taxonID	type	description	language	source
03FEDB4AFF9687670886FE54FFC37845.taxon	materials_examined	Type species: Nerine cirrata M. Sars, 1851 (by monotypy).	en	Sikorski, Andrey, Pavlova, Lyudmila (2016): Three new species of Laonice (Polychaete: Spionidae) from West and Southwest Africa. Zootaxa 4097 (3): 353-368, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4097.3.4
03FEDB4AFF9687620886FD09F9447BC2.taxon	description	Laonice cirrata — Kirkegaard 1959: 18 (partim).	en	Sikorski, Andrey, Pavlova, Lyudmila (2016): Three new species of Laonice (Polychaete: Spionidae) from West and Southwest Africa. Zootaxa 4097 (3): 353-368, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4097.3.4
03FEDB4AFF9687620886FD09F9447BC2.taxon	materials_examined	Holotype: " Galathea " — Exp., off Angola, Loanda-Lobito, St. 116, 12 ° 14.3 ʼS, 13 ° 27 ʼE, 100 m, 20 Dec. 1950 (ZMUC-POL- 643). Paratypes: R / V " Atlantide " — Exp., Off Gold Coast, St. 75, 04 ° 44 ʼN, 01 ° 36 ʼW, 46 m, muddy sand, 23 Jan. 1946 (2 specimens, ZMUC-POL- 639); R / V " Galathea " — Eksp., Guinea Bay, off River Congo, St. 75, 05 ° 41 ʼS, 11 ° 38 ʼE, 201 m, rather coarse mud, t = 13,5 ° C, 0 7 Dec. 1950 (1, ZMUC-POL- 640); " Galathea " — Eksp., Guinea Bay, off River Congo, St. 88, 06 ° 24 ʼS, 12 ° 01 ʼE, 75 m, 0 8 Dec. 1950 (1, ZMUC-POL- 641); " Galathea " — Eksp., off Cunene river, St. 132, 17 ° 13 ʼS, 11 ° 27 ʼE, 200 m, 22 Dec. 1950 (1, ZMUC-POL- 644).	en	Sikorski, Andrey, Pavlova, Lyudmila (2016): Three new species of Laonice (Polychaete: Spionidae) from West and Southwest Africa. Zootaxa 4097 (3): 353-368, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4097.3.4
03FEDB4AFF9687620886FD09F9447BC2.taxon	description	Description. Holotype: anterior fragment with 33 chaetigers, 1.37 mm wide. Neuropodial hooded hooks appear from chaetiger 23, up to 4 per neuropodium. Nuchal organ extending to chaetiger 16. Last chaetiger carrying branchiae is not detectable. Sabre chaetae present from chaetiger 14, up to 4 per fascicle. Genital pouches appear on chaetiger 7 on the left side, 5 on the right (genital pouches absent after chaetiger 12 on the left side and after 13 on the right).	en	Sikorski, Andrey, Pavlova, Lyudmila (2016): Three new species of Laonice (Polychaete: Spionidae) from West and Southwest Africa. Zootaxa 4097 (3): 353-368, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4097.3.4
03FEDB4AFF9687620886FD09F9447BC2.taxon	materials_examined	All material examined: from 1.20 to 2.25 mm wide at chaetigers 7 – 12 (only one specimen — ZMUC-POL- 640 — was wider than 2 mm). Prostomium almost triangular (Figs 1 A, B; 2). Anterior margin of prostomium slightly rounded, not fused with peristomium at anterior corners. One pair of small eyespots (if visible — Fig. 1 A) in the posterior part of prostomium. Occipital tentacle well developed, erect. It is possible to trace the length of nuchal organ in only three specimens (ZMUC-POL- 640, 641 and 643): in two former cases, it reaches up to chaetiger 12 but in the last one it is possible to trace it until chaetiger 15. Caruncle does not seem to follow nuchal organ, it stops on the level of chaetiger 2. Short palps (extending to chaetiger 4 or 5) were intact only on one specimen (ZMUC-POL- 640). Anterior 15 – 17 chaetigers slightly wider than the subsequent segments. Branchiae at chaetiger 2 are comparable in height to notopodial postchaetal lamellae, clearly lower than notopodial postchaetal lamellae at chaetiger 3, becoming obviously higher only from chaetiger 5. Branchiae present until chaetiger 33 in one specimen (Holotype); other specimens do not have intact branchiae on posterior segments. Last segment bearing branchiae not detected. Notopodial postchaetal lamellae of anterior 14 to 15 chaetigers with pointed tips (Fig. 1 C). Notopodial postchaetal lamellae are not pointed in subsequent segments, but have a narrow and elongated upper part (Fig. 1 D — arrow). Condition of the material does not allow description