar band below each anterior spiracle leading towards venter of head, sometimes reaching to mouthparts (sclerotised trailing canellar band absent).</p><p>The new species shares the same host-plant and has some similarities with K. destructor Talukder and Das: (i) Spermatoid ducts present on both surfaces of body; (ii) anal tubercle hispid near apex, the supra-anal plate wider than long or subequal; (iii) perivulvar pore clusters numbering 6 to 9 but not more; (iv) dimples medium to large, 6 – 9 in number. However, K. canalis differs from K. destructor in having (character states for K. destructor in brackets): (i) star pores present near mouthparts (absent); (ii) long, rough, sclerotised trailing canellar band below each anterior spiracle leading towards venter of head, sometimes reaching to mouthparts (sclerotised trailing canellar band absent); (iii) marginal duct clusters each consisting of 26–53 ducts with surrounding sclerotisation (28–32 ducts, without any surrounding sclerotisation); (iv) posterior spiracle borne on a sclerotised plate (not on a sclerotised plate); (v) distance of anterior spiracle from brachial plate 280–390 µm (157–267 μm); (vi) brachial plate diameter 190–230 µm (258–293 μm); (vii) brachial crater 100–130 µm wide (140–190 μm); and spine length is greater than pedicel, without a bifurcate tip (spine length equal to that of pedicel, with a bifurcate tip).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FE87B7F845FFBEFF405BCCFAC2FB4B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Rajgopal, N. N.;Mohanasundaram, Arumugam;Sharma, Kewal Krishan	Rajgopal, N. N., Mohanasundaram, Arumugam, Sharma, Kewal Krishan (2021): A new species of lac insect in the genus Kerria Targioni Tozzetti (Hemiptera Coccomorpha: Tachardiidae) on Samanea saman (Fabaceae) from India. Zootaxa 4938 (1): 60-68, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4938.1.2
03FE87B7F841FFBDFF4059DCFA79F929.text	03FE87B7F841FFBDFF4059DCFA79F929.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Kerria Targioni Tozzetti 1884	<div><p>Key to the species of Kerria Targioni Tozzetti, 1884 based on adult female</p><p>(emendation of earlier keys in Ahmad et al. 2013 b and Talukder &amp; Das 2020). The key does not necessarily reflect phylogenetic relationships.</p><p>1(0) Anal tubercle (supra-anal plate) elongate, distinctly longer than wide............................................ 2</p><p>- Anal tubercle (supra-anal plate) abbreviated, length subequal to width or wider than long........................... 12</p><p>2(1) Each brachial plate situated on an elevated brachium......................................................... 3</p><p>- Each brachial plate sessile, situated on body surface..................................... K. ebrachiata (Chamberlin)</p><p>3(2) Trailing canellar band present as a sclerotised extension below each anterior spiracle................................ 4</p><p>- Trailing canellar bands absent........................................................................... 5</p><p>4(3) Distance of anterior spiracle from brachial plate 2x width of brachial plate. Anterior spiracle with apodeme shorter (137–172 μm) than length of brachial plate (172–206 μm). Dorsal spine 189–224 μm long.............. K. chinensis (Mahdihassan)</p><p>- Distance of anterior spiracle from brachial plate 1.2x width of brachial plate. Anterior spiracle with apodeme longer (258–310 μm) than length of brachial plate (103–137 μm). Dorsal spine 172–189 μm long................. K. nepalensis Varshney</p><p>5(3) Length of brachium distinctly greater than length of supra-anal plate............................................. 6</p><p>- Length of brachia subequal to or shorter than length of supra-anal plate......................................... 10</p><p>6(5) With 8 or 9 perivulvar pore clusters on each side. Posterior spiracle 75–90 μm long, without a sclerotised plate............................................................................... K. maduraiensis Ahmad &amp; Ramamurthy</p><p>- With more than 10 perivulvar pore clusters on each side. Posterior spiracle&gt;90 μm long, with a sclerotised plate......... 7</p><p>7(6) Each brachium club-shaped. Anterior spiracle with apodeme shorter than width of brachial plate............................................................................................. K. varshneyi Ahmad &amp; Ramamurthy</p><p>- Each brachium cylindrical. Anterior spiracle apodeme longer than width of brachial plate............................ 8</p><p>8(7) Each brachial plate with 10–12 distinct dimples. Each marginal duct cluster containing 25–30 ducts. Supra-anal plate smooth........................................................................................ K. lacca (Kerr)</p><p>- Each brachial plate with 4–12 indistinct dimples. Each marginal duct cluster containing&gt;30 ducts. Supra-anal plate hispid... ................................................................................................... 9</p><p>9(8) Each brachial plate with 5 or fewer indistinct dimples; brachial crater 200–245 μm wide. Each marginal duct cluster containing 49–53 ducts and surrounded by sclerotisation................................ K. thrissurensis Ahmad &amp; Ramamurthy</p><p>- Each brachial plate with 10–12 indistinct dimples; brachial crater 110–175 μm wide. Each marginal duct cluster with &lt;40 ducts and without any surrounding sclerotisation........................................... K. yunnanensis Ou &amp; Hong</p><p>10(5) Dorsal spine shorter than width of brachial crater. Supra-anal plate hispid. Antennae each with 4 apical setae.................................................................................................. K. indicola (Kapur)</p><p>- Dorsal spine longer than width of brachial crater. Supra-anal plate smooth. Antennae each with 3 apical setae........... 