identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
03FD8791FF922571FEC96193B8F08AEF.text	03FD8791FF922571FEC96193B8F08AEF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Chelorchestia darwini (Müller 1864) Muller 1864	<div><p>Chelorchestia darwini (Müller, 1864) (Figs 1–3)</p><p>Orchestia darwini Müller, 1864: 16, fig. 7; 1869: 25, fig. 7; Ruffo, 1956: 120, fig. 3. Talorchestia darwini — Stebbing, 1906a: 545.</p><p>Chelorchestia darwini — Bousfield, 1984: 203.</p><p>Material examined. Alagoas — Mundaú Lagoon, Maceió, AL, 2 males, A. Lemos de Castro col., 02/VIII/1978, MNRJ 19502. Bahia ­ Jacuruna river, BA, 1 male, 30/XI/1978, MNRJ 19504. Rio de Janeiro — Guapimirim Mangrove (APA), Guapi river, Guapimirim, RJ, 6 females, 2 male juveniles and 2 males, C. Serejo &amp; A. de Souza col., 03/IV/2003, MNRJ 19508; Pedra de Guaratiba, RJ, mangrove, in Spartina sp., 2 females, 2 juveniles males and 1 male, Y. Wakabara col., VI/1997, MNRJ 19505; Gargaú mangrove, Campos, RJ, in Echornia sp., 1 male and 1 female, A. Bustamante col., 6–13/IX/2000, MNRJ 18745. São Paulo — Cananéia, Mangrove, 1 juvenile male, Y. Wakabara col., 14/IX/1981, MNRJ 15114; Cananéia Mangrove, A. S. Tararam col. VII/1988 to I/1989, 2 females, MNRJ 15075; 1 female, MNRJ 15076; 1 male and 4 females, MNRJ 15077; 1 juvenile male and 5 females, MNRJ 15079; 1 male, 3 juvenile males, and 10 females, MNRJ 15080; 1 juvenile male and 3 females, MNRJ 15082; 1 female, MNRJ 15083; 1 male and 2 females, MNRJ 15085; 1 female, MNRJ 15086. Paraná — Correias river, Paranaguá Bay, 25º31S 48º29W, PR, in mangrove, R. Bogrim, col., 1996, 1 female, MNRJ 17000; Boquerá river, Paranaguá Bay, 25º27S 48º32W, PR, 1 juvenile male, in mangrove, MNRJ 18744; Cachoeira river, Antonina Bay, 25º24S, 48º43W, PR, in mangrove, 1 male, MNRJ 19501; Cotinga Island, Paranaguá Bay, 25º32S, 48º26W, PR, 1 male juvenile, mangrove, MNRJ 19503; Corisco Island, Antonina Bay, 25º24S, 48º44W, PR, in mangrove, 1 female, MNRJ 19506; Guaramiranga de Dentro Island, Antonina Bay, 25º25S, 48º39W, mangrove, 1 female, MNRJ 19507.</p><p>Diagnosis. Antenna 2 reaching 2/5 of body length. Adult male gnathopod 2 chelate. Uropod 1, peduncle with inter­ramal robust seta; outer ramus lacking marginal setae.</p><p>Description. Male, 11.9 mm. Antenna 1 (Fig. 1 A) reaching 2/3 of peduncle article 4 of antenna 2. Antenna 2 slender (Fig. 1 A), reaching 2/5 of body length; article 5 of peduncle a little longer than article 4; first three articles of flagellum fused, flagellum with about 12 articles. Eyes large. Mandible with left lacinia mobilis 4­dentate, sometimes with minute fifth teeth; right lacinia bifid (Fig. 1 B–C). Maxilla 1, inner plate with two distal plumose setae; outer plate with 9 dentate robust setae, palp reduced and 1­articulate. Maxilla 2, inner plate with several distal setae and two larger proximal plumose seta, being one seta larger than the other; outer plate a little larger than inner plate. Palp of maxilliped robust and 4­articulate, fourth article strongly reduced (Fig. 1 D–E).</p><p>Gnathopod 1 (Fig. 1 F), merus posteriorly produced into a pointed process; carpus and propodus with well developed posterior lobe. Gnathopod 2 (Fig. 1 G), basis anterior margin with 0 to 3 tubercles, carpus fused with propodus, chelate in adult males. Pereopod 3 a little longer than pereopod 4, dactylus of pereopod 4 not thickened (Fig. 1 H–L). Pereopod 5 shorter than pereopods 6–7 (Fig. 2A–C). Pereopod 7 (Fig. 2C), coxa with antero­distal corner forming a right angle. Dactylus of pereopods 3–7 simplidactylate.