of the shape of notopodial lamellae in post branchial region. Prechaetal notopodial lamellae (in upper part of notopodia) large and most prominent from chaetiger 6 to 15 (Fig. 1 C — arrows). Neuropodial postchaetal lamellae of anterior 3 – 4 chaetigers with acute lateral tips; lamellae rounded with small but recognizable acute peaks on the lateral margins on subsequent segments until chaetiger 16; upper margins of neuropodial lamellae are acute until chaetiger 25 or 26 and sharply pointed upward on the subsequent segments (Fig. 1 D). Dorsal transverse membranes connecting bases of notopodial postchaetal lamellae were not detected. Genital pouches first appearing on chaetiger 5 or 6, continuing to chaetigers 9 – 16. Number of segments bearing pouches from 4 to 10. Noto- and neuropodial capillaries arranged in more than two vertical rows per fascicle on anterior 17 – 19 chaetigers (in up to four rows between chaetigers 4 – 6 and 13 – 14). Neuropodial hooded hooks first appear from chaetiger 23 to 30, up to 6 per fascicle; hooks are bidentate in side view or tridentate (Fig. 1 E – F) with apical teeth located in tandem; details are hardly visible without immersion. Sabre chaetae from chaetiger 13 to 18; 3 – 4 per fascicle at first appearance, reduced to only one after two to four segments. Notopodial hooks not found. Pygidium unknown. Worms without pigment. Methyl green staining pattern. The most stable patterns from 75 % ethanol staining persists as ventral longitudinal stripes on the prostomium and on notopodial postchaetal lobes of chaetigers 2 till 9.	en	Sikorski, Andrey, Pavlova, Lyudmila (2016): Three new species of Laonice (Polychaete: Spionidae) from West and Southwest Africa. Zootaxa 4097 (3): 353-368, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4097.3.4
03FEDB4AFF9687620886FD09F9447BC2.taxon	distribution	Distribution. West Africa, from Angola to Ivory Coast (Fig. 5).	en	Sikorski, Andrey, Pavlova, Lyudmila (2016): Three new species of Laonice (Polychaete: Spionidae) from West and Southwest Africa. Zootaxa 4097 (3): 353-368, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4097.3.4
03FEDB4AFF9687620886FD09F9447BC2.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The name is given after the name of the Danish expedition ship that collected most of the specimens of this species.	en	Sikorski, Andrey, Pavlova, Lyudmila (2016): Three new species of Laonice (Polychaete: Spionidae) from West and Southwest Africa. Zootaxa 4097 (3): 353-368, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4097.3.4
03FEDB4AFF9687620886FD09F9447BC2.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Unfortunately, preservation of the material is quite poor and does not allow seeing well some morphological characters. This species is close to the group of species having capillaries arranged in more than 2 rows in anterior parapodia: L. appelloefi Söderström, 1920; L. weddelia Hartman, 1978; L. blakei Sikorski & Jirkov, 1988; L. nuchala Blake, 1996; L. norgensis Sikorski, 2003; L. maciolekae Aguirrezabalaga & Ceberio, 2005 and L. vieitezi Lopez, 2011. L. maciolekae was synonymized (Meißner et al. 2014) with L. appelloefi. L. appelloefi, just as L. galatheae, has anterior notopodial prechaetal lobes, genital pouches from chaetiger 5 – 7, similar length of nuchal organ and similar shape of neuropodial hooks. But L. appelloefi has pointed notopodial postchaetal lobes only until chaetiger 7 or 8 whereas L. galatheae until chaetiger 14 or 15, and the obvious anterior widening of the body in L. appelloefi is absent in L. galatheae. L. weddelia and L. galatheae differ obviously in the length of the nuchal organ (to chaetiger 20 in L. weddelia and to chaetiger 12 – 15 in L. galatheae) and by number of branchiae (to chaetiger 50 in L. weddelia and to chaetiger 33 in L. galatheae). L. blakei differs from L. galatheae by multidentate hooks, by much longer branchiae on chaetiger 2 and by appearance of genital pouches from chaetiger 3. L. nuchala has about 20 segments bearing genital pouches (compared to 4 – 10 in L. galatheae) starting from chaetiger 7 – 8 (compared to chaetiger 5 – 6 in L. galatheae). L. norgensis and L. vieitezi differ from L. galatheae by more posterior appearance of genital pouches, by high transversal dorsal membranes on middle segments, by branchiae existing until nearly the very posterior chaetigers, and by longer nuchal organ.	