identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
03FFE6320A0DF579FF68C8A8A951FE8C.text	03FFE6320A0DF579FF68C8A8A951FE8C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ampullariidae Gray 1824	<div><p>Family AMPULLARIIDAE Gray, 1824</p><p>AMPULLARIIDAE Gray, 1824: 276 [as “Ampullariadae”]. Type genus Ampullaria Lamarck, 1799 [= Pila Röding, 1798]. PILIDAE Preston, 1915: 96 . Type genus Pila Röding, 1798 .</p><p>LANISTINAE Starobogatov in Starobogatov &amp; Sitnikova, 1983: 22. Type genus Lanistes Montfort, 1810 . POMACEINAE Starobogatov in Starobogatov &amp; Sitnikova, 1983: 22. Type genus Pomacea Perry, 1810 . AFROPOMINAE Berthold, 1991: 206 . Type genus Afropomus Pilsbry &amp; Bequaert, 1927 . N. syn.</p><p>ANTLIPNEUMATA Berthold, 1991: 207. Unavailable name: not based on a genus-group name (Code, Art. 11.7, 29). HETEROSTROPHA Berthold, 1991: 207 . Unavailable name: not based on a genus-group name (Code, Art. 11.7, 29). NEOPOMATA Berthold, 1991: 208. Unavailable name: not based on a genus-group name (Code, Art. 11.7, 29). NERITOPOMATA Berthold, 1991: 207. Unavailable name: not based on a genus-group name (Code, Art. 11.7, 29). SAULEINI Berthold, 1991: 206 . Type genus Saulea Gray, 1868 . N. syn.</p><p>SPIROPENIATA Berthold, 1991: 207. Unavailable name: not based on a genus-group name (Code, Art. 11.7, 29).</p><p>ICZN (1999a), following Cowie (1997b: 83–88), confirmed the name Pilidae as a junior synonym of Ampullariidae and invalid.</p><p>Starobogatov &amp; Sitnikova (1983: 22) recognized three subfamilies in Ampullariidae (as “ Pilidae ”): Pilinae, Pomaceinae and Lanistinae . The diagnoses were minimal (dextral with calcified operculum, dextral with noncalcified operculum, sinistral hyperstrophic with non-calcified operculum, respectively) but reflect the distinctive characteristics of their type genera. However, no other information was given and these subfamilies are not recognized as valid in this catalogue, as also by Bouchet &amp; Rocroi (2005: 247).</p><p>Berthold (1991: 206) recognized two subfamilies: Afropominae (containing the genus Afropomus only) and Ampullariinae (containing all other ampullariids). Within Ampullariinae, he recognized two tribes: Sauleini (containing the genus Saulea only) and Ampullariini (containing all other species in the subfamily Ampullariinae). This arrangement, as the most recent formal classification, was adopted by Bouchet &amp; Rocroi (2005: 247). Within the Ampullariini Berthold (1991: 206–212) further recognized a number of named subdivisions, listed above, none of which is nomenclaturally available. Both reanalysis of the morphological data of Berthold (1991) by Bieler (1993) and molecular analysis (Hayes et al. 2009) provide little support for the systematic arrangement of Berthold. His new subfamilies and tribes are therefore listed here as synonyms of Ampullariidae and his other new family-group names listed under Ampullariidae are unavailable.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FFE6320A0DF579FF68C8A8A951FE8C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Cowie, Robert H.	Cowie, Robert H. (2015): The recent apple snails of Africa and Asia (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Ampullariidae: Afropomus, Forbesopomus, Lanistes, Pila, Saulea): a nomenclatural and type catalogue. The apple snails of the Americas: addenda and corrigenda. Zootaxa 3940 (1): 1-92, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3940.1.1
03FFE6320A0CF579FF68CD5EA83EFDA7.text	03FFE6320A0CF579FF68CD5EA83EFDA7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Afropomus Pilsbry & Bequaert 1927	<div><p>Genus Afropomus Pilsbry &amp; Bequaert, 1927</p><p>AFROPOMUS Pilsbry &amp; Bequaert, 1927: 171 . Type species Ampullaria balanoidea Gould, 1850, by original designation.</p><p>Berthold (1991: 245) incorrectly stated that the type was fixed by monotypy. The gender of Pomus in Latin, and hence of Afropomus, is feminine.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FFE6320A0CF579FF68CD5EA83EFDA7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Cowie, Robert H.	Cowie, Robert H. (2015): The recent apple snails of Africa and Asia (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Ampullariidae: Afropomus, Forbesopomus, Lanistes, Pila, Saulea): a nomenclatural and type catalogue. The apple snails of the Americas: addenda and corrigenda. Zootaxa 3940 (1): 1-92, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3940.1.1
03FFE6320A0CF579FF68CE4BA87DFBC3.text	03FFE6320A0CF579FF68CE4BA87DFBC3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ampullaria balanoidea	<div><p>balanoidea</p><p>Ampullaria balanoidea Gould, 1850: 196 . Type material — lectotype (Johnson 1964: 45): MCZ 169054; paralectotype: USNM 611247. Type locality —“Grand Cape Mount, Liberia ”. Distribution —from Liberia to the Democratic Republic of the Congo (Binder 1963: 13), but only Liberia, Ivory Coast and Sierra Leone listed by Brown (1980: 55, 1994: 66).</p><p>Remarks. Figured by Petit de la Saussaye (1851: 267, pl. 7, fig. 8; as “ balenoidea ”) and by Reeve (1856 e: pl. 27, figs. 129a, b), who attributed the name to “Gould, MS., Mus. Hanley”.</p><p>+ nimbae</p><p>Afropomus balanoideus nimbae Binder, 1963: 13, fig. 1. Type material — lectotype (Cowie &amp; Héros 2012: 810): MNHN 4497; paralectotypes: MNHN 4456 (1 spm.), MNHN 4495 (5 spms., in alcohol), MNHN 4496 (1 spm.), MNHN 4498 (1 spm.). Type locality —“Dans le Gouan” [restricted on designation of the lectotype by Cowie &amp; Héros (2012: 810) from the original published localities of the syntype series]. Distribution —Mont Nimba, Republic of Guinea (Binder 1963: 14).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FFE6320A0CF579FF68CE4BA87DFBC3	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Cowie, Robert H.	Cowie, Robert H. (2015): The recent apple snails of Africa and Asia (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Ampullariidae: Afropomus, Forbesopomus, Lanistes, Pila, Saulea): a nomenclatural and type catalogue. The apple snails of the Americas: addenda and corrigenda. Zootaxa 3940 (1): 1-92, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3940.1.1
03FFE6320A0CF579FF68C9BBAB65F9AF.text	03FFE6320A0CF579FF68C9BBAB65F9AF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Forbesopomus atalanta	<div><p>atalanta</p><p>Forbesopomus atalanta Bequaert &amp; Clench, 1937: 54, pl. 2, figs. 1–7. Type material — holotype [by original designation]: MCZ 74465; paratypes: MCZ 74466 (21 spms.), NMW.Z.1981.118.00122 (1 spm.), USNM 530146 (1 spm.). Type locality —“Lake Lanao, Misamis, Mindanao, Philippine Islands ”. Distribution —only known from the type locality.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FFE6320A0CF579FF68C9BBAB65F9AF	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Cowie, Robert H.	Cowie, Robert H. (2015): The recent apple snails of Africa and Asia (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Ampullariidae: Afropomus, Forbesopomus, Lanistes, Pila, Saulea): a nomenclatural and type catalogue. The apple snails of the Americas: addenda and corrigenda. Zootaxa 3940 (1): 1-92, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3940.1.1
03FFE6320A0CF579FF68C88BAEF8FAF7.text	03FFE6320A0CF579FF68C88BAEF8FAF7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Forbesopomus Bequaert & Clench 1937	<div><p>Genus FORBESOPOMUS Bequaert &amp; Clench, 1937</p><p>FORBESOPOMUS Bequaert &amp; Clench, 1937: 53 . Type species: Forbesopomus atalanta Bequaert &amp; Clench, 1937, by original designation.</p><p>Not mentioned by Berthold (1991). As for Afropomus, the gender of Forbesopomus is feminine.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FFE6320A0CF579FF68C88BAEF8FAF7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Cowie, Robert H.	Cowie, Robert H. (2015): The recent apple snails of Africa and Asia (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Ampullariidae: Afropomus, Forbesopomus, Lanistes, Pila, Saulea): a nomenclatural and type catalogue. The apple snails of the Americas: addenda and corrigenda. Zootaxa 3940 (1): 1-92, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3940.1.1
03FFE6320A0CF57AFF68CABFA977F8FF.text	03FFE6320A0CF57AFF68CABFA977F8FF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Lanistes Montfort 1810	<div><p>Genus LANISTES Montfort, 1810</p><p>LANISTES Montfort, 1810: 122 . Type species: Lanistes olivierii Montfort, 1810 [as “ Oliverii ”, lapsus calami; = carinata Olivier, 1804], by original designation.</p><p>Remarks. Misspelled as “ Lanites ” by Swainson (1840: 339).</p><p>MELADOMUS Swainson, 1840: 340 . Type species: Meladomus bulimoides Swainson, 1840 [= Ampullaria purpurea Jonas, 1839], by monotypy.</p><p>Remarks. Gray (1847: 148), followed by G.B. Sowerby III (1916: 68), considered Paludina olivacea G.B. Sowerby I as the type species, although bulimoides Swainson was the only originally included species. Synonym of Lanistes Montfort, teste Berthold (1991: 201, 246).</p><p>LEROYA Grandidier, 1887: 191 . Type species: Leroya bourguignati Grandidier, 1887 [= farleri Craven, 1880], by subsequent designation of Pilsbry &amp; Bequaert (1927: 199).</p><p>Remarks. Synonym of Lanistes Montfort, teste Berthold (1991: 201, 246).</p><p>BOLTENIANA Bourguignat, 1889: 178 [as section of Meladomus Swainson]. Type species: Cyclostoma carinata Olivier, 1804, by subsequent designation of Pilsbry &amp; Bequaert (1927: 183).</p><p>Remarks. Synonym of Lanistes Montfort, teste Pilsbry &amp; Bequaert (1927: 183).</p><p>LIBYCIANA Bourguignat, 1889: 176 [as section of Meladomus Swainson]. Type species: Ampullaria libyca Morelet, 1848, by subsequent designation of Pilsbry &amp; Bequaert (1927: 183).</p><p>Remarks. Synonym of Lanistes Montfort, teste Pilsbry &amp; Bequaert (1927: 183).</p><p>NYASSANA Bourguignat, 1889: 179 [as section of Meladomus Swainson]. Type species: Lanistes nyassanus Dohrn, 1865, by monotypy.</p><p>Remarks. Synonym of Lanistes Montfort, teste Pilsbry &amp; Bequaert (1927: 183).</p><p>OLIVACEANA Bourguignat, 1889: 172 [as section of Meladomus Swainson]. Type species: not designated.</p><p>PURPURIANA Bourguignat, 1889: 170 [as section of Meladomus Swainson]. Type species: not designated.</p><p>PLESIOLANISTES Berthold, 1991: 210, 247. Type species: Helix varica Müller, 1774, by monotypy. N. syn.</p><p>Pilsbry &amp; Bequaert (1927) and Brown (1980, 1994) treated Meladomus Swainson, Leroya Grandidier and Lanistes s . str. as subgenera of Lanistes Montfort. However, all are here treated as synonyms of Lanistes Montfort, following Berthold (1991: 202), who considered that these subdivisions may not be valid and that the genus Lanistes be subdivided into only two subgenera, Lanistes s. str . and Lanistes subg. Plesiolanistes Berthold. Pilsbry &amp; Bequaert (1927: 187) thought that Lanistes nyassanus Dohrn “seemingly belongs in a distinct group” but refrained from formally treating Nyassana Bourguignat as a valid subgenus. Plesiolanistes Berthold was erected on very little basis for a single species and is here treated as a synonym of Lanistes Montfort.</p><p>+ adansoni</p><p>Meladomus adansoni Kobelt, 1911: 18, pl. 24, fig. 6. Type material — holotype [by monotypy]: SMF 7466. Type locality —“Senegambien” [Senegal and Gambia]. Distribution — Senegal, Gambia, Democratic Republic of the Congo (Pilsbry &amp; Bequaert 1927: 196–197).</p><p>Remarks. The original description was explicitly based on a single shell that Kobelt had had in his possession for many years. The SMF shell matches the description well and is therefore considered the holotype by monotypy (Code, Art. 73.1.2). Form of ovum Troschel, teste Boettger (1913: 106). Valid species, teste Pilsbry &amp; Bequaert (1927: 196). Form of varica Müller, teste Brown (1980: 50, 1994: 60), followed here.</p><p>aegyptiaca</p><p>Ampullaria aegyptiaca Jickeli, 1874: 227 . Unavailable name: first published as a junior synonym of carinata Olivier; not treated as an available name or adopted as the name of a taxon before 1961 (Code, Art. 11.6).</p><p>Remarks. Name attributed to “Ehrenb. Mus. Berol” by Jickeli (1874: 227), apparently based only on labels associated with the shells (9 spms.) in Berlin (ZMB 13929; M. Glaubrecht pers. comm. 7 &amp; 8 May 2013), as it seems not to have been published prior to this. Treated as a synonym of carinata Olivier by G.B. Sowerby III (1916: 65; as “ aegyptica ”) and Pilsbry &amp; Bequaert (1927: 186).</p><p>affinis</p><p>Lanistes affinis Smith, 1878: 716, pl. 74. fig. 7. Type material — syntype: NHMUK 1877.9.28.25 (1 spm., labelled “ type ” and “ holotype ”). Type locality —“Lake Nyassa” [in publication title].</p><p>Remarks. Variety of ovum Troschel, teste Kobelt (1909: 79, 1911: 12). Valid species, teste Pilsbry &amp; Bequaert (1927: 194). Synonym of ovum Troschel and ellipticus Martens, teste G.B. Sowerby III (1916: 67) and Brown (1994: 63), respectively, followed here.</p><p>+ albersi</p><p>Meladomus (Lanistes) libycus albersi Kobelt, 1912b: 25, pl. 23, figs. 5, 6. Type material — holotype [by monotypy, the specimen figured as “ Lanistes libycus var .” by Martens (1866, pl. 70, figs. 5, 6)]: ZMB 109. Type locality —“ Gabon ”. Distribution —no additional information.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FFE6320A0CF57AFF68CABFA977F8FF	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Cowie, Robert H.	Cowie, Robert H. (2015): The recent apple snails of Africa and Asia (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Ampullariidae: Afropomus, Forbesopomus, Lanistes, Pila, Saulea): a nomenclatural and type catalogue. The apple snails of the Americas: addenda and corrigenda. Zootaxa 3940 (1): 1-92, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3940.1.1
03FFE6320A0EF57BFF68CE42AFA8F9C1.text	03FFE6320A0EF57BFF68CE42AFA8F9C1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Lanistes olivaceus var. ambiguus	<div><p>ambiguus</p><p>Lanistes olivaceus var. ambiguus Martens, 1866: 292 –293, pl. 71, figs. 3, 4. Type material — lectotype (Köhler &amp; Glaubrecht 2006: 201, fig. 1c): ZMB 8569a; paralectotypes ZMB 8569b (3 spms.), the shell illustrated by Philippi (1852a: pl. 7, fig. 7). Type locality —“Tette am Sambesi” [Tete on the Zambezi River, Mozambique]. Distribution —no additional information.</p><p>Remarks. Martens (1866: 292) referred the illustration of Ampullaria ovum [= Lanistes ovum (Troschel)] of Philippi (1852a: pl. 7, fig. 7) to this variety; the shell represented by that illustration is also therefore part of the type series (Code, Art. 72.4.1). Original locality given as “Mossambique” by Martens (1866: 293), restricted on designation of the lectotype. Variety of olivacea G.B. Sowerby I, teste Paetel (1887: 480), Kobelt (1909: 79, 1911: 6) and Connolly (1912: 258). Valid species, teste Pilsbry &amp; Bequaert (1927: 194), followed by Köhler &amp; Glaubrecht (2006: 201) and here.</p><p>+ assiniensis</p><p>Meladomus libycus assiniensis Kobelt, 1912a: 7 [1912b: 30, pl. 26, figs. 6, 7]. Type material — syntypes: SMF 7448 (1 spm.), SMF 7449 (1 spm.). Type locality —“Assinie Africae occidentalis ” [Ivory Coast]. Distribution —no additional information.</p><p>Remarks. Kobelt (1912a) was published on 15 January, as indicated on p. 48 of the issue (Heft 1, Januar – März), yet cited Kobelt (1912b), which, although dated 24 May 1911, was not considered to have been published until 22 April 1912 (Welter-Schultes 1999: 198). Pending further dating research, the original description is considered to have been Kobelt (1912a).</p><p>bangweolicus</p><p>Lanistes (Meladomus) ovum bangweolicus Haas, 1936: 36, pl. 2, fig. 1. Type material — holotype [by original designation]: SMF 7435; paratypes: MCZ 74725 (2 spms.), NMW.Z.1981.118.00286 (1 spm.), RBINS MT 2040 (1 spm.), SMF 7436 (28 spms.), SMF 7437 (8 spms.), ZSM 20012412 (1 spm., ex SMF). Type locality —“Nordende des Bangweolo-Sees bei Nsombo, Nord-Rhodesien” [North end of Lake Bangweulu near Nsombo, Zambia].</p><p>Remarks. While Haas (1936: 37) mentioned only three paratypes, the additional specimens listed above appear also to be paratypes. Synonym of ovum Troschel, teste Mandahl-Barth (1968: 31) and Brown (1980: 52, 1994: 63).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FFE6320A0EF57BFF68CE42AFA8F9C1	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Cowie, Robert H.	Cowie, Robert H. (2015): The recent apple snails of Africa and Asia (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Ampullariidae: Afropomus, Forbesopomus, Lanistes, Pila, Saulea): a nomenclatural and type catalogue. The apple snails of the Americas: addenda and corrigenda. Zootaxa 3940 (1): 1-92, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3940.1.1
03FFE6320A09F57CFF68CD62A862FD86.text	03FFE6320A09F57CFF68CD62A862FD86.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Lanistes bicarinatus	<div><p>bicarinatus</p><p>Lanistes bicarinatus Germain, 1907c: 428, fig. 27. Type material — holotype [by monotypy: “Un exemplaire”]: location unknown. Type locality —“Brazzaville”. Distribution —Lower Congo and Ubangi Rivers (Brown 1980: 49, 1994: 59).</p><p>Remarks. Valid species, teste Pilsbry &amp; Bequaert (1927: 193), Brown (1980: 49, 1994: 59) and Berthold (1991: 246), who all placed it in Lanistes s . str.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FFE6320A09F57CFF68CD62A862FD86	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Cowie, Robert H.	Cowie, Robert H. (2015): The recent apple snails of Africa and Asia (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Ampullariidae: Afropomus, Forbesopomus, Lanistes, Pila, Saulea): a nomenclatural and type catalogue. The apple snails of the Americas: addenda and corrigenda. Zootaxa 3940 (1): 1-92, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3940.1.1
03FFE6320A09F57DFF68CE69AE1EFD89.text	03FFE6320A09F57DFF68CE69AE1EFD89.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Meladomus bloyeti	<div><p>bloyeti</p><p>Meladomus bloyeti Bourguignat, 1889: 171 . Type material — lectotype (Cowie &amp; Héros 2012: 797): MNHN 4501; paralectotype: MHNG-INVE-11674 (1 spm.). Type locality —“Cours d’eau aux environs de Kondoa (Ousaghara)” [Watercourses around Kondoa (Ousaghara), Tanzania]. Distribution —no additional information.</p><p>Remarks. Variety of purpurea Jonas, teste Martens (1897a: 164) and Kobelt (1909: 79). Synonym of olivacea G.B. Sowerby I, teste G.B. Sowerby III (1916: 68). Valid species, teste Kobelt (1911: 18), Pilsbry &amp; Bequaert (1927: 194) and Cowie &amp; Héros (2012: 797), followed here.</p><p>+ boettgeri</p><p>Meladomus boettgeri Kobelt, 1912a: 7 –8 [1912b: 41, pl. 30, figs. 9, 10]. Type material — syntypes: SMF 7457 (1 spm.), SMF 7458 (1 spm.). Type locality —“ Gabun ” [Gabon]. Distribution —no additional information. Remarks. For discussion of dates of publication of Kobelt (1912a) and Kobelt (1912b) see assiniensis Kobelt and the reference list . Variety of libycus Morelet, teste Kobelt (1912b: 41), followed here.</p><p>bolteniana</p><p>Ampullaria bolteniana Deshayes &amp; Milne Edwards, 1838: 537 [name made available by bibliographic reference to Chemnitz (1786: 89, pl. 109, figs. 921, 922) (Code, Art. 11.5)]. Type material — holotype [by monotypy]: the shell illustrated by Chemnitz, location unknown, from the Bolten collection [not found in ZIN (see also Martynov 2002) or ZMUC]. Type locality —[no locality given].</p><p>Remarks. See also Roth (1839: 26), who treated bolteniana “Chemnitz” as the valid name for carinata Olivier, by bibliographic reference to Olivier (1804a: 38 [4o edition], 1804c: pl. 31, fig. 1 [error]), Deshayes &amp; Milne Edwards (1838: 537; as “Lamarck”) and the illustrations of Savigny (1817, pl. 2, figs. 31.1–5) combined with their explanations by Audouin (1826: 33). Also made available by Jay (1850: 281) and Adams &amp; Adams (1854: 349, pl. 37, figs. 5, 5a, b). Valid species, teste Germain (1907b: 116). Synonym of carinata Olivier, teste Philippi (1851: 23), Bourguignat (1864: 81), Nevill (1885: 13), Kobelt (1911: 19), Pilsbry &amp; Bequaert (1927: 186) and Brown (1980: 49, 1994: 59). Some authors have used bolteni as the name of this taxon, though giving the author as “Chemnitz” (e.g. Mayer-Eymar 1900: 120, 1901: 23; Pallary 1909: 61). Such instances are here treated as incorrect subsequent spellings (and therefore unavailable) rather than emendations (Code, Art. 33.5).</p><p>bourguignati</p><p>Leroya bourguignati Grandidier, 1887: 192 . Type material —location unknown [not found in MNHN (cf. Dance 1986: 213)]. Type locality —“bassin du Kyngani ou celui du Vouami” [in final paragraph of publication; Kingani (= Ruvu) or Wami river basins, Tanzania].</p><p>Remarks. Illustrated by Bourguignat (1888: pl. 6, fig. 2). Variety of farleri Craven, teste Kobelt (1909: 79; as “ farleyi ”). Valid species, teste Kobelt (1912b: 36). Synonym of farleri Craven, teste Germain (1916: 324–325) and Brown (1980: 54), followed here, though only tentatively synonymized by Brown (1994: 65).</p><p>bourguignoni</p><p>Lanistes Bourguignoni Putzeys, 1898 a: xxiii. Type material — syntypes: RBINS MT 2039 (1 spm.). Type locality —“Embouchure de la Luima” [mouth of the Luima]; “L’état indépendant du Congo ” [in publication title; = Democratic Republic of the Congo].</p><p>Remarks. Valid species, teste G.B. Sowerby III (1916: 66). Synonym of congicus Boettger, teste Pilsbry &amp; Bequaert (1927: 188), Mandahl-Barth (1968: 31) and Brown (1980: 50), followed here. Type species of Leroya Grandidier, here treated as a synonym of Lanistes Montfort.</p><p>bulimoides</p><p>Meladomus bulimoïdes Swainson, 1840: 340 . Type material —location unknown. Type locality —“ China?” [error].</p><p>Remarks. Synonym of olivacea G.B. Sowerby I, teste G.B. Sowerby III (1916: 68) and Connolly (1939: 556), and of purpurea Jonas, teste Kobelt (1911: 4) and Pilsbry &amp; Bequaert (1927: 194–195), followed here. Type species of Meladomus Swainson, here treated as a synonym of Lanistes Montfort.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FFE6320A09F57DFF68CE69AE1EFD89	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Cowie, Robert H.	Cowie, Robert H. (2015): The recent apple snails of Africa and Asia (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Ampullariidae: Afropomus, Forbesopomus, Lanistes, Pila, Saulea): a nomenclatural and type catalogue. The apple snails of the Americas: addenda and corrigenda. Zootaxa 3940 (1): 1-92, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3940.1.1
03FFE6320A08F57DFF68CE69AB75FA51.text	03FFE6320A08F57DFF68CE69AB75FA51.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Lanistes carinatus	<div><p>carinatus</p><p>Ampullaria carinata Olivier, 1804a: 39; 1804b: 68; Cyclostoma carinata Olivier, 1804 c: vi [explication des planches], pl. 31, figs. 2a, b. Type material — lectotype (Cowie &amp; Héros 2012: 798): MNHN 23075 (ex MNHN 4640); paralectotypes: MNHN 4640 (4 spms.), MNHN 4708 (4 spms.). Type locality —“canaux d’Égypte” [“Alexandrie” (label of MNHN 4708), “Alexandria” (label of MNHN 4640)]. Distribution — Egypt, Sudan, Ethiopia, Somalia, Kenya, Uganda (Brown 1980: 49, 1994, 59).</p><p>Remarks. Olivier’s text was published in two formats (Baur &amp; Adler 2003; Cowie &amp; Héros 2012: 798), both of which use the genus name Ampullaria . The atlas, which includes an “explication des planches” and the plates themselves, uses the genus name Cyclostoma . There is no evidence that the two versions of the text and the Atlas were not published simultaneously (Baur &amp; Adler 2003; Cowie &amp; Héros 2012: 798). It is therefore not possible to ascertain the original combination, Ampullaria or Cyclostoma . MHNG-INVE-51294 and MHNG-INVE-512945 (formerly 1093/97 and 1093/98) were listed as “ types ” by G. Mermod in his index card file of the MHNG Lamarck collection. However, this merely means that they were the original specimens to which Lamarck (1822a) referred, and are not to be considered as part of Olivier’s type series (Y. Finet pers. comm. 1 October 2013). Valid species, teste G.B. Sowerby III (1916: 65), Pilsbry &amp; Bequaert (1927: 186), Brown (1980: 49, 1994: 57) and Berthold (1991: 246), who all placed it in subg. Lanistes s. str ., and Cowie &amp; Héros (2012: 798), who simply placed it in Lanistes . Type species of Lanistes Montfort and Bolteniana Bourguignat.</p><p>+ castaneus</p><p>Meladomus purpureus var. castaneus Kobelt, 1911: 17, pl. 26, figs. 2, 3. Type material — syntypes: SMF 7460 (1 spm., figured), SMF 7461 (2 spms.). Type locality —“ Sansibar ” [Zanzibar]. Distribution —no additional information.</p><p>Remarks. Name attributed by Kobelt to Sowerby &amp; Fulton. Kobelt explicitly based his description on two specimens; that there are three specimens in the type series may reflect an error by him (R. Janssen pers. comm. 18 October 2013).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FFE6320A08F57DFF68CE69AB75FA51	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Cowie, Robert H.	Cowie, Robert H. (2015): The recent apple snails of Africa and Asia (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Ampullariidae: Afropomus, Forbesopomus, Lanistes, Pila, Saulea): a nomenclatural and type catalogue. The apple snails of the Americas: addenda and corrigenda. Zootaxa 3940 (1): 1-92, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3940.1.1
03FFE6320A0BF57EFF68CCB9A82DFE25.text	03FFE6320A0BF57EFF68CCB9A82DFE25.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Lanistes ciliatus	<div><p>ciliatus</p><p>Lanistes ciliatus Martens, 1878: 296, pl. 2, figs. 8–10. Type material — holotype [by monotypy]: ZMB 30060 (Köhler &amp; Glaubrecht 2006: 201). Type locality —“Finboni, Sansibar-Küste” [= “ Kenya, Finboni, near the coast, between Mombassa and Taita” (Köhler &amp; Glaubrecht 2006: 201)]. Distribution —coastal region of southeastern Kenya (Brown 1980: 52, 1994: 61).</p><p>Remarks. Valid species, teste Kobelt (1911: 23), G.B. Sowerby III (1916: 69), Pilsbry &amp; Bequaert (1927: 186), Brown (1980: 52, 1994: 61) and Berthold (1991: 246), who all (except Sowerby, who placed it in Lanistes subg. Leroya) placed it in Lanistes s. str .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FFE6320A0BF57EFF68CCB9A82DFE25	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Cowie, Robert H.	Cowie, Robert H. (2015): The recent apple snails of Africa and Asia (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Ampullariidae: Afropomus, Forbesopomus, Lanistes, Pila, Saulea): a nomenclatural and type catalogue. The apple snails of the Americas: addenda and corrigenda. Zootaxa 3940 (1): 1-92, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3940.1.1
03FFE6320A0BF57EFF68CDC8AB69FAB3.text	03FFE6320A0BF57EFF68CDC8AB69FAB3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Lanistes congicus	<div><p>congicus</p><p>Lanistes congicus O. Boettger in Schepman, 1891: 111, pl. 8, figs. 1a–c [subsequently described as var. schepmani C.R. Boettger], 2a–c. Type material — syntype: SMF 7455 (1 spm.). Type locality —“near the village Elau, on 2 days journey from San Salvador, Congo ”. Distribution —Northern Angola, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Republic of the Congo (Brown 1980: 50, 1994: 60).</p><p>Remarks. Name and description attributed to O. Boettger by Schepman (1891: 111). Boettger in Schepman (1891: 111) gave ranges of shell dimensions and Schepman (1891: 112) mentioned “ type specimens”, indicating that the description was based on more than one specimen. Kobelt (1912b: 40, pl. 30, figs. 2, 3) noted “Boettgers Typus ” as the shell illustrated in his pl. 30, figs. 2 and 3, and C.R. Boettger (1913: 104) also referred to Kobelt (1912b: pl. 30, figs. 2, 3) as having illustrated the “ Typus ”; neither of these statements constituted a lectotype designation as neither explicitly indicated selection of this specimen as the name-bearing type (Code, Art. 74.5). The specimen in SMF 7455 matches the illustration (R. Janssen pers. comm. 20 October 2013). Valid species, teste Kobelt (1912b: 39), Pilsbry &amp; Bequaert (1927: 188), Brown (1980: 50, 1994: 60) and Berthold (1991: 246), who all placed it in Lanistes s. str .</p><p>connollyi</p><p>Lanistes (Meladomus) connollyi Pain, 1954: 2, figs. 1, 2. Type material — holotype [by original designation]: MCZ 173421; paratypes: MCZ 173422 (16 spms.), MCZ 173423 (1 spm.), MRAC 793978 (1 spm.), NMW.Z.1981.118.00112 (3 spms.), NMW.Z.1981.118.00233 (2 spms.), ZMA 136137 (2 spms.), ZMUC GAS 1720 (1 spm.). Type locality —“ Southern Rhodesia [= Zimbabwe]: Victoria Falls”.</p><p>Remarks. MCZ 173423 from “ Northern Rhodesia [= Zambia]: River Kafue, at N’kana, near the Congo border” (Pain 1954: 2). Form but not a subspecies of ovum Troschel, teste Brown (1980: 52, 1994: 63), so here treated as a synonym. N. syn.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FFE6320A0BF57EFF68CDC8AB69FAB3	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Cowie, Robert H.	Cowie, Robert H. (2015): The recent apple snails of Africa and Asia (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Ampullariidae: Afropomus, Forbesopomus, Lanistes, Pila, Saulea): a nomenclatural and type catalogue. The apple snails of the Americas: addenda and corrigenda. Zootaxa 3940 (1): 1-92, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3940.1.1
