identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
03FC9766FFE8D66AFEA4F9B1FA0F7A94.text	03FC9766FFE8D66AFEA4F9B1FA0F7A94.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Hemibrycon beni Pearson 1924	<div><p>Hemibrycon beni Pearson, 1924</p><p>Fig. 1</p><p>Hemibrycon beni Pearson, 1924: 42-43 (original description;</p><p>type material; type locality: Espia and río Colorado, lower Bopi, Bolivia), 62-63 (pl. 2, fig. 6, cotype ).</p><p>Diagnosis. Hemibrycon beni is readily distinguished from most congeners, except H. mikrostiktos, H. paez, H. tridens, and H. virolinica, by the number of branched anal-fin rays (15-19 vs. 20-34, Fig. 2). Hemibrycon beni differs from these species by the number of lateral line scales (44-53 vs. 40-42, 39-42, 39, and 40-44, respectively). Furthermore, H. beni differs from H. virolinica by the number of predorsal scales (17-20 vs. 10-15). The branched anal-fin ray counts of H. beni overlapping somewhat the H. helleri counts (15-19 vs. 19-23), but they can be distinguished further by the size of humeral spot (3-4 vs. 7-8 horizontal series of scales), and by total number of vertebrae (38-39 vs. 41-43).</p><p>Description. Morphometric data for H. beni summarized in Table 1. Largest male 81.4 mm SL, largest female 34.3 mm SL. Body compressed and moderately elongate; greatest body depth usually at vertical through middle length of pectoral fins. Dorsal profile of head straight to slightly convex. Dorsal body profile convex from occipital bone to base of last dorsalfin ray; straight from this point to adipose-fin origin. Ventral profile of head convex. Ventral body profile convex from pectoral-fin origin to pelvic-fin origin, and straight to slightly convex to anal-fin origin. Body profile along anal-fin base posterodorsally slanted. Caudal peduncle elongate, nearly straight to slightly concave along dorsal and ventral margins.</p><p>Snout rounded from margin of upper lip to vertical through anterior nostrils. Head small. Mouth terminal, mouth slit nearly at horizontal through below middle of eye. Maxilla long and slightly curved, aligned at angle of approximately 45º to longitudinal body axis, and its posterior tip extending below orbit, reaching nearly to vertical through center of eye.</p><p>Premaxilla with two teeth rows; outer row with 4-5 tricuspid teeth with central cusp slightly longer; inner row with 4 pentacuspid teeth, gradually decreasing in length from first to third teeth and last tooth smallest; central cusp twice or three times longer and broader than other cusps. Maxilla fully toothed, with 7-14 uni- to tricuspid teeth, with central cusp longer. Three anteriormost dentary teeth larger, with 3-5 cusps, followed by medium sized tooth with 3 cusps, and 8-9 teeth with 1-3 cusps or conical; central cusp in all teeth two to three times longer and broader than other cusps. Cusp tips slightly curved posteriorly and lingually.</p><p>Dorsal-fin rays ii,8 (one with ii,7 and one with iii,8; n = 30); first unbranched ray approximately one-half length of second ray. Dorsal-fin origin located posterior to middle of SL and posterior to vertical through pelvic-fin origin. Profile of distal margin of dorsal fin convex. Dorsal fin without bony hooks. Adipose-fin located at vertical through insertion of last or posterior to last anal-fin ray. Anal-fin rays iii-iv,16-18 (one with 15 and two with 19, mode = 17, n = 35, Fig. 2). Anal-fin profile slightly convex in males and nearly straight in females. Anal-fin origin approximately at vertical through insertion in the last dorsal fin rays. Anal-fin rays of males bearing one pair of small bony hooks along posterolateral border of each segment of lepidotrichia, usually along last unbranched ray and third to fourth branched rays. Hooks usually located along posteriormost branch and distal 1 / 2 to 2 / 3 of each ray. Pectoral-fin rays i,10-11 (mode = 10, n = 33). Pectoral-fin tip reaching pelvic-fin origin in all specimens. Pectoral fin without bony hooks. Pelvic-fin rays i,6,i (one with i,5,i, n = 33). Pelvicfin origin located 5-6 predorsal scales anterior to vertical through dorsal-fin origin. Pelvic fin of males usually bearing one small bony hook per segment of lepidotrichia along ventromedial border of second to eighth branched rays. Caudal fin forked with 19 principal rays without bony hooks (n = 33); lobes similar in size. Caudal-fin base with a few scales in half-length, followed by one large scale in each lobe. Caudal fin without bony hooks. Dorsal procurrent rays 10-11 and ventral procurrent rays 11 (n = 2, x-ray).</p><p>Scales cycloid, moderately large. Lateral line complete with 44-53 (mode = 45, n = 32, Fig. 3). Scale rows between dorsalfin origin and lateral line 7-8 (mode = 8, n = 33); scale rows between lateral line and pelvic-fin origin 6-8 (mode = 7, n = 33). Predorsal scales17-20, arranged in regular series (mode = 18, n = 33). Scales rows around caudal peduncle 16-18 (mode = 16, n = 32).Axillary scale on pelvic-fin origin extends posteriorly covering two scales. Scale sheath along anal-fin base with 5-8 scales in single series, extending to base of most anterior branched rays.</p><p>Precaudal vertebrae 18-19; caudal vertebrae 20; total vertebrae38-39 (n = 3). Supraneurals 7 (n = 1, x-ray).Gill rakers on upper limb of outer gill arch 6, and on lower limb 10-11 (n = 4).</p><p>Color in alcohol. Dorsal portion of head and body dark brown. Dorsolateral portion of body with scattered black chromatophores. Midlateral body silvery. One small and vertical black humeral spot, located over third to fourth lateral line scales and extending over 1-2 horizontal series of scales including lateral line, and sometimes over the first horizontal series below lateral line. Base of caudal fin and middle rays black pigmented. Abdominal region almost devoid of black chromatophores. Dorsal, adipose, and caudal fin with dark brown pigmentation diffuse and anal fin with small black chromatophores along its border forming narrow stripe. Caudal peduncle without spot. Pectoral and pelvic fins hyaline (Fig. 1). Body yellowish.</p><p>Sexual dimorphism. Males of Hemibrycon beni are easily recognized by the presence of bony hooks on the anal- and pelvic-fin rays. Males and females also slightly differ in body depth (Table 1), and in anal-fin shape, which is slightly convex in males and nearly straight in females. Gill glands were not found on first gill arch in either males or females.</p><p>Distribution. Hemibrycon beni is known from río Beni drainage, upper río Madeira basin, where ríos La Paz and Miguilla join to form río Bopi, Espia, La Paz, Bolivia (Fig. 4).</p><p>Remarks. Hemibrycon beni was described by Nathan Pearson based on specimens collected by the Mulford Expedition, Bolivia, in 1921. In the original description, Pearson designated 48 “cotypes” in good condition plus 58 “dried during shipment”, all specimens catalogued under IU 17321, and further listed six specimens not identified as types (IU 17347, now CAS 44335). Of the original 106 cotypes under IU 17321, however, there are 107 presently catalogued as cotypes under CAS 44333, 29 specimens, CAS 44334, 60 specimens, USNM 117543, 2 specimens, and UMMZ 66504, 16 specimens. This last lot was not examined. All specimens of the lot CAS 44334 are very dry but the remaining syntypes are in good condition.</p><p>Material examined. Syntypes. CAS 44333, 29 (1 x-ray), 24.1- 56.0 mm SL, CAS 44334, 60, 27.4-81.4 mm SL, USNM 117543, 2 (x-ray), 31.6-42.1 mm SL, where <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-67.2&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-16.266666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -67.2/lat -16.266666)">ríos La Paz</a> and <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-67.2&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-16.266666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -67.2/lat -16.266666)">Miguilla</a> join to form <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-67.2&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-16.266666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -67.2/lat -16.266666)">río Bopi</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-67.2&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-16.266666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -67.2/lat -16.266666)">río Beni drainage</a>, elev. 3,080 ft., Espia, La Paz, Bolivia, ca. 16º16’S 67º12’W, Jul 1921, N. E. Pearson . Non -type specimens. CAS 44335, 6, 22.5-24.8 mm SL, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-67.2&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-16.083334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -67.2/lat -16.083334)">río Colorado</a>, tributary to <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-67.2&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-16.083334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -67.2/lat -16.083334)">lower río Bopi</a> 10 mi above <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-67.2&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-16.083334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -67.2/lat -16.083334)">Huachi</a>, Mulford Exploration of the <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-67.2&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-16.083334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -67.2/lat -16.083334)">Amazon Basin</a>, La Paz, Bolivia, ca. 16º05’S 67º12’W, Sep 1921 .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FC9766FFE8D66AFEA4F9B1FA0F7A94	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Bertaco, Vinicius A.;Malabarba, Luiz R.	Bertaco, Vinicius A., Malabarba, Luiz R. (2010): A review of the Cis-Andean species of Hemibrycon Günther (Teleostei: Characiformes: Characidae: Stevardiinae), with description of two new species. Neotropical Ichthyology 8 (4): 737-770, DOI: 10.1590/S1679-62252010000400005, URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1679-62252010000400005&lng=en&tlng=en
03FC9766FFEED668FC10F91BFB217AF0.text	03FC9766FFEED668FC10F91BFB217AF0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Hemibrycon helleri Eigenmann 1927	<div><p>Hemibrycon helleri Eigenmann, 1927</p><p>Figs. 5-6</p><p>Hemibrycon helleri Eigenmann, 1927: 402 (in key), 406 (pl. 96, fig. 2; original description; type material; type locality: río Comberciato, río Urubamba drainage).</p><p>Diagnosis. Hemibrycon helleri is distinguished from all congeners, except H. jelskii, by the size of humeral spot (over 7-8 vs. 3-6 horizontal series of scales). It differs from H. jelskii by the number of branched anal-fin rays (19-23 vs. 25-30, Fig. 2), and by the number of scales along anal-fin base scale sheath (6-12 vs. 13-28). Hemibrycon helleri is rather similar to H. inambari new species, but can be distinguished by the size of humeral spot (over 7-8 vs. 5-6 horizontal series of scales), number of predorsal scales (16-18 vs. 13-16), and by the total number of vertebrae (41-43 vs. 39-40).</p><p>Description. Morphometric data for H. helleri summarized in Table 1. Largest male 78.6 mm SL, largest female 81.6 mm SL. Body compressed and moderately elongate; greatest body depth at vertical through middle length of pectoral fins. Dorsal profile of head straight to slightly convex. Dorsal body profile convex from occipital bone to base of last dorsal-fin ray; straight from this point to adipose-fin origin. Ventral profile of head nearly straight to slightly convex. Ventral body profile convex from pectoral-fin origin to pelvic-fin origin, and straight to slightly convex to anal-fin origin. Body profile along analfin base posterodorsally slanted. Caudal peduncle elongate, nearly straight to slightly concave along dorsal and ventral margins.</p><p>Snout rounded from margin of upper lip to vertical through anterior nostrils. Head small. Mouth terminal, mouth slit nearly at horizontal through middle of eye. Maxilla long and slightly curved, aligned at angle of approximately 45º to longitudinal body axis, and its posterior tip extending below orbit, reaching nearly to vertical through center of eye.</p><p>Premaxilla with two tooth rows; outer row with 3-5, tricuspid teeth with central cusp slightly longer; inner row with 4 tetra- to pentacuspids teeth, gradually decreasing in length from first to third teeth and last tooth smallest; central cusp twice or three times longer and broader than other cusps. Maxilla fully toothed with 8-14 uni- to tricuspid teeth, with central cusp longer. Three anteriormost dentary teeth larger, with 5 cusps, followed by medium sized tooth with 3 cusps, and 7-9 teeth with 1-3 cusps or conical; central cusp in all teeth two to three times longer and broader than other cusps. Cusp tips slightly curved posteriorly and lingually (Fig. 6).</p><p>Dorsal-fin rays ii,8 (n = 33); first unbranched ray approximately one-half length of second ray. Dorsal-fin origin located posterior to middle of SL and posterior to vertical through pelvic-fin origin. Profile of distal margin of dorsal fin nearly straight to slightly concave. Males with bony hooks in distal one-third of first branched rays. Adipose-fin located at vertical through insertion of last or posterior to last anal-fin ray. Analfin rays ii-v,19-23 (mode = 21, n = 37, Fig. 2). Anal-fin profile slightly convex in males and nearly straight in females. Analfin origin approximately at vertical through insertion in the last dorsal fin rays. Anal-fin rays of males bearing one pair of small bony hooks along posterolateral border of each segment of lepidotrichia, along last unbranched ray and twelfth to sixteenth branched rays. One male paratype had bony hooks in all analfin branched rays. Hooks usually located along posteriormost branch and distal 1 /</p><p>2 to 2 /</p><p>3 of each ray. Pectoral-fin rays i,10-11 (mode = 10, n = 27). Pectoral-fin tip reaching pelvic-fin origin in males. Males with bony hooks on distal portion of unbranched and all branched rays. Pelvic-fin rays i,6,i (n = 30). Pelvic-fin origin located 4-5 predorsal scales anterior to vertical through dorsal-fin origin. Pelvic fin of males usually bearing one small bony hook per segment of lepidotrichia along ventromedial border of fourth to eighth branched rays. Caudal fin forked with 19 principal rays without bony hooks (n = 30); lobes similar in size. Caudal-fin base with a few scales in half-length, followed by one large scale in each lobe. Dorsal procurrent rays 8-10 and ventral procurrent rays 9-10 (n = 12).</p><p>Scales cycloid, moderately large. Lateral line complete with 42-45 (mode = 42, n = 23, Fig. 3). Scale rows between dorsalfin origin and lateral line 7-8 (mode = 8, n = 35); scale rows between lateral line and pelvic-fin origin 5-6 (mode = 6, n = 35). Predorsal scales 15-18, arranged in regular series (mode =16,n = 34). Scales rows around caudal peduncle 16-18 (mode = 16, n = 27). Axillary scale on pelvic-fin origin extends posteriorly covering 2-3 scales. Scale sheath along anal-fin base with 6-12 scales in single series, extending to base of most anterior branched rays.</p><p>Precaudal vertebrae 19-21; caudal vertebrae 22-23; total vertebrae 41-43 (n = 12). Supraneurals 6-7 (n = 12). Gill rakers on upper limb of outer gill arch 6-7, and on lower limb 10-11 (n = 11).</p><p>Color in alcohol. Type material discolored. Color based on the non-type specimens. General ground body color yellowish. Dorsal portion of head and body with dense concentration of black chromatophores. Dorsolateral portion of head and body with scattered black chromatophores. Midlateral body silvery. One large and vertical black humeral spot, located over fourth to sixth lateral line scales and extending over 7-8 horizontal series of scales, including lateral line. Midlateral dark stripe extending from humeral region to middle caudal-fin rays, broad in the caudal peduncle. Abdominal region almost devoid of black chromatophores. Adipose fin densely black pigmented. Dorsal and caudal fin with black pigmentation diffuse and anal fin with small black chromatophores along its border forming narrow stripe. Pectoral and pelvic fins hyaline (Fig. 5).</p><p>Sexual dimorphism. Males of Hemibrycon helleri are easily recognized by the presence of bony hooks on the dorsal-, pectoral-, anal- and pelvic-fin rays. Males and females also slightly differ in body depth (Table 1), and in anal-fin shape, which is slightly convex in males and nearly straight in females. Mature males with gill gland on first gill arch, covering the first branchial filaments (Fig. 7).</p><p>Distribution. Hemibrycon helleri is known from río Comberciato, and río Urubamba, upper río Ucayali drainage, Cusco, Peru (Fig. 4).</p><p>Remarks. Eigenmann (1927: 406) described Hemibrycon helleri and designated the holotype as “13565 Type” [MCZ 31565, the catalog number mistakely cited in the original description] and 17 paratypes (CM 7439, IU 13754) from río Comberciato, Peru. Later, Eigenmann &amp; Allen (1942: 216) listed the type material but did not provided the catalog number for types of H. helleri, but listed 18 type specimens along with their lengths, and type locality. Böhlke (1953) in his catalog of types from Stanford University did not list types of H. helleri . Ibarra &amp; Stewart (1987: 43) listed three paratypes of H. helleri but did not provide the catalog number of FMNH specimens. Eschmeyer (1998: 717) listed two possible lots as holotype, “?MCZ 31565” (1) or MCZ 30980 (1), and the following lots as paratypes: CAS 44354 [ex IU 13754] (5) and FMNH 58439 (3), followed posteriorly by Lima et al. (2003: 129); there are 8 paratypes missing.</p><p>According to Eigenmann (1927) the holotype has 100 mm of size [total length - TL]. The specimen from MCZ 31565 measures 78.9 mm SL and 94.9 mm TL and the specimen from MCZ 30980 has 81.1 mm SL and 98.9 mm TL. Although the specimen from MCZ 30980 is larger and more close to the body size of the holotype mentioned by Eigenmann (100 mm TL), the specimen corresponding to the original catalog number referred as the holotype MCZ 31565 (mistyped 13565) has the same number of branched anal-fin rays of the specimen illustrated as the holotype in the figure 2 by Eigenmann (1927, plate 96), 23 vs. 22 branched anal-fin rays on specimen of lot MCZ 30980, and so we consider that the specimen available as MCZ 31565 is actually the holotype. Based on data and fish images taken from the lots MCZ 30980 (1), and MCZ 30981 (7) we can confirm that these specimens are part of the missing type series of H. helleri . The specimen listed as nontype by Eigenmann (1927: 406; CAS 44355, ex IU 17611) from río Crisnejas, Peru is actually a specimen of H. huambonicus .</p><p>Material examined. Holotype. MCZ 31565, female (x-ray), 78.9 mm SL, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-73.11667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-12.466666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -73.11667/lat -12.466666)">río Comberciato</a>, a small tributary of middle <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-73.11667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-12.466666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -73.11667/lat -12.466666)">río Urubamba</a>, 30 miles above the Pongo de Mainique, Cusco, Peru, 1,800 ft. elev., ca. 12º28’S 73º07’W, 1910-1915, E. Heller (Yale-National Geographic Expedition) . Paratypes. CAS 44354, 5, 39.6-72.0 mm SL, FMNH 58439, 3 (x-ray), 36.4-78.5 mm SL, MCZ 30980, 1 (x-ray), 81.1 mm SL, MCZ 30981, 8 (x-ray), 46.1-79.2 mm SL, collected with the holotype . Non-type specimens. Peru, Cusco, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-72.651665&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-12.774445" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -72.651665/lat -12.774445)">río Urubamba drainage</a>: ANSP 180775, 4 (1 c&amp;s), 53.3-81.1 mm SL, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-72.651665&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-12.774445" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -72.651665/lat -12.774445)">quebrada Rosaríomayo</a>, west of Quelluono on road to Kiteni, 12º46’28”S 72º39’06”W, 19 Jul 2004 . ANSP 180777, 2, 20.4-72.4 mm SL, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-72.52334&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-12.998611" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -72.52334/lat -12.998611)">río Amaybamba</a>, southeast of Quillabamba on road to Ollantaytambo, 12º59’55”S 72º31’24”W, 17 Jul 2004 . ANSP 180780, 1, 23.5 mm SL, Yanayaku Grande, tributary of <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-72.534996&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-12.996944" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -72.534996/lat -12.996944)">río Urubamba</a>, southeast of Quillabamba on road to <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-72.534996&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-12.996944" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -72.534996/lat -12.996944)">Ollantaytambo</a>, 12º59’49”S 72º32’06”W, 17 Jul 2004 . CAS 70077, 15, 27.5-81.5 mm SL, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-72.71667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-12.866667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -72.71667/lat -12.866667)">río de Santa Ana</a>, creek entering middle <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-72.71667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-12.866667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -72.71667/lat -12.866667)">río Urubamba</a> at ca. 3000-3400 ft. elev., the farthest point reached by the Eigenmann’s on <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-72.71667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-12.866667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -72.71667/lat -12.866667)">río Urubamba</a>, ca. 12º52’S 72º43’W, 15 Nov 1918 .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FC9766FFEED668FC10F91BFB217AF0	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Bertaco, Vinicius A.;Malabarba, Luiz R.	Bertaco, Vinicius A., Malabarba, Luiz R. (2010): A review of the Cis-Andean species of Hemibrycon Günther (Teleostei: Characiformes: Characidae: Stevardiinae), with description of two new species. Neotropical Ichthyology 8 (4): 737-770, DOI: 10.1590/S1679-62252010000400005, URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1679-62252010000400005&lng=en&tlng=en
