taxonID	type	description	language	source
03FCB14BFFB8FFFEE2D2FE23FE41FCD9.taxon	materials_examined	Type species: Spinibdella reducta Thor, 1930 (by original designation).	en	Theron, Elizabeth Omukunda Pieter D, Ueckermann, E A (2012): Spinibdella Thor (Acari: Bdellidae) from southern Africa: descriptions of five new species and the redescription of S. thori (Meyer & Ryke). Zootaxa 3304: 1-24, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.293434
03FCB14BFFB8FFFEE2D2FE23FE41FCD9.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Spinibdella is closely related to Biscirus but can be distinguished by: a short and truncate palp tibiotarsus; elongated chelicerae, each bearing two subequal setae inserted on distal half; distal cheliceral seta does not extend beyond the tips of the chelae; chelae small and needle-like; coxa I with at least one simple tactile seta; vertical external setae (ve) present; striation pattern on prodosoma as well as modified setae on amphioid sclerites of the males are species characters.	en	Theron, Elizabeth Omukunda Pieter D, Ueckermann, E A (2012): Spinibdella Thor (Acari: Bdellidae) from southern Africa: descriptions of five new species and the redescription of S. thori (Meyer & Ryke). Zootaxa 3304: 1-24, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.293434
03FCB14BFFB8FFF9E2D2FC42FAEDFD17.taxon	description	Description. Female (n = 1). Dimensions: Length of idiosoma (gnathosoma included) 915; width 405; length of gnathosoma 172; length of chelicerae 153; length of DHS 12; length of palp segments: I 10; II + III 109; IV 12; V 33; des 145; ves 101; length of legs: I 237; II 210; III 304; IV 345; length of setae: vi 70; ve 32; sce 34; sci broken off; c 1 31; c 2 40; d 31; e 31; f 1 33; f 2 broken off; h 1 37; h 2 38; distance: vi-vi, 34; first interspace (c 1 to d), 71. Gnathosoma (Figs 1 – 3). Chelicerae have fine continuous longitudinal striations and a pair of strong setae each inserted as shown in figure 1. Movable digit straight and slightly longer than fixed digit. Palps (Fig. 2) extend beyond hypostome. Palp tibiotarsus three times longer than genu. Palp chaetotaxy as follows: from trochanter to tibiotarsus: 0 - 8 - 1 - 4 - 3 sts; 1 ω, 1 des; 1 ves. Hypostome with continuous to sparsely broken longitudinal striations with fine continuous transverse striations at base. Two pairs of prominent setae inserted as shown in figure 3. DHS setae short (12), two pairs of adoral setae present. Dorsum (Figs 4 – 5). Reduced simple naso with a hemispherical median eye posterior to it. Setae vi thin, ve nude and thin in anterior half of podosoma, sce thick and pilose, sci broken off in this specimen. Centre of prodorsum transversely striated whereas lateral margins longitudinally striated. Anterolaterally a pair of detectable eyes, with striae in shape of a teardrop where posterior pair of eyes are supposed to be situated. (Fig. 4). Transverse striations separate anterior pair of eyes and posterior region. Except for vi, ve and sce, all other dorsal setae pilose. Setae c 1 about ½ first interspace. Dorsal striation pattern as shown in figure 5. Sejugal groove distinct. Venter (Figs 6 – 7). Ventral setae nude except ps 1 – 3 which are pilose. Venter bears 28 blunt aggenitals, two unpaired setae between coxae III. Genital plates have nine blunt genital setae each linearly arranged as shown in figure 6. Ovipositor (Fig. 7) has 12 subapical and six medial setae. Anal valves bordered by three pairs of pilose anal setae (ps 1 – 3), and parallel striations. Striation pattern of venter continuous as shown in figure 6. Legs (Figs 8 – 9). Legs shorter than idiosoma. All femora divided. Tactile setae on legs I and II nude while on III and IV both pilose and nude. Trichobothria on legs relatively short. Duplex setae on genua I – III have insertion contiguous and situated medially. Tibia I has in distal half two attenuate solenidia, one relatively short, solid attenuate peg and a trichobothrium (Fig. 8). Tibia II has a deeply recessed blunt solenidion distally as seen in figure 9 and tibia III an attenuate solenidion in same position. Tibia IV has a trichobothrium in median position. Tarsus I has a proximal attenuate solenidion; two blunt solenidia in distal half. Tarsus II has a solid simple peg in proximal half; two blunt solenidia in distal half. Tarsus III has a proximal trichobothrium. Tarsus IV has trichobothrium as in III. Claws rayed and shorter than pretarsi. Basifemur, telofemur and genu III and IV each have a branched macroseta. Some tactile setae branched. Leg chaetotaxy as follows: coxae I – IV 10 - 8 - 7 - 6 sts; trochanters I – IV 1 - 1 - 2 - 1 sts; basifemora I – IV 6 - 7 - 6 - 3 sts; telofemora I – IV 5 - 5 - 4 (6) - 5 sts; genua I – IV 5 sts, 1 duplex - 6 sts, 1 duplex - 6 sts, 1 duplex. - 7 sts; tibiae I-IV 11 sts, 2 φ, 1 ĸ, 1 tr - 11 sts, 1 recessed blunt ϕ - 11 sts, 1 φ - 11 sts, 1 tr; tarsi I-IV 24 sts, 3 ω - 24 sts, 2 ω, 1 ĸ - 21 sts, 1 tr - 23 (22) sts, 1 tr. Male. (Fig. 10) (n = 3). Dimensions: Length of body including gnathosoma, 777 – 867; width 353; length of gnathosoma 168 – 179; DHS, 8 – 12; length of palp segments: I 10; II + III 97 – 162; IV 13 – 15; V 33 – 36; des 145 – 166; ves 97 – 113; length of chelicerae 143 – 152; length of leg: I 210 – 245; II 220 – 250; III 288 – 315; IV 332; length of setae: vi broken off; ve, 33 – 42; sci, broken off; sce 36 – 38; c 1 34 – 38; c 2 42 – 48; d 34 – 36; e 34 – 35; f 1 29 – 34; f 2 38; h 1 39; h 2 43 – 45; distance: vi – vi 28 – 38; first interspace (c 1 to d) 57 – 65. Male differs from female in following aspects: 12 pairs of genital setae instead of nine pairs and presence of amphioid sclerites (Fig. 10) characteristic of this species. Leg chaetotaxy as follows: coxae I – IV 10 - 8 - 7 - 6 sts; trochanters I – IV 1 - 1 - 2 - 1 sts; basifemora I – IV 7 - 8 - 7 - 3 sts; telofemora I – IV 5 - 5 - 4 - 5 sts; genua I – IV 5 sts, 1 duplex. - 6 sts, 1 duplex - 6 sts, 1 duplex. - 7 sts; tibiae I-IV 12 sts, 2 φ, 1 ĸ, 1 tr - 13 sts, 1 recessed blunt ϕ - 12 sts, 1 φ - 12 sts, 1 tr; tarsi I – IV 25 sts, 3 ω - 23 sts, 2 ω, 1 ĸ - 25 sts, 1 tr - 21 sts, 1 tr. Tritonymph (n = 1). Dimensions: length including gnathosoma 659; width 294; length of gnathosoma 143; length of chelicerae 132; length of DHS 10; length of palp segments: I 10; II + III 88; IV 13; V 29; des 122; ves 80; length of legs: I 163; II 159; III 223; IV 259; length of setae: vi 65; ve 27; sci broken off; sce 31; c 1 29; c 2 39; d 29; e 29; f 1 27; f 2 30; h 1 34; h 2 35; distance vi – vi 34; interspace (c 1 to d) 61. This developmental stage has three pairs of genital discs with anterior pair larger than posterior two. Five pairs of genital setae and seven pairs of aggenital setae. Both genital and aggenital setae blunt. Anterior unpaired aggenital seta occurs between coxae III while next one lies between coxae IV. Ecdysial line present. Palp basifemur has six setae. Other segments similar to that of female. Legs I and II have nude setae while III and IV have both nude and pilose setae. Leg chaetotaxy differs from that of female as follows: coxae I – IV 8 - 6 - 6 - 4 sts; trochanters I – IV 1 - 1 - 2 - 1 sts; basifemora I – IV 6 - 7 (6) - 5 - 4 sts; telofemora I – IV 4 - 3 - 4 - 4 sts; genua I – IV 3 sts, 1 duplex - 4 sts, 1 duplex - 4 sts, 1 duplex - 5 sts; tibiae I-IV 8 sts, 2 φ, 1 ĸ, 1 tr - 9 sts, 1 recessed blunt ϕ - 8 sts, 1 φ - 8 sts, 1 tr; tarsi I – IV 20 sts, 3 ω – 20 sts, 2 ω, 1 ĸ – 19 sts, 1 tr – 18 (20) sts, 1 tr.	en	Theron, Elizabeth Omukunda Pieter D, Ueckermann, E A (2012): Spinibdella Thor (Acari: Bdellidae) from southern Africa: descriptions of five new species and the redescription of S. thori (Meyer & Ryke). Zootaxa 3304: 1-24, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.293434