en	Sikorski, Andrey, Pavlova, Lyudmila (2016): Three new species of Laonice (Polychaete: Spionidae) from West and Southwest Africa. Zootaxa 4097 (3): 353-368, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4097.3.4
03FEDB4AFF9387600886FDB6FC5C7AE5.taxon	description	Laonice cirrata — Kirkegaard 1959: 18 (partim).	en	Sikorski, Andrey, Pavlova, Lyudmila (2016): Three new species of Laonice (Polychaete: Spionidae) from West and Southwest Africa. Zootaxa 4097 (3): 353-368, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4097.3.4
03FEDB4AFF9387600886FDB6FC5C7AE5.taxon	materials_examined	Holotype: R / V " Galathea " Eksp., Guinea Bay, St. 92, 06 ° 40 ʼS, 11 ° 36 ʼE, 380 m, 0 9 Dec. 1950 (ZMUC-POL- 642).	en	Sikorski, Andrey, Pavlova, Lyudmila (2016): Three new species of Laonice (Polychaete: Spionidae) from West and Southwest Africa. Zootaxa 4097 (3): 353-368, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4097.3.4
03FEDB4AFF9387600886FDB6FC5C7AE5.taxon	description	Description. Anterior fragment of 1.9 mm width with 48 chaetigers. Prostomium obviously fused to the peristomium by the anterior margin (very conspicuous fold connecting the anterolateral corner of prostomium and peristomium presented on Fig. 3 B, arrow). Prostomium triangular (Fig. 3 A – B) with two large eyespots in the posterior, with large cylindrical occipital papilla. Caruncle well developed, extending only to the border between chaetiger 1 and 2. Nuchal organ extending chaetiger 20. Branchiae present until chaetiger 39. Branchiae longer than notopodial postchaetal lobes on chaetiger 2, becoming significantly longer on subsequent chaetigers posteriorly (Fig. 3 D – E), over twice as long as notopodial postchaetal lobes. Branchiae long enough to reach bases of branchiae on opposite side of body. Notopodial postchaetal lobes with acute upper tips up to and including the fifth segment. No acute tips from chaetiger 6, no peaks on the lateral margins of notopodial postchaetal lobes. Notopodial postchaetal lobes later become rounded (not extended upwards). Transverse dorsal membranes absent but there are prominent transverse dorsal ciliary bands (two per segment) on six segments posterior to nuchal organ. Neuropodial postchaetal lobes with acute upper tips up to and including the third segment (Fig. 3 C). Tips on neuropodial postchaetal lobes disappear from chaetiger 4 and the lobes become rounded. Genital pouches present until chaetiger 40. Noto- and neuropodial capillaries arranged in two vertical rows. Neuropodial hooded hooks bidentate in side view (Fig. 3 F); but main fang is surmounted by pair of apical teeth. Hooded hooks appear on chaetiger 43, up to 7 per fascicle. Notopodial hooks are not detected. Sabre chaetae detected from chaetiger 24, up to 3 per neuropodium Pygidium unknown. Methyl green staining pattern. No special pattern detected, but in ethanol dorsal ciliary bands lighten much faster than the dorsal body surface.	en	Sikorski, Andrey, Pavlova, Lyudmila (2016): Three new species of Laonice (Polychaete: Spionidae) from West and Southwest Africa. Zootaxa 4097 (3): 353-368, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4097.3.4
03FEDB4AFF9387600886FDB6FC5C7AE5.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Off the mouth of Congo River, 380 m (Fig. 5).	en	Sikorski, Andrey, Pavlova, Lyudmila (2016): Three new species of Laonice (Polychaete: Spionidae) from West and Southwest Africa. Zootaxa 4097 (3): 353-368, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4097.3.4
