identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
03FC963FBA1BFFBFFF49FF7E6E2CFC3D.text	03FC963FBA1BFFBFFF49FF7E6E2CFC3D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pipunculus Latreille 1802	<div><p>Pipunculus Latreille, 1802</p><p>Dorilas Meigen, 1800: 31 . Type species Pipunculus campestris Latreille, 1802 (subsequent designation of Coquillett 1910: 535); Sack, 1935: 15, 44, groups V and VI (partim); Aczél, 1939: 20 (partim); 1940: 151 (partim); 1948: 74 (partim); 1952: 240 (partim); Hardy, 1943: 54 (partim). Suppressed by ICZN, 1963: 339 (Opinion 678).</p><p>Pipunculus Latreille, 1802: 463 . Type species Pipunculus campestris Latreille, 1802, (monotype); Becker 1897: 36 group II (partim); 1900: 226 (partim); Verrall, 1901 groups II and III (partim); Cresson, 1911: 296 group II (partim); Rafael, 1991: 1; De Meyer, 1996: 21; Motamedinia et al. 2021: 14.</p><p>Microcera Meigen, 1803: 273 . Type species. Pipunculus campestris Latreille, 1802 (subs. des. of Coquillett, 1910: 569).</p><p>Dorilas (Dorilas) Hardy, 1950; 13 (partim).</p><p>Pipunculus (Pipunculus) Hardy, 1965b: 230 (partim); 1965c: 552 (partim); 1966: 6 (partim); 1972: 10; 1975: 297; 1980: 486.</p><p>Diagnosis [adapted from Skevington &amp; Marshall (1998)]. Small to medium-sized (3.2–6.0 mm). Eyes holoptic in males, dichoptic in females. Pospedicel obtuse, acute or acuminate. Ocellar setae absent. Wing with vein M 2 present or absent. Pterostigma present. Proepisternum with fan of setae. At least the anterior third of scutum and all abdominal segments covered with distinct setae.Abdominal tergites with at least some brownish or grayish pruinosity. Syntergosternite 8 with a membranous area. Surstyli symmetrical to subsymmetrical (rarely asymmetrical), covered with many conspicuous setae (rarely with inconspicuous setae). Apex of phallic guide with tip thin hook-shaped and lobes apically and ventrally (rarely absent). Ejaculatory apodeme fan-shaped, parasol-shaped wide or narrow (rarely bottle-shaped). Phallus trifid, simple or coiled.</p><p>Species of Pipunculus from Colombia</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FC963FBA1BFFBFFF49FF7E6E2CFC3D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Ramos-Pastrana, Yardany;Marques, Dayse Willkenia A.;Rafael, José Albertino	Ramos-Pastrana, Yardany, Marques, Dayse Willkenia A., Rafael, José Albertino (2023): Pipunculus Latreille, 1802 (Diptera: Pipunculidae) of Colombia, with description of three new species and an updated key to males of the Neotropical species. Zootaxa 5389 (4): 459-472, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5389.4.4, URL: https://www.mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5389.4.4/52530
03FC963FBA1BFFB9FF49FC4A6E65FAD5.text	03FC963FBA1BFFB9FF49FC4A6E65FAD5.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pipunculus caeruleus Ramos-Pastrana & Marques & Rafael 2023	<div><p>Pipunculus caeruleus sp. nov.</p><p>Figs 1–13, 40</p><p>Type material. (3 ♂). HOLOTYPE. Male: COLOMBIA, Antioquia, Belmira, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-75.64525&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=6.632639" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -75.64525/lat 6.632639)">Páramo de Sta.[Santa] Inés</a>, El Morro, 06º37’57.5’’N / 75º38’42.9’’W, 3100–3300 m [eters], 25.III–05.IV.2017, Proyecto moscas de las flores, A.L. Montoya, C. Rodríguez, JP. Carmona leg. , (1 ♂, CEUA-101617) (photographed specimen) . PARATYPES. idem Boyacá, Cab.[Cabaña] <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-73.45&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=5.4166665" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -73.45/lat 5.4166665)">Chaina</a>, 05º25’N / 73º27’W, 2550 m [eters], 01–14.feb.[II].2001, A. Roberto leg., M1271 (1 ♂, IAvH); idem 2600 m [eters], M2662 (1 ♂, LEUA) . Holotype with left wing mounted on a microslide with Canada balsam. Left antenna and terminalia placed in a microvial with glycerin, both pinned along the specimen.