</p><p>Uropod 1 (Fig. 2D), peduncle with distal lateral robust seta, inner ramus with three marginal robust setae; outer ramus lacking marginal setae. Uropod 2 (Fig. 2E), peduncle and rami subequal in length, each ramus with 2 marginal robust setae. Uropod 3 (Fig. 2F), peduncle with a long, robust, sub­distal seta; ramus about half of peduncle. Telson long, medial line poorly observed, each side with one or two lateral robust setae and one distal robust setae.</p><p>Female, 6.3 mm. Antenna 2 as in males, but flagellum without fused articles. Gnathopod 1 (Fig. 3 A) distinctly subchelate. Gnathopod 2 (Fig. 3 B), basis not expanded anteriorly; merus, carpus and propodus with tiny setae on posterior lobe, propodus oval. Oostegites 2–5 oval (Fig. 3 C–F), oostegites 2–4 about 3.5 times longer than wide, oostegite 5 a little shorter than others, about 2.5 times longer than wide.</p><p>Variation on male gnathopod 2. This appendage shows a great variation during the development of the specimen, that can make confusion in the identification within the genus Chelorchestia . The basis show anteroproximal tubercles varying from 0 to 3 (Figs. 1 G; 3G–H). Otherwise, the palm, which is transverse in early stages, has a medial strong concavity and the palmar corner develops into a process that will give a chelate appearance in adults male gnathopod 2 (Fig. 1 G, 3H). In some specimens (8.5 mm) (Fig. 3 G), there are two shallow concavities and the palmar process bears two rounded humps.</p><p>Remarks. Bousfield (1984) erected the genus Chelorchestia for one of the talitrid groups that inhabit mainly tropical mangrove and Spartina marshes or other low salinity habitats. Besides C. darwini, three other species of the genus are known: C. costaricana (Stebbing, 1906) from mangrove swamps of Costa Rica; C. vaggala (Bowman, 1977) from the Galapagos Island; and the recently described C. forceps Smith &amp; Heard, 2001 from southeastern coast of United States. Chelorchestia darwini was originally briefly described by Fritz Müller (1864) in his notable work in defense of Darwin evolutionary theory. Fritz Müller lived and worked in Desterro, nowadays Florianópolis, the capital of Santa Catarina state. In the time Müller was in Brazil (from 1852 until 1897) he also worked as a naturalist for the Museu Nacional, Rio de Janeiro. Unfortunately, no type material was deposited at the Museu Nacional, and there is no information where these types may be deposited. Taking this into account, C. darwini is herein redescribed and compared with other species of the genus. Ruffo (1956) also redescribed C. darwini with material from Cananéia, São Paulo, Brazil. However, Ruffo (1956) found only males with gnathopod 2 of type B (Fig. 3 G), and suggested that these specimens could be possible juveniles of a latter mature male stage with gnathopod 2 of type A (Fig. 3 H). Müller (1869) also noticed the same variations on male gnathopod 2 (Fig. 3 I, J), and also concluded that both forms belong to the same species, as the females did not vary. In this study, I found samples with females and only males type A, even examining material from Cananéia, and never found sympatric males of both types. Besides the notable difference of the gnathopod 2, the antenna 2 is longer in specimens with gnathopod 2 type B, reaching half of body length, suggesting that these are two distinct species. However, I prefer wait to examine more material, especially females corresponding to male type B, before making changes to the species taxonomy.