identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
03FE00115B79FFD6FF38FC31FA6509C1.text	03FE00115B79FFD6FF38FC31FA6509C1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Enithares Spinola 1837	<div><p>Key to males of the species of Enithares occurring on New Guinea and nearby islands</p><p>1. Paramere large and well-developed, reaching to or exceeding dorsal margin of posterior lobe of pygophore (Figs. 16–21, 35–38); posterior lobe (PL) of pygophore erect, truncate, bearing a small apical notch anterodorsally (Figs. 16–21, 35–38); lateral arms of the basal plate (LABP) elongate and modified distally (Figs. 16–21, 35–38).............( E. atra group) ... 2</p><p>- Paramere small or vestigial (Figs. 39, 40, 49–54); PL rounded or angular, without an anterodorsal notch (Figs. 39, 40, 49–54); LABP shorter, stouter (Figs. 39, 40, 49–54)................................................................ 11</p><p>2. Body length exceeding 12 mm (Figs. 28, 29, 31, 32)......................................................... 3</p><p>- Body length distinctly less than 12 mm .................................................................... 4</p><p>3. LABP tapering distally, apex slightly hooked (Fig 37); central New Guinea mountains........................ E. stylata</p><p>- LABP expanded distally, apex truncate (Fig 21); Papuan Peninsula................................... E. peninsularis</p><p>4. LABP slender on distal half, with apex acute or slightly secondarily expanded (Figs. 18, 19, 36)....................... 5</p><p>- LABP stout on distal half, apex blunt or broadly flared (Figs. 16, 20, 35)......................................... 9</p><p>5. Distal section of LABP tapering throughout its length, apex slender and acuminate (Fig. 36); central mountains of western New Guinea ......................................................................................... E. ziwa</p><p>- Distal section of LABP not tapering as strongly as above, apex rounded or bluntly angled (Figs. 17–19)................. 6</p><p>6. Anterior width of vertex less than length of head; distal section of LABP slender, apex rounded (Figs. 17, 18)............ 7</p><p>- Anterior width of vertex greater than length of head; distal section of LABP thicker than above (Figs. 19, 38)............ 8</p><p>7. Apex of LABP expanded and bulb-like (Fig. 18); ventral margin of proctiger broadly curved (Fig. 18); D’Entrecasteaux Islands....................................................................................... E. insularis</p><p>- Apex of LABP rounded, weakly expanded, not bulb-like, curving slightly upward (Fig. 17); ventral margin of proctiger angular (Fig. 17); southern Papuan Peninsula.................................................................. E. atra</p><p>8. LABP with apex forming a truncate upturned angle (Fig. 19); Mt. Bosavi, southeastern New Guinea ............. E. bosavi</p><p>- Apex of LABP curving gently downward (Fig. 38); Louisiade Archipelago................................. E. tagula</p><p>9. Distal section of LABP with apex expanded to varying degrees (Figs. 16, 35); northeastern New Guinea ............... 10</p><p>- Distal section of LAPB of relatively even width throughout, apex truncate (Fig. 20); southeastern New Guinea or Waigeo Island............................................................................................... 11</p><p>10. Apex of LABP highly expanded, flaring and bi-angular (Fig. 35)........................................ E. elongata</p><p>- Apex of LABP not so strongly expanded as above, not bi-angular (Fig. 16)................................. E. orsaki</p><p>11. Ventrolateral angle of pygophore produced and acute; posterior margin of PL angled anteriorly; Waigeo Island.... E. digitata</p><p>- Ventrolateral angle of pygophore obtuse, not produced (Fig. 20); posterior margin of PL nearly vertical (Fig. 20); southeastern New Guinea ................................................................................... E. papua</p><p>12. Dorsal apex of PL bearing stout, spine-like setae (Figs. 39, 40)................................ ( E. bakeri group) ... 13</p><p>- Dorsal apex of PL lacking stout, spine-like setae (Figs. 49–54)............................. ( E. megalops group) ... 14</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FE00115B79FFD6FF38FC31FA6509C1	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Polhemus, Dan A.	Polhemus, Dan A. (2020): Nine new species of Enithares (Heteroptera: Notonectidae) from New Guinea, with distributional notes on other species and an updated world checklist. Zootaxa 4772 (1): 132-182, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4772.1.5
03FE00115B78FFD4FF38FBD6FA9E0D7E.text	03FE00115B78FFD4FF38FBD6FA9E0D7E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Enithares atra Brooks	<div><p>Enithares atra Brooks</p><p>(Figs. 11, 12, 17, 22)</p><p>Enithares atra Brooks 1948 . J. Kansas Entomol. Soc., 21: 48, fig. 11. Holotype, male, New Guinea, Rigo, Luglio, in SEMC.</p><p>Material examined. PAPUA NEW GUINEA, Central Prov.: 5 males (holotype and paratypes), 7 females (allotype and paratypes), Rigo, Luglio, 1889, L. Loria (SEMC, USNM ex JTPC); 3 males, 8 females, Owen Stanley Range, trib. to upper Mimani River, 0.8 km. W of Dorobisoro, 500 m ., 9°27′39′′S, 147°54′56′′E, water temp. 23.5 °C., 9 October 2003, 08:30–12:30 hrs., CL 7264, D. A . Polhemus (USNM, BPBM); 2 males, 5 females, 2 immatures, Owen Stanley Range, trib. to upper Mimani River, 1.70 km. NE of Dorobisoro, 535 m ., 9°27′25′′S, 147°56′15′′E, water temp. 23.5 °C., 7 October 2003, 13:00–15:00 hrs., CL 7260, D. A . Polhemus (USNM, BPBM). Milne Bay Prov.: 1 male, 9 females, headwater reach of Goilayoli River above crossing on road from Watunou to Huhuna, 11.5 mi. ENE of Alotau, 275 m ., 10°18′43′′S, 150°37′16′′E, 6 April 2002, 10:00–13:00 hrs., CL 7161, D. A . and J. T. Polhemus (USNM) ; 7 females, Pini Range, spring and streamlet nr. old Duabo mission station, 300 m ., 10°25′05′′S, 150°18′24′′E, water temp. 25° C., 9 April 2002, 14:00–15:00 hrs., CL 7170, D. A . and J. T. Polhemus (USNM, BPBM); 3 females, Sagarai River basin, Bwaona River, E. of Mila village, 90 m ., 10°30′14′′S, 150°18′50′′E, water temp. 27–29° C., 7 April 2002, 10:45–12:45 hrs., CL 7165, D. A . and J. T. Polhemus (USNM) ; 6 males, 2 females, Cloudy Mountains, headwater tributary to upper Watuti River, S. of Gelemalaia village, 715 m . 10°29′50′′S, 150°13′58′′E, water temp. 22° C., 10 April 2002, 16:00–17:30 hrs., CL 7175, D. A . Polhemus (USNM, BPBM); 2 males, Cloudy Mountains, rocky stream 0.6 mi. above Gadowalai village, S. of Gelemalaia, 135 m ., 10°28′57′′S, 150°14′27′′E, water temp. 24.5° C., 12 April 2002, 10:00–10:30 hrs., CL 7176, D. A . Polhemus (USNM, BPBM); 9 males, 21 females, Engineer Group, Tubetube Island, small stream above Samoa, 15– 45 m ., 10°35′03′′S, 151°11′36′′E, water temp. 28° C., 19 January 2004, 09:00–10:30 hrs., CL 7299, D. A . and J. T. Polhemus (USNM, BPBM) .</p><p>Discussion. Enithares atra was originally described from a series of 12 specimens taken by Loria at in the Rigo district, along the south coast of New Guinea southeast of Port Moresby. Brooks (1948) stated that the type series of E. atra was in USNM, but Lansbury did not find it there, and Byers later confirmed to him by correspondence that it was in Kansas at SEMC. Thus, when preparing his monograph, Lansbury did not see the actual holotype of this species, but only one male paratype. He instead based his re-description on material from Lae and Finschhaven, localities lying on the north coast of New Guinea far from from the original Rigo type locality.</p><p>A disjunct distribution of this type is quite atypical for most species of aquatic Heteroptera in New Guinea, which led the author to suspect that Lansbury (1968) may have misinterpreted the species concept for E. atra . A comparison of Brooks’ (1948) Figure 11 to material collected by the author in the vicinity of Dorobisoro in the Rigo District, near to the original type locality, shows that the male genitalic structures match well, particularly in regard to the shape of the slender, tapering LABP, which is partially depicted by Brooks . A more detailed illustration of the male genitalia for one of these more recently collected E. atra specimens is provided in Fig. 17.</p><p>Lansbury (1968) also did not indicate which specimens he made his illustrations from, although there are three possibilities based on the material he listed: a male paratype from Rigo at BMNH; a male and female from Lae in Oxford; or a series of 5 males and 9 females from Finschhafen in the South Australian Museum. The genitalia of male specimens collected more recently by the author in the vicinity of Madang match Lansbury’s figures, particularly in regard to shape of the LABP, which terminates in a slightly expanded, truncate apex (Fig. 17, compare to Fig. 273 in Lansbury 1968), so it is clear that he illustrated a north coast male, from either the Finschhafen or Lae series. These north coast populations are in fact an undescribed species, treated herein as E. orsaki n. sp.</p><p>As now understood, E. atra is a lowland species occurring in the southern foothills of the Papuan Peninsula, and ranging eastward through the islands east of Milne Bay as far as Tubetube, in the Engineer Group (Fig. 22). All previous records of this species from the north coast of New Guinea, including those in Lansbury (1968), are referable to E. orsaki n. sp. (see following description and discussion). Based on verified collections, E. atra occupies the South Papuan Peninsula Foreland area of freshwater endemism (Area 30) as defined by D. Polhemus &amp; Allen (2007).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FE00115B78FFD4FF38FBD6FA9E0D7E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Polhemus, Dan A.	Polhemus, Dan A. (2020): Nine new species of Enithares (Heteroptera: Notonectidae) from New Guinea, with distributional notes on other species and an updated world checklist. Zootaxa 4772 (1): 132-182, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4772.1.5
03FE00115B7BFFD5FF38FC79FC490BE2.text	03FE00115B7BFFD5FF38FC79FC490BE2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Enithares orsaki Polhemus 2020	<div><p>Enithares orsaki, sp. nov.</p><p>(Figs. 6, 9, 10, 16, 22)</p><p>Type material examined. Holotype, male (dissected), PAPUA NEW GUINEA, Madang Prov., rocky stream at Kau Wildlife Area, nr. Baitabag village, N. of <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=145.77083&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-5.146111" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 145.77083/lat -5.146111)">Madang</a>, 20 m., [vic. 5°08′46′′S, 145°46′15′′E], 26 March 1994, water temp. 28° C., 16:00–17:30 hrs., CL 7034, D. A. Polhemus (BPBM) . Paratypes: 1 male, 3 females, same data as holotype, CL 7034, D. A . Polhemus (BPBM); 1 male, 4 females, trib. to Mangen River at Reinduk, on Sevan road, 11 km. SW of Bunabun, 150 m ., [4°39′00′′S, 145°27′38′′E], 28 March 1994, water temp. 26° C., 11:00–14:00 hrs., CL 7036, D. A . Polhemus (BPBM) . Additional specimens examined (not paratypes): 1 female, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=145.6789&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-5.2141666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 145.6789/lat -5.2141666)">Gum River</a> nr. Ohu, 11 km. W. of Madang, 80 m., [vic. 5°12′51′′S, 145°40′44′′E], 27 March 1994, water temp. 28° C., 10:00–14:00 hrs., CL 7035, D. A . Polhemus (BPBM) .</p><p>Description. Male: Length 9.40 mm, width across pronotum 3.70 mm.</p><p>Coloration: Ground color yellowish-brown, with hemelytra darker greyish-brown (Fig 9). Vertex and frons varying from uniform yellowish-brown, with a small roughly circular darker brown patch above base of labrum. Pronotum yellowish-brown, posterior margin slightly darker. Scutellum yellowish-brown. Hemelytra greyish-brown, often with with anterior margins of clavus bordering scutellum broadly yellowish-brown, forming a chevron-shaped fascia; wing membrane dark fumate brown. Legs brown, anterior edges of fore and hind femora margined with black; ventral surfaces of fore trochanters, middle and hind trochanters and femora marked with dark reddish brown. Venter brown.</p><p>Structural characters: Head broadly rounded anteriorly when viewed dorsally. Head length 1.00; greatest width 2.85, equal to 0.77 pronotal width; anterior width of vertex 1.00, equal to head length. Synthlipsis 0.50, about 0.50 anterior width of vertex and clearly shorter than pronotum. Pronotal length along midline 1.20, humeral width 3.70, lateral margins convex, posterior margin weakly sinuate. Dorsal margin of pronotal fovea directed caudad behind eyes (Fig. 9). Nodal furrow nearly straight, removed by 2.0× its length from membranal suture, length 0.50, distance to membranal suture 1.00.</p><p>Front and hind legs typical for genus, lacking unusual modifications. Middle trochanter rounded. Middle femur with single moderately large, elongate, sharp subapical tooth, bordered basally by about 20 small black pegs, distally by about 3 similar pegs. Lengths of leg segments as follows: fore femur–tibia–tarsal 1–tarsal 2 = 1.40/1.80/0.60/0.30; middle femur–tibia–tarsal 1–tarsal 2 = 2.40/2.20/0.70/0.40; hind femur–tibia–tarsal 1–tarsal 2 = 3.50/3.10/1.40/0.80.</p><p>Ventral abdomen with metaxyphus triangular, slightly concave, tip acuminate (Fig. 6).</p><p>Male genitalia when viewed laterally (Fig. 16) with proctiger angular, apex acute; posterior lobe of pygophore with posteroventral angle obtuse, bearing a prominent tapering setal tuft, posterior lobe of pygophore erect, apex broad and blunt, posteriorly setiferous, slightly notched anteriorly on dorsal margin; paramere elongate, slightly tapering and curved anteriorly, apex rounded, reaching slightly above dorsal margin of posterior lobe; lateral arm of basal plate stout, elongate, gently curving, apex slightly expanded, truncate; aedeagus semicircular, with numerous transverse folds.</p><p>Female. Length 9.40, width across pronotum 3.70 mm. Similar to male in general structure and coloration (Fig. 10).</p><p>Etymology. The name “orsaki” honors the late Dr. Larry Orsak, formerly of the Christensen Research Institute in Madang, and subsequently affiliated with the Papua New Guinea University of Technology in Lae. Larry was a tireless advocate for conservation of Papua New Guinea’s biodiversity, and the education of its younger generations so that they could provide informed stewardship of it into the future. He was also a good friend and will be missed.</p><p>Discussion. Enithares orsaki is similar to E. atra, with which it was confused by Lansbury (1968) —see the previous discussion under that species. The angular shape of the male proctiger is very similar in both species when viewed laterally, as is the general shape of the PL, with its broadly rounded apex and anterodorsal notch (compare Figs. 16, 17). The posteroventral angle of the pygophore is more pronounced in E. atra, however, while the apex of the paramere is more rounded in E. orsaki (compare Figs. 16, 17). The male paramere in E. orsaki is also curved very slightly anterad, whereas the anterior paramere margin is straight in E. atra . The major differences between these species lie in the structure of the LABP, which is gently sinuate and tapering in E. atra, coming to a slender apex, versus broadly curved and stout in E. orsaki, terminating in a slightly expanded and broadly truncate apex (compare Figs. 16, 17).</p><p>Ecological notes. The type locality at the Kau Wildlife Area (CL 7034), north of Madang, was a small, clear stream emerging from low hills behind the coast. The bed profile consisted of small, sloping cascades over bedrock sills, interspersed with long pools and shallow runs. The channel was heavily shaded when the collections were made late in the day. Enithares orsaki was found here in standing side pools amid the bedrock sills, free of fish and not directly connected to the main stream.</p><p>Additional specimens were taken along a tributary to the Mangan River at Reinduk (CL 7036), a village in the foothills of the Adelbert Mountains to the west of Madang. This small streamlet emerged from primary rain forest flowing over scattered exposures of travertine which formed small, dripping waterfalls, interspersed with shallow flowing riffles and small pools. Enithares orsaki was taken from the deeper pools along this tributary.</p><p>As currently understood, E. orsaki is confined to the northern coastal ranges of Papua New Guinea, with a distribution extending from the Adelbert Mountains in the vicinity of Madang eastward through the Huon Peninsula (Fig. 22). The records of E. atra from Lae and Finschhafen listed by Lansbury (1968) are now considered to apply to this species instead. As such, E. orsaki occupies the Adelbert, Finisterre and Saruwaged Mountains area of freshwater endemism (Area 14) as defined by D. Polhemus &amp; Allen (2007).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FE00115B7BFFD5FF38FC79FC490BE2	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Polhemus, Dan A.	Polhemus, Dan A. (2020): Nine new species of Enithares (Heteroptera: Notonectidae) from New Guinea, with distributional notes on other species and an updated world checklist. Zootaxa 4772 (1): 132-182, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4772.1.5
03FE00115B7AFFDEFF38F9DDFAB00CD2.text	03FE00115B7AFFDEFF38F9DDFAB00CD2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Enithares papua Polhemus 2020	<div><p>Enithares papua new species</p><p>(Figs. 7, 20, 22, 25, 26)</p><p>Type material examined. Holotype, male (dissected), PAPUA NEW GUINEA, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=146.55139&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-7.6766667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 146.55139/lat -7.6766667)">Central Prov.</a>, Yaniwe River and small tributary streamlets at Tekadu, 300 m., water temp. 24° C., 21 January 2001, 12:00–16:30 hrs., 07°40′36′′S, 146°33′05′′E, CL 7157, D. A. Polhemus (BPBM).</p><p>Paratypes: PAPUA NEW GUINEA, Central Prov.: 9 males, 9 females, 1 immature, same data as holotype, CL 7157, D. A . Polhemus (USNM, BPBM) ; 2 males, 6 females, Owen Stanley Range, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=147.0861&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-8.566667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 147.0861/lat -8.566667)">Hane River</a>, 1.8 km. SSE of Fane, 1310–1370 m., 8°34′00′′S, 147°05′10′′E, water temp. 19 °C., 3 October 2003, 10:30–13:30 hrs., CL 7253 ,</p><p>D. A. Polhemus (USNM); 1 male, Owen Stanley Range, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=147.06778&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-8.556945" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 147.06778/lat -8.556945)">Mas River</a>, 2.0 km. SW of Fane, 1235 m., 8°33′25′′S, 147°04′04′′E, water temp. 20 °C., 5 October 2003, 10:00–13:30 hrs., CL 7257, D . A. Polhemus (USNM). Southern Highlands Prov.: 2 males (dissected), 3 females, small rocky creek in disturbed forest, approx. 1.0 km. N. of <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=143.29167&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-6.328611" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 143.29167/lat -6.328611)">Tubage</a>, NE of Moro, 1000 m., 06°19′43′′S, 143°17′30′′E, water temp. 21° C., 14 March 1995, 14:30–15:00 hrs.; 22 March 1995, 13:00–13:30 hrs., CL 7022, D . A. Polhemus (USNM, BPBM); 1 male (dissected), small forest tributary to upper Mubi River at Swinging Bridge, nr. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=143.29918&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-6.325278" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 143.29918/lat -6.325278)">Tubage</a>, NE of Moro, 900 m., 06°19′31′′S, 143°17′57′′E, water temp. 20° C., 14 March 1995, 11:00–13:00 hrs., CL 7020, D . A. Polhemus (USNM); 1 female, seeping rock face and roadside streamlets, approx. 2 km. S. of Moro oil camp on road to <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=143.22249&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-6.3694444" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 143.22249/lat -6.3694444)">Iagifu Ridge</a>, 950 m., 06°22′10′′S, 143°13′21′′E, 21 March 1995, 13:30–16:00 hrs., CL 7031, D . A. Polhemus (USNM) .</p><p>Description. Male: Length 10.40 mm, width across pronotum 3.90 mm.</p><p>Coloration: Ground color dark greyish-brown (Fig. 25). Vertex and frons varying from uniform medium brown to uniform creamy white. Pronotum medium brown, sometimes paler brown along anterior margin. Scutellum black to dark brown, sometimes becoming creamy white on posterior half. Hemelytra dark grey, often with with anterior margins of clavus bordering scutellum broadly pale, forming a chevron-shaped fascia; wing membrane dark fumate brown. Legs brown, anterior edges of fore and hind femora margined with black. Venter brown.</p><p>Structural characters: Head broadly rounded anteriorly when viewed dorsally. Head length 1.15; greatest width 3.10, equal to 0.79 pronotal width; anterior width of vertex 1.00, equal to 0.87× head length. Synthlipsis 0.60, about 0.60 anterior width of vertex and clearly shorter than pronotum. Pronotal length along midline 1.20, humeral width 3.90, lateral margins convex, posterior margin weakly sinuate. Dorsal margin of pronotal fovea directed caudad behind eyes. Nodal furrow nearly straight, removed by 2.0× its length from membranal suture, length 0.70, distance to membranal suture 1.40.