03FFE6320A0AF57FFF68C918ABFCF94B.text	03FFE6320A0AF57FFF68C918ABFCF94B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Lanistes ellipticus	<div><p>ellipticus</p><p>Lanistes ellipticus Martens, 1866: 294, pl. 70, figs. 9, 10. Type material — lectotype (Köhler &amp; Glaubrecht 2006: 204): ZMB 8568a; paralectotype: ZMB 8568b. Type locality —“ Mozambique, Zambezi River at Tete” (Köhler &amp; Glaubrecht 2006: 204). Distribution —Chari and Congo basins (Germain 1907b: 116), Lake Tanganyika (Germain 1908: 727), Mozambique [“Lorenzo Marques” (Connolly 1912: 257)], “ Rhodesia. Mouth of Tschobe [= Chobe] River” (Connolly 1912: 257), Zimbabwe (Connolly 1939: 556), northern Mozambique, southeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, Lake Malawi (Brown 1980: 54, 1994: 63–64; Berthold 1990: 48).</p><p>Remarks. Connolly (1939: 556), in stating “ Type in Berlin museum”, did not explicitly select that specimen as the name-bearing type; this statement therefore did not constitute a valid lectotype designation (Code, Art. 74.5). Synonym of ovum Troschel, teste G.B. Sowerby III (1916: 67). Valid species, teste Kobelt (1911: 8), Pilsbry &amp; Bequaert (1927: 198), Brown (1980: 54, 1994: 63) and Berthold (1991: 246), followed here, who all placed it in Lanistes subg. Meladomus .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FFE6320A0AF57FFF68C918ABFCF94B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Cowie, Robert H.	Cowie, Robert H. (2015): The recent apple snails of Africa and Asia (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Ampullariidae: Afropomus, Forbesopomus, Lanistes, Pila, Saulea): a nomenclatural and type catalogue. The apple snails of the Americas: addenda and corrigenda. Zootaxa 3940 (1): 1-92, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3940.1.1
03FFE6320A0AF560FF68CB2BAFA6FD89.text	03FFE6320A0AF560FF68CB2BAFA6FD89.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Lanistes farleri	<div><p>farleri</p><p>Lanistes farleri Craven, 1880: 219, pl. 22, figs. 7a–d. Type material — syntypes: NHMUK 1891.3.7.36–38 (3 spms.). Type locality —“Magila” [Tanzania]. Distribution — Tanzania, Zanzibar (Brown 1980: 55, 1994: 65).</p><p>Remarks. Valid species, teste Kobelt (1912b: 34), G.B. Sowerby III (1916: 69), Pilsbry &amp; Bequaert (1927: 200), Brown (1980: 54, 1994: 64) and Berthold (1991: 246), who all placed it in Lanistes subg. Leroya . The listing of “ farlanei. Crosse Afric. or.” by Paetel (1883: 76) is here considered a lapsus calami and unavailable.</p><p>foai</p><p>Lanistes Foai Germain, 1905a: 256 [1908: 671, text figs. 24, 25]. Type material —location unknown. Type locality —“le Haut-Congo”.</p><p>Remarks. Kobelt (1909: 79) listed it from Tanganyika [= Tanzania]. Valid species, teste G.B. Sowerby III (1916: 66). Synonym of nsendweensis Dupuis &amp; Putzeys, teste Pilsbry &amp; Bequaert (1927: 190), followed here.</p><p>+ fraternus</p><p>Lanistes congicus fraternus Pilsbry &amp; Bequaert, 1927: 189, pl. 18, fig. 16. Type material — holotype ANSP 133878 [(“133878a” (Baker 1964: 168)]; paratypes: ANSP 365365 (3 spms.). Type locality —“ Congo River, 2 to 3 kilometers below Kinshasa, on the Belgian side” [Democratic Republic of the Congo]. Distribution — Democratic Republic of the Congo (Pilsbry &amp; Bequaert 1927: 189), including Bas-Congo (Schwetz &amp; Dartevelde 1937: 570).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FFE6320A0AF560FF68CB2BAFA6FD89	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Cowie, Robert H.	Cowie, Robert H. (2015): The recent apple snails of Africa and Asia (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Ampullariidae: Afropomus, Forbesopomus, Lanistes, Pila, Saulea): a nomenclatural and type catalogue. The apple snails of the Americas: addenda and corrigenda. Zootaxa 3940 (1): 1-92, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3940.1.1
03FFE6320A15F560FF68CE69A961FC84.text	03FFE6320A15F560FF68CE69A961FC84.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Meladomus fultoni	<div><p>fultoni</p><p>Meladomus (Lanistes) fultoni Kobelt, 1912a: 6 [1912b: 28, pl. 27, figs. 1, 2]. 28. Type material — holotype [by monotypy]: SMF 7444. Type locality —“Victoria Nyanza” [Lake Victoria]. Distribution —Lake Victoria.</p><p>Remarks. The original description was based on a single specimen received from Sowerby and Fulton, which is the holotype by monotypy (Code, Art. 73.1.2). The specimen matches the illustration of Kobelt (1912b: pl. 27, figs. 1, 2). Valid species, teste Pilsbry &amp; Bequaert (1927: 186).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FFE6320A15F560FF68CE69A961FC84	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Cowie, Robert H.	Cowie, Robert H. (2015): The recent apple snails of Africa and Asia (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Ampullariidae: Afropomus, Forbesopomus, Lanistes, Pila, Saulea): a nomenclatural and type catalogue. The apple snails of the Americas: addenda and corrigenda. Zootaxa 3940 (1): 1-92, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3940.1.1
03FFE6320A15F561FF68C8A9A956FDF1.text	03FFE6320A15F561FF68C8A9A956FDF1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Lanistes graueri	<div><p>graueri</p><p>Lanistes graueri Thiele, 1911: 210 –211, pl. 5, fig. 50. Type material — syntypes: ZMB 109536 (2 spms., teste Köhler &amp; Glaubrecht (2006: 204)), SMF 7441 (1 spm.). Type locality —“Zentralafrika” [in publication title; eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, between Uvira and Kasongo (ZMB syntype label; Kobelt 1912b: 39; Köhler &amp; Glaubrecht 2006: 204)]. Distribution —eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo and possibly Tanzania (Brown, 1994: 66).</p><p>Remarks. The SMF specimen is not that figured by Thiele (R. Janssen pers. comm. 12 August 2014) but is the specimen illustrated by Kobelt (1911: pl. 26, figs. 8, 9). Possibly a variety (Thiele 1911: 214) or form (Pilsbry &amp; Bequaert 1927: 201) of stuhlmanni Martens. Synonym of stuhlmanni Martens, teste Dupuis &amp; Putzeys (1923: 79). Valid species, teste Kobelt (1912b: 38) and Brown (1980: 55, 1994: 66), followed here, who both placed it in Lanistes subg. Leroya .</p><p>gribinguiensis</p><p>Lanistes gribinguiensis Germain, 1905c: 487 [1907d: 534, pl. 5, fig. 15]. Type material —location unknown. Type locality —“Le Gribingui, dans l’Oubangui” [Gribingui River, Central African Republic]. Remarks. “Tschadsee” [Lake Chad] given in error as the locality by Kobelt (1909: 79), from the title of Germain’s publication. Synonym of nsendweensis Dupuis &amp; Putzeys, teste Brown (1980: 50, 1994: 60).</p><p>guinaica</p><p>Ampullaria guinaica Lamarck, 1822a: 178 . Type material — syntype (s): ZMUC GAS 289 (the specimen illustrated by Chemnitz, 1786: pl. 108, figs. 913, 914; as “ guinaica ”, unavailable), the specimen illustrated by Lamarck (1816: pl. 457, figs. 1a, b; as olivacea), these illustrations possibly being of the same specimen; possible syntypes: MHNG-INVE-51292 (formerly 1093/95) (2 spms., teste Y. Finet (pers. comm. 22 August 2002); see also Mermod (1952: 90)). Type locality —“dans les rivières de la Guinée ”.</p><p>Remarks. Reported from both Guinea and Nigeria by Nevill (1885: 14) and Dahomey [= Benin] by Germain (1918: 511, 513). Lamarck (1822a: 178) cited various previous works in his synonymy, and listed a number of available names derived from those publications: lusitanica Linnaeus, varica Müller and olivacea Lamarck. The oldest of these names is lusitanica Linnaeus, but this may not be an ampullariid (see lusitanica Linnaeus, herein), although guinaica Lamarck was synonymized with it by Paetel (1887: 479). Lamarck also cited Gualtieri (1742: pl. 2, fig. T) in synonymy, but questionably. Listed as “ guineensis, Chem.” by Adams &amp; Adams (1854: 349). Valid species, teste G.B. Sowerby III (1916: 66). Synonym of varica Müller, teste Pilsbry &amp; Bequaert (1927: 187), who noted that many authors had not adopted Müller’s earlier name, and, teste Brown (1980: 50, 1994: 60), followed here.</p><p>+ hessei</p><p>Meladomus (Lanistes) intortus var. hessei Kobelt, 1912b: 43, pl. 30a, figs. 6–8. Type material — syntypes: SMF 7446 (1 spm., figured), SMF 7447 (2 spms.). Type locality —“Kongomündung; bei Banana” [mouth of the Congo, near Banana]. Distribution —only known from the type locality.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FFE6320A15F561FF68C8A9A956FDF1	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Cowie, Robert H.	Cowie, Robert H. (2015): The recent apple snails of Africa and Asia (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Ampullariidae: Afropomus, Forbesopomus, Lanistes, Pila, Saulea): a nomenclatural and type catalogue. The apple snails of the Americas: addenda and corrigenda. Zootaxa 3940 (1): 1-92, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3940.1.1
03FFE6320A14F561FF68CEA1A87EFB79.text	03FFE6320A14F561FF68CEA1A87EFB79.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ampullaria holostoma	<div><p>holostoma</p><p>Ampullaria holostoma Morelet, 1860: 191 . Type material —location unknown. Type locality —“ Guineâ ”. Distribution —only known from the type locality.</p><p>Remarks. Valid species, teste G.B. Sowerby III (1916: 66) and Pilsbry &amp; Bequaert (1927: 187). The name holostoma is treated as a noun in apposition (Code, Art. 31.2.2). Locality given as “Haute-Guinée” and “Haute Guinée ” by Bourguignat (1879: 37, 1889: 176).</p><p>+ ingens</p><p>Meladomus ovum Variété. ingens Ancey, 1894: 223. Type material — holotype [by monotypy]: location unknown [not noted by Wood &amp; Gallichan (2008: 54)]. Type locality —“Karonga” [Malawi]. Distribution —no additional information.</p><p>innesi</p><p>Lanistes Innesi Pallary, 1902: 91, pl. 1, fig. 2. Type material —location unknown [not found in MNHN or NHMUK (cf. Dance 1986: 221)]. Type locality —“Le Haut-Nil” [in publication title]. Remarks. Valid species, teste Kobelt (1912b: 42) and G.B. Sowerby III (1916: 66). Synonym of ovum Troschel, teste Brown (1980: 54), followed here.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FFE6320A14F561FF68CEA1A87EFB79	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Cowie, Robert H.	Cowie, Robert H. (2015): The recent apple snails of Africa and Asia (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Ampullariidae: Afropomus, Forbesopomus, Lanistes, Pila, Saulea): a nomenclatural and type catalogue. The apple snails of the Americas: addenda and corrigenda. Zootaxa 3940 (1): 1-92, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3940.1.1
03FFE6320A14F562FF68C939AF23FDCA.text	03FFE6320A14F562FF68C939AF23FDCA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Meladomus intortus	<div><p>intortus</p><p>Ampullaria intorta Lamarck, 1816: pl. 457, fig. 4a, b [1822a: 179]. Type material — syntype: MHNG-INVE- 51297 (formerly 1093/100). Type locality —no locality given. Distribution — Gambia (Paetel 1887: 479), Democratic Republic of the Congo (Dupuis &amp; Putzeys 1902: LX), Lower Congo River (Pilsbry &amp; Bequaert 1927: 192–193).</p><p>Remarks. Mermod (1952: 92–95) discussed the single specimen in the Lamarck collection in MHNG, considering it to be “le Type ” and that it is faithfully represented by the illustrations of Lamarck (1816: pl. 457, fig. 4a, b). Binder (1957: 108) also referred to it as “Le type ”. However, neither citation of “ Type ”/” type ” is necessarily evidence that the specimen is a holotype (Code, Art. 72.4.7), they do not constitute lectotype designations (Code Arts. 74.5, 74.6) and, following the Code (Rec. 73F), a holotype should not be assumed. Therefore, it is here treated as a syntype, pending possible future designation as a lectotype. Binder (1957: 107–109) discussed the confused history of this species, arising primarily from the supposed misidentification of Lamarck’s species by Martens (1879: 191, pl. 157, figs. 1–3), Kobelt (1912b: 27, pl. 29, figs. 4–6) and Pilsbry &amp; Bequaert (1927: 192, pl. 18, figs. 2–4), and from the identification by Morelet (1848: 354) of his specimen of intorta Lamarck as a distinct species that he named libyca . To maintain stability of the usage of intorta sensu Martens and of libyca Morelet, Binder suppressed intorta Lamarck as a junior synonym of libyca Morelet. This treatement was followed by Brown (1980: 49, 1994: 59) and Berthold (1991: 246), and by Köhler &amp; Glaubrecht (2006: 206), who designated a lectotype (ZMB 39407a) and paralectotypes (ZMB 39407b (2 spms.), ZMB 111747 (1 spm.)) for intorta sensu Martens. However, according to the Code (Art. 49) a “previously established specific or subspecific name wrongly applied to denote a species-group taxon because of misidentification cannot be used as an available name for that taxon”. Hence, intorta Martens is unavailable and another name must be used for the taxon he actually treated, if indeed it is distinct from intorta Lamarck. The lectotype and paralectotypes designated by Köhler &amp; Glaubrecht (2006: 206) have no status. In addition, if libyca Morelet is in fact not distinct from intorta Lamarck, it must be treated as a junior synonym of intorta Lamarck. Binder’s interpretations require verification. Therefore this catalogue does not assess the status of intorta sensu Martens as either the same as intorta Lamarck or a misidentification of his material as intorta Lamarck; and it treats libyca Morelet as distinct from intorta Lamarck, following Pilsbry &amp; Bequaert (1927: 187, 192). Valid species, teste G.B. Sowerby III (1916: 66) and Pilsbry &amp; Bequaert (1927: 192), who both placed it in Lanistes s . str.</p><p>inversa</p><p>Ampullaria inversa Jay, 1836: 47 . Unavailable name: nom. nud.</p><p>Remarks. Name attributed to “Lam.” (= Lamarck) and the material stated as originating from Egypt. Listed here under Lanistes, as the name inversa probably reflects the superficially sinistral shell of this genus.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FFE6320A14F562FF68C939AF23FDCA	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Cowie, Robert H.	Cowie, Robert H. (2015): The recent apple snails of Africa and Asia (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Ampullariidae: Afropomus, Forbesopomus, Lanistes, Pila, Saulea): a nomenclatural and type catalogue. The apple snails of the Americas: addenda and corrigenda. Zootaxa 3940 (1): 1-92, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3940.1.1
03FFE6320A16F563FF68CE42A9B3FB79.text	03FFE6320A16F563FF68CE42A9B3FB79.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Meladomus libycus	<div><p>libycus</p><p>Ampullaria libyca Morelet, 1848: 354 . Type material — syntypes: MCZ 78074 (1 spm.), MNHN 4610 (3 spms.) and MNHN 4611 (2 spms.) (Cowie &amp; Héros 2012: 807), NHMUK 1893.2.4.1813–1816 (4 spms.), SMF 344088 (4 spms.). Type locality —“ Gabon ”. Distribution —coast of Guinea (Nevill 1885: 14), Gambia and Gabon (Gaudion 1880: 33), West Africa, coastal region from Ivory Coast to Gabon (Brown 1980: 51, 1994: 61); east coast of Africa (Gaudion 1880: 33; error).</p><p>Remarks. Valid species, teste Pilsbry &amp; Bequaert (1927: 187), Brown (1980: 51, 1994: 60) and Berthold (1991: 246), who all placed it in Lanistes s . str., and Cowie &amp; Héros (2012: 807), who simply placed it in Lanistes . Sometimes misspelled “ lybicus ” or “ lybica ” (e.g. Schaufuss 1869: 55; Dupuis &amp; Putzeys 1902: 51; Germain 1907d: 535; G.B. Sowerby III 1916: 67; Pilsbry &amp; Bequaert 1927: 183). Type species of Libyciana Bourguignat, here treated as a synonym of Lanistes Montfort.</p><p>luapulensis</p><p>Lanistes ellipticus Var. γ. luapulensis Furtado, 1886: 151. Type material — holotype [by monotypy: “un exemplaire unique”]: MNHN 4714 (Cowie &amp; Héros 2012: 807). Type locality —“Rivière Luapula” [Zambia or Democratic Republic of the Congo].</p><p>Remarks. Synonym of ovum Troschel [as “Peters”], teste Mandahl-Barth (1968: 31), followed here. Valid subspecies of ellipticus Martens, teste Cowie &amp; Héros (2012: 807) .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FFE6320A16F563FF68CE42A9B3FB79	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Cowie, Robert H.	Cowie, Robert H. (2015): The recent apple snails of Africa and Asia (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Ampullariidae: Afropomus, Forbesopomus, Lanistes, Pila, Saulea): a nomenclatural and type catalogue. The apple snails of the Americas: addenda and corrigenda. Zootaxa 3940 (1): 1-92, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3940.1.1
03FFE6320A16F563FF68CD2AA946FDAD.text	03FFE6320A16F563FF68CD2AA946FDAD.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pila letourneuxi	<div><p>letourneuxi</p><p>Meladomus Letourneuxi Bourguignat, 1879: 41 . Type material — syntype: MHNG-INVE- 111668 (1 spm.). Type locality —“les bords du Nil, près de Damiette” [the banks of the Nile, near Damietta]. Distribution —Nile Delta, Egypt.</p><p>Remarks. Only known from the original description and the more detailed description and illustration of Berthier (1885: 101, pl. 6, fig. 4), who gave an additional location, “Mansourah”, in the Nile Delta. Kobelt (1911: 22) mistakenly reported the locality as that of Ampullaria letourneuxi Bourguignat, 1879 (listed under Pila herein), which was described in the same publication as Meladomus letourneuxi Bourguignat, 1879 . Valid species, teste G.B. Sowerby III (1916: 67) and Pilsbry &amp; Bequaert (1927: 187).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FFE6320A16F563FF68CD2AA946FDAD	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Cowie, Robert H.	Cowie, Robert H. (2015): The recent apple snails of Africa and Asia (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Ampullariidae: Afropomus, Forbesopomus, Lanistes, Pila, Saulea): a nomenclatural and type catalogue. The apple snails of the Americas: addenda and corrigenda. Zootaxa 3940 (1): 1-92, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3940.1.1
03FFE6320A16F564FF68C939AE6DFD61.text	03FFE6320A16F564FF68C939AE6DFD61.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Lanistes magnus	<div><p>magnus</p><p>Lanistes magnus Furtado, 1886: 147 . Type material — holotype [by monotypy]: MNHN 4607 (Fischer-Piette 1950: 155; Cowie &amp; Héros 2012: 808). Type locality —“Rivière Luapula” [Zambia or Democratic Republic of the Congo]. Distribution —no additional information.</p><p>Remarks. A giant form of procerus Martens, teste Pilsbry &amp; Bequaert (1927: 198). Synonym of procerus Martens, teste Germain (1907d: 532). Synonym of ovum Peters, teste Mandahl-Barth (1968: 31). Valid species, teste G.B. Sowerby III (1916: 67) and Cowie &amp; Héros (2012: 808), followed here. Listed by Paetel (1887: 479) as magnus “Cross.”.</p><p>major</p><p>Lanistes procerus forme major Germain, 1907a: 233 . Unavailable name: first published as a junior synonym of magnus Furtado; not treated as an available name or adopted as the name of a taxon before 1961 (Code, Art. 11.6).</p><p>+ major</p><p>Lanistes ovum variété. major Germain, 1907c: 427 . Type material —location unknown. Type locality —“l’Afrique équatoriale” [in publication title]. Distribution —no additional information. Remarks. Pilsbry &amp; Bequaert (1927: 196) gave “Bamu Island in the Stanley Pool” as the type locality, based on material in the Roubaud collection.</p><p>manyarana</p><p>Lanistes affinis Smith var. Manyarana Sturany, 1894: 310, pl. 24, fig. 32. Type material — holotype [by monotypy: “ein einziges Exemplar”]: location unknown. Type locality —“Manyara-See” [Lake Manyara, Tanzania] (Sturany 1894: 309).</p><p>Remarks. Variety of ovum Troschel, teste Kobelt (1909: 79). Synonym of ovum Troschel, teste G.B. Sowerby III (1916: 68; as “ manayarana ”), followed here.</p><p>martensianus</p><p>Lanistes martensianus Martens, 1897a: 167 . Unavailable name: first published as a junior synonym of grasseti Morelet; not treated as an available name or adopted as the name of a taxon before 1961 (Code, Art. 11.6). Remarks. Name attributed to “Maltzan, Mscr.”.</p><p>+ mayumbae</p><p>Lanistes congicus Boettger var. Mayumbae Dartevelle, 1934: 413. Type material — syntypes: the specimens described and illustrated by Pilsbry &amp; Bequaert (1927: 189, pl. 18, figs. 13–15), MCZ 103889 (2 spms.). Type locality —“Tchimpanga, riv. Mavuma; Weka, riv. Chimazenze”; “Bassin du Shiloango” [in publication title; = Bas- Congo, Democratic Republic of the Congo]. Distribution —no additional information.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FFE6320A16F564FF68C939AE6DFD61	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Cowie, Robert H.	Cowie, Robert H. (2015): The recent apple snails of Africa and Asia (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Ampullariidae: Afropomus, Forbesopomus, Lanistes, Pila, Saulea): a nomenclatural and type catalogue. The apple snails of the Americas: addenda and corrigenda. Zootaxa 3940 (1): 1-92, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3940.1.1
03FFE6320A11F564FF68CF31AEAEFAE9.text	03FFE6320A11F564FF68CF31AEAEFAE9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Lanistes millestriatus	<div><p>millestriatus</p><p>Lanistes millestriatus Pilsbry &amp; Bequaert, 1927: 188, pl. 18, fig. 5. Type material — holotype [by monotypy; based explicitly on a single catalogued specimen]: ANSP 120396. Type locality —“West Africa”. Distribution —no additional information.</p><p>Remarks. Brown (1994: 60) treated it under varicus Müller but did not clearly synonymize it.</p><p>+ minor</p><p>Lanistes procerus variété minor Germain, 1907d: 532. Type material —location unknown. Type locality —“le Mamoun (pays de Senoussi)” [northern Central African Republic]. Distribution —no additional information.</p><p>mweruensis</p><p>Lanistes (Meladomus) ovum mweruensis Pain, 1954: 3, figs. 5–7. Type material — holotype [by original designation]: MCZ 109842; paratypes: MCZ 185682 (1 spm.), MCZ 185683 (14 spms.), MCZ 152483 (6 spms.), MCZ 152346 (1 spm.), MRAC 554469 (2 spms.), NMW.Z.1981.118.00219 (6 spms.), NMW.Z.1981.118.00234 (1 spm.). Type locality —“ Belgian Congo: Lake Mweru (or Moero) at Kilwa” [Democratic Republic of the Congo].</p><p>Remarks. Paratypes from various locations in Lake Mweru: “Katenge near Kilwa”, “Pweto”, “Moba (Chamfubu River), near Pweto”. Synonym of ovum Peters, teste Mandahl-Barth (1968: 31).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FFE6320A11F564FF68CF31AEAEFAE9	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Cowie, Robert H.	Cowie, Robert H. (2015): The recent apple snails of Africa and Asia (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Ampullariidae: Afropomus, Forbesopomus, Lanistes, Pila, Saulea): a nomenclatural and type catalogue. The apple snails of the Americas: addenda and corrigenda. Zootaxa 3940 (1): 1-92, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3940.1.1
03FFE6320A11F564FF68C98CA858F8FB.text	03FFE6320A11F564FF68C98CA858F8FB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Lanistes nasutus	<div><p>nasutus</p><p>Lanistes nasutus Mandahl-Barth, 1972: 265, pl. 6, fig. 12. Type material — holotype [by original designation]: MRAC 796870; paratype: MRAC 796871 (1 spm.). Type locality —“Lake Malawi 5 miles north-east of Monkey Bay at 270 feet ”. Distribution —endemic to Lake Malawi (Brown 1980: 52, 1994: 62; Berthold 1990: 48).</p><p>Remarks. Mandahl-Barth (1972: 266) noted nine specimens from the type locality and two from “north of Boadzula Isl. 150 feet ”, a total of 11 specimens. He specifically identified the holotype and only one paratype, in MRAC, the other nine specimens are therefore not paratypes, as the separate mention of the latter expressly excludes them from the type series (Code, Art. 72.4.6). Six of these are ZMUC GAS 1713. However, this ZMUC lot does contain an additional three specimens but they are orthostrophic and therefore not Lanistes . Whether they are the remaining three of the 11 original specimens is not known and requires further research. All the MRAC and ZMUC specimens are supposedly from the type locality, so the whereabouts of the specimens from “north of Boadzula Isl.” also requires further research. Valid species, teste Brown (1980: 52, 1994: 62) and Berthold (1991: 246), who both placed it in Lanistes s . str.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FFE6320A11F564FF68C98CA858F8FB	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Cowie, Robert H.	Cowie, Robert H. (2015): The recent apple snails of Africa and Asia (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Ampullariidae: Afropomus, Forbesopomus, Lanistes, Pila, Saulea): a nomenclatural and type catalogue. The apple snails of the Americas: addenda and corrigenda. Zootaxa 3940 (1): 1-92, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3940.1.1
03FFE6320A11F565FF68CBBBA8B1FE19.text	03FFE6320A11F565FF68CBBBA8B1FE19.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Lanistes neavei	<div><p>neavei</p><p>Lanistes neavei Melvill &amp; Standen, 1907: 6, un-numbered pl., fig. 1. Type material — syntypes: MCZ 173050 (2 spms.), MMUE EE.7815 (1 spm., figured), MMUE EE.7816 (7 spms.) (McGhie 2008: 24), NMW.Z.1981.118.00113 (2 spms.), NMW.Z.1981.118.00553 (2 spms.), NMW.1955.158.01098 (2 spms), USNM 708877 (1 spm., labelled “ paralectotype ” but no lectotype appears to have been designated). Type locality —“Kapopo” [southwest of Ndola, Zambia (Neave 1907: un-numbered pl.]. Distribution — Zambia, southeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo (Brown 1980: 50, 1994: 60).</p><p>Remarks. Valid species, teste G.B. Sowerby III (1916: 67), Pilsbry &amp; Bequaert (1927: 187), Brown (1980: 50, 1994: 60) and Berthold (1991: 246), who all placed it in Lanistes s . str. The name leavei Kobelt (1909: 79) is considered a lapsus calami and unavailable.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FFE6320A11F565FF68CBBBA8B1FE19	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Cowie, Robert H.	Cowie, Robert H. (2015): The recent apple snails of Africa and Asia (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Ampullariidae: Afropomus, Forbesopomus, Lanistes, Pila, Saulea): a nomenclatural and type catalogue. The apple snails of the Americas: addenda and corrigenda. Zootaxa 3940 (1): 1-92, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3940.1.1
03FFE6320A10F565FF68CD99AF2BFD5C.text	03FFE6320A10F565FF68CD99AF2BFD5C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Lanistes neritoides	<div><p>neritoides</p><p>Lanistes neritoides Brown &amp; Berthold, 1990: 123, figs. 1–10, 11a–e, 12–37. Type material — holotype [by original designation]: MNHN 4515; paratypes: MNHN 4516 (20 spms., including 15 separate opercula), MNHN 4517 (28 spms., in alcohol), NHMUK 1989.127 (2 spms.), NHMUK 1989.128 (2 spms., in alcohol), Danish Bilharziasis Laboratory, Charlottenlund (2 spms.) (Brown &amp; Berthold 1990: 121; Cowie &amp; Héros 2012: 808). Type locality —“Region de Sounda (District de Kayes, 85 kms au N.E. de Pointe Noire), fleuve Kouilou – affluent du Kouilou: la Mombi” [Republic of the Congo]. Distribution —only known from the type locality (Brown 1994: 66).</p><p>Remarks. Valid species, teste Brown (1994: 66), followed by Cowie &amp; Héros (2012: 808) and here.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FFE6320A10F565FF68CD99AF2BFD5C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Cowie, Robert H.	Cowie, Robert H. (2015): The recent apple snails of Africa and Asia (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Ampullariidae: Afropomus, Forbesopomus, Lanistes, Pila, Saulea): a nomenclatural and type catalogue. The apple snails of the Americas: addenda and corrigenda. Zootaxa 3940 (1): 1-92, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3940.1.1
03FFE6320A10F565FF68C9C1AF22F895.text	03FFE6320A10F565FF68C9C1AF22F895.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Lanistes nsendweensis	<div><p>nsendweensis</p><p>Lanistes lybicus [sic], Mor. Var. nsendweensis Dupuis &amp; Putzeys, 1902: 51 –52, fig. 27. Type material — syntypes: ZMB 52762 (4 spms.) (Köhler &amp; Glaubrecht 2006: 207); possible syntype: NHMUK 1981148 (1 spm.). Type locality —“Nsendwe, Nyangwe et Kasongo dans le Lualaba”; “ Congo ” [in publication title]. Distribution —eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, Central African Republic (Brown 1980: 50, 1994: 60).</p><p>Remarks. Synonym of libyca Morelet, teste G.B. Sowerby III (1916: 67). Valid species, teste Kobelt (1912b: 41), who placed it in Meladomus, and Pilsbry &amp; Bequaert (1927: 190), Brown (1994: 60) and Berthold (1991: 246), who all placed it in Lanistes s . str. Also treated as a valid species by Köhler &amp; Glaubrecht (2006: 207).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FFE6320A10F565FF68C9C1AF22F895	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Cowie, Robert H.	Cowie, Robert H. (2015): The recent apple snails of Africa and Asia (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Ampullariidae: Afropomus, Forbesopomus, Lanistes, Pila, Saulea): a nomenclatural and type catalogue. The apple snails of the Americas: addenda and corrigenda. Zootaxa 3940 (1): 1-92, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3940.1.1
03FFE6320A10F565FF68C84AA89EFA51.text	03FFE6320A10F565FF68C84AA89EFA51.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Meladomus nitidissimus	<div><p>nitidissimus</p><p>Meladomus nitidissimus Bourguignat, 1889: 171 –172. Type material — syntypes: MNHG-INVE-11675 (1 spm.), MHNG-INVE-11676 (1 spm.). Type locality —“rive gauche du Kyngani, près de Bagamoyo, et rivières de la haute vallée du Vouami, aux environs de Kondoa (Ousaghara), ainsi que dans la plaine marécageuse de l’Ouha, sur la rive du Roussoughi” [left bank of the Kingani (= Ruvu) River, near Bagamoyo, and rivers of the upper valley of the Wami, in the environs of Kondoa (Usagara), as well as in the marshy plain of the Ouha (Uha) on the bank of the Roussoughi (Russugi); Tanzania]. Distribution —no additional information.</p><p>Remarks. An immature purpurea Jonas, teste Martens (1897a: 164), or a variety of purpurea Jonas, teste Kobelt (1909: 79). Synonym of olivacea G.B. Sowerby I, teste G.B. Sowerby III (1916: 68). Valid species, teste Pilsbry &amp; Bequaert (1927: 194), followed here.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FFE6320A10F565FF68C84AA89EFA51	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Cowie, Robert H.	Cowie, Robert H. (2015): The recent apple snails of Africa and Asia (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Ampullariidae: Afropomus, Forbesopomus, Lanistes, Pila, Saulea): a nomenclatural and type catalogue. The apple snails of the Americas: addenda and corrigenda. Zootaxa 3940 (1): 1-92, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3940.1.1