03FCB14BFFB8FFF9E2D2FC42FAEDFD17.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. SOUTH AFRICA, KwaZulu / Natal Province: Holotype female, from Spirostachys africana, Sond. (Euphorbiaceae) 16 km north of Hluhluwe, 21 August 1980, Coll. M. K. P. Smith Meyer; three male paratypes from soil under Acacia karroo Hayne (Fabaceae). North – West Province: North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 6 July 1971 and 3 August 1998, J. van Huyssteen and E. Omukunda; one tritonymph paratype, from Rubia horrida (Thunb.) Puff (Plantaginaceae), Roodeplaat near Pretoria, Gauteng, 15 January 1980, Coll. M. K. P. Meyer.	en	Theron, Elizabeth Omukunda Pieter D, Ueckermann, E A (2012): Spinibdella Thor (Acari: Bdellidae) from southern Africa: descriptions of five new species and the redescription of S. thori (Meyer & Ryke). Zootaxa 3304: 1-24, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.293434
03FCB14BFFB8FFF9E2D2FC42FAEDFD17.taxon	etymology	Etymology. Trinus, Latin for three and omma, Greek for eyes. Name signifies three eyes in this species. Differential diagnosis. This species resembles S. depressa (Ewing) in most respects: the striae forming a teardrop where the posterior eyes are supposed to be, setae ve approximate to vi, blunt solenidion on tibia II deeply recessed and the palp and leg chaetotaxy. S. trinomma only differs in the presence of an anterior median eye and the shape and number of eugenital setae of the male; the first group of eugenital setae (4 instead of five pairs) of the male is branched, the second group has three branched setae instead of two. According to Atyeo (1960) only the males of Spinibdella and Cyta display striking enough differences to warrant their use as taxonomic characters.	en	Theron, Elizabeth Omukunda Pieter D, Ueckermann, E A (2012): Spinibdella Thor (Acari: Bdellidae) from southern Africa: descriptions of five new species and the redescription of S. thori (Meyer & Ryke). Zootaxa 3304: 1-24, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.293434
03FCB14BFFBFFFFBE2D2FD03FB1DF841.taxon	description	Description. Female (n = 3). Dimensions: length including gnathosoma 761 – 893 (827); width 353 – 415 (384); length of gnathosoma 191 – 220 (205); length of chelicerae 172 – 191 (182); DHS 15 – 19 (17); length of palp segments: I 10 – 13 (12); II + III 105 – 113 (109); IV 19; V 36 – 42 (39); des 138 – 145 (142); ves 99; length of legs: I 406 – 422 (414); II 359 – 376 (368); III 403 – 430 (417); IV 443 – 514 (479); length of setae: vi 114 – 109 (112); ve 23 – 25 (24); sci 119 – 129 (124); sce 56 – 60 (58); c 1 37 – 40 (39); c 2 39 – 42 (42); d 38 – 44 (38); e 39 – 44 (42); f 1 47 – 48 (48); f 2 44 – 46 (44); h 1 42 – 56 (49); h 2 40 – 60 (51 )); distance: vi – vi 59 – 63 (58); first interspace (c 1 to d) 86 – 92 (90). Gnathosoma (Figs 11 – 13). Chelicerae with fine continuous longitudinal striations, each with a pair of strong dorsal setae inserted as shown on figure 11. Chelae are short and thick, movable digit slightly curved. Fixed digit straight and slightly shorter than movable digit. Palp (Fig. 12) almost as long as hypostome. Length of tibiotarsus about twice that of genu. Palp chaetotaxy: from trochanter to tibiotarsus; 0 - 8 - 1 - 4 - 4 sts, 1 ω, 1 des, 1 ves. Hypostome has two pairs of strong ventral setae inserted as shown in figure 13 and one pair of dorsal setae (DHS). Anterior region has fine continuous longitudinal striations, but transversely striated basally. Two pairs of adoral setae are present. Dorsum (Figs 14 – 15). Next to naso are two conspicuous tracheal openings, external verticals nude, relatively thin and short, situated in the posterior half of prodorsum; internal scapulars modified to trichobothria and external scapulars thick, long and finely pilose. Centre of prodorsum with fine broken transverse striations. One pair of detectable eyes and posterior region marked with characteristic striation pattern (Fig. 14). Beneath cuticle in same position is a raised region resembling the eye, but not differentiated. Median eye not detectable in this species. Except vi, ve and sci, the remaining dorsal setae are pilose. Setae c 1 less than ½ first interspace. Striation pattern finely broken as shown on figure 15. Sejugal groove conspicuous Venter (Fig. 16). Thirty – four aggenital setae finely pilose, anterior pair between coxae IV, two unpaired setae posterior to second pair. Nine or 10 pairs of thick, short attenuate genital setae linearly arranged on genital plates. Two pairs of small genital discs occur in posterior half and third in anterior half. Genital tracheae conspicuous. Ovipositor has 12 subapical and six medial setae. Anal valves terminal and bordered by one pair of ad 1, ad 2, ad 3, an 1, an 2, ps 2, and ps 3 setae. Setae ad 3 very small. Striae bordering valves parallel as shown in figure 16. Legs (Figs 17 – 18). Legs shorter than idiosoma. All femora divided; tactile setae on coxae are finely pilose; setae on trochanters may be nude or pilose; other segments may have both pilose and nude or either setae. All genua have duplex setae in proximal half, genua I has 13 attenuate solenidia while rest have three. This species is unique in that genu IV also has duplex setae. Tibiae I have a very long attenuate blunt solenidion (Fig. 17), a trichobothrium and many attenuate solenidia (13); tibiae II have a reduced blunt and one attenuate solenidia; tibiae III have 1 attenuate solenidion and tibiae IV with a trichobothrium. Tarsi I – IV apparently with about three pairs of serrated setae distally. Tarsi I have two long attenuate blunt solenidia, three attenuate solenidia and a peg. Tarsi II have two long blunt solenidia (Fig. 18) and a simple peg. Tarsus III with a proximal trichobothrium. Tarsus IV with a proximal attenuate solenidion, a trichobothrium. Claws longer than pretarsus and have two rows of rays, outer row with four strong rays, inner with numerous weaker rays. All coxal setae are pilose; other segments may have both simple and pilose setae. Leg chaetotaxy as follows: coxae I – IV 6 - 7 - 7 - 5 sts (pilose); trochanters I – IV 1 - 1 - 2 - 1 sts; basifemora I – IV 9 - 9 - 6 - 3 sts; telofemora I – IV 8 - 8 (7) - 9 - 6 sts; genua I – IV 7 sts 1 duplex, 12 σ – 7 sts; 1 duplex, 2 σ – 8 sts; 1 duplex, 2 σ – 7 sts; 1 duplex, 2 σ; tibiae I – IV 14 sts, 13 φ, 1 tr, 1 ĸ – 15 (14) sts, 1 φ, 1 recessed blunt ϕ – 14 sts, 1 φ – 14 sts, 1 tr, tarsi I – IV 26 sts, 5 ω, 1 ĸ – 26 sts, 2 ω, 1 ĸ – 23 (24) sts, 1 tr – 23 sts, 1 ω, 1 tr. Male (Fig. 19). Dimensions: Length including gnathosoma 848; width 363; length of gnathosoma 197; length of chelicerae 178; length of palp segments: I 10; II + III 101; IV 19; V 38; des 133; ves 96; length of legs: I 405; II 346; III 405; IV 483; length of setae: DHS 19; vi 111; ve 18; sci 117; sce 54; c 1 44; c 2 46; d 39; e 43; f 1 50; f 2 46; h 1 35; h 2 29; distance: vi – vi 55; first interspace (c 1 to d) 84. Male small in size and genital region (Fig. 19) and leg chaetotaxy differs from that of female. There are 42 fine pilose aggenital setae, anterior one unpaired seta between coxae IV, 14 pairs of attenuate genital setae present, arranged linearly in posterior half in one row with two rows in anterior half. Leg chaetotaxy as follows: coxae I – IV 6 - 5 - 6 - 5 (pilose) sts; trochanters I – IV 1 - 1 - 2 - 1 sts; basifemora I – IV 10 - 10 - 7 - 3 sts; telofemora I – IV 9 - 9 - 8 - 6 sts; genua I – IV same as female; tibiae I – IV 13 sts, 12 φ, 1 tr, 1 ĸ- 16 sts, 1 recessed blunt ϕ – 14 (15) sts, 1 φ - 13 sts, 1 tr; tarsi I – IV as female.	en	Theron, Elizabeth Omukunda Pieter D, Ueckermann, E A (2012): Spinibdella Thor (Acari: Bdellidae) from southern Africa: descriptions of five new species and the redescription of S. thori (Meyer & Ryke). Zootaxa 3304: 1-24, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.293434