</p><p>Front and hind legs typical for genus, lacking unusual modifications. Middle trochanter rounded. Middle femur with single large, elongate, sharp subapical tooth, bordered basally by about 13 small black pegs, distally by about 4 similar pegs. Lengths of leg segments as follows: fore femur–tibia–tarsal 1–tarsal 2 = 1.50/1.80/0.70/0.30; middle femur–tibia–tarsal 1–tarsal 2 = 2.60/2.30/0.70/0.40; hind femur–tibia–tarsal 1–tarsal 2 = 4.20/3.50/1.50/0.70.</p><p>Ventral abdomen with metaxyphus triangular, slightly concave, tip acuminate (Fig. 7).</p><p>Male genitalia when viewed laterally (Fig. 20) with proctiger dorsal apex weakly sinuate, apex truncate; posterior lobe of pygophore with posteroventral angle obtuse, bearing a prominent tapering setal tuft, posterior lobe of pygophore erect, apex broad and blunt, posteriorly setiferous, slightly notched anteriorly on dorsal margin; paramere elongate, slightly tapering, apex rounded, reaching to dorsal margin of posterior lobe; lateral arm of basal plate stout, elongate, apex weakly angular, ventral margin slightly keeled near apex; aedeagus semicircular, with numerous transverse folds.</p><p>Female: Length 10.00, width across pronotum 3.95 mm. Similar to male in general structure and coloration, with following exceptions: coloration generally paler, with all or part of vertex, frons, pronotum and scutellum creamy white (Fig. 26).</p><p>Etymology. The name “papua” is a noun in apposition, and refers to the geographic range of this species, which occurs in river basins draining to the Gulf of Papua.</p><p>Discussion. Among the New Guinea Enithares assemblage, E. papua appears allied to E. atra, E stylata, and E. elongata, as well as E. bosavi and E. peninsularis newly described herein, on the basis of the large, blunt PL with a notch anterodorsally, and the well-developed paramere that reaches to or slightly exceeds the dorsal margin of the PL (Figs. 17, 19, 20, 21, 35, 37). Among this group of species, E. papua can be readily distinguished by its prominent LABP, which is elongate, weakly sinuate, and keeled apicoventrally (Fig. 20). The paramere shape is also slightly different from these other species, being slightly expanded basally, then gradually tapering distally to a rounded apex (Fig. 20).</p><p>Enithares papua is similar in many respects to E. insularis, differing primarily in the structure of its male genitalia. The shapes of the PL and parameres are close, but the posterior paramere margin in E. papua is gently bowed, whereas in E. insularis it is straight, and the apex of the paramere in E. insularis is more rounded. The male proctiger has a curved ventral margin in both species in lateral view, but in E. papua the apex comes to an acute angle, rather than being bluntly rounded as in E. insularis (compare Figs. 18, 20). The structure of the LABP differs between the two species and is the most diagnostic gentalic character, with the distal portion of the LABP narrowed in E. insularis and then apically expanded to form a small bulb, whereas in E. papua the LABP is of nearly the same thickness throughout its length, terminating in a truncate apex with a small, angular point posteroventrally (compare Figs. 18, 20). In addition to these genitalic differences, the male fore femur of E. insularis has a very thick and extensive pad of short, dense black setae which runs the length of the anteroventral margin (Fig. 20); this setal pad is less prominently developed in E. papua, and is composed of pale brown to silvery setae.</p><p>Ecological Notes. At the Tekadu type locality (CL 7157) E. papua was taken from a seepage-fed side channel in gravel and cobbles adjacent to the main Yaniwe River, which was swift and rocky. These shallow, shaded pools were devoid of fish, and also supported Hydrometra eioana J. Polhemus &amp; Lansbury and an undescribed Microvelia species. At the Swinging Bridge locality (CL 7020), E. papua was taken from a small, steeply descending rainforest streamlet on the south bank of the Mupi River. Individuals occupied small pools connected by tiny riffles and cascades. At a nearby stream south of Tubage (CL 7022) this species was found in a small, heavily shaded forest stream with small pools connected by riffles (D. Polhemus 1995).</p><p>Enithares papua is currently known from intermediate elevations in south-flowing drainages of the Owen Stanley Range and southern central highlands of Papua New Guinea (Fig. 22). Collection records span the Auga, Lakekamu, and Kikori river basins, indicating that this species will also be shown to occur in the intervening Purari River basin as well. By contrast, this species was not encountered in the south-flowing Ajkwa River basin of Indonesian New Guinea, to the west of the Digul River, despite comprehensive surveys in that drainage (D. Polhemus &amp; J. Polhemus 2000). Based on these records, E. papua occupies the South Papuan Peninsula Foreland and Papuan Gulf Foreland areas of freshwater endemism (Areas 25 and 30) as defined by D. Polhemus &amp; Allen (2007).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FE00115B7AFFDEFF38F9DDFAB00CD2	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Polhemus, Dan A.	Polhemus, Dan A. (2020): Nine new species of Enithares (Heteroptera: Notonectidae) from New Guinea, with distributional notes on other species and an updated world checklist. Zootaxa 4772 (1): 132-182, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4772.1.5
03FE00115B71FFDFFF38F91AFDFD096E.text	03FE00115B71FFDFFF38F91AFDFD096E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Enithares peninsularis Polhemus 2020	<div><p>Enithares peninsularis new species</p><p>(Figs. 21, 30–32)</p><p>Type material examined. Holotype, male (dissected): PAPUA NEW GUINEA, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=147.23778&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-8.53389" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 147.23778/lat -8.53389)">Central Prov.</a>, Owen Stanley Range, Udabe River headwaters, 1.75 km. WNW of Woitape, 1615–1645 m., 8°32′02′′S, 147°14′16′′E, water temp. 16.5–18.5 °C., 1 October 2003, 09:00–14:00 hrs., CL 7247, D. A. Polhemus (BPBM) . Paratypes: PAPUA NEW GUINEA, Central Prov., 2 males, 7 females, same data as holotype, CL 7247, D. A. Polhemus (USNM, BPBM) ; 3 males, 2 females, 1 immature, Owen Stanley Range, small hill streamlet, 1.3 km. SSE of Woitape, 1600</p><p>m., 8°33′00′′S, 147°15′34′′E, water temp. 17.5 °C., 2 October 2003, 08:30–09:15 hrs., CL 7248, D. A . Polhemus (USNM, BPBM).</p><p>Description. Male: Length 12.20 mm, width across pronotum 4.60 mm.</p><p>Coloration: Ground color dark brown (Fig. 31). Vertex and frons yellowish-orange; frons bearing a pair (1+1) of small irregular brown patches near anterior apex to either side of midline, and another roughly triangular brown patch along midline above base of labrum. Pronotum with anterior third lying between lateral foveae brown, bordered posteriorly by a creamy white transverse fascia, posterior half of pronotum dark brown. Scutellum dark brownish-black, posterior apex dark yellow. Hemelytra medium brown hyaline, certain areas appearing darker due to dorsal color showing through; wing membrane dark fumate brown. Legs yellowish brown, central portions of trochanters and femora, and anterior faces of fore tibia suffused with darker reddish-brown, hind femur narrowly margined with dark brown, a second similar narrow longitudinal stripe running parallel to this on ventral face. Venter brown, coxal plates margined with tan.</p><p>Structural characters: Head broadly rounded anteriorly when viewed dorsally. Head length 1.00; greatest width 3.60, equal to 0.78 pronotal width; anterior width of vertex 1.40, equal to 1.4× head length. Synthlipsis 0.98, about 0.70 anterior width of vertex and clearly shorter than pronotum. Pronotal length along midline 1.40, humeral width 4.60, lateral margins convex, posterior margin weakly sinuate. Dorsal margin of pronotal fovea directed caudad behind eyes. Nodal furrow curved weakly cephalad, removed by over 2.0× its length from membranal suture, length 0.60, distance to membranal suture 1.40.</p><p>Front and hind legs typical for genus, lacking unusual modifications. Middle trochanter rounded. Middle femur with single large subapical tooth, bordered basally by about 8 small black pegs, distally by about 4 similar pegs. Lengths of leg segments as follows: fore femur–tibia–tarsal 1–tarsal 2 = 2.00/2.00/0.80/0.40; middle femur–tibia–tarsal 1–tarsal 2 = 2.30/2.10/0.90/0.60; hind femur–tibia–tarsal 1–tarsal 2 = 4.80/4.00/1.80/1.10.</p><p>Ventral abdomen with metaxyphus elongate triangular, slightly concave, apex acuminate.</p><p>Male genitalia when viewed laterally (Fig. 21) with proctiger roughly rectangular, apex angular; pygophore with posteroventral angle forming an obtuse angle bearing a prominent setal tuft, posterior lobe of pygophore well produced, dorsal margin truncate, slightly notched anterodorsally; paramere large, tapering, apex blunt, reaching to apex of posterior lobe; lateral arm of basal plate large, basal section gently curving, bearing an anteroventral process, distal section gradually tapering, apex blunt, rounded; aedeagus semicircular, with numerous transverse folds.</p><p>Female: Length 12.70 mm, width across pronotum 4.90 mm. Similar to male in general structure and coloration, but with pronotum and scutellum entirely yellowish-orange (Fig. 32).</p><p>Etymology. The name “peninsularis” refers to the geographic range of this species, which is confined to the Papuan Peninsula.</p><p>Discussion. In terms of size, E. peninsularis is one of the largest Enithares species occurring on New Guinea, with body lengths in both sexes exceeding 12 mm. The genitalic morphology of E. peninsularis shares similarities to that of E. stylata, another high altitude species, particularly in regard to the blunt, dorsally notched posterior lobe on the pygophore (PL), and the elongate paramere with a rounded apex. However, the shape of the proctiger when viewed laterally is roughly rectangular in E. peninsularis, versus roughly triangular in E. stylata (compare Figs. 21, 37). In addition, the shape of the LABP will immediately separate the two species, with that of E. peninsularis being stout and gently curving, with a blunt apex and a prominent ventral process, whereas that of E. stylata is more strongly curved and tapering, coming to an acute, slightly hooked apex, and lacks a ventral process (compare Figs. 21, 37).</p><p>Ecological notes. At the type locality near Woitape (CL 7247), E. peninsularis was taken from the still waters of a deep, algae-filled side pool formed behind large boulders.</p><p>Enithares peninsularis appears to be restricted to the higher elevations in the Owen Stanley Range of the Papuan Peninsula (Fig. 30). The only other Enithares species on New Guinea of similar large size is E. stylata, which is widespread through the central highlands of Papua New Guinea west of the Aure Scarp (Fig. 30). Based on known records, E. peninsularis occupies the Owen Stanley Mountains area of freshwater endemism (Area 31) as defined by D. Polhemus &amp; Allen (2007).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FE00115B71FFDFFF38F91AFDFD096E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Polhemus, Dan A.	Polhemus, Dan A. (2020): Nine new species of Enithares (Heteroptera: Notonectidae) from New Guinea, with distributional notes on other species and an updated world checklist. Zootaxa 4772 (1): 132-182, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4772.1.5
03FE00115B73FFDCFF38FF51FD870926.text	03FE00115B73FFDCFF38FF51FD870926.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Enithares stylata Lansbury 1968	<div><p>Enithares stylata Lansbury</p><p>(Figs. 28–30, 37)</p><p>Material examined. PAPUA NEW GUINEA, Eastern Highlands Prov.: 2 males, 3 females, Kassam, 1350 m, 48 km E of Kainantu, 28-X-1959, T. C. Maa (holotype and paratypes, BPBM, USNM ex. JTPC) ; 1 male, 1 female, Tapo [= Tapu], 1650 m, 3 km W of Kainantu, 22-X-1959, T. C. Maa (paratypes, BPBM) . Western Highlands Prov.: 1 male, 5 females, stream 17 km. N. of <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=144.20277&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-5.7294445" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 144.20277/lat -5.7294445)">Mt. Hagen on Baiyer River Road</a>, 1930 m., [5°43′46′′S, 144°12′10′′E], 6 September 1983, CL 1780, D. A. Polhemus &amp; J. T. Polhemus (USNM ex. JTPC, BPBM) . Morobe Prov.: 1 male, 1 female, stream 1.5 km. N. of Mumeng, 800 m ., [vic. 6°57′38′′S, 146°37′03′′E], 19 September 1983, CL 1832, D. A. Polhemus and J. T. Polhemus (USNM ex. JTPC); 5 males, 21 females, Bamboo Creek, near Wau, 16 September 1983, 945 m ., [vic. 7°18′10′′S, 146°44′05′′E], CL 1817, D. A. Polhmemus and J. T. Polhemus (USNM ex. JTPC); 1 female, Kauli Creek, near Wau, 16 September 1983, CL 1826, D. A. Polhemus and J. T. Polhemus (USNM ex. JTPC) ; 3 males, stream 17.8 km. N. of Mumeng, 200 m ., [vic. 6°47′41′′S, 146°38′23′′E], 19 September 1983, CL 1835, D. A. Polhemus and J. T. Polhemus (USNM ex. JTPC); 1 male, 3 females, Clearwater Creek, 3 km. S. of Mumeng, 710 m ., [6°58′12′′S, 146°37′49′′E], CL 1831, 19 September 1983, D. A. Polhemus and J. T. Polhemus (USNM ex. JTPC); 1 male, 3 females, Wampit River, 10.7 km. N. of Mumeng, 660 m ., [6°51′45′′S, 146°36′36′′E], 19 September 1983, CL 1833, D. A. Polhemus and J. T. Polhemus (USNM ex. JTPC). <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=146.61&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-6.8624997" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 146.61/lat -6.8624997)">Central Prov</a>.: 1 male, Eio Creek, nr. Baruanumu, E. of Port Moresby, ~ 500 m ., [vic. 9°24′54′′S, 147°32′25′′E], 22 September 1983, CL 1840, D. A. Polhemus and J. T. Polhemus (USNM ex. JTPC);</p><p>Discussion. I have examined the holotype of this species, a male from Kasam, in the central highlands of Papua New Guinea. The holotype has not been dissected, but a male paratype from the same locality in the Bishop Museum line collection has the genital capsule and some leg segments stored dry in a vial beneath it, in Lansbury’s typical curation style, and is clearly the specimen illustrated in his 1968 monograph. The male genitalia with a notched PL, and curving, acuminate LABP are diagnostic (Fig. 37), and match the character states in the other specimens listed above. For comparisons to E. peninsularis and E. ziwa, which have certain genitalic similarities, see the discussions under those respective species.</p><p>Ecological notes. At the locality 17 km north of Mt. Hagen (CL 1780), this species was taken from a rushing mountain stream with cold water, flowing in a rocky bed. Collections were made upstream of the road crossing, where the stream flowed through a series of waterfalls 3–6 m high, connected by long, deep pools, with E. stylata found in the latter habitat. The Bamboo Creek locality, near Wau (CL 1817), was a small, shallow stream with a gravel bed, flowing in a deep, narrow gorge with smooth bedrock walls. The stream profile consisted of a series of deep, still pools in which E. stylata occurred, connected by shallow riffles; the walls of the gorge were wet and mossy with forest above, keeping the water in deep shade. Shade is not essential to this species, however, since at other localities in the New Guinea highlands it was taken in rocky streams with unshaded beds traversing open anthropogenic grasslands.</p><p>Based on current records, E. stylata is distributed in the central mountain ranges of Papua New Guinea from the Western Highlands Province around Mt. Hagen eastward through the Goroka area to Morobe Province in the vicinity of Wau (Fig. 30). This is an upland, cold water species, with all records coming from above 500 m. elevation, and many from much higher. Further east from Wau, in the Owen Stanley Range of the Papuan Peninsula, E. stylata is replaced by E. peninsularis at similar elevations. The western limit of distribution for E. stylata is not known, due to an absence of collections from the central mountains of Indonesian New Guinea in the area bordering the Papua New Guinea frontier. Much further west, in the Wapoga River basin, one finds E. ziwa at similar elevations, and this latter species also shares certain genitalic similarities to E. stylata (see discussion below), indicating a sequential west-to-east replacement of related species in the central mountains. Based on the above distribution, E. stylata occupies the East Papuan Central Highlands and Morobe Highlands areas of freshwater endemism (Areas 21 and 22) as defined by D. Polhemus &amp; Allen (2007).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FE00115B73FFDCFF38FF51FD870926	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Polhemus, Dan A.	Polhemus, Dan A. (2020): Nine new species of Enithares (Heteroptera: Notonectidae) from New Guinea, with distributional notes on other species and an updated world checklist. Zootaxa 4772 (1): 132-182, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4772.1.5
03FE00115B73FFC3FF38F886FE6C0F62.text	03FE00115B73FFC3FF38F886FE6C0F62.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Enithares ziwa Polhemus 2020	<div><p>Enithares ziwa new species</p><p>(Figs. 27, 30, 36)</p><p>Type material examined. Holotype, male: INDONESIA, Irian Jaya Prov. [Papua Prov.], New Guinea, pools on rainforest floor near PTFI Wapoga Alpha drilling camp, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=136.57361&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-3.1447222" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 136.57361/lat -3.1447222)">upper Ziwa River</a> valley, 1050 m., 3°08′41′′S, 136°34′25′′E,</p><p>water temp. 20° C., 18 April 1998, 10:00–17:00 hrs., 19 April 1998, 14:00–18:00 hrs., CL 7100, D. A . Polhemus (USNM). Paratypes : INDONESIA, Irian Jaya Prov.: 4 females, same data as holotype, CL 7100, D. A . Polhemus (USNM, BPBM) ;</p><p>Description. Male: Length 10.90 mm, width across pronotum 4.20 mm.</p><p>Coloration: Ground color black, with frons and vertex pale, limited pale markings on pronotum and hemelytra (Fig. 27). Vertex and frons dark yellow, with a pair (1+1) of irregular dark brown patches on frons at apex of head; 3 irregular dark brown patches present on lower frons, running transversely above base of labrum. Pronotum black, with incipient pale creamy white fascia across transverse midline. Scutellum uniformly shining black. Hemelytra black, with limited creamy white markings along embolar suture; wing membrane dark fumate brown. Legs yellowish-brown dorsally, medium brown ventrally, with anterior faces of fore and middle femora weakly suffused with reddish brown; posterior femur narrowly margined with black along anterior face; ventral surfaces of all trochanters and femora sparingly marked with darker brown. Venter brown.</p><p>Structural characters: Head broadly rounded anteriorly when viewed dorsally. Head length 1.10; greatest width 3.40, equal to 0.81 pronotal width; anterior width of vertex 1.30, equal to 1.18 head length. Synthlipsis 0.75, about 0.58 anterior width of vertex and clearly shorter than pronotum. Pronotal length along midline 1.30, humeral width 4.20, lateral margins convex, posterior margin weakly sinuate. Dorsal margin of pronotal fovea directed caudad behind eyes (Fig. 27). Nodal furrow nearly straight, removed by 2.3× its length from membranal suture, length 0.60, distance to membranal suture 1.40.</p><p>Fore and hind legs typical for genus, lacking unusual modifications. Middle trochanter rounded. Middle femur with single moderately large, elongate, sharp subapical tooth, bordered basally by about 16 small black pegs, distally by about 3 similar pegs. Lengths of leg segments as follows: fore femur–tibia–tarsal 1–tarsal 2 = 1.70/1.70/0.70/0.45; middle femur–tibia–tarsal 1–tarsal 2 = 2.50/2.20/0.90/0.50; hind femur–tibia–tarsal 1–tarsal 2 = 4.30/3.60/1.80/0.90.</p><p>Ventral abdomen with metaxyphus triangular, slightly concave, tip acuminate.</p><p>Male genitalia when viewed laterally (Fig. 36) with posterior lobe of pygophore with posteroventral angle sharp, bearing a prominent tapering setal tuft, posterior margin strongly bowed posteriorly and bearing long setae, apex truncate, slightly notched anteriorly on dorsal margin; paramere elongate, slightly tapering, apex rounded, exceeding dorsal margin of posterior lobe; lateral arm of basal plate sinuate, basal half stout, distal half strongly tapering, apex acuminate; aedeagus semicircular, with numerous transverse folds.</p><p>Female: Length 10.50, width across pronotum 4.10 mm. Similar to male in general structure and coloration, but with coloration paler, ground color medium brown, scutellum entirely creamy yellowish-white.</p><p>Etymology. The name “ziwa” is a noun in apposition and refers to the Ziwa River type locality.</p><p>Discussion. In regard to its male genital structures, Enithares ziwa is similar to E. stylata from the central mountains of Papua New Guinea, and the paramere shapes are similar in the two species. However, the posterior lobe of the pygophore in E. ziwa has the posteroventral angle far more sharp and pronounced, and the posterior margin of the PL more prominently bowed (compare Figs. 36, 37). The LABP in both species is strongly tapering on the distal half, but in E. stylata it comes to a slightly hooked apex, whereas in E. ziwa the apex is sharp and acuminate (compare Figs. 36, 37). The two species may also be segregated on the basis of size, with E. stylata having body lengths ranging from 11.75–13.00 mm, whereas all examples of E. ziwa so far known have body lengths of 10.90 mm or less.</p><p>Enithares ziwa is currently known from a single series taken in the upper Wapoga River basin, draining the north slopes of the central mountains in western New Guinea (Fig. 30). It will likely prove to be more broadly distributed when further collections are obtained from the remote regions lying between the Papua New Guinea border and the Paniai Lakes. Based on apparent homologies in the male gentalic characters, E. ziwa, E. stylata and E. peninsularis appear to be related, large-sized species occurring at elevations above 1000 m in the central mountains of New Guinea, which sequentially replace each other as one moves west-to-east along the uplift. Within this assemblage, E. ziwa occupies the West Papuan Central Highlands area of freshwater endemism (Area 20) as defined by D. Polhemus &amp; Allen (2007).</p><p>This is the species treated in part under the concept of “ Enithares sp. undet #2” by D. Polhemus (2000) from sampling station 56 in the Conservation International rapid assessment report covering surveys in the Wapoga River Basin of north Indonesian New Guinea. The collections from this site were initially thought to contain only a single Enithares species, but upon closer examination proved to be a mixed series containing both E. elongata Lansbury and E. ziwa n. sp.</p><p>Ecological notes. The type series of E. ziwa was taken from a pooled area along the margin of the Ziwa River, a swift mountain torrent draining from the northern slope of the New Guinea central ranges. The pool was adjacent to a set of cobble riffles, which graded into swift rapids in the main channel. The habitat preference of this species is similar to that of E. stylata, which also occurs in slower areas along the margins of swift rivers in the highlands of Papua New Guinea.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FE00115B73FFC3FF38F886FE6C0F62	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Polhemus, Dan A.	Polhemus, Dan A. (2020): Nine new species of Enithares (Heteroptera: Notonectidae) from New Guinea, with distributional notes on other species and an updated world checklist. Zootaxa 4772 (1): 132-182, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4772.1.5
