identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
03FC87FACB33AB7AFF36FD5C18FD6FCD.text	03FC87FACB33AB7AFF36FD5C18FD6FCD.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Chirosiomima Hennig 1966	<div><p>Genus Chirosiomima Hennig, 1966</p><p>(Figs. 1–3, 4–9, 10–12, 13, 14)</p><p>Chirosiomima Hennig 1966: 29 . Type species now fixed (under Article 70.3 of the Code) as Pegomyia obscurinervis Emden, 1941, misidentified as Hylemyia gestroi Séguy, 1930 in the original designation by Hennig (1966).</p><p>Description. Size. Very small to small anthomyiids; wing length 2.5–4.5mm.</p><p>Colour. Ground colour of head, body and appendages very variable, ranging from specimens with extensively ochre yellow head, body and appendages (except for a round, brown or blackish mark on upper part of parafacials), to specimens with wholly darkened body, posterior part of head, distal part of postpedicel and fore femur. Head, prementum and body covered in pale grey dusting revealing no darker pattern on dorsum of thorax and abdomen except for a pair of vague brown dorsocentral stripes on scutum. Calypteres white, halter ochre yellow. Wing slightly tinged with ochre brown, sometimes narrowly brownish infuscated at cross-veins r–m and dm–cu.</p><p>Male. (Fig. 1). Head: Fully feminized; outer and inner vertical setae strong; upper occiput bare behind short postocular setae; broad frons with frontal vitta about 3 times as wide as each parafrontal, with a pair of interfrontal setae; each parafrontal with two reclinate and one proclinate orbital setae followed by one inclinate frontal seta. Fronto-parafacial angle prominent, in profile view reaching well beyond lower margin of face; parafacial strongly narrowing downwards, in the middle about half as wide as postpedicel. Gena broad, in lateral view about 1.5 times as broad as postpedicel, bare except for a few setae in a single row. Postpedicel about 2 times as long as broad; arista short, basally rather thickened, aristal pubescence much shorter than greatest basal diameter of arista. Proboscis short with small labella and numerous small, bicuspid teeth (Fig. 2); palpus slender.</p><p>Thorax: Acrostichals no stronger than surrounding ground setulae, in rows standing closer to each other than to dorsocentral rows and without setulae between rows. Prealar seta much shorter than posterior notopleural seta, often no stronger than adjacent ground setulae. Proepisternals 1 seta and 1 setula; proepimerals 1 seta and 1 setula. Anepisternum without setae in upper anterior corner. Katepisternals 1 + 1. Lower calypter much shorter than upper calypter, forming a shallow lobe.</p><p>Wings: Vein C with a row of v setulae on more than basal two-thirds. Cross-vein dm–cu straight and upright.</p><p>Legs: Fore tibia with ad seta, without p or pv seta, apically only with d seta and pv seta. Mid femur with 0–1 av and 1–2 pv setae near base; mid tibia with 1 ad and 1–2 pd setae. Hind femur with 3–5 av setae on distal two-thirds and 1–2 pv setae on basal half; hind tibia with 1 av, 3 ad and 2 pd setae, without any p or pv setae, apically without pd seta but with pv seta.</p><p>Abdomen: Short, subcylindrical. Tergites III–V with weak marginal setae, tergite V also with short discal setae. Tergite VI bare. Sternite IV not longer than wide. Sternite V with posterior lobes mesally expanded on distal part (Figs. 4, 10); surstyli slender, narrowly incised at apex (Figs. 5–7, 11); pregonites with two robust apical setae, laterobasally fused with hind margin of hypandrium; postgonites much shorter and weaker than pregonites and bare apart from a few sensilla (Fig. 8). Short distiphallus laterally fused with large basiphallus into an anvil-shaped structure (Fig. 9); small epiphallus supported by a vertical sclerite uniting the hypandrial arms behind phallus (Fig. 8); usual articulation between hypandrial arms and surstyli abandoned due to absence of bacilliform sclerites.</p><p>Female. (Fig. 3). Almost indiscernible from the male apart from the structure of the terminalia. Oviscapt (Figs. 12–14) rather short and thick; spiracles VI and VII moved forward, situated about middle of tergite VI; sternite VI enlarged and convex; tergites VII and VIII devoid of usual hind marginal setae and setulae; tergite VII split into a pair of widely separated plates firmly aligned with sternite VII laterally and with tergite VIII dorsally; sternite VII pieces forming pointed extensions at lateral hind corners.