03FFE6320A10F566FF68CB1AAE31FDAC.text	03FFE6320A10F566FF68CB1AAE31FDAC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Lanistes nyassanus	<div><p>nyassanus</p><p>Lanistes nyassanus Dohrn, 1865: 233 . Type material —location unknown [possibly destroyed, not found in MCZ or NHMUK (cf. Dance 1986: 210)]. Type locality —“south end of Nyassa... Lake Pamolombue” [south end of Lake Malawi ... Lake Malombe]. Distribution —no additional information.</p><p>Remarks. Gaudion (1880: 35) and Bourguignat (1879: 39) both listed it from the Zambezi, probably considering the type locality part of the Zambezi system, although it is the Shire River, a tributary of the Zambezi, that connects Lakes Malawi and Malombe, and Dohrn (1865: 233) explicitly said it was not found in the Zambezi. Brown (1980: 52, 1994: 61) and Berthold (1990: 48) incorrectly stated that it was endemic to Lake Malawi. Valid species, teste Kobelt (1911: 17), who placed it in Meladomus, and G.B. Sowerby III (1916: 67), Pilsbry &amp; Bequaert (1927: 187), Brown (1980: 52, 1994: 61) and Berthold (1991: 246), who all placed it in Lanistes s . str. Type species of Nyassana Bourguignat, here synonymized with Lanistes Montfort.</p><p>olivacea</p><p>Ampullaria olivacea Lamarck, 1816: 12, pl. 457, figs. 1a, b. Type material —location unknown [not listed in MNHG (Mermod 1952: 97)]. Type locality —[no locality given].</p><p>Remarks. Lamarck (1822a: 178) listed olivacea Lamarck in the synonymy of guinaica Lamarck. Synonym of varica Müller, teste Pilsbry &amp; Bequaert (1927: 187; as “Bory de St. Vincent ”).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FFE6320A10F566FF68CB1AAE31FDAC	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Cowie, Robert H.	Cowie, Robert H. (2015): The recent apple snails of Africa and Asia (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Ampullariidae: Afropomus, Forbesopomus, Lanistes, Pila, Saulea): a nomenclatural and type catalogue. The apple snails of the Americas: addenda and corrigenda. Zootaxa 3940 (1): 1-92, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3940.1.1
03FFE6320A13F566FF68CAB7AE1AF867.text	03FFE6320A13F566FF68CAB7AE1AF867.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ampullaria palustris	<div><p>palustris</p><p>Ampullaria palustris Morelet, 1864: 158 . Type material — syntypes: NHMUK 1893.2.4.1712-1715 (4 spms.). Type locality —“in lacu Ebrie Senegalensi”. Distribution — Ivory Coast (Pilsbry &amp; Bequaert 1927: 187). Remarks. Valid species, teste G.B. Sowerby III (1910: 61, 1916: 68) and Pilsbry &amp; Bequaert (1927: 187).</p><p>perfecta</p><p>Lanistes bolteni variété perfecta Pallary, 1909: 62. Type material — syntypes: MCZ 109235 (2 spms.), RBINS MT 2037 (2 spms.) [none found in MNHN or NHMUK (cf. Dance 1986: 221)]. Type locality —“l’Égypte” [in publication title].</p><p>Remarks. Synonym of carinata Olivier, teste Pilsbry &amp; Bequaert (1927: 186).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FFE6320A13F566FF68CAB7AE1AF867	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Cowie, Robert H.	Cowie, Robert H. (2015): The recent apple snails of Africa and Asia (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Ampullariidae: Afropomus, Forbesopomus, Lanistes, Pila, Saulea): a nomenclatural and type catalogue. The apple snails of the Americas: addenda and corrigenda. Zootaxa 3940 (1): 1-92, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3940.1.1
03FFE6320A13F566FF68CE42AB83FBC9.text	03FFE6320A13F566FF68CE42AB83FBC9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Lanistes olivaceus	<div><p>olivaceus</p><p>Paludina olivacea G.B. Sowerby I, 1825: appendix ix [1834: pl. 183]. Type material — holotype [by monotypy: “the only specimen”]—location unknown (Connolly 1939: 557). Type locality —“Locality unknown”. Distribution — Zanzibar, Mozambique (Paetel 1887: 480; Connolly 1939: 557).</p><p>Remarks. Valid species, teste G.B. Sowerby III (1916: 68). Undeterminable, teste Pilsbry &amp; Bequaert (1927: 195) and Haas (1936: 34). May be either ovum Troschel or purpureus Jonas but not olivacea Lamarck, teste Pilsbry &amp; Bequaert (1927: 195).</p><p>olivierii</p><p>Lanistes Oliverii [lapsus calami pro Olivierii] Montfort, 1810: 123 [un-numbered figure, p. 122]. Type material —as for carinata Olivier. Type locality —as for carinata Olivier.</p><p>Remarks. The name olivierii was introduced to replace carinata Olivier [as “ carinatans ”] in homage to Olivier. As it was intended as the valid name of the taxon it is available (Code, Art. 11.5), but nonetheless a junior synonym of carinata Olivier, 1804 .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FFE6320A13F566FF68CE42AB83FBC9	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Cowie, Robert H.	Cowie, Robert H. (2015): The recent apple snails of Africa and Asia (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Ampullariidae: Afropomus, Forbesopomus, Lanistes, Pila, Saulea): a nomenclatural and type catalogue. The apple snails of the Americas: addenda and corrigenda. Zootaxa 3940 (1): 1-92, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3940.1.1
03FFE6320A13F566FF68C8A9A87FF9E5.text	03FFE6320A13F566FF68C8A9A87FF9E5.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Lanistes ovum	<div><p>ovum</p><p>Lanistes ovum Troschel, 1845: 215 . Type material — lectotype (Köhler &amp; Glaubrecht 2006: 208, fig. 2l): ZMB 111748 a; paralectotypes ZMB 111748 b (2 spms.), ZMB 109592 (3 spms.), ZMB 6694 (4 spms., soft bodies in alcohol, probably belonging to the shells of ZMB 111748), ZMB 3887 (3 spms.), NHMUK 196279 (1 spm.). Type locality —“Tete”, “ Mozambique ”. Distribution —southern Sudan [now probably South Sudan], southern Somalia, coastal Kenya and southwards to northeastern Natal and northern Botswana; westwards through Chad to southwestern Nigeria; southwestwards to Angola and the Okavango Delta (Brown 1980: 54, 1994: 63); also South Africa and Zimbabwe (Connolly 1939: 555), and Madagascar, teste Starmühlner (1969: 118), though not Fischer &amp; Vukadinovic (1974: 349).</p><p>Remarks. Name attributed to Peters by Troschel but Köhler &amp; Glaubrecht (2006: 208) considered that Peters was only the collector. By designating the lectotype, Köhler &amp; Glaubrecht (2006: 208) restricted the type locality to Tete, although paralectotypes are also from Sena. Valid species, teste G.B. Sowerby III (1916: 67), who placed it in Lanistes s. str ., and Pilsbry &amp; Bequaert (1927: 196), Brown (1980: 52, 1994: 62) and Berthold (1991: 246), who all placed it in Lanistes subg. Meladomus .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FFE6320A13F566FF68C8A9A87FF9E5	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Cowie, Robert H.	Cowie, Robert H. (2015): The recent apple snails of Africa and Asia (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Ampullariidae: Afropomus, Forbesopomus, Lanistes, Pila, Saulea): a nomenclatural and type catalogue. The apple snails of the Americas: addenda and corrigenda. Zootaxa 3940 (1): 1-92, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3940.1.1
03FFE6320A12F567FF68CDF2A919F9C1.text	03FFE6320A12F567FF68CDF2A919F9C1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Lanistes pilsbryi	<div><p>pilsbryi</p><p>Lanistes pilsbryi Walker, 1925: 5, pl. 1, fig. 1. Type material — holotype [by original designation]: UMMZ 93278; paratypes: UMMZ 93279 (5 spms.), ANSP 134963 (1 spm.), NMW.Z.1981.118.00289 (1 spm.). Type locality —“So River, Ebolowa, Cameroon ”. Distribution —no additional information.</p><p>plicosus</p><p>Lanistes plicosus Martens, 1879: 191, pl. 156, figs. 3–5. Type material — syntype: SMF 7464 (1 spm.). Type locality —[no locality given].</p><p>Remarks. Zanzibar given as locality by Kobelt (1881: 52). Synonym of intorta Lamarck and of grasseti Morelet, teste G.B. Sowerby III (1916: 66) and Pilsbry &amp; Bequaert (1927: 194), respectively. The name plicatus Kobelt (1909: 79) is here considered a lapsus calami and unavailable.</p><p>+ plicosus</p><p>Lanistes ovum Var. plicosus Martens, 1897a: 167 . Type material — lectotype (Köhler &amp; Glaubrecht 2006: 208, fig. 3c): ZMB 109533a; paralectotypes ZMB 109533b (2 spms.), ZMB 43369 (2 spms.), SMF 7464 (1 spm.). Type locality —“zwischen Tabora und Tanganyika” [between Tabora and [Lake] Tanganyika, Tanzania] [“Tanga” on lectotype label; Köhler &amp; Glaubrecht 2006: 208]. Distribution —no additional information.</p><p>Remarks. By designating the lectotype, Köhler &amp; Glaubrecht (2006: 208) restricted the type locality; paralectotypes are also from “Ilindi in Ugogo”. Described as new (“n.”) by Martens (1897a: 167) and not intended as the same taxon as plicosus Martens, 1879, as recognized by Pilsbry &amp; Bequaert (1927: 194), although Kobelt (1911: 12) synonymized them. Junior primary homonym of plicosus Martens, 1879 . No replacement name provided here, pending further research.</p><p>procerus</p><p>Lanistes olivaceus var. procerus Martens, 1866: 292, pl. 71, figs. 1, 2. Type material — lectotype (Köhler &amp; Glaubrecht 2006: 210, fig. 3e): ZMB 8570a; paralectotypes: FMNH 108038 (2 spms.), ZMB 8570b. Type locality —“localité inconnue” [unknown].</p><p>Remarks. Variety of olivacea G.B. Sowerby I, teste Paetel (1887: 480), Dupuis &amp; Putzeys (1902: 58) and Kobelt (1909: 79, 1911: 6). Synonym of olivacea G.B. Sowerby I, teste Paetel (1888: 481), G.B. Sowerby III (1916: 68) and Connolly (1939: 557). Subspecies of ovum Troschel, teste Haas (1936: 36). Valid species, teste Germain (1907b: 116, 1907d: 531) and Pilsbry &amp; Bequaert (1927: 197). Synonym of ovum Troschel, teste Mandahl-Barth (1968: 31) and Brown (1980: 52, 1994: 63), followed here.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FFE6320A12F567FF68CDF2A919F9C1	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Cowie, Robert H.	Cowie, Robert H. (2015): The recent apple snails of Africa and Asia (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Ampullariidae: Afropomus, Forbesopomus, Lanistes, Pila, Saulea): a nomenclatural and type catalogue. The apple snails of the Americas: addenda and corrigenda. Zootaxa 3940 (1): 1-92, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3940.1.1
03FFE6320A12F567FF68CA54A897F847.text	03FFE6320A12F567FF68CA54A897F847.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Meladomus purpureus	<div><p>purpureus</p><p>Ampullaria purpurea Jonas, 1839: 342, pl. 10, fig. 1. Type material —ZMB [“Zool. Mus. Berlin” (Connolly 1912: 259), but not mentioned by Köhler &amp; Glaubrecht (2006) and not found in 2014]. Type locality —“Schwanenflufs in Australien ” [Swan River, Australia; error; = Madagascar (Troschel 1845: 216)]. Distribution — Madagascar (Troschel 1845: 216), Zanzibar and Bagamoyo [Tanzania] (Philippi 1851: 22; Martens 1897b: 116), Mozambique (Dohrn 1865: 233; Paetel 1873: 65, 1883: 76, 1888: 481).</p><p>Remarks. Synonym of olivacea G.B. Sowerby I, teste G.B. Sowerby III (1916: 68) and Connolly (1939: 556). Possible senior synonym of ovum Troschel, teste Brown (1980: 54) but purpurea and ovum both treated as valid species by Pilsbry &amp; Bequaert (1927: 195), Brown (1994: 63) and Berthold (1991: 246), followed here, who all placed purpurea in Lanistes subg. Meladomus .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FFE6320A12F567FF68CA54A897F847	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Cowie, Robert H.	Cowie, Robert H. (2015): The recent apple snails of Africa and Asia (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Ampullariidae: Afropomus, Forbesopomus, Lanistes, Pila, Saulea): a nomenclatural and type catalogue. The apple snails of the Americas: addenda and corrigenda. Zootaxa 3940 (1): 1-92, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3940.1.1
03FFE6320A1DF568FF68CCB9A89CFAC5.text	03FFE6320A1DF568FF68CCB9A89CFAC5.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Meladomus pyramidalis	<div><p>pyramidalis</p><p>Meladomus pyramidalis Bourguignat, 1879: 36 . Type material — syntypes: MHNG-INVE- 111678 (2 spms.), MNHN 4624. Type locality —“le fleuve Kyngani, près de Bagamoyo, vis-à-vis de l’île de Zanzibar ” [Kingani (= Ruvu) River, near Bagamoyo, facing Zanzibar island, Tanzania] [“ Zanzibar ”, MNHN 4624]. Distribution —no additional information.</p><p>Remarks. Name attributed to “Letourneux, mss” by Bourguignat. Variety of purpurea Jonas, teste Kobelt (1909: 79). Synonym of olivacea G.B. Sowerby I, teste G.B. Sowerby III (1916: 68). Valid species, teste Kobelt (1911: 7) and Pilsbry &amp; Bequaert (1927: 199), followed by Cowie &amp; Héros (2012: 816) and here. Type species of Meladomus Swainson, here treated as a synonym of Lanistes Montfort.</p><p>sanagaensis</p><p>Lanistes (Lanistes) sanagaensis Clench, 1929: 120, pl. 1, figs. 7, 8. Type material — holotype [by original designation]: MCZ 78064; paratype: MCZ 78065 (1 spm.). Type locality —“Sanaga River, near Sakbayeme” [Cameroon].</p><p>Remarks. Synonym of libyca Morelet, teste Brown (1980: 51, 1994: 61).</p><p>+ schepmani</p><p>Lanistes congicus Schepm. var. schepmani C.R. Boettger, 1913: 104 [name made available by bibliographic reference to Schepman (1891: 111–112, pl. 8, figs. 1a–c)]. Type material — holotype (possible) and paratypes: MCZ 97957 (2 spms.), RMNH 55230 (14 spms.), SMF 7456 (2 spms.), ZMA 1367138 (3 spms.); possible paratypes: ANSP 146197 (4 spms.). Type locality —“Landana” [Cabinda Province, Angola]. Distribution —no additional information.</p><p>Remarks. Boettger (1913: 104) introduced the name by reference to Schepman (1891: 111–112, pl. 8, figs. 1, 2), referring to the shell in pl. 8, figs. 1a–c as the “Original”, which in the German of the time is to be interpreted as “some equivalent expression” to holotype or “the type ” (Code, Art. 73.1.1). He also referred to the four sets of measurements given by Schepman, but also referred more generally to Schepman’s material in the Leiden Museum (RMNH). Horst &amp; Schepman (1899: 321) listed 16 specimens in RMNH, two of which are presumed to have been sent to the MCZ, thus leaving 14 now at RMNH. The three ZMA specimens (now also at RMNH) are from Schepman’s private collection. Schepman sent at least two additional specimens to Boettger, presumably those now in SMF and noted by Boettger (1913: 104) as “Cotypen”. Thus all these specimens from Landana are here considered to constitute the type series. Further research is necessary to ascertain which specimen (if any of these) is the holotype, which was fixed by Boettger (1913: 104) as the specimen illustrated by Schepman (1891: pl. 8, fig. 1a–c). Also spelled “ schepmanni ” by Boettger (1913: 104), here considered a lapsus calami. Variety of congicus Boettger, teste Pilsbry &amp; Bequaert (1927: 190).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FFE6320A1DF568FF68CCB9A89CFAC5	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Cowie, Robert H.	Cowie, Robert H. (2015): The recent apple snails of Africa and Asia (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Ampullariidae: Afropomus, Forbesopomus, Lanistes, Pila, Saulea): a nomenclatural and type catalogue. The apple snails of the Americas: addenda and corrigenda. Zootaxa 3940 (1): 1-92, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3940.1.1
03FFE6320A1CF569FF68CEA1AF08FC59.text	03FFE6320A1CF569FF68CEA1AF08FC59.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Lanistes solidus	<div><p>solidus</p><p>Lanistes solidus Smith, 1878: 716, pl. 74, figs. 10, 11. Type material — syntypes: NHMUK 1877.9.28.24 (2 spms.). Type locality —“Lake Nyassa” [in publication title]. Distribution —endemic to Lake Malawi (Brown 1980: 54, 1994: 61; Berthold 1990: 48).</p><p>Remarks. Variety of ellipticus Martens, teste Kobelt (1909: 78). Synonym of ellipticus Martens, teste Connolly (1912: 257). Synonym of procerus Martens, teste Haas (1936: 36). Valid species, teste Kobelt (1912b: 10), G.B. Sowerby III (1916: 68) and Pilsbry &amp; Bequaert (1927: 187), who placed it in Lanistes s . str., and Brown (1980: 54, 1994: 61) and Berthold (1991: 246), who both placed it in Lanistes subg. Meladomus . Here treated as a valid species, following these authors. Misspelled as “ solidulus ” by Gaudion (1880: 40) and Paetel (1888: 481).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FFE6320A1CF569FF68CEA1AF08FC59	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Cowie, Robert H.	Cowie, Robert H. (2015): The recent apple snails of Africa and Asia (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Ampullariidae: Afropomus, Forbesopomus, Lanistes, Pila, Saulea): a nomenclatural and type catalogue. The apple snails of the Americas: addenda and corrigenda. Zootaxa 3940 (1): 1-92, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3940.1.1
03FFE6320A1CF569FF68CFD9AEEFFB55.text	03FFE6320A1CF569FF68CFD9AEEFFB55.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Lanistes stuhlmanni	<div><p>stuhlmanni</p><p>Lanistes (Leroya) stuhlmanni Martens, 1897a: 171, pl. 6, fig. 37. Type material — lectotype (Köhler &amp; Glaubrecht 2006: 211, fig. 3l): ZMB 54311a; paralectotypes: ZMB 54311b (2 spms.). Type locality —“Dar-es- Salaam, auf dem Markt [from the market]”. Distribution —eastern Tanzania (Brown 1994: 66).</p><p>Remarks. Valid species, teste Dupuis &amp; Putzeys (1902: 60), Kobelt (1912b: 33), G.B. Sowerby III (1916: 69), Brown (1980: 55, 1994: 65) and Berthold (1991: 246), who all placed it in Lanistes subg. Leroya .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FFE6320A1CF569FF68CFD9AEEFFB55	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Cowie, Robert H.	Cowie, Robert H. (2015): The recent apple snails of Africa and Asia (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Ampullariidae: Afropomus, Forbesopomus, Lanistes, Pila, Saulea): a nomenclatural and type catalogue. The apple snails of the Americas: addenda and corrigenda. Zootaxa 3940 (1): 1-92, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3940.1.1
03FFE6320A1FF56AFF68C912ABA0F805.text	03FFE6320A1FF56AFF68C912ABA0F805.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Meladomus vignoni	<div><p>vignoni</p><p>Meladomus vignoni Bourguignat, 1889: 177 [name made available by bibliographic reference to bernardianus Martens (1866: 286, pl. 70, figs. 1–4) non Morelet]. Type material — holotype [by monotypy: “Das beschreibene Exemplar”; Martens (1866: 286)]: SMNS [“Stuttgarter Naturalienkabinet” (Martens 1866: 286), not found in 2014]. Type locality —“Lagos Guineae superioris” (Martens 1866: 286). Distribution —“Haute Guinée ” (Bourguignat 1889: 177), “lac Tchad ” (Germain 1907d: 536).</p><p>Remarks. Form of libyca Morelet, teste Kobelt (1911: 21). Synonym of libyca Morelet, teste G.B. Sowerby III (1916: 67). Valid species, teste Pilsbry &amp; Bequaert (1927: 188), followed here.</p><p>zambesianus</p><p>Lanistes Zambesianus Furtado, 1886: 148 –150, pl. 7, figs. 1, 1a, 1b. Type material — holotype [by monotypy: “Un seul exemplaire”]: MNHN 4525. Type locality —“Fleuve Zambèse, au-dessous de Tete” [Zambezi River, below Tete, Mozambique].</p><p>Remarks. Synonym of ellipticus Martens, teste Germain (1907d: 534, 1908: 670), Kobelt (1909: 78; 1911: 8) and Connolly (1912: 257), followed by Cowie &amp; Héros (2012: 819) and here. Synonym of ovum Troschel, teste G.B. Sowerby III (1916: 68). Valid species, teste Pilsbry &amp; Bequaert (1927: 195). Listed by Paetel (1888: 482) as zambesianus “Cross.”.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FFE6320A1FF56AFF68C912ABA0F805	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Cowie, Robert H.	Cowie, Robert H. (2015): The recent apple snails of Africa and Asia (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Ampullariidae: Afropomus, Forbesopomus, Lanistes, Pila, Saulea): a nomenclatural and type catalogue. The apple snails of the Americas: addenda and corrigenda. Zootaxa 3940 (1): 1-92, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3940.1.1
03FFE6320A1EF56BFF68CCB6AF35FA77.text	03FFE6320A1EF56BFF68CCB6AF35FA77.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pila Roding 1798	<div><p>Genus PILA Röding, 1798</p><p>POMUS Humphrey, 1797: 58 . Unavailable name: introduced in a work rejected for nomenclatural purposes (Melville &amp; Smith 1987: 318).</p><p>Remarks. Nevill (1885: 8) incorrectly considered Nerita urceus Müller, 1774 as the type species.</p><p>PILA Röding, 1798: 145 . Type species: Helix ampullacea Linnaeus, 1758, by subsequent designation of Dall (1904: 53).</p><p>AMPULLARIA Lamarck, 1799: 76 . Type species: Helix ampullacea Linnaeus, 1758, by monotypy. Remarks. Nerita urceus Müller, 1774, invalidly designated as the type species by Dall (1904: 53).</p><p>AMPULLARIUS Montfort, 1810 . Unjustified emendation of Ampullaria Lamarck, 1799 .</p><p>PACHYSTOMA Guilding, 1828: 536 . Type species: Ampullaria globosa Swainson, 1822, by original designation (Guilding 1828: 539).</p><p>PACHYLABRA Swainson, 1840: 339 . Unjustified replacement name for Pachystoma Guilding, 1828 . Type species: Ampullaria globosa Swainson, 1822 .</p><p>Remarks. Swainson (1840: 339) wrote “ Pachystoma Guild., already used in Ichthyology”. Pilsbry &amp; Bequaert (1927: 172) considered Pachystoma Guilding preoccupied by “ Pachystoma Latreille, 1809 ” ( Diptera, not ichthyology), but the latter is correctly spelled Pachystomus (see also Dall 1904: 53; Neave 1940: 517; Evenhuis &amp; Thompson 1990: 258; Sabrosky 1999: 229). The different spellings ( Pachystoma and Pachystomus) mean that they are not homonyms (Code, Art. 56.2). There appear to have been no earlier introductions of Pachystoma (see Neave 1940: 517).</p><p>PACHYCHEILUS Broderip, 1840: 454 . Unjustified emendation of Pachylabra Swainson, 1840 . Type species: Ampullaria globosa Swainson, 1822 .</p><p>Remarks. Baker (1930: 27) considered the name an unjustified emendation and Pilsbry (1956: 33–34) considered it merely a suggestion of how to improve Swainson’s name.</p><p>POMUS Gray, 1847: 148 . Type species: Helix ampullacea Linnaeus, 1758, by original designation (Gray 1847: 148).</p><p>PA CH Y C H I L U S Philippi, 1851: 7. Unjustified replacement name for Pachylabra Swainson, 1840; junior homonym of Pachychilus Lea &amp; Lea, 1851 ( Pachychilidae Fischer &amp; Crosse). Type species: Ampullaria globosa Swainson, 1822 .</p><p>TURBINICOLA Annandale &amp; Prashad, 1921: 7, 9. Type species— Ampullaria nux Reeve, 1856, by original designation (Annandale &amp; Prashad 1921: 9).</p><p>Remarks. Synonym of Pila Röding, teste Berthold (1991: 202).</p><p>The validity of the names Pila Röding, Ampullaria Lamarck and Ampullarius Montfort were discussed by Cowie (1997b) and ruled on by ICZN (1999a).</p><p>+ adusta</p><p>Ampullaria adusta Reeve, 1856a: pl. 3, fig. 11. Type material — syntype: NHMUK 20020690 (figured by Brown (1980: fig. 23c; 1994: fig. 23c); labelled “ Zanzibar ”). Type locality —“probably from Borneo”. Distribution —endemic to Zanzibar (Pain 1961: 22, 1963: 152).</p><p>Remarks. Nevill (1885: 10) gave the locality as “South America ”. Confirmed as African (and hence to be placed in Pila) by Alderson (1925: 86; see also Cowie &amp; Thiengo 2003: 80), although Pilsbry &amp; Bequaert (1927: 176) expressed doubt about this, synonymizing it with the South American sordida Reeve. Both adusta and pilula Reeve were first published on the same plate. G.B. Sowerby III (1910: 56) and Alderson (1925: 86) synonymized them, explicitly treating adusta as the senior synonym. Valid species, teste Kobelt (1912b: 55), who placed it in Pachylabra . Placed in Pila as a form of ovata Olivier by Brown (1980: 45, 1994: 54), followed here.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FFE6320A1EF56BFF68CCB6AF35FA77	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Cowie, Robert H.	Cowie, Robert H. (2015): The recent apple snails of Africa and Asia (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Ampullariidae: Afropomus, Forbesopomus, Lanistes, Pila, Saulea): a nomenclatural and type catalogue. The apple snails of the Americas: addenda and corrigenda. Zootaxa 3940 (1): 1-92, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3940.1.1
03FFE6320A1EF56CFF68CA3BABCDFCA9.text	03FFE6320A1EF56CFF68CA3BABCDFCA9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pila africana	<div><p>africana</p><p>Ampullaria africana Martens, 1886: 114 . Type material — lectotype (Köhler &amp; Glaubrecht 2006: 199, fig. 1A): ZMB 38597a; paralectotypes: ZMB 38597b (6 spms.), ZMB 109532 (2 spms.), ZMB 18793 (3 spms.). Type locality —“Goldküste, Abetifi” [Ghana]. Distribution —West Africa, from Liberia to Ghana, also Lake Volta (Brown 1994: 55); also Sierra Leone and possibly extending into eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo (Brown 1980: 46); Lake Nyassa, teste Paetel (1887: 476) and G.B. Sowerby III (1910: 56) (? error).</p><p>Remarks. A specimen in the Brot collection, from “Abetifi, Côte d’Or” (MHNG-INVE-33484), is considered to be a topotype only (Y. Finet pers. comm. 26 August 2002). Placed in Pila by Köhler &amp; Glaubrecht (2006: 199).</p><p>alucinans</p><p>Ampullaria alucinans G.B. Sowerby III, 1910: 63, text fig. Type material — syntypes: NHMUK 1910.9.30.2 (1 spm., labelled “ type ”); SMF 50654 (1 spm.). Type locality —“ Ceylon ”.</p><p>Remarks. Prashad (1923: 588, 1925: 83) noted a “cotype” that Sowerby sent to Kobelt (SMF 50654) but considered this specimen to have “nothing in common” with alucinans G.B. Sowerby III but to be a juvenile of conica Wood, or its variety gracilis Lea. It nonetheless remains part of the original type series and therefore a syntype. Valid species, teste Preston (1915: 103). Synonym of cinerea Reeve, teste Prashad (1925: 82), followed here, which he treated as a variety of layardi Reeve.</p><p>amplior</p><p>Pila congoensis amplior Pilsbry &amp; Bequaert, 1927: 179, pl. 15, figs. 1, 2. Type material — holotype [by original designation]: AMNH 72087; paratypes: ANSP 131964 (1 spm.), FMNH 77368 (2 spms.), MCZ 171488 (1 spm.); possible paratype: ANSP 131963 (1 spm.). Type locality —“Nouvelle Anvers” [= Makanza, Democratic Republic of the Congo].</p><p>Remarks. Pilsbry &amp; Bequaert (1927: 179) based their description on four specimens, one from the type locality, one from “near Bumba” and two from “Medje”. The first two are accounted for by the AMNH holotype and the MCZ paratype, as stated by Boyko &amp; Cordeiro (2001: 102), who considered the other two possibly to be AMNH 72124 (1 spm.) from “Bumba Lie” and AMNH 72125 (1 spm.) from “near Bumba” but with incorrect label information; both are lost, according to Boyko &amp; Cordeiro (2001: 102). However, ANSP 131964, listed as a paratype by ANSP, is from Medje and is surely one of these specimens, although ANSP 131963, also listed as a paratype by ANSP is from “ Zambi ” and may not be. Further research is needed to verify the status of these specimens and to determine whether they are the two paratypes from Medje. Synonym of congoensis Pilsbry &amp; Bequaert, teste Pain (1961: 16).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FFE6320A1EF56CFF68CA3BABCDFCA9	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Cowie, Robert H.	Cowie, Robert H. (2015): The recent apple snails of Africa and Asia (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Ampullariidae: Afropomus, Forbesopomus, Lanistes, Pila, Saulea): a nomenclatural and type catalogue. The apple snails of the Americas: addenda and corrigenda. Zootaxa 3940 (1): 1-92, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3940.1.1
03FFE6320A19F56CFF68CF49A9AEFBEC.text	03FFE6320A19F56CFF68CF49A9AEFBEC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Helix ampullacea	<div><p>ampullacea</p><p>Helix ampullacea Linnaeus, 1758: 771 . Type material — syntype: LSL 546 (1 spm.). Type locality —“Asia”. Distribution — Thailand, Laos, Cambodia, Vietnam, Malaysia, Indonesia, Java, Sumatra, Borneo (Reeve 1856b: pl. 10; G.B. Sowerby III 1910: 56; Habe 1964: 50 [as “ ampullaria ”]; Brandt 1974: 50; Keawjam 1986: 61), Philippines (Pagulayan &amp; Remigio 1993: 1), Singapore (Ng et al. 2014: 34).</p><p>Remarks. For further discussion of the syntype see linnaei Philippi. Valid species of Pila, teste Habe (1964: 49; as “ ampullaria ”), Brandt (1974: 49), Keawjam (1986: 61, 1987: 69, 1990: 1), Berthold (1991: 10, etc.), Pagulayan &amp; Remigio (1993: 1) and Low et al. (2013: 55), among many others.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FFE6320A19F56CFF68CF49A9AEFBEC	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Cowie, Robert H.	Cowie, Robert H. (2015): The recent apple snails of Africa and Asia (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Ampullariidae: Afropomus, Forbesopomus, Lanistes, Pila, Saulea): a nomenclatural and type catalogue. The apple snails of the Americas: addenda and corrigenda. Zootaxa 3940 (1): 1-92, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3940.1.1