03FE00115B6CFFC0FF38FAECFAE30872.text	03FE00115B6CFFC0FF38FAECFAE30872.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Enithares insularis Polhemus 2020	<div><p>Enithares insularis new species</p><p>(Figs. 4, 13, 14, 18, 55)</p><p>Type material examined. Holotype, male (dissected): PAPUA NEW GUINEA, Milne Bay Prov., D’Entrecasteaux Islands, Fergusson Island, east coast, cascading tributary to <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=150.86833&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-9.511666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 150.86833/lat -9.511666)">Mebulibuli Creek</a>, 0.9 km. upstream of mouth, S. of <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=150.86833&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-9.511666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 150.86833/lat -9.511666)">Basima</a>, 15 m., 9°30′42′′S, 150°52′06′′E, water temp. 24.5° C., 24 August 2002, 13:30–14:30 hrs., CL 7181, D. A. and J. T. Polhemus (USNM) . Paratypes: 3 males, 7 females, 1 immature, same data as holotype, CL 7181, D. A . and J. T. Polhemus (USNM, BPBM); 2 males, 3 females, 1 immature, D’Entrecasteaux Islands, Goodenough Island, Yalaauau River, NW of Kalauna village, 320 m . 9°22′51′′S, 150°19′22′′E, water temp. 22.5° C., 26 August 2002, 12:30–13:15 hrs., CL 7186, D. A . and J. T. Polhemus (USNM, BPBM); 6 males, 3 females, D’Entrecasteaux Islands, Normanby Island, east end, upper Dibuwa River and rocky tribs., W. of Yeluyelua, 245 m ., 10°02′46.2′′S, 151°14′53.0′′E, water temp. 24° C., 30 January 2003, 09:30–12:30 hrs, CL 7231, D A . Polhemus (USNM, BPBM) . Additional specimens examined (not paratypes): 2 females, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=150.80472&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-9.509444" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 150.80472/lat -9.509444)">D’Entrecasteaux Islands</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=150.80472&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-9.509444" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 150.80472/lat -9.509444)">Fergusson Island</a>, east coast, upper Awaetowa River and rocky tribs., W. of Basima, 575–650 m., 9°30′34′′S, 150°48′17′′E, water temp. 22° C., 27 January 2003, 10:00–14:00 hrs., CL 7225, D. A . Polhemus (USNM, BPBM) .</p><p>Description. Male: Length 9.20 mm, width across pronotum 3.65 mm.</p><p>Coloration: Ground color dark brown to black, with scattered paler markings on pronotum and hemelytra (Fig. 13). Vertex and frons yellowish-brown, with an irregular dark brown patch at apex of head flanked by reddish; irregular dark brown transverse fascia present on lower frons, isolating a roughly triangular dark yellow patch above base of labrum. Pronotum yellowish-brown on anterior two-thirds between and surrounding pronotal fovea, dark brown on posterior third. Scutellum dark brown to black. Hemelytra greyish-brown, with inner margins of clavus, outer base of clavus, basal two-thirds of embolium yellowish-brown; wing membrane dark fumate brown. Legs with coxae, trochanters and femora brown, tibiae and tarsi yellowish brown, anterior faces of femora broadly suffused with black; ventral surfaces of fore trochanters, middle and hind trochanters and femora marked with dark reddish brown. Venter brown.</p><p>Structural characters: Head broadly rounded anteriorly when viewed dorsally. Head length 1.00; greatest width 2.80, equal to 0.77 pronotal width; anterior width of vertex 0.90, equal to 0.90 head length. Synthlipsis 0.50, about 0.55 anterior width of vertex and clearly shorter than pronotum. Pronotal length along midline 1.10, humeral width 3.65, lateral margins convex, posterior margin weakly sinuate. Dorsal margin of pronotal fovea directed caudad behind eyes (Fig. 13). Nodal furrow nearly straight, removed by 1.6× its length from membranal suture, length 0.50, distance to membranal suture 0.80.</p><p>Fore tibia with extremely thick, dense pad of short black setae along anteroventral margin, covering anterior half of ventral face of tibia. Middle trochanter rounded. Middle femur with single moderately large, elongate, sharp subapical tooth, bordered basally by about 20 small black pegs, distally by about 3 similar pegs. Hind legs typical for genus, lacking unusual modifications. Lengths of leg segments as follows: fore femur–tibia–tarsal 1–tarsal 2 = 1.30/1.80/0.60/0.30; middle femur–tibia–tarsal 1–tarsal 2 = 2.30/2.10/0.60/0.40; hind femur–tibia–tarsal 1–tarsal 2 = 3.70/3.00/1.40/0.80.</p><p>Ventral abdomen with metaxyphus triangular, slightly concave, tip acuminate (Fig. 4).</p><p>Male genitalia when viewed laterally (Fig. 18) with ventral margin of proctiger broadly rounded, apex blunt; posterior lobe of pygophore with posteroventral angle broadly obtuse, bearing a prominent tapering setal tuft, posterior lobe of pygophore erect, apex broad and blunt, posteriorly setiferous, slightly notched anteriorly on dorsal margin; paramere elongate, slightly tapering and curved anteriorly, posterior margin straight, apex rounded, reaching slightly above dorsal margin of posterior lobe; lateral arm of basal plate gently curving, stout basally, more slender distally, apex slightly expanded and bulb-like; aedeagus semicircular, with numerous transverse folds.</p><p>Female: Length 9.20, width across pronotum 3.70 mm. Similar to male in general structure and coloration, but with pad of black setae along anteroventral margin of fore femur not as thick or extensive.</p><p>Etymology. The name “insularis” refers to the geographic range of this species, which is endemic to the D’Entrecasteaux Islands lying to the northeast of the Papuan Peninsula of eastern New Guinea.</p><p>Discussion. Enithares insularis is similar in general size and coloration to E. atra, but differs in aspects of its male genitalia. Although the shape of the paramere and PL are similar in both species, the male proctiger in E. atra has a pronounced angle on the ventral margin, whereas in E. insularis the ventral margin is gently curving (compare Figs. 17, 18). The structure of the LABP is notably different between the two species, with the distal portion slender with a slightly upturned apex in E. atra, versus slightly thicker and expanded into a rounded, bulb-like apex in E. insularis (compare Figs. 17, 18). In addition to these genitalic differences, the male fore femur of E. insularis has a very thick and extensive pad of short, dense black setae which runs the length of the anteroventral margin; this setal pad is only weakly developed in E. atra, and is composed of paler golden setae.</p><p>Ecological notes. Enithares insularis is apparently endemic to the D’Entrecasteaux Islands, lying to the northeast of the Papuan Peninsula (Fig. 55). The species has been taken from rocky upland streams on Goodenough, Fergusson and Normanby islands. Based on current records, E. insularis appears to be confined to the D’Entrecasteaux Islands area of freshwater endemism (Area 35) as defined by D. Polhemus &amp; Allen (2007). At the Dibuwa River on Normanby Island (CL 7231) this species was taken in a ponded area along a tributary to the main river.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FE00115B6CFFC0FF38FAECFAE30872	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Polhemus, Dan A.	Polhemus, Dan A. (2020): Nine new species of Enithares (Heteroptera: Notonectidae) from New Guinea, with distributional notes on other species and an updated world checklist. Zootaxa 4772 (1): 132-182, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4772.1.5
03FE00115B6FFFC1FF38F957FE1809FE.text	03FE00115B6FFFC1FF38F957FE1809FE.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Enithares tagula Polhemus 2020	<div><p>Enithares tagula new species</p><p>(Figs. 33, 34, 38, 55)</p><p>Type material examined. Holotype, male (dissected): PAPUA NEW GUINEA, Milne Bay Prov., Louisiade Archipelago, Tagula [Sudest] <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=153.24055&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-11.364445" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 153.24055/lat -11.364445)">Island</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=153.24055&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-11.364445" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 153.24055/lat -11.364445)">Kalitau Creek</a>, 1 km. upstream from head of estuary, 0–30 m. [0–100 ft.], 11°21′52′′S, 153°14′26′′E, water temp. 24.4° C., 29 August 2002, 09:30–14:30 hrs., CL 7190, D. A. and J. T. Polhe- mus (USNM) . Paratypes: 2 males, 1 female, 1 immature, same data as holotype, CL 7190, D. A . and J. T. Polhemus (USNM, BPBM); 5 males, 2 females, Louisiade Archipelago, Tagula [Sudest] Island, small spring-fed stream near Kalitau Creek, 45 m . [150 ft.], water temp. 26° C., 29 August 2002, 10:00–12:00 hrs., 11°21′30′′S, 153°14′40′′E, CL 7192, D. A . and J. T. Polhemus (USNM, BPBM) .</p><p>Description. Male: Length 8.90 mm, width across pronotum 3.40 mm.</p><p>Coloration: Ground color dark brown to black, with scattered pale brown markings on pronotum and hemelytra (Fig. 33). Vertex and frons orange-brown, with an irregular dark brown patch at apex of head flanked by reddish; irregular dark brown, transverse, inverted V-shaped fascia present on lower frons, isolating a roughly triangular dark yellow patch above base of labrum. Pronotum yellowish-brown on anterior two-thirds between and surrounding pronotal fovea, greyish-brown along posterior margin. Scutellum dark brown to black, with central section embrowned. Hemelytra greyish-brown, with inner margins of clavus, outer base of clavus, outer and posterior corium with large, irregular tan patches; wing membrane black. Legs with coxae dark yellowish, all other segments medium brown, anterior faces of fore femora broadly suffused with black; ventral surfaces of trochanters and femora marked with dark reddish brown. Venter brown.</p><p>Structural characters: Head broadly rounded anteriorly when viewed dorsally. Head length 0.75; greatest width 2.75, equal to 0.81 pronotal width; anterior width of vertex 0.90, equal to 1.20 head length. Synthlipsis 0.60, about 0.67 anterior width of vertex and clearly shorter than pronotum. Pronotal length along midline 1.00, humeral width 3.40, lateral margins convex, posterior margin weakly sinuate. Dorsal margin of pronotal fovea directed caudad behind eyes (Fig. 33). Nodal furrow nearly straight, removed by 1.6× its length from membranal suture, length 0.50, distance to membranal suture 0.80.</p><p>Fore tibia with thick, dense pad of short golden setae along anteroventral margin, covering anterior half of ventral face of tibia. Middle trochanter rounded. Middle femur with single moderately large, elongate, sharp subapical tooth, bordered basally by about 15 small black pegs, distally by about 3 similar pegs. Hind legs typical for genus, lacking unusual modifications. Lengths of leg segments as follows: fore femur–tibia–tarsal 1–tarsal 2 = 1.10/1.20/0.60/0.30; middle femur–tibia–tarsal 1–tarsal 2 = 2.30/2.00/0.70/0.40; hind femur–tibia–tarsal 1–tarsal 2 = 3.50/3.00/1.35/0.70.</p><p>Ventral abdomen with metaxyphus triangular, slightly concave, tip acuminate.</p><p>Male genitalia when viewed laterally (Fig. 38) with ventral margin of proctiger broadly rounded, apex acute; posterior lobe of pygophore with posteroventral angle slightly obtuse, sharp, bearing a small setal tuft, posterior lobe of pygophore erect, apex truncate, posteriorly setiferous, not notched anteriorly on dorsal margin; paramere elongate, slightly tapering and curved anteriorly, posterior margin straight, apex rounded, reaching to dorsal margin of posterior lobe; lateral arm of basal plate broadly sinuate, of relatively even width throughout, apex rounded (Fig. 38); aedeagus semicircular in lateral view, with numerous transverse folds.</p><p>Female: Length 9.50, width across pronotum 3.70 mm. Similar to male in general structure and coloration, but slightly larger and more robust in form (Fig. 34).</p><p>Etymology. The name “tagula” is a noun in apposition, and refers to the type locality of Tagula Island, in the Louisiade Archipelago.</p><p>Discussion. Enithares tagula is similar in general size and coloration to E. atra from the Papuan Peninsula and E. insularis from the D’Entrecasteaux Islands, but may be differentiated by aspects of the male genitalia. The posteroventral angle of the pygophore is far more sharply defined in E. tagula than in either of the other two species (compare Figs. 17, 18, 38), and the dorsal margin of the ventral lobe of the proctiger is more transversely truncate (compare Figs. 17, 18, 38). The most pronounced difference lies in the structure of the LABP, which in E. tagula is gently sinuate in form when viewed laterally and of relatively even width throughout (Fig. 38), rather than being broadly L-shaped and with a tapering distal arm that widens slightly at the apex, as seen in E. atra and E. insularis (Figs. 17, 18). In addition to these genitalic characters, E. tagula has a broad vertex whose anterior width is greater than the length of the head when viewed dorsally, whereas in the other two species the vertex width is less than the head length.</p><p>Both E. tagula and E. insularis possess well-developed pads of thick, dense setae along the anterior margins of their fore tibiae, although these setae are darker and more promiment in E. insularis .</p><p>Ecological notes. At the Kalitau Creek type locality (CL 7190), E. tagula was taken in side pools amid bedrock along the main stream channel, and from pools along a rocky tributary. At a small, spring-fed stream nearby (CL 7192), this species was collected from scattered standing pools amid boulders in a bedrock channel.</p><p>Enithares insularis is apparently endemic to Tagula Island in the Louisiade Archipelago (Fig. 55), although it is plausible that it might also occur on the other adjacent high islands in the Louisiades such as Panatinane and Rossel. Based on current records, E. tagula occupies the Tagula Island area of freshwater endemism (Area 38) as defined by D. Polhemus &amp; Allen (2007).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FE00115B6FFFC1FF38F957FE1809FE	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Polhemus, Dan A.	Polhemus, Dan A. (2020): Nine new species of Enithares (Heteroptera: Notonectidae) from New Guinea, with distributional notes on other species and an updated world checklist. Zootaxa 4772 (1): 132-182, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4772.1.5
03FE00115B68FFC7FF38FF51FCE4096B.text	03FE00115B68FFC7FF38FF51FCE4096B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Enithares elongata Lansbury 1974	<div><p>Enithares elongata Lansbury</p><p>(Figs. 23, 24, 35, 55)</p><p>Enithares elongata Lansbury 1974: 226 .</p><p>Material examined. INDONESIA, Irian Jaya Prov. [= Papua Prov.], New Guinea: 7 males, 11 females, 1 im- mature, Cyclops Mountains, rocky stream above <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=140.51306&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-2.5405555" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 140.51306/lat -2.5405555)">Pos Tujuh</a>, NW of Sentani, 260– 300 m., 2°32′26′′S, 140°30′47′′E, water temp. 22.5 °C., 18 September 2000, 14:00–16:30 hrs., CL 7145, D. A . Polhemus (USNM, BPBM); 1 male, 2 females, small rocky stream above Sentani, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=140.51195&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-2.5413888" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 140.51195/lat -2.5413888)">Cyclops Mountains</a>, 335 m., [vic. 2°32′29′′S, 140°30′43′′E], water temp. 22° C., 25 September 1991, CL 2618, D. A . Polhemus and J. T. Polhemus (BPBM); 12 males, 6 females, Logari River and tributaries at PTFI <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=136.55556&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-3.0058334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 136.55556/lat -3.0058334)">Landing Site</a> 21, 290 m., 3°00′21′′S, 136°33′20′′E, water temp. 24° C. (main river), 7 April 1998, 09:00–14:00 hrs., and 8 April 1998, 09:00–12:00 hrs., CL 7092, D. A . Polhemus (USNM, BPBM); 13 males, 8 females, Upper Ziwa River at PTFI <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=136.57361&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-3.1447222" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 136.57361/lat -3.1447222)">Wapoga Alpha</a> drilling camp, 1050 m., 3°08′41′′S, 136°34′25′′E, water temp. 19° C., 19 April 1998, 08:00–12:00 hrs., CL 7101, D. A . Polhemus (USNM, BPBM); 1 male, 2 females, rocky rainforest tributary to upper Ziwa River at PTFI <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=136.57361&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-3.1447222" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 136.57361/lat -3.1447222)">Wapoga Alpha</a> drilling camp, 1050 m., 3°08′41′′S, 136°34′25′′E, water temp. 20° C., 18 April 1998, 10:00–17:00 hrs., and 19 April 1998, 14:00–18:00 hrs., CL 7100, D. A . Polhemus (USNM, BPBM) . PAPUA NEW GUINEA, Morobe Prov.: 1 male, Wareo [Huon Peninsula], Rev. L. Wagner, S. A . Museum specimen [probably collected in 1929] (BPBM) .</p><p>Discussion. This species was described in supplemental paper (Lansbury 1974) that appeared after Lansbury’s (1968) monograph, and occurs in north-central New Guinea, to the north of the island’s central east-west drainage divide. The very elongate, vertically oriented male paramere is diagnostic, as are the posteriorly expanded arms of the basal plate (Fig. 35).</p><p>This is the species treated in part under the concept of “ Enithares sp. undet #2′′ by D. Polhemus (2000) from sampling stations 41, 44, 47, 48, 56 and 57 in the Conservation International rapid assessment report covering surveys in the Wapoga River Basin of northern Indonesian New Guinea. The series taken from stations 41, 44, 47, 48 and 57 represented only E. elongata, while those from station 56 subsequently proved to be a mixed series containing both E. elongata and E. ziwa n. sp.</p><p>Ecological notes. Enithares elongata was abundant above Pos Tujuh (CL 7145) in the Cyclops Mountains of northern Indonesian New Guinea, occurring in pools along a very clear, steeply dropping stream occupying a mostly unshaded bed of very large boulders; this locality lay about 20 minutes walk above the World Wildlife Fund’s research station. At the Wapoga Alpha geological exploration camp of the P. T. Freeport Indonesia Corporation in the central mountains of Indonesian New Guinea (CL 7100), E. elongata was taken from a set of pools in muddy substrate below a seeping rock face, formed where a small streamlet passed across a bedrock outcrop. These pools lay immediately behind the camp, in the valley of the upper Ziwa River.</p><p>Enithares elongata occurs sporadically across a broad geographic range in drainages north of New Guinea’s central east-west drainage divide (Fig 55), and occupies at least three of the areas of New Guinea freshwater endemism defined by D. Polhemus &amp; Allen (2007): the Cyclops Mountains (Area 12), the West Papuan Central Highlands (Area 20), and the Adelbert, Finisterre and Saruwaged Mountains (Area 14).</p><p>The original type series of E. elongata was taken by Cheesman from “Mt. Nomo, S. of Bougainville, 700 ft. ”; this locality lies east of the Tami River and southwest of Mt. Bougainville at approximately 2°42′06′′S, 140°56′26′′E. The Logari River and Ziwa River records from the Wapoga River basin represent a significant westward range extension, and indicate that this species may occur in the hill country along the entire northern and southern flanks of the Mamberamo River basin. The specimen from Wareo comes from the far eastern tip of the Huon Peninsula, and similarly represents a significant eastward range extension into the part of the island generally occupied by E. atra (see discussion under that species). This latter record appears valid, however, given that the specimen was taken by the Reverend L. Wagner, who made collections in the vicinity of various Lutheran mission stations on the Huon Peninsula in 1929. His material went to the South Australian Museum, and the specimen in question has a red label attached indicating that it was formerly in that institution.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FE00115B68FFC7FF38FF51FCE4096B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Polhemus, Dan A.	Polhemus, Dan A. (2020): Nine new species of Enithares (Heteroptera: Notonectidae) from New Guinea, with distributional notes on other species and an updated world checklist. Zootaxa 4772 (1): 132-182, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4772.1.5