03FCB14BFFBFFFFBE2D2FD03FB1DF841.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. SOUTH AFRICA, Eastern Cape Province: Holotype female, 2 females and 2 males paratype, from rocks in between supralittoral and littoral zone, Schoenmakerskop, 3 July 1994, Coll. M. Marshall.	en	Theron, Elizabeth Omukunda Pieter D, Ueckermann, E A (2012): Spinibdella Thor (Acari: Bdellidae) from southern Africa: descriptions of five new species and the redescription of S. thori (Meyer & Ryke). Zootaxa 3304: 1-24, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.293434
03FCB14BFFBFFFFBE2D2FD03FB1DF841.taxon	etymology	Etymology. Poly is the Greek word for many and attenuatus Latin word for thin and tapered, thus referring to many attenuate solenidia on tibiae and genua I in this species. Differential diagnosis. This species closely resembles S. trinomma by the presence of one pair of eyes, but can easily be differentiated by: absence of anterior median eye; two clear tracheal openings on naso; 13 attenuate solenidia on genu I; three attenuate solenidia on genua II – IV; duplex setae on genua IV; 13 attenuate solenidia on tibia I and a very long attenuate blunt solenidion on same segment. It is a remarkable species with a striation pattern different from other Spinibdella species (dorsum and venter finely broken). The chelae are strong, relatively short and curved. This species has the highest number of attenuate solenidia in this genus.	en	Theron, Elizabeth Omukunda Pieter D, Ueckermann, E A (2012): Spinibdella Thor (Acari: Bdellidae) from southern Africa: descriptions of five new species and the redescription of S. thori (Meyer & Ryke). Zootaxa 3304: 1-24, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.293434
03FCB14BFFB2FFF7E2D2FF68FC93FDA8.taxon	description	Description. Female (n = 5). Dimensions: Length including gnathosoma 938 – 1012 (980); width 403 – 420 (405); length of gnathosoma 258 – 292 (258); length of chelicerae 229 – 269 (240); length of palp segments: I 10 – 13 (12); II + III 115 – 132 (118); IV 38 – 46 (46); des 168 – 197 (183) ves 158 – 187 (161); length of legs: I 340 – 390 (345); II 300 – 390 (372); II 300 – 363 (321); III 363 – 426 (395); IV 432 – 539 (453); length of setae: vi – 156 – 164 (160); ve 37 – 44 (42); sci 174; sce 53 – 60 (56); c 1 60 – 70 (64); c 2 65 – 78 (72); d 60 – 70 (68); e 68 – 69 (68); f 1 69 – 74 (74); f 2 60 – 62 (61); h 1 81 – 86 (84); h 2 62 – 68 (62); distance: vi – vi 73; first interspace (c 1 to d) 94. Gnathosoma (Figs 21 – 22). Chelicerae slender, with prominent longitudinal lines and small setae inserted as shown in Figure 20. Movable digit relatively longer than fixed digit and bears a tooth-like structure. Palps (Fig. 21) slightly shorter than hypostome; tibiotarsus with two long terminal sensory setae (des, ves), a long pointed solenidion (ω), on ventral side and a characteristic long curved seta in addition to three normal simple tactile setae. Length of palp genu twice width of tibiotarsus. Palp chaetotaxy from trochanter to tibiotarsus as follows: 0 - (6) 7 - 1 - 3 - 4 sts, 1 ω, 1 des, 1 ves. Gnathosomal base with fine, transverse striations, hypostome dorsally with same prominent roughly broken longitudinal striations as chelicerae, up to proximal hypostomal setae, venter irregularly striated. Two pairs of hypostomal setae present, inserted as shown in figure 22 but DHS setae apparently absent. Two pairs of adoral setae present. Dorsum (Figs 23 – 24). Naso lacking. Prodorsum anteriorly with roughly broken striations, posteriorly with striations sparsely broken to continuous transverse. Setae vi long (160), ve nude, straight and slender. Setae sci long (174), sce similar to ve but much thicker and longer. Setae ve occur in proximal half of prodorsum between vi and sci as shown in figure 23. Two pairs of well-defined unequal eyes, separated by diagonal striations. Distance between eyes about 1.4 times diameter of smaller posterior pair. Idiosomal setae nude; internal humeral (c 1) three quarters of first interspace. Proximal idiosomal striation pattern roughly broken transversely while rest is fine, continuous and transverse dorsocentrally and fine longitudinal dorsolaterally (Fig. 24). Following setae present: h 1; h 2; ps 1; ps 2; ps 3. Venter (Fig. 25). All tactile setae simple. Eighteen to twenty aggenitals present, first pair posterior to level of coxae IV. Genital plates each with nine simple linearly arranged genital setae, which become progressively longer towards posterior as shown in figure 25. Three pairs of unequal genital discs, anterior pair largest and situated in proximal half with two small ones situated in distal half. Genital tracheae well defined. Eighteen setae present on ovipositor. Anal valves bordered by a pair each of an, ad 1, ad 2 and ps 3. Legs (Figs 26 – 27). Legs shorter than idiosoma. Leg II shorter than leg I, rest increase in length progressively. Claws approximately equal to pretarsus with five strong lateral rays. Tarsi I with four dorsal setae simple and strongly curved, six or more pairs of setae plumose, rest smooth and a hollow peg, besides solenidia (Fig. 26). Tarsi II with three setae strongly curved (Fig. 27), seven or more pairs of plumose setae and a solid peg besides solenidia. Tarsi III and IV each have a proximal trichobothrium, latter with an attenuate solenidion lateral to trichobothrium. Tibiae I have attenuate solenidia spread over entire dorsal surface, long attenuate blunt solenidion, solid seta (modified famulus) and a trichobothrium in distal half. Tibiae II have an attenuate and reduced blunt solenidia each in distal half. Tibia III with a distal attenuate solenidion. Trichobothrium on tibia IV in proximal half. Genua I with four attenuate solenidia located in proximal and distal halves. A modified peg also present. Genua II, III and IV have a proximal attenuate solenidion each. Telofemora and basifemora each have a dorsal macro seta. Leg chaetotaxy as follows: coxae I – IV 5 (6) - 3 (4) - 5 (4) - 3 sts; trochanters I – IV 1 - 1 - 2 - 1 sts; basifemora I – IV 10 (9) - 8 - 9 - 4 sts; telofemora I – IV 11 (10) - 10 (9) - 8 - 7 (6) sts; genua I – IV 7 (6) sts, 5 (4) σ, 1 ĸ - 7 sts, 1 σ – 7 sts, 1 σ; tibiae I – IV 14 (12) sts, 5 φ, 1 ĸ, 1 tr - 13 (12) sts, 2 φ – 12 (13) sts, 1 φ – 12 sts, 1 tr; tarsi I – IV 29 sts, 5 ω, 1 ĸ – 28 sts, 2 ω, 1 ĸ - 27 (26) sts, 1 tr - 24 sts, 1 ω, 1 tr. Male – unknown. Tritonymph (n = 1). Dimensions: length of body including gnathosoma, 777; length of gnathosoma 204; width 287; length of chelicerae 191; length of palp segments: I 10; II + III 84; IV 10; V 34; des 138; ves 124; length of legs: I 271; II 260; III 313; IV 348; length of setae: vi 127; ve 34; sci,?; sce 46; c 1 43; c 2 50; d 49; e 48; f 1 56; f 2 48; h 1 65; h 2 51; distance: vi – vi 54; c 1 about ½ first interspace (c 1 to d). Eleven aggenital setae surround genital plates, first pair between coxae IV. Genital plates with four to five pairs of genital setae. Three pairs of genital discs increase progressively in size to rear as in female. On either side of anal cleft are five setae, ad 1, ad 2, an 1, ps 2, ps 3. Dorsally it differs from female by having one pair of anal setae and posterior anal setae are on a horizontal line with end of anal cleft. Striation pattern in center of prodorsum only transverse, whereas in female it is both transverse and longitudinal. Palp basifemur has five setae. Tarsi I with same number of ventral setae as in female, but with fewer branched ones. Leg chaetotaxy differs from that of female as follows: coxae I – IV 5 (4) – 3 (2) – 4 – 3 sts; trochanters I – IV 1 - 1 - 2 - 1 sts; basifemora I-I 