</p><p>Diagnosis. Male. Antenna brown; postpedicel with acuminate apex. Wing with anal lobe narrowed. Coxae opaque dark brown. All tibiae without distinct apical spines and outstanding setae anteromedially.Abdomen velvety dark blue, gray-brown pruinose. Syntergosternite 8 brown with a large membranous area. Surstyli subsymmetrical, with inner margins sinuous, apices slightly truncated and downwards directed, never directed outward. Apex of phallic guide stout and shorter without depression apically and without lobe ventrally. Ejaculatory apodeme narrowed, needle-shaped. Phallus with ejaculatory ducts coiled, completely separated.</p><p>Description. MALE (holotype). Body length 4 mm. Head (Figs 1–2). Eyes contiguous for 17 facets. F, EM, V (mm) = 0.3, 0.4, 0.2. Frontal triangle gray-brown pruinose, with conspicuous dark brown callus. Occiput brown, brown pruinose dorsally and upper half laterally, gray pruinose in lower half laterally and ventrally. Antenna (Fig. 3) brown; scape with one seta dorsally; pedicel with two setae dorsally and three ventrally; postpedicel with acuminate apex. LPP/WPP = 2.6. Thorax (Figs 1–2, 4). Postpronotal lobe brown, gray-brown pruinose. Scutum dark brown, gray-brown pruinose, with dorsocentral setae; long and brown setae covering basal third. Notopleuron brown, gray pruinose. Scutellum concolorous with scutum. Mesopleuron concolorous with notopleuron. Mediotergite concolorous with mesopleuron. Wing (Fig. 5). Length 6.1 mm. LW/MWW = 3.8; LTC/LFC = 1.3. Membrane brown infuscate; anal lobe narrowed. Halter dark brown. Legs (Fig. 1). Coxae opaque dark brown, with apices yellowish brown; fore and hind coxae gray pruinose; mid coxa gray-brown pruinose; trochanters opaque dark brown, gray-brown pruinose; femora opaque dark brown, gray-brown pruinose, with apices yellowish brown, ventral ctenidia and a row of long and fine yellow setae posterolaterally; tibiae opaque dark brown, with bases yellowish brown, without distinct apical spines and outstanding setae anteromedially; fore and hind tibiae with a patch of short and fine setae yellow, giving fluffy appearance in distal two thirds posteriorly; hind tibia without an acute process posteroapically; tarsomeres 1–5 dark brown; pulvilli brownish yellow. Abdomen (Figs 1–2, 6). Ground color velvety dark blue, gray-brown pruinose, with few inconspicuous setae scattered dorsally and laterally, equal in length; tergite 1 gray-brown pruinose dorsally and laterally; tergites 2–5 dark blue, brown pruinose in basal third; tergites and sternites 6 and 7 as in Fig. 7. Syntergosternite 8 brown, gray-brown pruinose, clearly longer than tergite 5, with large membranous area (Fig. 8). Terminalia (Figs 7–1). Epandrium and surstyli brown (Fig. 8). Surstyli (Figs 8–10) subsymmetrical, slightly shorter than epandrium, with short setae in outer margins. Both surstyli thickened basally, thin apically, with inner margins sinuous, apex slightly truncated and downwards directed (Fig. 8); left surstylus slightly thinner than right, left surstylus with outer margin slightly straight, right surstylus with outer margin slightly sinuous (Fig. 8); both surstyli with upper margin sinuous and acute apex; left surstylus with lower margin slightly straight; right surstylus with lower margin slightly sinuous when seen in lateral view (Figs 8–10). Gonopods asymmetrical; left gonopod thinner and shorter than right (Fig. 11). Apex of phallic guide stout and shorter, with tip thin slightly hook-shaped (Fig. 12). Ejaculatory apodeme narrowed, needle-shaped (Fig. 13). Phallus trifid, coiled, with ejaculatory ducts completely separated (Fig. 12).</p><p>FEMALE. Unknown.</p><p>Geographical distribution. Colombia (Antioquia, Boyacá) (Fig. 40).</p><p>Etymology. From the Latin ‘ caeruleum ’ (= blue) and refers to the predominant color in tergites of the males.</p><p>Habitat. The specimens were collected in the Páramo Santa Inés, with areas of very humid premontane forest of the Oriental and Central cordillera of the Northwest region of Colombia and Santuario de Fauna y Flora Iguaque reserve, where the vegetation is composed of Andean cloud forests of the cordillera of the Northeast region of Colombia.