03FFE6320A19F56DFF68C882AE4FFB81.text	03FFE6320A19F56DFF68C882AE4FFB81.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pachylabra angelica	<div><p>angelica</p><p>Pachylabra angelica Annandale, 1920a: 5, 11, pl. 1, figs. 9, 10, pl. 2, figs. 5, 6. Type material — syntypes: NZSI M.11649/2 (2 spms.). Type locality —“Bangkok”. Distribution — Thailand.</p><p>Remarks. The description appears to be based on numerous specimens but only those in NZSI M.11649/2 were explicitly indicated by Annandale (1920a: 14) as “Type-specimens” (presumably the two shells illustrated in pl. 1, figs. 9, 10, and stated in the “Description of Plate I” to be “Type-specimens”), thereby excluding any others from the type series (Code, Art. 72.4.6). Synonym of pesmei Morlet, teste Brandt (1974: 51). Valid species of Pila, teste Keawjam (1986: 61, 1987: 69, 1990: 1), followed here.</p><p>begini</p><p>Ampullaria begini Morlet, 1889: 184, pl. 8, fig. 1. Type material — syntype (Cowie &amp; Héros 2012: 797): MNHN 4499. Type locality —“Le Mékong et dans tout le Cambodge ” [The Mekong and throughout Cambodia].</p><p>Remarks. Reported from Cambodia and Thailand (G.B. Sowerby III 1910: 57; Annandale 1920a: 23). Valid species, teste G.B. Sowerby III (1910: 57), Kobelt (1912b: 87) and Annandale (1920a: 5), followed by Cowie &amp; Héros (2012: 797), although a synonym of pesmei Morlet, teste Brandt (1974: 51), followed here.</p><p>borneensis</p><p>Ampullaria borneensis Philippi, 1852b: 24 [1852a: 31, pl. 8, fig. 3]. Type material —possible syntype: MNHNCL 15948 (1 spm., old number 61.061, a label also says celebensis). Type locality —“Borneo”.</p><p>Remarks. Variety or form of conica Wood, teste Nevill (1885: 5), G.B. Sowerby III (1910: 57) and Prashad (1925: 85). Synonym of scutata Mousson, teste Brandt (1974: 52), Low et al. (2013: 56) and Ng et al. (2014: 34), followed here.</p><p>bourguignati</p><p>Ampullaria bourguignati Billotte, 1885: 107, 109, pl. 6, fig. 3. Type material —location unknown. Type locality —“Le lac Balla, près d’El-Kantara” [Al Ballah Lake, near Al Qantarah]; “Isthme de Suez” [Isthmus of Suez] [Egypt].</p><p>Remarks. Noted as from “Ballat-See, Egypten ” by Paetel (1887: 477), referencing the listing of the species by Mayer (1886 [as “1885”]: 78). Valid species in Pachylabra, teste Kobelt (1912b: 54), although he thought it might just represent individual variation. Synonym of ovata Olivier, teste G.B. Sowerby III (1910: 60) and Pain (1952: 287), followed here.</p><p>bridouxi</p><p>Ampullaria Bridouxi Bourguignat, 1888: [15]–16, pl. 5, fig. 22 [name and figure] [1890: 72–74; description]. Type material —MNHN 4453 [not found in MNHN since 1988; no type material found in MHNG or MRAC (cf. Dance 1986: 206)]. Type locality —“l’embouchure du Malagarazi” [the mouth of the Malagarazi River]; “Lac Tanganika” [sic; in publication title] [Tanzania].</p><p>Remarks. Additional localities given in the later description (Bourguignat 1890: 74): “vers le déversoir du lac, le Loukouga, au-dessous des îles Chakabala”. Variety of ovata Olivier, teste Alderson (1925: 93), Pilsbry &amp; Bequaert (1927: 181) and Pain (1952: 291) but a synonym of ovata Olivier, teste G.B. Sowerby III (1910: 60) and Pain (1961: 10), followed here.</p><p>brohardi</p><p>Ampullaria Brohardi Granger, 1892: 97, text fig. Type material — holotype [by monotypy: “l’unique exemplaire que nous possédons”]: NHMUK 1899.12.9.1. Type locality —“Pnom-Penh (Cambodge)” [Cambodia].</p><p>Remarks. Listed among “Varieties and aberrations” of polita Deshayes by Alderson (1925: 82), despite Granger (1892: 97) explicitly stating that he thought it not to be “monstruosité”. Synonym of virescens Deshayes, teste G.B. Sowerby III (1916: 69) and Brandt (1974: 49), both as “ polita ”, followed here.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FFE6320A19F56DFF68C882AE4FFB81	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Cowie, Robert H.	Cowie, Robert H. (2015): The recent apple snails of Africa and Asia (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Ampullariidae: Afropomus, Forbesopomus, Lanistes, Pila, Saulea): a nomenclatural and type catalogue. The apple snails of the Americas: addenda and corrigenda. Zootaxa 3940 (1): 1-92, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3940.1.1
03FFE6320A24F551FF68C912A94EF8D6.text	03FFE6320A24F551FF68C912A94EF8D6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ampullaria decocta	<div><p>decocta</p><p>Ampullaria decocta Mabille, 1887a: 14 . Type material — lectotype (Cowie &amp; Héros 2012: 801): MNHN 23078 (ex 4485); paralectotype: MNHN 4485. Type locality —“ Tonkin ” [in publication title] [“Tourane” (MNHN 4485)]. Distribution —no additional information.</p><p>Remarks. Also described subsequently by Mabille (1887b: 155). Valid species, teste G.B. Sowerby III (1910: 58) and Cowie &amp; Héros (2012: 801, in Pila).</p><p>dewulfi</p><p>Pila dewulfi Bequaert &amp; Clench, 1933: 71, pl. 5, figs. 1–13. Type material — holotype [by original designation]: MCZ 92101; paratypes: ANSP 161780 (5 spms.), MCZ 92102 (22 spms.), MRAC 36607 (3 spms.), MRAC 36610 (2 spms.), NHMUK 1947.8.15.2 (1 spm.), NMW.Z.1981.118.00123 (2 spms.), NMW.Z.1981.118.02908 (1 spm), SMF 6317 (2 spms.), SMF 7883 (2 spms.), UMMZ 56083 (4 spms.). Type locality —“Inkisi River near Kisantu, Belgian Congo ” [Democratic Republic of the Congo]</p><p>Remarks. Form of ovata Olivier, teste Brown (1980: 45), though not mentioned by Brown (1994: 54). Synonym of wernei Philippi, teste Pain (1961: 18), followed here.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FFE6320A24F551FF68C912A94EF8D6	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Cowie, Robert H.	Cowie, Robert H. (2015): The recent apple snails of Africa and Asia (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Ampullariidae: Afropomus, Forbesopomus, Lanistes, Pila, Saulea): a nomenclatural and type catalogue. The apple snails of the Americas: addenda and corrigenda. Zootaxa 3940 (1): 1-92, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3940.1.1
03FFE6320A24F554FF68CB5FAEC1FE5A.text	03FFE6320A24F554FF68CB5FAEC1FE5A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ampullaria dira	<div><p>dira</p><p>Ampullaria dira Reeve, 1856e: pl. 26, fig. 125. Type material —location unknown [not found in NHMUK or NMW (cf. Dance 1986: 223)]. Type locality —[no locality given]. Distribution —possibly “portugiesischen Südwestafrika ” [= Angola] (Kobelt 1912b: 71) or Madagascar (Alderson 1925: 84).</p><p>Remarks. Possibly a young specimen of occidentalis Mousson, teste Kobelt (1912b: 71). Probably a synonym of madagascariensis Smith, teste Alderson (1925: 84). Valid species, teste G.B. Sowerby III (1910: 58), and retained here as such, pending further research. Appears to be a N. comb. with Pila .</p><p>dumesniliana</p><p>Ampullaria dumesniliana Billotte, 1885: 104, 109, pl. 6, fig. 2. Type material —location unknown. Type locality —“Pays des Çomalis, dans la vallé de l’Ouébi-Doboï, près de Muerka” [Somalia, in the valley of the River Shebelle, near Muerca].</p><p>Remarks. Noted as from Somalia by Paetel (1887: 478), referencing the listing of the species by Mayer (1886 [as “1885”]: 78). Variety of ovata Olivier, teste Alderson (1925: 93). Synonym of ovata Olivier, teste G.B. Sowerby III (1910: 60), followed by Pain (1952: 287), and of wernei Philippi, teste Pain (1961: 18), followed here, all as “ dumesmiliana ”. Misspelled as “ Dumesnili ” by Germain (1907a: 232).</p><p>+ eleanorae</p><p>Pila ovata eleanorae Mandahl-Barth, 1954: 41 –42, figs. 13a–c. Type material — syntypes: MRAC 580382 (3 spms.), MRAC 586373 (1 spm.), NHMUK 1968592 (3 spms., labelled “ paratypes ”), NMW.Z.1981.118.00135 (1 spm.), NMW.Z.1981.118.02909 (2 spms.), RBINS MT 131 (1 spm.). Type locality —“Victoria Nile, at Bujagali”; “ 0°31' N, 33°07' E ” (Mandahl-Barth 1954: 11). Distribution —no additional information.</p><p>Remarks. A very distinct subspecies of ovata Olivier, teste Pain (1961: 16).</p><p>elongata</p><p>Ampullaria kordofana variété elongata Rochebrune &amp; Germain, 1904: 6. Type material — holotype [by monotypy: “Un seul”]: location unknown. Type locality —“rivière Omo; 600 m. altitude” [Omo River, Ethiopia (Maurette 1905: 271)].</p><p>Remarks. Synonym of ovata Olivier, teste Pain (1952: 286).</p><p>emini</p><p>Ampullaria ovata Var. emini Martens, 1897a: 160, text fig. Type material — lectotype (Pain 1961: 15): location unknown. Type locality —“Victoria-Nyansa bei Nyemirembe im Südwesten” [Lake Victoria at Nyemirembe in the south west].</p><p>Remarks. Martens (1897a: 160) listed a number of localities. Pilsbry &amp; Bequaert (1927: 182) gave the type locality as “Nyemirembe on Lake Victoria”, the locality of the shell illustrated by Martens. Dartevelle &amp; Schwetz (1947: 15) reported it from Lake Edward. Pain (1952: 290) referred to the “ type shell” (presumably that illustrated by Martens), from Nyemirembe, but this statement does not constitute a lectotype designation as there were multiple specimens of different ages (“in verschiedenem Alter”) indicated by Martens from Nyemirembe and it does not explicitly identify a particular one of these and indicate that it was being selected from the type series to serve as the name-bearing type (Code, Art. 74.5). Pain (1961: 15), in a table of measurements of gordoni Smith, repeated the measurements given by von Martens’ in the first row, with the correct locality, but on the second row gave those of a smaller shell from “Napoleon Gulf” (a locality not listed by von Martens), apparently identified as the “ Type of emini Mtns.”; this is considered here as an error in the layout of the table (perhaps by the printer) and is treated as designation of the specimen with the dimensions in the first row as a lectotype, as Pain unambiguously selected that particular syntype to act as the unique name-bearing type of the taxon (Code, Art. 74.5). NMW.1955.158.25258 (1 spm.) bears a label indicating that it is a “cotype” of emini Martens and that it originated from the ZMB, but it does not match the original description in shape or size and is here not considered as such. Variety of ovata Olivier, teste Kobelt (1912b: 52), Alderson (1925: 93, 95) and Pilsbry &amp; Bequaert (1927: 182) and retained as a subspecies, but doubtfully, by Pain (1952: 289). Treated as an “extreme form” of gordoni Smith but listed in its synonymy by Pain (1961: 14, 15), which is here considered as having synonymized it.</p><p>encaustica</p><p>Ampullaria encaustica Reeve, 1856c: pl. 16, fig. 76. Type material — syntype: NHMUK 20020691. Type locality —[no locality given].</p><p>Remarks. NHMUK label says “ India ”. Variety of globosa Swainson, teste G.B. Sowerby III (1910: 59). Synonym of globosa Swainson, teste Prashad (1923: 587, 1925: 71), followed here.</p><p>erythrochila</p><p>Ampullaria turbinis var. erythrochila Dautzenberg &amp; Fischer, 1906: 428 . Type material — lectotype (Cowie &amp; Héros 2012: 802): MNHN 4738. Type locality —“Cochinchine: Mékong à Chaudoc” [Vietnam].</p><p>Remarks. Variety of turbinis Lea, teste G.B. Sowerby III (1910: 61; as “ erythrocheila ”). Synonym of turbinis Lea, teste Annandale (1920a: 15), of ampullacea Linnaeus (as “ ampullaria ”), teste Habe (1964: 49–50; as “ erythrocheila ”), and of pesmei Morlet, teste Brandt (1974: 51; as “ erythrocheila ”), followed here. Treated as a valid species by Cowie &amp; Héros (2012: 802) .</p><p>exigua</p><p>Ampullaria exigua Philippi, 1852b: 26 [1852a: 46, pl. 13, fig. 4]. Type material —possible syntypes: MNHNCL 15899 (2 spms., the larger identified as cecillei Philippi, old number 61.057). Type locality —[no locality given].</p><p>Remarks. The Nile given as locality by Bourguignat (1879: 32), specifically in Egypt by Billotte (1885: 109), although Pilsbry &amp; Bequaert (1927: 176) doubted that this species is African. Valid species from Egypt, teste G.B. Sowerby III (1910: 58), citing Paetel. Synonym of ovata Olivier, teste Pain (1952: 287), followed here.</p><p>expansa</p><p>Ampullaria conica Var. expansa Nevill, 1877: 9. Type material — holotype [by original designation]: NZSI 2426; paratypes: NZSI (8–10 spms., not found in 2014), the shell illustrated by Hanley &amp; Theobald (1874: pl. 114, fig. 5), location unknown. Type locality —“Pegu” [“Tenasserim?”; “Mandalay?” also listed as localities of type material].</p><p>Remarks. Nevill (1877: 9) listed 7 specimens from Pegu and 1 each from “Tenasserim?” and “Mandalay?” in the Indian Museum, also stating that this was the form figured by Hanley &amp; Theobald (1874: pl. 114, fig. 5) as paludinoides of Philippi. Although he stated that the “The Pegu shell is well worthy of a distinguishing name”, the term “shell” is here taken to mean the species as represented by the shells from Pegu, and including those possibly from Tenasserim and Mandalay. He gave measurements of the “ Type ”, thereby distinguishing it as the holotype, as well as of one other specimen. Nevill (1885: 5) clarified that Pegu was the type locality [“Pegu (type var.)”] and listed a total of 3 specimens from “Tennasserim (?)”. Variety of conica Wood, teste Nevill (1885: 5), Preston (1915: 101) and Prashad (1923: 590). Synonym of ampullacea Linnaeus, teste G.B. Sowerby III (1910: 56) or of gracilis Lea, teste Prashad (1925: 81); here treated as a synonym of one or other of these, pending further research.</p><p>fasciata</p><p>Ampullaria globosa var. fasciata Hanley &amp; Theobald, 1874: 46, pl. 113, fig. 5. Type material —location unknown [not found in NHMUK or Leeds Museum (Coan &amp; Kabat 2012: 325)]. Type locality —“Moradabad” [northern India].</p><p>Remarks. Junior primary homonym of fasciata Roissy, 1805, fasciata Lamarck, 1816 and fasciata Reeve, 1856 (see Cowie &amp; Thiengo 2003: 63–64). Variety of globosa Swainson, teste G.B. Sowerby III (1910: 59) and Preston (1915: 97). Synonym of globosa Swainson, teste Prashad (1923: 587, 1925: 71), followed here.</p><p>filosa</p><p>Ampullaria filosa Reeve, 1856c: pl. 19, figs. 88a, b. Type material — syntypes: NHMUK 20140835 (3 spms.). Type locality —“ Madagascar ”.</p><p>Remarks. Pilsbry &amp; Bequaert (1927: 176) doubted that filosa Reeve is African. Synonym of largillierti Philippi, teste G.B. Sowerby III (1910: 59) and Alderson (1925: 84), and of cecillei Philippi, teste Starmühlner (1969: 119), followed here.</p><p>fruhstorferi</p><p>Pachylabra javanica Reeve var. fruhstorferi Kobelt, 1912b: 90 . Type material — syntypes: SMF 25308 (1 spm., figured), SMF 25309 (1 spm.). Type locality —“Tenggergebirge in Ost-Java bei 800' Seehöhe” [Tengger massif, east Java, 800 feet above sea level], “Sukabumi in 2000' Seehöhe” [Sukabumi [west Java], 2000 feet above sea level].</p><p>Remarks. Synonym of scutata Mousson, teste Low et al. (2013: 56) and Ng et al. (2014: 34), followed here.</p><p>fuliginea</p><p>Ampullaria fuliginea Philippi, 1852b: 27 [1852a: 53, pl. 16, fig. 6]. Type material —location unknown. Type locality —[no locality given; “vermuthlich Madagaskar ” [probably Madagascar] (Philippi 1852a: 53)]. Remarks. Name attributed to Koch by Philippi (see also Schaufuss 1869: 55). Valid species, teste G.B. Sowerby III (1910: 58). Synonym of cecillei Philippi, teste Starmühlner (1969: 119), followed here.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FFE6320A24F554FF68CB5FAEC1FE5A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Cowie, Robert H.	Cowie, Robert H. (2015): The recent apple snails of Africa and Asia (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Ampullariidae: Afropomus, Forbesopomus, Lanistes, Pila, Saulea): a nomenclatural and type catalogue. The apple snails of the Americas: addenda and corrigenda. Zootaxa 3940 (1): 1-92, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3940.1.1
03FFE6320A21F554FF68CDD4ABB6FA96.text	03FFE6320A21F554FF68CDD4ABB6FA96.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ampullaria globosa	<div><p>globosa</p><p>Ampullaria globosa Swainson, 1822 a: pl. 119. Type material —NHMUK [Subba Rao (1989: 58); not found]. Type locality —“rivers of India ”. Distribution —widespread in India (Prashad 1925: 72) and Bangladesh (Jahan et al. 2001: 581).</p><p>Remarks. Junior synonym of orbata Perry, teste Pilsbry (1927b: 63), and of ampullacea Linnaeus (as “ ampullaria ”), teste Habe (1964: 49). Widely treated as a valid species, e.g. by G.B. Sowerby III (1910: 58), Preston (1915: 97), Annandale (1920a: 5), Alderson (1925: 70), Prashad (1925: 70), Keawjam (1986: 63), Subba Rao (1989: 58) and Jahan et al. (2001: 581), in Pila . Listed, incorrectly, from Siam and near Bangkok [Thailand] by Martens (1860: 12) and Morelet (1875: 289), respectively.</p><p>globosa</p><p>Ampullaria speciosa variété globosa Germain, 1905b: 328 [1907d: 531, text fig. 90]. Type material —location unknown. Type locality —“Bords du Congo, près Stanley-Pool” [Banks of the Congo, near Malebo Pool]. Remarks. Junior primary homonym of globosa Swainson. Synonym of wernei Philippi, teste Pain (1961: 18).</p><p>+ gordoni</p><p>Ampullaria Gordoni Smith, 1892: 382 . Type material — holotype [by monotypy: “The single shell”]: NHMUK 1892.8.27.4. Type locality —“Victoria Nyanza (south end?)”. Distribution — Uganda, various locations (Pain 1961: 14–15).</p><p>Remarks. Valid species, teste G.B. Sowerby III (1910: 59), Alderson (1925: 96) and Pilsbry &amp; Bequaert (1927: 175, in Pila). Subspecies of ovata Olivier, teste Pain (1952: 289, 1961: 14), followed here. Not mentioned by Brown (1980, 1994).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FFE6320A21F554FF68CDD4ABB6FA96	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Cowie, Robert H.	Cowie, Robert H. (2015): The recent apple snails of Africa and Asia (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Ampullariidae: Afropomus, Forbesopomus, Lanistes, Pila, Saulea): a nomenclatural and type catalogue. The apple snails of the Americas: addenda and corrigenda. Zootaxa 3940 (1): 1-92, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3940.1.1
03FFE6320A21F556FF68C918AF56F926.text	03FFE6320A21F556FF68C918AF56F926.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ampullaria gracilis	<div><p>gracilis</p><p>Ampullaria gracilis Lea, 1856: 110 . Type material — syntypes: USNM 106323 (1 spm., labelled “ holotype ”), USNM 106323a (1 spm.). Type locality —“ Siam ” [Thailand]. Distribution — Thailand, Cambodia, Laos, Vietnam (Nevill 1885: 7; Dautzenberg &amp; Fischer 1905: 426; Annandale 1920a: 11; Brandt 1974: 52); restricted to Burma / Myanmar, teste Subba Rao (1989: 60).</p><p>Remarks. Variety of conica Wood, teste Prashad (1925: 80). Variety of scutata Mousson, teste Subba Rao (1989: 60). Valid species, teste G.B. Sowerby III (1910: 59), Annandale (1920a: 5), Brandt (1974: 52) and Keawjam (1986: 71, 1987: 69, 1990: 11), in Pila, followed here.</p><p>gradata</p><p>Ampullaria gradata Smith, 1881: 289, pl. 33, figs. 22, 22a. Type material: syntypes: NHMUK 1880.12.20.120–121 (2 spms.), NMW.Z.1981.118.00118 (1 spm.). Type locality —“Lake Nyassa and between it and the east coast”.</p><p>Remarks. Valid species, teste G.B. Sowerby III (1910: 59). Synonym of letourneuxi Bourguignat, teste Pain (1963: 153). Use of the term “named form” by Brown (1980: 45, 1994: 54) was probably intended to mean synonymy, but is not explicit; however, Brown (1980: 45) stated that neither gradata nor letourneuxi seem distinct from ovata Olivier, which is here considered as synonymizing them. Therefore treated here as a synonym of ovata Olivier.</p><p>gruneri</p><p>Ampullaria Gruneri Philippi, 1852b: 24 [1852a: 37, pl. 9, fig. 8]. Type material —location unknown. Type locality —[no locality given].</p><p>Remarks. From Cambodia, teste Gaudion (1880: 31) and Paetel (1887: 479). Synonym of ampullacea Linnaeus, teste G.B. Sowerby III (1910: 56) and Brandt (1974: 49).</p><p>incrassatula</p><p>Ampullaria globosa Var. incrassatula Nevill, 1877: 4. Type material — lectotype (Prashad 1925: 74, pl. 13, fig. 8): NZSI 2399; paralectotypes: NZSI 25083/5 (8 spms.). Type locality —“Calcutta”.</p><p>Remarks. The original description was based on a series of 14 specimens and Prashad (1925: 74, pl. 13, fig. 9) subsequently unambiguously selected one of these syntypes to act as the unique name-bearing type (Code, Art. 74.5), thereby designating the lectotype. In 2014, in addition to the lectotype, 8 spms. (paralectotypes) were found in NZSI; the location of the other five is not known. The type locality was restricted to Calcutta by designation of the lectotype. Other localities (of paralectotypes) given by Nevill (1877: 4) were “Dum-Dum” (see also Nevill, 1885: 2) and “at the village of Koakally, close to Dum-Dum”. Variety of globosa Swainson, teste Paetel (1887: 479), G.B. Sowerby III (1910: 59), Preston (1915: 97), Prashad (1925: 71) and Subba Rao (1989: 58). Synonym of globosa Swainson, teste Prashad (1923: 587), followed here.</p><p>inops</p><p>Ampullaria inops Morelet, 1851: 220 . Type material — syntypes: NHMUK 1893.6.30.130–132 (3 spms., labelled “ cecillei ”). Type locality —“palustria ad orientem insulae Madagascar ” [swamps in eastern Madagascar]. Remarks. Synonym of cecillei Philippi, teste Alderson (1925: 92), Starmühlner (1969: 119) and Brown (1994: 57), followed here. Alderson (1925: 92) discussed the locality Nossi-bé.</p><p>javanica</p><p>Ampullaria Javanica Reeve, 1856c: pl. 20, fig. 96. Type material — syntype: NHMUK 20140836 (1 spm.). Type locality —“Java”.</p><p>Remarks. Prashad (1923: 590) referred to “the type ” without providing explicit details of its identity or whereabouts, although it can be inferred from his publication that it was in NHMUK. This is not considered a valid lectotype fixation and the specimen is therefore treated here as a syntype (Code, Rec. 73F). Variety of scutata Mousson, teste Gaudion (1880: 32). Variety of conica Wood, teste Nevill (1885: 5), G.B. Sowerby III (1910: 58), Prashad (1923: 590) and Alderson (1925: 78). Synonym of scutata Mousson, teste Brandt (1974: 52), Low et al. (2013: 56) and Ng et al. (2014: 34), followed here.</p><p>javensis</p><p>Ampullaria ampullacea var. javensis Nevill, 1885: 6 . Type material — syntypes: NZSI (1 spm.), the shells illustrated as celebensis by Mousson (1849: pl. 9 [as “pl. I”; error], fig. 1) [not found in MNHN or ZMZ (cf. Dance 1986: 220)] and Philippi (1852a: pl. 19, fig. 3) [possibly MNHNCL 15948 (1 spm., old number 61.061, see celebensis)], non Quoy &amp; Gaimard. Type locality —“Pardana”, “Java” (Mousson 1849: 59), “Java” (Philippi 1852a: 60), “Java” (Nevill 1885: 6).</p><p>Remarks. The NZSI specimen is labelled “subcelebensis” a name that has never been published. In his original description of javensis, Nevill (1885: 6) said that this was celebensis of Mousson and of Philippi (non Quoy &amp; Gaimard) and that it had a less produced spire than true celebensis . So the name “subcelebensis” makes sense. The dimensions of the NZSI specimen match those given by Nevill (63 mm high, 56 mm wide) for his specimen, which is therefore here considered a syntype of javensis Nevill. Synonym of ampullacea Linnaeus, teste Paetel (1887: 479; as “ javanica ”) and of magnifica Philippi, teste Boettger (1890: 155).</p><p>+ koleensis</p><p>Pila africana koleensis Venmans, 1956: 141, pl. 5. Type material — holotype [by original designation]: RMNH 55392; paratypes: RMNH 55393 (10 spms.), NMW.Z.1981.118.00134 (1 spm.), NMW.Z.1981.118.02916 (1 spm.). Type locality —“river basin of the Aruwimi in the neighbourhood of Kole, a small borough some 80 km. north of Banalia in the Belgian Congo ” [Democratic Republic of the Congo]. Distribution —only known from the type locality (Pain 1961: 25).</p><p>Remarks. Venmans (1956: 140–141) listed the holotype and 19 paratypes, two of which were in the collection of T. Pain. The RMNH specimens listed above are from Venmans and the NMW specimens are from Pain. The whereabouts of the other seven paratypes is unknown.</p><p>kordofana</p><p>Ampullaria Kordofana Jay, 1850: 282 . Unavailable name: nom. nud. Remarks. Name attributed to Parreyss by Jay. Locality given as “Africa”.</p><p>kordofana</p><p>Ampullaria Kordofana Philippi, 1852a: 44, pl. 13, fig. 1. Type material —possible syntypes: MNHNCL 15902 (1 spm., old number 61.072), SMF 344089 (2 spms., ex. Pareyss). Type locality —“Kordofan” [Sudan].</p><p>Remarks. Name attributed to “Parreyss in lit.” by Philippi. The legend to the illustrations of Bourguignat (1864: pl. 11, figs. 12, 13) says “12 13 Ampullaria kordofana (type)”, with no explicit selection of one of the two specimens (the illustrations of which differ in size) as the “ type ” and no additional explanation of their provenance; this therefore does not constitute designation of a lectotype (Code, Art. 74.5, 74.6), especially as Bourguignat often used the term “ type ” to mean “typical” (E. Neubert pers. comm. 25 September 2014). Valid species, teste Bourguignat (1864: 78, 1879: 32, 1889: 167) and Germain (1907b: 116). Variety of ovata Olivier, teste G.B. Sowerby III (1910: 60) and Alderson (1925: 95). Synonym of ovata Olivier, teste Gaudion (1880: 35), Pain (1952: 286, 1961: 10) and Mandahl-Barth (1954: 40), followed here.</p><p>lacustris</p><p>Pachylabra turbinis Race lacustris Annandale, 1920a: 20. Type material — holotype [by original designation]: NZSI 11571/2 M; possible paratypes: NZSI 10511/2 (4 spms.). Type locality —“edge of the inner or freshwater region of the Tale Sap or Inland Sea of Singgora” [Thailand].</p><p>Remarks. Annandale (1920a: 20–21) gave measurements for three specimens, but designated one as the “Typespecimen”. Race of turbinis Lea, teste Annandale (1920a: 5). Synonym of ampullacea Linnaeus, teste Brandt (1974: 50), followed here.</p><p>lamellosa</p><p>Ampullaria ovata Var i ét é lamellosa Germain, 1912: 323 –324, fig. 61. Type material —location unknown. Type locality —“Le Niger ”</p><p>Remarks. Valid species, teste Pilsbry &amp; Bequaert (1927: 182). Synonym of wernei Philippi, teste Pain (1961: 18), followed here.</p><p>largillierti</p><p>Ampullaria Largillierti Philippi, 1849a: 192 [1852a: 46, pl. 13, fig. 5]. Type material —possible syntypes: MNHNCL 15889 (1 spm., possibly the figured spm.); MCZ 146108 (2 spms.). Type locality —“Nossibe” [Madagascar].</p><p>Remarks. The location of the type locality is ambiguous. Nossi-bé (Philippi 1852a: 47) is an island (now known as Nosy Be) off the northwest coast of Madagascar. However, Alderson (1925: 85) presumed the type locality to be the lake on the east of Madagascar south of Tamatave (now Toamasina). Listed by Bourguignat (1889: 167) as from the coast of Mozambique. Valid species, teste G.B. Sowerby III (1910: 59) and Alderson (1925: 84), who both considered largillierti Reeve non Philippi to be a variety of virens Lamarck. Synonym of cecillei Philippi, teste Starmühlner (1969: 119) and Fischer-Piette &amp; Vukadinovic (1974: 349), followed here.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FFE6320A21F556FF68C918AF56F926	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Cowie, Robert H.	Cowie, Robert H. (2015): The recent apple snails of Africa and Asia (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Ampullariidae: Afropomus, Forbesopomus, Lanistes, Pila, Saulea): a nomenclatural and type catalogue. The apple snails of the Americas: addenda and corrigenda. Zootaxa 3940 (1): 1-92, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3940.1.1
03FFE6320A2FF55AFF68CF52AAE5FBD9.text	03FFE6320A2FF55AFF68CF52AAE5FBD9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ampullaria moesta	<div><p>moesta</p><p>Ampullaria moesta Reeve, 1856c: pl. 20, fig. 92. Type material — syntype: NHMUK 20140839 (1 spm.); possible syntype: NHMUK 20140840 (1 spm., misidentified, is layardi Reeve). Type locality —“ Ceylon ”. Distribution — Sri Lanka.</p><p>Remarks. Valid species, teste G.B. Sowerby III (1910: 60) and Kobelt (1912b: 75). Pila, teste Preston (1915: 101).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FFE6320A2FF55AFF68CF52AAE5FBD9	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Cowie, Robert H.	Cowie, Robert H. (2015): The recent apple snails of Africa and Asia (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Ampullariidae: Afropomus, Forbesopomus, Lanistes, Pila, Saulea): a nomenclatural and type catalogue. The apple snails of the Americas: addenda and corrigenda. Zootaxa 3940 (1): 1-92, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3940.1.1
03FFE6320A2FF55AFF68CE82A928FCC5.text	03FFE6320A2FF55AFF68CE82A928FCC5.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pachylabra moellendorffi	<div><p>moellendorffi</p><p>Pachylabra moellendorffi Kobelt, 1912b: 84, pl. 36, figs. 8, 9. Type material — syntypes: SMF 50695 (1 spm.), SMF 50696 (1 spm.). Type locality —“der philippinischen Insel Marinduque” [Marinduque Island, Philippines]. Distribution —only known from the type material.</p><p>Remarks. Pila, teste Pagulayan &amp; Remigio (1993: 2).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FFE6320A2FF55AFF68CE82A928FCC5	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Cowie, Robert H.	Cowie, Robert H. (2015): The recent apple snails of Africa and Asia (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Ampullariidae: Afropomus, Forbesopomus, Lanistes, Pila, Saulea): a nomenclatural and type catalogue. The apple snails of the Americas: addenda and corrigenda. Zootaxa 3940 (1): 1-92, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3940.1.1