8 (7) - 7 - 7 - 3 sts; telofemora I – IV 8 - 6 - 5 - 4 sts; genua I – IV 5 sts, 4 σ, 1 ε (only present on right leg) – 5 sts, 1 σ – 5 sts, 1 σ- 5 sts, 1 σ; tibiae I – IV 10 sts, 4 φ, 1 ĸ, 1 tr- 9 sts, 2 φ – 9 sts, 1 φ - 8 sts, 1 tr; tarsi I – IV 26 sts, 5 ω, 1 ε- 23 sts, 2 ω, 1 ĸ - 23 sts, 1 tr- 19 sts, 1 ω, 1 tr. Deutonymph (n = 1). Dimensions: length of body including gnathosoma 611; length of gnathosoma 170; width 229; length of chelicerae 160; length of palp segments: I 10; II + III 67; IV 10; V 28; des 113; ves, 105; length of legs: I 216; II 191; III 252; IV 271; length of setae: vi, missing; ve 29; sci missing; sce 36; c 1 34; c 2 38; d 35; e 38; f 1 49; f 2 40; h 1 54; h 2 39; distance: vi – vi 46; c 1 about 2 / 3 first interspace (c 1 to d). Eight aggenitals present, first pair posterior to level of coxae IV. Genital plates each with two genital setae and two pairs of genital discs. Ventral anal region has same number of setae as tritonymph while dorsal anal region has only posterior annals. Striation pattern differs slightly from female because anterior and posterior regions of prodorsum are not striated, medially it is faintly striated and anteriorly hysterosoma is non-striated. Rest of hysterosoma either faintly striated or non-striated. Palp basifemur has four setae. Leg chaetotaxy differs from that of female as follows: coxae I – IV 4 - 2 (1) - 4 - 2 sts; trochanters I – IV 1 - 1 - 2 - 1 sts; basifemora I – IV 5 - 4 - 2 - 1 sts; telofemora I – IV 6 - 4 - 4 - 4 sts; genua I – IV 4 sts, 4 σ - 4 sts, 1 σ - 4 sts, 1 σ - 4 sts, 1 σ; tibiae I – IV 6 sts, 3 φ, lĸ, 1 tr - 5 sts, 2 φ - 5 sts, 1 φ - 4 sts, 1 tr; tarsi I – IV 22 sts, 4 ω, 1 ĸ - 20 sts, 2 ω, 1 ĸ - 19 sts, 1 tr - 18 sts, 1 ω, 1 tr. Protonymph (n = 1). Damaged.	en	Theron, Elizabeth Omukunda Pieter D, Ueckermann, E A (2012): Spinibdella Thor (Acari: Bdellidae) from southern Africa: descriptions of five new species and the redescription of S. thori (Meyer & Ryke). Zootaxa 3304: 1-24, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.293434
03FCB14BFFB2FFF7E2D2FF68FC93FDA8.taxon	materials_examined	Type material: SOUTH AFRICA, Limpopo Province: Holotype female, 4 female paratypes, 1 tritonymph paratype, 1 deutonymph, paratype and 1 protonymph paratype, Polokwane, from debris mixed with soil under Acacia rhemanniana Schinz (Fabaceae), 6 December 1973, Coll. J. den Heyer.	en	Theron, Elizabeth Omukunda Pieter D, Ueckermann, E A (2012): Spinibdella Thor (Acari: Bdellidae) from southern Africa: descriptions of five new species and the redescription of S. thori (Meyer & Ryke). Zootaxa 3304: 1-24, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.293434
03FCB14BFFB2FFF7E2D2FF68FC93FDA8.taxon	etymology	Etymology. Ankylos is Greek = bend (curved), trichos = hair, the name refers to the curved setae on the dorsal palp tibiotarsus and dorsal terminal and dorsal setae on legs. Differential diagnosis. This species resembles Spinibdella tenuirostris (Ewing, 1917) by having the gnathosoma longer than the palp and minute cheliceral setae. However, it can be distinguished by the number of attenuate and blunt solenidia on tibia I. Spinibdella ankylotricha has four attenuate and one long attenuate blunt solenidion on tibia I, as opposed to eight attenuate and no blunt solenidia on tibia I of S. tenuirostris. It lacks an attenuate solenidion on tarsi II, which is present in S. tenuirostris.	en	Theron, Elizabeth Omukunda Pieter D, Ueckermann, E A (2012): Spinibdella Thor (Acari: Bdellidae) from southern Africa: descriptions of five new species and the redescription of S. thori (Meyer & Ryke). Zootaxa 3304: 1-24, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.293434
03FCB14BFFB1FFF2E2D2FD93FA0DFBAB.taxon	description	Description. Female (n = 2). Dimensions: Dimensions: length including gnathosoma 800 – 944 (800); width 290 – 382 (290); length of gnathosoma 220 – 244 (224); length of chelicerae 210 – 216 (210); DHS 21; length of palp segments: I 10 – 13 (13); II + III 191 – 210 (191); IV 23 – 25 (23); V 34 – 38 (34); des 258 – 267 (258); ves 176 – 191 (191); length of legs: I 226 – 362 (226); II 281 – 342 (281); III 394 – 416 (394); IV 426 – 483 (426); length of setae: vi 55; ve 95 – 108 (108); sci 48; sce 77 – 93 (93); c 1 75 – 79 (75); c 2 137 – 147 (137); d 68 – 73 (73); e 63 – 66 (66); f 1 114 – 121 (114); f 2 85 – 108 (85); h 1 146 – 158 (185); h 2 125 – 139 (139); distance vi – vi 46 – 48 (46); first interspace (c 1 to d) 69 – 75 (75). Gnathosoma (Figs 28 – 30). Chelicerae have weak continuous to sparsely broken longitudinal striations, a pair of strong setae inserted on each as shown in figure 28. Fixed digit rather short and straight, movable digit slightly longer. Palp extends beyond hypostome. Palp tibiotarsi have one long blunt solenidion on ventral side as shown in figure 29. Palp chaetotaxy from trochanter to tibiotarsus as follows: 0 - 9 - 1 - 4 - 4 sts, 1 ω, des, ves. Hypostome with continuous to rough longitudinal striations, base with fine transverse striations. Hypostome has two pairs of strong setae and adoral setae as shown in figure 30. Dorsal hypostomal setae exceptionally long (21 µm). Dorsum (Figs 31 – 32). Naso simple, detectable median eye posterior to naso. All dorsal setae simple. Setae ve straight, located in anterior half of prodorsum and longer than sce. Setae vi and sci lost in this specimen. Center of prodorsum with sparsely broken to continuous transverse striations that strongly curve outward towards anterior. Posterior striations slightly curve outward posteriorly as seen in Figure 31. Five detectable eyes present, anterior pair separated from posterior pair by transverse striations. Distance between them equals diameter of anterior pair. Sejugal groove conspicuous. Setae c 1 about half first interspace. Setae c 2, twice length of c 1 as shown in figure 32. Internal clunals (h 1) long. Posterior annals (ps 1) near anal cleft and two pairs of anal setae present. Venter (Figs 33 – 34). All ventral setae simple. Twenty-eight to 34 long blunt aggenital setae, first two unpaired between coxae IV. Some may be slightly branched distally. Ten to 11 pairs of blunt linearly arranged genital setae equally long as shown in figure 33. Three pairs of equal genital discs, first pair in anterior half and two pairs in posterior half. Genital tracheae well defined. Ovipositor with 18 setae and a characteristic lip as seen in figure 34. Ovipositor has longitudinal striations. Anal cleft has two pairs of anal setae (ad 2 and an 1). Legs (Figs 35 – 36). Legs shorter than idiosoma. Leg II shorter than leg I while rest increase progressively. All tactile setae simple. Genu I with an attenuate solenidion, tibia I has a distal trichobothrium, solid attenuate famulus and two closely associated attenuate solenidia as shown in figure 35. Tarsi I have one attenuate, two blunt solenidia. Claws nude and shorter than pretarsi. Tibiae II have one attenuate and one reduced blunt solenidion each. Tarsi II have only one blunt solenidion in proximal half as shown in figure 36. Genua, telofemora and basifemora each have a macroseta. Tibiae III have a distal attenuate solenidion while tarsi III have a proximal trichobothrium. Tibiae IV have a trichobothrium in distal half. Tarsi IV have an attenuate solenidion anterior to a proximal trichobothrium. Leg chaetotaxy as follows: coxae I – IV 7 (8 - 9) - 6 - 9 - 4 (3) sts; trochanters I – IV 1 - 1 - 2 - 1 sts; basifemora I – IV 11 - 7 (8 - 9) - 6 - 3 (2) sts; telofemora I – IV 7 (8) - 8 (7) - 5 (6) - 7 (6) sts; genua I – IV 7 sts, lσ - 6 (7) - 5 (7) - 5 (6) sts; tibiae I – IV 16 (15) sts, 2 φ, 1 ĸ, 1 tr - 13 (12) sts, 2 φ - 12 sts, 1 φ - 14 (15) sts, 1 tr; tarsi I – IV 29 (30) sts, 3 ω - 29 sts, lω, 1 ĸ - 28 (27) sts, 1 tr - 26 