</p><p>Chelorchestia forceps is a similar species to C. darwini . Characters that could be useful to distinguish these species, as the number of tubercles on basis of male gnathopod 2, and the number of robust setae on the telson, showed variation in the examined specimens. The single clear distinction between C. forceps and C. darwini is the presence in the former of two robust setae, one dorsal and one ventral, at the articulation of propodus and dactylus of pereopods 3–4. Chelorchestia darwini has two long setae dorsally and one robust setae ventrally (Fig. 1 I, L) in this position. Comparison between material of C. forceps and C. darwini would elucidate better the status of these taxa, which maybe synonyms.</p><p>The other two species of Chelorchestia, C. vaggala and C. costaricana are distinguished from C. darwini as follows: the male gnathopod 2 of C. vaggala is subchelate with a transverse palm (Bowman, 1977) and C. costaricana has a long antenna 2, reaching more than half of body length and a longer propodus of male gnathopod 2, about twice as long as wide (Stebbing, 1906b). For more comments on the genus see Smith and Heard (2001).</p><p>Type locality. Brazil, possibly Santa Catarina.</p><p>Distribution. Brazil: from Alagoas to Santa Catarina.</p><p>Ecology. Found in mangrove and estuarine areas, on mud or on the vegetation. In same areas this species lives in sympatry with Platorchestia monodi and the identification of the females may be confuse (see key).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FD8791FF922571FEC96193B8F08AEF	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Serejo, Cristiana S.	Serejo, Cristiana S. (2004): Talitridae (Amphipoda, Gammaridea) from the Brazilian coastline. Zootaxa 646: 1-29, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.158648
03FD8791FF94257EFEC964F6BEED88F0.text	03FD8791FF94257EFEC964F6BEED88F0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Atlantorchestoidea	<div><p>Atlantorchestoidea gen nov.</p><p>Diagnosis. Male antenna 2 not incrassate, peduncle article 4 about half length of article 5. Left lacinia mobilis 4­dentate. Coxae 2–4 deeper than wide with distinct posterior process. Pereopod 5 shorter than pereopods 6–7, anterior margin of carpus with 3–4 long truncated robust setae, dactylus robust and short, distinct of that of pereopods 6–7. Pleopods 1–3 uniramous, strongly reduced and decreasing in size, each ramus 1­articulate. Ramus of uropod 3 about 1.7 times peduncle length. Telson wider than long and with a pair of robust setae on each margin.</p><p>Type species. Orchestia (Talitrus) brasiliensis Dana, 1853 (by monotypy).</p><p>Remarks. Within the sandhoppers, Atlantorchestoidea gen. nov. is similar to Orchestoidea and Pseudorchestoidea as follows: peduncle of male antenna 2 not incrassate; left lacinia mobilis 4­dentate; and male and female gnathopod 1 simple. The new genus has also other similarities to Orchestoidea such as coxae 2–4 deeper than wide; coxa 6 with a deep posterior lobe; telson wider than long, distally rounded; and basis of female gnathopod 2 not or little expanded. Atlantorchestoidea can be distinguished from these two genera by the characteristic robust anterior setae on carpus of pereopod 5; and the highly modified pleopods 1–3, which are reduced, uniramous, with each ramus 1­articulate. Compiled information on morphological distinctions between these three genera are given in Table 1.</p><p>Etymology. The generic name, Atlantorchestoidea, is a combination of Atlantic and Orchestoidea .</p><p>Characters Orchestoidea Pseudorchetoidea Atlantorchestoidea gen. nov.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FD8791FF94257EFEC964F6BEED88F0	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Serejo, Cristiana S.	Serejo, Cristiana S. (2004): Talitridae (Amphipoda, Gammaridea) from the Brazilian coastline. Zootaxa 646: 1-29, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.158648