</p><p>Taxonomic notes. Pipunculus caeruleus sp. nov. runs to P. abnormis Skevington, 1998 in Skevington &amp; Marshall (1998) in couplet 10 of the key presented by Skevington &amp; Marshall (1998). It differs from P. abnormis by postpedicel with acuminate apex (Fig. 3) (versus postpedicel with obtuse apex [see figure 1, presented by Skevington &amp; Marshall (1998)]; trochanters opaque dark brown, gray-brown pruinose (Fig. 1) (versus trochanters entirely yellow); tibiae opaque dark brown, with bases yellowish brown (Fig. 1) (versus tibiae entirely yellow); abdomen with velvety dark blue reflections, gray-brown pruinose; tergite 1 gray-brown pruinose dorsally and laterally (Figs 1–2, 6) (versus tergite 1 entirely gray pruinose to bare anterodorsally; tergites 2–3 brown pruinose except anterolaterally; tergites 4–5 gray pruinose posterolaterally); both surstyli with apices slightly downwards directed (Fig. 8) (versus both surstyli with apices clearly outwards directed [see figure 18e, presented by Skevington &amp; Marshall (1998)]; apex of phallic guide without lobe apically (Fig. 12) (versus apex of phallic guide with lobe with tip hook-shaped apically [see figure 18f, presented by Skevington &amp; Marshall (1998)]; ejaculatory apodeme needle-shaped (Fig. 13) (versus ejaculatory apodeme fan-shaped [see figure 18d, presented by Skevington &amp; Marshall (1998)]; phallus with ejaculatory ducts coiled (Fig. 12) (versus phallus with ejaculatory ducts not coiled [see figure 18g, presented by Skevington &amp; Marshall (1998)].</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FC963FBA1BFFB9FF49FC4A6E65FAD5	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Ramos-Pastrana, Yardany;Marques, Dayse Willkenia A.;Rafael, José Albertino	Ramos-Pastrana, Yardany, Marques, Dayse Willkenia A., Rafael, José Albertino (2023): Pipunculus Latreille, 1802 (Diptera: Pipunculidae) of Colombia, with description of three new species and an updated key to males of the Neotropical species. Zootaxa 5389 (4): 459-472, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5389.4.4, URL: https://www.mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5389.4.4/52530
03FC963FBA1DFFBBFF49FA0768F4F9F5.text	03FC963FBA1DFFBBFF49FA0768F4F9F5.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pipunculus chiminiguagua Ramos-Pastrana & Marques & Rafael 2023	<div><p>Pipunculus chiminiguagua sp. nov.</p><p>Figs 14–26, 40</p><p>Type material. (4 ♂). HOLOTYPE. Male: COLOMBIA, Boyacá, SFF [Santuario de Fauna y Flora] Iguaque, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-73.45&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=5.4166665" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -73.45/lat 5.4166665)">Cab.</a> [Cabaña] <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-73.45&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=5.4166665" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -73.45/lat 5.4166665)">Chaina</a>, 05º25’N / 73º27’W, 2600 m [eters], 14.II–05.III.2001, P. Reina leg., Malaise, M 1359 (1 ♂, IAvH) (photographed specimen) . PARATYPES. idem (1 ♂, IAvH); idem 01–16.XII.2001, P. Roberto leg., M2682 (1 ♂, INPA); idem Qda. [Quebrada] <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-73.433334&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=5.7333336" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -73.433334/lat 5.7333336)">Los Mudos</a>, 05º44’N / 73º26’W, 2840 m [eters], 27.II–17.III.2003, P. Reina leg., Malaise, M 3563 (1 ♂, LEUA) . Holotype with left wing mounted on a microslide with Canada balsam. Left antenna and terminalia placed in a microvial with glycerin, both pinned along the specimen.