03FE00115B6BFFC4FF38FF51FBD70D17.text	03FE00115B6BFFC4FF38FF51FBD70D17.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Enithares digitata Lansbury 1974	<div><p>Enithares digitata Lansbury</p><p>(Fig. 55)</p><p>Enithares digitata Lansbury 1974: 226 .</p><p>Material examined. INDONESIA, West Papua Prov., Waigeo Is.: 2 males, 3 females, N. Dutch New Guinea, Waigeu [ Waigeo Island], Camp Nok, 2500 ft., iv [April] 1938, L. E. Cheesman, B. M. 1938-593 (paratypes, USNM ex. JTPC) .</p><p>Discussion. This species was described by Lansbury (1974) based on a series of 6 males and 12 females taken by L. E. Cheesman on Waigeo Island, to which the species appears to be endemic. Her collecting site at “Camp Nok” does not appear on any maps, but she noted that it lay on the western spur of the Mt. Nok massif, also known as the Buffelhorn (Cheesman 1940). No additional specimens have been collected since the type series.</p><p>The figure of the male genitalia in Lansbury (1974) clearly indicates that this species is a member of the E. atra group, with an elongate paramere and a large, distinctively shaped LABP. Enithares digitata is moderately small in size, and the short series examined shows a marked color dimorphism, with some individuals predominantly dark brown with scattered lighter brown markings on the scutellum and anterior pronotum, and other individuals entirely pale yellowish brown, without any dark markings present.</p><p>Ecological notes. Enithares digitata appears to be endemic to Waigeo Island (Fig. 55), and occupies the Waigeo area of freshwater endemism (Area 1) as defined by D. Polhemus &amp; Allen (2007).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FE00115B6BFFC4FF38FF51FBD70D17	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Polhemus, Dan A.	Polhemus, Dan A. (2020): Nine new species of Enithares (Heteroptera: Notonectidae) from New Guinea, with distributional notes on other species and an updated world checklist. Zootaxa 4772 (1): 132-182, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4772.1.5
03FE00115B6BFFCAFF38FC40FEE70CA6.text	03FE00115B6BFFCAFF38FC40FEE70CA6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Enithares bosavi Polhemus 2020	<div><p>Enithares bosavi new species</p><p>(Figs. 3, 15, 19, 63)</p><p>Type material examined. Holotype, male (dissected): PAPUA NEW GUINEA, Southern Highlands Prov., small rocky stream in primary rainforest on N. slope of <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=142.83972&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-6.5452776" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 142.83972/lat -6.5452776)">Mt. Bosavi</a>, 1250 m., 06°32′43′′S, 142°50′23′′E, water temp. 19° C., 17 March 1995, 11:00–15:00 hrs., CL 7026, D. A. Polhemus (BPBM).</p><p>Description. Male: Length 11.20 mm, width across pronotum 4.40 mm.</p><p>Coloration: Ground color dark brown (Fig. 15). Vertex creamy white; frons light brown with a pale blue patch immediately above labrum and extending upward along inner margins of eyes. Pronotum with anterior third dark brown; central section with creamy white transverse fascia traversing area between pronotal foveae; posterior half black. Scutellum dark brownish-black, somewhat more embrowned on lateral angles. Hemelytra with clavus and corium greyish hyaline appearing darker due to dorsal color showing through; wing membrane dark fumate brown. Legs yellowish brown, anterior edges of fore tibia, middle femur and hind femur narrowly margined with dark brown. Venter brown, with coxal plates tan.</p><p>Structural characters: Head broadly rounded anteriorly when viewed dorsally. Head length 1.00; greatest width 3.50, equal to 0.79 pronotal width; anterior width of vertex 1.30, equal to 1.3× head length. Synthlipsis 0.85, about 0.65 anterior width of vertex and clearly shorter than pronotum. Pronotal length along midline 1.30, humeral width 4.40, lateral margins convex, posterior margin weakly sinuate. Dorsal margin of pronotal fovea directed caudad behind eyes (Fig. 15). Nodal furrow curved weakly cephalad, removed by 2.0× its length from membranal suture, length 0.60, distance to membranal suture 1.20.</p><p>Front and hind legs typical for genus, lacking unusual modifications. Middle trochanter rounded. Middle femur with single large subapical tooth, bordered basally by about 12 small black pegs, distally by about six similar pegs. Hind femur strongly dorsoventrally flattened when viewed laterally. Lengths of leg segments as follows: fore fe-mur–tibia–tarsal 1–tarsal 2 = 2.00/2.10/0.70/0.40; middle femur–tibia–tarsal 1–tarsal 2 = 2.80/2.20/0.90/0.50; hind femur–tibia–tarsal 1–tarsal 2 = 4.50/3.60/1.80/0.80.</p><p>Ventral abdomen with metaxyphus elongate triangular, slightly concave, tip acuminate (Fig. 3).</p><p>Male genitalia when viewed laterally (Fig. 19) with proctiger angular; pygophore with posteroventral angle forming nearly a right angle bearing a prominent setal tuft, posterior lobe broad and blunt, notched on dorsal margin, posteriorly setiferous; paramere elongate, apex rounded, exceeding dorsal margin of posterior process on pygophore; lateral arm of basal plate with distal section broadly curving, apex acute; aedeagus semicircular, with numerous transverse folds.</p><p>Female: Unknown.</p><p>Etymology. The name “bosavi” represents a noun in apposition, and refers to Mt. Bosavi, an isolated volcano lying south of the central mountain ranges in a remote area of Papua New Guinea.</p><p>Discussion. The genitalic morphology of E. bosavi is similar to that of E. stylata, which has a blunt, dorsally notched posterior lobe on the pygophore (PL), an elongate paramere with a rounded apex, and tapered, curving lateral arms on the basal plate (LABP). However, the paramere in E. stylata is basically straight, versus gently curving anterad as in E. bosavi, and the LABP is far more elongate, and slightly hooked at the apex (compare Figs. 19, 37). Enithares stylata is also a larger species, with body lengths ranging from 11.75–13.00 mm, whereas the only known male of E. bosavi is 11.20 mm in length. Enithares bosavi is also similar to E. atra Brooks, which also possesses a blunt, dorsally notched (PL) and an elongate paramere with a rounded apex. The major difference between the two species lies in the shape of the LABP which is upwardly curving, tapering, and apically acute in E. bosavi, versus backwardly curving, distally expanded and apically truncate in E. atra (compare Figs. 17, 19).</p><p>Ecological notes: Enithares bosavi has to date been taken only from first order, upper elevation streams on Mt. Bosavi, an isolated volcano south of the New Guinea central ranges (Fig. 63), lying in the Papuan Gulf Foreland area of freshwater endemism (Area 25) as defined by D. Polhemus &amp; Allen (2007). The type locality was a small, rocky, heavily shaded headwater stream with cold, clear water, dropping along a moderate but steady gradient through undisturbed montane rain forest. The bed substate consisted of large, mossy rocks, with cobbles and gravel in the intervening runs. The single type specimen of E. bosavi was taken from a flowing pool near the stream’s headwaters .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FE00115B6BFFCAFF38FC40FEE70CA6	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Polhemus, Dan A.	Polhemus, Dan A. (2020): Nine new species of Enithares (Heteroptera: Notonectidae) from New Guinea, with distributional notes on other species and an updated world checklist. Zootaxa 4772 (1): 132-182, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4772.1.5
03FE00115B65FFCAFF38FCE9FEC9094F.text	03FE00115B65FFCAFF38FCE9FEC9094F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Enithares megalops Lansbury 1968	<div><p>Enithares megalops Lansbury</p><p>(Figs. 41, 42, 49, 66)</p><p>Enithares megalops Lansbury 1968: 405 .</p><p>Material examined. INDONESIA, Irian Jaya Prov. [Papua Prov.], New Guinea: 1 male, NW New Guinea, Vogelkop, Fak Fak [Fakfak], 100–700 m., 3 June 1959, J. L. Gressitt (holotype, BPBM); 15 males, 14 females, swamp forest pond S. of Walio oil field, nr. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=131.08943&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-1.4216666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 131.08943/lat -1.4216666)">Kasim</a>, 7 m., 1°25′18′′S, 131°05′22′′E, water temp. 30° C., 29 Sep- tember 1991 CL 2620, D. A . Polhemus &amp; J. T. Polhemus (BPBM); 1 male, pools in muddy lowland rain forest streambed, 28 km. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=131.23639&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-1.2547222" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 131.23639/lat -1.2547222)">NE of Kasim</a> on pipeline road, 15 m., 1°15′17′′S, 131°14′11′′E, 2 October 1991, CL 2630, D. A . Polhemus &amp; J. T. Polhemus (BPBM); 3 males, 4 females, Batuputih River nr. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=133.74861&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-3.6422222" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 133.74861/lat -3.6422222)">Krooy</a>, 3 km. NW of Kaimana, 30 m., 3°38′32′′S, 133°44′55′′E, water temp. 26° C., 12 October 1991, CL 2639, D. A . Polhemus &amp; J. T. Polhemus (USNM, BPBM) .</p><p>Discussion. Enithares megalops is a relatively small-sized species within the genus, and adults are bichromatic, with both dark and pale forms present in both sexes (Figs. 41, 42). The specimens listed above were compared to the holotype of E. megalops from Fakfak, New Guinea, housed in the Bishop Museum. The genital capsule of the holotype, along with certain leg segments, is stored dry in a vial below the specimen, sealed with a deteriorating cork stopper. The capsule was carefully removed and examined under glycerin immersion. The shapes of the proctiger and the posterior lobe of the pygophore are still easily ascertained, but the LABP and aedeagus are not evident. These latter structures were evaluated by comparison to a specimen of E. megalops taken by the author at the Kopi oil camp, near the head of the Kikori River delta in southern Papua New Guinea, the genitalia of which are a close match for those of the holotype. Enithares megalops may be separated from E. paramegalops by its short, nearly globular male paramere, versus the longer, finger-like paramere present in the latter species (compare Figs. 49, 50). This difference is very evident once a sufficient number of specimens have been examined.</p><p>Ecological notes. The holotype of this species came from Fakfak, on the Bomberai Peninsula, with paratypes from “Bomberi′′ (the Bomberai Peninsula once again) and Ambon. New records herein extend the distribution into the adjacent southern Vogelkop Peninsula, the Lengguru Fold Belt of the “Bird’s Neck” in far western New Guinea, and to the island of Obi, in the northern Moluccas (Fig. 66). On New Guinea, this species has a distributional pattern similar to that of E. bakeri, being confined to the Vogelkop Peninsula, and occupying the Vogelkop Lowlands and Vogelkop Anticlines areas of freshwater endemism (Areas 4 and 6) as defined by D. Polhemus &amp; Allen (2007) .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FE00115B65FFCAFF38FCE9FEC9094F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Polhemus, Dan A.	Polhemus, Dan A. (2020): Nine new species of Enithares (Heteroptera: Notonectidae) from New Guinea, with distributional notes on other species and an updated world checklist. Zootaxa 4772 (1): 132-182, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4772.1.5
03FE00115B64FFCBFF38FF51FA950B73.text	03FE00115B64FFCBFF38FF51FA950B73.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Enithares paramegalops Lansbury 1968	<div><p>Enithares paramegalops Lansbury</p><p>(Figs. 43, 44, 50, 66)</p><p>Enithares paramegalops Lansbury 1968: 406 .</p><p>Material examined. PAPUA NEW GUINEA, Gulf Prov.: 13 males, 23 females, roadside ponds in lowland forest, 2 km. S. of Kopi oil camp, 20 m., 7°19′21′′S, 144°10′52′′E, water temp. 24° C., 27 February 1995, 15:00–1800 hrs., CL 7000, D. A . Polhemus (BPBM) . INDONESIA, Sulawesi Tengah Prov.: 1 male, 1 female (BPBM), Kab. Donggala, Kec. Biromaru, small stream in sandy bed SE of Oloboju, 19 km. SE of <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=119.9275&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-0.8863889" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 119.9275/lat -0.8863889)">Palu</a>, 220 m., vic. 0°53′11′′S, 119°55′39′′E, 10 October 1985, CL 2162, J. T. and D. A . Polhemus (USNM, BPBM). Maluku Prov.: 2 males, 2 females , Ambon, Kab. Maluku Tengah, Kec. Baguala, Wairea River, nr. Wairea, 0– 100 m., 4 October 1985, CL 2153, J. T. and D. A . Polhemus (USNM, BPBM). Additional material examined (identification provisional) : INDONESIA, Maluku Utara Prov., Obi Is.: 2 females, Jikodolong, 3–4 August 1981, A . C. Messer (USNM); 2 females, 12 km. SW of Jikodolong, on logging road, 5 August 1981, A . C. Messer (USNM) .</p><p>Discussion. The male holotype of E. paramegalops from Itouda, in the Paniai Lakes region of western New Guinea, is housed in the Bishop Museum and was examined in the course of this study. As with the holotype of E. megalops, the genital capsule and certain leg segments had been stored dry in a vial below the specimen. The capsule was again carefully removed and examined under glycerin immersion. The shapes of the proctiger, the PL, and the LABP are still evident, whereas the aedeagus has suffered significant distortion upon drying. The genitalic structures of the male at hand from Celebes are a close match for those of the holotype. Nieser &amp; Chen (1996) noted that “It is possible that E. paramegalops will turn out to be a synonym of E. megalops but more specimens, especially some longer series collected at the same locality are needed to solve this problem.′′ Based on the cur- rent set of specimens in hand, the male paramere shape, which is short and rotund in E. megalops versus slightly longer and more distally tapering in E. paramegalops (compare Figs. 49, 50), is sufficient to separate these two species. The shape of the apex of the PL is by contrast somewhat variable, although generally more angular in E. paramegalops .</p><p>Ecological notes. Enithares paramegalops is a widespread species that was originally described from specimens taken in the Wissel Lakes area near Enarotali, in Indonesian New Guinea. The species was later recorded from the Luwuk Peninsula of Celebes, and from the island of Bacan in the northern Moluccas by Nieser &amp; Chen (1996). Another record from central Celebes can now be added, as well as a new record for the island of Ambon, in the central Moluccas, and a record from southern coastal Papua New Guinea, which extends the species’ range considerably to the east. The two Celebes specimens were intermixed in a much larger series of E. producta, illustrating how both E. megalops and E. paramegalops seem to be taken in much smaller numbers than other syntopic Enithares species. The series from Papua New Guinea (Fig. 66), by contrast, is by far the longest ever recorded for this species</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FE00115B64FFCBFF38FF51FA950B73	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Polhemus, Dan A.	Polhemus, Dan A. (2020): Nine new species of Enithares (Heteroptera: Notonectidae) from New Guinea, with distributional notes on other species and an updated world checklist. Zootaxa 4772 (1): 132-182, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4772.1.5
03FE00115B64FFC8FF38FA6CFED709D7.text	03FE00115B64FFC8FF38FA6CFED709D7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Enithares arfak Polhemus 2020	<div><p>Enithares arfak new species</p><p>(Figs. 2, 47, 48, 51, 66)</p><p>Type material examined. Holotype, male (dissected): INDONESIA, Irian Jaya Prov. [Papua Prov.], New Guin- ea, Mupi River above <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=134.08444&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-1.1116667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 134.08444/lat -1.1116667)">Warkomi</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=134.08444&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-1.1116667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 134.08444/lat -1.1116667)">Arfak Mountains</a>, 38 km. S. of <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=134.08444&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-1.1116667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 134.08444/lat -1.1116667)">Manokwari</a>, 150 m., 18 October 1991, 01°06′42′′S, 134°05′04′′E, CL 2646, D. A. Polhemus and J. T. Polhemus (BPBM) . Paratypes: INDONESIA, Irian Jaya Prov. [Papua Prov.], New Guinea: 9 males (1 dissected), 7 females, same data as holotype (USNM); 2 males (1 dis- sected), 5 females, small rocky stream at Aimasi Hulu, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=133.79417&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-0.9113889" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 133.79417/lat -0.9113889)">Arfak Mountains</a>, 65 km. SW of Manokwari, 140 m., 0°54′41′′S, 133°47′39′′E, water temp. 25° C., 19 October 1991, CL 2649, D. A . Polhemus and J. T. Polhemus (BPBM, USNM, LIPI) . Other material examined (not paratypes): 5 females, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=133.88777&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-0.9586111" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 133.88777/lat -0.9586111)">Prafi River</a> at Warmari, 48 km SW of Manokwari, Arfak Mtns., 215 m, 0°57′31′′S, 133°53′16′′E, water temp. 26.5° C., CL 2652, 19 October 1991, J. T. &amp; D. A . Polhemus (BPBM) .</p><p>Description. Male: Length 8.50 mm, width across pronotum 3.10 mm.</p><p>Coloration: Ground color brown to blackish, with varying extent of pale marking on scutellum and hemelytra (Fig. 47). Vertex and frons creamy white to yellowish; frons bearing a pair (1+1) of small roughly circular brown patches near anterior apex, and another roughly triangular brown patch above base of labrum; lower section of frons adjacent to labrum sometimes suffused with pale blue; labrum dark brown, sometimes dark yellow centrally. Pronotum with anterior half between pronotal foveae creamy white to tan; posterior half brown to black; propleura creamy white. Scutellum creamy yellowish-white, suffused to varying degrees with dark brown to black at anterolateral angles and centrally. Hemelytra brown to black, with outer half of clavus, outer half of corium, and sometimes inner margin of clavus bordering scutellum white; wing membrane uniform fumate brown, translucent. Legs yellowish brown, anterior edges of all femora margined with dark brown to black. Venter brown, with coxal plates greyish.</p><p>Structural characters: Head broadly rounded anteriorly when viewed dorsally. Head length 1.10; greatest width 2.50, equal to 0.80 pronotal width; anterior width of vertex 0.70, equal to 0.63× head length. Synthlipsis 0.50, about 0.71 anterior width of vertex and clearly shorter than pronotum. Pronotal length along midline 0.95, humeral width 3.10, lateral margins convex, posterior margin weakly sinuate. Dorsal margin of pronotal fovea directed caudad behind eyes (Fig. 47). Nodal furrow curved weakly cephalad, removed about 2.0× its length from membranal suture, length 0.50, distance to membranal suture 0.90.</p><p>Front and hind legs typical for genus, lacking unusual modifications. Middle trochanter rounded. Middle femur with single large subapical tooth, bordered basally by about 12 small black pegs, distally by about 4 similar pegs. Lengths of leg segments as follows: fore femur–tibia–tarsal 1–tarsal 2 = 1.60/1.50/0.50/0.25; middle fe-mur–tibia–tarsal 1–tarsal 2 = 1.90/1.65/0.55/0.50; hind femur–tibia–tarsal 1–tarsal 2 = 3.00/2.50/1.10/0.80.