03FD8791FF9B257BFEC9633EBEAE8B8F.text	03FD8791FF9B257BFEC9633EBEAE8B8F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Atlantorchestoidea brasiliensis (Dana 1853) Dana 1853	<div><p>Atlantorchestoidea brasiliensis (Dana, 1853) (Figs. 4–6)</p><p>Orchestia (Talitrus) brasiliensis Dana, 1853: 857, pl. 57, fig. 2a–g.</p><p>Orchestoidea Brasiliensis — Bate, 1862: 13, pl 2, fig. 4.</p><p>Orchestoidea brasiliensis — Stebbing, 1906a: 529; Schellenberg, 1938: 209, fig 3; Oliveira, 1953: 335, figs. 13–14.</p><p>" Orchestoidea " brasiliensis — Bousfield, 1982: 24; 44.</p><p>Pseudorchestoidea brasiliensis — Cardoso &amp; Veloso, 1996: 111; Gomez &amp; Defeo, 1999: 209; Cardoso, 2002, 167.</p><p>Material examined. Rio Grande do Norte — Between Barreira d'água beach and Roxa beach, Natal, RN, 1 female, 27/I/1964, MNRJ 10921. Rio de Janeiro ­ Itaúna beach, Saquarema, RJ, 53 females and 12 males, C. Serejo &amp; P.S. Young col., 02/IV/1999, MNRJ 18736; Grande beach, Arraial do Cabo, RJ, 4 males and 4 females, 102/ VII/1993, MNRJ 9791; Conchas beach, Cabo Frio, RJ, 6 males, 10 females, W. Zwink &amp; L.F. Reis col., IV/ 1985, MNRJ 9747; Prainha beach, RJ, 1 male and 7 females, 09/X/1992, MNRJ 14451; Urca Beach, Guanabara Bay, RJ, 4 males and 13 females, M. S. Leite col., X/1990, MNRJ 9796; Parnaioca beach, Ilha Grande, Angra dos Reis, RJ, 12 males and 8 females, A. Rezende col., 3/VIII/2002, MNRJ 18738. São Paulo — São Sebastião, SP, 2 males, 21/VI/ 1960, MNRJ 9789. Santa Catarina — Campeche beach, Florianópolis, SC, 45 males and 4 females, P.S. Young &amp; C. Serejo col., 14/II/1999, MNRJ 18737; Itacoarinha beach, SC, 1 male and 2 females, N. Magalhães col., 23/II/2002, MNRJ 18450.</p><p>Diagnosis. as given for the genus.</p><p>Description. Male, 11.9 mm. Eyes large. Antenna 1 reaching half way of article 4 of antenna 2, flagellum with 3 articles. Male antenna 2 not incrassate, peduncle article 4 about half length of article 5, flagellum with about 17 articles (Fig. 4 A). Mandible with left lacinia mobilis 4­dentate (Fig. 4 B), right lacinia with two minutely dentate plates. Maxilla 1, inner plate with two distal plumose setae; outer plate with 9 dentate robust setae, palp reduced and 1­articulate. Maxilla 2, inner plate with several distal setae and a larger proximal plumose seta; outer plate a little larger than inner plate. Maxilliped palp 3­articulate, article 2 with setose medio­distal inner lobe (Fig. 4 C).</p><p>Gnathopod 1 (Fig. 4 D) simple and setose, carpus and propodus lacking posterior lobe. Gnathopod 2 (Fig. 4 E) robust and sexually dimorphic, palm straight and oblique, bearing robust setae. Coxa 2–4 (Fig. 4 E–G) deeper than wide with distinct posterior process. Pereopods 3–7 cuspidactylate, cusps elongate. Pereopod 4 shorter than pereopod 3, dactylus slightly crenellated (Fig. 4 G). Pereopod 5 (Fig. 5 A) much shorter than pereopods 6–7, reaching half way of merus of pereopod 6; anterior margin of carpus with 3–4 long truncated robust setae, dactylus robust and short, distinct of that of pereopods 6–7. Posterior lobe of coxa 6 rounded and very long. Pereopod 6 a little shorter than pereopod 7 (Fig. 5 B, C). Pleopod 1–3 reduced, uniramous, each ramus 1­articulate (Fig. 5 D–F). Peduncle of pleopod 1 about 2.5 times longer than ramus, ramus with marginal and distal robust setae. Peduncle of pleopod 2 about 3.3 times longer than ramus. Peduncle of pleopod 3 robust, about 3.2 times longer than ramus, ramus with a single distal setae. Uropod 1 (Fig. 5 G), rami with 3 marginal and 4 robust distal setae. Uropod 2 (Fig. 5 H), outer ramus shorter than inner ramus, rami bearing robust setae. Uropod 3 (Fig. 5 I), peduncle with one distal seta, ramus about 1.7 times the peduncle, with 4 marginal and 2 distal robust setae. Telson (Fig. 5 J) wider than long, distally rounded, each side with 2 marginal robust setae.