</p><p>Monophyly and relationships of Chirosiomima Hennig. As presently defined, the genus Chirosiomima Hennig includes only two species, the Southern Mediterranean C. gestroi (Séguy) and the Northern Afrotropical and South Asian C. obscurinervis (Emden) .</p><p>After exclusion of the species C. collini Ackland and C. curtigena (Ringdahl), the genus is homogenous and monophyletic beyond reasonable doubt. Affirmative evidence is found in the structure of the terminalia. Female: sternite V enlarged and convex; tergites VII and VIII devoid of hind marginal setae and setulae; tergite VII split into a pair of widely separated plates transposed beneath tergite VIII and closely aligned with lateral margins of sternite VII. Male: pregonites much larger than postgonites and firmly attached to central plate of the hypandrium; postgonites inconspicuous and twisted, bare apart from a few sensilla; phallus of very peculiar anvil-shape with a poorly differentiated distiphallus; articulation between hypandrium and surstyli abandoned in the absence of bacilliform sclerites.</p><p>Hennig (1976b: lix) commented on the status and possible relationships of Chirosiomima, but his definition of the genus was probably polyphyletic by inclusion of the species collini Ackland and curtigena Ringdahl. As presently defined, morphology may suggest a possible closest relationship between Chirosiomima and Fucellia Robineau-Desvoidy, though the evidence at hand is far from persuasive. The latter genus consists of 22 littoral species, most of them found in seashore habitats of the Northern Hemisphere. The monophyly of Fucellia is well supported by the following autapomorphies: presence of a submarginal row of spaced setal spines on ventral surface of vein C; epiphallus reduced, replaced by a vertical sclerotized strut articulated with basiphallus; 6th pair of spiracles in the female displaced forward from hind corners of tergite VI to membranous “intersegmental” section of segment VI or even further forward to tergite V. Both genera contain “terrestrial” species in which the male head is fully feminized, and both sexes have small eyes, broad genae, reduced lower calypteres, and usual hair-like setulae missing beneath tip of scutellum. Males of both genera agree in the following: cerci forming a short and broad, shield-like plate beneath an enlarged proctiger field.</p><p>Biology. Virtually nothing is known. Material of Chirosiomima is remarkably scarce in the collections, which suggests that both known species are specialized and selective in their habitat requirements.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FC87FACB33AB7AFF36FD5C18FD6FCD	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Michelsen, Verner	Michelsen, Verner (2014): Taxonomic assessment of Chirosiomima Hennig (Diptera: Anthomyiidae), with proposal of a new genus for Hylemyia curtigena Ringdahl. Zootaxa 3790 (1): 86-102, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3790.1.4
03FC87FACB30AB7DFF36FA84192369F9.text	03FC87FACB30AB7DFF36FA84192369F9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Chirosiomima gestroi (Séguy 1930) Seguy 1930	<div><p>Chirosiomima gestroi (Séguy, 1930)</p><p>(Figs. 1, 2, 4–9, 12, 13)</p><p>Hylemyia gestroi Séguy, 1930: 88, figs. 4, 5.</p><p>Chirosiomima gestroi (Séguy); Hennig 1966: 30 (in part: Libya and Tunisia); Hennig 1976a: 928 (in part: Libya and Tunisia).</p><p>Identity of Hylemyia gestroi Séguy. Séguy (1930) described this species primarily from a single female from Al Jaghbub (“Giarabub”) [29°44′N 24°30′E], a Libyan oasis in the desert near the Egypt border. It was collected in March 1927 by M. Confalioneri. A 1st instar larva retrieved from this female was also described. Supplementary material available to Séguy was an unspecified number of females from Bou-Hedma in Tunisia collected in March and April [1929] by M.C. Dumont. When Hennig (1966) revised this species in a new genus, Chirosiomima, he considered the Libyan female deposited in the Museo Civico di Storia Naturale, Genua, and labelled “Cotypus” as the holotype of Hylemyia gestroi . This I regard as a lectotype designation by inference. Hennig further noted that he had seen Séguy’s supplementary material from Tunisia consisting of 20 females deposited in the Paris Museum. These should be regarded as paralectotypes of Hylemyia gestroi . I have not seen the type material of Hylemyia gestroi, but have been able to examine additional material, consisting of both males and females, from Tunisia collected by M. C. Dumont. I found the specimens in a box with unsorted Diptera on a visit to the Paris Museum in 1985. The female holotype of Hylemyia gestroi Séguy from Libya is no doubt conspecific with the species of Chirosiomima occurring in Tunisia.