03FFE6320A2FF55BFF68C843AED5FB54.text	03FFE6320A2FF55BFF68C843AED5FB54.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pachylabra nevilliana	<div><p>nevilliana</p><p>Pachylabra nevilliana Annandale &amp; Prashad, 1921: 11, figs. 1b, 2. Type material — holotype [by original designation]: NZSI 11864/2; possible paratypes: NZSI 25078/5 (5 spms.). Type locality —“ Tranquebar, which is on the east coast of Southern India ”. Distribution —known only from the type locality (Subba Rao 1989: 59).</p><p>Remarks. The holotype is the shell figured as “the type-shell” by Annandale &amp; Prashad (1921: fig. 2). However, the number of specimens in the type series is unclear. The description was based solely on the shells of Nevill, who noted 8 (Nevill 1877: 5) and 9 (Nevill 1885: 4) specimens (the reason for the discrepancy is unknown). Annandale &amp; Prashad (1921: 11, 12) reported the “type-specimens” as NZSI M 11864 /2 but gave measurements for only 3 shells. On this basis, the original type series contained at least 3 and up to 9 specimens; some of Nevill’s original shells may have been lost. However, this type lot now only contains one shell, treated in the NZSI as the holotype. There are 5 specimens in NZSI 25078/5, labelled as paratypes. It is possible that these were subsequently separated from the original type series, so that there are now 6 known type (or possible type) specimens and the additional 2 or 3 specimens noted by Nevill appear lost. Nevill was of the opinion that the “[type] locality could only be accepted with considerable reserve” (Annandale &amp; Prashad 1921: 12), although Annandale &amp; Prashad seemed not to have shared this doubt. Pila, teste Subba Rao (1989: 59).</p><p>nigricans</p><p>Ampullaria nigricans G.B. Sowerby III, 1910: 60, 63, text fig. Type material — syntype: NHMUK 1910.9.30.1 (1 spm.). Type locality —“Buddhu, Uganda, 4000 feet ”.</p><p>Remarks. Synonym or infra-subspecific form of ovata Olivier, teste Mandahl-Barth (1954: 41). Synonym of ovata Olivier, teste Pain (1952: 287; as “ nigriscens ”), who stated that “Sowerby’s holotype ” was in the British Museum.</p><p>nux</p><p>Ampullaria nux Reeve, 1856e: pl. 28, figs. 132a, b. Type material — syntypes: NHMUK 20020693 (3 spms.). Type locality —“ Bombay ”.</p><p>Remarks. Berthold (1991: 10, fig. 14) illustrated a specimen he considered to be the “ Holotypus ”. However, there are three specimens in the type series, which precludes the assumption of holotype (Code, Rec 73F), and nor does Berthold’s action constitute lectotype fixation as it does not fulfil the requirements of the Code (Arts. 74.5, 74.6). Type species of Turbinicola, which was synonymized with Pila by Berthold (1991: 202). Only known from small streams near Khandalla and Igatpuri (Poona and Nasik districts) in the Western Ghats from altitudes between 2500 and 3000 feet (Annandale &amp; Prashad 1921: 11). Valid species in Pila, teste Preston (1915: 99). Synonym of saxea Reeve, teste Prashad (1923: 591, 1925: 87) and Subba Rao (1989: 61), followed here.</p><p>+ nyanzae</p><p>Ampullaria nyanzae Smith, 1892: 382 . Type material — lectotype (Pain 1961: 15): NMW.Z.1981.118.00514; paralectotype: NMW.Z.1981.118.00119; possible paralectotype: NHMUK 1892.8.27. Type locality —“A creek, commonly called Jordan’s Nullah, at the south end of the lake” [i.e. Victoria Nyanza (in publication title); = Lake Victoria]. Distribution —Lake Victoria (Pain 1952: 290, 1961: 15; Brown 1980: 45, 1994: 54).</p><p>Remarks. The type series consisted of three specimens (NHMUK 1892.8.27.1–3), but a note in the NHMUK collection (by F. Naggs, 12 October 1993) states that two of these were stolen. The one remaining shell is the one illustrated by Brown (1980; fig. 23a, 1994; fig. 23a). Pain (1951: 230) noted that a specimen in the NHMUK marked as Smith’s “ type ” was in fact not the holotype, which he therefore stated was lost. Nonetheless, on obtaining a shell of nyanzae from the Sowerby collection, labelled as from Lake Victoria and collected by E. C. Gordon, the collector of Smith’s material, Pain (1951: 230) designated this specimen as the “ neotype and possible holotype ” as it “fits the original description extremely well”. His designation of this specimen as a neotype was not valid, not only because it was not deposited immediately on publication in a recognized scientific or educational institution but also as it did not clearly fulfil the other requirements of the Code (Art. 75). This specimen is now NMW.Z.1981.118.00514. Pain (1961: 15) subsequently designated a “ lectotype ”, presumably the same specimen he had formerly designated as the neotype, with the measurements given (see also Pain 1952: 290, 1961: 15) being identical to those of Smith (1892: 382). It is probably Smith’s original measured specimen; it matches his measurements closely except for the width, which is 10 mm less, perhaps an error by Smith, repeated by Pain. Pain (1961: 15) also noted a “ syntype ”, also from the type locality; this specimen (NMW.Z.1981.118.00119) is that illustrated by Pain (1951: pl. 28, fig. 3) (H. Wood pers. comm. 15 October 2013) and Kobelt (1912b: pl. 30a, fig. 1). Valid species, teste G.B. Sowerby III (1910: 60). Race, subspecies or form of ovata Olivier, in Pila, teste Pain (1952: 290, 1961: 15), Mandahl-Barth (1954: 45) and Brown (1980: 45, 1994: 54), followed here.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FFE6320A2FF55BFF68C843AED5FB54	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Cowie, Robert H.	Cowie, Robert H. (2015): The recent apple snails of Africa and Asia (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Ampullariidae: Afropomus, Forbesopomus, Lanistes, Pila, Saulea): a nomenclatural and type catalogue. The apple snails of the Americas: addenda and corrigenda. Zootaxa 3940 (1): 1-92, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3940.1.1
03FFE6320A2EF55BFF68C8C2A819FA26.text	03FFE6320A2EF55BFF68C8C2A819FA26.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ampullaria obvia	<div><p>obvia</p><p>Ampullaria obvia Mabille, 1884: 40 . Type material —location unknown [not found in MNHN (cf. Dance 1986: 217)]. Type locality —“In insula Madagascar ”. Distribution —no additional information.</p><p>Remarks. Noted as from Madagascar by Paetel (1887: 480), referencing the listing of the species by Mayer (1885 [as “1884”]: 33). Not mentioned by Starmühlner (1969) nor by Fischer-Piette &amp; Vukadinovic (1973). Appears to be a N. comb. with Pila .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FFE6320A2EF55BFF68C8C2A819FA26	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Cowie, Robert H.	Cowie, Robert H. (2015): The recent apple snails of Africa and Asia (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Ampullariidae: Afropomus, Forbesopomus, Lanistes, Pila, Saulea): a nomenclatural and type catalogue. The apple snails of the Americas: addenda and corrigenda. Zootaxa 3940 (1): 1-92, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3940.1.1
03FFE6320A2EF55BFF68C9CCAEFAF88A.text	03FFE6320A2EF55BFF68C9CCAEFAF88A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ampullaria occidentalis	<div><p>occidentalis</p><p>Ampullaria occidentalis Mousson, 1888: 299, pl. 12, fig. 9. Type material — syntypes: SMF 50603 (1 spm.), ZMZ 525084 (1 spm.), ZMZ 525085 (1 spm.), ZMZ 525086 (2 spms.). Type locality —“bord méridonal du Kunene”, Sud-Ouest de l’Afrique” [southern border of Kunene, Namibia]. Distribution —western Zambia, northern Namibia, Okavango River system in Namibia and Botswana, southern Angola (Haas 1936: 34; Connolly 1939: 554; Pain 1961: 23; Brown 1994: 54).</p><p>Remarks. Both Connolly (1912: 257, 1939: 554) and Pain (1961: 23) stated “ Type in Zurich Museum”; however, neither identified an actual specimen and therefore neither constitutes a lectotype designation (Code, Art. 74.5). Pila, teste Haas (1936: 34), Connolly (1939: 553), Pain (1961: 23) and Brown (1994: 54).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FFE6320A2EF55BFF68C9CCAEFAF88A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Cowie, Robert H.	Cowie, Robert H. (2015): The recent apple snails of Africa and Asia (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Ampullariidae: Afropomus, Forbesopomus, Lanistes, Pila, Saulea): a nomenclatural and type catalogue. The apple snails of the Americas: addenda and corrigenda. Zootaxa 3940 (1): 1-92, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3940.1.1
03FFE6320A2EF55CFF68CB64AF71FCCD.text	03FFE6320A2EF55CFF68CB64AF71FCCD.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ampullaria olea	<div><p>olea</p><p>Ampullaria olea Reeve, 1856d: pl. 21, fig. 102. Type material — syntype: NHMUK 20140841 (1 spm.). Type locality —[no locality given]. Distribution — India (Paetel 1887: 480; Preston 1915: 102; Prashad 1925: 77), specifically Cachar and Assam (Subba Rao 1989: 59).</p><p>Remarks. Pila, teste Preston (1915: 102) and Subba Rao (1989: 59).</p><p>orbata</p><p>Pomacea orbata Perry, 1811b: pl. 38, fig. 5. Type material —location unknown [probably lost (Petit 2003: 17)]. Type locality —“West Indies” [error].</p><p>Remarks. Perry stated that this species was “supposed to be a native of the West Indies”, but it was placed in Pachylabra (synonym of Pila) by Mörch (1852: 50) as a senior synonym of virens Lamarck and globosa Swainson. Synonym of globosa Swainson, teste Pilsbry (1927b: 63), but of ampullacea Linnaeus, teste G.B. Sowerby III (1910: 56), Brandt (1974: 49) and Ng et al. (2014: 32), followed here. The name ornata of Paetel (1887: 480) is here considered an incorrect subsequent spelling of orbata Perry and therefore unavailable (Code, Art. 33.3).</p><p>orientalis</p><p>Ampullaria orientalis Philippi, 1849a: 192 . Type material —possible syntypes: MNHNCL 15914 (1 spm., old number 61.094), MNHNCL 15915 (1 spm., 61.050), MNHNCL 15916 (1 operculum, 61.086), MNHNCL 15930 (2 spms., 61.072), MNHNCL 15937 (1 spm., 61.092), MNHNCL 15944 (1 spm., 61.055), MNHNCL 15960 (1 operculum, 61.077), SMF 344087 (1 spm., labelled as a paratype). Type locality —“ Insula Java, Philippinae, China ”.</p><p>Remarks. The material in the Philippi collection in MNHNCL labelled as orientalis Philippi appears to belong to more than one species and may not all be type material. Synonym of conica Wood, teste Nevill (1877: 7). Variety of conica Wood, teste Nevill (1885: 5), G.B. Sowerby III (1910: 58) and Preston (1915: 101). Synonym of scutata Mousson, teste Philippi (1851: 9), Gaudion (1880: 39; as “ scuttata ”), Brandt (1974: 52), Low et al. (2013: 56) and Ng et al. (2014: 34), followed here. Synonym of scutata Philippi, non Mousson, teste Alderson (1925: 78).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FFE6320A2EF55CFF68CB64AF71FCCD	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Cowie, Robert H.	Cowie, Robert H. (2015): The recent apple snails of Africa and Asia (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Ampullariidae: Afropomus, Forbesopomus, Lanistes, Pila, Saulea): a nomenclatural and type catalogue. The apple snails of the Americas: addenda and corrigenda. Zootaxa 3940 (1): 1-92, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3940.1.1
03FFE6320A29F55DFF68CFA2AE56FEF4.text	03FFE6320A29F55DFF68CFA2AE56FEF4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ampullaria ovata	<div><p>ovata</p><p>Ampullaria ovata Olivier, 1804a: 39; 1804b: 67; 1804c: vi [explication des planches], pl. 31, fig. 1. Type material — syntypes: MNHN 4513 (Tillier &amp; Mordan 1983: pl. 5, fig. 1; Cowie &amp; Héros 2012: fig. 5E), the specimen illustrated by Bourguignat (1864: pl. 10, fig. 11), location unknown. Type locality —“lac Maréotis” [Egypt]. Distribution — Egypt, Sudan and southwards to northern Mozambique, and westwards to southern Nigeria and possibly southeastern Zaire (Democratic Republic of the Congo) (Brown 1994: 54).</p><p>Remarks. There is no evidence that the two versions of Olivier’s text, and the atlas, were not published simultaneously (see carinata Olivier, above, for more explanation). It is therefore not possible to ascertain which constitutes the original description. The specimen illustrated by Bourguignat (1864: pl. 10, fig. 11; shell height 60 mm) was collected by Bruguière and Olivier from the type locality and is therefore considered part of the type series, and may be the same specimen as that illustrated by Cowie &amp; Héros (2012, fig. 5E; shell height 64.3 mm). The statement of Bourguignat (1864: 79) that his specimen was “un individu type ” does not constitute a lectotype designation as it does not identify it as the type specimen. In fact Bourguignat often used the term “ type ” to mean “typical” (E. Neubert pers. comm. 25 September 2014). His figure legend, which simply says “ type ”, is interpreted in the same way. Pila, teste Pain (1952: 286), Brown (1994: 54) and many others.</p><p>pagoda</p><p>Ampullaria pagoda Morelet, 1865: 227 . Type material — syntype: NHMUK 1893.2.4.1681 (labelled “ Type ” in Morelet’s hand). Type locality —“Cambodje” [Cambodia].</p><p>Remarks. Treated as a monstrosity and among “Varieties and aberrations” of virescens Deshayes by Nevill (1885: 7) and Alderson (1925: 82), respectively, and as a synonym of virescens Deshayes by Morelet (1875: 291), Kobelt (1912b: 83), G.B. Sowerby III (1916: 69) and Brandt (1974: 49) (all as “ polita ”), followed here. “ Siam ” [Thailand] given as locality by Gaudion (1880: 36).</p><p>+ pallens</p><p>Ampullaria pallens Philippi, 1849b: 17 –18 [Philippi, 1852a: 32, pl. 8, fig. 4]. Type material —figured syntype: MNHNCL 15921 (1 spm., old number 61.051). Type locality —“Indiae orientales”. Distribution —only known from the type locality and possibly the Philippines (Alderson 1925: 74).</p><p>Remarks. Gaudion (1880: 36) gave Mexico as the locality, probably in error. Variety of virens Lamarck, teste G.B. Sowerby III (1910: 62) and Alderson (1925: 74) but probably a synonym. Appears to be a N. comb. with Pila .</p><p>perakensis</p><p>Ampullaria perakensis de Morgan, 1885: 418, pl. 8, fig. 12. Type material — lectotype (Cowie &amp; Héros 2012: 812): MNHN 4511. Type locality —“Royaume de Pérak” [Kingdom of Perak, Peninsular Malaysia].</p><p>Remarks. Valid species, teste G.B. Sowerby III (1910: 61), Kobelt (1912b: 91) and Cowie &amp; Héros (2012: 812), though a synonym ampullacea Linnaeus, teste Habe (1964: 49; as “ ampullaria ”), and of scutata Mousson, teste, Brandt (1974: 52), Low et al. (2013: 56) and Ng et al. (2014: 34), followed here.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FFE6320A29F55DFF68CFA2AE56FEF4	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Cowie, Robert H.	Cowie, Robert H. (2015): The recent apple snails of Africa and Asia (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Ampullariidae: Afropomus, Forbesopomus, Lanistes, Pila, Saulea): a nomenclatural and type catalogue. The apple snails of the Americas: addenda and corrigenda. Zootaxa 3940 (1): 1-92, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3940.1.1
03FFE6320A28F55DFF68CDBAAB3DFBED.text	03FFE6320A28F55DFF68CDBAAB3DFBED.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ampullaria pesmei	<div><p>pesmei</p><p>Ampullaria pesmei Morlet, 1889: 185, pl. 8, fig. 2. Type material — lectotype (Cowie &amp; Héros 2012: 812): MNHN 4508. Type locality —“Phnom-Penh (Cambodge)”. Distribution — Cambodia, Thailand, Laos, Vietnam, probably Burma / Myanmar (Annandale 1920a: 5, 24; Brandt 1974: 51).</p><p>Remarks. Valid species, teste Kobelt (1912b: 88), Annandale (1920a: 5, 24), in Pila, teste, Brandt (1974: 51), Keawjam (1986: 61, 1987: 69, 1990: 1) and Cowie &amp; Héros (2012: 812) .</p><p>pilula</p><p>Ampullaria pilula Reeve, 1856a: pl. 3, fig. 12 [June], [pl. 8, fig. 36 (August), pl. 25, figs. 11b, 121 (December)]. Type material — syntypes: NHMUK 20140842 (2 spms., one marked “ Type ” on the shell). Type locality —“Borneo” [? error].</p><p>Remarks. Valid species, teste Kobelt (1912b: 87). Synonym of adusta Reeve, teste G.B. Sowerby III (1910: 56), Alderson (1925: 77) and Pain (1961: 22), followed here. Locality given as “Accra?, W. Coast of Africa” by Alderson (1925: 87). Pilsbry &amp; Bequaert (1927: 176) doubted that it is African.</p><p>polita</p><p>Ampullaria polita Deshayes, 1830a: 31 . Type material —[see virescens Deshayes]. Type locality —[see virescens Deshayes].</p><p>Remarks. Unjustified replacement name for virescens Deshayes, and therefore a junior objective synonym of virescens, with the same name-bearing type (Code, Art. 72.7). For further discussion see Cowie &amp; Héros (2012: 813, 819).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FFE6320A28F55DFF68CDBAAB3DFBED	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Cowie, Robert H.	Cowie, Robert H. (2015): The recent apple snails of Africa and Asia (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Ampullariidae: Afropomus, Forbesopomus, Lanistes, Pila, Saulea): a nomenclatural and type catalogue. The apple snails of the Americas: addenda and corrigenda. Zootaxa 3940 (1): 1-92, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3940.1.1
03FFE6320A28F55EFF68C882A99DFED1.text	03FFE6320A28F55EFF68C882A99DFED1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ampullaria pygmea	<div><p>pygmea</p><p>Ampullaria pygmea Récluz, 1851: 216 . Type material —possible syntypes: MNHN 4623 (2 spms., teste Cowie &amp; Héros (2012: 816)). Type locality —“Les ruisseaux de l’île Elephanta (Bombay)” [The streams of Elephanta Island (Mumbai)]. Distribution —no additional information.</p><p>Remarks. Fischer-Piette (1950: 12, pl. 1, fig. 7) listed it and figured one specimen but did not designate a lectotype. Not listed by G.B. Sowerby III (1916: 72). Junior primary homonym of pygmaea Lamarck (Lamarck 1804: 30, 1822b: 547; not Ampullariidae). No replacement name provided here, pending further research.</p><p>quadrasi</p><p>Pachylabra ( lubrica var.?) quadrasi Kobelt, 1912b: 99, pl. 41, figs. 8, 9. Type material — holotype [by monotypy]: SMF 25319. Type locality —“der Insel Mainit, Philippinen ” [probably Lake Mainit, Mindanao, Philippines].</p><p>Remarks. Kobelt’s description seems to have been based on a single specimen, although not explicitly. There is only a single specimen in SMF, labelled as the holotype by Zilch (R. Janssen pers. comm. 18 October 2013). There is no reason to think that there were additional specimens, so this specimen is considered here to be the single specimen constituting the type series (Code, Art. 72.4.1.1) and therefore the holotype. Synonym of conica Wood, teste Pagulayan &amp; Remigio (1993: 1–27).</p><p>raymondi</p><p>Ampullaria raymondi Bourguignat, 1864: 76 . Type material — syntypes: MHNG-INVE- 111655 (3 spms.), MHNG-INVE- 111655 (1 spm.). Type locality —“lac Ballat, en Égypte ”.</p><p>Remarks. Synonym of ovata Olivier, teste Jickeli (1874: 231), Gaudion (1880: 35), Paetel (1888: 481), G.B. Sowerby III (1910: 60) and Pain (1952: 287), followed here. Variety of ovata Olivier, teste Kobelt (1912b: 47) and Alderson (1925: 93).</p><p>revoili</p><p>Ampullaria revoili Billotte, 1885: 103 . Type material —location unknown. Type locality —“Marais et rivières entre Meurka et Moguedouchou” [marshes and rivers between Merca and Mogadishu, Somalia]. Remarks. Noted as from Somalia by Paetel (1887: 481), referencing the listing of the species by Mayer (1886 [as “1885”]: 78). Synonym of speciosa Philippi, teste Pain (1961: 20).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FFE6320A28F55EFF68C882A99DFED1	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Cowie, Robert H.	Cowie, Robert H. (2015): The recent apple snails of Africa and Asia (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Ampullariidae: Afropomus, Forbesopomus, Lanistes, Pila, Saulea): a nomenclatural and type catalogue. The apple snails of the Americas: addenda and corrigenda. Zootaxa 3940 (1): 1-92, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3940.1.1
03FFE6320A2BF55EFF68CA3AA8CDF8B9.text	03FFE6320A2BF55EFF68CA3AA8CDF8B9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ampullaria saxea	<div><p>saxea</p><p>Ampullaria saxea Reeve, 1856d: pl. 22, fig. 108. Type material — syntypes: NHMUK 20020694 (3 spms.) [see also Prashad 1925: 87]. Type locality —[no locality given]. Distribution —“hill streams around Khandalla and Igatpuri in the Western Ghats, Bombay Presidency” (Prashad 1925: 88).</p><p>Remarks. Synonym or variety of aperta Philippi, teste Nevill (1877: 6) and Nevill (1885: 4), respectively. Valid species, teste G.B. Sowerby III (1910: 61), in Pila, teste Preston (1915: 100) and Subba Rao (1989: 61), followed here, and in Turbinicola, teste Prashad (1925: 87) and Berthold (1991: 22); Turbinicola synonymized with Pila by Berthold (1991: 202), also followed here.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FFE6320A2BF55EFF68CA3AA8CDF8B9	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Cowie, Robert H.	Cowie, Robert H. (2015): The recent apple snails of Africa and Asia (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Ampullariidae: Afropomus, Forbesopomus, Lanistes, Pila, Saulea): a nomenclatural and type catalogue. The apple snails of the Americas: addenda and corrigenda. Zootaxa 3940 (1): 1-92, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3940.1.1
03FFE6320A2BF55EFF68CD41AADBFA74.text	03FFE6320A2BF55EFF68CD41AADBFA74.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pila robsoni	<div><p>robsoni</p><p>Pila robsoni Prashad, 1925: 85, pl. 14, figs. 8, 9. Type material — holotype [by original designation]: NZSI 2414; paratypes: NZSI 21546/4 (3 spms.). Type locality —“Near Balapiti, Ceylon ”. Distribution — Sri Lanka.</p><p>Remarks. Prashad (1925: 86) gave a table of measurements of 4 specimens (all referred to NZSI 2414), indicating that the holotype (“ Type ”) was by far the largest. The 3 specimens in NZSI 21546/4 are from the same locality as the holotype and have been considered as paratypes in the NZSI. It seems likely that the holotype was removed from the original type series and retained the original catalogue number, with the remaining 3 specimens given the new number NZSI 21546/4.</p><p>rotundata</p><p>Ampullaria rotundata Say, 1829: 245 . Type material —location unknown [“not found” in ANSP (Baker 1964: 168)]. Type locality —“St. John’s River in Florida”.</p><p>Remarks. G.B. Sowerby III (1909: 357) considered it “most likely a form of Hopetonensis ” [= paludosa Say, 1829], a North American species (Cowie &amp; Thiengo 2003: 66), but it was subsequently synonymized with globosa Swainson by Pilsbry (1927b: 64; see also Walker 1918: 124; Pilsbry 1953: 60; Clench 1955: 107; Clench &amp; Turner 1956: 120). Spelled by Binney (1858: 147) as “ Ampluria rotundata ”.</p><p>ruchetiana</p><p>Ampullaria ruchetiana Billotte, 1885: 105, pl. 6, fig. 1. Type material —location unknown. Type locality —“Rivière de l’Ouébi, au-dessus du Guélidi, Çomalis” [Shebelle River, above Guélidi, Somalia].</p><p>Remarks. Noted as from Somalia by Paetel (1887: 481), referencing the listing of the species by Mayer (1886 [as “1885”]: 78). Variety of speciosa Philippi, teste Alderson (1925: 99). Valid species, teste Germain (1907a: 232, 1907b: 116, 1907d: 529; as “ Rucheti ”), Kobelt (1912b: 60), Pilsbry &amp; Bequaert (1927: 176) and Prashad (1931: 168). Synonym of speciosa Philippi, teste Pain (1961: 20), followed here.</p><p>rugosa</p><p>Ampullaria rugosa Philippi (1851: 20) . Unavailable name: first published as a junior synonym of wernei Philippi; not treated as an available name or adopted as the name of a taxon before 1961 (Code, Art. 11.6).</p><p>Remarks. Name attributed to “Parreyss in lit.” by Philippi. Cowie &amp; Thiengo (2003: 74) followed Swainson (1822b: un-numbered text page, pl. 120) and others in treating rugosa G.B. Sowerby I (1822: un-numbered text page, pl. [184], figs. 1–2), clearly a species of Pila, as a misidentification of rugosa Lamarck, a New World species.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FFE6320A2BF55EFF68CD41AADBFA74	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Cowie, Robert H.	Cowie, Robert H. (2015): The recent apple snails of Africa and Asia (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Ampullariidae: Afropomus, Forbesopomus, Lanistes, Pila, Saulea): a nomenclatural and type catalogue. The apple snails of the Americas: addenda and corrigenda. Zootaxa 3940 (1): 1-92, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3940.1.1
03FFE6320A2BF55FFF68CB79AF45FDF1.text	03FFE6320A2BF55FFF68CB79AF45FDF1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pila scutata	<div><p>scutata</p><p>Ampullaria scutata Mousson, 1848: 268 [1849: 60, pl. 8, fig. 2]. Type material — syntypes: ZMZ 525001 (2 spms.). Type locality —[no locality given; “Pardana”; “Java” (Mousson 1849: 60, in publication title)]. Distribution — Indonesia, Peninsular Malaysia, Burma / Myanmar, Philippines, Cambodia, Laos, Singapore, Vietnam, Thailand, doubtfully China, introduced to Guam, Hawaii, Palau (Brandt 1974: 52; Cowie 1995: 64; Low et al. 2013: 56; Tan et al. 2013: 135), eradicated from Palau (Cowie 2002: 169).</p><p>Remarks. Variety of conica Wood, teste G.B. Sowerby III (1910: 58) and Alderson (1925: 78). Synonym of compacta Reeve, teste Gaudion (1880: 27) and of conica Wood, teste Nevill (1877: 7), Preston (1915: 100) and many others (Low et al. 2013: 56). Synonym of gracilis Lea, teste Keawjam (1986: 71, 1990: 11). The name scutata Mousson has priority over all these names. Treated as the valid name for conica Wood, non Lamarck, nec Swainson, by Brandt (1974: 52) and Low et al. (2013: 56), both in Pila . The names sulcata of Adams &amp; Adams (1854: 346) and of Paetel (1888: 482) are here considered incorrect subsequent spellings of scutata Mousson (see also G.B. Sowerby III 1910: 58) and therefore unavailable (Code, Art. 33.3).</p><p>sennaariensis</p><p>Ampullaria Sennaarensis Jay, 1850: 283 . Unavailable name: nom. nud. Remarks. Name attributed to Parreyss by Jay. Locality given as “Sennaar” [Sudan]. SMF 344085 (1 spm.).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FFE6320A2BF55FFF68CB79AF45FDF1	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Cowie, Robert H.	Cowie, Robert H. (2015): The recent apple snails of Africa and Asia (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Ampullariidae: Afropomus, Forbesopomus, Lanistes, Pila, Saulea): a nomenclatural and type catalogue. The apple snails of the Americas: addenda and corrigenda. Zootaxa 3940 (1): 1-92, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3940.1.1
03FFE6320A2AF55FFF68CEA1AEE3FAA1.text	03FFE6320A2AF55FFF68CEA1AEE3FAA1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ampullaria simplicula	<div><p>simplicula</p><p>Ampullaria simplicula Mabille, 1889: 16 . Type material — lectotype (Cowie &amp; Héros 2012: 818): MNHN 4520. Type locality —“ Tonkin ” [= Vietnam; in publication title]. Distribution —no additional information. Remarks. Pila, teste Cowie &amp; Héros (2012: 818) .</p><p>sinistrorsa</p><p>Ampullaria globosa subvar . sinistrorsa Nevill, 1885: 2. Unavailable name: infrasubspecific (Code, Art. 1.3.4).</p><p>Remarks. Nevill (1877: 2) referred to a single “reversed” specimen in the Indian Museum (NZSI) from the Botanical Gardens, Calcutta, but did not name it. Nevill (1885: 2) indicated in addition to this specimen a specimen of unknown location, though labelled “ Mauritius ”, implying that this locality was in error. Prashad (1925: 73, pl. 13, figs. 10, 11) illustrated these two sinistral shells but treated them as “sinistral abnormalities of the typical P. globosa ”. NZSI 2396 appears to be the specimen from Calcutta; the other was not found in 2014.</p><p>sinistrorsa</p><p>Ampullaria globosa carinata subvar . sinistrorsa Nevill, 1885: 3. Unavailable name: infrasubspecific (Code, Art. 1.3.4).</p><p>Remarks. Nevill (1885: 3) listed a single specimen in the Indian Museum; not found in NZSI in 2014. Listed as a variety of globosa Swainson by G.B. Sowerby III (1910: 59) and Preston (1915: 97) but neither act made it available as it was not adopted as the valid name of a species or subspecies (Code, Art. 45.6.4.1).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FFE6320A2AF55FFF68CEA1AEE3FAA1	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Cowie, Robert H.	Cowie, Robert H. (2015): The recent apple snails of Africa and Asia (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Ampullariidae: Afropomus, Forbesopomus, Lanistes, Pila, Saulea): a nomenclatural and type catalogue. The apple snails of the Americas: addenda and corrigenda. Zootaxa 3940 (1): 1-92, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3940.1.1
