identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
03FC1C7BFFE5087126E337E0FD6F4B59.text	03FC1C7BFFE5087126E337E0FD6F4B59.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Merodon eumerusi Vujić & Radenković & Likov & Andrić & Gilasian & Barkalov 2019	<div><p>Merodon eumerusi Vujić, Radenković et Likov sp. n.</p><p>Figs 1 A–D, 2, 3, 4A–B, 5, 6A–B, 7A</p><p>Type material. HOLOTYPE. Tajikistan, ♂, pinned, in USNM. Original label: “Tadzhik SSR, Khodzha Obigarm, ca 45 km NW Dushanbe, 16 jul 1979, 00036585” . PARATYPES: Tajikistan: 2♂ 2♀, Khatlon Province, Khuroson District, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=68.71667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=38.233334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 68.71667/lat 38.233334)">Kishlak Toshbulok</a>, 38° 14'N 68° 43'E, 1–4.vi.2016, leg. Yu. Danilov, A. Barkalov, V. Zinchenko (1♂ determined as Merodon sp.3 by Barkalov, 2017) (SZMN) ; 1♂, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=68.833336&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=39.05" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 68.833336/lat 39.05)">Ziddy</a>, 39° 03'N 68° 50'E, 17.vii.1979, leg. W.J. Pulawski, 0 0 0 36584 (USNM) ; 1♂, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=68.26667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=39.433334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 68.26667/lat 39.433334)">Takob</a>, 39° 26'N 68° 16'E, 6.vii.1979, leg. W.J. Pulawski, 0 0 0 36583 (USNM) ; 1♂ 1♀, Tabilj Dapa, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=71.0&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=39.0" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 71.0/lat 39.0)">Petra Pervogo</a>, 1700m, 39° 00'N 71° 00'E, 17.vii.1964, leg. V. Zaitsev (SZMN) ; 3♂, Varzob Canyon, 5 km NE Kalon, 39° 05' N 68° 88' E, 07-12.vii.2017, leg. A. Barkalov (SZMN) ; 3♂, Varzob Canyon, 3 km NE Kalon, 39° 06' N 68° 87' E, 30.vi.2017 (2♂), 05.vii.2017 (1♂), leg. A Barkalov (SZMN) ; 1♂, Varzob Canyon, 3.5 km NE Kalon, 39° 07' N 68° 84' E, 11.vii.2017, leg. Zinchenko (SZMN) . Kyrgyzstan: 1♀, Chatkal Valley, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=71.066666&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=41.716667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 71.066666/lat 41.716667)">Tyan–Shan Mountain</a>, Dzharty–Su, 1550m, 41° 43'N 71° 4'E, 30.vii.1973, leg. D. Žartady (SZMN) . Uzbekistan: 1♂ 2♀, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=70.01667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=41.516666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 70.01667/lat 41.516666)">Kata–Chimgan</a>, 41° 31'N 70° 01' E, 27.vi.2006, leg. Allan Selin (S. K. coll.) ; 1♀, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=67.6&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=38.633335" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 67.6/lat 38.633335)">Hodzahasmin</a>, 38° 38'N 67° 36' E, 03.vii.2006, leg. Allan Selin (S. K. coll.) .</p><p>Diagnosis. Belongs to Merodon avidus-nigritarsis lineage: relatively large species (11–17 mm) with white pollinose vittae on mesoscutum and white pollinose fasciae on tergites; at least tergite 2 with reddish-orange marks. Mesoscutum covered with erect, yellow pile. Anterior anepisternum bare below the postpronotum. Pile on metasternum erect, as long as those on hind coxa. Abdomen elongate, narrow and tapering, always longer than mesoscutum and scutellum together. Posterior part of mid coxa usually without long pile. First flagellomere at most twice as long as wide. Legs without thorns or other protuberances. Male genitalia: anterior surstyle lobe usually of rhomboid shape, covered with dense short pile; posterior surstyle lobe usually longer than anterior one; interior accessory lobe of posterior surstyle lobe narrow and long; cercus rectangular, without prominences. Hypandrium narrow, elongate and sickle–shaped; posterior end of lateral sclerite of aedeagus tapering; hypandrium usually with a pair of lateral projections; lingula developed. For the subgroups of M. avidus-nigritarsis lineage and the approximate number of taxa see Table 1.