sts, 1 tr, 1 ω. Tritonymph (n = 3). Dimensions: length including gnathosoma 714 – 756; width 277 – 382; length of gnathosoma 191 – 210; length of chelicerae 164 – 182; length of palp segments: I 10 – 12; II + III 143 – 162; IV 19 – 21 V 31 – 38; des 204 – 229; ves 134 – 162; length of legs: I 273 – 309; II 210 – 298; III 258 – 361; IV 317 – 407; length of setae vi 103 – 113; ve 336 – 46; sci broken off; sce 46; c 1 29 – 42; c 2 61 – 80; d 32; e 34; f 1 64; f 2 49; h 1 71 – 76; h 2 61 – 66; DHS 13; distance: vi – vi 36 – 48; first interspace (c 1 to d) 57 – 76. Three pairs of genital discs, anterior pair in proximal half and posterior two pairs in distal half. Six pairs of blunt genital setae linearly arranged, of approximate length. Twenty two aggenital setae surround genital region. Anterior aggenital setae unpaired and occur between coxae IV. Ventrally, three pairs of anal setae (ad 2, an 1, an 2) occur. Setae h 1 are very long and flank anal cleft. Palp basifemora have seven setae each. Leg chaetotaxy differs from that of female as follows: coxae I – IV 7 (6) - 5 (4) - 5 - 3 sts; trochanters I – IV 1 - 1 - 2 - 1 sts; basifemora I – IV 7 - 7 - 4 - 3 sts; telofemora 1 – IV 5 - 5 (4) - 5 (4) - 4 sts; genua I – IV 5 sts, 1 σ- 5 - 5 - 4 sts; tibiae I – IV 12 sts, 2 φ, 1 ε, 1 tr - 8 sts, 2 φ - 8 sts, 1 φ - 11 sts, 1 tr; tarsi I – IV 25 (24) sts, 3 ω - 25 sts, 1 ω, 1 ĸ - 23 sts, 1 tr - 22 (21) sts, 1 ω, 1 tr. Deutonymph (n = 2). Dimensions: Length including gnathosoma 622 – 648; width 227 – 238; length of gnathosoma 153 – 157 length of chelicerae 138 – 141; length of palp segments: I 8 – 13; II + III 113 – 117; IV 15 – 17; V 27 – 29; des 176 – 185; ves 124 – 128; length of legs: I 224; II 197 – 225; III 224 – 237; IV 227 – 269; length of setae: DHS 13 – 15; ve 33 – 34; sci broken off; sce, 29 – 31; c 1 25 – 29, c 2 57; d 29; e 33; f 1 57; f 2 40; h 1 64; h 2 52; distance: vi – vi 31 – 33; first interspace (c 1 to d) 54. This developmental stage has two pairs of genital discs; two pairs of genital setae and 12 aggenital setae, first pair between coxae IV. Three pairs of anal setae (ad 2, an 1, an 2) ventrally. Dorsally, anal cleft not yet visible and only posterior anal setae present. Palp basifemora have four setae each. Leg chaetotaxy differs from that of female as follows: coxae I – IV 5 - 4 - 4 (3) - 2 sts; trochanters I – IV 1 - 1 - 2 - 1 sts; basifemora I – IV 6 - 5 - 3 - 1 sts; telofemora I – IV 5 - 4 - 3 - 4 sts; genua I – IV 5 sts, 1 σ - 5 - 5 - 4 sts; tibiae I – IV 6 sts, 2 φ, 1 ĸ- 6 sts, 2 φ - 5 sts, 1 φ - 7 sts, 1 tr; tarsi I – IV 20 sts, 3 ω - 21 sts, 1 ω- 20 sts, 1 tr - 18 sts, 1 ω, 1 tr. Protonymph (n = 2). Dimensions: length including gnathosoma 459 – 631; width 191 – 243; length of gnathosoma 134 – 136; length of chelicerae 113 – 120; length of palp segments: I 8 – 10; II + III 103 – 113; IV 13 – 17; V 23 – 29; des 141 – 159; ves 86 – 103; length of setae: DHS 12 – 13; vi 63 – 84; ve 27 – 29; sci 75; sce 21 – 27; c 1 29; c 2 44 – 57; d 27 – 28; e 29 – 31; f 1 65 – 68; f 2 41 – 42; h 1 63; h 2 50; distance: vi – vi 23 – 27; first interspace (c 1 to d) 42 – 67. This ontogenetic stage has one pair of genital discs, one pair of genital setae and seven aggenital setae, first unpaired seta occurring between coxae IV. Two pairs of anal setae ventrally. Tibiae have one seta each. Leg chaetotaxy differs from that of female as follows: coxae I – IV 4 - 2 - 3 - 0 sts; trochanters I – IV 1 - 1 - 1 - 0 sts; basifemora I – IV 2 - 2 - 1 - 0 sts; telofemora I – IV 5 - 4 - 4 - 0 sts; genua I – IV 5 sts, 1 σ - 5 - 5 - 0 sts; tibiae I – IV, 4 sts, 2 φ, 1 ĸ, 1 tr - 5 sts; 2 φ - 5 sts, 1 φ - 1 sts; tarsi I – IV 16 sts, 2 ω - 16 sts, 1 ω- 16 sts, 1 tr - 6 sts. Larva (n = 3). Dimensions: length including gnathosoma 382 – 407; width 172 – 191; length of gnathosoma 105 – 107; length of chelicerae 90 – 96; length of palp segments: I 8; II + III 84 – 86; IV 10 – 15; V 21 – 23; des 118 – 122; ves 75; length of legs: I 151 – 143; II 145 – 147; III 183 – 191; length of setae: vi 61 – 76; ve 19 – 21; sci 59; sce 23 – 28; c 1 23; c 2 38; d 21 – 25; e 22 – 24; f 1 46 – 48; f 2 23 – 25; h 1 60; h 2 40 – 41; distance: vi – vi 19; first interspace (c 1 to d) 38 – 46. Genital region not developed; three pairs of legs and basifemora not divided. Dorsally posterior annals have not yet developed. Ventrally three pairs of anal setae. Leg chaetotaxy differs from that of female as follows: coxae I – III 2 sts- 1 sts- 0; trochanters I – III 0 - 0 - 0; femora I – III 6 - 2 - 4 sts; genua I – III 5 sts, 1 σ - 5 - 5 sts; tibiae I – III 5 sts, 2 φ, 1 ĸ - 3 sts, 2 φ - 5 sts, 1 φ; tarsi I – III 13 sts, 1 ω - 13 sts, 1 ω - 10 sts, 1 tr.	en	Theron, Elizabeth Omukunda Pieter D, Ueckermann, E A (2012): Spinibdella Thor (Acari: Bdellidae) from southern Africa: descriptions of five new species and the redescription of S. thori (Meyer & Ryke). Zootaxa 3304: 1-24, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.293434
03FCB14BFFB1FFF2E2D2FD93FA0DFBAB.taxon	materials_examined	Type material: SOUTH AFRICA, KwaZulu / Natal Province: Holotype female, 1 female paratype, 3 tritonymph paratypes, 2 deutonymph paratypes, 2 protonymph paratypes and 3 larva paratypes, Pongola, from soil, 29 October 1968, Edenville, Free State, Coll. N. de L. Genis.	en	Theron, Elizabeth Omukunda Pieter D, Ueckermann, E A (2012): Spinibdella Thor (Acari: Bdellidae) from southern Africa: descriptions of five new species and the redescription of S. thori (Meyer & Ryke). Zootaxa 3304: 1-24, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.293434
03FCB14BFFB1FFF2E2D2FD93FA0DFBAB.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The species was named after the type locality. Differential diagnosis. This species resembles Spinibdella thori (Meyer & Ryke) but can be recognized on account of the transverse striations that curve anteromedially on the prodorsum, as seen in figure 31; tibiae I with two closely associated attenuate solenidia; tibiae II with one attenuate and one reduced blunt solenidia; tarsi II with one blunt solenidion in a distal position and genua I with an attenuate solenidion. Setae c 2 about twice as long as c 1.	en	Theron, Elizabeth Omukunda Pieter D, Ueckermann, E A (2012): Spinibdella Thor (Acari: Bdellidae) from southern Africa: descriptions of five new species and the redescription of S. thori (Meyer & Ryke). Zootaxa 3304: 1-24, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.293434
03FCB14BFFB4FFEDE2D2FB8EFAB0FC1C.taxon	description	Description. Female (n = 9). Dimensions: length including gnathosoma 865 – 1060 (890); width 311 – 426 (422); length of gnathosoma 223 – 233 (233); length of chelicerae 204 – 210 (206); DHS 15 – 19 (15); length of palp segments: I 13; II + III 191 – 214 (195); IV 19 – 25 (20); V 34 – 36 (36); de 254 – 271 (263); ves 172 – 187 (172); length of legs: I 304 – 344 (331); II 319 – 365 (323); III 397 – 441 (389); IV 511 – 564 (562); length of setae: vi 134 – 143 (134); ve 52 – 54 (51); sci 99 – 132 (100); sce 55 – 59 (59); c 1 54; c 2 76 – 86 (79); d 56; e 61 – 62 (63); f 1 73 – 74 (72); f 2 70 – 77 (77); h 1 88 – 93 (81); h 2 86 – 88 (83); distance: vi – vi 44 – 48 (44); first interspace (c 1 to d) 78 – 97 (81). Gnathosoma (Figs 37 – 39). Chelicerae have rough longitudinal striations and a pair of strong setae dorsally. Both movable and fixed digits straight with former longest. Setae inserted as shown in figure 37. Palp extends beyond hypostome. Palp tibiotarsus has a long blunt solenidion ventrally. Distal setae comparatively long as shown in figure 38. Palp chaetotaxy from trochanter to tibiotarsus as follows: 0 - 9 - 1 - 4 - 4 sts, 1 ω, 1 des, 1 ves. Hypostome has weak longitudinal striations while base has fine strong transverse striations. Two