</p><p>Ventral abdomen with metaxyphus triangular, slightly concave, tip acute (Fig. 2).</p><p>Male genitalia when viewed laterally (Fig. 51) with proctiger truncate; posterior lobe of pygophore with posteroventral angle obtuse, bearing a prominent setal tuft, lobe of proctiger erect, posteriorly setiferous, apex broadly rounded, not notched on dorsal margin; paramere small, subovate, not even reaching half distance to apex of posterior lobe; lateral arm of basal plate strongly bent, roughly L-shaped, dorsal margin broadly curving, apex turned slightly upward; aedeagus semicircular, with numerous transverse folds, bearing serrate row of dark teeth along ventral margin.</p><p>Female: Length 8.20 mm.; width across pronotum 3.00 mm. Similar to male in general structure and coloration, but with pale coloration on pronotum, scutellum and hemelytra more extensive (Fig. 48).</p><p>Etymology. The name “arfak” is a noun in apposition, and refers to the Arfak Mountains type locality in far northwestern New Guinea.</p><p>Discussion. Enithares arfak n. sp., E. kasim n. sp., E. megalops Lansbury and E. paramegalops Lansbury appear to be a closely knit group of sister species, all of which share certain common male genitalic character states, including a highly reduced paramere; a rounded or angular apex on the PL, without a dorsal notch; and a relatively simple morphology of the LABP, with the apex not expanded or acuminate (Figs. 49–51). The genitalic morphology of E. arfak is similar to that of E. megalops, but differs in the somewhat more broadly rounded apex of the PL, the slightly larger paramere, and the different shape of the LABP, which is more strongly bent and L-shaped in E. arfak and has the apex slightly upturned in lateral view (compare Figs. 49, 51). Enithares arfak is also a somewhat larger and stouter species, with body lengths ranging from 8.5–8.9 mm, versus 7.0– 7.7 mm in E. megalops .</p><p>Ecological notes. Enithares arfak belongs to a set of four putatively related species that have partially segregated but also partially overlapping ranges in the Vogelkop Peninsula of western New Guinea. Within this grouping, E. paramegalops as currently interpreted has an extensive range, occurring from the Celebes eastward through the Moluccas to the Papuan Gulf lowlands of Papua New Guinea (Fig. 66). By contrast, E. arfak n. sp., E. kasim n. sp., and E. megalops Lansbury have more limited ranges in western New Guinea and the Moluccas. Enithares megalops occurs from Ambon to the Lengguru Fold Belt of the New Guinea “bird’s neck” (Fig. 66); E. kasim (Fig. 67) has been taken only at the western end of the Vogelkop; and E. arfak has so far been collected only in the Arfak Mountains of the eastern Vogelkop (Fig. 66). These patterns of putative endemism, though intriguing, should be considered provisional, however, since too little collecting has been done to establish the precise geographic ranges of these species with any confidence. Based on current records, however, E. arfak appears confined to the Vogelkop Highlands areas of freshwater endemism (Area 5) as defined by D. Polhemus &amp; Allen (2007).</p><p>The Mupi River at the type locality was a fast, clear, powerful river coming out of the Arfak Mountains through a bed of boulders, rocks and gravel. The stream is known to the local people for its cold waters. The heavily scoured main channel was relatively poor habitat for aquatic Heteroptera, but quiet, spring-fed side channels harbored a variety of species, including Enithares arfak . This species was also taken deeper into the Arfak Mountains from a small, clear stream issuing from primary rain forest adjacent to oil palm plantations at Aimasi Hulu. The habitat at this latter site consisted of shaded pools and small riffles in a bed of rocks and sand, with water depth of 18–45 cm.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FE00115B64FFC8FF38FA6CFED709D7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Polhemus, Dan A.	Polhemus, Dan A. (2020): Nine new species of Enithares (Heteroptera: Notonectidae) from New Guinea, with distributional notes on other species and an updated world checklist. Zootaxa 4772 (1): 132-182, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4772.1.5
03FE00115B61FFCEFF38FF51FEA5099A.text	03FE00115B61FFCEFF38FF51FEA5099A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Enithares kasim Polhemus 2020	<div><p>Enithares kasim new species</p><p>(Figs. 5, 45, 46, 52, 67)</p><p>Type material examined. Holotype, male (dissected): INDONESIA, Irian Jaya Prov. [Papua Prov.], <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=131.23639&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-1.2547222" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 131.23639/lat -1.2547222)">New</a> Guinea, pools in muddy lowland rain forest streambed, 28 km. NE of Kasim on pipeline road, 15 m., 2 October 1991, 01°15′17′′S, 131°14′11′′E, CL 2630, D. A. Polhemus and J. T. Polhemus (BPBM) . Paratypes: INDONESIA, Irian Jaya Prov. [Papua Prov.]: 1 male, 5 females, same data as holotype CL 2630, D. A . Polhemus and J. T. Polhemus (USNM, BPBM) .</p><p>Description. Male: Length 8.90 mm, width across pronotum 3.20 mm.</p><p>Coloration: Ground color dark brown (Fig. 45). Vertex and frons creamy white, with diffuse brown centrally at anterior apex of frons. Pronotum with anterior half creamy white, posterior half dark brown. Scutellum dark brownish centrally, transitioning to yellowish-brown along lateral margins. Hemelytra hyaline, with clavus and corium bluish-grey, longitudinally suffused with black along claval suture, inner portion of corium bordering clavus, and along embolium, overall hemelytral coloration appearing darker due to dorsal abdominal color showing through; wing membrane dark fumate brown. Legs yellowish brown, fore and middle tibiae darkened distally, anterior edge of hind femur narrowly margined with dark brown. Venter brown, with coxal plates tan.</p><p>Structural characters: Head broadly rounded anteriorly when viewed dorsally. Head length 0.95; greatest width 2.55, equal to 0.79 pronotal width; anterior width of vertex 0.80, equal to 0.89× head length. Synthlipsis 0.50, about 0.62 anterior width of vertex and clearly shorter than pronotum. Pronotal length along midline 1.10, humeral width 3.20, lateral margins nearly straight, posterior margin weakly sinuate. Dorsal margin of pronotal fovea directed caudad behind eyes (Fig. 45). Nodal furrow curved weakly cephalad, removed by 2.0× its length from membranal suture, length 0.50, distance to membranal suture 1.00.</p><p>Front and hind legs typical for genus, lacking unusual modifications. Middle trochanter angular. Middle femur with sharp subapical tooth bearing a sloping shoulder distally with 3 small, black, peg-like teeth. Lengths of leg segments as follows: fore femur–tibia–tarsal 1–tarsal 2 = 1.35/1.35/0.55/0.30; middle femur–tibia–tarsal 1–tarsal 2 = 2.00/1.70/0.60/0.40; hind femur–tibia–tarsal 1–tarsal 2 = 3.10/2.70/1.10/0.80.</p><p>Ventral abdomen with metaxyphus triangular, slightly concave, tip acuminate (Fig. 5).</p><p>Male genitalia when viewed laterally (Fig. 52) with proctiger angular; pygophore with posteroventral angle forming nearly a right angle bearing a prominent setal tuft, posterior lobe broadly curved along posterior margin, dorsal margin truncate, angled slightly anterad; paramere small, crescent-shaped, reaching only halfway to apex of posterior lobe; lateral arm of basal plate broadly expanded distally, dorsal apex nearly straight; aedeagus semicircular, with numerous transverse folds.</p><p>Female: Length 8.0 mm., width across pronotum 3.20 mm. Similar to male in general structure and coloration, with following exceptions: general coloration yellowish-brown (Fig. 46); upper frons with a pair (1+1) of prominent, longitudinally ovate reddish spots to either side of midline.</p><p>Etymology. The name “kasim” is a noun in apposition, and refers to the type locality at Kasim, near the furthest western point on the island of New Guinea.</p><p>Discussion. Enithares kasim is similar in certain respects to E. megalops, but is slightly larger and stouter in overall form. The male genitalia will also readily separate the two species. The paramere of E. megalops is nearly vestigial, being represented by a small, rounded nub, whereas the paramere of E. kasim is somewhat larger, more obvious, and crescent-shaped (compare Figs. 49, 52). The PL of E. megalops takes the form of a broadly rounded triangle, whereas that of E. kasim it is bent anteriorly, with a truncate apex (compare Figs. 49, 52). Finally, the LABP of E. megalops is gently curved and slightly tapering, with a blunt apex, whereas the LABP in E. kasim is broadly expanded distally, with a relatively straight dorsal margin leading to a broadly rounded apex (compare Figs. 49, 52). The mesotrochanter of E. kasim is also more angular than that of E. megalops .</p><p>Ecological notes. E. kasim is presently known only from the extreme western portion of the Vogelkop Peninsula (Fig. 67), occupying the Vogelkop Lowlands area of freshwater endemism (Areas 4) as defined by D. Polhemus &amp; Allen (2007). The type locality was a shaded streambed in lowland swamp forest, with scattered pools connected by hyporheic flow. Collections were made in the dry season, when the water is low and aquatic biota concentrates in such remnant pools; during the wet season the channel would be filled, representing a continuous and far more extensive habitat.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FE00115B61FFCEFF38FF51FEA5099A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Polhemus, Dan A.	Polhemus, Dan A. (2020): Nine new species of Enithares (Heteroptera: Notonectidae) from New Guinea, with distributional notes on other species and an updated world checklist. Zootaxa 4772 (1): 132-182, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4772.1.5
03FE00115B60FFCFFF38FF51FB0E0BBA.text	03FE00115B60FFCFFF38FF51FB0E0BBA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Enithares nigra Lansbury 1968	<div><p>Enithares nigra Lansbury</p><p>(Figs. 53, 60, 61, 67)</p><p>Enithares nigra Lansbury 1968: 395 .</p><p>Material examined. INDONESIA, Irian Jaya Prov. [Papua Prov.], New Guinea: 1 male, NW New Guinea, Wis- selmeren, Itouda [Itodah Lake, upper Elegeoboe River, 3°57′28′′S, 135°56′39′′E], Kamo Valley, 13 August 1955, J. L. Gressitt (holotype, BPBM); 6 males, 5 females, small rocky forest stream below PTFI <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=134.99583&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-3.9691668" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 134.99583/lat -3.9691668)">Etna Bravo</a> drill camp, 580 m, 3°58′09′′S, 134°59′45′′E, water temp. 23° C., 30 March 1997, 10:00–12:00 hrs., CL 7081, D. A . Polhemus and J. T. Polhemus (USNM); 9 males (1 dissected), 23 females, 7 immatures, upper Kali Mati River, 10 km. N. of <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=132.3&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-2.8805556" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 132.3/lat -2.8805556)">Fak Fak</a>, 275 m., 2°52′50′′S, 132°18′00′′E, water temp. 23° C., 10 October 1991, CL 2633, D. A . Polhemus &amp; J. T. Polhemus (USNM, BPBM); 1 male (teneral), Mupi River above Warkomi, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=134.08444&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-1.1116667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 134.08444/lat -1.1116667)">Arfak Mountains</a>, 38 km. S. of <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=134.08444&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-1.1116667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 134.08444/lat -1.1116667)">Manokwari</a>, 150 m., 18 October 1991, 01°06′42′′S, 134°05′04′′E, CL 2646, D. A . Polhemus and J. T. Polhemus (BPBM) . PAPUA NEW GUINEA, Southern Highlands Prov.: 7 females, imponded roadside stream in forest at <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=143.23221&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-6.365" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 143.23221/lat -6.365)">Moro</a> oil camp, 840 m., 06°21′54′′S, 143°13′56′′E, water temp. 25° C., 14 March 1995, 16:00–17:00 hrs.; 24 March 1995, 14:00–15:00 hrs., CL 7024, D. A . Polhemus (BPBM); 1 female, rocky stream at Ludesa Mission, N. of <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=142.84193&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-6.465833" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 142.84193/lat -6.465833)">Mt. Bosavi</a>, 700 m., 06°27′57′′S, 142°50′31′′E, water temp. 23° C., 20 March 1995, 12:30–14:30 hrs., CL 7029, D. A . Polhemus (BPBM) .</p><p>Discussion. The author has examined the holotype of this species, which is housed in the Bishop Museum. The dorsally bidentate PL of the pygophore (Fig. 53) and the set of fine transverse ridges across the ventral surfaces of the two most anterior connexival segments in both sexes are diagnostic. The latter structures are suggestive of a component of a stridulatory mechanism, but this function has not been demonstrated. Although currently placed for taxonomic utility in the megalops group, this species may eventually prove to have different phylogenetic affinities when a more rigorous analysis is undertaken.</p><p>Ecological notes. Enithares nigra has a relatively broad geographic range within New Guinea, but is encountered only sporadically, in both lotic and lentic habitats. At the Ludesa Mission (CL 7029) near Mt. Bosavi in southwestern Papua New Guinea, E. nigra was taken from a fairly fast stream immediately west of the mission, flowing through a rocky, open channel with approximately 20–40 percent shading, and pools 1–2 m deep. The water was slightly turbid due to recent rains, although the local people indicated that the stream often ran clear.</p><p>The range of E. nigra is now known to extend eastward from the Vogelkop Peninsula along the southern side of New Guinea through the Bomberai Peninsula and Lengguru Fold Belt to at least the Kikori River basin of Papua New Guinea (Fig. 67), occupying the Vogelkop Lowlands, Vogelkop Highlands, Vogelkop Anticlines and Papuan Gulf Foreland areas of freshwater endemism (Areas 4, 5, 6 and 25) as defined by D. Polhemus &amp; Allen (2007). Surprisingly, it has not yet been taken in the Ajkwa River basin in the vicinity of Timika, in intervening southern Indonesian New Guinea, despite a set of intensive aquatic surveys in that area (D. Polhemus &amp; J. Polhemus 2000).</p><p>The notation “Itouda′′ on the holotype locality label refers to <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=135.94417&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-3.9577777" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 135.94417/lat -3.9577777)">Itodah Lake</a>, lying at 3°57′28′′S, 135°56′39′′E, along the upper Elegeoboe River approximately 48 km west of Enarotali, at an elevation of 1550 m .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FE00115B60FFCFFF38FF51FB0E0BBA	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Polhemus, Dan A.	Polhemus, Dan A. (2020): Nine new species of Enithares (Heteroptera: Notonectidae) from New Guinea, with distributional notes on other species and an updated world checklist. Zootaxa 4772 (1): 132-182, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4772.1.5
03FE00115B60FFCCFF38FA24FE180FF2.text	03FE00115B60FFCCFF38FA24FE180FF2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Enithares vulgaris Lansbury in Nieser & Chen 1991	<div><p>Enithares vulgaris Lansbury</p><p>(Figs. 54, 58, 59, 67)</p><p>Enithares vulgaris Lansbury 1968: 403 .</p><p>Material examined. INDONESIA, Irian Jaya Prov. [Papua Prov.], Biak Is.: 3 males, 3 females, Biak Is., Aiyin- dor River (trib. to Wari), 135 m., 0°52′49′′S, 135°58′59′E, water temp. 25° C., 12 January 1997, 15:45–16:30 hrs., CL 7039, D. A . Polhemus (USNM, BPBM); 43 males, 22 females, 9 immatures, Wafor River, N. of <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=136.05194&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-0.9658333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 136.05194/lat -0.9658333)">Biak</a>, 30 m., 0°57′57′′S, 136°03′07′′E, water temp. 25° C., 16 October 1991, CL 2643, D. A . Polhemus &amp; J. T. Polhemus (USNM, BPBM) .</p><p>Discussion. Enithares vulgaris may be recognized by its small, almost triangular paramere (Fig. 54), the apically rounded PL (Fig. 54), the numerous small black spinules on the posterior margin of the proctiger (Fig. 54), and the shape of the LABP, which is broadly crescentic with a slightly produced and truncate apex (Fig. 54). The species is also strongly bichromatic, with predominantly pale and predominantly dark individuals intermixed in the same populations (Figs. 58, 59).</p><p>Ecological notes. This species is apparently endemic to the limestone island of Biak, lying off the northwestern coast of New Guinea (Fig. 67), and was previously known only from the type series collected there by J. L. Gressitt and T. C. Maa in 1959. Further surveys on Biak in the 1990s by the author and J. T. Polhemus determined that this species is locally abundant where encountered, as demonstrated by the series of 74 specimens taken at the Wafor River. Enithares vulgaris was also recorded from Celebes by Nieser &amp; Chen (1991), but these authors subsequently conceded that this identification was in error (Nieser &amp; Chen 1996), thus the species still appears to be a Biak endemic, although it probably also occurs on the closely adjacent island of Supiori as well. Based on our current understanding, this species is thus confined to the Biak-Supiori area of freshwater endemism (Area 8) as defined by D. Polhemus &amp; Allen (2007).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FE00115B60FFCCFF38FA24FE180FF2	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Polhemus, Dan A.	Polhemus, Dan A. (2020): Nine new species of Enithares (Heteroptera: Notonectidae) from New Guinea, with distributional notes on other species and an updated world checklist. Zootaxa 4772 (1): 132-182, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4772.1.5
03FE00115B63FFCCFF38FDEDFCBC09EE.text	03FE00115B63FFCCFF38FDEDFCBC09EE.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Enithares alexis subsp. lairdi Lansbury 1968	<div><p>Enithares alexis lairdi Lansbury</p><p>(Figs. 1, 67)</p><p>Enithares alexis lairdi Lansbury 1968: 388 .</p><p>Material examined. PAPUA NEW GUINEA, East New Britain Prov.: 1 male, 175X M. L. [M. Laird], Jacquinot Bay, New Britain, 22-9-1945 (holotype of Enithares alexis lairdi, BPBM) ; 1 male, New Britain, Gazelle Pen., Upper Warangoi, 250– 600 m ., 24–30.XI.1962, J. Sedlacek (paratype of Enithares alexis alexis, BPBM) ; 1 male, New Britain, Gazelle Pen., Upper Warangoi, Illugi, 230 m ., 8–11.XII.1962, J. Sedlacek (paratype of Enithares alexis alexis, BPBM) . West New Britain Prov., New Britain: 6 males, 5 females, Nakanai Mountains, headwater tributary to Kopiura River, SW of Ubai, 310 m ., 5°45′26′′S, 150°34′50′′E, water temp. 25° C., 12 January 2005, 11:00–12:30 hrs., CL 7343, D. A . Polhemus (USNM, BPBM); 1 male, 1 female, Whiteman Range, small rocky tributary streamlet to Kulu Dagi River, SW slope of Mt. Du Faure, W. of Kimbe, 25– 40 m ., 5°37′05′′S, 150°03′57′′E, water temp. 26° C., 11 January 2005, 11:30–12:30 hrs., CL 7340, D. A . Polhemus (USNM, BPBM); 1 male, Wilaumez Peninsula, freshwater swamp behind beach at Walindi Plantation, N. of Kimbe, sea level, 5°26′25′′S, 150°05′20′′E, water temp. 26° C., 11 January 2005, 08:30–09:30 hrs., CL 7339, D. A . Polhemus (USNM, BPBM) . New Ireland Prov.: 2 females, Lihir [Island], Put Put, 30 June 1965, A . W. Sweeney (USNM ex. JTPC) .</p><p>Discussion. Lansbury (1967) described E. alexis from material taken on the Noona Dan Expedition at Lemkamin, New Ireland. He later recorded this species from New Ireland, New Britain and Manus islands (Lansbury 1968), and in this same work described the subspecies E. alexis lairdi from Jacquinot Bay, on the south coast of New Britain near Pomio. His discrimination of E. alexis lairdi was based on certain differences in the structure and chaetotaxy of the middle leg, and all of the more recently collected specimens from New Britain listed above possess character states conforming to this subspecies, with a set of large, stout spines at the distal end of the middle tarsus. This diagnosis was verified by comparison with the holotype in the Bishop Museum, the legs of which are removed and stored on a vial below the specimen, and by comparison with two male paratypes of the nominate subspecies, also in the Bishop Museum.</p><p>It is not clear whether this morphological variability in middle leg morphology truly warrants establishment of a separate taxon, given that the male genitalia of the more recent New Britain specimens listed here (Fig. 1) match closely the figures provided for the nominate subspecies by Lansbury (1968), and which Lansbury noted were identical between the two forms. It is possible that E. alexis lairdi represents one extreme in a range of intraspecific variability within populations scattered across the Bismarck and Admiralty islands, similar to the situation seen in the expression of certain similar leg characters within E. ciliata across its broad range in Southeast Asia. Given, however, that all the specimens above consistently match the description and holotype of E. alexis lairdi, that there does not seem to be any variation in the defining characters for the taxon across these 14 specimens, and that both forms appear to occur in close proximity in eastern New Britain, the subspecific designation is retained for the present.</p><p>Ecological notes. Enithares alexis is widely distributed along the island arcs that border the Bismarck Sea to the north and east (Fig. 67), but is unknown on the main island of New Guinea. At a headwater tributary to the Kopiura River in the Nakanai Mountains (CL 7343) this species was taken along the margins of a clear, smoothly flowing creek bordering newly cleared gardens. On the slopes of Mt. Du Faure, E. alexis was collected from a rocky, shaded, first-order tributary streamlet to the Kalu Dagi River (Fig. 8).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FE00115B63FFCCFF38FDEDFCBC09EE	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Polhemus, Dan A.	Polhemus, Dan A. (2020): Nine new species of Enithares (Heteroptera: Notonectidae) from New Guinea, with distributional notes on other species and an updated world checklist. Zootaxa 4772 (1): 132-182, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4772.1.5