03FC9766FFECD664FCD8F8B7FDF37E81.text	03FC9766FFECD664FCD8F8B7FDF37E81.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Hemibrycon huambonicus (Steindachner 1882)	<div><p>Hemibrycon huambonicus (Steindachner, 1882)</p><p>Figs. 8-9</p><p>Tetragonopterus huambonicus Steindachner, 1882: 177 (original description, type locality: Huambo [Peru]).</p><p>Hemibrycon huambonicus . - Eigenmann, 1910: 432 (synonym of H. polyodon (Günther)) . - Eigenmann, 1927: 402 (in key), 410-411 (redescription, and valid species).</p><p>Diagnosis. Hemibrycon huambonicus is distinguished from most of its congeners by the number of lateral line scales (44- 48 vs. 39-43 or 48-58, Fig. 3). From the species sharing similar lateral line counts, it differs from H. beni, and H. dentatus by the number of branched anal-fin rays (22-27 vs. 15-19 and 28- 34, respectively); from H. cairoense by the number of scale rows above lateral line (8-10 vs. 6-7); from H. helleri by the number of scales along anal-fin base scale sheath (17-26 vs. 6- 12) and the number of scale rows above lateral line (8-10 vs. 7- 8), from H. polyodon by the number of caudal peduncle scales (18-20 vs. 16), head length (22.0-26.0 vs. 20.9-22.9% SL), and upper jaw length (45.2-52.6 vs. 43.7-45.6% HL), and from H. raqueliae by the number of predorsal scales (15-19 vs. 10-13) and by the number of cusps of first maxillary tooth (3 vs. 5).</p><p>Description. Morphometric data for H. huambonicus summarized in Table 2. Largest male 87.0 mm SL, largest female 109.9 mm SL. Body compressed and elongate; greatest body depth at vertical through middle length of pectoral fins. Dorsal profile of head nearly straight to slightly convex. Dorsal body profile convex from occipital bony to base of last dorsal-fin ray; straight from this point to adipose-fin origin. Ventral profile of head slightly convex. Ventral body profile convex from pectoral-fin origin to pelvic-fin origin and straight to anal-fin origin. Body profile along anal-fin base posterodorsally slanted. Caudal peduncle elongate, nearly straight to slightly concave along dorsal and ventral margins.</p><p>Snout rounded from margin of upper lip to vertical through anterior nostrils. Head heavy (massive) and relatively small. Mouth terminal, mouth slit nearly at horizontal through below middle of eye. Maxilla long and slightly curved, aligned at angle of approximately 45º to longitudinal body axis, and its posterior tip extending below orbit, reaching nearly to vertical through center of eye.</p><p>Premaxilla with two tooth rows; outer row with 4-6, tricuspid teeth with central cusp slightly longer; inner row with 4 pentacuspid teeth, gradually decreasing in length from first to third teeth and last tooth smallest; central cusp twice or three times longer and broader than other cusps. Maxilla almost fully toothed with 7-13 uni- to tricuspid teeth, with central cusp longer. Three anteriormost dentary teeth larger, with 5 cusps, followed by medium sized tooth with 3-5 cusps, and 7-10 teeth with 1-3 cusps or conical; central cusp in all teeth two to three times longer and broader than other cusps. Cusp tips slightly curved posteriorly and lingually (Fig. 9).</p><p>Dorsal-finraysii,8 (n= 64); firstunbranchedrayapproximately one-half length of second ray. Dorsal-fin origin located approximately to middle of SL and posterior to vertical through pelvic-fin origin. Males with bony hooks in distal one-third of first branched rays. Profile of distal margin of dorsal fin nearly straight to slightly concave. Adipose-fin located at vertical through insertion of two last anal-fin rays.Anal-fin rays iii-v,22- 27 (mode = 24, n = 64, Fig.2).Anal-fin profile slightly concave in males and nearly straight in females.Anal-fin origin approximately at vertical through insertion in the last dorsal fin rays. Anal-fin rays of males bearing one pair of developed bony hooks along posterolateral border of each segment of lepidotrichia, usually along last unbranched ray and first twelve branched rays. Only two males (syntype and non-type male) possess bony hooks in all anal-fin rays. Hooks usually located along posteriormost branch and distal 1 / 2 to 2 / 3 of each ray. Pectoral-fin rays i,10-12 (mode = 11, n = 64). Pectoral-fin tip surpassing pelvic-fin origin in males, and reaching in females. Males with bony hooks on distal portion of unbranched and all branched rays. Pelvic-fin rays i,6,i or i,7 (n = 64). Pelvic-fin origin located 4-5 predorsal scales anterior to vertical through dorsal-fin origin. Pelvic fin of males usually bearing one small bony hook per segment of lepidotrichia along ventromedial border of all branched rays. Caudal fin forked with 19 principal rays (n = 64); lobes in similar size. First third of caudal-fin scaled. Dorsal procurrent rays 11 and ventral procurrent rays 11-12 (n = 4).</p><p>Scales cycloid, moderately large. Lateral line complete with 44-48 (mode = 45, n = 64, Fig. 3). Scale rows between dorsal-fin origin and lateral line 8-10 (mode = 9, n = 64); scale rows between lateral line and pelvic-fin origin 6-7 (mode = 7, n = 64). Predorsal scales 15-19, arranged in regular series (mode = 17, n = 62). Scales rows around caudal peduncle 18-20 (n = 64). Axillary scale on pelvic-fin origin extends posteriorly covering 2-3 scales. Scale sheath along anal-fin base with 17-26 scales in single series, extending to base to 18 th to 24 th branched rays.</p><p>Precaudal vertebrae 20-21; caudal vertebrae 22-24; total vertebrae 42-43 (x-ray of syntype).Supraneurals 8-9.Gill rakers on upper limb of outer gill arch 7-8,and on lower limb 11-12 (n = 12).</p><p>Color in alcohol. General ground body color brown yellowish. Dorsal portion of head and body with concentration of black chromatophores. Dorsolateral portion of head and body with scattered black chromatophores. One vertical black humeral spot, located over fourth to sixth lateral line scales and extending over 5-6 horizontal series of scales, including lateral line. Caudal peduncle and middle caudal-fin rays dark pigmented.Abdominal region almost devoid of black chromatophores. Dorsal, adipose and caudal fin with dark pigmentation diffuse, and pectoral and pelvic fins hyaline (Fig. 8).</p><p>Sexual dimorphism. Males of Hemibrycon huambonicus are easily recognized by the presence of bony hooks in dorsal, anal, pelvic and pectoral fin rays. Males and females also slightly differ in pectoral- and pelvic-fin lengths and body depth (Table 2), and in anal-fin shape, slightly concave in males and nearly straight in females. Mature males with gill gland on first gill arch, covering the first branchial filaments (Fig. 7).</p><p>Distribution. Hemibrycon huambonicus is known from río Huambo, río Crisnejas and río Tingo, all tributaries of río Huallaga drainage, and río Marañon drainage, upper río Amazonas basin, Peru (Fig. 4).</p><p>Remarks. The original description of H. huambonicus provided by Steindachner (1882) is relatively brief, with the type locality reported only for Huambo (Peru). In Peru, there are two possible localities for Huambo: (1) río Huambo, San Martin, Peru, ca. 07º04’S 77º10’W, upper río Huallaga drainage, and (2) río Huambo, Huanuco, ca. 09º39’S 74º56’W, río Pachitea and río Ucayali drainage. All lots analyzed and identified as H. huambonicus are from río Huallaga and río Marañon drainages. (= río Higueros) into río Huallaga from the NW at Huanuco, Huanuco, ca. 09º55’S 76º13’W, 16-25 Oct 1918. CAS 70090, 24, 43.0- 85.3 mm SL, CAS 70091, 89, 42.7-94.4 mm SL, Huancachupa creek, a tumultuous small stream from the eastern slope of the central cordillera to río Huallaga a league above Huanuco, ca. 6,000 ft. elev., Huanuco, ca. 09º55’S 76º13’W, 16-25 Oct 1918. CAS 70092, 14, 42.0- 73.1 mm SL, large creek/small river arising from río Huallaga above Cayumba rapids, Chumatagua, ca. 09º27’S 75º58’W, 1 Oct 1918. CAS 70093, 6 of 7, 37.1-84.3 mm SL, Chachara and Ford on lower río Chinchao (into río Huallaga above Cayumba rapids), Pedra Blanca, ca. 09º27’S 75º58’W, 2 Oct 1918. ICNMHN 7317, 73, 32.6-109.9 mm SL, provincia de Leoncio Prado, Parque Nacional Tingo Maria, Huanuco, ca. 09º18’S 75º59’W, May 2003. MUSM 10565, 2 of 3, Huanuco, río Huallaga, río Cayumba, río Marañon drainage, km 495, 09º32’00”S 76º00’00”W, 29 Sep 1996. Río Marañon drainage: CAS 44355, 1, 57.9 mm SL [listed as H. helleri by Eigenmann (1927: 406)], río Crisnejas near its junction with upper río Paipay, at Paipay, Cajamarca, ca. 07º25’S 78º10’W, Geographic variation. The population of H. huambonicus from río Marañon drainage has head length slightly smaller (19.7-25.4 vs. 22.0-26.0% SL), and upper jaw length smaller (39.5-48.9 vs. 45.2-52.6% HL) than the population from río Huallaga drainage. However, no other significant difference was found between these populations for the recognition of a distinct species.</p><p>Material examined. Syntype. NMW 57531, male (x-ray), 87.0 mm SL, Huambo, Peru [<a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-74.933334&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-9.65" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -74.933334/lat -9.65)">río Huambo</a>, Huanuco, ca. 09º39’S 74º56’W, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-74.933334&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-9.65" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -74.933334/lat -9.65)">río Pachitea</a> and <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-74.933334&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-9.65" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -74.933334/lat -9.65)">río Ucayali drainage</a>] . Non-type specimens. Peru. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-76.21667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-9.916667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -76.21667/lat -9.916667)">Río Huallaga drainage</a>: CAS 70082, 5, 64.1-95.2 mm SL, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-76.21667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-9.916667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -76.21667/lat -9.916667)">río Huallaga</a> at Ambo (or Tambo), ca. 7,500 ft. elev., Huanuco, ca. 10º08’S 76º10’W, 26-29 Oct 1918. CAS 70085, 6, 59.9-86.1 mm SL, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-76.21667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-9.916667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -76.21667/lat -9.916667)">río Huallaga</a> at Huanuco, ca. 6,000 ft. elev., Huanuco, ca. 09º55’S 76º13’W Oct 1918. CAS 70089, 51, 30.7-81.2 mm SL, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-76.21667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-9.916667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -76.21667/lat -9.916667)">río Tingo</a> Aug 1923. CAS 70083, 2, 52.5-53.5 mm SL, on the intercordilleran <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-77.96667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-6.8333335" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -77.96667/lat -6.8333335)">río Marañon</a> at 3,500 ft. elev., Balsas, Amazonas, ca. 06º50’S 77º58’W, Jul 1923. CAS 70086, 25, 52.6-82.4 mm SL, Cajamarca, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-77.75&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-7.3333335" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -77.75/lat -7.3333335)">río Paipay</a> into <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-77.75&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-7.3333335" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -77.75/lat -7.3333335)">río Crisnejas</a> near its junction with upper <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-77.75&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-7.3333335" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -77.75/lat -7.3333335)">río Marañon</a>, ca. 07º20’S 77º45’W, small deeply entrenched stream ca. 4,000 ft. elev., Jul 1923. ROM 52238, 40 of 85, 25.6-94.5 mm SL, ca. 74 km W of road going N to Jean, between Pucara and Guabel, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-79.25&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-5.9333334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -79.25/lat -5.9333334)">Huancabamba River</a> tributary, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-79.25&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-5.9333334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -79.25/lat -5.9333334)">río Marañon drainage</a>, 05º56’00”S 79º15’00”W, 8 Jul 1986. ROM 55366, 21 of 47, 24.6-62.1 mm SL, ca. 14 km W of Bagua, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-78.65&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-5.6833334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -78.65/lat -5.6833334)">Marañon River</a> tributary, 05º41’00”S 78º39’00”W, 1 Jul 1986. ROM 55406, 60 of 603 (3 c&amp;s), 35.1- 105.6 mm SL, 2 km NW from the junction of the road to Chachapoyas and the road to Bagua, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-77.9&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-6.2166667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -77.9/lat -6.2166667)">Utcubamba River</a> tributary, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-77.9&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-6.2166667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -77.9/lat -6.2166667)">río Marañon drainage</a>, 06º13’00”S 77º54’00”W, 29 Jun 1986.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FC9766FFECD664FCD8F8B7FDF37E81	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Bertaco, Vinicius A.;Malabarba, Luiz R.	Bertaco, Vinicius A., Malabarba, Luiz R. (2010): A review of the Cis-Andean species of Hemibrycon Günther (Teleostei: Characiformes: Characidae: Stevardiinae), with description of two new species. Neotropical Ichthyology 8 (4): 737-770, DOI: 10.1590/S1679-62252010000400005, URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1679-62252010000400005&lng=en&tlng=en
03FC9766FFE0D665FEB5FD06FAFF7BE9.text	03FC9766FFE0D665FEB5FD06FAFF7BE9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Hemibrycon inambari Bertaco & Malabarba 2010	<div><p>Hemibrycon inambari, new species</p><p>Figs. 10-11</p><p>Holotype. MUSM 35491, male, 65.4 mm SL, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-70.89916&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-13.401388" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -70.89916/lat -13.401388)">río Araza</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-70.89916&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-13.401388" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -70.89916/lat -13.401388)">río Inambari basin</a>,upper <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-70.89916&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-13.401388" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -70.89916/lat -13.401388)">río Madre de Dios drainage</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-70.89916&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-13.401388" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -70.89916/lat -13.401388)">Sirihua</a>, Camanti, Quispicanchi, Cusco, Peru, 13º24’05”S 70º53’57”W, 17 Oct 2005, M. Hidalgo.</p><p>Paratypes. Peru, Cusco, upper <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-71.45&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-12.883333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -71.45/lat -12.883333)">río Madre de Dios drainage</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-71.45&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-12.883333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -71.45/lat -12.883333)">río Alto Madre de Dios:</a> ANSP 143290, 12 (3 c&amp;s), 26.4-39.0 mm SL; ANSP 143293, 10, 24.1-34.0 mm SL; ANSP 143307, 6, 25.4-35.2 mm SL, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-71.45&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-12.883333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -71.45/lat -12.883333)">río Pilcopata</a>, wire ferry, 3 km above Pilcopata, 12º53’30”S 71º24’00”W, 16 Jul 1977, R. Horwitz. ANSP 143291, 1, 37.2 mm SL, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-71.45&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-12.883333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -71.45/lat -12.883333)">río Hospital</a>, moderate stream, 2 km W of Patria on N/S road, ca. 12º53’S 71º27’W, 12 Jul 1977, R. Horwitz. ANSP 143294, 5 (x-ray), 28.0-76.0 mm SL; ANSP 143300, 2, 38.5-79.3 mm SL; ANSP 143306, 5, 34.0- 81.5 mm SL; ANSP 143312, 10 (x-ray), 28.2-48.2 mm SL; ANSP 143317, 5, 28.0-76.0 mm SL, second stream W of end of dirt track off km 143.9 on Huacarpay-Shintuya road, near Patria, Asunción, Cusco, Peru, ca. 12º57’S 71º25’W, 6-7 Jul 1977, R. Horwitz. ANSP 151478, 1, 35.0 mm SL; ANSP 151497, 4, 28.8-68.7 mm SL, second stream W of end of dirt track off km 143.9 on Huacarpay-Shintuya road, near Patria, Asunción, 12º57’30”S 71º21’30”W, 5-10 Jul 1977, R. Horwitz. ANSP 151526, 2, 34.1-37.2 mm SL, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-71.45&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-12.883333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -71.45/lat -12.883333)">río Pilcopata</a>, wire ferry, 3 km above of Pilcopata, ca. 12º56’S 71º24’W, 16-17 Jun 1977, R. Horwitz. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-71.45&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-12.883333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -71.45/lat -12.883333)">Río Inambari drainage</a>: ANSP 180770, 3 of 4 (1 c&amp;s), 57.1-71.9 mm SL, tributary of <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-71.45&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-12.883333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -71.45/lat -12.883333)">río Araza</a>, vicinity of Quince Mil, 13º18’52”S 70º49’13”W, 25 Jul 2004, M. Sabaj et al. MUSM 26299, 15 of 40, 48.2-87.3 mm SL, MCP 45753, 5, 63.5-82.0 mm SL, collected with the holotype. MUSM 26776, 4 of 8, 43.4-70.9 mm SL, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-71.45&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-12.883333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -71.45/lat -12.883333)">río Araza</a>, San Lorenzo, Camanti, Quispicanchi, Cusco, 13º13’5”S 70º31’39”W, 25 Oct 2005, M. Hidalgo. MUSM 26802, 15 of 97, 28.3-51.1 mm SL, UFRGS 13201, 5, 46.4-50.1 mm SL, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-70.527504&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-13.218055" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -70.527504/lat -13.218055)">quebrada Huaca</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-70.527504&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-13.218055" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -70.527504/lat -13.218055)">Huañuna</a>, Ayapata, Carabaya, Puno, 13º12’16”S 70º22’26”W, 25 Oct 2005, M. Hidalgo .</p><p>Diagnosis. Hemibrycon inambari is distinguished from most of its congeners by the number of lateral line scales (41-44 vs. 39-41 or 44-58, Fig. 3). From the species sharing similar lateral line counts, it differs from H. boquiae, H. metae, H. polyodon, and H. taeniurus by the number of scales along anal-fin base scale sheath (6-10 vs. 10-24); from H. jabonero by the number of gill rakers (17-18 vs. 19-21); from H. brevispini by the number of cusps of three anteriormost dentary teeth (5 vs. 3), and by absence of bony hooks in the caudal-fin rays of males (vs. presence); from H. divisorensis and H. surinamensis by the absence of a wide black asymmetrical spot covering base of caudal-fin rays; from H. helleri and H. jelskii by the size of humeral spot (over 7-8 vs. 5-6 horizontal series of scales, and from H. helleri by the number of predorsal scales (13-16 vs. 16-18), and by the total number of vertebrae (41-43 vs. 39-40); from H. mikrostiktos by the size of humeral spot (6-7 vs. 2-3 horizontal series of scales), and by total number of pelvic-fin rays (7 vs. 8); from H. paez, H. quindos, and H. virolinica by the number of cusps of premaxillary inner row teeth (5-7 vs. 3- 4); from H. rafaelense and H. raqueliae by the number of predorsal scales (13-16 vs. 10-12 and 10-13); from H. raqueliae by the number of cusps of first maxillary tooth (3 vs. 5).