</p><p>Female, 11.8 mm. Antenna 2 as in males, although flagellum has 13–14 articles. Gnathopod 1 simple (Fig. 6 A). Gnathopod 2 (Fig. 6 B) mitten shaped, basis not enlarged. Oostegites 2–5 oval and broad (Fig. 6 C–F).</p><p>Type locality. Rio de Janeiro harbor.</p><p>Distribution. Brazil: Rio Grande do Norte.</p><p>Ecology. Commonly found in the supra­littoral of exposed beaches on the wrack or usually hidden under the sand at daytime. Ovigerous females and juveniles are found thoughout the year, indicating a continuous reproductive cycle for this species (Cardoso &amp; Veloso, 1996).</p><p>Remarks. Atlantorchestoidea brasiliensis is one of the endemic species of sandhoppers found on the Brazilian coastline. It was originally described by Dana (1853) from the Rio de Janeiro harbor, who illustrated the unmodified dactylus of pereopod 5 and did not mentioned the modifications on pleopods 1–3. Later, Schellenberg (1938) redescribed this species with material from Recife, Pernambuco. This author not only depicted the modified pereopod 5 with blunt anterior setae on carpus and robust dactylus and reduced pleopods 1–3, but also pointed these characters as important modifications for the habit of digging in sand. Actually, the highly reduced pleopods 1–3 of A. brasiliensis with the loss of the swimming and respiratory current functions of these appendages indicate the adaptation of this species to a semi­terrestrial life style. A trend toward reduction of pleopods is well documented for landhoppers (Friend &amp; Richardson, 1986), although it is not commonly observed in sandhoppers. Oliveira (1953) also redescribed this species with material from Cabo Frio, Maricá, and Marambaia, all from Rio de Janeiro state, but still did not mention some important taxonomic details of A. brasiliensis . The material observed agrees with previous descriptions.</p><p>Since Bate (1862), this species has been allocated in Orchestoidea . Some years ago, material of A. brasiliensis was sent by Dr. Yoko Wakabara (Universidade de São Paulo) to Dr. Bousfield (Canadian Museum of Nature) for identification. He identified this species as Pseudorchestoidea brasiliensis, a name that has been used in some recent ecological works (Cardoso &amp; Veloso, 1996; Gomez &amp; Defeo, 1999; Cardoso, 2002). Different from his identification, Bousfield (1982: 45) has stated previously that " Orchestoidea " brasiliensis should be placed in a monotypic genus because of its distinctive pereopod 5, structures of gills, pleopods and uropods. However, no formal change was made in the literature, and this species definitely does not belong to Pseudorchestoidea . Taking this into account, a new genus is proposed herein for this species as discussed above.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FD8791FF9B257BFEC9633EBEAE8B8F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Serejo, Cristiana S.	Serejo, Cristiana S. (2004): Talitridae (Amphipoda, Gammaridea) from the Brazilian coastline. Zootaxa 646: 1-29, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.158648