03FFE6320A2AF541FF68C971AF5EFD39.text	03FFE6320A2AF541FF68C971AF5EFD39.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ampullaria speciosa	<div><p>speciosa</p><p>Ampullaria speciosa Philippi, 1849b: 18 [1852a: 40, pl. 11, fig. 2]. Type material —possible syntypes: MNHNCL 15900 (2 opercula, old number 61.042), ZMB 1323 (Köhler &amp; Glaubrecht 2006: 210). Type locality —“ India orientalis ” [error; possibly Cape Guardafui, Somalia (Philippi 1852a: 41; Brown 1980: 47, 1994, 55; Köhler &amp; Glaubrecht 2006: 210)]. Distribution —“Practically the whole of eastern tropical Africa” (Alderson 1925: 98), but restricted to Somalia, northern Kenya and southeastern Ethiopia, teste Pain (1949b: 69) and Brown (1965: 44, 1980: 47, 1994: 55), followed by Köhler &amp; Glaubrecht (2006: 211).</p><p>Remarks. Pila, teste Pain (1949b: 69) and Brown (1965: 44, 1980: 47, 1994: 55), followed by Köhler &amp; Glaubrecht (2006: 210).</p><p>sphaerica</p><p>Ampullaria sphaerica Deshayes, 1830a: 30 . Type material —location(s) unknown [not found in MNHN or NHMUK (cf. Dance 1986: 210, 217)]. Type locality —“Pondichéri” [the locality of one of Deshayes’ specimens (that of M. Marmin), which he presumed to be the locality of the others; locality of Sowerby’s shell, referenced by Deshayes, unknown].</p><p>Remarks. In addition to the shells of Deshayes (1830a: 30) the shell illustrated by G.B. Sowerby I (1822: pl. [184], figs. 1, 2) and referenced by Deshayes is part of the type series. By implication, rugosa G.B. Sowerby I non Lamarck (considered a species of Pila based on Sowerby’s illustration of the calcified operculum) was considered by Swainson (1822a: pl. 119), Deshayes (1830a: 30) and Prashad (1925: 70) to be a misidentification of rugosa Lamarck (synonym of urceus Müller, a species of Pomacea, teste Cowie &amp; Thiengo (2003: 74)) rather than the proposal of a new name. Swainson proposed the name corrugata for Sowerby’s shell, prior to Deshayes’ proposal of sphaerica . Synonym of corrugata Swainson, teste Philippi (1851: 7) and Martens (1857: 209), followed here.</p><p>sphaerica</p><p>Ampullaria globosa var. sphaerica Hanley &amp; Theobald, 1874: 46, pl. 113, fig. 4. Type material — syntype: UMZC I.104725 (1 spm., with label “figured in Conch. Indica CXIII, f. 4”) [not found in Leeds Museum or NHMUK (Coan &amp; Kabat 2012: 325)]. Type locality —“Moradabad”.</p><p>Remarks. Junior primary homonym of sphaerica Deshayes. Variety of globosa Swainson, teste G.B. Sowerby III (1910: 58) and Preston (1915: 97). Synonym of globosa Swainson, teste Nevill (1877: 1) and Prashad (1923: 587, 1925: 71), followed here.</p><p>stoliczkana</p><p>Ampullaria Stoliczkana Nevill, 1877: 11 . Type material —possible syntypes: NZSI 2420 (1 spm., considered a holotype in NZSI), NZSI M 25079/5 (7 spms., considered paratypes in NZSI). Type locality —“Penang”.</p><p>Remarks. Nevill (1877: 11) noted 7 spms. but subsequently (Nevill 1885: 7) listed only 6; the reason that there are now 8 considered as type material in NZSI requires further research. Variety of conica Wood, teste G.B. Sowerby III (1910: 50) and Alderson (1925: 78). Synonym of scutata Mousson, teste Low et al. (2013: 56) and Ng et al. (2014: 34), followed here.</p><p>+ stuhlmanni</p><p>Ampullaria erythrostoma Var. stuhlmanni Martens, 1897a: 155 –156, text fig. Type material — syntypes: ZMB 109527 (1 spm.), ZMB 111742 (1 spm.), the additional syntypes not found. Type locality —“Albert-Nyansa, an der Südwestseite bei Kassenye” [southwestern side of Lake Albert near Kassenye], “Kassesse in Karagwe”, “Albert- Edward-See... bei Katarenga an der Südwestseite” [southwestern side of Lake Edward, near Katarenga]. Distribution —Lakes Albert and Kyoga, Victoria Nile (Pain 1961: 11–12) and Lake Edward (Dartevelle &amp; Schwetz 1947: 15, 17; Köhler &amp; Glaubrecht 2006: 211).</p><p>Remarks. The placement of this taxon by Martens (1897a: 155) as a variety of erythrostoma Reeve is in error as the latter is a South American species (Cowie &amp; Thiengo 2003: 63; Köhler &amp; Glaubrecht 2006: 211). The two large specimens from “Albert-Nyanza” and the one from “Kassesse in Karagwe” (Martens 1897a: 155) were not found by Köhler &amp; Glaubrecht (2006: 211). The parenthetical “ type Stuhlmann” in the tables of shell dimensions given by Pain (1952: 289, 1961: 13) is here considered as referring to the type locality and not to be lectotype designations. Treated as a distinct species by Pilsbry &amp; Bequaert (1927: 182–183) and Dartevelle &amp; Schwetz (1947: 32), but a subspecies of ovata Olivier, teste Pain (1952: 288, 1961: 13) and Mandahl-Barth (1954: 45), followed here, all in Pila . Form of ovata Olivier, teste Brown (1980: 45), though not so listed by Brown (1994: 54).</p><p>subampullacea</p><p>Ampullaria turbinis var subampullacea Nevill, 1885: 6 . Type material — syntypes: NZSI (2 spms., not found in 2014), H. Crosse collection (1 spm., not found in MNHN in 2014). Type locality —“Perak” [Peninsular Malaysia].</p><p>Remarks. Annandale (1920a: 19) indicated a “Type-specimen” (NZSI “2427 M”) but whether this was one of the two specimens deposited by Nevill has not been definitively determined. Neither it nor other material identifiable as Nevill’s types were found in NZSI in 2014. Var iety or race of turbinis Lea, teste G.B. Sowerby III (1910: 61) and Annandale (1920a: 5), respectively. Synonym of ampullacea Linnaeus, teste Paetel (1888: 481) and Brandt (1974: 49), followed here.</p><p>subglobosa</p><p>Ampullaria turbinis var. subglobosa Nevill, 1885: 6 . Type material — syntypes: NZSI (4 spms., not found in 2014). Type locality —“Java (?)”, “Possibly from Siam ” [Thailand].</p><p>Remarks. Synonym or variety of turbinis Lea, teste Paetel (1888: 482). Variety of turbinis Lea, teste G.B. Sowerby III (1910: 61). Synonym of turbinis Lea, teste Annandale (1920a: 15). Possibly a senior synonym of dalyi Blanford, teste Alderson (1925: 65). Synonym of ampullacea Linnaeus, teste Brandt (1974: 49), followed here.</p><p>subscutata</p><p>Ampullaria subscutata Mousson, 1882: 46, pl. 3, fig. 6. Type material — syntypes: RBINS MT 1156/1 (2 spms.), RBINS MT 1156/2 (4 spms.); possible syntypes: ZMZ 564075 (2 spms.). Type locality —“ Madagascar; Maravare, à la latitude de Farafanga, dans la partie orientale de l’île”.</p><p>Remarks. Valid species, teste G.B. Sowerby III (1910: 61), Kobelt (1912b: 57) and Alderson (1925: 91). Synonym of cecillei Philippi, teste Starmühlner (1969: 119) and Fischer &amp; Vukadinovic (1974: 349), followed here. The names subsulcata of Paetel (1888: 482) and of Kobelt (1909: 91) are considered incorrect subsequent spellings of subscutata Mousson and therefore unavailable (Code, Art. 33.3).</p><p>sumatrensis</p><p>Ampullaria sumatrensis Philippi, 1852b: 28 [1852a: 59, pl. 19, figs. 1, 2]. Type material —location unknown. Type locality —“der Fluss Danu-luar in Sumatra” [Danu-luar river, Sumatra]; “Java?”.</p><p>Remarks. Synonym of ampullacea Linnaeus, teste G.B. Sowerby III (1910: 56), Kobelt (1912b: 76), Habe (1964: 49; as “ ampullaria ”), Brandt (1974: 49) and Ng et al. (2014: 32). Recorded from Perak (Paetel 1888: 481), throughout peninsular Malaysia (de Morgan 1885: 418) and in Cambodia (Dautzenberg &amp; Fischer 1905: 427).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FFE6320A2AF541FF68C971AF5EFD39	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Cowie, Robert H.	Cowie, Robert H. (2015): The recent apple snails of Africa and Asia (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Ampullariidae: Afropomus, Forbesopomus, Lanistes, Pila, Saulea): a nomenclatural and type catalogue. The apple snails of the Americas: addenda and corrigenda. Zootaxa 3940 (1): 1-92, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3940.1.1
03FFE6320A37F542FF68CCB9A8F2FE3C.text	03FFE6320A37F542FF68CCB9A8F2FE3C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ampullaria virens	<div><p>virens</p><p>Ampullaria virens Lamarck, 1822a: 179 . Type material —probable type material: MHNG-INVE-51293 (formerly MHNG 1093/96) (4 spms.) (Y. Finet pers. comm. 22 August 2002; see also Mermod 1952: 91). Type locality —[no locality given]. Distribution — China (Paetel 1888: 482), India (Alderson 1925: 74; Subba Rao 1989: 60).</p><p>Remarks. Recorded from Singapore by Alderson (1925: 74) but not by Ng et al. (2014). Subvariety of globosa subspecies carinata variety layardi Reeve, teste Nevill (1885: 3). Valid species, teste G.B. Sowerby III (1910: 61) and Subba Rao (1989: 60), in Pila, followed here.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FFE6320A37F542FF68CCB9A8F2FE3C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Cowie, Robert H.	Cowie, Robert H. (2015): The recent apple snails of Africa and Asia (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Ampullariidae: Afropomus, Forbesopomus, Lanistes, Pila, Saulea): a nomenclatural and type catalogue. The apple snails of the Americas: addenda and corrigenda. Zootaxa 3940 (1): 1-92, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3940.1.1
03FFE6320A37F543FF68CDF2AB58FF44.text	03FFE6320A37F543FF68CDF2AB58FF44.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ampullaria virescens	<div><p>virescens</p><p>Ampullaria virescens Deshayes in Bory de Saint Vincent, 1824: verso of livraison cover [name and author], un-numbered pl. [87], fig. 2. Type material — holotype [by monotypy]: MNHN 24513 (ex MNHN 4529). Type locality —[no locality given] [“Manille” [= Manila, Philippines] MNHN 4529]. Distribution — Thailand, Vietnam, Cambodia, Laos, Malaysia, Indonesia, Burma / Myanmar (Martens 1860: 12; Dautzenberg &amp; Fischer 1905: 426; Annandale 1920a: 9; Brandt 1974: 49; Keawjam 1986: 61, 1987: 69, 1990: 1; all as “ polita ”).</p><p>Remarks. The original publication is the plate, with the name in the legend on the plate, published in the fifth livraison of plates of the Dictionnaire, with the name and authorship given on the reverse side of the front wrapper of the livraison. The shell illustrated is therefore the holotype by monotypy. Each livraison of plates was published separately. The wrapper also explicitly states that the plates were not numbered as, once all the plates would be completed, they were to be combined in an order reflecting classification, as indeed they were in volume 17 of the Dictionnaire, published in 1831, when they were numbered sequentially. Ampullaria virescens Deshayes appeared on what was then numbered plate 87. The name polita Deshayes was introduced as an unjustified replacement name for virescens Deshayes and is therefore a junior objective synonym of virescens . For further discussion see Cowie &amp; Héros (2012: 819) . Valid species of Pila, teste Brandt (1974: 49) and Keawjam (1986: 61, 1987: 69, 1990: 1), both as “ polita ”, and Cowie &amp; Héros (2012: 818) .</p><p>vittata</p><p>Ampullaria vittata Reeve, 1856c: pl. 17, figs. 78a, b. Type material — syntypes: NHMUK 1986215 (3 spms.). Type locality —“ Philippine Islands ”.</p><p>Remarks. Valid species, teste G.B. Sowerby III (1910: 62). Synonym of conica Wood, teste Pagulayan &amp; Remigio (1993: 1, etc.), followed here.</p><p>volkensi</p><p>Ampullaria gordoni Var. volkensi Martens, 1897a: 157. Type material — lectotype (Köhler &amp; Glaubrecht 2006: 212, fig. 3k): ZMB 109521a; paralectotypes: ZMB 109521b (3 spms.). Type locality —“Jipe-See, südöstl. vom Kilima-Ndjaro, an der Grenze des deutschen und britischen Gebiets” [Lake Jipe, southeast of Kilimanjaro, on the border between Tanzania and Kenya].</p><p>Remarks. Synonym of wernei Philippi, teste Pain (1961: 18).</p><p>wellesleyensis</p><p>Ampullaria wellesleyensis de Morgan, 1885: 419, pl. 8, figs. 13a–d. Type material — lectotype (Cowie &amp; Héros 2012: 819): MNHN 24514 (ex MNHN 4527); paralectotypes: MNHN 4527 (1 spm.), RBINS MT 1157 (1 spm.). Type locality —“les ruisseaux de la province Wellesley... aux environs de Boukit Tamboun” [Perak, Peninsula Malaysia].</p><p>Remarks. Valid species, teste G.B. Sowerby III (1910: 62) and Kobelt (1912b: 91). Synonym of scutata Mousson, teste Habe (1964: 49; as “ ampullaria ”), Brandt (1974: 52), Low et al. (2013: 56) and Ng et al. (2014: 34), followed here.</p><p>welwitschi</p><p>Ampullaria Welwitschi Bourguignat, 1879: 31 [name made available by bibliographic reference to Morelet (1868: pl. 9, fig. 10)]. Type material — holotype [by monotypy]: the shell illustrated by Morelet, location unknown [not found in MHNG, MNHN, MRAC or NHMUK (cf. Dance 1986: 219)]. Type locality —“dans le Niger ” (Morelet 1868: 94).</p><p>Remarks. Valid species, teste Pilsbry &amp; Bequaert (1927: 176). Synonym of wernei Philippi, teste Pain (1961: 18), followed here.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FFE6320A37F543FF68CDF2AB58FF44	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Cowie, Robert H.	Cowie, Robert H. (2015): The recent apple snails of Africa and Asia (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Ampullariidae: Afropomus, Forbesopomus, Lanistes, Pila, Saulea): a nomenclatural and type catalogue. The apple snails of the Americas: addenda and corrigenda. Zootaxa 3940 (1): 1-92, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3940.1.1
03FFE6320A36F543FF68CCD0A9F6FA06.text	03FFE6320A36F543FF68CCD0A9F6FA06.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ampullaria wernei	<div><p>wernei</p><p>Ampullaria wernei Philippi, 1851: 19, pl. 5, fig. 4 [1852a: 54, pl. 17, fig. 2; 1852b: 22]. Type material — lectotype (Köhler &amp; Glaubrecht (2006: 212, fig. 3L): ZMB 1335 (the shell figured as wernei by Philippi (1851: pl. 5, fig. 4); = holotype of minor Bourguignat); paralectotype: the shell figured by Philippi (1852a, pl. 17, fig. 2), probably MNHNCL 15962 (1 spm.). Type locality —“der weisse Nil” [the White Nile]. Distribution —Scattered reports from a large area including southern Somalia, Sudan, possibly Kenya, Lake Chad and westwards to the Niger River in Mali and southwestern Nigeria, and western Democratic Republic of the Congo (Brown 1994: 56).</p><p>Remarks. Both figures of Philippi (1851: pl. 5, fig. 4, 1852a: pl. 17, fig. 2) were referenced by Philippi (1851: 19), although pl. 17 may not have been published until 1852, so both specimens are part of the type series of wernei Philippi. Bourguignat (1879: 32) referenced the shell illustrated in pl. 17, fig. 2 as the “échantillon type ”. However, as Bourguignat often used the term “ type ” to mean “typical” (E. Neubert pers. comm. 25 September 2014), this cannot be considered definitively as a lectotype designation, and similarly nor can the usage of Germain (1905b: 329). Bourguignat (1879: 32) considered the shell in the other illustration of Philippi (pl. 5, fig. 4) to be sufficiently distinct from that of pl. 17, fig. 2 to warrant its recognition as variety minor Bourguignat (see minor Bourguignat), the shell of pl. 5, fig. 4, as the only representative of minor, thereby becoming the holotype by monotypy. Köhler &amp; Glaubrecht (2006: 212, fig. 3L) designated this specimen (pl. 5, fig. 4) as the lectotype of wernei, thereby rendering wernei Philippi and minor Bourguignat objective synonyms. If Bourguignat was correct in thinking the two illustrations to be of different species, unfortunately it is the specimen that he considered to be typical of wernei Philippi (pl. 17, fig. 2) that would require a new name. Billotte (1885: 107) treated minor Bourguignat as a variety of charmesiana Billotte. Kobelt (1912b: 62–63) discussed the confusion surrounding the three names and came to essentially the same conclusion that if considered distinct, the shell illustrated in pl. 17, fig. 2 would require a new name. Pain (1961: 19) listed minor Bourguignat (as “Kobelt”) as a synonym of wernei Philippi. Reports of wernei further south than the distribution above, e.g. Mozambique and Lake Albert (Alderson 1925: 89–90), Uganda, Zanzibar, Namibia and Angola (Connolly 1939: 553; Pain 1961: 19), are probably incorrect identifications (Brown 1994: 56). Pila, teste Connolly (1939: 553), Pain (1961: 18) and Brown (1994: 56). Misspelled as “ werneri ” by Gaudion (1880: 42).</p><p>winkleyi</p><p>Ampullaria winkleyi Pilsbry, 1901: 189, pl. 5, figs. 2, 3. Type material — lectotype (Baker 1964: 168): ANSP 76011; paralectotypes: ANSP 365369 (13 spms.), UMMZ 93221 (3 spms.). Type locality —“Henzada, Burma ”. Remarks. Valid species, teste G.B. Sowerby III (1910: 62) and Preston (1915: 103). Synonym of theobaldi Hanley &amp; Theobald, teste Prashad (1923: 589, 1925: 77), followed here.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FFE6320A36F543FF68CCD0A9F6FA06	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Cowie, Robert H.	Cowie, Robert H. (2015): The recent apple snails of Africa and Asia (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Ampullariidae: Afropomus, Forbesopomus, Lanistes, Pila, Saulea): a nomenclatural and type catalogue. The apple snails of the Americas: addenda and corrigenda. Zootaxa 3940 (1): 1-92, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3940.1.1
03FFE6320A36F543FF68CA5AA981F8D1.text	03FFE6320A36F543FF68CA5AA981F8D1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Helix vitrea	<div><p>vitrea</p><p>Helix vitrea Born, 1778: 394 [1780: 383, pl. 15, figs. 15, 16]. Type material — syntype: NHMUK 1868.7.7.2 (1 spm.). Type locality —[no locality given; “ Sierra Leone ” on NHMUK label]. Distribution — Liberia, Sierra Leone (Brown 1994: 67).</p><p>Remarks. The locality was unknown to Reeve (1856 c: pl. 17, figs. 80a, b) but Billotte (1885: 111) and Bourguignat (1889: 168) gave Egypt as a locality, no doubt incorrectly.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FFE6320A36F543FF68CA5AA981F8D1	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Cowie, Robert H.	Cowie, Robert H. (2015): The recent apple snails of Africa and Asia (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Ampullariidae: Afropomus, Forbesopomus, Lanistes, Pila, Saulea): a nomenclatural and type catalogue. The apple snails of the Americas: addenda and corrigenda. Zootaxa 3940 (1): 1-92, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3940.1.1
03FFE6320A36F543FF68C9C5A9E3F9D6.text	03FFE6320A36F543FF68C9C5A9E3F9D6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Saulea Gray 1868	<div><p>Genus SAULEA Gray, 1868</p><p>SAULEA Gray, 1868: 1000 . Type species: Helix vitrea Born, 1778, by monotypy.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FFE6320A36F543FF68C9C5A9E3F9D6	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Cowie, Robert H.	Cowie, Robert H. (2015): The recent apple snails of Africa and Asia (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Ampullariidae: Afropomus, Forbesopomus, Lanistes, Pila, Saulea): a nomenclatural and type catalogue. The apple snails of the Americas: addenda and corrigenda. Zootaxa 3940 (1): 1-92, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3940.1.1
03FFE6320A31F544FF68CED7ABC6FAE7.text	03FFE6320A31F544FF68CED7ABC6FAE7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ampullaria aperta	<div><p>aperta</p><p>Ampullaria aperta Philippi, 1849b: 18 [1851: 14, pl. 3, fig. 5]. Type material —possible syntypes: MNHNCL 15896 (1 spm., old number 61.037), MNHNCL 15935 (1 spm., old number 61.037). Type locality —[no locality given]. Distribution — Venezuela (Paetel 1873: 64, 1887: 476; Gaudion 1880: 24) or Burma / Myanmar (Nevill 1885: 4; Prashad 1925: 88; Subba Rao 1989: 61).</p><p>Remarks. Nevill (1877: 6; 1885: 4) seems to have been the first to identify specimens from Burma / Myanmar as aperta Philippi, considering his specimens to be the same as those illustrated as saxea Reeve and an un-named variety of it by Hanley &amp; Theobald (1874: pl. 115, figs. 3, 4). However, he did not discuss the original description of Philippi (1849b: 18) nor Philippi’s subsequent description and illustrations (Philippi 1851: 14, pl. 3, fig. 5); the basis for Nevill’s identification of his specimens and the figures of Hanley &amp; Theobald as aperta Philippi is therefore not clear. Nonetheless, Nevill’s identification was accepted with no further question by G.B. Sowerby III (1910: 57) and Prashad (1925: 88), the latter placing aperta Philippi in Turbinicola . Prashad was in turn followed by Subba Rao (1989: 61) and Berthold (1991: 22), the latter synonymizing Turbinicola with Pila . On this basis, Cowie &amp; Thiengo (2003: 80) treated aperta Philippi as a non-American species. All these interpretations rely on the original identification by Nevill. However, two possible syntypes in MNHNCL, of which Cowie &amp; Thiengo (2003: 80) were not aware, are labelled as from Venezuela and have non-calcified opercula; and Paetel (1873: 64, 1887: 476) and Gaudion (1880: 24) listed the species as from Venezuela. It is therefore possible that aperta Philippi is in fact a New World species.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FFE6320A31F544FF68CED7ABC6FAE7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Cowie, Robert H.	Cowie, Robert H. (2015): The recent apple snails of Africa and Asia (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Ampullariidae: Afropomus, Forbesopomus, Lanistes, Pila, Saulea): a nomenclatural and type catalogue. The apple snails of the Americas: addenda and corrigenda. Zootaxa 3940 (1): 1-92, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3940.1.1
03FFE6320A31F544FF68C98BA9CBF997.text	03FFE6320A31F544FF68C98BA9CBF997.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ampullaria bilineata	<div><p>bilineata</p><p>Ampullaria bilineata Reeve, 1856 . Additional detail of type material —location unknown [not found in NHMUK or NMW (cf. Dance 1986: 223)]. See Cowie &amp; Thiengo (2003: 78).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FFE6320A31F544FF68C98BA9CBF997	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Cowie, Robert H.	Cowie, Robert H. (2015): The recent apple snails of Africa and Asia (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Ampullariidae: Afropomus, Forbesopomus, Lanistes, Pila, Saulea): a nomenclatural and type catalogue. The apple snails of the Americas: addenda and corrigenda. Zootaxa 3940 (1): 1-92, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3940.1.1
03FFE6320A31F544FF68CA8FAEBEF827.text	03FFE6320A31F544FF68CA8FAEBEF827.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ampullaria fasciata	<div><p>fasciata</p><p>Ampullaria fasciata Lamarck, 1816 . See Cowie &amp; Thiengo (2003: 79).</p><p>Additional remarks. Philippi (1852a: 53), by stating “Betrachten wir indessen die von Lamarck citirte Figur der Encyclopädie als Typus seiner Art” [considering the figure of Lamarck in the Encyclopédie Méthodique as the type of his species], designated that specimen as the lectotype (Code, Art. 74.5). Although fasciata of Schumacher was listed as a new name by Sherborn (1926: 2309), Schumacher (1817: 200) in fact treated fasciata (presumably of Lamarck) as the valid name of ampullacea Linnaeus, probably because he was a strong supporter of the Lamarckian rather than the Linnaean system (see the introduction to Schumacher’s work).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FFE6320A31F544FF68CA8FAEBEF827	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Cowie, Robert H.	Cowie, Robert H. (2015): The recent apple snails of Africa and Asia (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Ampullariidae: Afropomus, Forbesopomus, Lanistes, Pila, Saulea): a nomenclatural and type catalogue. The apple snails of the Americas: addenda and corrigenda. Zootaxa 3940 (1): 1-92, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3940.1.1
03FFE6320A31F544FF68CA1BA9B8F9E3.text	03FFE6320A31F544FF68CA1BA9B8F9E3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pila equestris	<div><p>equestris</p><p>Pila equestris Röding, 1798 . See Cowie &amp; Thiengo (2003: 79).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FFE6320A31F544FF68CA1BA9B8F9E3	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Cowie, Robert H.	Cowie, Robert H. (2015): The recent apple snails of Africa and Asia (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Ampullariidae: Afropomus, Forbesopomus, Lanistes, Pila, Saulea): a nomenclatural and type catalogue. The apple snails of the Americas: addenda and corrigenda. Zootaxa 3940 (1): 1-92, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3940.1.1
03FFE6320A30F545FF68CCB9A995FD39.text	03FFE6320A30F545FF68CCB9A995FD39.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ampullaria fasciata	<div><p>fasciata</p><p>Ampullaria fasciata Gray, 1850: 8, pl. 47, fig. 3. Type material —location unknown. Type locality —[no locality given]. Not listed by Cowie &amp; Thiengo (2003).</p><p>Remarks. Attributed to Hardwicke by Gray. Whether intended to represent fasciata Roissy, fasciata Lamarck or a new proposal is not clear.</p><p>gibbosa</p><p>Ampullaria gibbosa Paetel, 1887 . See Cowie &amp; Thiengo (2003: 79).</p><p>hanleyi</p><p>Ampullaria Hanleyi Reeve, 1856 . Additional detail of type material —location unknown [not found in NHMUK or NMW (cf. Dance 19867: 223)]. See Cowie &amp; Thiengo (2003: 66).</p><p>Additional remarks. Considered South American by Cowie &amp; Thiengo (2003: 66), based on Ihering (1919: 336) and Alderson (1925: 33, 1926: 42), but a synonym of cecillei Philippi from Madagascar, teste Fischer &amp; Vukadinovic (1974: 349), which was not noted by Cowie &amp; Thiengo.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FFE6320A30F545FF68CCB9A995FD39	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Cowie, Robert H.	Cowie, Robert H. (2015): The recent apple snails of Africa and Asia (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Ampullariidae: Afropomus, Forbesopomus, Lanistes, Pila, Saulea): a nomenclatural and type catalogue. The apple snails of the Americas: addenda and corrigenda. Zootaxa 3940 (1): 1-92, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3940.1.1
03FFE6320A30F545FF68CEF9ABE5FCCC.text	03FFE6320A30F545FF68CEF9ABE5FCCC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ampullaria hepataria	<div><p>hepataria</p><p>Ampullaria hepataria Reeve, 1856 . See Cowie &amp; Thiengo (2003: 79). Additional remarks. Prashad (1923: 591; as “ heptaria ”) considered it a South American species, which was not noted by Cowie &amp; Thiengo.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FFE6320A30F545FF68CEF9ABE5FCCC	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Cowie, Robert H.	Cowie, Robert H. (2015): The recent apple snails of Africa and Asia (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Ampullariidae: Afropomus, Forbesopomus, Lanistes, Pila, Saulea): a nomenclatural and type catalogue. The apple snails of the Americas: addenda and corrigenda. Zootaxa 3940 (1): 1-92, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3940.1.1
03FFE6320A30F545FF68CFD9A956FBC9.text	03FFE6320A30F545FF68CFD9A956FBC9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ampullaria imperforata	<div><p>imperforata</p><p>Ampullaria imperforata Swainson, 1823 . Additional detail of type material —location unknown [not listed in MMUE (McGhie 2008: 19)]. See Cowie &amp; Thiengo (2003: 79).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FFE6320A30F545FF68CFD9A956FBC9	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Cowie, Robert H.	Cowie, Robert H. (2015): The recent apple snails of Africa and Asia (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Ampullariidae: Afropomus, Forbesopomus, Lanistes, Pila, Saulea): a nomenclatural and type catalogue. The apple snails of the Americas: addenda and corrigenda. Zootaxa 3940 (1): 1-92, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3940.1.1
03FFE6320A30F545FF68C8A9A965F828.text	03FFE6320A30F545FF68C8A9A965F828.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ampullaria labiosa	<div><p>labiosa</p><p>Ampullaria labiosa Philippi, 1852 . See Cowie &amp; Thiengo (2003: 67).</p><p>Additional remarks. Synonym of flagellata Say (Central American), teste Pain (1964: 227), followed by Cowie &amp; Thiengo. More conservatively considered here as incertae sedis as it was thought to be Asian by Reeve (1856c: pl. 16, fig. 74), Paetel (1887: 479), Gaudion (1880: 32) and Kobelt (1912b: 103).</p><p>linnaei</p><p>Ampullaria Linnaei Philippi, 1852 . Additional detail of type material —probable holotype [by monotypy: “eines... Exemplares” (Philippi 1852a: 62; Code, Art. 72.4.1.1)]: MNHNCL 15945 (1 spm., old number 61.049). See Cowie &amp; Thiengo (2003: 67).</p><p>Additional remarks. Philippi (1852a: 62) stated that Hanley first sent him a drawing of a specimen of ampullacea Linnaeus in the Linnaean collection (LSL 546), but that he then obtained an actual specimen, supposedly of the same species (he did not say from where he obtained it). However, Philippi (1852a: 62) considered that this specimen was not ampullacea Linnaeus and gave it the new name, linnaei. It would seem reasonable to conclude that the illustration of Philippi (1852a: pl. 20, fig. 6) was of this shell, not a copy of Hanley’s drawing of LSL 546, as surmised in a note by S.P. Dance associated with LSL 546. According to Dance’s note, T. Pain agreed with this supposition that Philippi’s illustration was not taken from Hanley’s drawing. MNHNCL 15945 is an excellent match for Philippi’s figure of linnaei. Pending further research, and following Pain’s suggestion, as reported in Dance’s note, LSL 546 is here considered a syntype of ampullacea Linnaeus (since Linnaeus referenced illustrations of other shells) and MNHNCL 15945 the probable holotype [by monotypy] of linnaei. Synonym of lineata Spix in Wagner ( Pomacea, South American), teste G.B. Sowerby III (1909: 354), followed by Cowie &amp; Thiengo. Synonym of ampullacea Linnaeus ( Pila, Thailand), teste Kobelt (1912b: 76) and Brandt (1974: 49), which was not noted by Cowie &amp; Thiengo.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FFE6320A30F545FF68C8A9A965F828	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Cowie, Robert H.	Cowie, Robert H. (2015): The recent apple snails of Africa and Asia (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Ampullariidae: Afropomus, Forbesopomus, Lanistes, Pila, Saulea): a nomenclatural and type catalogue. The apple snails of the Americas: addenda and corrigenda. Zootaxa 3940 (1): 1-92, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3940.1.1
03FFE6320A30F545FF68CFA2A95AFC59.text	03FFE6320A30F545FF68CFA2A95AFC59.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pila ignota	<div><p>ignota</p><p>Pila ignota Röding, 1798 . See Cowie &amp; Thiengo (2003: 79).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FFE6320A30F545FF68CFA2A95AFC59	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Cowie, Robert H.	Cowie, Robert H. (2015): The recent apple snails of Africa and Asia (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Ampullariidae: Afropomus, Forbesopomus, Lanistes, Pila, Saulea): a nomenclatural and type catalogue. The apple snails of the Americas: addenda and corrigenda. Zootaxa 3940 (1): 1-92, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3940.1.1
03FFE6320A33F546FF68CCB9A9C4FD82.text	03FFE6320A33F546FF68CCB9A9C4FD82.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ampullaria obtusa	<div><p>obtusa</p><p>Ampullaria obtusa Deshayes, 1850 . See Cowie &amp; Thiengo (2003: 79).</p><p>ochracea</p><p>Ampullaria ochracea Jay, 1836 . See Cowie &amp; Thiengo (2003: 71).</p><p>Additional remarks. Synonym of flagellata Say ( Pomacea, Central American), teste Martens (1899: 405) and Pain (1964: 226), followed by Cowie &amp; Thiengo. Synonym of ampullacea Linnaeus ( Pila, Thailand), teste G.B. Sowerby III (1910: 56), which was not noted by Cowie &amp; Thiengo.</p><p>pachystoma</p><p>Ampullaria pachystoma Paetel, 1887 . See Cowie &amp; Thiengo (2003: 79).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FFE6320A33F546FF68CCB9A9C4FD82	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Cowie, Robert H.	Cowie, Robert H. (2015): The recent apple snails of Africa and Asia (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Ampullariidae: Afropomus, Forbesopomus, Lanistes, Pila, Saulea): a nomenclatural and type catalogue. The apple snails of the Americas: addenda and corrigenda. Zootaxa 3940 (1): 1-92, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3940.1.1