</p><p>Description. Morphometric data for Hemibrycon inambari summarized in Table 2. Largest male 69.5 mm SL, largest female 87.3 mm SL. Body compressed and elongate; greatest body depth at vertical through middle length of pectoral fins. Dorsal profile of head straight to slightly convex. Dorsal body profile convex from occipital bony to base of last dorsal-fin ray; straight from this point to adipose-fin origin. Ventral profile of head nearly straight to slightly convex. Ventral body profile convex from pectoral-fin origin to pelvic-fin origin, and straight to slightly convex to anal-fin origin. Body profile along anal-fin base posterodorsally slanted. Caudal peduncle elongate, nearly straight to slightly concave along dorsal and ventral margins.</p><p>Snout rounded from margin of upper lip to vertical through anterior nostrils.Head small. Mouth terminal, mouth slit below at horizontalthroughmiddleofeye.Maxillalongandslightlycurved, aligned at angle of approximately 45º to longitudinal body axis.</p><p>Premaxilla with two tooth rows; outer row with 3-5, tricuspid teeth with central cusp slightly longer; inner row with 4 penta- to heptacuspids teeth, gradually decreasing in length from first to third teeth and last tooth smallest; central cusp twice or three times longer and broader than other cusps. Maxilla almost fully toothed with 8-14 uni- to tricuspid teeth, with central cusp longer. Three anteriormost dentary teeth larger, with 5 cusps, followed by medium sized tooth with 3 cusps, and 7-9 teeth with 1-3 cusps or conical; central cusp in all teeth two to three times longer and broader than other cusps. Cusp tips slightly curved posteriorly and lingually (Fig. 11).</p><p>Dorsal-fin rays ii,8 (n = 80); first unbranched ray approximately one-half length of second ray. Dorsal-fin origin located approximately to middle of SL and posterior to vertical through pelvic-fin origin. Profile of distal margin of dorsal fin nearly straight to slightly concave. Males with bony hooks in distal one-third of first branched rays. Adipose-fin located at vertical through insertion of last anal-fin rays. Anal-fin rays iiiv,22-26 (mode = 24, n = 79, Fig. 2). Anal-fin profile slightly convex to nearly straight both sexes. Anal-fin origin approximately at vertical through insertion in the last dorsal fin rays. Anal-fin rays of males bearing one pair of small bony hooks along posterolateral border of each segment of lepidotrichia, along last unbranched ray and almost all branched rays. Hooks usually located along posteriormost branch and distal 1 / 2 to 2 / 3 of each ray. Pectoral-fin rays i,10-12 (mode = 11, n = 80). Pectoral-fin tip not reaching pelvic-fin origin in both sexes. Males with bony hooks developed on distal portion of unbranched and all branched rays.Pelvic-fin rays i,6,i or i,7 (n = 79). Pelvic-fin origin located 4-5 predorsal scales anterior to vertical through dorsal-fin origin. Pelvic fin of males usually bearing one small bony hook per segment of lepidotrichia along ventromedial border in all branched rays. Caudal fin forked with 19 principal rays without bony hooks (n = 79); lobes similar in size. Caudal-fin base with a few scales in the half of lobes, following by one large and round scale in each lobe. Dorsal procurrent rays 8-10 and ventral procurrent rays 9-10 (n = 12).</p><p>Scales cycloid, moderately large. Lateral line complete with 41-44 (mode = 41, n = 71, Fig. 3). Scale rows between dorsal-fin origin and lateral line 7-8 (mode = 7, n = 78); scale rows between lateral line and pelvic-fin origin 5-6 (mode = 6, n = 78). Predorsal scales 13-16, arranged in regular series (mode = 16, n = 75). Scales rows around caudal peduncle 14 (mode = 14, n = 70). Axillary scale on pelvic-fin origin extends posteriorly covering 2-3 scales. Scale sheath along anal-fin base with 6-10 scales in single series, extending to base of most anterior branched rays.</p><p>Precaudal vertebrae 18-19; caudal vertebrae 21-22; total vertebrae 39-40 (n = 17). Supraneurals 6-7 (n = 16). Gill rakers on upper limb of outer gill arch 6-7, and on lower limb 10-11 (n = 11).</p><p>Color in alcohol. General ground body color yellowish. Dorsal portion of head and body with dense concentration of black chromatophores. Dorsolateral portion of head and body with scattered black chromatophores. Midlateral body silvery. One large and vertical black humeral spot, located over third to sixth lateral line scales and extending over 5-6 horizontal series of scales, including lateral line. Midlateral dark stripe extending from humeral region to middle caudalfin rays, broad in the caudal peduncle. Abdominal region almost devoid of black chromatophores. Adipose fin densely dark brown pigmented. Dorsal and caudal fin with dark borwn pigmentation diffuse and anal fin with small black chromatophores along its border forming narrow stripe. Pectoral and pelvic fins hyaline (Fig. 10).</p><p>Sexual dimorphism. Males of Hemibrycon inambari are easily recognized by the presence of bony hooks on the dorsal-, pectoral-, anal- and pelvic-fin rays. Males and females also slightly differ in pectoral- and pelvic-fin lengths and body depth (Table 2), and in anal-fin shape, slightly concave in males and nearly straight in females. Mature males with gill gland on first gill arch, covering the first branchial filaments.</p><p>Distribution. Hemibrycon inambari is known from río Alto Madre de Dios and río Inambari drainages, upper río Madre de Dios drainage, Peru (Fig. 4).</p><p>Etymology. The specific name, inambari, is in reference to the type locality, río Inambari. A noun in apposition.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FC9766FFE0D665FEB5FD06FAFF7BE9	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Bertaco, Vinicius A.;Malabarba, Luiz R.	Bertaco, Vinicius A., Malabarba, Luiz R. (2010): A review of the Cis-Andean species of Hemibrycon Günther (Teleostei: Characiformes: Characidae: Stevardiinae), with description of two new species. Neotropical Ichthyology 8 (4): 737-770, DOI: 10.1590/S1679-62252010000400005, URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1679-62252010000400005&lng=en&tlng=en
03FC9766FFE6D661FF58FEB5FED17817.text	03FC9766FFE6D661FF58FEB5FED17817.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Hemibrycon jelskii (Steindachner 1877)	<div><p>Hemibrycon jelskii (Steindachner, 1877)</p><p>Figs. 12-13</p><p>Tetragonopterus jelskii Steindachner, 1877: 40-42 (original description, type locality: Monterico in Peru [Monterrico, Department of Ayacucho, río Ucayali drainage, Peru]).</p><p>Hemibrycon jelskii . - Eigenmann, 1910: 432 (listed).</p><p>Diagnosis. Hemibrycon jelskii is distinguished from all congeners, except H. helleri, by the size of humeral spot (over 7-9 vs. 3-6 horizontal series of scales). It differs from H. helleri by the number of branched anal-fin rays (25-30 vs. 19-23, Fig.2), and by the number of scales along anal-fin base scale sheath (13-28 vs. 6-12). Hemibrycon jelskii is rather similar to H. divisorensis, but can be distinguished by the absence of a wide black asymmetrical spot covering base of caudal-fin rays and black band in the lower half of the caudal peduncle (vs. presence), and by the number of scale rows above and below lateral line (7-9 and 5-7 vs. 6-7 and 4-5, respectively).</p><p>Description. Morphometric data for H. jelskii summarized in Table 3. Largest male 77.9 mm SL, largest female 101.7 mm SL. Body compressed and moderately elongate; greatest body depth at vertical through middle length of pectoral fins. Dorsal profile of head nearly straight to slightly convex, and slightly concave in the occipital region. Dorsal body profile convex from occipital bone to base of last dorsal-fin ray; straight from this point to adipose-fin origin. Ventral profile of head nearly straight to slightly convex. Ventral body profile convex from pectoral-fin origin to pelvic-fin origin and straight to anal-fin origin. Body profile along anal-fin base posterodorsally slanted. Caudal peduncle elongate, nearly straight to slightly concave along dorsal and ventral margins.</p><p>Snout rounded from margin of upper lip to vertical through anterior nostrils. Head small. Mouth terminal, mouth slit nearly at horizontal through below middle of eye. Maxilla long and slightly curved, aligned at angle of approximately 45º to longitudinal body axis, and its posterior tip extending below orbit, reaching nearly to vertical through center of eye.</p><p>Premaxilla with two tooth rows; outer row with 3-6, tri- to pentacuspid teeth with central cusp slightly longer; inner row with 4 pentacuspid teeth, gradually decreasing in length from first to third teeth and last tooth smallest; central cusp twice or three times longer and broader than other cusps. Maxilla fully toothed with 8-17 uni- to tricuspid teeth, with central cusp longer. Three anteriormost dentary teeth larger, with 5-7 cusps, followed by medium sized tooth with 3-5 cusps, and 8-10 teeth with 1-3 cusps or conical; central cusp in all teeth two to three times longer and broader than other cusps. Cusp tips slightly curved posteriorly and lingually (Fig. 13).</p><p>Dorsal-fin rays ii,8 (n = 224); first unbranched ray approximately one-half length of second ray. Dorsal-fin origin located approximately to middle of SL and posterior to vertical through pelvic-fin origin. Males with bony hooks in distal one-third of first branched rays. Profile of distal margin of dorsal fin nearly straight to slightly concave. Adipose-fin located at vertical through insertion of last anal-fin rays. Analfin rays iii-v,25-30 (mode = 27, n = 224, Fig. 2). Anal-fin profile slightly concave in males and nearly straight in females.Analfin origin approximately at vertical through insertion in the last dorsal fin rays. Anal-fin rays of males bearing one pair of bony hooks along posterolateral border of each segment of lepidotrichia, along last unbranched ray and all branched rays, usually to fifth branched rays. Hooks usually located along posteriormost branch and distal 1 / 2 to 2 / 3 of each ray. Pectoralfin rays i,10-13 (mode = 11, n = 224). Pectoral-fin tip reaching pelvic-fin origin in males. Males with bony hooks on distal portion of unbranched and all branched rays. Pelvic-fin rays i,6,i or i,7 (n = 224). Pelvic-fin origin located 6-7 predorsal scales anterior to vertical through dorsal-fin origin. Pelvic fin of males usually bearing one small bony hook per segment of lepidotrichia along ventromedial border of all branched rays. Caudal fin forked with 19 principal rays (n = 224). Caudal-fin base with few scales. Dorsal procurrent rays 10-13 and ventral procurrent rays 10-13 (n = 16).</p><p>Scales cycloid, moderately large. Lateral line complete with 40-43 (mode = 41, n = 221, Fig. 3). Scale rows between dorsalfin origin and lateral line 7-9 (mode = 8, n = 224); scale rows between lateral line and pelvic-fin origin 5-7 (mode = 6, n = 224). Predorsal scales 13-17, arranged in regular series (mode = 14, n = 218). Scales rows around caudal peduncle 16 (n = 220). Axillary scale on pelvic-fin origin extends posteriorly covering 2-3 scales. Scale sheath along anal-fin base with 13-28 scales in single series, extending to base of most branched rays.</p><p>Precaudal vertebrae 16-18; caudal vertebrae 21-23; total vertebrae 38-40 (n = 21). Supraneurals 6-8 (n = 22). Gill rakers on upper limb of outer gill arch 7-9, and on lower limb 12-14 (n = 26).</p><p>Color in alcohol. General ground body color brown yellowish. Dorsal portion of head and body with concentration of black chromatophores. Dorsolateral portion of head and body with scattered black chromatophores. One vertical black humeral spot, located over fourth to sixth lateral line scales and extending over 7-9 horizontal series of scales, including lateral line. Midlateral stripe silvery. Midlateral dark stripe extending from humeral region to middle caudal-fin rays, broad in the caudal peduncle. Abdominal region almost devoid of black chromatophores. Dorsal and caudal fin with black pigmentation diffuse and anal fin with small black chromatophores along its border forming narrow stripe. Pectoral, pelvic and adipose fins hyaline (Fig. 12).</p><p>Sexual dimorphism. Males of Hemibrycon jelskii are easily recognized by the presence of bony hooks in dorsal-, anal-, pelvic- and pectoral-fin rays. Males and females also slightly differ in pectoral- and pelvic-fin lengths and body depth (Table 3), and in anal-fin shape, slightly concave in males and nearly straight in females. Mature males with gill gland on first gill arch, covering the first branchial filaments (Fig. 7).</p><p>Distribution. Hemibrycon jelskii is widespread in the upper portions of río Marañon, río Ucayali, and headwater rivers of río Madeira-Mamoré drainages in Bolivia, Brazil and Peru (Fig. 4).</p><p>Remarks. The specimens on which Steindachner (1877: 42) proposed Tetragonopterus jelskii were collected at “Monterico”, Peru by Prof. Jeslki. According to Stephens &amp; Traylor (1983: 137), the exact site of the locality reported by Taczanowski (1884: 73) as “Monterico” has been the subject of differing opinions. Stephens &amp; Traylor (1983) suggest that the type locality is probably Monterrico (ca. 12º28’S 73º54’W) in the Department of Ayacucho, Peru. The river or basin next this locality is the río Apurimac that belong the río Ucayali drainage, and not río Remac drainage near Lima as reported in Lima et al. (2003: 130). We analyzed eleven specimens of the 22 syntypes deposited in the NMW. The specimens are relatively in good condition and only one specimen examined had the caudal-fin broken.</p><p>Geographic variation. Several population samples of H. jelskii were examined during this study from upper portions of the río Marañon and río Ucayali drainages, and upper tributaries of the río Madeira-Mamoré drainage. Hemibrycon jelskii possesses a larger number of maxillary teeth (8-17) and scales along anal-fin base scale sheath (13-28), and a larger humeral spot (7-9 horizontal series of scales) among Hemibrycon species.</p><p>All these specimens fit within the range of meristic and morphometric data of the syntypes examined, except the orbital diameter. The orbital diameter of syntypes is smaller than that found in all population samples of the species, but this seems to be related to the large body size of the type specimens (Table 3). Among 11 syntypes analyzed, nine are larger than 70 mm SL. No significant differences in counts were found between the examined populations of H. jelskii .</p><p>The population from the río Beni has a slightly larger head length and orbital diameter compared with syntypes, but overlapping with the ranges observed in population samples from the río Ucayali, type locality of the species. This difference is due to distinct standard length of specimens between populations. The río Chapare population has a prepectoral distance slightly larger than that observed in the syntypes, but when compared with the río Ucayali population this difference disappear (Table 3).</p><p>Material examined. Syntypes. NMW 57548, 2 (x-ray), 99.7- 101.7 mm SL; NMW 57551, 4 (x-ray), 57.0- 68.5 mm SL; NMW 57554, 5 (x-ray), 69.4-90.6 mm SL, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-73.9&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-12.466666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -73.9/lat -12.466666)">río Ucayali drainage</a>, ca. 12º28’S 73º54’W, Monterrico, Department of Ayacucho, Peru . Non-type specimens. Peru. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-71.45&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-12.883333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -71.45/lat -12.883333)">Río Ucayali drainage</a>: ANSP 143281, 2, 41.9- 43.5 mm SL, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-71.45&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-12.883333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -71.45/lat -12.883333)">río Tono</a> at <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-71.45&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-12.883333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -71.45/lat -12.883333)">Hacienda San Jorge</a>, 4 km W on road from Patria, Cusco, ca. 12º53’S 71º27’W, 17 Jul 1977 . ANSP 143282, 1, 32.5 mm SL, mouth of <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-71.333336&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-12.883333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -71.333336/lat -12.883333)">río Carbon</a>, below <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-71.333336&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-12.883333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -71.333336/lat -12.883333)">Atalaya</a> on N/S road, Cusco-Madre de Dios, ca. 12º53’S 71º20’W, 18 Jul 1977 . ANSP 143285, 1, 41.3 mm SL, near Atalaya, N bank tributary of <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-71.35&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-12.9" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -71.35/lat -12.9)">río Carbon</a> ca. 3 km upstream from Huacarpay-Shintuya Road ford, Madre de Dios-Cusco, ca. 12º54’S 71º21’W, 18 Jul 1977 . ANSP 143274, 1, 42.6 mm SL; ANSP 143286, 1, 79.8 mm SL; ANSP 143288, 3, 46.8-82.8 mm SL; ANSP 143289, 2, 42-84.4 mm SL, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-71.333336&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-12.883333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -71.333336/lat -12.883333)">río Hospital</a> ca. 2 km W of Patria on N/S road, Cusco, ca. 12º53’S 71º20’W, 14-15 Jul 1977 . ANSP 180772, 1, 68.6 mm SL, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-73.01639&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-12.448889" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -73.01639/lat -12.448889)">río Igoritoshiari</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-73.01639&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-12.448889" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -73.01639/lat -12.448889)">río Urubamba drainage</a>, road crossing north of Kiteni, Cusco, 12º26’56”S 73º00’59”W, 21 Jul 2004 . MUSM 2958, 4 of 6, 52.6-63.8 mm SL, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-75.5&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-9.033334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -75.5/lat -9.033334)">río Huacamayo</a>, Aguaytía, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-75.5&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-9.033334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -75.5/lat -9.033334)">Padre Abad</a>, Ucayali, ca. 09º02’S 75º30’W, 24 Nov 1983 . MUSM 17261, 20 of 62, 26.5- 46.6 mm SL, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-73.0&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-11.166667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -73.0/lat -11.166667)">río Urubamba</a>, Shepahua, Ucayali, ca. 11º10’S 73º00’W, 6 Jun 1998 . MUSM 19562, 20 of 64, 46.1-69.0 mm SL, middle portion of quebrada John, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-75.666664&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-7.3333335" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -75.666664/lat -7.3333335)">río Pacuya</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-75.666664&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-7.3333335" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -75.666664/lat -7.3333335)">Cordilheira Azul Norte</a>, Ucayali, Loreto, ca. 07º20’S 75º40’W, 24 Aug 2000 . <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-79.25&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-5.9333334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -79.25/lat -5.9333334)">Río Marañon drainage</a>: MUSM 2166, 10 of 25, 54.2-81.9 mm SL, tributary of <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-79.25&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-5.9333334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -79.25/lat -5.9333334)">río Huancabamba</a>, between Pucará and Guabel, Jaen, Cajamarca, ca. 05º56’S 79º15’W, 9 Jul 1986 . MUSM 19145, 20 of 70, 38.9-67.9 mm SL, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-78.184166&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-4.551389" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -78.184166/lat -4.551389)">quebrada Chumab</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-78.184166&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-4.551389" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -78.184166/lat -4.551389)">CCNN Paski</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-78.184166&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-4.551389" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -78.184166/lat -4.551389)">río Cenepa</a>, CCA <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-78.184166&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-4.551389" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -78.184166/lat -4.551389)">río Marañon</a>, Condarcanqui, Amazonas, 04º33’05”S 78º11’03”W, 25 Sep 2001 . MUSM 21343, 20 of 82, 33.9-60.4 mm SL, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-78.37195&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-3.791111" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -78.37195/lat -3.791111)">quebrada Capitán Ponce</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-78.37195&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-3.791111" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -78.37195/lat -3.791111)">CCA río Alto Cenepa</a>, Cenepa, Condarcanqui, Amazonas, 03º47’28”S 78º22’19”W, 15 Nov 2003 . ROM 52240, 50 of 205 (3 c&amp;s), 25.1-87.8 mm SL, ca. 74 km W of road going N to Jean, between Pucara and Guabel, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-79.25&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-5.9333334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -79.25/lat -5.9333334)">Huancabamba river</a> tributary, 05º56’00”S 79º15’00”W, 8 Jul 1986 . <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-70.96667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-12.316667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -70.96667/lat -12.316667)">Río Madre de Dios drainage</a>: ANSP 143275, 1, 30.0 mm SL, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-70.96667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-12.316667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -70.96667/lat -12.316667)">río Alto Madre de Dios</a>, ca. 15 km upstream from Boca Manu, Madre de Dios, ca. 12º19’S 70º58’W . ANSP 143277, 24 (3 c&amp;s), 22.7-35.8 mm SL, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-71.4&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-12.941667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -71.4/lat -12.941667)">Pilcopata River</a>, wire ferry, 3 km above Pilcopata, Cusco, 12º56’30”S 71º24’00”W, 16 Jun 1977 . ANSP 143278, 1, 39.4 mm SL, at Shintuya, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-71.183334&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-12.666667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -71.183334/lat -12.666667)">río Alto Madre de Dios</a>, Madre de Dios, ca. 12º40’S 71º11’W, 1-3 Aug 1977 . ANSP 180778, 1, 71.3 mm SL, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-70.568054&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-13.188056" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -70.568054/lat -13.188056)">río Nusiniscato</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-70.568054&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-13.188056" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -70.568054/lat -13.188056)">río Inambari drainage</a>, road crossing between Quince Mil and Pto. Leguia, Cusco, 13º11’17”S 70º34’05”W, 26 Jul 2004 . ANSP 180779, 3, 38.1-45.0 mm SL, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-70.412224&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-13.106389" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -70.412224/lat -13.106389)">río Inambari</a> and mouth of <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-70.412224&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-13.106389" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -70.412224/lat -13.106389)">quebrada Hondonado</a>, upstream of <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-70.412224&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-13.106389" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -70.412224/lat -13.106389)">Puerto Mazuko</a>, Cusco, 13º06’23”S 70º24’44”W, 27 Jul 2004 . CAS 70386, 11 of 18, 70.5-90.4 mm SL, tributary to <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-69.0&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-14.083333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -69.0/lat -14.083333)">río Tambopata</a> at Pampa Grande, ca. 12 mi below San Ignacio, ca. 3,000 ft. elev., Puno, ca. 14º05’S 69º00’W, 5 Nov 1951 . MUSM 3759, 8 of 25, 43.9-85.0 mm SL, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-71.0&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-12.166667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -71.0/lat -12.166667)">quebrada Culli</a>, upper <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-71.0&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-12.166667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -71.0/lat -12.166667)">río Madre de Dios</a>, Erika, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-71.0&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-12.166667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -71.0/lat -12.166667)">Manu</a>, Madre de Dios, ca. 12º10’S 71º00’W, 5 Sep 1988 . MUSM 11080, 8 of 11, 36.6-78.6 mm SL, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-70.00972&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-13.248889" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -70.00972/lat -13.248889)">quebrada Ebebahuaeji</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-70.00972&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-13.248889" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -70.00972/lat -13.248889)">río Candamo</a>, Sandia, Puno, 13º14’56”S 70º00’35”W, 31 Mar 1997 . MUSM 24302, 10 of 22, 26.5-37.3 mm SL, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-70.292496&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-12.426945" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -70.292496/lat -12.426945)">río Amiguillos</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-70.292496&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-12.426945" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -70.292496/lat -12.426945)">río Loa Amigos</a>, Manu, Madre de Dios, 12º25’37”S 70º17’33”W, 18 Jun 2004, M. Hidalgo et al. MUSM 26409, 20 of 66, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-70.78445&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-13.281667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -70.78445/lat -13.281667)">quebrada Yanamayo</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-70.78445&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-13.281667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -70.78445/lat -13.281667)">Quincemil</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-70.78445&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-13.281667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -70.78445/lat -13.281667)">río Araza drainage</a>, Camanti, Quispicanchi, Cusco, 13º16’54”S 70º47’04”W, 21 Oct 2005 . MUSM 26776, 2 of 8, 79.6-88.3 mm SL, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-70.527504&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-13.218055" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -70.527504/lat -13.218055)">río Araza drainage</a>, San Lorenzo, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-70.527504&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-13.218055" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -70.527504/lat -13.218055)">Camanti</a>, Quispicanchi, Cusco, 13º13’05”S 70º31’39”W, 25 Oct 2005 . MUSM 26785, 20 of 53, 36.8-96.9 mm SL, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-70.53001&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-13.217222" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -70.53001/lat -13.217222)">quebrada Ilahuala</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-70.53001&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-13.217222" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -70.53001/lat -13.217222)">río Araza drainage</a>, San Lorenzo, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-70.53001&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-13.217222" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -70.53001/lat -13.217222)">Camanti</a>, Quispicanchi, Cusco, 13º13’02”S 70º31’48”W, 25 Oct 2005 . ROM 66370, 9, 39.2-57.2 mm SL, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-69.649445&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-13.350556" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -69.649445/lat -13.350556)">Tambopata-Candamo Reserved Zone</a>, Puno, left bank, large stream, 13º21’02”S 69º38’58”W, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-69.649445&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-13.350556" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -69.649445/lat -13.350556)">Tavara River</a> tributary, 17 Aug 1992 . Bolivia. Río Beni drainage: CAS 70079, 11, 46.9-82.2 mm SL, río Popoi, a tributary of upper río Beni, Beni, Sep 1921 . CAS 70081, 18, 30.3-46.0 mm SL, 30 miles northwest of Rurrenabaque, Tumapasa, La Paz, ca. 14º10’S 67º30’W, Dec 1921 . MNHN 1989.1417, 2, 50.7-59.1 mm SL, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-67.066666&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-15.166667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -67.066666/lat -15.166667)">río San Juanito</a>, Yacuma, Beni, ca. 15º10’S 67º04’W, Jul 1982 . <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-65.4125&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-16.985" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -65.4125/lat -16.985)">Río Chapare drainage</a>: MCP 35019, 17, 42.1-66.8 mm SL, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-65.4125&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-16.985" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -65.4125/lat -16.985)">arroyo del Hotel el Puente</a>, Villa Tunari, Chapare, Cochabamba, 16º59’06”S 65º24’45”W, 10 Nov 2003 . MCP 35020 4, 37.4-57.7 mm SL, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-65.41334&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-16.972223" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -65.41334/lat -16.972223)">río Espiritu Santo</a>, Villa Tunari, Chapare, Cochabamba, 16º58’20”S 65º24’48”W, 14 Sep 2002 . MCP 35021, 10, 40.1-63.5 mm SL, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-65.64722&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-17.064165" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -65.64722/lat -17.064165)">río Espirito Santo</a>, Chocolatal, Chapare, Cochabamba, 17º03’51”S 65º38’50”W, 20 Feb 2003 . MCP 35022, 21, 36.3-46.0 mm SL, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-65.412224&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-16.8925" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -65.412224/lat -16.8925)">río Chipiriri</a>, Chipiriri, Chapare, Cochabamba, 16º53’33”S 65º24’44”W, 20 Sep 2002 . MNHN 1989.1418, 20, 35.3- 75.5 mm SL, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-65.63333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-17.05" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -65.63333/lat -17.05)">río Espirito Santo</a>, Villa Tunari, Cristal Mayu, ca. 17º03’S 65º38’W, Jun 1983, L. Loubens . MZUSP 27827, 4, 53.7- 73.0 mm SL, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-65.63333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-17.05" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -65.63333/lat -17.05)">río Espirito Santo</a>, Villa Tunari, Cristal Mayu, ca. 17º03’S 65º38’W, 24 Jun 1983 . Brazil, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-59.446114&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-14.653333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -59.446114/lat -14.653333)">rio Guaporé drainage</a>: MCP 37754, 5, 26.0- 36.1 mm SL, affluent of <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-59.446114&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-14.653333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -59.446114/lat -14.653333)">rio Galera</a>, Pontes e Lacerda, Mato Grosso, 14º39’12”S 59º26’46”W, 12 Jul 2004 . MCP 38177, 67 (5 c&amp;s), 18.0- 42.4 mm SL, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-59.323334&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-14.801945" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -59.323334/lat -14.801945)">stream Retiro</a> at road BR 174, tributary of <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-59.323334&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-14.801945" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -59.323334/lat -14.801945)">rio Guaporé</a>, Nova Lacerda, Mato Grosso, 14º48’07”S 59º19’24”W, 12 Jul 2004 .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FC9766FFE6D661FF58FEB5FED17817	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Bertaco, Vinicius A.;Malabarba, Luiz R.	Bertaco, Vinicius A., Malabarba, Luiz R. (2010): A review of the Cis-Andean species of Hemibrycon Günther (Teleostei: Characiformes: Characidae: Stevardiinae), with description of two new species. Neotropical Ichthyology 8 (4): 737-770, DOI: 10.1590/S1679-62252010000400005, URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1679-62252010000400005&lng=en&tlng=en
03FC9766FFE5D67FFEA2FB9CFF517BEF.text	03FC9766FFE5D67FFEA2FB9CFF517BEF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Hemibrycon metae Myers 1930	<div><p>Hemibrycon metae Myers, 1930</p><p>Figs. 14-15</p><p>Hemibrycon metae Myers, 1930: 68-69 (original description; diagnosis; type locality: Guaiacaramo, río Guavio, Colombia).</p><p>Hemibrycon dentatus metae . - Schultz, 1944: 362-363 (table 27; in key; new subspecies; non-type material examined).</p><p>Diagnosis. Hemibrycon metae is distinguished from most of its congeners by the number of branched anal-fin rays (25-31 vs. 15-24, Fig. 2). From the species sharing similar branched anal-fin rays counts, it differs from H. boquiae by the number of caudal peduncle scales (16 vs. 14), and by the number of cusps of second tooth of premaxillary inner row teeth (7 vs. 5); from H. brevispini by the number of cusps of three anteriormost dentary teeth (5 vs. 3), and by absence of bony hooks in the caudal-fin rays (vs. presence); from H. cairoense by the number of lateral line scales (40-43 vs. 43-46), and by the number of cups of first dentary teeth (5 vs. 3); from H. dariensis by the absence of pigment in the distal tip of rays just above and below to middle caudal-fin rays; from H. dentatus, and H. huambonicus by the number of lateral line scales (40-43 vs. 44-50); from H. divisorensis and H. surinamensis by the absence of a wide black asymmetrical spot covering base of caudal-fin rays; from H. inambari by the of gill rakers (19-21 vs. 16-18) and by the number of scales along anal-fin base scale sheath (10-19 vs. 6-10); from H. jabonero by the number of caudal peduncle scales (16 vs. 14), and the number of scale rows below lateral line (5-7 vs. 4- 5); from H. jelskii by the size of humeral spot (5-6 vs. 7-9 horizontal series of scales); from H. polyodon by the number of cusps of second tooth of premaxillary inner row teeth (7 vs. 5), caudal peduncle length (11.1-14.8 vs. 14.4-16.6% SL), and head length (22.1-25.0 vs. 20.9-22.9% SL); from H. quindos by the number of cusps of premaxillary inner row teeth (5-7 vs. 3- 4); from H. raqueliae by the number of predorsal scales (14- 16 vs. 10-13) and by the number of cusps of first maxillary tooth (3 vs. 5); and from H. taeniurus by the number of cusps of second tooth of premaxillary inner row teeth (7 vs. 5), and by the humeral spot size (5-6 vs. 4-5 horizontal series of scales).</p><p>Description. Morphometric data for H. metae summarized in Table 4. Largest male 79.7 mm SL, largest female 93.1 mm SL. Body compressed and moderately elongate; greatest body depth anterior to dorsal-fin origin. Dorsal profile of head slightly convex. Dorsal body profile convex from occipital bony to base of last dorsal-fin ray; straight from this point to adipose-fin origin. Ventral profile of head slightly convex. Ventral body profile convex from pectoral-fin origin to pelvicfin origin, and straight to slightly convex to anal-fin origin. Body profile along anal-fin base posterodorsally slanted. Caudal peduncle elongate, nearly straight to slightly concave along dorsal and ventral margins.</p><p>Snout rounded from margin of upper lip to vertical through anterior nostrils. Head small. Mouth terminal, mouth slit nearly at horizontal through middle of eye. Maxilla long and slightly curved, aligned at angle of approximately 45º to longitudinal body axis, and its posterior tip extending below orbit, reaching nearly to vertical through center of eye.</p><p>Premaxilla with two tooth rows; outer row with 4-5, tri- to pentacuspid teeth with central cusp slightly longer; inner row with 4 penta- to heptacuspids teeth, gradually decreasing in length from first to third teeth and last smaller; central cusp twice or three times longer and broader than other cusps. Maxilla toothed with 6-11 uni- to pentacuspid teeth, with central cusp longer. Three anteriormost dentary teeth larger, with 5 cusps, followed by medium sized tooth with 3-5 cusps, and 8-10 teeth with 1-3 cusps or conical; central cusp in all teeth two to three times longer and broader than other cusps. Cusp tips slightly curved posteriorly and lingually (Fig. 15).</p><p>Dorsal-fin rays ii,8 (n = 104); first unbranched ray approximately one-half length of second ray. Dorsal-fin origin located posterior to middle of SL and posterior to vertical through pelvic-fin origin. Profile of distal margin of dorsal fin nearly straight to slightly concave. Males with bony hooks in distal one-third of first branched rays. Adipose-fin located at vertical through insertion of last anal-fin rays. Anal-fin rays ii-vi,25-30 (one with 24 and two with 31, mode = 28, n = 104, Fig. 2). Analfin profile slightly concave in males and females.Anal-fin origin approximately at vertical through insertion in the last dorsal fin rays. Anal-fin rays of males bearing one pair of small bony hooks along posterolateral border of each segment of lepidotrichia, along last unbranched ray and eighth to twelfth branched rays. Hooks usually located along posteriormost branch and distal 1 / 2 to 2 / 3 of each ray. Pectoral-fin rays i,10-13 (mode = 11, n = 104). Pectoral-fin tip surpassing pelvic-fin origin in males and nearly reaching in females. Males with bony hooks on distal portion of unbranched and all branched rays. Pelvicfin rays i,6,i (three with i,7,i and two with i,6, n = 104). Pelvic-fin origin located 4-5 predorsal scales anterior to vertical through dorsal-fin origin. Pelvic fin of males usually bearing 1 small bony hook per segment of lepidotrichia along ventromedial border of second to eighth branched rays. Caudal fin forked with 19 principal rays without bony hooks (n = 104); lobes similar in size. Caudal-fin base have a few scales. Dorsal procurrent rays 11-12 and ventral procurrent rays 10-11 (n = 5).</p><p>Scales cycloid, moderately large. Lateral line complete with 40-43 (mode = 42, n = 89, Fig. 3). Scale rows between dorsal-fin origin and lateral line 7-8 (mode = 8, n = 103); scale rows between lateral line and pelvic-fin origin 5-6 (rarely 7, mode = 6, n = 103). Predorsal scales 14-16, arranged in regular series (mode =15,n = 94). Scales rows around caudal peduncle 16 (n = 96).Axillary scale on pelvic-fin origin extends posteriorly covering 2-4 scales. Scale sheath along anal-fin base with 10-19 scales in single series, extending to base of most anterior branched rays.</p><p>Precaudal vertebrae 17-18; caudal vertebrae 22-24; total vertebrae 39-41 (n = 6). Supraneurals 6-8 (n = 6). Gill rakers on upper limb of outer gill arch 7-8, and on lower limb 12-13 (n = 19).</p><p>Color in alcohol. Holotype discolored. General ground body color brown yellowish. Color based on the non-type specimens. General ground body color yellowish. Dorsal portion of head and body with concentration of black chromatophores. Dorsolateral portion of head and body with scattered black chromatophores. One large and vertical black humeral spot, located over third to fifth lateral line scales and extending over 5-6 horizontal series of scales, including lateral line. Midlateral dark stripe extending from humeral region to middle caudal-fin rays, broad in the caudal peduncle. Abdominal region almost devoid of black chromatophores. Dorsal and caudal fin with dark pigmentation diffuse and anal fin with small black chromatophores along its border forming narrow stripe.Pectoral, pelvic and adipose fins hyaline (Fig. 14).</p><p>Sexual dimorphism. Males of Hemibrycon metae are easily recognized by the presence of bony hooks on the dorsal-, pectoral-, anal- and pelvic-fin rays. Males and females also slightly differ in pectoral- and pelvic-fin lengths, and body depth (Table 4). Mature males with gill gland on first gill arch, covering the first branchial filaments (Fig. 7).</p><p>Distribution. Hemibrycon metae is known from río Orinoco basin, Venezuela and Colombia, and Caribbean coastal basins of Venezuela (Fig. 4).