</p><p>Because he had no males from either Libya or Tunisia, Hennig (1966) based his redescription of Chirosiomima gestroi (Séguy), with illustrations of the male and female genitalia, on specimens in the Stuttgart Museum collected in Iran in 1954 by W. Richter &amp; F. Schäuffele. This was unfortunate, as the present study revealed significant differences in the male and female terminalia between specimens from Tunisia and Iran, respectively. As detailed below, Hennig’s redescription of “ C. gestroi (Séguy) ” refers actually to a different species, C. obscurinervis (Emden, 1941) .</p><p>Material examined. TUNISIA: Gafsa Prov.: Bou-Hedma, 85km E Gafsa [34°28'N, 9°34'E], 1♂ 8♀ iv.1929, 1 ♂ 19♀ v.1929 (C. Dumont) [MNHN, ZMUC]. Tozeur Prov.: Tozeur [33°55'N, 8°07'E], 1♀ 2.v.1921 (C. Dumont) [MNHN]. ISRAEL: Negev (“Southern Palestine ”): Treibe, 1♀ 1.v.1953 (O. Theodor) [TAUI].</p><p>Description. Very similar to C. obscurinervis (Emden), but different as follows:</p><p>Upper part of parafrontalia, at level of antennal bases, with a less well defined brownish spot (Fig. 1). Ground colour of thorax invariably wholly dark, that of abdomen extensively dark with postabdomen and sometimes hind margin of tergite V ochre yellow. Legs including tarsi wholly ochre yellow, or femora more or less darkened. Wing without darkening and clouding of cross-veins r–m and dm–cu. Male: Sternite V (Fig. 4) with moderately enlarged, simple setae on posterior lobes. Surstyli (Figs. 5–7) longer and distally wider, with a distinct incision near apex. Female: Sternite VI (Figs. 12, 13) enlarged but evenly convex, not forming a hump on posterior part.</p><p>Distribution. Recorded from Libya and Tunisia (Séguy 1930). Presently also from Israel. Records from Iran (Hennig 1966) refer to the following species, C. obscurinervis .</p><p>Biology. Virtually nothing is known. The localities suggest that the species lives exclusively in arid semidesert, dune and steppe biomes, often in the vicinity of oases. Séguy (1930) showed that the female is capable of keeping an incubated egg with a 1st instar larva in the vagina. This phenomenon called simultaneous viviparity (Meier et al. 1999) is not uncommon (unpubl. obs.) among anthomyiid taxa breeding in short-lived organic substrates. On a collecting trip to Tunisia in March 1986 I searched without success after Chirosiomima gestroi in the Bou-Hedma area where C. Dumont collected most of his specimens on several occasions back in 1929.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FC87FACB30AB7DFF36FA84192369F9	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Michelsen, Verner	Michelsen, Verner (2014): Taxonomic assessment of Chirosiomima Hennig (Diptera: Anthomyiidae), with proposal of a new genus for Hylemyia curtigena Ringdahl. Zootaxa 3790 (1): 86-102, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3790.1.4
03FC87FACB37AB70FF36FCD81D386AA6.text	03FC87FACB37AB70FF36FCD81D386AA6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Chirosiomima obscurinervis (Emden 1941) Emden 1941	<div><p>Chirosiomima obscurinervis (Emden, 1941), sp. rev.</p><p>(Figs. 3, 10, 11, 14)</p><p>Pegomyia obscurinervis Emden, 1941: 262 .</p><p>“ Chirosiomima gestroi (Séguy) ”; Hennig 1966: 30 (in part: Iran), text figs. 27–31, table figs. 11, 39, 70; Hennig 1976a: 928 (in part: Iran); Hennig 1976b: lix, text figs. A129, A130; Pont &amp; Ackland 1980: 716. Misidentifications.