</p><p>Diagnosis. Male. Antenna brown; postpedicel with acuminate apex. Wing with anal lobe narrowed basally. Coxae opaque dark brown. Fore and mid tibiae with distinct apical spines; hind tibia without an acute process posteroapically and outstanding setae anteromedially. Abdomen dark brown, gray-brown pruinose, with many conspicuous setae scattered dorsally and laterally equal in length. Syntergosternite 8 with membranous area apically. Surstyli subsymmetrical, with inner margins slightly straight, outer margin sinuous, and apices rounded downwards directed. Apex of phallic guide with rounded and translucent lobe ventrally. Ejaculatory apodeme fan-shaped. Phallus with ejaculatory ducts not coiled, completely separated.</p><p>Description. MALE (holotype). Body length 4.2. mm. Head (Figs 14–15). Eyes contiguous for 18 facets. F, EM, V (mm) = 0.3, 0.4, 0.1. Frontal triangle gray-brown pruinose, with conspicuous dark brown callus. Occiput brown, brown pruinose dorsally and upper half laterally, gray pruinose in lower half laterally and ventrally. Antenna (Fig. 16) brown; scape with one seta dorsally; pedicel with three setae dorsally and three ventrally; postpedicel with acuminate apex. LPP/WPP = 2.5. Thorax (Figs 14–15, 17). Postpronotal lobe brown, gray-brown pruinose. Scutum dark brown, gray-brown pruinose, with dorsocentral setae, long and brown setae covering basal third. Notopleuron brown, gray pruinose. Scutellum concolorous with scutum. Mesopleuron concolorous with notopleuron. Mediotergite concolorous with mesopleuron. Wing (Fig. 18). Length 6 mm. LW/MWW = 3.6; LTC/LFC = 0.3. Membrane brown infuscate; anal lobe narrowed basally. Halter dark brown. Legs (Figs 14–15). Coxae opaque dark brown, with apices yellowish brown; fore and hind coxae gray pruinose; mid coxa gray-brown pruinose; trochanters yellowish brown; femora shiny dark brown to black, with basal third and apices yellowish brown, ventral ctenidia and a row of long and fine yellow setae posterolaterally; tibiae yellowish brown; fore and mid tibiae with distinct apical spines; fore and hind tibiae with a patch of short and fine setae yellow, giving fluffy appearance in distal two thirds posteriorly; hind tibia without an acute process posteroapically and outstanding setae anteromedially; tarsomeres 1–3 yellowish brown; tarsomeres 4–5 dark brown; pulvilli yellowish brown. Abdomen (Figs 14–15, 19). Ground color dark brown, gray-brown pruinose, with many conspicuous setae scattered dorsally and laterally equal in length; tergite 1 completely covered by gray-brown pruinosity; tergites 2–4 shiny dark brown dorsally, with an I-shaped brown pruinose spot centrally; tergites and sternites 6 and 7 as in Fig. 20. Syntergosternite 8 brown, gray-brown pruinose, clearly shorter than tergite 5, with membranous area apically (Fig. 21). Terminalia (Figs 20–26). Epandrium and surstyli dark brown (Fig. 21). Surstyli (Figs 21–23) subsymmetrical, slightly equal to epandrium length, with short setae in inner and outer margins. Both surstyli thickened basally and medially, thin apically, with inner margins slightly straight and outer margin sinuous, apices rounded downwards directed (Fig. 21); both surstyli with upper and lower margin sinuous and apices rounded downwards directed when seen in lateral view (Figs 22–23). Gonopods subsymmetrical, left gonopod longer than right (Fig. 24). Apex of phallic guide stout, with tip hook-shaped and rounded and translucent lobe ventrally (Fig. 25). Ejaculatory apodeme fan-shaped (Fig. 26). Phallus trifid, not coiled, ejaculatory ducts completely separated (Fig. 25).</p><p>FEMALE. Unknown.</p><p>Geographical distribution. Colombia (Boyacá) (Fig. 40).</p><p>Etymology. The specific epithet ‘chiminiguagua’ is derived from the indigenous language “Chibcha”, of the indigenous people that inhabited the type locality, the meaning of ‘Chiminiguagua’ is: “supreme god, creator”, very significant for their culture. The name is to be treated as a noun apposition.</p><p>Habitat. The specimens were collected in the Santuario de Fauna y Flora Iguaque reserve, where the vegetation is composed of Andean cloud forests of the cordillera of the Northeast region of Colombia.