03FE00115B5DFFF2FF38FBB6FC920942.text	03FE00115B5DFFF2FF38FBB6FC920942.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Enithares gibbera Brooks 1948	<div><p>Enithares gibbera Brooks</p><p>(Figs. 64, 65)</p><p>Enithares gibbera Brooks 1948: 51 .</p><p>Material examined. SOLOMON ISLANDS: Guadalcanal Prov.: 9 males, 8 females, Guadalcanal, Charebuma River, above Gold Ridge mine, 390– 460 m ., water temp. 23.5° C., 3 August 2005, 11:00–15:00 hrs. 9°36′00′′S, 160°07′23′′E, CL 7421, D. A. Polhemus (USNM, BPBM). <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=160.12306&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-9.6" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 160.12306/lat -9.6)">Western Prov</a>.: 1 male, 3 females, Kolombangara Is., Vila River, 8.5 km. N. of Ringgi harbor, standing pool in forest, 150 m ., 8°02′39′′S, 157°07′16′′E, water temp. 24° C., 20 March 2005, 10:00–13:00 hrs., CL 7397, D. A. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=157.12111&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-8.0441675" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 157.12111/lat -8.0441675)">Polhemus</a> (USNM, BPBM) ; 1 male, 1 female, 1 immature, Rendova Is., upper trib. to Toropi River at road crossing 5.5 km. SE of Kenole, 230– 250 m ., 8°30′30′′S, 157°18′45′′E, water temp. 26° C., 21 March 2005, 11:30–15:00 hrs. CL 7399, D. A. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=157.3125&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-8.508333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 157.3125/lat -8.508333)">Polhemus</a> (USNM, BPBM) .</p><p>Malaita Prov.: 1 female, 5 immatures, Malaita Is., Kwarea River at high bridge on road from Auki to <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=160.75917&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-8.652778" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 160.75917/lat -8.652778)">Atori</a>, 85 m., 8°39′10′′S, 160°45′33′′E, water temp. 25.5° C., 29 July 2005, 13:30–16:00 hrs., R. L. Englund (BPBM) .</p><p>Discussion. In addition to its distinctive genitalic structures (Fig. 65), E. gibbera may be easily recognized without resorting to dissection by the concave basal tarsal segment on the male foreleg (Fig. 64).</p><p>Ecological notes. This species is endemic to the Solomon Islands, and was previously recorded from the islands of Guadalcanal and Makira (Brooks 1948, Lansbury 1968). Additional records are now provided for the islands of Kolombongara, Rendova and Malaita, as well as a further record for Guadalcanal. It is likely that this species occurs on all of the large, high islands in the Solomons archipelago. A more extensive discussion of the sites at which this species was collected can be found in D. Polhemus et al. (2008).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FE00115B5DFFF2FF38FBB6FC920942	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Polhemus, Dan A.	Polhemus, Dan A. (2020): Nine new species of Enithares (Heteroptera: Notonectidae) from New Guinea, with distributional notes on other species and an updated world checklist. Zootaxa 4772 (1): 132-182, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4772.1.5
03FE00115B5CFFF3FF38FF29FE5C09A3.text	03FE00115B5CFFF3FF38FF29FE5C09A3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Enithares bakeri Brooks 1948	<div><p>Enithares bakeri Brooks</p><p>(Figs. 39, 56, 57, 63)</p><p>Enithares bakeri Brooks 1948 . J. Kansas Entomol. Soc., 21: 40, fig. 3. Holotype, male, Philippines, Mindanao, Surigao, in USNM.</p><p>Enithares bakeri, Lansbury 1968 . Pac. Ins., 10: 384–385, figs. 91–95. Redescription, distribution.</p><p>Enithares bakeri, Nieser &amp; Chen 1991 . Tijdschr. Entomol., 134: 59. Distribution.</p><p>Material examined. INDONESIA, Irian Jaya Prov. [Papua Prov.], New Guinea: 1 male, swamp forest pond S. of Walio oil field, nr. Kasim, 7 m ., [1°25′18′′S, 131°05′22′′E], water temp. 30° C., 29 September 1991, CL 2620, D. A . Polhemus and J. T. Polhemus (BPBM); 1 female, artificial pond 3 km. E. of Klagalo River at old Klagagi oil field, SE of Sorong, 80 m ., [0°55′14′′S, 131°25′23′′E], water temp. 28.5° C., 1 Oct. 1991, CL 2625, D. A . Polhemus and J. T. Polhemus (BPBM); 3 males, 4 females, artificial pond at old Klagana oil well drill site, SE of Sorong, 300 m ., [0°57′26′′S, 131°25′44′′E], water temp. 29° C., 1 Oct. 1991, CL 2629, D. A . Polhemus and J. T. Polhemus (BPBM); 1 male, Aimasi River, 60 km. SW of Manokwari, 90 m ., [0°53′36′′S, 133°51′18′′E], water temp. 26.5° C., 19 Octo- ber 1991, CL 2651, D. A . Polhemus and J. T. Polhemus (BPBM) . Maluku Utara Prov.: 1 male, Obi Is., 12 km. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=127.49777&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-1.5180556" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 127.49777/lat -1.5180556)">SW of Jikodolong</a>, on logging road, [~ 225 m., vic. 1°31′05′′S, 127°29′52′′E], 5 August 1981, A . C. Messer (USNM); 3 males (1 dissected), 2 females, Halmahera Is., <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=128.34944&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-1.4638889" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 128.34944/lat -1.4638889)">Wasile District</a>, Kampung Labi-Labi, [~ 50 m., vic. 1°27′50′′S, 128°20′58′′E], 27 March 1981, A . C. Messer and P. M. Taylor (USNM, BPBM); 6 males, 10 females, Morotai Is., Sabatai Tua, 17 km. N. of Daruba, [~ 20 m., vic. 2°03′35′′S, 128°24′08′′E], 2 September 1981, A . C. Messer (USNM, BPBM) . Sulawesi Selatan Prov.: 1 male, 1 female, Kab. Maros, Kec. Camba, Marana River nr. Laiya, 50 km. E. of Maros, 450 m ., 14 October 1985, [vic. 5°02′54′′S, 119°46′56′′E], 14 October 1985, CL 2167, D. A . Polhemus &amp; J. T. Polhemus (USNM, BPBM) . Sulawesi Tengah Prov.: 1 male, 1 female, pond 1 km. SE of Kamarora, Lore Lindu National Park, [~ 670 m., vic. 1°11′28′′S, 120°10′10′′E], 8 October 1985, CL 2158, D. A . Polhemus &amp; J. T. Polhemus (USNM, BPBM) . Nusa Tenggara Barat Prov.: 1 male, 1 female, Flores, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=120.56056&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-8.640555" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 120.56056/lat -8.640555)">Lake Rene Mese</a>, 21.5 km. SE of Ruteng on Mborong road, 1225 m., [8°38′26′′S, 120°33′38′′E], 23 October 1985, CL 2178, D. A . Polhemus &amp; J. T. Polhemus (USNM, BPBM); 1 male, 1 female, Lombok, Aik Jut River, 1 km. N. of Sesaot, 30 km. NE of Mataram, 150 m ., [8°38′26′′S, 120°33′38′′E], 25 October 1985, CL 2183, D. A . Polhemus &amp; J. T. Polhemus (USNM, BPBM) .</p><p>Nusa Tenggara Timur Prov., Timor: 1 male, upland marsh and spring at Oelki, 5 km. W. of Niki Niki, 840 m., [9°50′28′′S, 124°26′58′′E], water temp. 25° C. (marsh), 23° C. (spring), 12 Sept. 1991, CL 2595, D. A . Polhemus and J. T. Polhemus (BPBM). EAST TIMOR, Lautem Dist.: 1 male, Tchino River at bridge, 10.5 km. S. of <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=126.99444&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-8.588888" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 126.99444/lat -8.588888)">Lospalos on Iliapa</a> road, 105 m., 8°35′20′′S, 126°59′40′′E, water temp. 29 °C., 20 November 2003, 08:30–11:00 hrs., CL 7277, D. A . Polhemus (USNM, BPBM) .</p><p>Discussion. The illustrations in Lansbury (1968) do not adequately depict the set of stout, spine-like setae at the apex of the PL in E. bakeri, which are a good spot character for the species (Fig. 39). In addition, this species has a row of small but evident black spines on the posterior margin of the hind trochanter that are also helpful in diagnosis and serve to distinguish it from E. loria, E. megalops, and E. paramegalops, which lack such spines but are of similar body sizes, and possess geographic distributions that are overlapped by the broad range of E. bakeri .</p><p>Ecological notes. This is perhaps the most widespread of any Enithares species occurring on the islands of Southeast Asia. It was originally described from Mindanao, with additional records from Celebes and Borneo (Lansbury 1968, Nieser &amp; Chen 1996). Subsequent collections have shown that the species is widespread in the Philippines, occurring on Mindoro, Marinduque, Negros, Siquijor, Biliran, and in the Camotes Group (Zettel 2003). The records presented here appear to be the first for New Guinea, Lombok, Flores, Timor, Halmahera and Obi islands, and extend the range of this species considerably to the south and east (Fig. 63). Within the island of New Guinea itself, this species appears on the basis of present records to be confined to the Vogelkop Peninsula, occurring in both the Vogelkop Lowlands and Vogelkop Highlands areas of freshwater endemism (Areas 4 and 5) as defined by D. Polhemus &amp; Allen (2007). Further to the east, in the main body of New Guinea, it appears to be replaced by E. loria in similar habitats.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FE00115B5CFFF3FF38FF29FE5C09A3	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Polhemus, Dan A.	Polhemus, Dan A. (2020): Nine new species of Enithares (Heteroptera: Notonectidae) from New Guinea, with distributional notes on other species and an updated world checklist. Zootaxa 4772 (1): 132-182, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4772.1.5
03FE00115B5EFFF6FF38FB80FD5F0D86.text	03FE00115B5EFFF6FF38FB80FD5F0D86.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Enithares loria Brooks	<div><p>Enithares loria Brooks</p><p>(Figs. 40, 62, 63)</p><p>Enithares loria Brooks 1948: 45 .</p><p>Material examined. INDONESIA, Irian Jaya Prov. [Papua Prov.], New Guinea: 4 males, 1 female, ponds next to airstrip at PTFI <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=136.37611&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-3.0369444" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 136.37611/lat -3.0369444)">Siewa</a> exploration camp, 60 m., 3°02′13′′S, 136°22′34′′E, water temp. 28.5° C., 3 April 1998, 10:30–11:15 hrs. and 17 April 1998, 09:30–11:00 hrs., CL 7085, D. A . Polhemus (USNM, BPBM); 4 males, 2 females, 1 immature, roadside pond, 1.2 km. N. of PTFI <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=136.3689&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-3.0291667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 136.3689/lat -3.0291667)">Siewa</a> exploration camp along old logging road, 60 m., 3°01′45′′S, 136°22′08′′E, water temp. 30° C., 9 April 1998, 12:00–13:00 hrs., CL 7093, D. A . Polhemus (USNM, BPBM); 1 female, pools in sandy overflow channel branching from Tiri River (trib. to <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=138.58139&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-3.2916667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 138.58139/lat -3.2916667)">Doorman River</a>), 4.5 km. SW of Dabra, 80 m., 3°17′30′′S, 138°34′53′′E, water temp. 25 °C., 9–13 September 2000, CL 7141, D. A . Polhemus (USNM) . PAPUA NEW GUINEA, Western Prov.: 5 males, 6 females, 1 immature, Bossett’s Lagoon, 11 October 1985, K. Hortle (USNM) . SOLOMON ISLANDS, Malaita Prov.: 4 males, 3 females, 1 immature, Malaita, pond in cattle pasture, 11 km. N. of Auki on road to <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=160.68251&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-8.673056" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 160.68251/lat -8.673056)">Dala</a>, 10 m., 8°40′23′′S, 160°40′57′′E, water temp. 31° C., 31 July 2005, 13:00–14:00 hrs., CL 7414, D. A . Polhemus (USNM) . AUSTRALIA, Western Australia: 1 male, Kimberly Plateau, Drysdale River at <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=126.37889&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-15.684722" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 126.37889/lat -15.684722)">Kalumburu Road</a>, 395 m., 15°41′05′′S, 126°22′44′′E, 23 August 2004, CL 4993, D. A . Polhemus and J. T. Polhemus (USNM) .</p><p>Discussion. Enithares loria is a small species with prominent, rounded eyes (Fig. 62), and is easily recognized by the vertically produced PL of the male genitalia, which is covered with coarse spinules (Fig. 40). In comparison to E. bakeri, the PL is elongate vertically in E. loria, versus broad and stout in E. bakeri (compare Figs. 39, 40), although bearing short, stout, spine-like setae in both species. In addition, the distal portion of the LABP, although showing some clear similarities, is more elongate and finger-like in E. loria .</p><p>This is the species treated as “ Enithares sp. undet #1′′ by D. Polhemus (2000) in the Conservation International rapid assessment report covering surveys in the Wapoga River Basin of north Indonesian New Guinea. It is also the species listed by D. Polhemus (2002) as “ Enithares sp. undet.′′ in the Conservation International rapid assessment report covering surveys in the Cyclops Mountains and Mamberamo River areas of north Indonesian New Guinea.</p><p>Ecological notes. Enithares loria is a widespread but localized lowland species (Fig. 63) that was originally described from a series of 5 specimens taken by Lamberto Loria of the Genoa Museum in the Rigo district, southeast of Port Moresby, in what is now Papua New Guinea. Brooks listed additional material collected by L. E. Cheesman from Mafulu, in the Auga River basin to the northwest of Port Moresby, as well as from Australia, and Lansbury (1968) subsequently provided further records from the Solomon Islands ( Russell Island) and other areas of Australia (Queensland, Northern Territory). The collections reported here from the Siewa and Dabra areas in Indonesian New Guinea, represent a considerable range extension within that island, given that this species had not been previously known from north of the island’s high central east-west drainage divide. New records are also provided for Western Australia, and the island of Malaita in the Solomon Islands. Despite its wide range, E. loria is only sporadically encountered in the Melanesian region, indicating it may have specialized habitat requirements</p><p>At the PTFI Siewa mineral exploration camp (CL 7085) in the Wapoga River basin, located at the former site of a defunct logging operation, E. loria was taken from rain-filled borrow pits next to a graded gravel airstrip. These ponds had an average depth of ~ 1.5 m, with the margins considerably shallower, and also harbored several species of Anisops notonectids, but were devoid of fish. The author’s field notes for the Tiri River locality (CL 7141), further to the east in the Mamberamo River basin, note that: “This small-sized species was present in low numbers in the uppermost pools along sandy side channels at the Tiri River. Both immatures and adults were present, indicating that the species is breeding in these habitats. The absence of fish, and possibly current, seems to be necessary for the presence of this species.′′</p><p>On the island of Malaita, in the Solomon Islands, E. loria was taken from an artificial pond in a grassy lowland cattle pasture. As at the Siewa airstrip, the species was again in this case utilizing an anthropogenically-created habitat, and thus seems tolerant of disturbance.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FE00115B5EFFF6FF38FB80FD5F0D86	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Polhemus, Dan A.	Polhemus, Dan A. (2020): Nine new species of Enithares (Heteroptera: Notonectidae) from New Guinea, with distributional notes on other species and an updated world checklist. Zootaxa 4772 (1): 132-182, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4772.1.5
03FE00115B59FFF7FF38F941FD470CA6.text	03FE00115B59FFF7FF38F941FD470CA6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Enithares buhleri Brooks 1948	<div><p>Enithares buhleri Brooks</p><p>Enithares buhleri Brooks 1948: 43 .</p><p>Material examined. INDONESIA, Nusa Tenggara Timur Prov., Timor: 1 male, 1 immature, spring and stream at Oe Hala, 10 km. N. of <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=124.309166&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-9.803333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 124.309166/lat -9.803333)">Soe</a>, 685 m., 9°48′12′′S, 124°18′33′′E, water temp. 24° C., 11 September 1991, CL 2593, D. A . Polhemus &amp; J. T. Polhemus (BPBM); 1 male, 2 females, Kab. Timor Tengah Kidul, Kec. Polen, spring and stream at <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=124.488884&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-9.6675005" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 124.488884/lat -9.6675005)">Oe Noah</a>, nr. Polen, 23 km. NE of Soe, 840 m, vic. 9°40′03′′S, 124°29′20′′E, water temp. 21° C., 12 Sept. 1991, CL 2594, D. A . Polhemus &amp; J. T. Polhemus (BPBM); 2 males, 1 female, spring at Oe Noulle, 9 km. N. of Soe, 685 m., water temp. 25.5° C., 12 Sept. 1991, CL 2596, D. A . Polhemus &amp; J. T. Polhemus (BPBM) . EAST TIMOR,</p><p>Ainaro Dist.: 3 males, 2 females, spring in native eucalyptus forest along road to Turiscai, 4.7 km. N. of <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=125.63833&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-8.819166" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 125.63833/lat -8.819166)">Maubisse</a>, 1390 m., 8°49′09′′S, 125°38′18′′E, water temp. 19° C., 12 November 2003, 16:00–17:00 hrs. and 13 November 2003, 08:00–09:00 hrs., D. A. Polhemus (USNM); 1 male, 1 female , Ainaro Dist., <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=125.592224&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-8.8375" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 125.592224/lat -8.8375)">Saru River</a> below road, 1 km. SW of Maubisse, 1240–1285 m., 8°50′15′′S, 125°35′32′′E, water temp. 20 °C., 2 September 2004, 12:30–15:30 hrs., CL 7312, D. A. Polhemus (USNM); 1 male , Lautem Dist., Irasiquero River at gauging station, 20 km. NE of Lospalos, 305 m. , 8°28′20′′S, 127°10′08′′E, water temp. 26 °C., 19 November 2003, 09:30–12:30 hrs., CL 7276, D. A. Polhemus (USNM); 2 males, 6 females, Lautem Dist., Tchino River at bridge, 10.5 km. S. of Lospalos on Iliapa road, 105 m. , 8°35′20′′S, 126°59′40′′E, water temp. 29 °C., 20 November 2003, 08:30–11:00 hrs., CL 7277, D. A. Polhemus (USNM, BPBM);</p><p>Discussion. Enithares buhleri occurs syntopically with E. timorensis throughout the island of Timor, but in the experience of the author is generally less abundant at any given site. It may be easily separated from E. timorensis by its rounded and spatulate metaxiphus, which assists in sorting mixed series of the two taxa. It is also generally larger-sized and darker colored than E. timorensis . The typical habitat for both species is upland pools along springfed streamlets emerging from limestone bedrock.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FE00115B59FFF7FF38F941FD470CA6	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Polhemus, Dan A.	Polhemus, Dan A. (2020): Nine new species of Enithares (Heteroptera: Notonectidae) from New Guinea, with distributional notes on other species and an updated world checklist. Zootaxa 4772 (1): 132-182, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4772.1.5
03FE00115B58FFF7FF38FD11FF0F0ABC.text	03FE00115B58FFF7FF38FD11FF0F0ABC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Enithares horvathi Kirkaldy 1898	<div><p>Enithares horvathi Kirkaldy</p><p>Enithares horvathi Kirkaldy 1898: 72</p><p>Material examined. INDONESIA, Sulawesi Selatan Prov., Celebes: 2 males, 2 females, Kab. Maros, Kec. Bantimurung, Pattunuang River at Biseang Labboro recreation area, 7 km. SE of Bantimurung, 220 m . [5°03′24′′S, 119°44′49′′E], 13 October 1985, CL 2165, D. A. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=119.74694&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-5.056667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 119.74694/lat -5.056667)">Polhemus</a> &amp; J. T. Polhemus (USNM, BPBM) ; 6 males, 11 females, Kab. Maros, Kec. Camba, Marana River nr. Laiya, 50 km. E. of Maros, 450 m . [vic. 5°02′54′′S, 119°46′56′′E], 14 October 1985, CL 2167, D. A. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=119.78223&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-5.048333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 119.78223/lat -5.048333)">Polhemus</a> &amp; J. T. Polhemus (USNM, BPBM) .</p><p>Discussion. This species was originally described from specimens taken in the southwestern peninsula of Celebes, consistent with the additional records listed above, and its range extends northward from that area into the Tana Toraja region of central Celebes. It exhibits sexual dimorphism in body size, with males noticeably larger than females.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FE00115B58FFF7FF38FD11FF0F0ABC	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Polhemus, Dan A.	Polhemus, Dan A. (2020): Nine new species of Enithares (Heteroptera: Notonectidae) from New Guinea, with distributional notes on other species and an updated world checklist. Zootaxa 4772 (1): 132-182, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4772.1.5