</p><p>Identity of Pegomyia obscurinervis Emden. Because of wartime Emden (1941) described Pegomyia obscurinervis in a few words only in a key based on an unspecified number of [male] specimens from Ghana (“ Gold Coast ”) and Yemen (“ Aden Protectorate ”). He did not even mention that the head of the male is broadfronted, fully feminized, but stated that the assignment of this tiny anthomyiid in Pegomyia was quite preliminary, as it differed substantially from known members of that genus, e.g. by having an apical pv seta on hind tibia. Pont &amp; Ackland (1980) saw the type material in the London Museum and transferred Emden’s species to the genus Chirosiomima Hennig. They further treated Emden’s species as a new junior synonym of C. gestroi (Séguy, 1930), because they found that the male terminalia, notably the presence of some huge and curiously modified setae on sternite V, agreed with Hennig’s (1966) redescription of C. gestroi . However, it is now evident that the “new” material from Iran on which Hennig based his redescription of C. gestroi belongs to a different, but closely related species. Present examination of the Iranian material in the Stuttgart Museum consisting of 1♂ and 11♀ revealed that this belongs to C. obscurinervis (Emden, 1941) . Accordingly, that species is presently resurrected from synonymy.</p><p>Material examined. GHANA (“ Gold Coast ”): Accra [5°32'N, 0°12'W], lectotype ♂ of Pegomyia obscurinervis Emden, 1941 by present designation, “in house” iv.1921 (J.W. Scott Macfie) [BMNH]. YEMEN (“ Aden Protectorate ”): Al Waht, ca. 6mls S of Lahij (“Lahej”) [12°58′N 44°53′E], 70m, “taken at light in government guest-house”, paralectotype ♂ (mid and hind legs and abdomen missing) 11.i.1940 (P.W.R. Petrie) [BMNH]. IRAN: Sistan &amp; Baluchestan Province: Iranshahr [27°12′N 60°41′E], 800m, 1♀ 1–10.iv.1954, 2♀ 11–21.iv.1954 (W. Richter &amp; F. Schäuffele) [SMNS]; dunes NW of Espakeh (“Rig Ispakeh”) [26°50′N 60°10′E], c. 760m, 1♂ 7♀ 2.iv.1954 (W. Richter &amp; F. Schäuffele) [SMNS, ZMUC]. Kerman Province: Anbarabad SW of Jiroft (“Anbar-Abad, Djiroft”) [28°28′N 57°50′E], c. 600m, 1♀ 21–30.iv.1956 (W. Richter) [SMNS].</p><p>Description. Very similar to C. gestroi (Séguy), but different as follows: Parafrontalia on upper part, at level of antennal bases, with a conspicuous circular, blackish mark (Fig. 3). Ground colour of thorax more variable, ranging from wholly ochre yellow (as seen in the type specimens from Ghana and Yemen) to wholly dark, often with only postpronotal lobes and tip of scutellum ochre yellow. Ground colour of abdomen also more variable, ranging from wholly dark including the terminalia to wholly ochre yellow. Femora and tibiae ochre yellow or more or less darkened, especially the femora; tarsi or at least distal tarsomeres brownish infuscate, darker than tibiae. Wing with cross-veins r–m and dm–cu darkened and narrowly clouded (often very faded in old specimens!). Male: Sternite V (Fig. 10) with 4–5 enlarged and flattened, inwardly directed setae on posterior lobes. Surstyli (Fig. 11) shorter, narrower distally and with apical incision poorly developed. Female: Sternite VI (Fig. 14) on posterior part convex and forming a small submarginal hump.</p><p>Distribution. Known by single male individuals from Ghana and Yemen (Emden 1941). Presently also recorded from Iran.</p><p>Biology. Found in a dune area in Iran. Also taken “in house” in Ghana and “at light in government guesthouse” in Yemen.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FC87FACB37AB70FF36FCD81D386AA6	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Michelsen, Verner	Michelsen, Verner (2014): Taxonomic assessment of Chirosiomima Hennig (Diptera: Anthomyiidae), with proposal of a new genus for Hylemyia curtigena Ringdahl. Zootaxa 3790 (1): 86-102, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3790.1.4
03FC87FACB3AAB72FF36FE6B18A5698F.text	03FC87FACB3AAB72FF36FE6B18A5698F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Botanophila collini (Ackland 1968) Ackland 1968	<div><p>Botanophila collini (Ackland, 1968), comb. nov.</p><p>(Figs. 15–20, 21–26)</p><p>Chirosiomima collini Ackland, 1968: 652, figs. 1–7; Hennig 1976a: 928.