</p><p>Merodon eumerusi sp. n. possesses a line of thorns on the inner side of apical quarter of metafemur (Fig. 4B), representing a unique apomorphic character that is absent in all other species of the genus. Based on the structure of the male genitalia (Figs 6 A–B, 7A), similar with M. ottomanus Hurkmans (Figs 6 C–D, 7B). Differs from other known species of the M. avidus-nigritarsis lineage (except M. aurifer Loew) in having 1–4 fine pile (usually one) on the posterior side of the mesocoxa. In males, the basoflagellomere is elongated with an angular apex (Fig. 2A), bearing a very large outer fossette (Fig. 1B) and a second inner fossette (Fig. 1A), which are absent in all other species of the genus. Medium-sized species (10–12 mm), with a vitta of black pile between wing bases. Terga dark except for triangular reddish-yellow lateral marks on tergum 2. Terga 2–4 with a pair of broad pollinose vittae, almost connected medially on terga 3 and 4 (Fig. 5A).</p><p>Description. MALE. Head (Figs 1 A–B, 2A–B). Antenna (Figs 1 A–B) dark brown; basoflagellomere about 1.4 times longer than pedicel, with acute tip; rectangular, with two fossettes: a large triangular one on the inner side and an oval one on the outer side (Figs 1 A–B); arista about 1.5 times longer than basoflagellomere. Face and frons black, densely covered with whitish pollinosity and pale pile, except for the upper and lower part of mouth edge and lunula; lateral side of mouth edge with small pollinose macula; face with pollinose vitta without pile, from lower margin of antennae to mouth edge; occiput densely covered with grey pollinosity and pale pile. Eyes covered with pale pile, longer than posterior ocellus. Eye contiguity about 14 facets long. Vertical triangle isosceles, covered with black pile (Fig. 2A), shiny, except for grey pollinosity at anterior angle. Ocellar triangle equilateral (Fig. 2B). Thorax (Figs 3, 4 A–B). Scutum black, with three narrow, central, pollinose vittae and two lateral, broad vittae; transverse suture conspicuously pollinose; scutum covered with pale pile, except for broad fascia of black pile between wing bases (the fascia has intermixed black and pale pile in some specimens) (Fig. 3); notopleural area covered with silverish pollinosity. Scutellum black, shiny, and covered with pale pile about as long as half of the width of scutellum (or longer); posterior margin of scutellum with pronounced rim. Wing hyaline with light brown veins, covered with microtrichia except for the basal parts of cells bm, r and r1; vein RS with a few short pile at the beginning of cell r2+3. Pleuron black and shiny, except for grey pollinosity on anepisternum, anepimeron and anterodorsal part of katepisternum; dorsal part of anterior anepisternum, posterior anepisternum, anterior anepimeron, dorsomedial anepimeron and anteroventral and posterodorsal parts of katepisternum covered with long pale pile, whereas the katatergum is covered with short sand-brown pile. Legs mostly black, except for yellow knees and basal half of tibiae; legs covered with yellow pile, except for a few black bristle-like pile on the apical part of the pro- and mesofemora; metatrochanter with small lamellar process; metafemur swollen and slightly curved, 2.5 times longer than wide; ventral margin of inner side of metafemur with a row of 4–5 robust black thorns, opposite to triangular process at apicoventral part of metafemur; a few slightly longer posteroventral and anteroventral pile on metafemur, shorter than half of the width of metafemur; ventral surface of metafemur with bare line lacking pile (Figs 4 A–B). Abdomen (Fig. 5A). Terga black and shiny, covered with pale pile; tergum 2 with a pair of triangular orange maculae; terga 2–4 with a pair of wide pollinose fasciae, slightly separated at the middle of terga; posterior margins of terga 3–4 with narrow pollinose fasciae (on tergum 2 poorly visible); sterna dark brown, covered with pale pile; posterior margin of sternum 4 simple, straight, without incisions. Male genitalia (Figs 6 A–B, 7A). Posterior surstyle lobe broad, with bulge on apical part, rectangular; anterior surstyle lobe rectangular, well developed, covered with dense short pile; cercus rectangular (Figs 6 A–B). Hypandrium Ushaped, with folded thecal ridge; lateral sclerite of aedeagus triangular, knife-shaped (Fig. 7A).</p><p>FEMALE (Figs 1 C–D, 2C–D, 5B). Similar to the male except for typical sexual dimorphism and for the following characters: basoflagellomere simple, without angular apex, oval, dark brown or reddish (in some specimens pedicel and scape are lighter brown), about 1.7 times longer than pedicel; outer fossette small, lacking inner fossette (Fig. 1 C–D); frons shiny, with broad pollinose vittae along eye margins (Fig. 2D); metatrochanter oval; terga 3–4 with mixed yellow and black pile, only yellow pile on pollinose fasciae (Fig. 5B).