pairs of strong hypostomal setae inserted as shown in figure 39. Two pairs of short adoral setae present. Dorsum (Figs 40 – 41). Naso simple, median eye detectable. Prodorsal setae simple. Setae vi and sce relatively long. Setae ve, straight, long and occur in anterior half of prodorsum as shown in figure 40. Setae sce straight, long and slightly thicker than vi. Middle prodorsum has roughly broken striations as shown in figure 41. Internal apodemes halfway between vi and sci. Two pairs of detectable eyes separated by distance equal to diameter of smaller posterior pair. Longitudinal striations between anterior and posterior pairs of eyes. Longitudinal striations on dorsolateral prodorsum. Sejugal groove conspicuous. Setae c 1 about 2 / 3 first interspace. Setae c 2 may be pilose in some individuals and long but not as in Spinibdella pongolensis. Setae f 2 occur on horizontal line with h 1 strikingly long in some individuals. In some individuals, anal cleft not dorsally visible. Setae ps 1 and ps 2 finely pilose. Venter (Fig. 42). All ventral setae pilose. Forty long blunt pilose aggenitals. First setae unpaired between coxae III as shown in figure 42. Ten pairs of linearly arranged blunt pilose genital setae equal in length on genital plates. Three pairs of small genital discs, first pair in anterior half and rest in posterior half. Eighteen setae occur on ovipositor. Three pairs of anal setae present (ad 1, ad 2, an 1). Anal cleft closed in some individuals. Legs (Figs 43 – 44). Legs shorter than idiosoma. Some individuals have leg II shorter than leg I. Rest increase progressively. All coxal setae pilose. Other leg segments may have either both pilose and simple or only simple setae. Basifemora and telofemora III and IV have a macroseta each. Genua I and II have duplex setae each in distal half while III have a reduced attenuate solenidion. Tibiae I have two attenuate solenidia, one shorter than other, a solid attenuate famulus and a trichobothrium distally as shown in figure 43. Tibiae II have a reduced blunt solenidion each as seen in figure 44. Tibiae III have an attenuate solenidion, tibiae IV have a trichobothrium. Setae on tarsi smooth. Tarsi I have one attenuate solenidion proximally and two blunt solenidia distally. Pretarsi longer than claws which lack rays. Tarsus II has a simple solid famulus proximally and two blunt solenidia distally. Tarsus III has a proximal trichobothrium. Tarsus IV has a proximal trichobothrium. Leg chaetotaxy as follows: coxae I – IV 10 - 8 - 6 - 6 sts; trochanters I – IV 1 - 1 - 2 - 1 sts; basifemora I – IV 10 - 9 - 8 - 3 sts; telofemora I – IV 7 - 7 - 4 - 5 sts; genua I – IV 6 sts, 1 duplex - 6 sts, 1 duplex - 6 sts, 1 σ - 7 sts; tibiae I – IV 14 sts, 2 φ, 1 ĸ, 1 tr - 14 sts, 1 φ - 14 sts, 1 φ - 14 sts, 1 tr; tarsi I – IV 30 sts, 3 ω- 30 sts, 2 ω, 1 ĸ - 30 sts, 1 tr - 27 sts, 1 tr. Tritonymph (n = 6). Dimensions: length including gnathosoma 564 – 725; width 290 – 325; length of gnathosoma 180 – 193; length of chelicerae 153 – 178; DHS 13; length of palp segments I 10; II + III 159 – 160; IV 19 – 21; V 31; des 224; ves 138 – 147; length of legs: I 250 – 262; II 246 – 264; III 351 – 353; IV 411 – 579; length of setae: vi 115; ve 46; sci 115; sce 44 – 48; c 1 44 – 46; c 2 71 – 76; d 45; e 49 – 50; f 1 57; f 2 53 – 57; h 1 75 – 76; h 2 60 – 65; distance: vi – vi 36; first interspace (c 1 to d) 65 – 82. Twenty eight blunt pilose aggenital setae, first unpaired between coxae IV. Five pairs of pilose genital setae linearly arranged on two genital plates. Three pairs of genital discs, proximal pair in anterior half while two other pairs in distal half. Setae ps 1 on horizontal level with termination of anal cleft, last setae dorsally. Three pairs of anal setae, namely ad 2, an 1 and an 2 occur ventrally. Palp basifemora with seven setae. Leg chaetotaxy differs from that of female as follows: coxae I – IV 8 - 6 - 5 - 4 sts; trochanters I – IV 1 - 1 - 2 - 1 sts; basifemora I – IV 6 - 8 - 7 - 3 sts; telofemora I – IV 5 - 6 - 4 - 4 sts; genua I – IV 4 sts 1 duplex - 4 sts, 1 duplex - 4 sts, 1 σ - 5 sts; tibiae I – IV 10 sts, 2 φ, 1 ĸ, 1 tr - 9 sts, 1 φ - 9 sts, 1 φ - 11 sts, 1 tr; tarsi I – IV 25 sts, 3 ω- 24 sts, 2 ω, 1 ĸ - 22 sts, 1 tr - 21 sts, 1 tr. Deutonymph (n = 1). Dimensions: length including gnathosoma 502; width 218; length of gnathosoma 168; length of chelicerae 143; DHS, 10; length of palp segments: I 10; II + III 134; IV 19; V 27; des 185; ves 117; length of legs: I 212; II 203; III 256; IV 309; length of setae: vi – ve 38; sci 96; sce 38; c 1 38; c 2 65; d 35; e, broken off; f 1 51; f 2 45; h 1 65; h 2 56; distance: vi – v i 29; first interspace (c 1 to d) 61. Sixteen long pilose aggenitals; first pair between coxae IV. One pair of pilose genital setae. Two pairs of genital discs. Venter with three pairs of anal setae as in tritonymph. Leg chaetotaxy differs from that of the female as follows: coxae I – IV 6 - 4 - 4 - 2 sts; trochanters I – IV 1 - 1 - 2 - 1 sts; basifemora I – IV 5 - 5 - 4 - 1 sts; telofemora I – IV 5 - 4 - 4 - 3 sts; genua I – IV 4 sts, 1 duplex - 4 sts, 1 duplex - 4, 1 σ - 4 sts; tarsi I – IV 20 sts, 3 φ - 20 sts, 2 φ, 1 ĸ - 21 sts, 1 tr - 19 sts, 1 tr.	en	Theron, Elizabeth Omukunda Pieter D, Ueckermann, E A (2012): Spinibdella Thor (Acari: Bdellidae) from southern Africa: descriptions of five new species and the redescription of S. thori (Meyer & Ryke). Zootaxa 3304: 1-24, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.293434
03FCB14BFFB4FFEDE2D2FB8EFAB0FC1C.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. NAMIBIA: Holotype female, 6 female paratypes, 3 tritonymph paratype, 1 deutonymph paratype, Gobabeb P. D. Theron; SOUTH AFRICA, Northern Cape Province: Springbok, Northern Cape from soil, 11 - III- 1980, 2 paratype females and 3 paratype tritonymphs, from Antizoma miersiana Harv. (Menispermaceae), 21 km south of Springbok, D. J. Botha, 27 - ix- 1973.	en	Theron, Elizabeth Omukunda Pieter D, Ueckermann, E A (2012): Spinibdella Thor (Acari: Bdellidae) from southern Africa: descriptions of five new species and the redescription of S. thori (Meyer & Ryke). Zootaxa 3304: 1-24, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.293434
03FCB14BFFB4FFEDE2D2FB8EFAB0FC1C.taxon	etymology	Etymology. This species is named after the type locality. Differential diagnosis. This species closely resembles Spinibdella thori but can be recognized by: roughly broken transverse striations medially on the prodorsum, unlike continuous in S thori; two attenuate solenidia on tibiae I, one which is about half the length of the longest one; tibia II has a reduced blunt solenidion; genua I and II have duplex setae while III have a reduced attenuate solenidion; leg IV strikingly long (over 500 µm). The South African material however has some variations in that the vertical setae are both simple and finely pilose.	en	Theron, Elizabeth Omukunda Pieter D, Ueckermann, E A (2012): Spinibdella Thor (Acari: Bdellidae) from southern Africa: descriptions of five new species and the redescription of S. thori (Meyer & Ryke). Zootaxa 3304: 1-24, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.293434