</p><p>Relationships. Ackland (1968) described a small anthomyiid fly from Kyrgyzstan as Chirosiomima collini based on some male specimens found on excrement at 2600m. The primary reason for referring this new species to Chirosiomima was obviously the presence of a row of 4–6 enlarged, inclinate setae basally on the posterior lobes of sternite V, a defining character of the only species described in Chirosiomima by Hennig (1966). However, new evidence has proven Hennig to be wrong: these specialized setae are present in C. obscurinervis but not in the closely related species C. gestroi . The male terminalia in C. collini deviate in most respects substantially from those of C. obscurinervis and C. gestroi, which suggests that the superficially similar chaetotaxy of sternite V in C. collini and C. obscurinervis has been attained through homoplasy. Other specialized character states that Ackland’s species share with Chirosiomima (male head feminized; scutellum without setulae beneath tip; lower calypter reduced in size; and hind tibia with apical pv seta) are relatively trivial as they tend to develop in concert as a consequence of turning from a plesiomorphic “aerial” life habit to an apomorphic “terrestrial” one. This shift in life habit has evidently taken place repeatedly in the anthomyiid evolutionary tree. The structure of the pregonites and phallus in C. collini is in good agreement with the specialized state of these parts in the large, immensely diverse genus Botanophila Lioy and I propose therefore, assented by D. M. Ackland (in litt.), the new combination Botanophila collini (Ackland, 1968) .</p><p>Material examined. KYRGYZSTAN: Chong Kizyl-Suu river, Terskei Plateau, 2600m, on excrement, paratype ♂, 1.v.1965 (Vtorov) [UMNH]. RUSSIA: Respublica Altai: Kosh-Agachskiy Rayon, Naryn-Gol River [49°49’N 89°32’E], 2520m, in marmot burrow, 1♂ 15–19.vii.2009 (V. Sorokina) [ZMUC].</p><p>Description. Male. (Fig. 15). Very small, wing length c. 2.8mm.</p><p>Colour: Head, body and appendages dark brown to black, extensively covered in dark grey dusting, even on prementum. Head ochre yellow on lower half of broad frons, dusting on parafrontals and parafacials without usual silvery shine, parafacials above middle with a reflecting dark mark. Brown striping pattern faintly developed on mesonotum, especially along dorsocentral setal rows. Calypteres and halter whitish with a light brown tinge. Abdomen with a broad, poorly delimited middorsal dark stripe; tergo-sternite VII + VIII shiny black on anterolateral parts.</p><p>Head (Figs. 15, 16): Fully feminized; lower facial margin lying slightly behind fronto-parafacial angle in profile view; parafacial in middle only half as wide as postpedicel; gena in profile about as wide as postpedicel, with a single row of robust setae; frons broad, frontal vitta c. 3/5 as wide as total frontal width, with strong inner and outer vertical setae, a pair of interfrontal setae, three orbital setae and two frontal setae plus some setulae; upper occiput practically bare beneath short postoculars. Antenna short; arista pubescence distinct, but shorter than greatest basal diameter of arista. Proboscis short with small labella and normal bicuspid teeth.</p><p>Thorax: Setulae on anterior declivity of mesonotum and postpronotal lobes rather coarse and stiff. Acrostichal rows standing closer to each other than to dorsocentral rows, middle pair in front of suture enlarged. Prealar seta shorter than posterior notopleural seta. Proepisternals 2 setae; proepimerals 1 seta and 1 setula. Anepisternum without setae in upper anterior corner. Katepisternals 2 + 1. Lower calypter reduced to an almost linear, narrow fold.</p><p>Wings: Rather slender due to weakly developed anal angle. Vein C with a row of v setulae on more than basal two-thirds, basal to costal break with slightly enlarged av spinules. Cross-vein dm–cu straight and upright.</p><p>Legs: Fore tibia with ad seta, without p or pv setae, apically only with ad seta and longer d seta. Mid femur with a few av setae basally and some longish pv setae in basal half; mid tibia with 1 ad and 2 pd setae. Hind femur with a row of robust av setae and a few long pv setae near middle; hind tibia with 1 av seta, 3 ad setae, 2 pd setae, without any p or pv setae and apically without pd seta but with short but robust pv seta.