</p><p>Etymology. This species shares with those of the genus Eumerus the row of thorns along inner side of metafemur. The specific epithet ‘ eumerusi ’ indicates this similarity.</p><p>Distribution. Mountain ranges (ca. 1,400–2,500 m a.s.l.) in Tajikistan, Uzbekistan and Kyrgyzstan (Fig. 16).</p><p>Morphological characters with potential systematic value. This species possesses two unique characters among all other known Merodon species, which resemble morphological structures in some other genera of the tribe Merodontini ( Azpeytia, Eumerus, Lyneborgimyia, Megatrigon, and Platynochaetus): 1) a row of thorns on the inner side of metafemur (Fig. 4B) in both sexes, which are also present in all species from the genera Eumerus, Lyneborgimyia, Megatrigon and Platynochaetus; 2) male with large fossette on the outer side (Fig. 1B), similar to most species from the genera Eumerus and Megatrigon (but weakly defined in these two genera) (Fig. 1G), except for the E. tricolor group (sensu Chroni et al. 2017) that has a rounded centro-apical fossette (Fig. 1F); females have a dorsoapical fossette, with a shape similar to most other Merodon taxa (Figs 1 C–D, 1E).</p><p>A unique apomorphic character among all taxa from the tribe Merodontini is the fossette on the inner side of the basoflagellomere in males (Fig. 1A).</p><p>The presence of 1–4 fine pile (usually one) on the posterior side of the mesocoxa has been reported only in two taxa ( Merodon aurifer and M. eumerusi sp. n.) of the M. avidus-nigritarsis lineage. Other species of this lineage do not have pile on the posterior side of the mesocoxa.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FC1C7BFFE5087126E337E0FD6F4B59	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Vujić, Ante;Radenković, Snežana;Likov, Laura;Andrić, Andrijana;Gilasian, Ebrahim;Barkalov, Anatolij	Vujić, Ante, Radenković, Snežana, Likov, Laura, Andrić, Andrijana, Gilasian, Ebrahim, Barkalov, Anatolij (2019): Two new enigmatic species of the genus Merodon Meigen (Diptera: Syrphidae) from the north-eastern Middle East. Zootaxa 4555 (2): 187-208, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4555.2.2
03FC1C7BFFE2087826E33390FC074BA7.text	03FC1C7BFFE2087826E33390FC074BA7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Merodon mixtum Vujić & Radenković & Likov & Andrić & Gilasian & Barkalov 2019	<div><p>Merodon mixtum Vujić, Radenković et Likov sp. n.</p><p>Figs 8, 9, 10, 11A, 12 A–B, 13, 15</p><p>Type material. HOLOTYPE: Iran, ♂, pinned, in HMIM. Original label: “Iran, Golestan, Khanbebin, Shirabad, 80m, 5.vii.2001, Mofidi, Osten, Ebrahimi” . PARATYPES: Iran: 1♀, Golestan, Khanbebin, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=55.00186&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=36.98087" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 55.00186/lat 36.98087)">Shirabad</a>, 80m, 36° 58' 51.13"N 55° 00' 6.7"E, 5.vii.2001, Mofidi, Osten, Ebrahimi (HMIM) ; 1♂, Elburz Mountains, Mazandran, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=52.333332&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=36.383335" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 52.333332/lat 36.383335)">Haraz Chay river</a> valley, 22 km S of Amol, 400m, 36° 23'N 52° 20'E, 23–24.vii.1970, det. by Bankowska as M. trochantericus (NMPC) ; 2♀, Mazandaran, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=53.566666&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=36.716667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 53.566666/lat 36.716667)">Behshahr</a>, 36° 43'N, 53° 34'E, 25.vii.1970, det. by Bankowska as M. trochantericus (NMPC) .</p><p>Diagnosis. Based on the bent anterior surstyle lobe of the male genitalia (Fig. 13A) and the mesocoxa posteriorly having many long pile, this species belongs to the M. albifrons lineage. This species has a unique combination of characters on the legs, including: apomorphic modifications on pro- and mesotibiae and pro- and metafemora in males (Figs 10 A–D), less expressed in females (Fig. 15B); males with small thorn on the metatrochanter; ventral margin of metafemur undulating, with basal bulge and oval central process (Fig. 11A). Medium sized species (11–13mm), with vitta of black pile between wing bases. Tergum 4 with golden pilosity (Fig. 12A).