</p><p>Taxonomic notes. Based on males, Pipunculus chiminiguagua sp. nov. runs to P. ferepauculus Hardy, 1965 in couplet 24 of the key presented by Skevington &amp; Marshall (1998). It differs from P. ferepauculus by having the postpedicel with acuminate apex (versus postpedicel with obtuse apex); frontal triangle gray-brown pruinose (versus frontal triangle black, not pruinose); occiput brown pruinose dorsally and upper half laterally, gray pruinose in lower half laterally and ventrally (versus occiput silver-grey pruinose ventrally and laterally, not pruinose dorsally); fore and mid tibiae with distinct apical spines (versus all tibiae without distinct apical spines); surstyli subsymmetrical (Fig. 21) (versus surstyli asymmetrical [see figure 4, presented by Rafael (1991)]; apex of phallic guide with rounded and translucent lobe ventrally and without lobe apically (Fig. 25) (versus apex of phallic guide with triangular lobe ventrally and long, stout and rounded lobe apically [see figure 5, presented by Rafael (1991)].</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FC963FBA1DFFBBFF49FA0768F4F9F5	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Ramos-Pastrana, Yardany;Marques, Dayse Willkenia A.;Rafael, José Albertino	Ramos-Pastrana, Yardany, Marques, Dayse Willkenia A., Rafael, José Albertino (2023): Pipunculus Latreille, 1802 (Diptera: Pipunculidae) of Colombia, with description of three new species and an updated key to males of the Neotropical species. Zootaxa 5389 (4): 459-472, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5389.4.4, URL: https://www.mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5389.4.4/52530
03FC963FBA1FFFBAFF49F9676FA3F8F1.text	03FC963FBA1FFFBAFF49F9676FA3F8F1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pipunculus planus Ramos-Pastrana & Marques & Rafael 2023	<div><p>Pipunculus planus sp. nov.</p><p>Figs 27–39, 40</p><p>Type material. (5 ♂). HOLOTYPE. Male: COLOMBIA, Boyacá, SFF [<a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-73.433334&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=5.7333336" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -73.433334/lat 5.7333336)">Santuario de Fauna y Flora] Iguaque, Qda.[Quebrada] Los Mudos, Malaise</a>, 05º44’N / 73º26’W, 2840 m [eters], 14.II–14.III.2003, P. Reina leg., M3637 (1 ♂, IAvH) (photographed specimen) . PARATYPES. idem Cab. [Cabaña] <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-73.45&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=5.4166665" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -73.45/lat 5.4166665)">Chaina</a>, 05º25’N / 73º27’W, 2550 m [eters], 01–14.feb. [II].2001, A. Roberto leg., M1271 (2 ♂, LEUA) ; idem (1 ♂, LEUA); idem (1 ♂, INPA) . Holotype with left wing mounted on a microslide with Canada balsam. Left antenna and terminalia placed in a microvial with glycerin, both pinned along the specimen.</p><p>Diagnosis. Male.Antenna dark brown; postpedicel with acute apex. Wing with anal lobe large. Coxae shiny dark brown. Mid tibia with distinct apical spines; hind tibia with an acute process posteroapically and outstanding setae anteromedially.Abdomen velvety dark brown, brown pruinose dorsally, giving the appearance of longitudinal bands dorsally. Syntergosternite 8 with membranous area large. Surstyli subsymmetrical, with inner and outer margins curved, apices rounded and slightly inward directed. Apex of phallic guide with translucent and distinct lobe and one row of inconspicuous setae laterally. Ejaculatory apodeme narrowed, bottle-shaped. Phallus with ejaculatory ducts coiled, distinctly separated in distal half.