</p><p>Abdomen (Fig. 15): Short and club-shaped with enlarged terminalia. Tergites III–V with marginal setae weak except laterally on tergite V, without discal setae. Tergite VI exposed, bare. Sternite I setulose; sternites II–IV (Fig. 17) foreshortened, wider than long; sternite V (Figs. 18, 19) enlarged, its basal apodeme reaching beneath three preceding sternites. Cerci and surstyli robust, relatively large compared to epandrium (Figs. 21–23); surstyli with subapical incision reduced, forming a tiny notch at midlength (Fig. 22, arrow); cerci apically acutely pointed and freely projected between surstyli. Hypandrium, gonites and phallic complex (Figs. 24–26) of the Botanophila - type, i.e. pregonites shallow, firmly connected to central plate of hypandrium; distiphallus very reduced.</p><p>Female. Unknown.</p><p>Distribution. Central Asia. Previously known only from the type locality in Kyrgyzstan (Ackland 1968); presently also from Respublica Altai in Russia.</p><p>Biology. Males have been found on excrement at 2600m in Kyrgyzstan (Ackland 1968) and in burrows of the Altai Marmot ( Marmota baibacina Kastschenko) at 2520m in the Altai Mts. Details about the latter locality are given by Sorokina &amp; Pont (2011). These authors also document the importance of alpine marmot colonies as a habitat for muscid and fanniid Diptera, whether as obligate commensals exploiting marmot excrement and carcasses as food and breeding substrate, or as adventitious visitors using the burrows as shelter from harsh weather conditions. The female and immature stages are unknown, but the “terrestrial” appearance of the male fly suggests that Botanophila collini belongs to the community of dipteran commensals in marmot burrows.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FC87FACB3AAB72FF36FE6B18A5698F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Michelsen, Verner	Michelsen, Verner (2014): Taxonomic assessment of Chirosiomima Hennig (Diptera: Anthomyiidae), with proposal of a new genus for Hylemyia curtigena Ringdahl. Zootaxa 3790 (1): 86-102, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3790.1.4
03FC87FACB39AB73FF36FF061C8C6FE8.text	03FC87FACB39AB73FF36FF061C8C6FE8.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ringdahlia	<div><p>Genus Ringdahlia gen. n.</p><p>Type species: Hylemyia curtigena Ringdahl, 1935 .</p><p>Etymology. The new genus is named after the Swedish dipterist Oscar Ringdahl (1885–1966), author of the type species. He was a dedicated collector of Diptera Brachycera from all parts of Sweden. His early acquaintance with the German dipterist Paul Stein (1852–1921) may have given him the impetus to take special interest in the muscoid families ( Muscidae, Fanniidae and Anthomyiidae). He soon became the foremost authority on this important but notoriously difficult group of flies in Scandinavia.</p><p>Diagnosis. The following combination of characters may help to separate male and female Ringdahlia from other anthomyiid genera: medium sized, sexually dimorphic, body and appendages extensively dark-coloured; arista short-pubescent; male head (Fig. 28) in lateral view with antenna inserted beneath the middle and gena narrow, only half as wide as postpedicel; female frons relatively narrow, on lower part only one-third of total width of head (Fig. 30); setulae on upper occiput and anterior declivity of thorax rather coarse and blunt (Figs. 28, 30); presutural rows of acrostichals wider apart from each other than their distance to dorsocentral rows and with setulae present between rows (Fig. 30); vein C with v setulae; mid tibia with 0 av, 1 ad, 4–6 pd and 0 pv setae; hind tibia with 3–4 pd setae, without p or pv setae, apically without pd and pv setae; male terminalia of unique structure in respect to epandrium, cercal plate and surstyli (Figs. 33–39); female oviscapt (Fig. 43) short, basally thick with large tergites VI and VII partly exposed and covered in grey dusting; field of enlarged spiniform scales developed in ventral “intersegmental” membrane of segment VIII.</p><p>Relationships. Hennig (1972, 1976a) admitted that his attempts to classify Hylemyia curtigena Ringdahl in a “modern” genus were either preliminary or poorly substantiated. As shown in the following, morphology presents ample justification for classifying the present species in a new genus, Ringdahlia gen. nov. At first sight, the male of R. curtigena (Fig. 27) looks unremarkable with the typical appearance of an aerial anthomyiid fly, perhaps suggestive of a Botanophila or Lasiomma species. On closer inspection, the male terminalia exhibit a wealth of autapomorphic details presenting no obvious hints on relationships to existing anthomyiid genera. The small, extensively membranized distiphallus is superficially suggestive of Botanophila, but such relationship is not supported by the slender, articulated pregonites. The female, that has now become available for study, has an oviscapt (Fig. 43) without any of the defining characteristics of Chirosiomima (Fig. 12). Besides that, the morphology of the female presents no evidence in support of a closest relationship to any known genus or group of genera.