03FFE6320A33F546FF68CE6CAE5BFB72.text	03FFE6320A33F546FF68CE6CAE5BFB72.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ampullaria paludinoides	<div><p>paludinoides</p><p>Ampullaria paludinoides Cristofori &amp; Jan, 1832 . See Cowie &amp; Thiengo (2003: 80).</p><p>Additional remarks. American, teste Cristofori &amp; Jan (1832: 7), Philippi (1852b: 24) and Paetel (1873: 65). Philippi (1852a: 27) gave India, South America and Mexico as localities based on museum material identified as this species, but considered the Indian localities more likely. Martens (1857: 213) considered it African. Schaufuss (1869: 55) listed it from “ Ind. or.” and Paetel (1887: 480) from “Moulmein” [Burma]. Hanley &amp; Theobald (1874: 47) considered the description of Cristofori &amp; Jan to be so inadequate that their species should be ignored. So they treated it as of Philippi (1852a: 27, pl. 7, fig. 4) and said that the shell they themselves figured was not likely to be the species described by Christofori and Jan. It was considered Indian by Nevill (1877: 7–9), who gave the form figured by Hanley &amp; Theobald (1874, pl. 114, fig. 5) as paludinoides of Philippi the new name expansa. Treated as an Old World species by Kobelt (1912b: 102), although Prashad (1925: 81) considered Kobelt’s figure (pl. 43, fig. 2) to be of a shell of expansa Nevill. G.B. Sowerby III (1910: 62) also treated it as of Philippi, referencing Cristofori and Jan and considering it a variety of virens Lamarck. Prashad (1923: 590) also recomended that paludinoides Cristofori &amp; Jan be ignored. Alderson (1925: 75) wrote: “The name is one of those elusive ghosts that haunt the nomenclature of the genus” but treated it as a variety of conica Wood. Considered an Old World species by Cowie &amp; Thiengo (2003: 80), but this conclusion is hardly definitive.</p><p>planorboides</p><p>Ampullaria planorboides Cristofori &amp; Jan, 1832 . See Cowie &amp; Thiengo (2003: 79).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FFE6320A33F546FF68CE6CAE5BFB72	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Cowie, Robert H.	Cowie, Robert H. (2015): The recent apple snails of Africa and Asia (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Ampullariidae: Afropomus, Forbesopomus, Lanistes, Pila, Saulea): a nomenclatural and type catalogue. The apple snails of the Americas: addenda and corrigenda. Zootaxa 3940 (1): 1-92, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3940.1.1
03FFE6320A33F546FF68C93CA9B4F94B.text	03FFE6320A33F546FF68C93CA9B4F94B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ampullaria prunella	<div><p>prunella</p><p>Ampullaria prunella Hupé, 1857 . Additional detail of type material — syntypes: MNHN 4620 (7 spms.); possible syntype: MNHN 23086. See Cowie &amp; Thiengo (2003: 81).</p><p>Additional remarks. The localities given in the original description and on the syntypes label (see Cowie &amp; Héros 2012: 813), combined with the shell morphology, would place this species in Pomacea, a New World genus. However, there are four calcified operculae associated with the specimens, which would indicate that they are not New World ampullariids and which led Cowie &amp; Thiengo to consider this an Old World species. Cowie &amp; Héros (2012: 813), after studying these specimens and comparing them with Hupé’s description, concluded that these were indeed probably the shells that Hupé was describing, which suggests that he was mistaken regarding their origin. However, there are other shells that are very similar to these types in the MNHN general collections also labelled as Ampullaria prunella from South America, but with no operculae. Tillier (1980: 16) suggested that these specimens represented an Asian or African species [of Pila] that had been introduced but had since disappeared from French Guiana, but this suggestion warrants further research.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FFE6320A33F546FF68C93CA9B4F94B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Cowie, Robert H.	Cowie, Robert H. (2015): The recent apple snails of Africa and Asia (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Ampullariidae: Afropomus, Forbesopomus, Lanistes, Pila, Saulea): a nomenclatural and type catalogue. The apple snails of the Americas: addenda and corrigenda. Zootaxa 3940 (1): 1-92, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3940.1.1
03FFE6320A33F546FF68CB24A820F8FA.text	03FFE6320A33F546FF68CB24A820F8FA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ampullaria rufilineata	<div><p>rufilineata</p><p>Ampullaria rufilineata Reeve, 1856 . Additional type material — syntype: NMW.Z.1981.118.02877 (1 spm.). See Cowie &amp; Thiengo (2003: 80).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FFE6320A33F546FF68CB24A820F8FA	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Cowie, Robert H.	Cowie, Robert H. (2015): The recent apple snails of Africa and Asia (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Ampullariidae: Afropomus, Forbesopomus, Lanistes, Pila, Saulea): a nomenclatural and type catalogue. The apple snails of the Americas: addenda and corrigenda. Zootaxa 3940 (1): 1-92, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3940.1.1
03FFE6320A33F547FF68CBB4AF33FDC7.text	03FFE6320A33F547FF68CBB4AF33FDC7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pila sepulta	<div><p>sepulta</p><p>Pila sepulta Röding, 1798 . See Cowie &amp; Thiengo (2003: 80).</p><p>simplex</p><p>Ampullaria simplex Reeve, 1856 . See Cowie &amp; Thiengo (2003: 75).</p><p>Additional remarks. Synonym of lineata Spix in Wagner ( Pomacea, South American), teste Pain (1960: 422), followed by Cowie &amp; Thiengo. Synonym of cecillei Philippi ( Pila) from Madagascar, teste Fischer-Piette &amp; Vukadinovic (1974: 349), which was not noted by Cowie &amp; Thiengo.</p><p>striata</p><p>Ampullaria, .. .. .. Var. .. .. .. (mihi) striata ? [sic] Hutton, 1834: 93. Unavailable name: nom. nud. Not listed by Cowie &amp; Thiengo (2003).</p><p>tristis</p><p>Ampullaria tristis Gaudion, 1880 . See Cowie &amp; Thiengo (2003: 80). Additional remarks. Date given incorrectly as 1879 by Cowie &amp; Thiengo. See references section.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FFE6320A33F547FF68CBB4AF33FDC7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Cowie, Robert H.	Cowie, Robert H. (2015): The recent apple snails of Africa and Asia (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Ampullariidae: Afropomus, Forbesopomus, Lanistes, Pila, Saulea): a nomenclatural and type catalogue. The apple snails of the Americas: addenda and corrigenda. Zootaxa 3940 (1): 1-92, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3940.1.1
03FFE6320A32F547FF68CEABA878FCC3.text	03FFE6320A32F547FF68CEABA878FCC3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ampullaria tubaeformis	<div><p>tubaeformis</p><p>Ampullaria tubaeformis Lea, 1856: 110 . Type material — syntype: USNM 106329 (1 spm., labelled as “ holotype ”). Type locality —[no locality given]. Distribution —unknown. Not listed by Cowie &amp; Thiengo (2003).</p><p>Remarks. The location has been suggested as “ Siam ” (Gaudion 1880: 41), or as Brazil (Rio de Janeiro or Bahia) or possibly India (notes associated with the specimen). Not listed by G.B. Sowerby III (1909: 358, 1910: 61, 1916: 73) or Cowie &amp; Thiengo (2003).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FFE6320A32F547FF68CEABA878FCC3	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Cowie, Robert H.	Cowie, Robert H. (2015): The recent apple snails of Africa and Asia (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Ampullariidae: Afropomus, Forbesopomus, Lanistes, Pila, Saulea): a nomenclatural and type catalogue. The apple snails of the Americas: addenda and corrigenda. Zootaxa 3940 (1): 1-92, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3940.1.1
03FFE6320A3DF548FF68CFA4A826F8B6.text	03FFE6320A3DF548FF68CFA4A826F8B6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ampullaria avellana	<div><p>avellana</p><p>Ampullaria avellana Lamarck, 1822a: 179 . Type material —location unknown [not listed in MNHG (Mermod 1952: 97)]. Type locality —“la Nouvelle-Zelande ”.</p><p>Remarks. Amphibolidae Gray; placed in their new genus Ampullacera by Quoy &amp; Gaimard (1832: 196) and Deshayes &amp; Milne Edwards (1838: 539) and in Amphibola Schumacher by Martens (1857: 205) and as a synonym of Amphibola crenata (Martyn) by Golding et al. (2007: 7). See Cowie &amp; Thiengo (2003: 57–58) for avellana G.B. Sowerby III ( Ampullariidae), which is a junior primary homonym.</p><p>borealis</p><p>Ampullaria borealis Valenciennes, 1832: 260 . Type material —location unknown [not found in MNHN (cf. Dance 1986: 229)]. Type locality —“ Saint-Pierre et Miquelon près de Terre-Neuve”. Remarks. Naticidae Guilding; synonym of Natica heros Say, teste Paetel (1887: 477), G.B. Sowerby III (1916: 70) and Walker (1918: 123).</p><p>crassa</p><p>Ampullaria crassa Deshayes, 1830a: 32 . Type material —location unknown. Type locality —“L’Ohio et de la plupart des rivières de l’Amérique septentrionale”.</p><p>Remarks. Viviparidae; synonym of Campeloma crassula Rafinesque, teste Clench (1962: 277). Junior primary homonym of crassa Swainson.</p><p>digona</p><p>Paludina bengalensis, Lam., var. digona Blanford, 1869: 445 . Type material —location unknown [not found in NHMUK or NMW (cf. Dance 1986: 205)]. Type locality —“in valle fluminis Iravadi circa Ava, Bhamo, &amp;c.”.</p><p>Remarks. Paetel (1887: 478) placed it in Ampullaria, citing Hanley &amp; Theobald (1874: 47; as “Theob.”), who listed it as Paludina Férussac. Viviparidae; synonym of Vivipara bengalensis race doliaris (Gould), teste Annandale &amp; Sewell (1921: 273).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FFE6320A3DF548FF68CFA4A826F8B6	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Cowie, Robert H.	Cowie, Robert H. (2015): The recent apple snails of Africa and Asia (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Ampullariidae: Afropomus, Forbesopomus, Lanistes, Pila, Saulea): a nomenclatural and type catalogue. The apple snails of the Americas: addenda and corrigenda. Zootaxa 3940 (1): 1-92, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3940.1.1
03FFE6320A3DF548FF68CEF8A903FCCA.text	03FFE6320A3DF548FF68CEF8A903FCCA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pomacea annularis	<div><p>annularis</p><p>Pomacea annularis Perry, 1811b: pl. 38, fig. 1. Type material —location unknown [probably lost (Petit 2003: 17)]. Type locality —“Mediterranean Sea”.</p><p>Remarks. Considered a “helice” by Pilsbry (1927b: 63).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FFE6320A3DF548FF68CEF8A903FCCA	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Cowie, Robert H.	Cowie, Robert H. (2015): The recent apple snails of Africa and Asia (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Ampullariidae: Afropomus, Forbesopomus, Lanistes, Pila, Saulea): a nomenclatural and type catalogue. The apple snails of the Americas: addenda and corrigenda. Zootaxa 3940 (1): 1-92, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3940.1.1
03FFE6320A3CF549FF68C8C3AB15F93E.text	03FFE6320A3CF549FF68C8C3AB15F93E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Helicina neritella	<div><p>neritella</p><p>Helicina neritella Lamarck, 1801: 94 . Type material —location unknown (Mermod, 1951: 715). Type locality —[no locality given].</p><p>Remarks. Martens (1857: 207) listed neritella Cuvier as among the Ampullariidae of the Berlin Museum but indicated that it was in fact Helicina neritella Lamarck. Helicinidae; type species of Helicina Lamarck (Cowie et al. 1995: 23) .</p><p>phaeostoma</p><p>Paludina bengalensis subvar. phaeostoma Nevill, 1885: 21 . Unavailable name: infrasubspecific (Code, Art. 45.5).</p><p>Remarks. Paetel (1888: 481) listed “ phaeostoma Nevil. India.” in Ampullaria . However, Nevill did not describe a phaeostoma in Ampullaria and Paetel’s listing is here presumed to be of the above subvariety. Viviparidae .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FFE6320A3CF549FF68C8C3AB15F93E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Cowie, Robert H.	Cowie, Robert H. (2015): The recent apple snails of Africa and Asia (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Ampullariidae: Afropomus, Forbesopomus, Lanistes, Pila, Saulea): a nomenclatural and type catalogue. The apple snails of the Americas: addenda and corrigenda. Zootaxa 3940 (1): 1-92, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3940.1.1
03FFE6320A3CF549FF68CF49AB58FB54.text	03FFE6320A3CF549FF68CF49AB58FB54.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Helix lusitanica	<div><p>lusitanica</p><p>Helix lusitanica Linnaeus, 1767: 1245 . Type material —possible syntype: LSL (1 spm.). Type locality —“Europa australi”.</p><p>Remarks. Lamarck (1822a: 178) placed lusitanica Linnaeus in the synonymy of his new species guinaica Lamarck (now in Lanistes), as did Philippi (1852a: 28), although with doubt, and Gaudion (1880: 31). Listed in Ampullaria and as from Guinea by Jay (1850: 282) and Paetel (1887: 479). However, Pilsbry &amp; Bequaert (1927: 188), while listing it as a valid species in Lanistes, stated that it “was based upon a specimen of Zonites algirus [ Pulmonata: Zonitidae Mörch], according to Hanley, although Linnaeus referred to a figure of Lanistes carinatus (Olivier) in Gualtieri as illustrating his species”. Haas (1936: 35) considered it undeterminable. The shell in LSL is not an ampullariid.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FFE6320A3CF549FF68CF49AB58FB54	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Cowie, Robert H.	Cowie, Robert H. (2015): The recent apple snails of Africa and Asia (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Ampullariidae: Afropomus, Forbesopomus, Lanistes, Pila, Saulea): a nomenclatural and type catalogue. The apple snails of the Americas: addenda and corrigenda. Zootaxa 3940 (1): 1-92, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3940.1.1
03FFE6320A3CF549FF68CE69AAC6FCA6.text	03FFE6320A3CF549FF68CE69AAC6FCA6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pomacea linearis	<div><p>linearis</p><p>Pomacea linearis Perry, 1811b: pl. 38, fig. 2. Type material —location unknown [probably lost (Petit 2003: 17)]. Type locality —“coasts of North America ”.</p><p>Remarks. Neither the description nor the illustration suggest that it is an ampullariid. Unknown to Say (1829: 260) and Binney (1865: 7). Paetel (1887: 479) may have been referring to Binney’s article when listing “ linearis Orb. Binn. Amer. 1869 ”. Considered a “helice” by Pilsbry (1927b: 63). Treated by Petit (2003: 39) as a nomen dubium.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FFE6320A3CF549FF68CE69AAC6FCA6	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Cowie, Robert H.	Cowie, Robert H. (2015): The recent apple snails of Africa and Asia (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Ampullariidae: Afropomus, Forbesopomus, Lanistes, Pila, Saulea): a nomenclatural and type catalogue. The apple snails of the Americas: addenda and corrigenda. Zootaxa 3940 (1): 1-92, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3940.1.1
03FFE6320A3CF549FF68CD2AABD0FD89.text	03FFE6320A3CF549FF68CD2AABD0FD89.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Salinator fragilis	<div><p>fragilis</p><p>Ampullaria fragilis Lamarck, 1822a: 179 . Type material — lectotype (Smythe 1975: 337, pl. 9, figs. 1–3) and paralectotype (Smythe 1975: 337, pl. 9, fig. 4): MHNG-INVE-51298 (formerly 1094/1A and 1094/1B, respectively). Type locality —[no locality given].</p><p>Remarks. Amphibolidae; placed in Ampullacera by Quoy &amp; Gaimard (1832: 201) and Deshayes &amp; Milne Edwards (1838: 539), in Amphibola by Philippi (1852a: 73) and Martens (1857: 205) and in his new genus Salinator by Hedley (1900: 510–511), followed by Thiele (1931: 470), Woolacott (1945: 36), Smythe (1975: 335) and Golding et al. (2007: 10).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FFE6320A3CF549FF68CD2AABD0FD89	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Cowie, Robert H.	Cowie, Robert H. (2015): The recent apple snails of Africa and Asia (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Ampullariidae: Afropomus, Forbesopomus, Lanistes, Pila, Saulea): a nomenclatural and type catalogue. The apple snails of the Americas: addenda and corrigenda. Zootaxa 3940 (1): 1-92, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3940.1.1
03FFE6320A3CF549FF68CAF0AE2EF862.text	03FFE6320A3CF549FF68CAF0AE2EF862.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Salinator quoyana	<div><p>quoyana</p><p>Ampullacera quoyana Potiez &amp; Michaud, 1838: 288, pl. 28, figs. 17, 18. Type material — syntypes: MNHN 4625 (12 spms.). Type locality —“La Nouvelle-Zélande ”.</p><p>Remarks. Name attributed to Férussac by Potiez &amp; Michaud. Additional type material was probably in the Douai Museum, which was destroyed during World War II (Golding et al. 2007: 25). Gaudion (1880: 39) gave the locality as Australia. No ampullariids are known from either New Zealand or Australia. Placed in Ampullaria by Woolacott (1945: 35). The shells of MNHN 4625 match the original illustration well. Amphiboloidea; listed as Salinator quoyana but under species incertae sedis by Golding et al. (2007: 25).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FFE6320A3CF549FF68CAF0AE2EF862	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Cowie, Robert H.	Cowie, Robert H. (2015): The recent apple snails of Africa and Asia (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Ampullariidae: Afropomus, Forbesopomus, Lanistes, Pila, Saulea): a nomenclatural and type catalogue. The apple snails of the Americas: addenda and corrigenda. Zootaxa 3940 (1): 1-92, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3940.1.1
03FFE6320A3FF54AFF68CDD1AACFFD5D.text	03FFE6320A3FF54AFF68CDD1AACFFD5D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Alcadia striata	<div><p>striata</p><p>Helicina striata Lamarck, 1822a: 103 .</p><p>Remarks. Martens (1857: 210) listed striata Cuvier as among the Ampullariidae of the Berlin Museum but indicated that it was in fact Helicina striata Lamarck. Helicinidae; listed as a valid species in Helicina by Dall &amp; Simpson (1901: 447, 508) and subsequently placed in Alcadia Gray (e.g. Baker 1940: 71; Thompson &amp; Deisler 1980: 3).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FFE6320A3FF54AFF68CDD1AACFFD5D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Cowie, Robert H.	Cowie, Robert H. (2015): The recent apple snails of Africa and Asia (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Ampullariidae: Afropomus, Forbesopomus, Lanistes, Pila, Saulea): a nomenclatural and type catalogue. The apple snails of the Americas: addenda and corrigenda. Zootaxa 3940 (1): 1-92, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3940.1.1
03FFE6320A3FF54AFF68CCB9A9F9FE41.text	03FFE6320A3FF54AFF68CCB9A9F9FE41.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ampullaria rosea	<div><p>rosea</p><p>Ampullaria rosea Spix in Wagner, 1827: 3, pl. 4, fig. 3. Type material —formerly ZSM but probably lost (Fechter 1983: 221). Type locality —“In aquis Brasiliae australioris”.</p><p>Remarks. Spix illustrated rosea as a species of Ampullaria, but Wagner (1827: 3, tabulae explicatae), in revising the work for publication, doubted this placement and suggested its placement in Bulimus Scopoli (suppressed by ICZN Opinion 475), in which genus it was subsequently placed by others, e.g. Philippi (1852a: 74) and Martens (1857: 209). Suggested as possibly a young Borus oblongus (Müller), by Alderson (1925: ix), now Megalobulimus oblongus (Müller); Strophocheilidae Pilsbry or Megalobulimidae Leme (Bequaert 1948: 58; Bouchet &amp; Rocroi 2005: 267; Simone 2006: 214; Wade et al. 2006: 596).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FFE6320A3FF54AFF68CCB9A9F9FE41	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Cowie, Robert H.	Cowie, Robert H. (2015): The recent apple snails of Africa and Asia (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Ampullariidae: Afropomus, Forbesopomus, Lanistes, Pila, Saulea): a nomenclatural and type catalogue. The apple snails of the Americas: addenda and corrigenda. Zootaxa 3940 (1): 1-92, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3940.1.1
03FFE6320A3FF54AFF68CA19A899F895.text	03FFE6320A3FF54AFF68CA19A899F895.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Austropeplea vinosa	<div><p>vinosa</p><p>Amphipeplea vinosa Adams &amp; Angas, 1864: 415 . Type material —location unknown. Type locality —“Tributary of Adelaide River, Arnheim’s [sic] Land”.</p><p>Remarks. Listed by Paetel (1888: 482) among Ampullariidae . Lymnaeidae Rafinesque; placed in his new genus Peplimnea by Iredale (1943: 212); valid species in Austropeplea Cotton, teste Blair &amp; Finlayson (1981: 757), followed by Ponder &amp; Waterhouse (1997: 441).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FFE6320A3FF54AFF68CA19A899F895	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Cowie, Robert H.	Cowie, Robert H. (2015): The recent apple snails of Africa and Asia (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Ampullariidae: Afropomus, Forbesopomus, Lanistes, Pila, Saulea): a nomenclatural and type catalogue. The apple snails of the Americas: addenda and corrigenda. Zootaxa 3940 (1): 1-92, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3940.1.1
03FFE6320A3FF54AFF68C989AE6AF999.text	03FFE6320A3FF54AFF68C989AE6AF999.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pomacea variegata	<div><p>variegata</p><p>Pomacea variegata Perry, 1811b: pl. 38, fig. 4. Type material —location unknown. Type locality —“unknown”. Remarks. Helicidae Rafinesque; “probably not determinable” (Pilsbry 1927b: 63).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FFE6320A3FF54AFF68C989AE6AF999	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Cowie, Robert H.	Cowie, Robert H. (2015): The recent apple snails of Africa and Asia (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Ampullariidae: Afropomus, Forbesopomus, Lanistes, Pila, Saulea): a nomenclatural and type catalogue. The apple snails of the Americas: addenda and corrigenda. Zootaxa 3940 (1): 1-92, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3940.1.1
03FFE6320A3FF54AFF68CF9EA94DFB31.text	03FFE6320A3FF54AFF68CF9EA94DFB31.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Valvata tasmanica	<div><p>tasmanica</p><p>Ampullaria tasmanica Tenison-Woods, 1877: 117 . Type material — lectotype (Ponder et al. 1993: 573): TMAG E20509; paralectotypes: TMAG E496/7837 (2 spms.). Type locality —“some of the rivers emptying themselves on the north coast” [of Tasmania].</p><p>Remarks. Hydrobiidae Stimpson s. l. (Wilke et al. 2013: 721); placed in Beddomeia Petterd by Ponder et al. (1993: 573). Junior secondary homonym of Valvata tasmanica Tenison-Woods, 1876 (un-numbered inserted page) when both are placed in Beddomeia (see Ponder et al. 1993: 574).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FFE6320A3FF54AFF68CF9EA94DFB31	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Cowie, Robert H.	Cowie, Robert H. (2015): The recent apple snails of Africa and Asia (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Ampullariidae: Afropomus, Forbesopomus, Lanistes, Pila, Saulea): a nomenclatural and type catalogue. The apple snails of the Americas: addenda and corrigenda. Zootaxa 3940 (1): 1-92, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3940.1.1
03FFE6320A3FF54AFF68C8E1A883FAE9.text	03FFE6320A3FF54AFF68C8E1A883FAE9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Vivipara variata	<div><p>variata</p><p>Vivipara variata Frauenfeld, 1862: 1163 . Type material — syntypes: NHMW 109251 (2 spms.). Type locality —“ Pondicherry ”.</p><p>Remarks. Listed in Ampullariidae by Paetel (1888: 482) but in Paludina by Hanley &amp; Theobald (1874: 47, pl. 115, fig. 8). Viviparidae (e.g. Eschner 2008: 23).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FFE6320A3FF54AFF68C8E1A883FAE9	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Cowie, Robert H.	Cowie, Robert H. (2015): The recent apple snails of Africa and Asia (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Ampullariidae: Afropomus, Forbesopomus, Lanistes, Pila, Saulea): a nomenclatural and type catalogue. The apple snails of the Americas: addenda and corrigenda. Zootaxa 3940 (1): 1-92, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3940.1.1
03FFE6320A3EF54BFF68CDD0AE91FDCE.text	03FFE6320A3EF54BFF68CDD0AE91FDCE.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ampullaria aurostoma	<div><p>aurostoma</p><p>Ampullaria aurostoma Lea, 1856 . Additional type material and detail of type material — syntypes: USNM 106299 (1 spm.), USNM 106299X (3 spms.); possible syntypes: USNM 106273 (11 spms.,).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FFE6320A3EF54BFF68CDD0AE91FDCE	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Cowie, Robert H.	Cowie, Robert H. (2015): The recent apple snails of Africa and Asia (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Ampullariidae: Afropomus, Forbesopomus, Lanistes, Pila, Saulea): a nomenclatural and type catalogue. The apple snails of the Americas: addenda and corrigenda. Zootaxa 3940 (1): 1-92, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3940.1.1
03FFE6320A3EF54BFF68CA18A9CCF906.text	03FFE6320A3EF54BFF68CA18A9CCF906.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ampullaria cingulata	<div><p>cingulata</p><p>Ampullaria cingulata Philippi, 1851 . Updated status of type material — lectotype (Köhler &amp; Glaubrecht 2006: 201, fig. 1F): ZMB 1376 [listed as syntype by Cowie &amp; Thiengo (2003: 52)].</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FFE6320A3EF54BFF68CA18A9CCF906	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Cowie, Robert H.	Cowie, Robert H. (2015): The recent apple snails of Africa and Asia (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Ampullariidae: Afropomus, Forbesopomus, Lanistes, Pila, Saulea): a nomenclatural and type catalogue. The apple snails of the Americas: addenda and corrigenda. Zootaxa 3940 (1): 1-92, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3940.1.1
03FFE6320A3EF54BFF68CAE8A826F8DA.text	03FFE6320A3EF54BFF68CAE8A826F8DA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ampullaria columbiensis	<div><p>columbiensis</p><p>Ampullaria columbiensis Philippi, 1851 . Updated status of type material — lectotype (Köhler &amp; Glaubrecht 2006: 202, fig. 1G): ZMB 1343a; paralectotype: ZMB 1343b [listed as syntypes by Cowie &amp; Thiengo (2003: 60)]. Type locality —“Westkolumbien”.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FFE6320A3EF54BFF68CAE8A826F8DA	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Cowie, Robert H.	Cowie, Robert H. (2015): The recent apple snails of Africa and Asia (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Ampullariidae: Afropomus, Forbesopomus, Lanistes, Pila, Saulea): a nomenclatural and type catalogue. The apple snails of the Americas: addenda and corrigenda. Zootaxa 3940 (1): 1-92, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3940.1.1
03FFE6320A3EF54BFF68CF80AF6DFBA2.text	03FFE6320A3EF54BFF68CF80AF6DFBA2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pomacea camena	<div><p>camena</p><p>Pomacea camena Pain, 1949a .</p><p>Additional remarks. The citation by Verdourt et al. (2004) of NMW.Z.1981.118.00116 as a paratype is incorrect. The correct catalog number is NMW.Z.1981.118.00108, as given by Cowie &amp; Thiengo (2003: 58).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FFE6320A3EF54BFF68CF80AF6DFBA2	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Cowie, Robert H.	Cowie, Robert H. (2015): The recent apple snails of Africa and Asia (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Ampullariidae: Afropomus, Forbesopomus, Lanistes, Pila, Saulea): a nomenclatural and type catalogue. The apple snails of the Americas: addenda and corrigenda. Zootaxa 3940 (1): 1-92, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3940.1.1
03FFE6320A3EF54BFF68C84CA803FABE.text	03FFE6320A3EF54BFF68C84CA803FABE.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pomacea canaliculata	<div><p>canaliculata</p><p>Pomacea canaliculata Lamarck, 1822 a. New type material — neotype (Hayes et al. 2012: 741): USNM 1185844. Type locality —“Palermo, Buenos Aires, Argentina ”.</p><p>Additional remarks. The shell listed by Cowie &amp; Thiengo (2003: 58) as possibly the holotype is now considered not to be type material, and the holotype is considered lost (Hayes et al. 2012: 741–743). The type locality is the locality of the neotype.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FFE6320A3EF54BFF68C84CA803FABE	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Cowie, Robert H.	Cowie, Robert H. (2015): The recent apple snails of Africa and Asia (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Ampullariidae: Afropomus, Forbesopomus, Lanistes, Pila, Saulea): a nomenclatural and type catalogue. The apple snails of the Americas: addenda and corrigenda. Zootaxa 3940 (1): 1-92, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3940.1.1
03FFE6320A3EF54BFF68C970AB27F996.text	03FFE6320A3EF54BFF68C970AB27F996.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pomacea cerasum	<div><p>cerasum</p><p>Pomacea cerasum Hanley, 1854 .</p><p>Additional remarks. Syntype incorrectly listed as NHMUK 1907.11.21.83 (which is citreum Reeve) by Cowie &amp; Thiengo (2003: 59). Correct number is NHMUK 1907.10.28.225. The name cerasum treated as a noun in apposition.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FFE6320A3EF54BFF68C970AB27F996	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Cowie, Robert H.	Cowie, Robert H. (2015): The recent apple snails of Africa and Asia (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Ampullariidae: Afropomus, Forbesopomus, Lanistes, Pila, Saulea): a nomenclatural and type catalogue. The apple snails of the Americas: addenda and corrigenda. Zootaxa 3940 (1): 1-92, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3940.1.1
03FFE6320A39F54CFF68CCB9AEA4FF44.text	03FFE6320A39F54CFF68CCB9AEA4FF44.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ampullaria cubensis	<div><p>cubensis</p><p>Ampullaria cubensis Morelet, 1849 . Additional type material — syntype: SMF 344086.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FFE6320A39F54CFF68CCB9AEA4FF44	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Cowie, Robert H.	Cowie, Robert H. (2015): The recent apple snails of Africa and Asia (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Ampullariidae: Afropomus, Forbesopomus, Lanistes, Pila, Saulea): a nomenclatural and type catalogue. The apple snails of the Americas: addenda and corrigenda. Zootaxa 3940 (1): 1-92, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3940.1.1