03FEDB4AFF9387600886FDB6FC5C7AE5.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The name is given after the nickname of Dr. Mary E. Petersen.	en	Sikorski, Andrey, Pavlova, Lyudmila (2016): Three new species of Laonice (Polychaete: Spionidae) from West and Southwest Africa. Zootaxa 4097 (3): 353-368, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4097.3.4
03FEDB4AFF9387600886FDB6FC5C7AE5.taxon	discussion	Remarks. This species should be compared to the Laonice species having prostomium and peristomium fused anteriorly, and without transverse dorsal membranes on the middle segments: species such as L. cirrata; L. brevicornis (Kinberg, 1866); L. antarcticae Hartman, 1953; L. quadridentata Blake & Kudenov, 1978; L. shamrockensis; and probably L. asaccata Sigvaldadottir & Desbruyeres, 2003. First, it should be noted that the possible synonymization of L. petersenae Radashevsky & Lana, 2009 with L. quadridentata has been discussed by Greaves et al (2011, p. 18) based on examination of type material, but the species L. petersenae was not formally synonymized with L. quadridentata. Formally L. petersenae was synonymized with L. brevicornis in Sikorski (2011). It means that following Greaves et al. (2011) L. quadridentata is a junior synonym of L. brevicornis revised in Sikorski 2011. There is really complete overlap of all morphological characters, including shape of hooded hooks, between descriptions of these two species. L. brevicornis has (unlike L. cricketae) tridentate hooks in side view, much more pronounced fusing of prostomium and peristomium, and GP from 3 – 17 or absent. The whole combination of morphological characters makes the new species closest to L. cirrata, but the degree of fusion between prostomium and peristomium by anterior margin is much more prominent in L. cirrata, but not so obvious in L. cricketae. The new species differs from L. cirrata also by short nuchal organ (L. cirrata of a similar size has longer nuchal organ — minimum till chaetiger 22), by value of difference between the numbers of the last chaetiger with nuchal organ and the chaetiger of appearance of sabre chaetae: 4 compared to 1 – 12 in L. cirrata, by much longer branchiae (branchiae of chaetiger 2 are even longer than notopodial postchaetal lobes). Degree of fusion of prostomium with peristomium at the anterior margin makes this species close to L. shamrockensis and L. asaccata. But this feature is the only one bringing them together. The main differences between L. cricketae and L. antarcticae are: the appearance of genital pouches in L. antarcticae from chaetiger 3 – 4 compared to 40 in L. cricketae, and the length of nuchal organ, to chaetiger 12 – 13 in L. antarcticae compared to 20 in L. cricketae.	en	Sikorski, Andrey, Pavlova, Lyudmila (2016): Three new species of Laonice (Polychaete: Spionidae) from West and Southwest Africa. Zootaxa 4097 (3): 353-368, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4097.3.4
03FEDB4AFF91876E0886FEE5F9807B9A.taxon	description	Laonice cirrata — Day 1961: 484 (partim).	en	Sikorski, Andrey, Pavlova, Lyudmila (2016): Three new species of Laonice (Polychaete: Spionidae) from West and Southwest Africa. Zootaxa 4097 (3): 353-368, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4097.3.4
03FEDB4AFF91876E0886FEE5F9807B9A.taxon	materials_examined	Holotype: University of Cape Town’s Ecological Survey, R / V “ Africana I ”, AFR 728 IIj, 31 ° 14.1 ʼS, 16 ° 36.5 ʼE, 272 m, dredge, “ Polyzoa and rock ”, 70 % ethanol, 15 Aug. 1947, det J. H. Day as Laonice cirrata (Sars, 1851) — (SAM A 20531). Anterior fragment of 1.1 mm width containing 51 chaetigers. Prostomium not obviously fused to the peristomium by the anterior margin (membrane connecting the prostomium and peristomium present but is hidden in the groove between the two). Prostomium is bell-shaped (Fig. 4 A) with two large nearly discoloured eye-spots in the posterior, with large cylindrical occipital papilla on the level of chaetiger 1. Caruncle well