</p><p>Remarks. Hemibrycon metae was proposed by Myers (1930) from río Guavio, río Meta drainage, Guaiacaramo, Colombia based only in the holotype.We have compared the populations from río Meta and río Apure, two large rivers from río Orinoco basin, and did not find differences in meristic and morphometric characters.</p><p>In this study some Hemibrycon populations were identified from small coastal river basins in the Golfo de Paria, Venezuela. All these specimens do not exceed 51.3 mm SL, being smaller than río Orinoco specimens, and difficult to compare regarding body measurements. In relation to scales and maxillary tooth number, this population is more similar to H. metae than H. taeniurus from Trinidad Island. Samples of large specimens from coastal basins of Venezuela are necessary to confirm whether those populations are indeed conspecific. However, we tentatively assign the examined specimens from that area to H. metae .</p><p>Material examined. Holotype. CAS 123727 (ex-SU 23727), female (x-ray), 77.2 mm SL, at junction of <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-63.116665&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=10.5" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -63.116665/lat 10.5)">río Guavio</a> and <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-63.116665&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=10.5" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -63.116665/lat 10.5)">río Upía</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-63.116665&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=10.5" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -63.116665/lat 10.5)">río Meta drainage</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-63.116665&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=10.5" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -63.116665/lat 10.5)">río Orinoco basin</a>, Guaiacaramo, Colombia, ca. 04º43’N 73º02’W, Jan 1928, H. A. Maria. Nontype specimens. Colombia. Meta, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-63.116665&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=10.5" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -63.116665/lat 10.5)">río Meta drainage</a>: IAvH-P 2973, 7, 53.1-76.0 mm SL, quebrada Palmicha, afluente del <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-63.116665&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=10.5" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -63.116665/lat 10.5)">río Unete</a>, Casanare, ca. 05º10’N 72º30’W, 1 Aug 1984. IAvH-P 3122, 10, 47.6-93.0 mm SL, quebrada Chichaca afluente del <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-63.116665&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=10.5" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -63.116665/lat 10.5)">río Cachiza</a>, Aguazul, Casanare, ca. 05º15’N 72º29’W, 1 Mar 1994. IAvH-P 3322, 10, 51.3-70.0 mm SL, quebrada Guamalera, Yopal, Casanare, ca. 05º21’N 72º23’W, 1 Aug 1993. IAvH-P 3628, 25, 45.0- 70.6 mm SL, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-63.116665&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=10.5" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -63.116665/lat 10.5)">río Unete</a>, Casanare, ca. 05º10’N 72º30’W, 1 Aug 1993. IAvH-P 3632, 65, 45.0- 86.8 mm SL, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-63.116665&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=10.5" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -63.116665/lat 10.5)">ríos Tocaria</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-63.116665&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=10.5" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -63.116665/lat 10.5)">Charte</a> and <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-63.116665&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=10.5" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -63.116665/lat 10.5)">Cravo Sur drainages</a>, ca. 05º20’N 72º20’W, 18 Aug 1995. NRM 23991, 1, 48.8 mm SL, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-63.116665&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=10.5" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -63.116665/lat 10.5)">caño Candelaria</a> tributary to <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-63.116665&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=10.5" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -63.116665/lat 10.5)">río Negro</a>, ca. 20 km SW of Villavicencio, ca. 04º5’N 73º42’W, 10 Jan 1988. NRM 23993, 1, 67.3 mm SL, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-63.116665&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=10.5" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -63.116665/lat 10.5)">caño Union</a> tributary to <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-63.116665&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=10.5" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -63.116665/lat 10.5)">río Ocoa</a>, where crossed by road Villavicencio - Acacias, ca. 04º00’N 73º43’W, 6 Jan 1988. Venezuela. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-63.116665&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=10.5" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -63.116665/lat 10.5)">Río Orinoco basin</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-63.116665&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=10.5" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -63.116665/lat 10.5)">río Apure drainage</a>: INHS 27766, 30 of 51, 29.4-45.8 mm SL, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-63.116665&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=10.5" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -63.116665/lat 10.5)">caño Curito</a> at Ruta 5, Barinas, 07º58’41”N 71º00’05”W, 7 Jan 1992. INHS 31851, 12, 27.0- 44.5 mm SL, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-63.116665&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=10.5" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -63.116665/lat 10.5)">río La Yuca</a> 17 km N Barinas, Barinas, 08º46’00”N 70º15’00”W, 31 Dec 1993. INHS 61270, 22 of 28, 30.7-61.4 mm SL, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-63.116665&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=10.5" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -63.116665/lat 10.5)">río Santa Barbara</a> 3 km NE Santa Barbara, Barinas, 07º50’14”N 71º11’14”W, 7 Jan 1992. MCNG 98, 10 of 27, 34.4-43.9 mm SL, 1 km al S carretera 5, via Cd Bolivia, Barinas, 08º20’8”N 70º31’04”W, 13 Jun 1979. MCNG 5646, 17 of 54, 29.5-47.0 mm SL, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-63.116665&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=10.5" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -63.116665/lat 10.5)">río Tucupido</a> en Las Canoas, Portuguesa, 09º03’00”N 70º05’30”W, 18 Mar 1982. MCNG 6759, 23 of 73 (3 c&amp;s), 25.5-49.5 mm SL, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-63.116665&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=10.5" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -63.116665/lat 10.5)">río Tinaco</a>, carretera entre Tinaco y Tinaquillo, entre San Carlos e Valencia, Cojedes,Tinaco, 09º48’10”N 68º23’50”W, 3 Feb 1982. MCNG 7923, 12 of 64 (2 c&amp;s), 44.5-71.6 mm SL, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-63.116665&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=10.5" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -63.116665/lat 10.5)">caño Grande</a> en <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-63.116665&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=10.5" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -63.116665/lat 10.5)">Finca Cano Grande</a>, Barinas, Pedraza, 08º24’10”N 70º39’25”W, 7 Dec 1982. USNM 121466, 18, 35.6-50.5 mm SL, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-63.116665&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=10.5" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -63.116665/lat 10.5)">río Guárico</a> and tributaries between San Sebastian and San Casemiro, Aragua, ca. 09º57’N 67º11’W, 12 May 1942. USNM 121467, 12 of 117, 42.7-72.8 mm SL, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-63.116665&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=10.5" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -63.116665/lat 10.5)">río Torbes</a>, 1 km above Táriba, Tachira, ca. 07º40’N 72º15’W, 31 Mar 1942. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-63.116665&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=10.5" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -63.116665/lat 10.5)">Golfo de Paria coastal basin</a>: USNM 228563, 16 of 21, 38.3-52.4 mm SL, Sucre, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-63.116665&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=10.5" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -63.116665/lat 10.5)">Clavellino reservoir Sucre</a>, 29 Sep 1979. MCNG 17030, 20 of 58 (3 c&amp;s), 27.3- 49.2 mm SL, Sucre, Benitez, El Pilar, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-63.116665&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=10.5" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -63.116665/lat 10.5)">río Pilar</a>, ca. 10º32’N 63º08’W, 28 Aug 1984. MCNG 17035, 20 of 76 (3 c&amp;s), 30.0- 46.9 mm SL, Sucre, Libertador, caño 20 km E de El Pilar, ca. 10º35’N 63º04’W, 28 Aug 1984. MCNG 16796, 10 of 19, 30.3-50.2 mm SL, Sucre, Benitez, caño 3 km S de El Pilar, ca. 10º30’N 63º07’W, 29 Aug 1984. CAS 70096, 58, 35.0- 64.9 mm SL, Miranda, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-63.116665&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=10.5" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -63.116665/lat 10.5)">río Tiquirito</a> at Concejo, a tributary of the <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-63.116665&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=10.5" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -63.116665/lat 10.5)">Tuy River</a>, 1 Aug 1918. FMNH 105860, 52, 21.4- 46.7 mm SL, Venezuela, Monagas, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-63.116665&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=10.5" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -63.116665/lat 10.5)">río Azuma</a> at edge of municipio Punceres on road to Caripito, 8 Aug 1985. MNHN 1920.0002, 1, 67.4 mm SL.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FC9766FFE5D67FFEA2FB9CFF517BEF	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Bertaco, Vinicius A.;Malabarba, Luiz R.	Bertaco, Vinicius A., Malabarba, Luiz R. (2010): A review of the Cis-Andean species of Hemibrycon Günther (Teleostei: Characiformes: Characidae: Stevardiinae), with description of two new species. Neotropical Ichthyology 8 (4): 737-770, DOI: 10.1590/S1679-62252010000400005, URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1679-62252010000400005&lng=en&tlng=en
03FC9766FFFBD67DFC25FEB5FEF9786C.text	03FC9766FFFBD67DFC25FEB5FEF9786C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Hemibrycon mikrostiktos Bertaco & Malabarba 2010	<div><p>Hemibrycon mikrostiktos, new species</p><p>Figs. 16-17</p><p>Holotype. MUSM 35490, 44.4 mm SL, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-75.5125&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-9.042778" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -75.5125/lat -9.042778)">río Aguaytía</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-75.5125&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-9.042778" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -75.5125/lat -9.042778)">río Negro</a>, upper <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-75.5125&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-9.042778" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -75.5125/lat -9.042778)">río Ucayali basin</a>, Aguaytía, Padre Abad, Ucayali, Peru, 09º02’34”S 75º30’45”W, 2 Nov 1999, P. de Rham &amp; F. Chang.</p><p>Paratypes. MCP 44521, 10 (3 c&amp;s), 27.6-42.4 mm SL; MUSM 15845, 19 measured and counted of 187, 24.5-42.4 mm SL; UFRGS 12003, 10, 30.9-36.0 mm SL, collected with the holotype .</p><p>Diagnosis. Hemibrycon mikrostiktos is readily distinguished from all congeners by the size of the humeral spot (2-3 vs. 4-9 horizontal series of scales), number of scale rows below of the lateral line (3-4 vs. 4-8), and total number of pelvic-fin rays (7 vs. 8). Furthermore, H. mikrostiktos differs from most congeners by the number of branched anal-fin rays (18-21 vs. 21-34, and 17 in H. tridens, Fig. 2), except H. beni and H. helleri . It differs from H. beni and H. helleri by the number of lateral line scales (40-42 vs. 44-53 and 42-44, Fig. 3).</p><p>Description. Morphometric data for Hemibrycon mikrostiktos summarized in Table 4. Largest specimen 44.4 mm SL. Body compressed and moderately elongate; greatest body depth at vertical through middle length of pectoral fins. Dorsal profile of head nearly straight. Dorsal body profile convex from occipital bony to dorsal-fin origin; posteroventrally slanted at dorsal-fin base; straight from last dorsal-fin ray to adiposefin origin. Ventral profile of head convex. Ventral body profile convex from pectoral-fin origin to pelvic-fin origin, and straight to slightly convex to anal-fin origin. Body profile along analfin base posterodorsally slanted. Caudal peduncle short, nearly straight to slightly concave along dorsal and ventral margins.</p><p>Snout rounded from margin of upper lip to vertical through anterior nostrils. Head relatively small. Mouth terminal, mouth slit nearly at horizontal through below middle of eye. Maxilla long and slightly curved, aligned at angle of approximately 45 o to longitudinal body axis, and its posterior tip extending below orbit, reaching nearly to vertical through center of eye.</p><p>Premaxilla with two tooth rows; outer row with 4-6, tricuspid teeth with central cusp slightly longer; inner row with 4 pentacuspid teeth, gradually decreasing in length from first to third teeth and last tooth smallest; central cusp twice or three times longer and broader than other cusps. Maxilla toothed with 7-11 tri- to pentacuspid teeth, except for last three or four conical teeth, with central cusp longer. Three anteriormost dentary teeth larger, with 5 cusps, followed by medium sized tooth with 3 cusps, and 12-13 teeth with 1-3 cusps or conical; central cusp in all teeth two to three times longer and broader than other cusps. Cusp tips slightly curved posteriorly and lingually (Fig. 17).</p><p>Dorsal-fin rays ii,8 (n = 20); first unbranched ray approximately one-half length of second ray. Dorsal-fin origin located posterior to middle of SL and posterior to vertical through pelvic-fin origin. First dorsal-fin pterygiophore inserted between the neural spines of eleventh to twelfth vertebrae (n = 3). Profile of distal margin of dorsal fin convex. Adipose-fin located at vertical through insertion of last or posterior to last anal-fin ray. Anal-fin rays iii-iv,18-20 (two with 21, mode = 19, n = 20, Fig. 2). Anal-fin profile slightly concave in all specimens. First anal-fin pterygiophore inserted between the haemal spine of last precaudal vertebra and the first caudal vertebrae.Anal-fin origin approximately at vertical through insertion in the middle dorsal fin. Pectoral-fin rays i,9-10 (mode = 9, n = 20). Pectoral-fin tip reaching pelvic-fin origin. Pelvic-fin rays i,5,i (n = 15) or i,6 (n = 5). Pelvic-fin origin located 3-4 predorsal scales anterior to vertical through dorsal-fin origin. Caudal fin forked with 19 principal rays (n = 20); lobes similar in size. Basal portion of caudal-fin lobes covered with irregular scales and smaller than those of the body, following by one larger scale in each lobe. Dorsal procurrent rays 12-13 and ventral procurrent rays 12-14 (n = 3).</p><p>Scales cycloid, moderately large. Lateral line complete with 40-42 (mode = 41, n = 16, Fig. 3).[Scale rows between dorsalfin origin and lateral line 6-7 (mode = 6, n = 18); scale rows between lateral line and pelvic-fin origin 3-4 (mode = 4, n = 18). Predorsal scales 14, arranged in regular series (n = 18). Scales rows around caudal peduncle 14 (n = 18). Axillary scale on pelvic-fin origin extends posteriorly covering 2-3 scales. Scale sheath along anal-fin base with 7-10 scales in single series, extending to base of most anterior branched rays.</p><p>Precaudal vertebrae 17; caudal vertebrae 23-24; total vertebrae 40-41. Supraneurals 6-7 (n = 3). Gill rakers on upper limb of outer gill arch 5-6, and on lower limb 9-10 (n = 5).</p><p>Color in alcohol. Dorsal portion of head and body with dense concentration of black chromatophores. Dorsal and dorsolateral portion of caudal peduncle near caudal fin base densely pigmented. Dorsolateral portion of body with scattered black chromatophores. Snout and upper portion of maxilla densely pigmented. Infraorbitals and opercle with scattered black chromatophores. Midlateral body silvery and dark pigmented. One small black humeral spot, located over third to fourth lateral line scales and extending over 1-2 horizontal series of scales, sometimes including lateral line. Base of caudal fin and middle rays black pigmented. Abdominal region almost devoid of black chromatophores. Dorsal, adipose, anal and caudal fin with dark pigmentation diffuse. Pectoral and pelvic fins hyaline (Fig. 16).</p><p>Sexual dimorphism. None of the type specimens examined had hooks on fins or any other apparent sexually dimorphic features. Gill glands were not found on first gill arch.</p><p>Distribution. Hemibrycon mikrostiktos is known from río Aguaytía, upper río Ucayali drainage, Ucayali, Peru (Fig. 4).</p><p>Etymology. The name mikrostiktos is from the Greek, mickros, small, and stiktos, spot, referring to the small humeral spot. A noun in apposition.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FC9766FFFBD67DFC25FEB5FEF9786C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Bertaco, Vinicius A.;Malabarba, Luiz R.	Bertaco, Vinicius A., Malabarba, Luiz R. (2010): A review of the Cis-Andean species of Hemibrycon Günther (Teleostei: Characiformes: Characidae: Stevardiinae), with description of two new species. Neotropical Ichthyology 8 (4): 737-770, DOI: 10.1590/S1679-62252010000400005, URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1679-62252010000400005&lng=en&tlng=en