03FE00115B58FFF7FF38FB27FDF609AD.text	03FE00115B58FFF7FF38FB27FDF609AD.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Enithares intricata Breddin 1905: 1542	<div><p>Enithares intricata Breddin</p><p>Enithares intricata Breddin 1905: 154 .</p><p>Material examined. INDONESIA, Bengkulu Prov., Sumatra: 2 males, 1 female, small rock walled reservoir 42 km. SE of Muaraaman, 850 m ., 3°21′44′′S, 102°27′40′′E, water temp. 23° C., 8 Sept. 1991, CL 2586, D. A . Polhe- mus &amp; J. T. Polhemus (USNM, BPBM) . Jawa Barat Prov., Java: 3 males (dissected), 14 females, abandoned hotel swimming pool at Cipanas, Kab. Cianjur, 1025 m. [vic. 6°42′27′′S, 107°02′02′′E], 4 November 1985, CL 2187, D. A . Polhemus &amp; J. T. Polhemus (USNM, BPBM) . Bali Prov., Bali: 12 males (1 dissected), 14 females, ornamental pool at Bedugul Botanical Garden, 1350 m., 8°16′33′′S, 115°09′07′′E, water temp. 21.5° C., 19 Sept. 1991, CL 2607, D. A . Polhemus &amp; J. T. Polhemus (USNM, BPBM) .</p><p>Additional material examined (identification provisional): INDONESIA, Sumatra, Sumatera Utara Prov.: 3 females, Kab. Simalungun, Kec. Dolok Panribuan, fast clear river in rocky bed, 14 km. NE of <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=98.96972&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-2.746389" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 98.96972/lat -2.746389)">Prapat</a>, 1085 m., [vic. 2°44′47′′S, 98°58′11′′E], 12 November 1985, CL 2196, D. A . Polhemus &amp; J. T. Polhemus (USNM) .</p><p>Discussion. Enithares intricata was originally described from western Java, with a lectotype designated from Cibodas (Lansbury 1968), which lies not far from the Cipanas locality listed above. The record from Bali appears to be the first from that island. This species seems to have a preference for lentic habitats, including ornamental ponds, small reservoirs, and abandoned swimming pools, and was not taken in the course of sampling along flowing streams on Sumatra, Java or Bali.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FE00115B58FFF7FF38FB27FDF609AD	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Polhemus, Dan A.	Polhemus, Dan A. (2020): Nine new species of Enithares (Heteroptera: Notonectidae) from New Guinea, with distributional notes on other species and an updated world checklist. Zootaxa 4772 (1): 132-182, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4772.1.5
03FE00115B5AFFF5FF38FF51FC690CCF.text	03FE00115B5AFFF5FF38FF51FC690CCF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Enithares lombokensis Lansbury 1968	<div><p>Enithares lombokensis Lansbury</p><p>Enithares lombokensis Lansbury 1968: 416</p><p>Material examined. INDONESIA, Nusa Tenggara Timur Prov.: 2 males, 3 female, Flores, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=120.56056&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-8.640555" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 120.56056/lat -8.640555)">Lake Rene Mese</a>, 21.5 km. SE of Ruteng on Mborong road, 1225 m. [8°38′26′′S, 120°33′38′′E], 25 October 1985, CL 2183, D. A . Polhemus &amp; J. T. Polhemus (USNM, BPBM); 4 males, 7 females, Flores, Wai Garit River, 6 km. W. of Ruteng, 960 m . [8°35′19′′S, 120°26′03′′E], 24 and 26 October 1985, CL 2179, D. A . Polhemus &amp; J. T. Polhemus (USNM) . 3 females, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=120.56195&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-8.621667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 120.56195/lat -8.621667)">Flores</a>, small stream with pools and shallow rocky riffles, 19 km. SE of Ruteng on Mborong road, 1500 m. [vic. 8°37′18′′S, 120°33′43′′E], 25 October 1985, CL 2182, D. A . Polhemus &amp; J. T. Polhemus (USNM) . 2 males, 1 female, Sumba, spring and stream below Waikabubak rd., 10 km. S. of Waingapu, 180 m . [9°41′03′′S, 120°12′17′′E], water temp. 28° C., 13 September 1991, CL 2597, D. A . Polhemus &amp; J. T. Polhemus (BPBM) .</p><p>Discussion. This species can be recognized by the distinctive tubercle on the male hind femur and the characteristically shaped metaxiphus, which is broad and parallel-sided with an angular apex, and was originally described from a single male specimen taken on the island of Lombok, lying immediately east of Bali (Lansbury 1968). Our new records from Flores and Sumba extend the distribution further to the east, and indicate that the species will also eventually be found to occur on the intervening island of Sumbawa.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FE00115B5AFFF5FF38FF51FC690CCF	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Polhemus, Dan A.	Polhemus, Dan A. (2020): Nine new species of Enithares (Heteroptera: Notonectidae) from New Guinea, with distributional notes on other species and an updated world checklist. Zootaxa 4772 (1): 132-182, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4772.1.5
03FE00115B5AFFF5FF38FC88FEEF09F4.text	03FE00115B5AFFF5FF38FC88FEEF09F4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Enithares producta Lansbury 1968	<div><p>Enithares producta Lansbury</p><p>(Figs. 68, 69)</p><p>Enithares producta Lansbury 1968: 368 .</p><p>Material examined. INDONESIA, Sulawesi Utara Prov., Celebes: 8 males (1 dissected), 8 females, rocky tributary to Tumpah River with waterfalls, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=123.900276&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-0.57416666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 123.900276/lat -0.57416666)">Dumoga-Bone National Park</a>, 60 km. SW of Kotamobagu, Kab. Bolaang Mongondow, Kec. Dumoga, 225 m., [vic. 0°34′27′′S, 123°54′01′′E], water temp. 23° C., 4 September 1985, CL 2101, D. A . Polhemus &amp; J. T. Polhemus (USNM, BPBM); 2 males, 2 females, Kab. Bolaang Mongondow, Pononontuna River at <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=123.96833&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-0.44083333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 123.96833/lat -0.44083333)">Tapakulintang</a>, 200 m., [vic. 0°26′27′′S, 123°58′06′′E], 12 September 1985, CL 2121, D. A . Pol- hemus &amp; J. T. Polhemus (USNM, BPBM); 1 male, Kab. Bolaang Mongondow, Kec. Dumoga, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=123.90639&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-0.56777775" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 123.90639/lat -0.56777775)">Toraut River</a> above <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=123.90639&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-0.56777775" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 123.90639/lat -0.56777775)">Toraut</a> diversion dam, 60 km. SW of Kotamobagu, 210 m., [vic. 0°34′04′′S, 123°54′23′′E], water temp. 23° C., 3–4 September 1985, CL 2099, D. A . Polhemus &amp; J. T. Polhemus (USNM, BPBM); 5 males, 5 females, Kab. Bolaang Mongondow, Kec. Modayag, forest stream S. of <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=124.471664&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-0.72416663" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 124.471664/lat -0.72416663)">Lake Mooat</a>, 1200 m., [vic. 0°43′27′′S, 124°28′18′′E], 11 Septem- ber 1985, CL 2118, D. A . Polhemus (USNM, BPBM) . Sulawesi Tengah Prov., Celebes: 20 males, 56 females, Kab. Donggala, Kec. Biromaru, small stream in sandy bed SE of Oloboju, 19 km. SE of <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=119.9275&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-0.8863889" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 119.9275/lat -0.8863889)">Palu</a>, 220 m., [vic. 0°53′11′′S, 119°55′39′′E], 10 October 1985, CL 2162, D. A . Polhemus &amp; J. T. Polhemus (USNM, BPBM); 3 males, 6 females, Kab. Donggala, Kec. Biromaru, swift cold mountain stream in <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=120.20222&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-1.2355555" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 120.20222/lat -1.2355555)">upper Palolo River</a> drainage, 10 km. SE of <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=120.20222&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-1.2355555" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 120.20222/lat -1.2355555)">Kamarora</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=120.20222&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-1.2355555" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 120.20222/lat -1.2355555)">Lore Lindu National Park</a>, 930 m., [vic. 1°14′08′′S, 120°12′08′′E], 8 October 1985, CL 2126, D. A . Polhemus &amp; J. T. Polhemus (USNM, BPBM); 4 males, 4 females, Kab. Donggala, Kec. Biromaru, swift rocky stream along <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=120.06167&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-1.1988889" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 120.06167/lat -1.1988889)">Lindu Footpath</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=120.06167&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-1.1988889" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 120.06167/lat -1.1988889)">Lore Lindu National Park</a>, 42 km. SE of Palu, 830 m., [vic. 1°11′56′′S, 120°03′42′′E], 5 October and 11 October 1985, CL 2155, D. A . Polhemus &amp; J. T. Polhemus (USNM, BPBM); 3 males, 3 females, Kab. Donggala, Taweli [Tawaili], rocky stream 9 km. E. of <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=119.93111&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-0.7238889" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 119.93111/lat -0.7238889)">Taweli</a> [Tawaili], NE of Palu on Poso road, 235 m., 10 October 1985, [vic. 0°43′26′′S, 119°55′52′′E], CL 2160, D. A . Polhemus &amp; J. T. Polhemus (USNM, BPBM) .</p><p>Discussion. Enithares producta was originally described from a pair of male specimens taken in the Minahasa region of far northeastern Celebes, with two female paratypes from the vicinity of Palu in north-central Celebes (Lansbury 1968). Additional records from northern Celebes were provided by Nieser &amp; Chen (1996), who indicated doubt as to whether the two paratype females from the Palu area were actually conspecific. An examination of multiple additional series taken by the author in the Palu area has now allowed a comparison of their male genitalia with those of the Minahasa populations. The genitalic structures are nearly identical (compare Figs. 68, 69), thereby validating Lansbury’s original interpretation, and mitigating the doubts raised by Nieser &amp; Chen. Based on these findings, it may be assumed that E. producta occurs throughout the entire extensive length of the northern peninsula of Celebes.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FE00115B5AFFF5FF38FC88FEEF09F4	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Polhemus, Dan A.	Polhemus, Dan A. (2020): Nine new species of Enithares (Heteroptera: Notonectidae) from New Guinea, with distributional notes on other species and an updated world checklist. Zootaxa 4772 (1): 132-182, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4772.1.5
03FE00115B55FFFAFF38FCE5FD230B7F.text	03FE00115B55FFFAFF38FCE5FD230B7F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Enithares ripleyana Lansbury 1968	<div><p>Enithares ripleyana Lansbury</p><p>Enithares ripleyana Lansbury 1968: 402 .</p><p>Material examined. INDONESIA, Maluku Utara Prov., Kab. Maluku Utara: 1 male, Bacan Island, small streamlet with waterfalls and pools, trib. to upper Gambasuli River, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=127.49833&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-0.7033333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 127.49833/lat -0.7033333)">Mt. Sabela</a>, 450 m. [vic. 0°42′12′′S, 127°29′54′′E], 26 September 1985, CL 2139, D. A . Polhemus &amp; J. T. Polhemus (USNM, BPBM); 10 males, 10 females, Halmahera Island, Tobelo Dist., <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=127.95528&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=1.7625" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 127.95528/lat 1.7625)">Kampung Ruko</a>, [~ 20 m., vic. 1°45′45′′N, 127°57′19′′E], 11 April 1981, A . C. Messer and P. M. Taylor (USNM; BPBM); 6 males, 10 females, Tidore Island, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=127.42111&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=0.67472225" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 127.42111/lat 0.67472225)">Kampung Gurabunga</a>, 700 m., [vic. 0°40′29′′N, 127°25′16′′E], 14 July 1981, A . C. Messer (USNM, BPBM); 1 male, Ternate Island, Air Tege Tege, on <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=127.3575&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=0.7911111" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 127.3575/lat 0.7911111)">Mt.</a> Ga- malama, [~ 700 m., vic. 0°47′28′′N, 127°21′27′′E], 22 September 1985, CL 2132, D. A . &amp; J. T. Polhemus (USNM) .</p><p>Discussion. Enithares ripleyana was described from the island of Bacan, and previously known only from there as a putative endemic. The new records presented here demonstrate that the species in fact occurs more widely, also occupying the islands of Halmahera, Ternate and Tidore. It thus appears to be endemic to the northern Molucca islands as a whole. The species is easily recognized by the backward angling apex of the PL in the male genitalia, which is often visible externally without dissection.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FE00115B55FFFAFF38FCE5FD230B7F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Polhemus, Dan A.	Polhemus, Dan A. (2020): Nine new species of Enithares (Heteroptera: Notonectidae) from New Guinea, with distributional notes on other species and an updated world checklist. Zootaxa 4772 (1): 132-182, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4772.1.5
03FE00115B55FFFBFF38FA78FB380F8E.text	03FE00115B55FFFBFF38FA78FB380F8E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Enithares timorensis Brooks 1948	<div><p>Enithares timorensis Brooks</p><p>Enithares timorensis Brooks 1948: 50 .</p><p>Material examined. INDONESIA, Nusa Tenggara Timur Prov.: 7 males, 21 females, 1 immature, Sumba, spring and stream below Waikabubak rd., 10 km. S. of Waingapu, 180 m . [9°41′03′′S, 120°12′17′′E], water temp. 28° C., 13 September 1991, CL 2597, D. A . Polhemus &amp; J. T. Polhemus (BPBM); 1 male, 1 female, Sumba, Kambahapang River, 59 km. SW of Waingapu, 420 m . [9°39′14′′S, 119°49′22′′E], water temp. 25° C., 14 September 1991, CL 2599, D. A . Polhemus &amp; J. T. Polhemus (BPBM); 1 male (dissected), 3 females, Sumba, Nusa Tenggara Timur Prov., Omang spring and stream, nr. Makamenggit, 30 km. SW of Waingapu, 475 m . [9°40′50′′S, 120°03′34′′E], water temp. 25° C., 14 September 1991, CL 2600, D. A . Polhemus &amp; J. T. Polhemus (BPBM); 1 female, Timor, Lili River at Lili, nr. Camplong, 40 km. E. of Kupang, 60 m . [10°02′47′′S, 123°54′28′′E], water temp. 32° C., 11 September 1991, CL 2592, D. A . Polhemus &amp; J. T. Polhemus (BPBM); 6 males, 7 females, Timor, spring and stream at Oe Hala, 10 km. N. of Soe, 685 m . [vic. 9°48′12′′S, 124°18′33′′E], water temp. 24° C., 11 September 1991, CL 2593, D. A . Polhemus &amp; J. T. Polhemus (BPBM); 6 males, 9 females, 2 immatures, spring at Oe Noah, 840 m . [vic. 9°40′03′′S, 124°29′20′′E], 12 Sept. 1991, CL 2594, D. A . Polhemus &amp; J. T. Polhemus (BPBM); 5 males, 7 females, Timor, spring at Oe Noulle, 9 km. N. of Soe, 685 m ., water temp. 25.5° C., 12 September 1991, CL 2596, D. A . Polhemus &amp; J. T. Polhemus (BPBM) . EAST TIMOR, Ainaro Dist.: 1 male, spring in native eucalyptus forest along road to Turiscai, 4.7 km. N. of <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=125.63833&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-8.819166" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 125.63833/lat -8.819166)">Maubisse</a>, 1390 m., 8°49′09′′S, 125°38′18′′E, water temp. 19° C., 12 November 2003, 16:00–17:00 hrs. and 13 November 2003, 08:00–09:00 hrs., D. A . Polhemus (USNM); 1 male, 1 female, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=125.592224&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-8.8375" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 125.592224/lat -8.8375)">Saru River</a> below road, 1 km. SW of Maubisse, 1240–1285 m., 8°50′15′′S, 125°35′32′′E, water temp. 20 °C., 2 September 2004, 12:30–15:30 hrs., CL 7312, D. A . Polhemus (USNM) .</p><p>Discussion. Enithares timorensis occurs on both Timor and Sumba, and is relatively widespread and abundant in the limnocrene springs that discharge from the upland limestone formations of those islands.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FE00115B55FFFBFF38FA78FB380F8E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Polhemus, Dan A.	Polhemus, Dan A. (2020): Nine new species of Enithares (Heteroptera: Notonectidae) from New Guinea, with distributional notes on other species and an updated world checklist. Zootaxa 4772 (1): 132-182, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4772.1.5
03FE00115B54FFFBFF38FB03FD8408F9.text	03FE00115B54FFFBFF38FB03FD8408F9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Enithares biimpressa (Uhler 1860)	<div><p>Enithares biimpressa (Uhler)</p><p>Enithares biimpressus (Uhler) 1860: 231 .</p><p>Material examined. HONG KONG, New Territories: 2 males, 5 females, Sai Kung District, rocky stream in Ho Chung Valley, 90 m . [vic. 22°21′32′′N, 114°14′05′′E], 21 November 1985, CL 2206, D. A. &amp; J. T. Polhemus (USNM, BPBM); 1 male, 12 females, Tseun Wan District, Great Falls, Kadoorie Experimental Farm, 420 m . [vic. 22°25′34′′N, 114°07′48′′E], 23 November 1985, CL 2209, D. A. &amp; J. T. Polhemus (USNM); 1 male, 12 females, North District, stream in sandstone at Ha Miu Tin, 120 m . [vic. 22°30′02′′N, 114°15′56′′E], 23 November 1985, CL 2211, D. A. &amp; J. T. Polhemus .</p><p>Discussion. Enithares biimpressa was described from Hong Kong, and the male genitalia of the topotypic specimens listed above match the figure in provided in Lansbury (1968), particularly in regard to the shape of the male paramere and the LABP. This species is close to E. chinensis, which has been recorded from nearby Macao (Lansbury 1968), and the two species may eventually prove to be synonyms, although if so, then E. biimpressa is the far older name and would have priority.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FE00115B54FFFBFF38FB03FD8408F9	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Polhemus, Dan A.	Polhemus, Dan A. (2020): Nine new species of Enithares (Heteroptera: Notonectidae) from New Guinea, with distributional notes on other species and an updated world checklist. Zootaxa 4772 (1): 132-182, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4772.1.5
03FE00115B54FFFBFF38FDC9FD630A10.text	03FE00115B54FFFBFF38FDC9FD630A10.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Enithares uncata Lundblad 1933	<div><p>Enithares uncata Lundblad</p><p>Enithares uncata Lundblad 1933: 179 .</p><p>Material examined. INDONESIA, Kalimantan Timur Prov., <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=116.60611&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-0.24916667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 116.60611/lat -0.24916667)">Borneo</a>: 9 males, 19 females, small spring in sandstone bedrock, 3 km. NE of Kota Bangun, 20 m., [vic. 0°14′57′′S, 116°36′22′′E], 28 August 1985, CL 2092, J. T. and D. A . Polhemus (USNM, BPBM). MALAYSIA, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=110.54694&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=1.1625" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 110.54694/lat 1.1625)">Borneo</a>, Sarawak: 1 male, 1 female, small forest stream 7 km. N. of Tebakang, 20 m., [1°09′45′′N, 110°32′49′′E], 9 August 1985, CL 2043, D. A . &amp; J. T. Polhemus (USNM).</p><p>Discussion. As noted by Lansbury (1968), E. uncata is very similar in many respects to E. mandalayensis Distant. The specimens from East Kalimantan, however, closely match Lansbury’s figures for E. uncata in regard to the shape of the metaxiphus, and the fine details of the LABP, and as such are assigned to that species for present. The specimens from Tebakang, Sarawak are also consistent with Lansbury’s figures, and closely match the coloration of other USNM specimens of E. uncata from Preanger, Java and Ft. De Kock, Sumatra, despite being slightly smaller in size. This species is now known to occur on all the Greater Sunda Islands of Java, Sumatra, and Borneo (Lansbury 1968, Zettel et al. 2012), with the current records documenting is presence in Mahakam River basin of East Kalimantan Province on the latter island.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FE00115B54FFFBFF38FDC9FD630A10	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Polhemus, Dan A.	Polhemus, Dan A. (2020): Nine new species of Enithares (Heteroptera: Notonectidae) from New Guinea, with distributional notes on other species and an updated world checklist. Zootaxa 4772 (1): 132-182, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4772.1.5