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FC87FACB39AB73FF36FF061C8C6FE8	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Michelsen, Verner	Michelsen, Verner (2014): Taxonomic assessment of Chirosiomima Hennig (Diptera: Anthomyiidae), with proposal of a new genus for Hylemyia curtigena Ringdahl. Zootaxa 3790 (1): 86-102, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3790.1.4
03FC87FACB39AB77FF36FAB41E9E6F76.text	03FC87FACB39AB77FF36FAB41E9E6F76.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ringdahlia curtigena (Ringdahl 1935) Ringdahl 1935	<div><p>Ringdahlia curtigena (Ringdahl, 1935), comb. n.</p><p>(Figs. 27–30, 31–42, 43)</p><p>Hylemyia curtigena Ringdahl, 1935: 28; Tiensuu 1936a: 21, fig. 9; Tiensuu 1936b: 164, 166. Lasiomma ? curtigena (Ringdahl); Hennig 1972: 431, text figs. 384, 385, plate figs. 679, 682, 695, 696. Lasiomma curtigena (Ringdahl); Suwa 1977: 6, figs. 6–10; Fan et al. 1988: 61, figs. 121–123; Wei et al. 1998: 662, fig. 1482;</p><p>Michelsen 2004; Hua 2006: 100.</p><p>Chirosiomima curtigena (Ringdahl); Hennig 1976a: 928; Hennig 1976b: lix; Suwa 1999: 216. Chirofiomima [sic!] curtigena (Ringdahl); Hua 2006: 96.</p><p>Notes on the type material. Ringdahl (1935) wrote about Hylemyia curtigena: “ 2♂ aus Sortavala in Finland (leg. Mag. L. Tiensuu).” Hennig (1972) stated that his redescription of the species was based on the holotype ♂ deposited in the Helsinki Museum. This suggests that Ringdahl did not see both males, when he described the species. Hennig (1972) and Dely-Drakovits (1993) both overlooked that the type locality Sortavala is no longer in Finland, but situated in Russian Karelia.</p><p>Description. Male. Medium sized, rather delicate anthomyiid (Fig. 27); wing length 3.4–4.5mm.</p><p>Colour: Head, body and appendages dark brown to black, covered in grey to bluish grey dusting with a distinct dark subshine on dorsum of thorax and abdomen. Dark striping on mesonotum obsolete except for a broad median stripe before suture visible in posterior view. Middorsal dark markings on tergites II–V of abdomen expanded anteriorly as laterally tapering fore-marginal bands. Calypteres whitish in contrast to light brownish tinged wing base; halter light yellow.</p><p>Head (Fig. 28) narrow and deep with antennae inserted well below middle. Fronto-parafacial angle in line with lower facial margin. Eyes large, bare. Aristal pubescence about same length as greatest basal diameter of arista. Mouthparts short; prementum with grey dusting. Frons at narrowest point much narrower than anterior ocellus and with frontal vitta suppressed by linear parafrontalia. Frontals 3–4 pairs in lower third, interfrontals 2 setulose pairs in middle of frons, orbital setulae absent. Upper occiput with blunt setulae. Parafacial narrow, in middle only onethird as wide as postpedicel. Gena in profile only half as wide as postpedicel, genals in 2–3 rows.</p><p>Thorax: Setulae on anterior declivity of mesonotum and postpronotal lobes rather coarse and blunt. Acrostichal rows in front of suture wider apart than their distance to dorsocentral rows and with setulae abundant between the rows. Prealar seta strong, about same length as anterior notopleural seta. Proepisternals 1 seta and 1–3 setulae. Proepimerals numerous, consisting of 1–2 setae and 12–18 setulae. Anepisternum with 2 setae in upper anterior corner weakly developed. Katepisternals 2 + 2. Lower calypter slightly smaller than and covered by upper calypter in lateral view. Vein C with a row of v setulae except in distal quarter.</p><p>Legs: Fore tibia without p or pv seta, apically only with distinct d and pv setae. Mid femur with entire row of av setae being short and setulose except for 1–2 stronger subapical ones, without pv setae; mid tibia with 1 ad and 4–6 subequal pd setae, without setae on av to pv surfaces. Hind femur with row of av setae being quite long and strong on subapical third, and a row of much shorter and finer pv setae interrupted subapically; hind tibia with 4–5 short av setae, 5–6 ad setae, 3–4 pd setae, without p or pv setae, apically without pd and pv setae.