03FFE6320A39F54CFF68CDD1A9C3FDF1.text	03FFE6320A39F54CFF68CDD1A9C3FDF1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ampullaria decussata	<div><p>decussata</p><p>Ampullaria decussata Moricand, 1836 . Revised detail of type material — syntypes: MHNG-INVE-33485 (9 spms.) [incorrectly listed as MHNG 33484 by Cowie &amp; Thiengo (2003: 61)].</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FFE6320A39F54CFF68CDD1A9C3FDF1	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Cowie, Robert H.	Cowie, Robert H. (2015): The recent apple snails of Africa and Asia (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Ampullariidae: Afropomus, Forbesopomus, Lanistes, Pila, Saulea): a nomenclatural and type catalogue. The apple snails of the Americas: addenda and corrigenda. Zootaxa 3940 (1): 1-92, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3940.1.1
03FFE6320A39F54CFF68CF31AF5EFCCD.text	03FFE6320A39F54CFF68CF31AF5EFCCD.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ampullaria electrina	<div><p>electrina</p><p>Ampullaria electrina Reeve, 1856 . Additional type material — syntype: NMW.Z.1981.118.02779 (1 spm.).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FFE6320A39F54CFF68CF31AF5EFCCD	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Cowie, Robert H.	Cowie, Robert H. (2015): The recent apple snails of Africa and Asia (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Ampullariidae: Afropomus, Forbesopomus, Lanistes, Pila, Saulea): a nomenclatural and type catalogue. The apple snails of the Americas: addenda and corrigenda. Zootaxa 3940 (1): 1-92, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3940.1.1
03FFE6320A39F54CFF68C832ABD1FB54.text	03FFE6320A39F54CFF68C832ABD1FB54.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ampullaria fasciata	<div><p>fasciata</p><p>Ampullaria fasciata Roissy, 1805 .</p><p>Additional remarks. Ng et al. (2014: 32) placed fasciata Roissy in the synonymy of ampullacea Linnaeus (Asian), although its status as a New World species had been clarified by Pilsbry (1927a: 247), as explained by Cowie &amp; Thiengo (2003: 63).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FFE6320A39F54CFF68C832ABD1FB54	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Cowie, Robert H.	Cowie, Robert H. (2015): The recent apple snails of Africa and Asia (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Ampullariidae: Afropomus, Forbesopomus, Lanistes, Pila, Saulea): a nomenclatural and type catalogue. The apple snails of the Americas: addenda and corrigenda. Zootaxa 3940 (1): 1-92, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3940.1.1
03FFE6320A39F54CFF68C8DDAEAAFAA1.text	03FFE6320A39F54CFF68C8DDAEAAFAA1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ampullaria fasciata	<div><p>fasciata</p><p>Ampullaria fasciata Lamarck, 1816 . See Incertae sedis in family Ampullariidae, above.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FFE6320A39F54CFF68C8DDAEAAFAA1	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Cowie, Robert H.	Cowie, Robert H. (2015): The recent apple snails of Africa and Asia (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Ampullariidae: Afropomus, Forbesopomus, Lanistes, Pila, Saulea): a nomenclatural and type catalogue. The apple snails of the Americas: addenda and corrigenda. Zootaxa 3940 (1): 1-92, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3940.1.1
03FFE6320A39F54CFF68C971AED6F971.text	03FFE6320A39F54CFF68C971AED6F971.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ampullaria figulina	<div><p>figulina</p><p>Ampullaria figulina Spix in Wagner, 1827. Additional detail of type material — syntypes: ZSM 20012063 (2 spms.), ZSM 20012064 (1 spm.), ZSM 20012065 (1 spm.).</p><p>gigas</p><p>Ampullaria gigas Spix in Wagner, 1827. New type material — neotype (Hayes et al. 2012: 730): NHMUK 1854.12.4.313.</p><p>Remarks. See comments under maculata Perry regarding synonymy.</p><p>hanleyi</p><p>Ampullaria hanleyi Reeve, 1856 . Type material — syntype: NMW.Z.1981.118.02830 (1 spm.).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FFE6320A39F54CFF68C971AED6F971	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Cowie, Robert H.	Cowie, Robert H. (2015): The recent apple snails of Africa and Asia (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Ampullariidae: Afropomus, Forbesopomus, Lanistes, Pila, Saulea): a nomenclatural and type catalogue. The apple snails of the Americas: addenda and corrigenda. Zootaxa 3940 (1): 1-92, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3940.1.1
03FFE6320A39F54CFF68CD2AA9FDFE41.text	03FFE6320A39F54CFF68CD2AA9FDFE41.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pomacea curumim	<div><p>curumim</p><p>Pomacea curumim Simone, 2004: 395, figs. 3, 4, 107, 108, 117, 118, 174–188. Type material — holotype [by original designation]: MZSP 30760; paratypes: MZSP 29844 (12 spms.), MZSP 29845 (29 spms.), MZSP 29846 (12 spms.). Type locality —“ Brazil – Pará: Xingu River, between Senador José Porfiro and Porto de Moz; 2°04'15''S 52°14'43.5'' W ”. Distribution —Xingu River between Senador José Porfirio and Porto de Moz cities, Pará, Brazil.</p><p>Remarks. Species described subsequent to Cowie &amp; Thiengo (2003).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FFE6320A39F54CFF68CD2AA9FDFE41	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Cowie, Robert H.	Cowie, Robert H. (2015): The recent apple snails of Africa and Asia (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Ampullariidae: Afropomus, Forbesopomus, Lanistes, Pila, Saulea): a nomenclatural and type catalogue. The apple snails of the Americas: addenda and corrigenda. Zootaxa 3940 (1): 1-92, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3940.1.1
03FFE6320A39F54CFF68CEA1AB15FD61.text	03FFE6320A39F54CFF68CEA1AB15FD61.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pomacea diffusa	<div><p>diffusa</p><p>Pomacea diffusa Blume, 1957 . Additional type material —possible paratype: MNHNM 1389 (1 spm., labelled “ paratype ”).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FFE6320A39F54CFF68CEA1AB15FD61	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Cowie, Robert H.	Cowie, Robert H. (2015): The recent apple snails of Africa and Asia (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Ampullariidae: Afropomus, Forbesopomus, Lanistes, Pila, Saulea): a nomenclatural and type catalogue. The apple snails of the Americas: addenda and corrigenda. Zootaxa 3940 (1): 1-92, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3940.1.1
03FFE6320A39F54CFF68CFA2A96AFC7D.text	03FFE6320A39F54CFF68CFA2A96AFC7D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pomacea falconensis	<div><p>falconensis</p><p>Pomacea falconensis Pain &amp; Arias, 1958 . Additional type material — paratypes: NHMUK 19592 (1 spm.), NHMUK 197543 (1 spm.), NMW.Z.1981.118.00230 (3 spms.).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FFE6320A39F54CFF68CFA2A96AFC7D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Cowie, Robert H.	Cowie, Robert H. (2015): The recent apple snails of Africa and Asia (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Ampullariidae: Afropomus, Forbesopomus, Lanistes, Pila, Saulea): a nomenclatural and type catalogue. The apple snails of the Americas: addenda and corrigenda. Zootaxa 3940 (1): 1-92, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3940.1.1
03FFE6320A39F54DFF68CB21AEA4FC11.text	03FFE6320A39F54DFF68CB21AEA4FC11.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pila hollingsworthi	<div><p>hollingsworthi</p><p>Pila (Pomacea) hollingsworthi Pain, 1946 . Revised detail of type material — paratype: NMW.Z.1981.118.00232 [incorrectly listed by Cowie &amp; Thiengo (2003: 66) as NMW.Z.1981.118.00198].</p><p>Additional remarks. NMW.Z.1981.118.00232 has “ paratype ” written in ink on the shell and has an operculum. It also fits the measurements in the original description closer than does NMW.Z.1981.118.00198. Although the label of the latter has “ paratype ” written on it, this is a modern NMW label on which Pain would have written the information before donating the specimen to the museum in the early 1980s. This specimen is now considered an author’s topotype.</p><p>insularum</p><p>Ampullaria insularum d’Orbigny, 1835 . Updated status of type material — lectotype (Hayes et al. 2012: 730): NHMUK 1854.12.4.313.</p><p>Remarks. See comments under maculata Perry regarding synonymy.</p><p>knorrii</p><p>Ampullariia Knorrii Philippi, 1852. Additional detail of type material – possible syntype: MNHNCL 15877 (1 spm., old number 61.043).</p><p>lamarckii</p><p>Ampullaria Lamarckii Philippi, 1852 . Additional detail of type material —possible syntype: MNHNCL 15886 (1 spm., old number 61.040).</p><p>levior</p><p>Ampullaria levior G.B. Sowerby III, 1909. Additional type material — syntype RBINS MT 1151 (1 spm.).</p><p>linnaei</p><p>Ampullaria Linnaei Philippi, 1852 . See Incertae sedis in family Ampullariidae, above.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FFE6320A39F54DFF68CB21AEA4FC11	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Cowie, Robert H.	Cowie, Robert H. (2015): The recent apple snails of Africa and Asia (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Ampullariidae: Afropomus, Forbesopomus, Lanistes, Pila, Saulea): a nomenclatural and type catalogue. The apple snails of the Americas: addenda and corrigenda. Zootaxa 3940 (1): 1-92, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3940.1.1
03FFE6320A38F54DFF68C8A9AECCF8B9.text	03FFE6320A38F54DFF68C8A9AECCF8B9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ampullaria martinezi	<div><p>martinezi</p><p>Ampullaria martinezi Hidalgo, 1866: 345, pl. 14, fig. 5. Additional type material — paralectotype: RBINS MT 1152 (1 spm.).</p><p>melanostoma</p><p>Ampullaria reflexa Var. melanostoma Philippi, 1852. Additional detail of type material —possible syntype (Köhler &amp; Glaubrecht 2006: 207): ZMB 109500 (1 spm., from Mexico).</p><p>meridaensis</p><p>Pomacea (Limnopomus) meridaensis Pain, 1950 . Additional detail of type material — holotype [by original designation]: the shell illustrated by Alderson (1925: pl. 11, fig. 7) in the Alderson collection, now NMW.Z.1981.118.00109 (illustrated by Verdourt et al. 2004: fig. 2); paratype: FMNH 38361 (1 spm.). Additional type material — paratypes: NMW.Z.1981.118.00110 (3 spms.), NMW.Z.1981.118.00459 (2 spms.), MMUE EE.3638 (1 spm. [Verdcourt et al. 2004: 188, as “MMUM”; McGhie 2008: 23]), USNM 595032 (2 spms.), ZMA 136140 (1 spm.).</p><p>+ miamiensis</p><p>Ampullaria miamiensis Pilsbry, 1899 . Additional detail of type material —possible paralectotypes: USNM 160193 (2 spms.) [only one spm. listed by Cowie &amp; Thiengo (2003: 69) with no catalogue number].</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FFE6320A38F54DFF68C8A9AECCF8B9	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Cowie, Robert H.	Cowie, Robert H. (2015): The recent apple snails of Africa and Asia (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Ampullariidae: Afropomus, Forbesopomus, Lanistes, Pila, Saulea): a nomenclatural and type catalogue. The apple snails of the Americas: addenda and corrigenda. Zootaxa 3940 (1): 1-92, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3940.1.1
03FFE6320A38F54DFF68CB79A82FF829.text	03FFE6320A38F54DFF68CB79A82FF829.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ampullaria neritiniformis	<div><p>neritiniformis</p><p>Ampullaria (Felipponea) neritiniformis Dall, 1919 . Additional type material — paratypes: USNM 332780 (1 spm.). USNM 332780X (3 spms.).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FFE6320A38F54DFF68CB79A82FF829	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Cowie, Robert H.	Cowie, Robert H. (2015): The recent apple snails of Africa and Asia (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Ampullariidae: Afropomus, Forbesopomus, Lanistes, Pila, Saulea): a nomenclatural and type catalogue. The apple snails of the Americas: addenda and corrigenda. Zootaxa 3940 (1): 1-92, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3940.1.1
03FFE6320A38F54DFF68CF81A9D9FBC9.text	03FFE6320A38F54DFF68CF81A9D9FBC9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pomacea maculata	<div><p>maculata</p><p>Pomacea maculata Perry, 1810 . New type material — neotype (Hayes et al. 2012: 730): NHMUK 1854.12.4.313.</p><p>Remarks. Hayes et al. (2012: 730) designated the same specimen as the neotype of gigas Spix, insularum d’Orbigny and maculata Perry, thereby rendering them objective synonyms.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FFE6320A38F54DFF68CF81A9D9FBC9	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Cowie, Robert H.	Cowie, Robert H. (2015): The recent apple snails of Africa and Asia (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Ampullariidae: Afropomus, Forbesopomus, Lanistes, Pila, Saulea): a nomenclatural and type catalogue. The apple snails of the Americas: addenda and corrigenda. Zootaxa 3940 (1): 1-92, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3940.1.1
03FFE6320A3BF54EFF68CCB9A920FC84.text	03FFE6320A3BF54EFF68CCB9A920FC84.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ampullaria nucleus	<div><p>nucleus</p><p>Ampullaria nucleus Philippi, 1852 . Updated status of type material — lectotype (Köhler &amp; Glaubrecht 2006: 207, fig. 2H): ZMB 1374a; paralectotype: ZMB 1374b [listed as syntypes by Cowie &amp; Thiengo (2003: 79)]. Additional remarks. Treated as incertae sedis among New World Ampullariidae by Cowie &amp; Thiengo (2003: 79). The name nucleus treated as a noun in apposition.</p><p>oligista</p><p>Pomacea (Effusa) oligista Pilsbry &amp; Olsson, 1953 . Additional type material — paratypes: USNM 605847 (3 spms.).</p><p>pachystoma</p><p>Ampullaria pachystoma Philippi, 1849 . Additional detail of type material —possible syntype: MNHNCL 15917 (1 spm., old number 61.044).</p><p>Additional remarks. The possible syntype is smaller and the shell banding pattern does not match the illustration of pachystoma given by Philippi (1852a: 44, pl. 12, fig. 5), though the labels identify it as pachystoma Philippi. However, although bigger than Philippi’s dimensions for crocostoma Philippi, the shape of the shell is a better match and the shell banding pattern is an excellent match. It is possible, therefore, that this shell is a syntype of crocostoma Philippi, perhaps the illustrated specimen.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FFE6320A3BF54EFF68CCB9A920FC84	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Cowie, Robert H.	Cowie, Robert H. (2015): The recent apple snails of Africa and Asia (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Ampullariidae: Afropomus, Forbesopomus, Lanistes, Pila, Saulea): a nomenclatural and type catalogue. The apple snails of the Americas: addenda and corrigenda. Zootaxa 3940 (1): 1-92, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3940.1.1
03FFE6320A3BF54EFF68C8E1AE76F9BC.text	03FFE6320A3BF54EFF68C8E1AE76F9BC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ampullaria picta	<div><p>picta</p><p>Ampullaria picta Reeve, 1856 . Additional type material — syntype: NMW.Z.1981.118.02827 (1 spm.).</p><p>pinei</p><p>Ampullaria pinei Dall, 1898 . Additional type material and detail of type material — syntypes: USNM 152699 (1 spm.), USNM 152699X (11 spms.).</p><p>+ planorbula</p><p>Ampullaria planorbula Philippi, 1852 . Updated status of type material — lectotype (Köhler &amp; Glaubrecht 2006: 208, fig. 3B): ZMB 2131 [listed as syntype by Cowie &amp; Thiengo (2003: 55)].</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FFE6320A3BF54EFF68C8E1AE76F9BC	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Cowie, Robert H.	Cowie, Robert H. (2015): The recent apple snails of Africa and Asia (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Ampullariidae: Afropomus, Forbesopomus, Lanistes, Pila, Saulea): a nomenclatural and type catalogue. The apple snails of the Americas: addenda and corrigenda. Zootaxa 3940 (1): 1-92, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3940.1.1
03FFE6320A3BF54EFF68CA72AAE9F92D.text	03FFE6320A3BF54EFF68CA72AAE9F92D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ampullaria pomum	<div><p>pomum</p><p>Ampullaria pomum Philippi, 1851 . Additional detail of type material —possible syntype: MNHNCL 15890 (1 spm.).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FFE6320A3BF54EFF68CA72AAE9F92D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Cowie, Robert H.	Cowie, Robert H. (2015): The recent apple snails of Africa and Asia (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Ampullariidae: Afropomus, Forbesopomus, Lanistes, Pila, Saulea): a nomenclatural and type catalogue. The apple snails of the Americas: addenda and corrigenda. Zootaxa 3940 (1): 1-92, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3940.1.1
03FFE6320A3BF54FFF68CAC2AB9EFE3C.text	03FFE6320A3BF54FFF68CAC2AB9EFE3C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ampullaria pulchella	<div><p>pulchella</p><p>Ampullaria pulchella Anton, 1838 . Type material — syntypes: MTD 1147 (2 spms.). Type locality —“Strom Parana in Brasilien ” [River Parana in Brasil].</p><p>Remarks. Cowie &amp; Thiengo (2003: 48) stated that the location of the type material and the type locality were unknown to them. In fact, a specimen identified, listed and illustrated by Schniebs (2002: 266, figs. 1a, b) as the “ holotype ” is in Dresden (MTD 1147). Its locality, as given in Anton’s handwritten inventory of his collection, is “Strom Parana in Brasilien ”. However, K. Schniebs (pers. comm. 2 February 2004) says that there were in fact three specimens in Anton’s possession. That identified as the “ holotype ” above was obtained by Anton from a Mr. Marguier and is the specimen from which Anton wrote the detailed description. A second specimen is from a Mr. Tile and is also listed as from “Parana in Brasilien ” in Anton’s handwritten catalog. A third specimen has no locality but Anton received it also from Mr. Tile. When the MTD mollusc collection was inventoried at the end of the 19th century, the third specimen was no longer present. The first two specimens were both given the MTD catalog number 1147. The identification by Schniebs (2002: 266, figs. 1a, b) of one of these as the “ holotype ” was not a valid lectotype designation (Code, Art. 74.7). Therefore, rather than a holotype and paratype, there are in fact two remaining syntypes.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FFE6320A3BF54FFF68CAC2AB9EFE3C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Cowie, Robert H.	Cowie, Robert H. (2015): The recent apple snails of Africa and Asia (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Ampullariidae: Afropomus, Forbesopomus, Lanistes, Pila, Saulea): a nomenclatural and type catalogue. The apple snails of the Americas: addenda and corrigenda. Zootaxa 3940 (1): 1-92, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3940.1.1
03FFE6320A3BF54EFF68CF6AAB65FB31.text	03FFE6320A3BF54EFF68CF6AAB65FB31.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pomacea palmeri	<div><p>palmeri</p><p>Pomacea palmeri Marshall, 1930 . Additional type material and detail of type material — paratypes: USNM 380697 (4 spms.).</p><p>Remarks. The lot (USNM 380698; 133 spms.) described by Marshall (1930: 5) as “embryonic shells” is not type material, as its listing separately from the “ type ” and “ paratypes ” expressly excludes it from the type series (Code, Art. 72.4.6).</p><p>phaeostoma</p><p>Ampullaria phaeostoma Philippi, 1852 . Type material —possible syntype: MNHNCL 15919 (1 spm., old number 61.035).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FFE6320A3BF54EFF68CF6AAB65FB31	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Cowie, Robert H.	Cowie, Robert H. (2015): The recent apple snails of Africa and Asia (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Ampullariidae: Afropomus, Forbesopomus, Lanistes, Pila, Saulea): a nomenclatural and type catalogue. The apple snails of the Americas: addenda and corrigenda. Zootaxa 3940 (1): 1-92, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3940.1.1
03FFE6320A3AF54FFF68CDF2AB27FAE9.text	03FFE6320A3AF54FFF68CDF2AB27FAE9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ampullaria retusa	<div><p>retusa</p><p>Ampullaria retusa Philippi, 1851 . Updated status of type material – lectotype (Köhler &amp; Glaubrecht, 2006: 209–210): ZMB 1339. Additional type material —possible paralectotypes: MNHNCL 15936 (2 spms., old number 61.073).</p><p>Additional remarks. Cowie &amp; Thiengo (2003: 74) listed this taxon in Pomacea as a New World ampullariid, synonymized with flagellata Say by Pain (1964: 227), but with some doubt regarding its type locality. However, the two MNHNCL specimens, of which Cowie &amp; Thiengo were not aware, are accompanied by a single calcified operculum, which would indicate that one at least of these shells is not a species of Pomacea but of Pila, and therefore an Old World, not New World species. Unfortunately, the lectotype, which is the specimen illustrated by Philippi (1851: pl. 5, fig. 1), has no associated operculum. However, its label reads “ Ampullaria retusa v. Olfers” (possibly in Philippi’s hand), and von Olfers, to whom Philippi attributed the name, was a German diplomat in Rio de Janeiro in the early nineteenth century and is known to have collected natural history specimens in Brasil and elsewhere in South America. In the same hand, the label also reads “Rio Rapunini – Schomburgk”, and Schomburgk had led an expedition in the then British Guiana (now Guyana). Also on this label, in another hand, is written “Original zu Phil. Chemn ed rev. 5,1”, indicating that it was the specimen illustrated by Philippi (1851: pl. 5, fig. 1). This detailed labelling indicates that the lectotype is almost certainly a New World species. The locality on the lectotype label and given by Philippi (1851: 18) as “Rio Rupunin” is here taken as correct, which indicates that this species is not a synonym of flagellata Say, which is a Central American species. One (perhaps both) of the MNHNCL specimens, the label of which says “ Ampullaria retusa v. Olf.” and “Brandt” (presumably the collector), appear not to be the same species as the lectotype. Therefore, one or both of the MNHNCL specimens either 1) were not part of the type series of Philippi and were misidentified, mis-labelled or a label from a different lot became associated with them; 2) were part of the type series of Philippi but had been mixed with the ZMB specimen prior to Philippi describing the species and were taken by him to be the same species as the ZMB specimen, or 3) were part of the type series and of New World origin, and the operculum is from another specimen that was placed with them by mistake. Further research is necessary to resolve the status of the MNHNCL specimens.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FFE6320A3AF54FFF68CDF2AB27FAE9	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Cowie, Robert H.	Cowie, Robert H. (2015): The recent apple snails of Africa and Asia (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Ampullariidae: Afropomus, Forbesopomus, Lanistes, Pila, Saulea): a nomenclatural and type catalogue. The apple snails of the Americas: addenda and corrigenda. Zootaxa 3940 (1): 1-92, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3940.1.1
03FFE6320A3AF54FFF68C989A892F8DD.text	03FFE6320A3AF54FFF68C989A892F8DD.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ampullaria reyrei	<div><p>reyrei</p><p>Ampullaria reyrei Cousin, 1887 . Additional type material — syntypes: RBINS MT 1153 (24 spms.).</p><p>robusta</p><p>Ampullaria robusta Philippi, 1852 . Additional detail of type material —possible syntype: MNHNCL 15879 (1 spm., old number 61.063, possibly the figured specimen).</p><p>+ sanjosensis</p><p>Pomacea cumingii sanjosensis Morrison, 1946 . Additional type material and detail of type material — paratypes: FMNH 41057 (4 spms.), FMNH 344362 (3 spms.), MMUE EE.3683 (1 spm.); possible paratypes: USNM 588458 (19 spms.), USNM 588459 (10 spms, 4 operculae), USNM 588511 (3 spms.), USNM 598924 (25 spms.), USNM 599037 (12 spms.).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FFE6320A3AF54FFF68C989A892F8DD	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Cowie, Robert H.	Cowie, Robert H. (2015): The recent apple snails of Africa and Asia (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Ampullariidae: Afropomus, Forbesopomus, Lanistes, Pila, Saulea): a nomenclatural and type catalogue. The apple snails of the Americas: addenda and corrigenda. Zootaxa 3940 (1): 1-92, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3940.1.1
03FFE6320A3AF530FF68CB52AAE9FD5D.text	03FFE6320A3AF530FF68CB52AAE9FD5D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ampullaria semitecta	<div><p>semitecta</p><p>Ampullaria semitecta Mousson, 1873 . Updated detail of type material — syntype: ZMZ 525283 [Cowie &amp; Thiengo (2003: 74) stated that type material had not been found in ZMZ].</p><p>strebeli</p><p>Ampullaria malleata var. Strebeli Fischer &amp; Crosse, 1890 (in [1870–1902]).</p><p>Additional remarks. This variety (see Cowie &amp; Thiengo, 2003: 75) was described by bibliographic reference to a work by Strebel (1874: 25, pl. 3, fig. 13, pl. 3a, figs. 13a, b), the publication date of which was given as 1873 by Cowie &amp; Thiengo (2003: 96). However, Martens (1874b: 362) wrote “Das Werk führt auf dem Tital die Jahrzahl 1873, ist aber thatsächlich in der ersten Hälfte des Monats Mai 1874 erschienen” [The work is dated 1873 on the title page, but actually appeared in the first half of May 1874].</p><p>tamsiana</p><p>Ampullaria Tamsiana Philippi, 1852 . Updated status of type material — lectotype (Köhler &amp; Glaubrecht 2006: 211, fig. 3J): ZMB 109502; possible paralectotypes: ZMB 109503 (2 spms.). Additional type material — paralectotypes: ZMB 111746 (3 spms.).</p><p>teres</p><p>Ampullaria teres Philippi, 1849 . Additional detail of type material – possible syntype: MNHNCL 15958 (1 spm.).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FFE6320A3AF530FF68CB52AAE9FD5D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Cowie, Robert H.	Cowie, Robert H. (2015): The recent apple snails of Africa and Asia (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Ampullariidae: Afropomus, Forbesopomus, Lanistes, Pila, Saulea): a nomenclatural and type catalogue. The apple snails of the Americas: addenda and corrigenda. Zootaxa 3940 (1): 1-92, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3940.1.1
03FFE6320A45F530FF68CED2A9F1FCCD.text	03FFE6320A45F530FF68CED2A9F1FCCD.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ampullaria trochulus	<div><p>trochulus</p><p>Ampullaria trochulus Reeve, 1856 . Additional detail of type material — syntype: NHMUK 20020685 (1 spm.). Additional type material — syntypes: NMW.Z.1981.118.02926 (2 spms.).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FFE6320A45F530FF68CED2A9F1FCCD	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Cowie, Robert H.	Cowie, Robert H. (2015): The recent apple snails of Africa and Asia (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Ampullariidae: Afropomus, Forbesopomus, Lanistes, Pila, Saulea): a nomenclatural and type catalogue. The apple snails of the Americas: addenda and corrigenda. Zootaxa 3940 (1): 1-92, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3940.1.1
03FFE6320A45F530FF68CFA2A9F5FB81.text	03FFE6320A45F530FF68CFA2A9F5FB81.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Nerita urceus	<div><p>urceus</p><p>Nerita urceus Müller, 1774 . Additional detail of type material — syntype: ZMUC GAS 242 (ex Moltke collection); possible syntypes: ZMUC GAS 243 (1 spm.), ZMUC GAS 244 (1 spm.) (both probably ex Moltke collection) [not found in ZMUC in 2002 (Cowie &amp; Thiengo, 2003: 76)].</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FFE6320A45F530FF68CFA2A9F5FB81	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Cowie, Robert H.	Cowie, Robert H. (2015): The recent apple snails of Africa and Asia (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Ampullariidae: Afropomus, Forbesopomus, Lanistes, Pila, Saulea): a nomenclatural and type catalogue. The apple snails of the Americas: addenda and corrigenda. Zootaxa 3940 (1): 1-92, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3940.1.1
03FFE6320A45F530FF68C811A954FB31.text	03FFE6320A45F530FF68C811A954FB31.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pomacea zeteki	<div><p>zeteki</p><p>Pomacea zeteki Morrison, 1946 . Additional type material — paratypes: FMNH 41058 (6 spms.). Additional details of type material — paratypes: USNM 542138 (36 spms.).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FFE6320A45F530FF68C811A954FB31	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Cowie, Robert H.	Cowie, Robert H. (2015): The recent apple snails of Africa and Asia (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Ampullariidae: Afropomus, Forbesopomus, Lanistes, Pila, Saulea): a nomenclatural and type catalogue. The apple snails of the Americas: addenda and corrigenda. Zootaxa 3940 (1): 1-92, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3940.1.1
03FFE6320A45F530FF68C8E1A891FA51.text	03FFE6320A45F530FF68C8E1A891FA51.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pomacea zischkai	<div><p>zischkai</p><p>Pomacea zischkai Blume &amp; Pain, 1952 . Additional type material — paratype: ZMA 136139 (1 spm.); possible paratypes: USNM 667036 (2 spms.), MNHNM 6275 (1 spm., labelled “ paratype ”).</p><p>z onata</p><p>Ampullaria zonata d’Orbigny, 1835 . Additional type material – possible syntype: MNHNCL 15872 (1 spm., old number 61.045, as spixii d’Orbigny, 1838).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FFE6320A45F530FF68C8E1A891FA51	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Cowie, Robert H.	Cowie, Robert H. (2015): The recent apple snails of Africa and Asia (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Ampullariidae: Afropomus, Forbesopomus, Lanistes, Pila, Saulea): a nomenclatural and type catalogue. The apple snails of the Americas: addenda and corrigenda. Zootaxa 3940 (1): 1-92, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3940.1.1