03FE00115B54FFF8FF38F8E2FF080847.text	03FE00115B54FFF8FF38F8E2FF080847.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Enithares ciliata (Fabricius 1798)	<div><p>Enithares ciliata (Fabricius)</p><p>Notonecta ciliata Fabricius 1798: 524 . Holotype from “Indiae aquis′′.</p><p>Anisops niveus: Kirkaldy 1898: 106 . Incorrectly assigns to Anisops as syn. of A. niveus (F.).</p><p>Enithares indica: Kirkaldy 1897: 393 . Proposed as type species of Enithares; name preoccupied (see Appendix 3).</p><p>Notonecta abbreviata Kirby 1891: 126 . Syn. by Lansbury 1968: 356.</p><p>Enithares abbreviata: Kirkaldy 1900: 10 . Proposed as alternate type species for Enithares; synonym.</p><p>Enithares paivana Distant 1910: 329 . Syn. by Hutchinson 1933: 394.</p><p>Enithares lactea Paiva 1919: 155 . Syn. by Hutchinson 1933: 394.</p><p>Enithares ciliata: Lundblad 1933: 146 .</p><p>Material examined. LAOS, Luang Prabang Prov.: 1 male, 1 female, Tad Thang waterfall area, small tributary stream in metamorphic rocks, 7 km. S. of Luang Prabang, 425 m ., 19°50′15′′N, 102°07′53′′E, water temp. 21° C., 8 December 2015, 09:00–10:45 hrs., CL 6032, D. A . Polhemus (BPBM) . THAILAND, Chiang Mai Prov.: 3 males, 3 females, ponds at Fang Horticultural Station, 500 m ., 19°58′05′′N, 99°09′21′′E, 15 November 1985, CL 2301, D. A . &amp; J. T. Polhemus (USNM) . BURMA, Sagaing Division: 2 females, spring upslope of San Myaung Camp, Chatthin Wildlife Sanctuary, 245 m ., 23°31′50′′N, 95°38′49′′E, water temp. 27.5° C., 5 October 1998, CL 4001, D. A . &amp; J. T. Polhemus (USNM); 4 males, 3 females, Chaung Gant Gaw headwater trib., Chatthin Wildlife Sanctuary, 245 m ., 23°31′29′′N, 95°38′48′′E, water temp. 29° C., 8 October 1998, CL 4004, D. A . &amp; J. T. Polhemus (BPBM, USNM) . VIETNAM, Lai Châu Prov.: 4 males (1 dissected), 2 females, Nam Na River and Nam Ceung stream trib., 15.5 km. N. of Lai Châu, 200 m ., 22°08′52′′N, 103°11′33′′E, water temp. 21.5° C. (trib.), 11 April 2000, 10:00–13:00 hrs., CL 4409, D. A . Polhemus, J. T. Polhemus and P. Nguyen (USNM) . Dac Lac Prov.: 1 male (dissected), 3 females, Yok Don National Park headquarters, ca. 2 km. SE of Ban Don, 100 m ., temporary ponds, 12°53′N, 107°48′E, 24–29 May 1997, L. Tuohy, ROM 973600 (USNM) . Lao Cai Prov.: 1 female, small rocky stream 19 km. NE of Sa Pa on Lào Cai road, 595 m ., 22°25′39′′N, 103°55′00′′E, water temp. 20° C., 7 April 2000, 15:15–16:00 hrs., CL 4399, D. A . Polhemus, J. T. Polhemus and P. Nguyen (USNM) . Lam Dong Prov.: 4 males, 1 female, 1 immature, stream below Quang Trung Reservoir, 5 km. S. of <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=108.443054&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=11.902778" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 108.443054/lat 11.902778)">Dalat on Hwy.</a> 20, 1400 m., 11°54′10′′N, 108°26′35′′E, water temp. 21° C., 10 May 1998, CL 3081, J. T. Polhemus (USNM) . Gia Lai Prov.: 1 male, river with two branches N. of Kanat, 485 m ., 14°10′44′′N, 108°34′31′′E, water temp. 22 °C., 10 March 2001, CL 4286, J. T. Polhemus and P. Nguyen (USNM) . Binh Dinh Prov.: 1 male, spring fed stream on E. side of An Khe Pass, 15.5 km. E. of An Khe on Hwy. 19, 365 m ., 13°57′53′′N, 108°45′48′′E, water temp. 22 °C., 14 March 2001, CL 4293, J. T. Polhemus and P. Nguyen (USNM) . MALAYSIA, Borneo, Sabah: 3 males, 2 females, bog E. of Crocker Range summit, nr. Km. 56 on <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=116.34028&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=5.7875" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 116.34028/lat 5.7875)">Keningau Hwy.</a>, montane forest, ~ 1460 m., vic. 5°47′15′′N, 116°20′25′′E, 6 August 1985, CL 2037, D. A . &amp; J. T. Polhemus (BPBM, USNM) . INDONESIA, Java, Jawa Barat Prov.: 2 males, 2 females, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=107.03389&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-6.7075" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 107.03389/lat -6.7075)">Cipanas</a>, abandoned hotel swimming pool, 1025 m., [vic. 6°42′27′′S, 107°02′02′′E], 4 November 1985, CL 2187, D. A . &amp; J. T. Polhemus (USNM) . Sumatra, Bengkulu Prov.: 1 male, small rock walled reservoir, 42 km. SE of Muaraaman along Curup road, 850 m ., 3°21′44′′S, 102°27′40′′E, 8 September 1991, CL 2586, D. A . &amp; J. T. Polhemus (USNM) .</p><p>Discussion. This species has a characteristic coloration in life, consisting of a blue-black body with a pale chevron mark on the posterior scutellum. The degree of expression of the angular process distally on the male hind femur, a diagnostic character for the species, is intraspecifically variable.</p><p>The complicated nomenclatural history of this species is reviewed in detail by Lansbury (1968) and is not repeated here.</p><p>Ecological notes. Enithares ciliata is an adaptable and widespread species that in addition to stream pools will also utilize artificial habitats, such as reservoirs and abandoned swimming pools. The recorded distribution of this taxon extends from Mauritius, Ceylon, India and Bhutan eastward through Thailand, Vietnam, Cambodia, peninsular Malaysia and Sumatra (Lansbury 1968, D. Polhemus 2017). Nieser et al. (2008) provided extensive additional records for this species in Thailand, and the material listed above includes new records for Laos, Burma, Java and Borneo.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FE00115B54FFF8FF38F8E2FF080847	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Polhemus, Dan A.	Polhemus, Dan A. (2020): Nine new species of Enithares (Heteroptera: Notonectidae) from New Guinea, with distributional notes on other species and an updated world checklist. Zootaxa 4772 (1): 132-182, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4772.1.5
03FE00115B57FFF9FF38F97FFAF80FF2.text	03FE00115B57FFF9FF38F97FFAF80FF2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Enithares intha Paiva 1918	<div><p>Enithares intha Paiva</p><p>Enithares intha Paiva 1918: 27</p><p>Material examined. BURMA, Mandalay Division: 1 male, spring outflows at Nyaungkhangyi, 7 km. N. of <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=96.456665&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=22.089445" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 96.456665/lat 22.089445)">Maymyo</a>, 1065 m., 22°05′22′′N, 96°27′24′′E, water temp. 22° C., 20 October 1998, CL 4013, D. A . &amp; J. T. Polhemus (USNM) .</p><p>Discussion. Enithares intha appears to have a relatively circumscribed range, being known to occur only in Burma and the hill country of adjacent northeastern India (Zettel et al. 2012). Lansbury (1974) redescribed the ho- lotype series, consisting of two males, and Zettel et al. (2012) provided a description of the female. The specimen listed above adds another record of this species from northeastern Burma.</p><p>Ecological notes. The Nyaungkhangyi Stream locality consisted of a set of springs and outflow streamlets lying at the headwaters of the Gelaung River. This locality was reached by hiking upstream from Nyaungkhangyi village along a rough rural road, which eventually degenerated into a set of narrow trails and cart tracks leading to a small reservoir. Above this reservoir lay two streams, heavily crowded along their banks by second-growth forest. The specimen of E. intha was taken from a set of deep and very clear spring-fed pools along the smaller branch. Other aquatic Heteroptera species occurring here included Ranatra schuhi D. Polhemus &amp; J. Polhemus, Ranatra lansburyi Chen, Nieser &amp; Ho, Metrocoris nigrofascioides Chen &amp; Nieser, and Hydrometra longicapitis Bueno.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FE00115B57FFF9FF38F97FFAF80FF2	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Polhemus, Dan A.	Polhemus, Dan A. (2020): Nine new species of Enithares (Heteroptera: Notonectidae) from New Guinea, with distributional notes on other species and an updated world checklist. Zootaxa 4772 (1): 132-182, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4772.1.5
03FE00115B56FFF9FF38FDEDFEAB0A2F.text	03FE00115B56FFF9FF38FDEDFEAB0A2F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Enithares malayensis Brooks 1948	<div><p>Enithares malayensis Brooks</p><p>Enithares malayensis Brooks 1948: 38</p><p>Material examined. MALAYSIA, Johor: 1 male (dissected), 1 female, Kota Tinggi waterfall, 16 km. N. of Kota Tinggi, 115 m ., [1°49′50′′N, 103°49′57′′E], 13 August 1985, CL 2056, J. T. Polhemus and D. A . Polhemus (USNM) . Selangor: 2 females, pond along old Gombak road, 23 km. E. of Kuala Lumpur, 16 August 1985, CL 2069, J. T. Polhemus and D. A . Polhemus (USNM) . Pahang: 1 male (dissected), 2 females, Lata Iskander waterfall, 18 km. N. of Tapah along Cameron Highlands road, 455 m ., [4°19′28′′N, 101°19′29′′E], 18 August 1985, CL 2074, J. T. Polhemus and D. A . Polhemus (USNM) .</p><p>Discussion. This species is easily recognized by the broadly curving fore tibia in males.</p><p>Ecological notes. The range of this species includes southern Thailand, the Malay Peninsula, Singapore and the Riau Archipelago (Lansbury 1968, Nieser et al. 2008), and it would seem likely that it occurs on intervening Sumatra as well.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FE00115B56FFF9FF38FDEDFEAB0A2F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Polhemus, Dan A.	Polhemus, Dan A. (2020): Nine new species of Enithares (Heteroptera: Notonectidae) from New Guinea, with distributional notes on other species and an updated world checklist. Zootaxa 4772 (1): 132-182, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4772.1.5
03FE00115B56FFFEFF38FB97FF2E0EF7.text	03FE00115B56FFFEFF38FB97FF2E0EF7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Enithares metallica Brooks 1948	<div><p>Enithares metallica Brooks</p><p>Enithares metallica Brooks 1948: 38</p><p>Material examined. MALAYSIA, Pahang: 1 male (dissected), 1 female, Lata Iskander waterfall, 18 km. N. of Tapah along Cameron Highlands road, 455 m ., [4°19′28′′N, 101°19′29′′E], 18 August 1985, CL 2074, J. T. Pol- hemus and D. A. Polhemus (USNM) . BURMA, Shan Division: 2 males, 2 females, Inle Lake area, forest stream above Mong Hsawk, 10 km. S. of Nyaungshwe, 955 m ., 20°34′37′′N, 96°57′51′′E, water temp. 21.5° C., 23 October 1998, CL 4020, D. A. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=96.964165&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=20.576946" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 96.964165/lat 20.576946)">Polhemus</a> &amp; J. T. Polhemus (USNM) . VIETNAM, Lai Châu Prov.: 4 males (1 dissected), 6 females, small tributary streams to Lai River at Lai Châu, 230 m ., 22°02′35′′N, 103°10′03′′ E, water temp. 23° C., 10 April 2000, 16:00–18:00 hrs., CL 4408, D. A. Polhemus, J. T. Polhemus and P. Nguyen (USNM); 1 male, 6 females, streamlet in hills, 28 km. SW of Tûan Giáo, 215 m ., 21°33′15′′N, 103°16′43′′ E, water temp. 25° C., 12 April 2000, 11:30–11:45 hrs., CL 4411, D. A. Polhemus, J. T. Polhemus and P. Nguyen (USNM) . Lào Cai Prov.: 3 males, 3 females, cascading stream 20 km. NE of Sa Pa on Lào Cai road, 565 m ., 22°26′20′′N, 103°55′36′′ E, water temp. 19° C., 9 April 2000, 12:15–14:30 hrs., CL 4406, D. A. Polhemus, J. T. Polhemus and P. Nguyen (USNM) . Ninh Thuan Prov.: 4 males, 4 females, first small stream on E. side of Belleview Pass ( Ngoan Muc Pass), 66 km. NW of Phan Rang, pools and cascades, 915 m ., 11°50′25′′N, 108°39′21′′E, water temp. 24° C., 12 May 1998 and 26 March 2001, CL 3087, J. T. Polhemus (USNM); 4 males, 4 females, spring fed stream in granite at shrine on E. side of Belleview Pass ( Ngoan Muc Pass), 58 km. NW of Phan Rang, 700 m ., 11°50′41′′N, 108°39′57′′E, water temp. 724° C., 12 May 1998, CL 3089, J. T. Polhemus (USNM) . Lam Dong Prov.: 5 males, small rocky stream at Lang Biang Mtn., 12 km. N. of Dalat, 1465 m., 12°01′12′′N, 108°25′27′′E, water temp. 20° C., 11 May 1998, CL 3084, J. T. Polhemus (USNM); 5 males, 5 females, 2 immatures, tributary stream to main river at Suoi Vang, 1430 m., 11°59′26′′N, 108°22′06′′E, water temp. 21° C., 11 and 18 May 1998, CL 3085, J. T. Polhemus (USNM) . Binh Dinh Prov.: 4 males, 4 females, spring fed stream on E. side of An Khe Pass, 15.5 km. E. of An Khe on Hwy. 19, 365 m ., 13°57′53′′N, 108°45′48′′E, water temp. 22 °C., 14 March 2001, CL 4293, J. T. Polhemus and P. Nguyen (USNM) .</p><p>Ecological notes. The range of this species includes Thailand, Vietnam and Peninsular Malaysia (Lansbury 1968). The records above serve to further clarify the range of this species in Vietnam, where it is commonly encountered.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FE00115B56FFFEFF38FB97FF2E0EF7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Polhemus, Dan A.	Polhemus, Dan A. (2020): Nine new species of Enithares (Heteroptera: Notonectidae) from New Guinea, with distributional notes on other species and an updated world checklist. Zootaxa 4772 (1): 132-182, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4772.1.5
03FE00115B51FFFEFF38FEE0FAC10ABC.text	03FE00115B51FFFEFF38FEE0FAC10ABC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Enithares sinica (Stal 1854)	<div><p>Enithares sinica (Stål)</p><p>Enithares sinica (Stål) 1854:241</p><p>Material examined. VIETNAM, Ho Chi Minh City: 1 female, pond beside orchid house at Saigon Botanical Garden, 14 m ., 10°47′15′′N, 106°42′25′′E, 20 November 2014, CL 6011, D. A . Polhemus (BPBM) . Lai Châu Prov.: 3 males, 3 females, Nam Na River and Nam Ceung stream trib., 15.5 km. N. of Lai Châu, 200 m ., 22°08′52′′N, 103°11′33′′E, water temp. 21.5° C. (trib.), 11 April 2000, 10:00–13:00 hrs., CL 4409, D. A . Polhemus, J. T. Polhe- mus and P. Nguyen (USNM) . Lào Cai Prov.: 4 males, 11 females, crest of pass N. of <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.76583&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=22.352777" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.76583/lat 22.352777)">Mt. Fan Si Pan</a>, 18 km. NW of Sa Pa on Lai Chau road, 1980 m., 22°21′10′′N, 103°45′57′′E, water temp. 16° C., 8 April 2000, 09:00–11:00 hrs., CL 4400, D. A . Polhemus, J. T. Polhemus and P. Nguyen (USNM); 1 male, rocky stream 12 km. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.79305&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=22.372778" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.79305/lat 22.372778)">NW of Sa Pa</a> on Lai Chau road, 1815 m., 22°22′22′′N, 103°47′35′′E, water temp. 18.5° C., 8 April 2000, 15:30–16:45 hrs., CL 4404, D. A . Polhemus, J. T. Polhemus and P. Nguyen (USNM) . Quang Ninh Prov.: 16 males, 7 females, waterfall nr. Yen Tú pagoda, 580 m ., 21°09′09′′N, 106°42′58′′E, water temp. 16° C., 26 March 2000, CL 4380, J. T. Polhemus and P. Nguyen (USNM). Hai Hung Prov .: 16 males, 5 females, Khe La stream, 22 km. N. of Chi Linh, 160 m ., 21°13′32′′N, 106°29′44′′E, water temp. 18° C., 25 March 2000, CL 4375, J. T. Polhemus and P. Nguyen (USNM)</p><p>Discussion. Males of E. sinica may be immediately recognized by the large, sharp tooth on the male hind femur, and the distinctive, tridentate metaxyphus in both sexes. The above records serve to clarify the broad distribution of this species in Vietnam. Enithares sinica appears to occur in a mutually exclusive pattern with other species in the genus, indicating that it may have differing ecological requirements.</p><p>Ecological notes. Enithares sinica ranges from Japan south through China to Taiwan, Vietnam, Laos, the Malay Peninsula and the Philippines, but has never been recorded from Thailand or the islands of the Malay Archipelago (Zettel et al. 2012). Similar to E. ciliata, it is capable of utilizing both natural and man-made water features, and can sometimes be found in urban settings. This is illustrated by a specimen, listed above, taken by the author from an unshaded ornamental pool about 1 m in depth on the landscaped grounds of the Saigon Botanical Garden.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FE00115B51FFFEFF38FEE0FAC10ABC	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Polhemus, Dan A.	Polhemus, Dan A. (2020): Nine new species of Enithares (Heteroptera: Notonectidae) from New Guinea, with distributional notes on other species and an updated world checklist. Zootaxa 4772 (1): 132-182, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4772.1.5
03FE00115B51FFFFFF38FB27FF260F46.text	03FE00115B51FFFFFF38FB27FF260F46.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Enithares stridulata Brooks 1948	<div><p>Enithares stridulata Brooks</p><p>Enithares stridulata Brooks 1948:37</p><p>Material examined. VIETNAM, Vinh Phuc Prov.: 1 male, 1 female, Tam Dao Nat. Park, headwater streamlet on Bamboo Forest Trail, 880 m ., 21°28′20′′N, 105°38′18′′E, water temp. 19° C., 28 November 2014, CL 6014, D. A . Polhemus (BPBM) . Lào Cai Prov.: 3 males, 7 females, 1 immature, rocky river and tributary 7 km. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.87112&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=22.371944" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.87112/lat 22.371944)">NE of Sa Pa</a> on Lào Cai road, 1220 m., 22°22′19′′N, 103°52′16′′E, water temp. 17° C., 7 April 2000, 08:30–10:00 hrs., CL 4395, D. A . Polhemus, J. T. Polhemus and P. Nguyen (USNM); 1 female, small rocky stream 19 km. NE of Sa Pa on Lào Cai road, 595 m ., 22°25′39′′N, 103°55′00′′E, water temp. 20° C., 7 April 2000, 15:15–16:00 hrs., CL 4399, D. A . Polhemus, J. T. Polhemus and P. Nguyen (USNM). Hà Tây Prov .: 1 female, Ba Vi Nat. Park, nr. Són Tây, W. of Hànôi, third small stream on lower road, 625 m . 21°03′32′′N, 105°21′16′′E, water temp. 18.5° C., 4 April 2000, CL 4393, J. T. Polhemus and P. Nguyen (USNM) . Lam Dong Prov.: 1 female, 1 immature, small rocky stream at Lang Biang Mtn., 12 km. N. of <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=108.424164&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=12.0199995" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 108.424164/lat 12.0199995)">Dalat</a>, 1465 m., 12°01′12′′N, 108°25′27′′E, water temp. 20° C., 11 May 1998, CL 3084, J. T. Polhemus (USNM)</p><p>Ecological notes. Enithares stridulata is a large-sized species that is apparently restricted to upland habitats in Indochina with cool water temperature regimes (Nieser et al. 2008). Although these authors listed the species as occurring only in northern Vietnam, the record provided here from the Dalat Plateau demonstrates that it is found at suitable elevations in southern Vietnam as well.</p><p>The Tam Dao series noted above was taken from small, shallow pools in a headwater streamlet with an alluvial bed, the largest pools being 1–2 m across and having a maximum depth of 0.5 m. The water was very clear, and flowing gently, with the reach above being dry with only hyporheic flow, thus the pools represented the uppermost limit of permanent water in this system. Most of these small pools contained 1–3 individuals of E. stridulata, with both adults and immatures present. Other aquatic Heteroptera occurring here included Amemboa vasarhelyii (Zettel), Perrittopus asiaticus Zettel, a few Metrocoris bilobatoides Chen &amp; Nieser on the largest pools just above the cascade, and a fairly large but undetermined Microvelia species taken along the edges of larger rocks on the pool margins. The channel was 50–70 percent shaded by mixed upland bamboo and moderate stature evergreen broadleaf forest.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FE00115B51FFFFFF38FB27FF260F46	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Polhemus, Dan A.	Polhemus, Dan A. (2020): Nine new species of Enithares (Heteroptera: Notonectidae) from New Guinea, with distributional notes on other species and an updated world checklist. Zootaxa 4772 (1): 132-182, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4772.1.5
03FE00115B50FFFFFF38FDC9FD690D5C.text	03FE00115B50FFFFFF38FDC9FD690D5C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Enithares gwini Lansbury 1984	<div><p>Enithares gwini Lansbury</p><p>Enithares gwini Lansbury 1984: 35 .</p><p>Material examined. AUSTRALIA, Western Australia: 1 male, 6 females, 1 immature, Galvan’s Gorge, 465 m ., 16°48′04′′S, 125°50′40′′E, water temp. 24° C., 28 August 2004, 09:00–12:00 hrs., CL 5002, D. A. &amp; J. T. Polhemus (USNM, BPBM) .</p><p>Discussion. This is a very large Enithares species, originally described from a type-series taken at Port Warren- der in northwestern Australia, with additional paratypes from Kalumburu Mission (Lansbury 1984). The specimens reported here came from the same general region of the continent, and based on available records this species appears to be endemic to the Kimberly Plateau.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FE00115B50FFFFFF38FDC9FD690D5C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Polhemus, Dan A.	Polhemus, Dan A. (2020): Nine new species of Enithares (Heteroptera: Notonectidae) from New Guinea, with distributional notes on other species and an updated world checklist. Zootaxa 4772 (1): 132-182, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4772.1.5