03FCB14BFFABFFE9E2D2FBFFFEDAFAE4.taxon	description	Description. Female (n = 171) Dimensions: color in life is cream. Length including gnathosoma 567 – 852; width 210 – 355; length of gnathosoma 172 – 212; length of chelicera 153 – 206; length of DHS 11 – 19; length of palp segments: I 9 – 12; II + III 122 – 143; IV 15 – 21; V 27 – 38; des 160 – 227; ves 86 – 143; length of legs: I 199 – 300; II 186 – 298; III 223 – 377; IV 286 – 458; length of setae: vi 100 – 120; ve 36 – 42; sci 94 – 105; sce 36 – 42, c 1 38 – 46; c 2 42 – 54; d 35 – 46; e 41 – 48; f 1 43 – 56; f 2 39 – 50; h 1 51 – 71; h 2 51 – 69; distance: vi – vi 38 – 52; first interspace (c 1 to d) 63 – 86. Gnathosoma (Figs 45 – 47). Chelicerae have a pair of setae each and fine longitudinal striations. Proximal seta 1.6 times distal one. Both movable and fixed chelae straight but former longer as shown in figure 45. Palp (Fig. 46) extends beyond hypostome. Palp chaetotaxy as follows from trochanter to tibiotarsus, 0 - 8 (9) - 1 - 4 - 4 sts, 1 ω, des, ves. Gnathosomal base has strong fine transverse striations as shown in figure 47, while hypostome has two pairs of strong ventral setae, one pair of DHS setae and weak longitudinal striations. Two pairs of adoral setae resent on the lips. Dorsum (Fig. 48). Simple naso median eye posterior to naso. Two pairs of trichobothria on prodorsum. Setae ve slightly curved and simple while sce are straight and thicker than ve. Center of prodorsum has fine, continuous, transverse striations. Two pairs of detectable eyes separated by oblique to longitudinal striations and a distance equal to the diameter of smaller posterior pair. All setae simple, sejugal groove conspicuous as shown in figure 48. Venter (Fig. 49). Ventral setae simple and blunt. Thirty four aggenital setae, first pair between coxa IV. Ten pairs of equal genital setae linearly arranged, nine on one plate and 11 on another. Three pairs of genital discs, proximal pair largest, two pairs arranged in first ½ of vestibule and third small pair in the distal ½. Three pairs of anal setae present. Ovipositor with 18 setae as shown in figure 49. Legs (Figs 50 – 51). Legs shorter than idiosoma. Genua I – III have duplex setae medially. Tibiae I have two attenuate solenidia, one of which is blunt and reduced, an attenuate peg and trichobothrium in distal half (Fig. 50). Tibiae II with a deeply recessed blunt solenidion distally (Fig. 51). Tibia III has an attenuate solenidion in distal position. Tarsi I have one attenuate and two blunt solenidia, former proximally and later distally. Tarsi II have a simple peg in addition to two blunt solenidia. Claws shorter than pretarsi and rayed. Leg chaetotaxy as follows: coxae I – IV 10 - 8 (6) - 6 (8) - 6 sts; trochanters I – IV 1 - 1 - 2 - 1 sts; basifemora I – IV 10 (11) - 8 (9 - 11) - 8 - 3 sts; telofemora I – IV 7 (6 - 9) - 8 (6) - 5 (4) - 6 sts; genua I – IV 6 sts 1 duplex - 6 sts, 1 duplex - 6 sts 1 duplex – 7 sts; tibiae I – IV 14 (11 – 13) sts, 2 φ, 1 ĸ, 1 tr - 14 (11 – 13) sts, 1 φ - 14 (11 – 14) sts, 1 φ - 15 (13 – 14) sts, 1 tr; tarsi I – IV 28 (28 – 31) sts, 3 ω - 28 (28 – 31) sts, 2 ω, 1 ĸ - 25 (24) sts, 1 tr - 27 sts, 1 tr. Male (n = 2). (Fig. 52). Dimensions: length including gnathosoma 463 – 493; length of gnathosoma 157 – 168; width 162 – 172; length of chelicerae 139 – 141; length of palp segments: I 10 – 12; II + III 105 – 107; IV 17; V 29; des 153 – 155; ves 96 – 107; length of legs: I 201 – 214; II 172 – 182; III 222 – 225; IV 280 – 283; length of setae: DHS vi broken off; 13; ve 29 – 31; sce 31; c 1 29 – 31; c 2 31 – 33; d 27; e 29; f 1 33, f 2 32; h 1, 42; h 2 43; distance: vi – vi 38; first interspace (c 1 to d) 48 – 54. Except for small size and difference in genital area, males are similar to females. Amphioid sclerites characteristic of this species as seen in figure 52. Tritonymph (n = 50). Dimensions: Total length including gnathosoma 412 – 657; width 172 – 229; length of gnathosoma 145 – 212; length of chelicerae 134 – 172; DHS 10 – 15; length of palp segments: I 10 – 12; II + III 92 – 130; IV 10 – 19; V 25 – 33; des 139 – 191; ves 78 – 115; length of legs: I 170 – 230; II 167 – 216; III 251 – 265; IV 228 – 336; length of setae: vi 92 – 103; ve 29 – 34; sci 94 – 107; sce 31 – 36; c 1 29 – 38; c 2 38 – 48; d 29 – 37; e 34 – 38; f 1 36 – 41; f 2 36 – 42; h 1 43 – 52; h 2 44 – 47; distance vi – vi 33 – 44; first interspace (c 1 to d) 50 – 71. This developmental stage has seven pairs of blunt, equal aggenital setae, first pair between coxae IV, unpaired setae anterior to genital plate. Five pairs of blunt genital setae arranged linearly on genital plates. Three pairs of genital discs occur in vestibule; two pairs in anterior half and one pair in posterior half. Two pairs of anal setae ventrally. Palp chaetotaxy differs from that of female in that palp basifemora bear 7 setae. Leg chaetotaxy as follows: coxae I – IV 8 - 6 - 6 - 4 sts; trochanters I – IV 1 - 1 - 2 - 1 sts; basifemora I – IV 7 - 7 - 6 - 3 sts; telofemora I – IV 5 - 4 - 4 - 4 sts; genua I – IV 4 sts, 1 duplex - 4 sts, 1 duplex - 4 sts 1 duplex - 4 sts; tibiae I – IV 8 sts, 2 φ, 1 ĸ, 1 tr - 8 sts, 1 φ - 8 sts, 1 φ - 8 (9) sts, 1 tr; tarsi I – IV 23 sts, 3 ω- 23 sts, 2 ω, 1 ĸ - 21 sts, 1 tr - 20 sts, 1 tr. Deutonymph (n = 32). Dimensions: Length including gnathosoma 359 – 610; width 196 – 248; length of gnathosoma 124 – 152; length of chelicerae 105 – 138; length of DHS 10 – 13; length of palp segments: I 10; II + III 82 – 105; IV 13 – 15; V 23 – 29; des 117 – 145; ves 54 – 82; length of legs: I 116 – 204; II 149 – 160; III 182 – 239; IV 201 – 273; length of setae: vi 86 – 115; ve 29 – 33; sce 29 – 39; c 1 29 – 33; c 2 36 – 40; d 24 – 31; e 28 – 29; f 1 32 – 35; f 2 30 – 39; h 1 42 – 45; h 2 39 – 41; distance: vi – vi 25 – 29; first interspace (c 1 to d) 48 – 57. This ontogenetic stage has 15 equal blunt aggenital setae, first pair between coxae IV, unpaired seta anterior to genital plates. It has one pair of blunt genital setae and two pairs of genital discs. Two pairs of anal setae occur ventrally. Palp chaetotaxy differs from that of female by palp basifemora having five setae. Leg chaetotaxy follows: coxae I – IV 6 - 4 - 5 - 2 sts; trochanter I – IV 1 - 1 - 2 - 1 sts; basifemora I – IV 5 - 5 - 4 - 1 sts; telofemora I – IV 5 - 4 - 4 - 4 sts; genua I – IV 4 sts, 1 duplex - 4 sts, 1 duplex - 4 sts, 1 duplex - 4 sts; tibiae I – IV 6 sts, 2 φ, 1 ĸ, 1 tr - 5 sts; 1 φ- 6 sts, 1 φ- 7 sts, 1 tr; tarsi I – IV 19 sts, 3 ω- 20 sts, 2 ω, 1 ĸ - 21 sts, 1 tr - 17 sts, 1 tr. Protonymph (n = 34). Dimensions: length including gnathosoma 410 – 468; width 159 – 220; length of gnathosoma 114 – 137; length of chelicerae 103 – 125; length of palp segments: I 6; II + III 75 – 86; IV 12 – 15; V 23 – 25; des 105 – 136; ves 54 – 67; DHS 8 – 12; length of legs: I 130 – 182; II 133 – 172; III 174 – 229; IV 162 – 203; length of setae: vi 76 – 118; ve 23 – 29; sci 88 – 95; sce 23 – 29; c 1 23 – 32; c 2 34 – 44; d 22 – 25; e 25 – 26; f 1 30 – 33; f 2 27 – 30; h 1 40 – 42; h 2 38 – 30; distance: vi – vi 23 – 28; first interspace (c 1 to d) 38 – 48. This stage has eight aggenital setae, first pair between coxae IV, genital setae absent and has one pair of genital discs. Anal plate bordered by two pairs of anal setae ventrally. Palp basifemora differ from that of female by having two setae. Leg chaetotaxy differs from that of female as follows: coxae I – IV 3 bts, 1 sts - 2 - 3 - 0 sts; trochanter I – IV, 1 - 1 - 1 - 0 sts; basifemora I – IV 2 - 2 - 1 - 0 sts; telofemora I – IV 5 - 3 - 5 - 0 sts; genua I – IV 4 sts, 1 duplex - 4 sts, 1 duplex - 4 sts, 1 duplex- 0 sts, tibiae I – IV 4 sts, 2 φ, 1 ĸ, 1 tr - 5 sts, 1 φ - 5 sts, 1 φ - 1 sts; tarsi I – IV 16 sts, 2 ω- 16 sts, 2 ω, 1 ĸ – 16 sts, 1 tr - 7 sts. Larva (n = 17). Dimensions: Length including gnathosoma 254 – 308; width 105 – 147; length of gnathosoma 90 – 115; length of chelicerae 84 – 105; DHS 6; length of palp segments: I 6; II + III 57 – 65; IV 12 – 13; V 17 – 19; des 67 – 92; ves 38 – 46; length of legs: I 105 – 109; II 92 – 103; III 115 – 168; length of setae: v i 71 – 76; ve 19 – 25; sci 99; sce 19 – 29; c 1 21 – 23; c 2 29 – 34; d 19 – 23; e 17 – 23; f 1 21 – 25; f 2 18 – 22; h 1 31 – 38; h 2 34 – 49; distance vi – vi 17 – 19; first interspace (c 1 to d) 23 – 36. This stage is characterized by three pairs of legs and undeveloped genital region. Two pairs of anal setae present. Femora not subdivided. Palp femur has two setae, trochanter without setae. Leg chaetotaxy differs from that of female as follows: coxae I – III 2 - 1 - 2 sts; trochanter, I – III 0 - 0 - 0 sts; femora I – III 6 - 6 - 5 sts; genua I – III 4 sts 1 duplex - 4 sts, 1 duplex - 4 sts, 1 duplex; tibiae I – III 5 sts, 2 φ, 1 ĸ - 5 sts, 1 ĸ- 7 sts, 1 φ; tarsi I – III 13 sts, 2 ω- 15 sts, 1 ω, 1 ĸ - 11 sts, 1 tr.	en	Theron, Elizabeth Omukunda Pieter D, Ueckermann, E A (2012): Spinibdella Thor (Acari: Bdellidae) from southern Africa: descriptions of five new species and the redescription of S. thori (Meyer & Ryke). Zootaxa 3304: 1-24, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.293434