03FC9766FFF9D678FF59FB14FAE77A1B.text	03FC9766FFF9D678FF59FB14FAE77A1B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Hemibrycon polyodon (Gunther 1864)	<div><p>Hemibrycon polyodon (Günther, 1864)</p><p>Figs. 18-20</p><p>Tetragonopterus (Hemibrycon) polyodon Günther, 1864: 330 (original description; type locality: Guayaquil [río Pastaza basin, río Marañon drainage, upper rio Amazonas basin, Ecuador - see Remarks below]).</p><p>Hemibrycon polyodon . Eigenmann, 1909: 313 (listed, Guayaquil). - Román-Valencia et al., 2007: 184 (diagnose and redescription).</p><p>Hemibrycon coxeyi Fowler, 1943: 1-3, fig. 1 (original description; holotype: ANSP 70155; type locality: Hacienda Las Mascota, mouth of the río Pastaza, drainage of the Marañon, Ecuador). [NEW SYNONYM]</p><p>Hemibrycon pautensis Román-Valencia, Ruiz-C. &amp; Barriga, 2006: 212 (original description; type locality: río Paute en la desenbocadura del río Namangoza, cuenca del Amazonas, provincia de Morona-Santiago, Ecuador). [NEWSYNONYM]</p><p>Diagnosis. Hemibrycon polyodon is distinguished from most of its congeners by the number of branched anal-fin rays (24- 28 vs. 15-24 or 28-34, Fig. 2). From the species sharing similar lateral line counts, it differs from H. boquiae by the number of scale rows above and below lateral line (8 and 6 vs. 6-7 and 4-5, respectively), and by the number of predorsal scales (15-17 vs. 12-15); from H. brevispini and H. cairoense by the number of scale rows above lateral line (8 vs. 6-7); from H. dariensis, H. divisorensis, H. surinamensis and H. taeniurus by the number of lateral line scales (42-45 vs. 39-42, Fig. 3); from H. huambonicus by the number of caudal peduncle scales (16 vs. 18-20), head length (20.9-22.9 vs. 22.0-26.0% SL), and upper jaw length (43.7-45.6 vs. 45.2-52.6% HL); from H. inambari by the number of scales along anal-fin base scale sheath (14-23 vs. 6- 10); from H. jabonero by the number of caudal peduncle scales (16 vs. 14), and number of scale rows below lateral line (6 vs. 4- 5); from H. jelskii by the number of maxillary teeth (7-10 vs. 8- 17), and by the size of humeral spot (6-7 vs. 7-9 horizontal series of scales); from H. metae by the number of cusps of second tooth of premaxillary inner row teeth (5 vs. 7), caudal peduncle length (14.4-16.6 vs. 11.1-14.8% SL), and head length (20.9-22.9 vs. 22.1-25.0% SL); from H. quindos by the number of scale rows above and below of lateral line (8 and 6 vs. 6-7 and 4-5); from H. rafaelense by the number of predorsal scales (15-17 vs. 10-13), orbital diameter (29.5-34.1 vs. 36.6-43.6% HL), and interorbital width (32.1-35.3 vs. 34.7-41.5% HL); and from H. raqueliae and H. yacopiae by the number of predorsal scales (15-17 vs. 10-14), and by the number of cusps of first maxillary tooth (3 vs. 5 in H. raqueliae). Furthermore, H. polyodon can be distinguished from H. surinamensis and H. divisorensis by the absence of a wide black asymmetrical spot covering base of caudal-fin rays, and from H. dariensis by the absence of pigment in the distal tip of rays just above and below to middle caudal-fin rays.</p><p>Description. Morphometric data for H. polyodon summarized in Table 5. Largest male 74.9 mm SL, largest female 69.5 mm SL. Body compressed and moderate elongate; greatest body depth at vertical through middle length of pectoral fins. Dorsal profile of head slightly convex. Dorsal body profile convex from occipital bony to base of last dorsal-fin ray; straight from this point to adipose-fin origin. Ventral profile of head nearly straight to slightly convex. Ventral body profile convex from pectoral-fin origin to pelvic-fin origin, and straight to anal-fin origin. Body profile along anal-fin base posterodorsally slanted. Caudal peduncle elongate, nearly straight to slightly concave along dorsal and ventral margins.</p><p>Snout rounded from margin of upper lip to vertical through anterior nostrils. Head small. Mouth terminal, mouth slit nearly at horizontal through middle of eye. Maxilla long and slightly curved, aligned at angle of approximately 45º to longitudinal body axis, and its posterior tip extending below orbit, reaching nearly to vertical through center of eye.</p><p>Premaxilla with two tooth rows; outer row with 3-5, tricuspid teeth with central cusp slightly longer; inner row with 4 tri- to pentacuspids teeth, gradually decreasing in length from first to third teeth and last tooth smallest; central cusp twice or three times longer and broader than other cusps. Maxilla fully toothed with 7-10 uni- to tricuspid teeth, with central cusp longer. Three anteriormost dentary teeth larger, with 5 cusps, followed by medium sized tooth with 3-5 cusps, and 7-9 teeth with 1-3 cusps or conical; central cusp in all teeth two to three times longer and broader than other cusps. Cusp tips slightly curved posteriorly and lingually (Fig. 20).</p><p>Dorsal-fin rays ii,8 (n = 15); first unbranched ray approximately one-half length of second ray. Dorsal-fin origin located approximately to middle of SL and posterior to vertical through pelvic-fin origin. Profile of distal margin of dorsal fin nearly straight. Males with bony hooks in distal one-third of first to fifth branched rays. Adipose-fin located at vertical through insertion of two last anal-fin rays. Anal-fin rays iiiv,24-28 (one with 24 and one with 28, mode = 26, n = 14, Fig. 2). Anal-fin profile convex in males and nearly straight in females. Anal-fin origin approximately at vertical through middle dorsal-fin base. Anal-fin rays of males bearing one pair of developed bony hooks along posterolateral border of each segment of lepidotrichia, along last unbranched ray and all branched rays. Hooks usually located along posteriormost branch and distal 1 / 2 to 2 / 3 of each ray. Pectoral-fin rays i,10-12 (mode = 11, n = 15). Pectoral-fin tip reaching pelvic-fin origin in males. Males with bony hooks on distal portion of unbranched and all branched rays. Pelvic-fin rays i,6,i (n = 15). Pelvic-fin origin located 5-6 predorsal scales anterior to vertical through dorsal-fin origin. Pelvic fin of males usually bearing one developed bony hook per segment of lepidotrichia along ventromedial border of all branched rays. Caudal fin forked with 19 principal rays without bony hooks (n = 15); lobes similar in size. Caudal-fin base with few scales. Dorsal procurrent rays 12 and ventral procurrent rays 11 (n = 2).</p><p>Scales cycloid, moderately large. Lateral line complete with 42-45 (mode = 45, n = 14, Fig. 3). Scale rows between dorsalfin origin and lateral line 8 (n = 15); scale rows between lateral line and pelvic-fin origin 6 (n = 15). Predorsal scales 15-17, arranged in regular series (mode = 16, n = 13). Scales rows around caudal peduncle 16 (n = 14). Axillary scale on pelvicfin origin extends posteriorly covering 2-3 scales. Scale sheath along anal-fin base with 14-23 scales in single series, extending to base of 15 th to 24 th branched rays.</p><p>Precaudal vertebrae 18-19; caudal vertebrae 22-24; total vertebrae 40-43. Supraneurals 7-9. Gill rakers on upper limb of outer gill arch 7-8, and on lower limb 11-13 (n = 5).</p><p>Color in alcohol. The holotype is discolored, except for the middle caudal-fin rays (Fig. 18). Color based on the non-type specimens. General ground body color yellowish. Dorsal portion of head and body with concentration of black chromatophores. Dorsolateral portion of head and body with scattered black chromatophores. Midlateral body silvery. One large and vertical black humeral spot, located over fourth to sixth lateral line scales and extending over 6-7 horizontal series of scales, including lateral line. Midlateral dark stripe extending from humeral region to middle caudal-fin rays, broad in caudal peduncle.Abdominal region almost devoid of black chromatophores. Dorsal, caudal, and anal fins with scattered black chromatophores. Pectoral, pelvic and adipose fins hyaline (Fig. 19).</p><p>Sexual dimorphism. Males of Hemibrycon polyodon are easily recognized by the presence of bony hooks on the dorsal-, pectoral-, anal- and pelvic-fin rays. Males and females also slightly differ in pectoral- and pelvic-fin lengths (Table 5) and in anal-fin shape, which is convex in males and nearly straight in females. Gill glands were not found on first gill arch in either males or females.</p><p>Distribution. Hemibrycon polyodon is known from the río Pastaza, río Marañon drainage, and upper ríoAmazonas basin, Ecuador (Fig. 4).</p><p>Remarks of Hemibrycon polyodon . Günther (1864) described Tetragonopterus polyodon based on a single specimen from Guayaquil, Ecuador. Eigenmann (1927: 409-410) in his revision of the genus, assigned the distribution of H. polyodon as “Coastal streams of Ecuador ”, also stated that “It is more than probable that the types were shipped from Guayaquil but were collected at a considerable elevation in the interior of Ecuador or Peru ”.</p><p>Recently, Román-Valencia et al. (2007) redescribed H. polyodon based in the digital image of holotype and some additional specimens from Santiago and Morona River basins. They furnished an insufficient diagnose for the recognition of the species, and the characters described in their diagnosis [“ aleta dorsal con radios simples y ramificados de igual longitud, una mancha humeral estrecha y verticalmente alargada que alcanza una horizontal trazada desde el borde inferiror del opérculo ”] were not found in our analysis of the holotype and non-type specimens of H. polyodon . Also, the authors commented that the supraorbital bone is found in this species, as well as other Hemibrycon species, but this bone is absent in all species of Hemibrycon we have examined (see discussion in Bertaco et al., 2007).</p><p>Remarks of Hemibrycon coxeyi . The holotype of Hemibrycon coxeyi is badly preserved, lacking several body scales, with dorsal fin and snout broken, and body completely discolored. Only some measurements were taken, as fins length (except dorsal fin), body and caudal peduncle depth, and caudal peduncle length.All scales and fin ray counts were taken, except for the count of anal-fin scale sheath. Fowler (1943: 2) described H. coxeyi based on one of three specimens collected by Mr. W. Judson Coxey in 1931 in Ecuador. The author provided the exact locality according to Coxey trip: “All these specimens are from the basin of the Río Pastaza, in Tungurahua, where he spent some time on the river at the Hacienda Las Mascota”. Fowler recognized that H. coxeyi was nearly related to H. polyodon from the Pacific slope of Ecuador, but he was unable to identify the new species as H. polyodon based on Günther’s description. Böhlke (1958: 24-25) doubted the type locality of H. coxeyi reported by Fowler (“Hacienda Las Mascota, mouth of the Rio Pastaza, basin of the Rio Maranon, Ecuador ”) and in footnote cited a reference to the location: “Annals Entomol. Soc. America, vol. 34, no. 4, Dec. 1941, p. 848”. According to Böhlke, this reference places Hacienda Las Mascota at a point far removed from mouth of the Pastaza (01º25’S 78º11’W), a station occupied on several occasions for some length of time by Coxey.The exact location of mouth of the río Pastaza is about 04º52’S 76º21’W according to Böhlke and current maps. Latter, Géry (1962: 66) discussing about the distribution of the known forms of Hemibrycon, commented that H. coxeyi is probably a synonym of H. huambonicus, and H. polyodon comes very probably from the same area of these species.According to Lima et al. (2003) the type locality should be amended to “ Ecuador, Napo-Pastaza, Hacienda Mascota, río Topo, a tributary of río Pastaza, 01º25’S 78º11’W. The type localities of H. polyodon and H. coxeyi were inexact, but can be in some place of río Pastaza drainage, a relatively large tributary to the left margin of río Marañon, upper río Amazonas basin, in Ecuador.</p><p>A comparison of the holotypes of H. polyodon and H. coxeyi, and new specimens from río Pastaza drainage failed to reveal any differences in examined meristic and morphometric features or other characters. Hemibrycon coxeyi is, therefore, considered a junior synonym of H. polyodon, an action previously suggested by Géry (1962).</p><p>Remarks of Hemibrycon pautensis Román-Valencia, Ruiz-C. &amp; Barriga, 2006 . Hemibrycon pautensis was described by Román-Valencia et al. (2006) based on specimens collected in río Paute, a tributary of the río Santiago drainage, río Marañon drainage, Ecuador. The río Santiago is nearly located to río Pastaza, both affluents of left margin of río Marañon drainage, in Peru and Ecuador, where also occurs Hemibrycon polyodon . In the original description, one of the characters presented in the diagnosis, the presence of six to seven branched dorsal-fin rays in H. pautensis was not found in the species of Hemibrycon analyzed in this study, as well as in any other Stevardiinae (sensu Mirande, 2009, 2010). Another character used by those authors in the diagnosis of the species, the number of branched anal fin rays (27-28), can be easily found in several species of the genus that were not compared in the diagnosis of their new species. Moreover, the authors presented different values along the text and table for counts of branched rays of anal-fin (27-28 and 25-28) and dorsal-fin (7-8 and 8-9), and number of maxillary teeth (7-11 and 9-11) for that species, respectively. Furthermore, the authors referred to the presence of a supraorbital bone in H. pautensis, and other Hemibrycon species, but this bone is absent in all species of Hemibrycon examined (Bertaco et al., 2007).</p><p>Analyzing the characters presented in the diagnosis and in the description of H. pautensis it is not possible to distinguish this species from H. polyodon, also found in the río Santiago drainage according to Román-Valencia et al. (2006). Intriguing, however, the authors did not compare H. pautensis with H. polyodon in the diagnosis, but only with some of the species of the genus. Therefore, we considered H. pautensis a junior synonym of H. polyodon .</p><p>Material examined. Hemibrycon polyodon, BMNH 1858.7.25.41, holotype, female, 70.4 mm SL, Guayaquil [Ecuador]. Hemibrycon coxeyi, ANSP 70155, holotype, female (x-ray), 86.0 mm SL, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-78.183334&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-1.4166666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -78.183334/lat -1.4166666)">Hacienda Mascota</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-78.183334&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-1.4166666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -78.183334/lat -1.4166666)">río Topo</a>, a tributary of the <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-78.183334&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-1.4166666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -78.183334/lat -1.4166666)">río Pastaza</a>, drainage of the <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-78.183334&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-1.4166666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -78.183334/lat -1.4166666)">río Marañon</a>, Napo-Pastaza, Ecuador, 01º25’S 78º11’W, Apr 1931, W. J. Coxey, JC31-MRP-4. Non -type specimens. Ecuador, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-78.083336&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-1.45" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -78.083336/lat -1.45)">río Marañon drainage</a>: KU 19978, 1, 45,7 mm SL, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-78.083336&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-1.45" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -78.083336/lat -1.45)">río Alpayacu</a> 1 km E Mera, Pastaza, ca. 01º27’S 78º05’W, 23 Jul 1968 . KU 19992, 3, 31.0- 78.2 mm SL, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-78.21667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-1.4" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -78.21667/lat -1.4)">río Negro</a>, tributary of <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-78.21667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-1.4" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -78.21667/lat -1.4)">río Pastaza</a> 1 km W of <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-78.21667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-1.4" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -78.21667/lat -1.4)">río Negro Twp</a>., Tungurahua, ca. 01º24’S 78º13’W, 26 Jul 1968 . KU 19995, 2, 27.7-29.3 mm SL, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-78.21667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-1.4" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -78.21667/lat -1.4)">río Pastaza</a> above <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-78.21667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-1.4" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -78.21667/lat -1.4)">río Negro</a>, Tungurahua, ca. 01º24’S 78º13’W, 26 Jul 1968 . KU 20004, 42 of 84 (2 c&amp;s), 15.5-72.3 mm SL, N shore <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-78.21667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-1.4" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -78.21667/lat -1.4)">río Pastaza</a> below <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-78.21667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-1.4" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -78.21667/lat -1.4)">río Negro</a> (town), Tungurahua, ca. 01º24’S 78º13’W, 26 Jul 1968 .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FC9766FFF9D678FF59FB14FAE77A1B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Bertaco, Vinicius A.;Malabarba, Luiz R.	Bertaco, Vinicius A., Malabarba, Luiz R. (2010): A review of the Cis-Andean species of Hemibrycon Günther (Teleostei: Characiformes: Characidae: Stevardiinae), with description of two new species. Neotropical Ichthyology 8 (4): 737-770, DOI: 10.1590/S1679-62252010000400005, URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1679-62252010000400005&lng=en&tlng=en
03FC9766FFFCD677FC13F980FA3F7E11.text	03FC9766FFFCD677FC13F980FA3F7E11.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Hemibrycon surinamensis Gery 1962	<div><p>Hemibrycon surinamensis Géry, 1962</p><p>Figs. 21-22</p><p>Hemibrycon surinamensis Géry, 1962: 66 (map with distribution, fig. 1), 71 (diagnosis; fig. 2 - holotype; type locality: brownscreek, km 114 of the railroad Paramaribo-Dam, Paramaracca river basin, Surinam), 72-75 (original description), 78 (in key).</p><p>Diagnosis. Hemibrycon surinamensis is distinguished from all congeners, except H. divisorensis, by the presence of a wide black asymmetrical spot covering base of caudal-fin rays and extending along entire length of caudal-fin rays 9 to 12- 13. Hemibrycon surinamensis differs from H. divisorensis by the absence of a black band in the lower half of the caudal peduncle from the region above the last anal-fin rays to the caudal-fin base, and by the smaller number of scales along anal-fin base scale sheath (15-16 vs. 17-22).</p><p>Description. Morphometric data for H. surinamensis summarized in Table 6. Largest male 80.2 mm SL, largest female 91.5 mm SL. Body compressed and moderately elongate; greatest body depth at vertical through middle length of pectoral fins. Dorsal body profile convex from nostril to dorsalfin origin, slightly concave in supraocciptal spine; posteroventrally slanted at dorsal-fin base; straight from last dorsal-fin ray to adipose-fin origin. Ventral profile of head convex. Ventral body profile slightly convex to nearly straight from pectoral-fin origin to pelvic-fin origin, and straight to slightly convex to anal-fin origin. Body profile along anal-fin base posterodorsally slanted. Caudal peduncle short, nearly straight to slightly concave along dorsal and ventral margins.</p><p>Snout rounded from margin of upper lip to vertical through anterior nostrils. Head small. Mouth terminal. Maxilla long and slightly curved, aligned at angle of approximately 45º to longitudinal body axis, and its posterior tip extending below orbit, reaching nearly to vertical through center of eye.</p><p>Premaxilla with two tooth rows; outer row with 4-6, tricuspid teeth with central cusp slightly longer; inner row with 4 tetra- to pentacuspids teeth, gradually decreasing in length from first to third teeth and last smaller; central cusp twice or three times longer and broader than other cusps. Maxilla fully toothed with 7-14 tricuspid teeth (rarely pentacuspid), except for last four or five conical teeth, with central cusp longer. Three or 4 anteriormost dentary teeth larger, with 5 cusps, followed by medium sized tooth with 3- 5 cusps, and 8-10 teeth with 1-3 cusps or conical; central cusp in all teeth two to three times longer and broader than other cusps. Cusp tips slightly curved posteriorly and lingually (Fig. 22).</p><p>Dorsal-fin rays ii,8 (n = 67); first unbranched ray approximately one-half length of second ray. Dorsal-fin origin located posterior to middle of SL and posterior to vertical through pelvic-fin origin. Profile of distal margin of dorsal fin slightly concave.Adipose-fin located approximately at vertical through insertion of last three or four anal-fin ray.Anal-fin rays iii-iv,26-27 (two with 25 three with 28, mode = 27, n = 67, Fig. 2). First unbranched ray normally only apparent in cleared and stained specimens.Anal-fin profile slightly concave in females and males. Anal-fin origin posterior to vertical through base of last dorsal-fin ray. Anal-fin rays of males bearing one pair of small, elongate, retrorse bony hooks along posterolateral border of each segment of lepidotrichia, usually along last unbranched ray and twelve anterior branched rays; hooks more numerous along second through seventh branched rays. Hooks usually located along posteriormost branch and distal 1 / 2 to 2 / 3 of each ray. Pectoral-fin rays i,10-12 (mode = 11, n = 67). Pectoral-fin tip reaching pelvic-fin origin in males but not in females. Pelvic-fin rays i,7 (one with i,8; n = 67). Pelvic-fin origin located anterior to vertical through dorsal-fin origin. Pelvic fin of males usually bearing 1 retrorse bony hook per segment of lepidotrichia along ventromedial border of second to ninth branched rays. Caudal fin forked with 19 principal rays without bony hooks (n = 67); lobes similar in size. Dorsal procurrent rays 10-11, and ventral procurrent rays 9-11 (n = 6).</p><p>Scales cycloid, moderately large. Lateral line complete with 39-41 (mode = 41, n = 62, Fig. 3). Scale rows between dorsal-fin origin and lateral line 6-7 (mode = 7, n = 67); scale rows between lateral line and pelvic-fin origin 4-5 (mode = 5, n = 67). Predorsal scales 12-15, arranged in regular series (mode = 13). Scales rows around caudal peduncle 14. Axillary scale on pelvic-fin origin extends posteriorly covering 2-3 scales. Scale sheath along anal-fin base with 12-17 scales in single series, extending to base of eighth to fourteenth branched rays.</p><p>Precaudal vertebrae 16-17; caudal vertebrae 21-22; total vertebrae 38-39 (n = 10). Supraneurals 6-7 (n = 6). Gill rakers on upper limb of outer gill arch 7-9, and on lower limb 11-12 (n = 12).</p><p>Color in alcohol. General ground body color yellowish. Dorsal and dorsolateral portion of head and body pigmented dark brown. One black humeral spot narrow, larger and vertically elongate, located over fifth to sixth lateral line scales and extending over 5-6 horizontal series of scales, including lateral line. Midlateral body stripe broad silvery extending from humeral region to caudal peduncle. A wide black spot covering base of caudal-fin rays and extending about median rays. Dorsal fin with dark pigmentation diffuse, and anal fin with small black chromatophores along its border forming narrow stripe in some specimens. Other fins without distinctive marks (Fig. 21).</p><p>Sexual dimorphism. Males of Hemibrycon surinamensis are easily recognized by the presence of bony hooks on the dorsal-, anal-, pelvic-, and pectoral-fin rays. Males and females also slightly differ in pectoral- and pelvic-fin lengths, and body depth (Table 6). Mature males with gill gland on first gill arch, covering the first branchial filaments.