</p><p>Description. MALE. Head (Figs 8 A–B). Antenna dark brown-reddish (Fig. 8A); basoflagellomere with medium-sized fossette at dorsal surface, 1.2 times longer than pedicel, acute at tip; arista light brown in basal half and darker at the tip, covered with pollinosity, about as long as basoflagellomere and pedicel together. Face and frons black, covered with yellow pile and dark grey pollinosity, except for shiny gena and upper and lower parts of mouth edge; occiput covered with dense grey pollinosity and with pale-yellow pile. Eyes densely covered with pale pile, about as long as posterior ocellus. Eye contiguity about 10 facets long. Vertex black, covered with yellow pile, except for ocellar triangle covered with long black pile; vertical triangle isosceles, covered with greyish pollinosity; ocellar triangle isosceles, posterior ocelli larger than anterior ocellus (Fig. 8B). Thorax (Figs 9, 10, 11A). Scutum black, with three narrow pollinose vittae; scutum mostly covered with pale-yellow pile, except for wide fascia of mixed yellow and black pile between wing bases (Fig. 9); posterior margin of scutum shiny. Scutellum black and shiny, covered with long pale-yellow pile, as long as half the width of scutellum or longer; posterior margin of scutellum with well-defined rim, lighter brown color compared to scutellum (Fig. 9A). Wings hyaline, mostly covered with microtrichia, except for basal part of cell r; vein RS with a few short pale pile at the beginning of cell r2+3; veins dark brown, haltere yellow-brown. Pleuron black; dorsal part of anterior anepisternum, posterior anepisternum, anterior anepimeron, dorsomedial anepimeron, posterior anepimeron and posterodorsal and anteroventral parts of katepisternum covered with long pale pile, whereas katatergum is covered with short brown pile. Femora black, except for yellow tip, tibiae yellow except for brown apical third of pro- and mesotibia and central part of metatibia; apical two tarsomeres black dorsally, whereas the other tarsomeres are yellow on all legs; legs covered with yellow pile, but pile on bulges of metafemur and on metatrochanter orange-red; metatrochanter with a small thorn-like process that is densely covered with short orange pile; apical third of pro- and mesotibia twisted (Figs 10 A–B); bulge located at middle third of pro- and mesofemora and in basal third of mesofemur; one large bulge basoventrally at the inner side and one acute bulge at basal half of metafemur, both covered with conspicuously orange-red pile (Figs 10, 11A); metafemur with bare line ventrally and with a row of orange-red pile opposite to triangular process at apicoventral part of metafemur. Abdomen (Fig. 12A). Terga mostly black; tergum 2 with a pair of yellow triangular maculae and yellow pile on lateral margins; tergum 3 with short black pile on dorsal surface and fascia of pale ones at posterior margin; terga 2 and 3 with a pair of triangular pollinose fasciae covered with yellow pile; tergum 4 entirely covered with short yellow-golden pile, and with a pair of connected pollinose fasciae in the middle of the tergum. Sterna 2–3 light brown, sterna 1 and 4 dark, all covered with pale pile; posterior margin of sternum 4 with rounded medial incision. Male genitalia (Figs 13 A–C). Posterior surstyle lobe broad, with parallel margins and rounded apex, curved interiorly (marked on Fig. 13B); anterior surstyle lobe bent inward, narrow, covered with dense short pile; cercus elongated (Figs 13 A–B). Hypandrium sickle-shaped; lateral sclerite of aedeagus well developed, hammer-shaped (Fig. 13C).</p><p>FEMALE (Figs 8 C–D, 15A–B). Similar to the male except for typical sexual dimorphism and for the following characters: frons shiny, with broad pollinose vittae along eye margins; ventral margin of antennae light brown (Figs 8 C–D); anterior half of scutum covered with pale- yellow pile; pro- and mesofemora with slight depression at apical end; metafemur simple except for barely visible bulge ventrally in the middle of the femur (Fig. 15B); pro- and mesotibiae with tooth in apical third and with black maculae basolaterally. Terga 4–5 with pale pollinose fasciae at posterior margin (Fig. 15A). Sterna dark, except for yellow sternum 2, posterior margin of sternum 4 and anterior half of sternum 3.</p><p>Etymology. The specific epithet ‘ mixtum ’ derives from the Latin adverb ‘ mixtim ’ meaning ‘in a mixed way’, since this species shows characters of different species groups.