</p><p>Abdomen (Fig. 27): Strongly depressed, even on caudal segments. Tergites II–V with marginal setae, discal setae only present laterally on tergite V. Tergite VI bare. Sternite V (Figs. 31, 32) of characteristic shape and with a specialized chaetotaxy resembling that found in Chirosiomima obscurinervis . Hypopygium (Figs. 33–35) with a notably deep and shallow epandrium delimiting a large, triangular proctiger field, a pair of cerci united in a big, transverse, shield-like plate, and a pair of very short and delicate surstyli of peculiar shape. As a further peculiarity, the cerci (Figs. 36–39) have developed accessory structures consisting of a ventral sclerite complex (x) and a rodlike, acutely bowed sclerite (y). The bowed sclerite rod may function as a spring enabling the ventral sclerite complex (during copulation?) to shift between two positions relative to the cercal shield. A narrow continuous sclerite bridge connects the surstyli dorsobasally with the epandrium. A broader sclerotized connection exists between the surstyli ventrobasally and the cerci. Hypandrium small with converging arms articulating with the surstyli through a pair of large bacilliform sclerites. Pregonites articulating with hypandrium, about same size as postgonites (Fig. 40). External extension of phallapodeme short, not reaching hind margin of hypandrium. Basiphallus short, with normal epiphallus; distiphallus small, largely membranized except for a pair of anterobasal sclerotized rods (Figs. 41, 42).</p><p>Female. Apart from usual sexual differences with the following characteristics: Frontal vitta ochre yellow to reddish brown on lower half. Abdomen with strong dark subshine through thin layer of grey dusting that even covers tergites VI and VII of the oviscapt. Frons (Fig. 30) strikingly narrow, on lower part barely more than onethird of greatest width of head. Also parafrontalia narrow, only about one-third as wide as frontal vitta. Frons with 3 pairs of orbital, 2 pairs of frontal and 1 pair of interfrontal setae, all quite strong. Genals fewer, standing in one row. Labella (Fig. 29) unremarkable, with average sized bifurcating prestomal teeth. Proepimerals less numerous, consisting of 1–2 setae and 7–9 setulae. Legs more robust, but setation remarkably similar to that of the male. Mid femur only with a few short av setae basally and subdistally, but also with some short pv setae basally. Tergites II–V with weak marginals and no discals. Oviscapt (Fig. 43) short and thick; tergites VI and VII tend to be partly exposed behind tergite V; tergite VI with both setae and setulae; cerci and epiproct short; “intersegmental membrane” ahead of sternite VIII sclerites covered in enlarged spiniform scales.</p><p>Material examined. FINLAND: Regio aboensis: Lohja, 1♂ 21.vi.1935 (L. Tiensuu); Perniö, several ♂ 3–6.vii.1941 (L. Tiensuu) [FMNH]; Nylandia: Helsinki area, 6♂ 5.vii.1940 (L. Tiensuu) [FMNH]; Tavastia australis: Moksjärvi, Karkkila, 1♀ 1–7.vii.1976 (O. Martin) [ZMUC]; Tavastia borealis: Soini, 2♀ 30.vii.1982 (O. Martin) [ZMUC]. RUSSIA: Karelia rossica: Rytty, Sortavala, 9♂ 27.vi–22.vii. 1934–37 (L. Tiensuu); Kolatselga [formerly Kolatselkä], 4♂ 14–21.vi.1943 (L. Tiensuu) [FMNH, ZMUC].</p><p>Distribution. Finland (Michelsen 2004); Russia: Karelia (Ringdahl 1935); Japan (Suwa 1977, 1999); China: Gansu (Fan et al. 1988), Beijing (D. M. Ackland, in litt.).</p><p>Biology. Tiensuu (1936a, b) found males attracted to honeydew on leaves of a Salix phylicifolia bush heavily infested by the aphid Chaitophorus vitellinae (Schrank) . According to Ringdahl (1935), Tiensuu also observed males engaged in swarming under the canopy of trees.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FC87FACB39AB77FF36FAB41E9E6F76	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Michelsen, Verner	Michelsen, Verner (2014): Taxonomic assessment of Chirosiomima Hennig (Diptera: Anthomyiidae), with proposal of a new genus for Hylemyia curtigena Ringdahl. Zootaxa 3790 (1): 86-102, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3790.1.4