</p><p>Distribution. Hemibrycon surinamensis is known from coastal basins of French Guiana and Suriname (Paramacca and Maroni basins), and from lower rios Tapajós, Tocantins and Xigu basins, Pará, Brazil (Fig. 4).</p><p>Remarks. Géry (1962) described Hemibrycon surinamensis from the basin of Paramacca River, Suriname, based on his particular fish collection. Géry gave the catalog number of only one lot of paratypes from ZMA fish collection (ZMA 100347, paratype), and listed the remaining lots as belonging to his particular fish collection (Holotype Nr. M. 107; and 9 paratypes Nr. M. 107.2-11, except Nr. 4). Later, the holotype was donated to ZMA (catalogued as ZMA 104188), and the paratypes were distributed to MHNG and MNHN fish collections. Planquette et al. (1996) collected several specimens and lots of H. surinamensis in some river basins from French Guiana, as the Maroni, Approuague, Comté and Mana. In the 1980 decade, Michael Goulding makes several collecting expeditions in the Amazon basin, including the rio Tocantins. Most of the fishes collected by Goulding are located at MZUSP, but a large portion has not been cataloged. We have analyzed the lots of Hemibrycon collected by Goulding in 1983 in the rio Itacaiúnas, lower rio Tocantins basin and concluded that is the same species from Suriname and French Guiana, H. surinamensis . No significant difference was found between the Suriname / French Guiana and Tocantins populations. Recently, new Hemibrycon specimens were collected in lower Tapajós and Xingu river basins (Delineamento da Ecorregião Aquática Xingu-Tapajós Project, CETEM, RJ), and after an examination, we conclude that also belong to H. surinamensis .</p><p>Material examined. Paratypes. MHNG 2182.59, 1 of 2, 57.1 mm SL, brownkreek sur 114 km railroad Paramacca River basin, Suriname, 6 Nov 1960 (origin ZMA) . MNHN 1980.1435, 1, 53.3 mm SL, Suriname, Nov 1960, H. P. Pijpers . ZMA 100.347, 4 of 7, 55.0- 64.8 mm SL, Paramacca River basin, Brownscreek, 8 km NW of Brownsweg Village, km 14 of the railroad Paramaribo-Dam, Suriname, 6 Nov 1960, H. P. Pijpers . Non-type specimens. French Guiana: MHNG 2179.27, 2, 74.6-76.3 mm SL, crique Cochou, environ de Saul, Maroni, 7 Jun 1983 (coll. J. Géry 107) . MHNG 2279.28, 12 (2 c&amp;s), 51.5-91.5 mm SL, bassin Mana, eau claire environ de Saül, 1983 (coll. Géry 107) . MHNG 2182.61, 3, 53.2-80.2 mm SL, crique Balatés, Maroni River drainage . MHNG 2182.62, 2, 35.8-73.6 mm SL, crique Balatés, 9 Oct 1979 (coll. J. Géry 107) . MHNG 2182.63, 6, 29.5-75.5 mm SL, riviere Conté, crique Blanche, 3 Oct 1979 (coll. Géry 0107) . MNHN 1989.0046, 1, 43.3 mm SL, crique Japigny, río Approuague drainage, Cayenne, Meunier at Pascal Boujard, Nov 1988 . MNHN 1994.0094, 1, 38.5 mm SL, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-52.7&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=4.0333333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -52.7/lat 4.0333333)">Arataye River</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-52.7&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=4.0333333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -52.7/lat 4.0333333)">Approuague River drainage</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-52.7&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=4.0333333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -52.7/lat 4.0333333)">Saut</a> parare, Cayenne, ca. 04º02’N 52º42’W, Meunier at Pascal Boujard, Nov 1988 . MNHN 1998.1780, 2, 59.8-72.0 mm SL, Tampoc, ca. 03º20’N 53º45’W, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-53.75&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=3.3333333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -53.75/lat 3.3333333)">río Maroni drainage</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-53.75&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=3.3333333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -53.75/lat 3.3333333)">Filet Haut</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-53.75&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=3.3333333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -53.75/lat 3.3333333)">St. Laurent du Maroni</a>, 26 Nov 1998 . MNHN 1998.1931, 11, 35.5-77.1 mm SL, Grand Inini, Maroni River drainage, St. Laurent du Maroni, 27 Sep 1997 . MNHN 2001.1944, 8, 26.2-37.4 mm SL, crique Blanche, Comté River drainage, Cayenne, 3 Oct 1979 . MNHN 2001.2513, 13, 23.4-37.1 mm SL, Approuague River drainage, Decouverte, Cayenne, 10 Nov 2003 . MNHN 2002.3511, 10, 69.8-88.7 mm SL, Alama, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-54.575275&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=2.3072221" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -54.575275/lat 2.3072221)">Maroni River drainage</a>, Mitaraka, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-54.575275&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=2.3072221" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -54.575275/lat 2.3072221)">St. Laurent du Maroni</a>, 02º18’26”N 54º34’31”W, 17 Oct 2002 . MNHN 2004.1199, 2, 35.4-39.6 mm SL, Petit Approuague, Orapu River drainage, Cayenne, 9 Nov 2003 . Suriname: MHNG 1553.54-58, 5, 46.8-77.3 mm SL, Torrent rocheux dans le Brownberg national Parck, Oct 1976 . MHNG 2182.57, 1, 52.6 mm SL, Maroni creek, 7 Jul 1949 (coll. Géry M. 58) . MHNG 2182.64, 1, 69.5 mm SL, torrent rocheux ds le Brownsberg National Park, Feb 1977 (coll. J. Géry 107) . MHNG 2279.80, 1, 69.6 mm SL, Maroni, crique grand fossé, env. de Saul, 7 Jun 1983 (coll. J. Géry 107) . ZMA 107.232, 11, 49.0- 74.2 mm SL, district Saramacca, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-56.95&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=3.8166666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -56.95/lat 3.8166666)">Coppename River</a> on northern slope of <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-56.95&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=3.8166666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -56.95/lat 3.8166666)">Wilhelmina Mountains</a>, ca. 03º49’N 56º57’W, 17 May 1967 . ZMA 107.275, 4, 53.2-82.9 mm SL, Kamaloea (= Saloea) Creek at right bank of Marowijne River, 9 km SE of Gran Creek, district Marowijne, 24 Apr 1967 . Brazil, Pará. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-53.774723&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-3.7325" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -53.774723/lat -3.7325)">Lower rio Tapajós basin</a>: MNRJ 34433, 3, 39.5-45.7 mm SL, igarapé tributary of <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-53.774723&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-3.7325" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -53.774723/lat -3.7325)">rio Uruará</a>, 4 km west of Uruará, 03º43’57”S 53º46’29”W, 26 Sep 2008 . MNRJ 34435, 3, 32.6-45.4 mm SL, igarapé at <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-54.894726&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-4.133333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -54.894726/lat -4.133333)">Balneário Cachoeira</a>, Rurópolis, 04º08’00”S 54º53’41”W, 27 Sep 2008 . MNRJ 34437, 9, 27.4-35.0 mm SL, igarapé at road <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-55.228333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-4.131111" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -55.228333/lat -4.131111)">Transamazônica</a>, ca. 52 km of Rurópolis, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-55.228333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-4.131111" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -55.228333/lat -4.131111)">Rurópolis</a>, 04º07’52"S 55º13’42"W, 27 Sep 2008 . Lower rio Tocantins basin: MZUSP 30529, 23 of 26 (3 c&amp;s), 32.7-87.1 mm SL ; MCP 17074, 1 c&amp;s, 51.9 mm SL, río Itacaiúnas, Caldeirão, 15 Oct 1983 . MZUSP 30530, 5, 44.9-68.8 mm SL, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-50.533333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-5.866667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -50.533333/lat -5.866667)">río Itacaiúnas</a>, estrada de <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-50.533333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-5.866667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -50.533333/lat -5.866667)">Ferro</a>, 10 km leste do N-4, ca. 05º52’S 50º32’W, 13 Oct 1983 . MZUSP 31840, 1, 77.5 mm SL, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-50.533333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-5.866667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -50.533333/lat -5.866667)">río Itacaiúnas</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-50.533333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-5.866667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -50.533333/lat -5.866667)">Igarapé Pojuca</a>, Caldeirão, Serra dos Carajás, ca. 05º52’S 50º32’W, 5 Oct 1983 . Lower <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-50.446114&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-7.304167" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -50.446114/lat -7.304167)">rio Xingu basin</a>: MNRJ 34439, 12, 30.1-43.4 mm SL, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-50.446114&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-7.304167" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -50.446114/lat -7.304167)">córrego do Mico</a>, affluent of <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-50.446114&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-7.304167" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -50.446114/lat -7.304167)">rio Fresco</a>, tributary of <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-50.446114&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-7.304167" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -50.446114/lat -7.304167)">rio Juari</a>, ca. 7 km NW of Bannach, Bannach, 07º18’15”S 50º26’46”W, 10 Oct 2008 . MNRJ 34441, 3, 54.2-60.0 mm SL, affluent of <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-50.619442&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-7.2233334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -50.619442/lat -7.2233334)">rio Fresco</a>, tributary of <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-50.619442&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-7.2233334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -50.619442/lat -7.2233334)">rio Juari</a>, ca. 1 km E of Jauri, Ourilândia do Norte, 07º13’24”S 50º37’10”W, 10 Oct 2008 . MNRJ 34443, 1, 41.5 mm SL, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-51.81333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-6.5950003" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -51.81333/lat -6.5950003)">igarapé Manguari</a>, km 28, São Félix do Xingu, 06º35’42”S 51º48’48”W, 12 Oct 2008 .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FC9766FFFCD677FC13F980FA3F7E11	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Bertaco, Vinicius A.;Malabarba, Luiz R.	Bertaco, Vinicius A., Malabarba, Luiz R. (2010): A review of the Cis-Andean species of Hemibrycon Günther (Teleostei: Characiformes: Characidae: Stevardiinae), with description of two new species. Neotropical Ichthyology 8 (4): 737-770, DOI: 10.1590/S1679-62252010000400005, URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1679-62252010000400005&lng=en&tlng=en
03FC9766FFF3D672FC19FD96FBC97DBB.text	03FC9766FFF3D672FC19FD96FBC97DBB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Hemibrycon taeniurus (Gill 1858)	<div><p>Hemibrycon taeniurus (Gill, 1858)</p><p>Figs. 23-24</p><p>Poecilurichthys taeniurus Gill, 1858: 418 (original description; type locality: Island of Trinidad).</p><p>Tetragonopterus taeniurus . - Günther, 1864: 317 (Trinidad).</p><p>Tetragonopterus (Hemibrycon) trinitatis Lütken, 1875: 234 (original description; type locality: Trinidad Island, West Indies). - Eigenmann, 1927: 412 (synonym of H. taeniurus Gill, Trinidad). - Lima et al., 2003: 159 (species inquirenda in Characidae).</p><p>Tetragonopterus guppyi Regan, 1906:384 (original description; 5 type specimens 65-85 mm TL; type locality: Glenside Estate stream, at the foot of the n. range of hills, Trinidad I.). [NEW SYNONYM]</p><p>Hemibrycon taeniurus . - Eigenmann, 1909: 327 (listed).</p><p>Hemibrycon guppyi . - Eigenmann, 1909: 327 (listed; distribution: Trinidad).</p><p>Hemibrycon guppii [error]. - Eigenmann, 1910: 432 (listed; distribution: Trinidad).</p><p>Diagnosis. Hemibrycon taeniurus is distinguished from most of its congeners by the number of branched anal-fin rays (25- 29 vs. 15-24, Fig. 2). From the species sharing similar lateral line counts, it differs from H. boquiae by the number of scale rows above lateral line (8 vs. 6-7), and by the total number of vertebrae (39-41 vs. 41-43); from H. brevispini by the number of cusps of three anteriormost dentary teeth (5 vs. 3), and by absence of bony hooks in the caudal-fin rays of males (vs. presence); from H. cairoense, H. huambonicus and H. polyodon by the number of lateral line scales (40-42 vs. 43-46, 44-48 and 42-45, respectively); from H. dariensis by the number of cusps of second tooth of premaxillary inner row teeth (5 vs. 7), and by the absence of pigment in the distal tip of rays just above and below to middle caudal-fin rays; from H. divisorensis and H. surinamensis by the absence of a wide black asymmetrical spot covering base of caudal-fin rays; from H. inambari by the number of scales along anal-fin base scale sheath (10-15 vs. 6-10); from H. jabonero by the number of caudal peduncle scales (16 vs. 14); from H. jelskii by the size of humeral spot (over 4-5 vs. 7-9 horizontal series of scales); from H. metae by the number of cusps of second tooth of premaxillary inner row teeth (5 vs. 7); from H. quindos by the number of scale rows above lateral line (8 vs. 5-7); and from H. raqueliae by the number of predorsal scales (15-19 vs. 10-13) and by the number of cusps of first maxillary tooth (3 vs. 5).</p><p>Description. Morphometric data for H. taeniurus summarized in Table 7. Largest male 65.1 mm SL, largest female 81.8 mm SL. Body compressed and moderately elongate; greatest body depth anterior to dorsal-fin origin. Dorsal profile of head slightly convex. Dorsal body profile convex from occipital bone to base of last dorsal-fin ray; straight from this point to adipose-fin origin. Ventral profile of head slightly convex. Ventral body profile convex from pectoral-fin origin to pelvicfin origin, and straight to slightly convex to anal-fin origin. Body profile along anal-fin base posterodorsally slanted. Caudal peduncle elongate, nearly straight to slightly concave along dorsal and ventral margins.</p><p>Snout rounded from margin of upper lip to vertical through anterior nostrils. Head small. Mouth terminal, mouth slit nearly at horizontal through middle of eye. Maxilla long and slightly curved, aligned at angle of approximately 45º to longitudinal body axis, and its posterior tip extending below orbit, reaching nearly to vertical through center of eye.</p><p>Premaxilla with two tooth rows; outer row with 4-6, tricuspid teeth with central cusp slightly longer; inner row with 4 tetrato pentacuspids teeth, gradually decreasing in length from first to third teeth and last smaller; central cusp twice or three times longer and broader than other cusps. Maxilla toothed with 7-15 uni- to tricuspid teeth, with central cusp longer. Three anteriormost dentary teeth larger, with 5 cusps, followed by medium sized tooth with 3-5 cusps, and 10-13 teeth with 1- 3 cusps or conical; central cusp in all teeth two to three times longer and broader than other cusps. Cusp tips slightly curved posteriorly and lingually (Fig. 24).</p><p>Dorsal-fin rays ii,8 (n = 39); first unbranched ray approximately one-half length of second ray. Dorsal-fin origin located posterior to middle of SL and posterior to vertical through pelvic-fin origin. Profile of distal margin of dorsal fin nearly straight to slightly concave. Males with bony hooks in distal one-third of first branched rays.Adipose-fin located at vertical through insertion of last anal-fin rays.Anal-fin rays ii-vi,26-29 (two with 25, mode = 27, n = 39, Fig. 2). Anal-fin profile slightly concave in males and females.Anal-fin origin approximately at vertical through insertion in the last dorsal fin rays. Anal-fin rays of males bearing one pair of developed bony hooks along posterolateral border of each segment of lepidotrichia, along last unbranched ray and twelfth to fifth branched rays, and small bony hooks on remaining rays. Hooks usually located along posteriormost branch and distal 1 / 2 to 2 / 3 of each ray. Pectoral-fin rays i,10-12 (mode = 11, n = 39). Pectoral-fin tip surpassing pelvic-fin origin in males and nearly reaching in females. Males with bony hooks on distal portion of unbranched and all branched rays. Pelvic-fin rays i,6,i (rarely i,7, n = 39). Pelvic-fin origin located 4-5 predorsal scales anterior to vertical through dorsal-fin origin. Pelvic fin of males usually bearing 1 small bony hook per segment of lepidotrichia along ventromedial border of all branched rays. Caudal fin forked with 19 principal rays without bony hooks (n = 39); lobes similar in size. Caudalfin base have a few scales. Dorsal procurrent rays 11-13, and ventral procurrent rays 10-12 (n = 7).</p><p>Scales cycloid, moderately large. Lateral line complete with 40-42 (mode = 40, n = 39, Fig. 3). Scale rows between dorsalfin origin and lateral line 8 (n = 39); scale rows between lateral line and pelvic-fin origin 5-6 (mode = 6, n = 39). Predorsal scales 13-16, arranged in regular series (mode = 14, n = 36). Scales rows around caudal peduncle 16 (n = 38). Axillary scale on pelvic-fin origin extends posteriorly covering 2-3 scales. Scale sheath along anal-fin base with 10-15 scales in single series, extending to base of most anterior branched rays.</p><p>Precaudal vertebrae 17-18; caudal vertebrae 22-24; total vertebrae 39-41 (n = 7). Supraneurals 5-7 (n = 7). Gill rakers on upper limb of outer gill arch 7-8, and on lower limb 11-13 (n = 25).</p><p>Color in alcohol. Holotype discolored. Color description based on non-type specimens. General ground body color yellowish. Dorsal portion of head and body with concentration of black chromatophores. Dorsolateral portion of head and body with scattered black chromatophores. One large and vertical black humeral spot, located over third to fifth lateral line scales and extending over 4-5 horizontal series of scales, including lateral line. Midlateral dark stripe extending from humeral region to middle caudal-fin rays, broad in the caudal peduncle. Abdominal region almost devoid of black chromatophores. Dorsal and caudal fin with black pigmentation diffuse and anal fin with small black chromatophores along its border forming narrow stripe. Pectoral, pelvic and adipose fins hyaline (Fig. 23).</p><p>Sexual dimorphism. Males of Hemibrycon taeniurus are easily recognized by the presence of bony hooks on the dorsal-, pectoral-, anal- and pelvic-fin rays. Males and females slightly differ in pectoral- and pelvic-fin lengths and body depth (Table 7). Mature males with gill gland on first gill arch, covering the first branchial filaments.</p><p>Distribution. Hemibrycon taeniurus is known inhabiting river basins from West Trinidad Island, Trinidad and Tobago (Fig. 4).</p><p>Remarks. Theodore Gill described Poecilurichthys taeniurus in 1858 when he traveled to the West Indian Islands. In his original description Gill (1858: 418-419) did not provide a catalog number nor museum name for the type material, but the author remarked that “specimens of most of the species which are being described have been deposited in the museum of the Smithsonian Institution, and in the private cabinets of Messrs. Stewart &amp; Brevoort”. Vari &amp; Howe (1991) report no type specimens of P. taeniurus in the Smithsonian catalog of type specimens of Characiformes .</p><p>Later in 1875, Christian Lütken redescribed Tetragonopterus taeniurus (Gill) and described Tetragonopterus (Hemibrycon) trinitatis from Trinidad. Lütken did not explain to which museum belong the specimens used in his descriptions. According to Lütken (1875: 234) a glass of “tetragonopters” from Trinidad, that Mr. Riise obtained from Dr. (?Hr.) Gill at his return from that island, classified as Brevortia [sic] taeniata Gill, contained two specimens of T. taeniurus (Gill), and seven specimens of a form that looks closely related to Tetragonopterus . These seven specimens were found to lack the dark humeral spot, and to have a maxilla equipped with small teeth in a greater part of its length, being referred by Lütken to the subgenus Hemibrycon, as T. (H.) trinitatis .</p><p>Regan (1906: 383-384) redescribed T. taeniurus based on two specimens from Trinidad, reporting that received one specimen from the Copenhagen Museum as T. trinitatis, commenting: “Gill’s description of T. taeniurus is, so far it goes, perfectly applicable to T. trinitatis, and there can be but little doubt of their identify”. In the same work, Regan proposed a new species, H. guppyi, from Trinidad Island, and presented the only possible differences between these species: “ H. taeniurus has diameter of eye 2.5 in the HL and a little greater than interorbital width, and H. guppyi has diameter of eye 3-3.5 in the HL and less than interorbital width”.