</p><p>Distribution. Mountainous area in northeast Iran (Fig. 16).</p><p>Morphological characters in common with different species groups of the albifrons lineage. Merodon albifrons + desuturinus lineage (sensu Vujić et al. 2012) is divided in two lineages, M. albifrons and M. desuturinus (Table 1). M. albifrons lineage contains six groups and two individual taxa (Table 1) with 64 species in total. Among these six groups, M. mixtum sp. n. shares some taxonomically important characters with four groups: M. constans, M. albifrons, M. geniculatus, and M. ruficornis .</p><p>Merodon mixtum sp. n. — Merodon constans group. The M. constans group is defined by the following combination of characters: medium to large-sized hoverflies (7–16 mm); tip of abdomen (or at least tergum 4) covered with golden to reddish-yellow pile (Figs 12 C-D); terga reddish to black; terga 2–4 (or at least tergum 4) with a pair of usually triangular pollinose fasciae (Figs 12 C–D); scutum often with black pile between wing bases; male usually with projections on metalegs (on apex of tibia and ventral margin of femur) (as on Fig. 11A).</p><p>The character that links Merodon mixtum sp. n. with all species belonging to the M. constans group is the golden pilosity on the top of the abdomen (tergite 4) (Fig. 12A). Some species of the M. constans group, such as M. caucasicus Portschinsky, possess a small thorn on the metatrochanter and exhibit a central bulge on the ventral side of the metafemur (Fig. 11E), similar to M. mixtum sp. n. Male genitalia of M. mixtum sp. n. (Fig. 13A) and M. caucasicus (Fig. 14B) are very similar in shape, especially in terms of the surstyle and cercus.</p><p>Merodon mixtum sp. n. — M. albifrons group. The M. albifrons group possesses the following combination of morphological features: medium-sized hoverflies (7–12 mm); terga at least partly reddish; terga 2–4 usually with a pair of pollinose fasciae; male without projections or thorns on metalegs, except for M. trochantericus Costa (Fig. 11C); characteristic thorn-like process on the posterior surstyle lobe of the male genitalia (Fig. 14C).</p><p>One representative of the Merodon albifrons group, M. trochantericus, is similar to M. mixtum sp. n. in having a similarly shaped posterior surstyle lobe (Fig. 14D), a small thorn on the metatrochanter (Fig. 11C), and a small basal bulge at the posterior margin of the metafemur (Fig. 11C).</p><p>Merodon mixtum sp. n. — M. geniculatus group. The following combination of characters distinguishes the M. geniculatus group from other groups within the M. albifrons lineage: tergum 2 with a pair of reddish lateral maculae; metatrochanter in males with a blunt thorn, usually covered with a tuft of pile (Fig. 11B); metatibia in apical third strongly curved, with broad tip; posterior surstyle lobe oval or triangular (Fig. 14E). All species of the M. geniculatus group have a well-defined thorn on the metatrochanter (Fig. 11B) that is similar in shape to that of M. mixtum sp. n. (Fig. 11A).</p><p>Merodon mixtum sp. n. — M. ruficornis group. The M. ruficornis group exhibits several synapomorphic characters, especially in terms of the structure of the metalegs in males (trochanter, femur and tibia of metaleg usually with processes, Fig. 11D). Furthermore, the posterior surstyle lobe of the male genitalia is characteristically hook-like (Fig. 14F). In females, tergum 4 has a transversal depression; terga are dark, except for tergum 2 with a pair of red-orange lateral maculae; terga 2–4 with a pair of white pollinose fasciae; tergum 5 with two small lateral depressions; and vertex at the level of the ocellar triangle is shiny black. Most species of the M. ruficornis group have a thorn on the metatrochanter and possess a central bulge at the ventral margin of the metafemur (Fig. 11D) that is similar in shape to that observed in M. mixtum sp. n. (Fig. 11A).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FC1C7BFFE2087826E33390FC074BA7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Vujić, Ante;Radenković, Snežana;Likov, Laura;Andrić, Andrijana;Gilasian, Ebrahim;Barkalov, Anatolij	Vujić, Ante, Radenković, Snežana, Likov, Laura, Andrić, Andrijana, Gilasian, Ebrahim, Barkalov, Anatolij (2019): Two new enigmatic species of the genus Merodon Meigen (Diptera: Syrphidae) from the north-eastern Middle East. Zootaxa 4555 (2): 187-208, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4555.2.2