11</p><p>11(10) Each marginal duct cluster containing 28–32 ducts. Anterior spiracle 65–165 μm from brachial plate. Pedicel of dorsal spine subequal in length to, or longer than spine....................................... K. pennyae Ahmad &amp; Ramamurthy</p><p>- Each marginal duct cluster with 33–40 ducts.Anterior spiracle touching brachial plate. Pedicel of dorsal spine distinctly shorter than spine........................................................................ K. chamberlini Varshney</p><p>12(1) Distance of anterior spiracle from brachial plate 17–34 μm. Each marginal duct cluster containing 10–15 ducts on an ovate reticulate plate........................................................................ K. albizziae (Green)</p><p>- Distance of anterior spiracle from brachial plate&gt;34 μm. Each marginal duct cluster containing more than 20 ducts, without an ovate reticulate plate.................................................................................. 13</p><p>13(12) Brachial plate diameter equal to or greater than length of supra-anal plate........................................ 14</p><p>- Brachial plate diameter distinctly less than length of supra-anal plate........................................... 19</p><p>14(13) Brachial plate with crater not situated centrally; crater rim open; dimples small and obscure...... K. sindica (Mahdihassan)</p><p>- Brachial crater situated at centre of plate; crater rim closed; dimples large and distinct............................... .................................................................................................. 15</p><p>15(14) Brachial plate large, 315–365 μm in diameter. Each marginal duct cluster containing 24–26 ducts surrounded by sclerotisation. Perivulvar pore clusters numbering 7 or 8 on each side.............................. K. dubeyi Ahmad &amp; Ramamurthy</p><p>- Brachial plate smaller (&lt;315 μm in diameter). Each marginal duct cluster containing&gt;26 ducts, with or without sclerotisation. Perivulvar pore clusters numbering&gt; 8 on each side......................................................... 16</p><p>16(15) Brachial plate 189–310 μm in diameter. Antenna 42–50 μm long..................................... K. fici (Green)</p><p>- Brachial plate &lt;180 μm in diameter. Antenna less than 40 μm long............................................. 17</p><p>17(16) Each brachium elevated, cylindrical. Dorsal spine distinctly shorter than length of pedicel.............. K. pusana (Misra)</p><p>- Each brachium elevated, club-shaped. Dorsal spine subequal to or longer than pedicel.............................. 18</p><p>18(17) Length of brachium subequal to that of supra-anal plate. Distance of anterior spiracle from brachial plate 206–325 μm.................................................................................... K. sharda Mishra &amp; Sushil</p><p>- Length of brachium distinctly greater than that of supra-anal plate. Distance of anterior spiracle from brachial plate 189–205 μm............................................................................... K. brancheata Varshney</p><p>19(13) Brachial crater not defined. Perivulvar pore clusters numbering 68–70 in total............. K. rangoonensis (Chamberlin)</p><p>- Brachial crater well defined. Perivulvar pore clusters numbering fewer than 60 in total............................. 20</p><p>20(19) Marginal duct clusters of duplex type, with large nuclear and small secondary ducts. Perivulvar pore clusters numbering 58 in total.............................................................................. K. greeni (Chamberlin)</p><p>- Marginal duct clusters of simplex type, without any large nuclear ducts. Perivulvar pore clusters numbering fewer than 50 in total............................................................................................... 21</p><p>21(20) Each marginal duct cluster situated on a weakly marked, oval, sclerotised plate. Many of the perivulvar pore clusters more-orless grouped together to form somewhat larger clusters, i.e. secondarily clustered............ K. meridionalis (Chamberlin)</p><p>- Marginal duct cluster not situated on a weakly marked, oval, sclerotised plate. Perivulvar pore clusters not grouped to form secondary clusters.................................................................................... 22</p><p>22(21) Marginal duct clusters surrounded by sclerotisation. Rough trailing canellar bands present as a chitinous extension below each anterior spiracle................................................................ K. canalis Rajgopal sp. nov.</p><p>- Marginal duct clusters not surrounded by sclerotisation. Rough trailing canellar bands, as a chitinous extension below each anterior spiracle, absent............................................................................... 23</p><p>23(22) Each brachial plate circular, with 6–9 dimples. Mouthparts not associated with any quinquelocular pores............................................................................................. K. destructor Talukder &amp; Das</p><p>- Each brachial plate quadrate/rectangular, with 4 or 5 dimples. Mouthparts associated with quinquelocular pores......... 24</p><p>24(23) Length of dorsal spine equal to width of brachial plate. Anterior spiracle shorter than or equal to width of brachial plate. Antennae each 1 segmented, with 4 long setae on apex.......................................... K. javana (Chamberlin)</p><p>- Length of dorsal spine 1.16x longer than width of brachial plate. Anterior spiracle 1.3x longer than width of brachial plate. Antennae each 3 segmented, with 3 long setae on apex........................ K. manipurensis Ahmad &amp; Ramamurthy</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FE87B7F841FFBDFF4059DCFA79F929	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Rajgopal, N. N.;Mohanasundaram, Arumugam;Sharma, Kewal Krishan	Rajgopal, N. N., Mohanasundaram, Arumugam, Sharma, Kewal Krishan (2021): A new species of lac insect in the genus Kerria Targioni Tozzetti (Hemiptera Coccomorpha: Tachardiidae) on Samanea saman (Fabaceae) from India. Zootaxa 4938 (1): 60-68, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4938.1.2