</p><p>In the catalog of fish types of Zoological Museum of Copenhagen, Nielsen (1974) reported the five syntypes of Tetragonopterus trinitatis (ZMUC 962, 963, 966-968), referring the species as a synonym of Hemibrycon taeniurus (Gill) . Lütken worked at ZMUC from 1852 to 1899 (Alves &amp; Pompeu, 2001) and probably the specimens were carried by him for that institution or donated by Gill.</p><p>Boeseman (1960) in “The fresh-water fishes of the island of Trinidad ” provided a table with some distinct characters for H. taeniurus and H. guppyi . Boeseman (1960) and Géry (1962, 1977) distinguished these species by head length, orbital diameter and interorbital width, and commented that (Boeseman, 1960: 93) “These differences, though apparently sufficient for specific discrimination, left some room for doubt, especially since the variability in the discriminative characters still remained to be determined”, but decided to maintain H. guppyi as a separate species from H. taeniurus, although knowing that analysis was limited by the small number of specimens and mostly by not comparable sizes of the specimens available of each nominal species.</p><p>The syntypes of H. taeniurus are somewhat damaged with some caudal-fin rays broken and lacking several body scales. The dentition is preserved. The syntypes of H. guppyi are in good condition for all body measurements. We have analyzed the type series of H. taeniurus and T. Carvalho and R. Reis analyzed the types of H. guppyi when visiting the BMNH. We have compared the data of these species and did not find significant differences to distinguish the two species. Only the snout length in H. guppyi is slightly larger than the syntypes of H. taeniurus . This difference can be related to the observed differences in the standard length range between the type series of the two species (Table 7). New specimens from Trinidad were analyzed and no significant differences were found when compared with the type series of both species. Since there are no diagnostic features to support the recognition of two species, H. guppyi is herein considered a junior synonym of H. taeniurus .</p><p>Material examined. Syntypes. Hemibrycon taeniurus, ZMUC 962- 963, 2, 42.0- 50.6 mm SL, ZMUC 966-968, 3, 33.0-45.0 mm SL, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-61.216667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=10.65" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -61.216667/lat 10.65)">Island of Trinidad</a>, Trinidad. Hemibrycon guppyi, BMNH 1906.6.23.13-17, 5, 46.3-73.4 mm SL, Trinidad. Non-type specimens. Trinidad and Tobago, Trinidad Island: AMNH 215239, 11 of 22 (2 c&amp;s), 57.4- 81.8 mm SL, AMNH 215301, 5 of 10, 57.1-71.2 mm SL. CAS 70076, 3, 44.1-87.3 mm SL, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-61.216667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=10.65" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -61.216667/lat 10.65)">West Indies</a>, Guppy. INHS 40083, 2, 36.9-40.5 mm SL, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-61.216667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=10.65" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -61.216667/lat 10.65)">río Quare</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-61.216667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=10.65" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -61.216667/lat 10.65)">río Cunapo drainage</a>, 1 km E Valencia on road to Arima, St.Andrew County, ca. 10º39’N 61º13’W, 31 Jan 1997 . MCNG 8199, 3 of 5 (1 c&amp;s), 53.4-66.1 mm SL, río Guanapo, 21 Jun 1983 . ROM 61651, 1, 65.8 mm SL, from a few streams of freshwater, 10º25’00”N 61º08’00”W . USNM 290408, 2 (x-ray), 49.4-53.8 mm SL, río Maracas, Jul-Aug 1987 . USNM 290413, 2 (x-ray), 58.1-65.0 mm SL, río Matura, 23 Jul 1987 .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FC9766FFF3D672FC19FD96FBC97DBB	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Bertaco, Vinicius A.;Malabarba, Luiz R.	Bertaco, Vinicius A., Malabarba, Luiz R. (2010): A review of the Cis-Andean species of Hemibrycon Günther (Teleostei: Characiformes: Characidae: Stevardiinae), with description of two new species. Neotropical Ichthyology 8 (4): 737-770, DOI: 10.1590/S1679-62252010000400005, URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1679-62252010000400005&lng=en&tlng=en
03FC9766FFF6D673FC12FE60FAB47A33.text	03FC9766FFF6D673FC12FE60FAB47A33.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Hemibrycon tridens Eigenmann 1922	<div><p>Hemibrycon tridens Eigenmann, 1922</p><p>Fig. 25</p><p>Hemibrycon tridens Eigenmann, 1922: 152 (species described in key, distribution: extralimital, río Apurimac at Uruhuasi [ Curuhuasi, upper río Ucayali drainage, Peru]). - Eigenmann, 1927: 402 (in key), 403-404 (pl. 96, fig. 3, original description, distribution: Uruhuasi, southeastern Peru; holotype 13723 IU).</p><p>Diagnosis. Hemibrycon tridens is readily distinguished from all congeners, except H. beni, by the number of branched anal-fin rays (17 vs. 18-34, Fig. 2). Hemibrycon tridens differs from H. beni by the number of lateral line scales (39 vs. 44- 53, Fig. 3), and by the number of scale rows above and below lateral line (6 and 5 vs. 7-8 and 6-8, respectively). Among remaining Cis-Andean species of Hemibrycon, only H. helleri and H. mikrostiktos have lower branched anal-fin rays (19-23 and 18-21). From these species, H. tridens differs additionally by the number of lateral line scales (39 vs. 40-42 and 42-45, respectively).</p><p>Description. Morphometric data for H. tridens summarized in Table 5. Largest male 51.5 mm SL. Body compressed and elongate; greatest body depth anterior to dorsal-fin origin. Dorsal profile of head convex. Dorsal body profile convex from occipital bone to base of last dorsal-fin ray; straight from this point to adipose-fin origin. Ventral profile of head slightly convex. Ventral body profile convex from pectoral-fin origin to pelvic-fin origin, and straight to slightly convex to anal-fin origin. Body profile along anal-fin base posterodorsally slanted. Caudal peduncle elongate, nearly straight to slightly concave along dorsal and ventral margins.</p><p>Snout rounded from margin of upper lip to vertical through anterior nostrils. Head relatively small. Mouth sub-terminal, mouth slit nearly at horizontal through inferior margin of eye. Maxillalongandslightlycurved, alignedatangleofapproximately 45º to longitudinal body axis, and its posterior tip extending below orbit, reaching nearly to vertical through center of eye.</p><p>Premaxilla with two tooth rows; outer row with 5 tricuspid teeth with central cusp slightly longer; inner row with 4 tri- to pentacuspids teeth, gradually decreasing in length from first to third teeth and last tooth smallest; central cusp twice or three times longer and broader than other cusps. Maxilla fully toothed with 12 tricuspid teeth, with central cusp longer. Three anteriormost dentary teeth larger, with 5 cusps, followed by medium sized tooth with 3 cusps, and 8 teeth with 1-3 cusps or conical; central cusp in all teeth two to three times longer and broader than other cusps. Cusp tips slightly curved posteriorly and lingually.</p><p>Dorsal-fin rays ii,8, first unbranched ray approximately onehalf length of second ray. Dorsal-fin origin located posterior to middle of SL and posterior to vertical through pelvic-fin origin. Profile of distal margin of dorsal fin slightly concave. Dorsal fin without bony hooks. Adipose-fin located at vertical through insertion posterior to last anal-fin ray.Anal-fin rays iii,17 (Fig. 2). Anal-fin profile slightly nearly straight. Anal-fin origin approximately at vertical through insertion in the last dorsal fin rays.Anal-fin rays of male bearing one pair of small bony hooks along posterolateral border of each segment of lepidotrichia, along last unbranched ray and sixteenth branched rays. Hooks located along anteriormost branch and proximal 1 / 2 to 2 / 3 of each ray. Pectoral-fin rays i,10. Pectoral-fin tip surpassing pelvicfin origin. Pectoral fin without bony hooks. Pelvic-fin rays i,6,i. Pelvic-fin tip nearly reaching anal-fin origin. Pelvic-fin origin located 4 predorsal scales anterior to vertical through dorsalfin origin. Pelvic fin of male bearing one small bony hook per segment of lepidotrichia along ventromedial border of second to seventh branched rays. Caudal fin forked with 19 principal rays without bony hooks; lobes similar in size. Caudal-fin base with a few scales. Dorsal procurrent rays 10 and ventral procurrent rays 10 (holotype x-ray).</p><p>Scales cycloid, moderately large. Lateral line complete with 39 (Fig. 3). Scale rows between dorsal-fin origin and lateral line 6; scale rows between lateral line and pelvic-fin origin 5. Predorsal scales 14, arranged in regular series. Scales rows around caudal peduncle 14.</p><p>Precaudal vertebrae 18; caudal vertebrae 22; total vertebrae 40. Supraneurals 5 (holotype x-ray). Gill rakers on upper limb of outer gill arch 5, on lower limb 10.</p><p>Color in alcohol. Holotype badly preserved. Humeral and caudal peduncle spot not evident. Base of caudal fin and middle rays black pigmented. Distal half of dorsal fin with dark pigmentation, and caudal and anal fin with dark brown pigmentation diffuse. Pectoral and pelvic fins hyaline. Body yellowish. Left side of holotype has three black marks due to preservation artifacts (Fig. 25). Eigenmann (1927: 404) described the color pattern “A dark lateral band, caudal spot, and middle caudal rays dusky; distal parts of dorsal and anal and outer part of caudal lobes dusky; margin of lower caudal lobe dusky”.</p><p>Sexual dimorphism. Male of Hemibrycon tridens is easily recognized by the presence of bony hooks on the anal- and pelvic-fin rays. No gill gland was observed on first gill arch.</p><p>Distribution. Hemibrycon tridens is known from río Apurimac, upper río Ucayali drainage, Curuhuasi, Peru (Fig. 4).</p><p>Remarks. Eigenmann (1922: 152) proposed Hemibrycon tridens based on one specimen, diagnosed in his key to Hemibrycon species. Only in 1927, Eigenmann presented a full description, and designated IUM 13723 (now CAS 44358) as the type specimen. The holotype is the only known specimen. The type locality provided by Eigenmann (1922) for H. tridens was “Rio Apurimac at Uruhuasi”. According to Hernán Ortega (pers. comm.), the correct type locality of H. tridens is the río Apurimac at Curuhuasi, upper río Ucayali drainage. He believed that Eigenmann erroneously wrote “Uruhuasi” instead of Curuhuasi.</p><p>Material examined. Holotype. CAS 44358, male (x-ray), 51.5 mm SL, Peru, 24 leagues from Cusco, Curuhuasi, province of Aymaraes, Department of Apurimac, F. Rosenberg.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FC9766FFF6D673FC12FE60FAB47A33	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Bertaco, Vinicius A.;Malabarba, Luiz R.	Bertaco, Vinicius A., Malabarba, Luiz R. (2010): A review of the Cis-Andean species of Hemibrycon Günther (Teleostei: Characiformes: Characidae: Stevardiinae), with description of two new species. Neotropical Ichthyology 8 (4): 737-770, DOI: 10.1590/S1679-62252010000400005, URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1679-62252010000400005&lng=en&tlng=en
03FC9766FFF7D670FC81F9F8FDB47DCD.text	03FC9766FFF7D670FC81F9F8FDB47DCD.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Hemibrycon divisorensis Bertaco, Malabarba, Hidalgo & Ortega 2007	<div><p>Hemibrycon divisorensis Bertaco, Malabarba, Hidalgo &amp; Ortega, 2007</p><p>Hemibrycon divisorensis was recently described by Bertaco et al. (2007), from the upper río Ucayali drainage, Peru, and only an updated diagnosis is presented here.</p><p>Diagnosis. Hemibrycon divisorensis is distinguished from its congeners by the presence of a wide black asymmetrical spot covering the base of caudal-fin rays and extending along entire length of caudal-fin rays 9 to 12-13 (except H. surinamensis), and by the presence of a black band in the lower half of the caudal peduncle from the region above the last anal-fin rays to the caudal-fin base. Furthermore, it is distinguished from its Cis-Andean congeners by the number of scale rows below lateral line (4-5 vs. 5-9), except H. mikrostiktos and H. surinamensis . It differs from H. mikrostiktos by the number of branched anal-fin rays (24-30 vs. 18-21), and from H. surinamensis by the number of scale sheath along anal-fin base (17-22 vs. 12-17), and by the number of cusps in the inner row of the premaxilla teeth (5-7 vs. 4-5).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FC9766FFF7D670FC81F9F8FDB47DCD	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Bertaco, Vinicius A.;Malabarba, Luiz R.	Bertaco, Vinicius A., Malabarba, Luiz R. (2010): A review of the Cis-Andean species of Hemibrycon Günther (Teleostei: Characiformes: Characidae: Stevardiinae), with description of two new species. Neotropical Ichthyology 8 (4): 737-770, DOI: 10.1590/S1679-62252010000400005, URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1679-62252010000400005&lng=en&tlng=en
03FC9766FFF4D670FF3AFDB5FCA17BEA.text	03FC9766FFF4D670FF3AFDB5FCA17BEA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Boehlkea orcesi (Bohlke 1958) Bertaco & Malabarba 2010	<div><p>Taxonomic status of Boehlkea orcesi (Böhlke, 1958), new combination</p><p>Hemibrycon orcesi was described by Böhlke (1958) based on the holotype and three paratypes from río Macuma, Província de Santiago-Zamora, Ecuador.According to Böhlke, the species was proposed provisionally in Hemibrycon because the lobes of the caudal-fin were scaled and disagree with Eigenmann’s definition for Hemibrycon . In 1962, Géry also suspected that H. orcesi could belong to a new genus related to Hemibrycon, but clearly different from it.</p><p>The type specimens of H. orcesi possess the caudal fin scaled or with scale marks to proximal half of lobes, a character not found in Hemibrycon species. In all type specimens some body scales are lacking and are not in good conditions of preservation, thus it is not possible to know if the lateral line is incomplete or complete. Böhlke (1958: 27) when describing a lateral line complete to H. orcesi commented that “though all lateral line counts were interrupted by areas where scales were missing”. Also, Böhlke commented “although the caudal scalation of all the present specimens is damaged to some extent, some specimens (most notably the holotype) still possess scales which extend more than half-way out on the caudal lobes”.</p><p>Differently of the genera belonging to the Stevardiinae sensu Mirande (2009, 2010), the species of Hemibrycon and Boehlkea share a large number of teeth in the maxilla, as observed in the types of H. orcesi (13-14 uni- to pentacuspid teeth) and in the only species of Boehlkea, B. fredcochui Géry (14-15 uni- to tricuspid teeth). Boehlkea differs from Hemibrycon by the presence of scales in the caudal fin lobes, lateral line interrupted, and smaller total number of vertebrae (36 vs. 38-43). Besides lobes of caudal fin scaled, H. orcesi possess other features uncommon for Hemibrycon species, as the short lateral line (34 to 35 vs. 39-58 scales); smaller number of vertebrae (36 to 37 total vertebrae); and color pattern of dorsal, anal and ventral fins, densely pigmented. Recently, this species was redescribed in Hemibrycon from ríos Macuma and Pastaza, in Ecuador by Román-Valencia et al. (2007), but according with characters commented here its is considered as belonging to Boehlkea .</p><p>We have analyzed the holotype and one paratype of Boehlkea fredcochui, and the caudal-fin presented small scales to half of upper and lower lobes, lateral line interrupted with 14 perforated scales plus 23 remaining scales (last scales perforated or unperforated), and 37 scales in the longitudinal series. Further, B. orcesi differs from B. fredcochui by number of the branched anal-fin rays (17-18 vs. 24-25), pelvic-fin rays (8 vs. 7), lateral line scales (34-35 vs. 37), and scale rows above of the lateral line (6-7 vs. 5), color pattern, and by some body measurements.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FC9766FFF4D670FF3AFDB5FCA17BEA	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Bertaco, Vinicius A.;Malabarba, Luiz R.	Bertaco, Vinicius A., Malabarba, Luiz R. (2010): A review of the Cis-Andean species of Hemibrycon Günther (Teleostei: Characiformes: Characidae: Stevardiinae), with description of two new species. Neotropical Ichthyology 8 (4): 737-770, DOI: 10.1590/S1679-62252010000400005, URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1679-62252010000400005&lng=en&tlng=en
03FC9766FFF5D64EFCDDFEB4FE587EAD.text	03FC9766FFF5D64EFCDDFEB4FE587EAD.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Hemibrycon	<div><p>Key to the Cis-Andean species of Hemibrycon</p><p>1. Humeral spot extending over 7 to 9 horizontal series of scales…………………..…………………..…..…..…..…2</p><p>1’. Humeral spot extending over 2 to 6 horizontal series of scales…………………………………………………………3</p><p>2. 19 to 23 branched anal-fin rays; 6 to 12 scales sheath along anal-fin base; 16 to 18 predorsal scales…………… H. helleri (upper río Ucayali drainage, Peru)</p><p>2’. 25 to 30 branched anal-fin rays; 13 to 28 scales sheath along anal-fin base; 12 to 16 predorsal scales…… H. jelskii (upper portions of ríos Marañon, Ucayali, Madeira-Mamoré drainages in Bolivia, Brazil and Peru)</p><p>3. Small humeral spot and extending over 2 to 3 horizontal series of scales; total number of pelvic fin rays 7; 3 to 4 scale rows below of the lateral line……… H. mikrostiktos (upper río Ucayali drainage, Peru)</p><p>3’. Humeral spot extending over 4 to 6 horizontal series of scales; total number of pelvic fin rays 8; 4 to 9 scale rows belowofthelateralline………………………………………4</p><p>4. Presence of a wide black asymmetrical spot covering base of caudal-fin rays and extending along entire length of caudal-finrays 9 to 12-13………………..…………….……5</p><p>4’. Absence of a wide black asymmetrical spot covering base ofcaudal-finrays……………………………………………6</p><p>5. Presence of a black band in the lower half of the caudal peduncle from the region above the last anal-fin rays to the caudal-fin base; scale sheath along anal-fin base 17 to 22; total number of gill rakers 20 to 22…………… H. divisorensis (upper río Ucayali drainage, Peru)</p><p>5’. Absence of a black band in the lower half of the caudal peduncle from the region above the last anal-fin rays to the caudal-fin base; scale sheath along anal-fin base 1 2 -17; total number of gill rakers 19 to 20……………………………………… H. surinamensis (coastal basins of French Guiana and Suriname, and lower rios Tocantins, Tapajós and Xingu basins, Brazil)</p><p>6. Branchedanal-finrays 15 to19………………………………7</p><p>6’. Branched anal-fin rays 22 to 31……………………………8</p><p>7. Lateral line scales 39; 6 scale rows above of the lateral line; 14 scales around caudal-peduncle……………… H. tridens (upper río Ucayali drainage, Peru)</p><p>7’. Lateral line scales 44 to 53; 7 to 8 scale rows above of the lateral line; 16 to 18 scales around caudal-peduncle………… H. beni (río Beni drainage, Bolivia)</p><p>8. Gill rakers 16-18; scales sheath along anal-fin base 6- 10………………………………………………… H.inambari (upper río Madre de Dios drainage, Peru)</p><p>8’. Gill rakers 19-21; scales sheath along anal-fin base 10- 24…………………..…………………..…..…..…..………9</p><p>9. Lateral line scales 40 to 42 (usually 41); 7 to 8 scale rows above of the lateral line; head and body slim …………………..…………………..…..…..…..…………10</p><p>9’. Lateral line scales 42 to 48 (usually 44-45); 8 to 10 scale rows above of the lateral line; head and body robust …………………..…………………..…..…..…..…………11</p><p>10. Second tooth of premaxillary inner row teeth heptacuspidate; humeral spot extending over 5 to 6 (usually 5) horizontal series of scales……………………… H. metae (río Orinoco drainage, Venezuela and Colombia)</p><p>10’. Second tooth of premaxillary inner row teeth pentacuspidate; humeral spot extending over 4 to 5 (usually 4) horizontal series of scales…………………… H. taeniurus (rivers of Island Trinidad, Trinidad and Tobago)</p><p>11. Caudal peduncle scales 18to 20; head length 22.0-26.0% of SL; upperjawlength 45.2-52.6% ofHL………… H. huambonicus (río Huallaga drainage, Peru)</p><p>11’. Caudal peduncle scales 16; head length 20.9-22.9% of SL; upper jaw length 43.7-45.6% of HL……… H. polyodon (río Pastaza drainage, Ecuador)</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FC9766FFF5D64EFCDDFEB4FE587EAD	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Bertaco, Vinicius A.;Malabarba, Luiz R.	Bertaco, Vinicius A., Malabarba, Luiz R. (2010): A review of the Cis-Andean species of Hemibrycon Günther (Teleostei: Characiformes: Characidae: Stevardiinae), with description of two new species. Neotropical Ichthyology 8 (4): 737-770, DOI: 10.1590/S1679-62252010000400005, URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1679-62252010000400005&lng=en&tlng=en