03FCB14BFFABFFE9E2D2FBFFFEDAFAE4.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. SOUTH AFRICA, Eastern Cape Province: Holotype female, Bathurst, from an unidentified bush, 6 June 1956, Coll. P. Graham; North West Province: 22 females, 3 tritonymphs, one deutonymph and 2 larvae, Boskop Dam, Potchefstroom, from debris under Acacia karroo, 11 January 1996 to 1 November 1996, Coll. J. van der Schyff; 5 females, 1 deutonymph and 1 one tritonymph, North-West University Campus, Potchefstroom, in soil, 5 November 1962, Coll. G. C. Loots; 27 females, 2 tritonymphs, 6 deutonymphs, 3 protonymphs and 2 larvae, North-West University Campus, Potchefstroom, from debris under A. karroo Hayne, (Fabaceae), 22 July 1970 and 10 October 1970, Coll. J den Heyer; 5 female, 4 tritonymphs, 1 deutonymph, 1 protonymph and 1 larva, North-West University Campus, Potchefstroom, from litter under Dombeya rotundifolia (Hochst.) Planch. (Sterculiaceae), 10 November 1970 and 19 March 1971, Coll. J. den Heyer; 3 females, 2 tritonymphs and 3 protonymphs, North-West University Campus, Potchefstroom, from debris under Euphorbia L. sp. (Euphorbiaceae), 9 April 1971, Coll. J den Heyer; 1 female, Bodenstein, Coligny, from debris under Salix sp., 3 March 1973, Coll. J. den Heyer; 1 female, 2 deutonymphs, 3 protonymphs and 1 larva, North-West University Campus, from soil, 15 January 1974, Coll. J. den Heyer; 2 females, 1 tritonymph, 1 deutonymph and 1 larva, Bodenstein, Coligny, from litter under Salix L. (Salicaceae) sp., 20 January 1974, Coll. J. den Heyer; 3 females, Zeerust, from soil, 9 February 1997, Coll. M. Erasmus; 3 females, 3 deutonymphs and 1 larva, Boskop Dam, from debris under A. karroo Hayne, (Fabaceae), 19 February 1997, Coll. P. D. Theron; 7 females, 1 tritonymph, 3 protonymphs and 1 larva, Boskop Dam, from debris under A. karroo Hayne, (Fabaceae), 6 November 1998, Coll. E. N. Omukunda; 23 females, 7 tritonymphs, 2 deutonymphs and 3 protonymphs, Boskop Dam, from debris under A. karroo Hayne, (Fabaceae), 9 November 1998, Coll. E. N. Omukunda; 3 females, Zeerust, from Searsia sp., 0 2 March 1997, Coll. M. Erasmus. Limpopo Province: 1 deutonymph, 10 km from Polekwane, from debris under A. karroo Hayne, (Fabaceae), 4 October 1970, Coll. J. den Heyer; 1 female, 2 tritonymphs, 5 deutonymphs, 5 protonymphs, 1 larva, Lajuma farm near Mara, from moss, fern and forest floor, 14 November 1970, Coll. J. den Heyer; 8 females, 1 deutonymph and 3 protonymphs, University of the North Campus, from mixed vegetation, 5 November 1970, Coll. J. den Heyer; 22 females, 7 tritonymphs and 1 deutonymph, Rietkolk near Polokwane from debris under Acacia rehmanniana Schinz (Fabaceae) and Searsia pyroides Burch., (Anacardiacea), 11 April 1971, Coll. J. den Heyer; 3 females and 3 tritonymphs, bank of Blood River, 10 km from Polokwane, from Acacia rehmanniana Schinz (Fabaceae) and Protasparagus Oberm. sp. (Liliaceae), 11 April 1971, Coll. J. den Heyer; 16 females, 1 tritonymph, 2 deutonymphs and 1 larva, Polokwane, from debris under A. karroo Hayne, (Fabaceae), 29 April 1971, Coll. J. den Heyer; 1 female and 1 deutonymph, Limpopo River, Soutpansberg district, 23 May 1971, Coll. C. C. Straub; 5 females, 3 tritonymphs, 1 deutonymph and 1 larva, alongside Chuniz road, Polokwane, from debris under Acacia Mill. sp, (Fabaceae), 24 May 1971, Coll. J. den Heyer; 4 females and 1 tritonymph, University of the North Campus, debris from a nearby hill, 17 March 1972, Coll. J. den Heyer; 6 females, 5 tritonymphs, 7 protonymphs and 4 larvae, Breslau farm, Limpopo River, from debris under Xanthocercis zambesiaca (Bak.) Dumaz-le-Grand (Fabaceae), 16 April 1972, Coll. C. C. Straub; 5 females, Polokwane, from debris under Acacia tortilis (Forssk.) Hayne, (Fabaceae) 17 November 1973, Coll. J. den Heyer; 2 females and 2 tritonymphs, Rooiberg, from Maytenus Molina sp. (Celastraceae), Coll. P. D. Theron, 0 4 February 1988. Mpumalanga Province: 6 females and 3 deutonymphs, 39 km from Loskop Dam Nature Reserve, from debris of Maytenus heterophylla (Eckl. & Zeyh.) N. K. B. Robson, (Celastraceae) Ozoroa paniculosa (Sond.) R. & A. Fernandes (Anacardiaceae) and Dombeya rotundifolia (Hochst.) Planch. (Sterculiaceae), 17 November 1971, Coll. J. den Heyer; 1 female, Loskop Dam, from debris under Searsia lancea (L. F.), (Anacardiacea), 2 March 1973, Coll. J. van Huyssteen; KwaZulu / Natal Province: 2 females, Fanies Island, St. Lucia Lake, from soil, 16 September 1972, Coll. G. C. Loots; 1 female, 3 protonymphs and 1 larva, 20 km from Jozini, from soil, 20 September 1972, Coll. G. C. Loots; one female, 10 km from Jozini to Pongola, from soil, 21 September 1972, Coll. G. C. Loots; Northern Cape Province: 8 tritonymphs and 4 deutonymphs, 21 km south of Springbok, from litter under Antizoma miersiana Harv. (Menispermaceae), 27 September 1973, Coll. D. Botha; one female. Goegab Nature Reserve, from debris under Zygophylum L. sp. (Zygophyllaceae), August 1993, Coll. H. Kruger; 3 females and 1 tritonymph, Nababeep, from Berkheya spinosissima (Thunb.) Willd (Asteraceae), 29 August 1996, Coll. H. Kruger; 1 female, Sariesaam, from Mesembryanthemaceae, Coll. H. Kruger, 29 August 1996. Free State Province: 1 female, Marquard-Winburg road, from humus, 20 January 1974, Coll. C. A. J. van Rensburg; Western Cape Province: 2 females, Kleinmond, from soil, 11 December 1976, Coll. J. den Heyer; 4 females, 1 deutonymph and 1 larva, Betty’s Bay, from soil, 21 December 1976, Coll. J. den Heyer; 1 female, 2 males, 1 tritonymph and 1 larva, Cape Point, Cape of Good Hope Nature Reserve, from debris under a bush, 30 December 1998, Coll. P. D. Theron.	en	Theron, Elizabeth Omukunda Pieter D, Ueckermann, E A (2012): Spinibdella Thor (Acari: Bdellidae) from southern Africa: descriptions of five new species and the redescription of S. thori (Meyer & Ryke). Zootaxa 3304: 1-24, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.293434
03FCB14BFFABFFE9E2D2FBFFFEDAFAE4.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Atyeo (1963) was of the opinion that S. thori (Meyer & Ryke) may be synonymous with S. ornata Atyeo, 1960. The characters that distinguish the females of these two species are the presence of 9 setae on the palp basifemur and only a blunt solenidion on tibia II of S. thori instead of 8 setae on the basifemur and a blunt and an acute solenidion on tibia II of S. ornata. Atyeo (1963) was of the opinion that the discovery of a male of S. thori may solve this problem. During this study two male specimens were found and it differs in the shape of the amphioid sclerites and the presence of 12 – 13 pairs of genital setae instead of 17 pairs in S. ornata. Thus S. thori is a valid species.	en	Theron, Elizabeth Omukunda Pieter D, Ueckermann, E A (2012): Spinibdella Thor (Acari: Bdellidae) from southern Africa: descriptions of five new species and the redescription of S. thori (Meyer & Ryke). Zootaxa 3304: 1-24, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.293434