</p><p>Description. MALE (holotype). Body length 4.5 mm. Head (Figs 27–28). Eyes contiguous for 18 facets. F, EM, V (mm) = 0.4, 0.4, 0.1. Frontal triangle brown pruinose, with conspicuous dark brown callus. Occiput brown, brown pruinose dorsally and upper half laterally, gray pruinose in lower half laterally and ventrally. Antenna (Fig. 29) dark brown; scape with one seta dorsally; pedicel with three setae dorsally and two ventrally; postpedicel with acute apex. LPP/WPP = 2.2. Thorax (Figs 27–28, 30). Postpronotal lobe brown, brown pruinose. Scutum dark brown, brown pruinose, with dorsocentral setae; long and brown setae covering basal third. Notopleuron concolorous with scutum. Scutellum concolorous with scutum. Mesopleuron brown, gray-brown pruinose. Mediotergite brown, brown pruinose. Wing (Fig. 31). Length 5.8 mm. LW/MWW = 3.5; LTC/LFC = 1.3. Membrane brown infuscate; anal lobe large. Halter stem brown; knob yellowish brown. Legs (Fig. 27). Coxae shiny dark brown, gray-brown pruinose, with apices yellowish brown; trochanters shiny brown, brown pruinose; femora shiny dark brown, with apices yellowish brown, ventral ctenidia and a row of long and fine yellow setae posterolaterally; tibiae shiny dark brown, with bases yellowish brown; fore and hind tibiae with a patch of short and fine setae yellow, giving fluffy appearance in distal two thirds posteriorly; fore tibia without distinct apical spines; mid tibia with distinct apical spines; hind tibia with a process acute posteroapically and outstanding setae anteromedially; tarsomeres 1–4 brown, 5 dark brown; pulvilli yellowish brown. Abdomen (Figs 27–28, 32). Ground color velvety dark brown, brown pruinose dorsally, giving the appearance of longitudinal bands dorsally, shiny posterolaterally, with inconspicuous setae scattered dorsally and long and fine setae brownish yellow laterally, about 3 times longer than dorsal seta; tergites and sternites 6 and 7 as in Fig. 33. Syntergosternite 8 dark brown, brown pruinose, slightly shorter than tergite 5, with membranous area large (Fig. 34). Terminalia (Figs 33–39). Epandrium and surstyli dark brown (Fig. 34). Surstyli (Figs 34–36) subsymmetrical, shorter than length of epandrium, with long setae in outer margins. Both surstyli thickened basally and medially, thin apically, with inner and outer margins curved, apex rounded, and slightly inward directed (Fig. 34); left surstylus slightly thinner than right (Fig. 34); both surstyli with apices forward directed, left surstylus with apex rounded, right surstylus with an acute apex when seen in lateral view (Figs 35–36). Gonopods asymmetrical; left gonopod thicker than right (Fig. 37). Apex of phallic guide stout, with tip thin hook-shaped, translucent distinct lobe and one row of inconspicuous setae laterally (Fig. 38). Ejaculatory apodeme narrowed, bottle-shaped (Fig. 39). Phallus trifid, with ejaculatory ducts coiled, distinctly separated in distal half (Fig. 38).</p><p>FEMALE. Unknown.</p><p>Geographical distribution. Colombia (Boyacá) (Fig. 40).</p><p>Etymology. From the Latin ‘ planus ’ (= flat), referring to the dorsoventral flat areas of the ejaculatory ducts of the phallus in the male terminalia.</p><p>Habitat. The specimens were collected in the Santuario de Fauna y Flora Iguaque reserve, where the vegetation is composed of Andean cloud forests of the cordillera of the Northeast region of Colombia.</p><p>Taxonomic notes. Based on males, P. planus sp. nov. is similar in appearance to P. kotaneni Skevington, 1998 . It differs from P. kotaneni by having postpedicel with acute apex (versus postpedicel with obtuse apex); frontal triangle brown pruinose (versus frontal triangle silver grey pruinose); occiput brown pruinose dorsally and upper half laterally, gray pruinose in lower half laterally and ventrally (versus occiput silver-grey pruinose ventrally and laterally, not pruinose dorsally); tibiae shiny dark brown, with bases yellowish brown (Fig. 27) (versus tibiae brownish black); mid tibia with distinct apical spines (versus mid tibiae without distinct apical spines); hind tibia without distinct apical spines (versus hind tibia with distinct apical spines); abdomen dark brown, shiny posterolaterally (Figs 27–28, 32) (versus abdomen black, sparsely gray pruinose laterally); apex of phallic guide with lobe and one row of inconspicuous setae laterally (Fig. 38) (versus apex of phallic guide without lobe laterally and with tuft of setae apically [see figure 33f, presented by Skevington &amp; Marshall (1998)].</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FC963FBA1FFFBAFF49F9676FA3F8F1	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Ramos-Pastrana, Yardany;Marques, Dayse Willkenia A.;Rafael, José Albertino	Ramos-Pastrana, Yardany, Marques, Dayse Willkenia A., Rafael, José Albertino (2023): Pipunculus Latreille, 1802 (Diptera: Pipunculidae) of Colombia, with description of three new species and an updated key to males of the Neotropical species. Zootaxa 5389 (4): 459-472, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5389.4.4, URL: https://www.mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5389.4.4/52530