developed, extending together with nuchal organ to chaetiger 9. Branchiae present until chaetiger 29. Branchiae much shorter than notopodial postchaetal lobes on chaetiger 2, becoming longer on chaetiger 3 (but still shorter than notopodial postchaetal lobes). Branchiae longer than notopodial postchaetal lobes from chaetiger 5. Notopodial postchaetal lobes are significantly enlarged on chaetigers 3 and 4 and are erect (otherwise they could overlap mid-dorsally). Notopodial postchaetal lobes are of maximum size on chaetiger 4. Notopodial postchaetal lobes with acute upper tips up to and including the fourth segment. No acute tips from chaetiger 5, but notopodial postchaetal lobes extend upwards having acute tips visible on the lateral margins of lobes on the branchial segments. The lobes become (on 7 of the following segments) rounded (not extended upwards) with acute peak on the middle of lateral margin. The upper margin of notopodial postchaetal lobes fused to the body wall, shifting toward the dorsal surface of the body at the end of fragment. Transverse dorsal membranes absent. Neuropodial postchaetal lobes rounded, with obvious peaks in the middle of outer margin from chaetiger 13 which become acute from chaetiger 18 or 19. Tips on neuropodial postchaetal lobes disappear from chaetiger 34 and the lobes become posteriorly smaller and rounded. First genital pouches are visible on chaetiger 33 on the left and on chaetiger 32 on the right side. Neuropodial hooded hooks appear on chaetiger 36, up to 11 per neuropodium; hooks are bidentate in side view (Fig. 4 B), but main fang is surmounted by pair of apical teeth. Notopodial hooks not detected. Sabre chaetae appear from chaetiger 19, up to 2 per neuropodium. Pygidium unknown. Methyl green staining pattern. No special pattern detected, but upper halves of anterior surfaces of notopodial postchaetal lobes on chaetigers from 4 to 6 keep a bit more staining comparing to other body parts.	en	Sikorski, Andrey, Pavlova, Lyudmila (2016): Three new species of Laonice (Polychaete: Spionidae) from West and Southwest Africa. Zootaxa 4097 (3): 353-368, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4097.3.4
03FEDB4AFF91876E0886FEE5F9807B9A.taxon	distribution	Distribution. South Africa, north of Cape Town, 272 m (Fig. 5).	en	Sikorski, Andrey, Pavlova, Lyudmila (2016): Three new species of Laonice (Polychaete: Spionidae) from West and Southwest Africa. Zootaxa 4097 (3): 353-368, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4097.3.4
03FEDB4AFF91876E0886FEE5F9807B9A.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The name of the species is derived from the name (Olga) of the daughter of the author — A. Sikorski.	en	Sikorski, Andrey, Pavlova, Lyudmila (2016): Three new species of Laonice (Polychaete: Spionidae) from West and Southwest Africa. Zootaxa 4097 (3): 353-368, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4097.3.4
03FEDB4AFF91876E0886FEE5F9807B9A.taxon	discussion	Remarks. This specimen is morphologically very close to the species L. sarsi known from the Northeastern Atlantic. We can also suppose that notopodial hooded hooks may be present in L. olgae as in L. sarsi. The main difference is that this specimen has such remarkably enlarged notopodial postchaetal lobes on chaetigers 3 and 4. Besides that this specimen and L. sarsi are distinguishable by differences between the number of chaetiger with last visible branchiae and with first visible genital pouches (- 3 in L. olgae and - 1 to 12 in L. sarsi) and by difference between the number of chaetiger with first visible sabre setae and with first visible genital pouches (- 13 in L. olgae and - 11 to 10 in L. sarsi). These differences appear sufficient for description of a new species.	en	Sikorski, Andrey, Pavlova, Lyudmila (2016): Three new species of Laonice (Polychaete: Spionidae) from West and Southwest Africa. Zootaxa 4097 (3): 353-368, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4097.3.4