03FC963FBA10FFB7FF49FD8269DAFEA2.text	03FC963FBA10FFB7FF49FD8269DAFEA2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pipunculus Latreille 1802	<div><p>Key to males of the Neotropical species of Pipunculus</p><p>1 At least one pair of tibiae with distinct apical spines.......................................................... 2</p><p>- All tibiae without distinct apical spines.................................................................... 3</p><p>2 Mid tibiae with distinct apical spines; hind tibiae without distinct apical spines and with an acute process posteroapically; apex of phallic guide with lobe and one row of inconspicuous setae laterally (Fig. 38); Colombia ............ P. planus sp. nov.</p><p>- Mid tibiae without distinct apical spines; hind tibiae with distinct apical spines and without an acute process posteroapically; apex of phallic guide without lobe laterally and with tuff of conspicuous setae apically [see figure 33f in Skevington &amp; Marshall (1998)]; Mexico, USA .......................................................... P. kotaneni Skevington, 1998</p><p>3 Phallic guide with depression apically [see figures 27h, 45g in Skevington &amp; Marshall (1998)]........................ 4</p><p>- Phallic guide without depression apically [Figs 12, 25 and see figures 18f, 24f, 28f, 31f, 40g in Skevington &amp; Marshall (1998) and figure 5 in Rafael (1991)]........................................................................... 5</p><p>4 Both surstyli with inner margins straight and apices slightly inward directed [see figure 27d in Skevington &amp; Marshall (1998)]; ejaculatory apodeme narrow parasol-shaped [see figure 27f in Skevington &amp; Marshall (1998)]; ejaculatory ducts of phallus short, broad and blunt [see figure 27e in Skevington &amp; Marshall (1998)]; Canada, Costa Rica, Mexico, USA ......................................................................................... P. elegantulus Williston, 1892</p><p>- Both surstyli with inner margins curved and apices strongly inward directed [see figure 45e in Skevington &amp; Marshall (1998)]; ejaculatory apodeme strongly fan-shaped [see figure 45d in Skevington &amp; Marshall (1998)]; ejaculatory ducts of phallus long, thin and acute [see figure 45f in Skevington &amp; Marshall (1998)] USA, Mexico ............ P. xanthopodus Williston, 1892</p><p>5 Both surstyli with apices clearly directed outward [see figure 18e in Skevington &amp; Marshall (1998)]; apex of phallic guide with lobe with tip hook shape apically, very similar to the shape of the apex of phallic guide [see figure 18f in Skevington &amp; Marshall (1998)]; Costa Rica, Mexico, USA ................................................ P. abnormis Skevington, 1998</p><p>- Both surstyli with apices never directed outward [Figs 8, 21, and see figures 24e, 28e 31e, 40e in Skevington &amp; Marshall (1998) and figure 4 in Rafael (1991)]; apex of phallic guide with lobe with straight tip never hook shaped apically, never similar to the shape of the apex of phallic guide [see figures 28f, 31f, 40g in Skevington &amp; Marshall (1998) and figure 5 in Rafael (1991)] or without lobe ventrally [see figure 24f in Skevington &amp; Marshall (1998)].......................................... 6</p><p>6 Apex of phallic guide with lobe apically [see figures 28f, 31f, 40g in Skevington &amp; Marshall (1998) and figure 5 in Rafael (1991)]............................................................................................. 7</p><p>- Apex of phallic guide without lobe apically [Figs 12, 25, and see figure 24f in Skevington &amp; Marshall (1998)].......... 10</p><p>7 Ejaculatory ducts of phallus coiled [see figures 31g, 40f in Skevington &amp; Marshall (1998)]........................... 8</p><p>- Ejaculatory ducts of phallus not coiled [see figures 28g in Skevington &amp; Marshall (1998) and figure 5 Rafael (1991)]...... 9</p><p>8 Both surstyli with inner margins sinuous [see figure 40e in Skevington &amp; Marshall (1998)]; apex of phallic guide with acute lobe apically [see figure 40g in Skevington &amp; Marshall (1998)]; ejaculatory apodeme with side margins rounded [see figure 40d in Skevington &amp; Marshall (1998)]; Argentina, Brazil .................................... P. rafaeli Skevington, 1998</p><p>- Both surstyli with inner margins straight [see figure 31e in Skevington &amp; Marshall (1998)]; apex of phallic guide with rounded lobe apically [see figure 31f in Skevington &amp; Marshall (1998)]; ejaculatory apodeme with side margins acute [see figure 31b in Skevington &amp; Marshall (1998)]; Canada, Guatemala, Mexico, USA ......................... P. horvathi Kertész, 1907</p><p>9 Surstyli subsymmetric with long setae dorsally and apically [see figure 28d in Skevington &amp; Marshall (1998)]; apex of phallic guide with rounded lobe ventrally and short, thin, and acute lobe apically [see figure 28f in Skevington &amp; Marshall (1998)]; Canada, Mexico, USA ................................................................. P. fuscus Loew, 1866</p><p>- Surstyli asymmetrical with short and fine setae laterally and apically [see figure 4 in Rafael (1991)]; apex of phallic guide with triangular lobe ventrally and long, stout and rounded lobe apically [see figure 5 in Rafael (1991)]; Argentina, Brazil ..................................................................................... P. ferepauculus Hardy, 1965</p><p>10 Both surstyli with apices forward directed in lateral view (Fig. 8); apex of phallic guide without lobe ventrally (Fig. 12); ejaculatory ducts of phallus coiled (Fig. 12); Colombia ....................................... P. caeruleus sp. nov.</p><p>- Both surstyli with apices downward directed in lateral view [Fig. 21, and see figure 24a in Skevington &amp; Marshall (1998)]; apex of phallic guide with lobe ventrally [Fig. 25, and see figure 24f in Skevington &amp; Marshall (1998)]; ejaculatory ducts of phallus not coiled [Fig. 25, and see figure 24g in Skevington &amp; Marshall (1998)]........................................ 11</p><p>11 Membranous area large, extending over most of the length of syntergosternite 8 [see figure 24c in Skevington &amp; Marshall (1998)]; left surstylus with apex inward directed [see figure 24e in Skevington &amp; Marshall (1998)]; apex of phallic guide with short lobe ventrally [see figure 24f in Skevington &amp; Marshall (1998)]; ejaculatory apodeme narrowed, needle-shaped [see figure 24d in Skevington &amp; Marshall (1998)]; Canada, Mexico, USA ........................ P. cingulatus Loew, 1866</p><p>- Membranous area short, only in apical area of syntergosternite 8 (Fig. 21); left surstylus with apex downward directed (Fig. 22); apex of phallic guide with large lobe ventrally (Fig. 25); ejaculatory apodeme wide, fan-shaped (Fig. 26); Colombia ...................................................................................... P. chiminiguagua sp. nov.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FC963FBA10FFB7FF49FD8269DAFEA2	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Ramos-Pastrana, Yardany;Marques, Dayse Willkenia A.;Rafael, José Albertino	Ramos-Pastrana, Yardany, Marques, Dayse Willkenia A., Rafael, José Albertino (2023): Pipunculus Latreille, 1802 (Diptera: Pipunculidae) of Colombia, with description of three new species and an updated key to males of the Neotropical species. Zootaxa 5389 (4): 459-472, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5389.4.4, URL: https://www.mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5389.4.4/52530