03FD8791FF9E2562FEC964A4BE178C7F.text	03FD8791FF9E2562FEC964A4BE178C7F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Platorchestia monodi (Mateus, Mateus & Afonso 1986) Mateus, Mateus & Afonso 1986	<div><p>Platorchestia monodi (Mateus, Mateus &amp; Afonso, 1986) (Figs 7–10)</p><p>Orchestia monodi Mateus, Mateus &amp; Afonso, 1986: 100: figs. 1–7.</p><p>Orchestia platensis — Oliveria, 1953: 329, figs. 10–12; Soares, 1979: 98.</p><p>Platorchestia platensis (Kroyer, 1845) forma monodi (Mateus, Mateus &amp; Afonso, 1986) — Stock &amp; Biernbaum, 1994: 796, fig. 1.</p><p>Platorchestia monodi — Morino &amp; Ortal, 1995: 825, figs. 1–3; Stock, 1996: 150, figs. 2–4 (part).</p><p>Material examined. Paraíba — Cabedelo Harbor, PB, 9 males and 17 females, I/1964, MNRJ 9762. Pernambuco — Maria Farinha, Paulista, in mangrove, PE, 4 females, 31/ VII/1985, MNRJ 9790. Alagoas ­ Mundaú Lagoon, Maceió, AL, 1 male and 2 females, A. Lemos de Castro col., 2/VIII/1978, MNRJ 10841. Espírito Santo — Santa Cruz, ES, 6 males and 30 females, A. Lemos de Castro col., 19/I/1973, MNRJ 9758; Barra de Itabapoana, ES, 2 males and 3 females, A. Lemos de Castro and B. dos Prazeres col., 7/XI/1973, MNRJ 9768. Rio de Janeiro — Rodrigo de Freitas Lagoon, RJ, 6 males and 9 females, C. Serejo col., 25/V/2002, MNRJ 18448; Guaíba Island, Mangaratiba, RJ, 12 males, 35 females, 24/VII/2002, MNRJ 18443; Mambucaba, RJ, A. Lemos de Castro &amp; B. dos Prazeres col., 16/XII/1974, MNRJ 9759. São Paulo — Cananéia, Arrozal, SP, 13 females, A. S. Tararam col., X/1988 to I/1989, MNRJ 15074; 2 females, MNRJ 15078; 1 female, MNRJ 15081; 2 males, MNRJ 15084; 1 female, MNRJ 19108; Iguape, SP, 5 males and 16 femlaes, Y. Wakabara col, 19/VII/1985, MNRJ 15126. Paraná — Fortaleza beach, Ilha do Mel, PR, 50 males, 65 females, C. Serejo and P. Young col., 04/II/1999, MNRJ 18442; Pontal do Sul beach, PR, 1 male and 17 females, C. Serejo and P. S Young col., 3/II /18445, MNRJ 18445. Santa Catarina — Caieria beach, Florianópolis, SC, 6 males and 45 females, C. Serejo &amp; P. Young col., 16/II/1999, MNRJ 18440; Brava beach, Camboriú, SC (near river estuary), 1 male, C. Serejo and P.S. Young col., 18/II/1999, MNRJ 18441; Porto Belo, SC, 100 specimens, 28/XI/1987, MNRJ 9765.</p><p>Comparative type material. " Orchestia platensis Kr., Montevideo. 13/12 40. Beslemte oj opstill. af Kroyer. Silbert hans Anj. Exemplares". Lectotype, 1 male, 12.3 mm, ZMUC 8221; Paralectotypes, 1 male, 6.8 mm; 1 female, 7.6 mm; 7 damage specimens, ZMUC 7803.</p><p>Diagnosis. Male gnathopod 1 subchelate, dactylus cuspidactylate and shorter than palm. Male gnathopod 2 palm with very shallow medial concavity. Posterior lobe of coxa 6, antero­distal corner with or without distinct process. Male pereopod 7 merus and carpus not expanded. Oostegite 5 posterior margin with the same number of setae of anterior margin. Uropod 3, peduncle and ramus subequal in length. Telson emarginated, each side with two pairs of robust setae on lateral margin and 3 distal robust setae.</p><p>Description. Male, 12.8 mm. Antenna 1 reaching the end of article 4 of peduncle of antenna 2, flagellum with about 6 articles. Antenna 2 with peduncle incrassate, flagellum with about 14 articles (Fig. 7 A). Mandible with left lacinia mobilis 5­dentate. Maxilla 1, inner plate with two distal plumose setae; outer plate with 9 dentate robust setae, palp reduced and 1­articulate. Maxilla 2, inner plate with several distal setae and a robust proximal plumose seta; outer plate a little larger than inner plate. Maxilliped palp 3­articulate and densely setose, article 2 with medio­distal inner lobe, medial robust setae absent.</p><p>Gnathopod 1 subchelate (Fig. 7 B, C), carpus and propodus with well­developed postero­distal lobe, dactylus cuspidactylate and shorter than palm. Gnathopod 2 robust (Fig. 7 D), palm with several robust setae and a very shallow medial concavity, dactylus not attenuated distally. Coxa 2–4 about as wide as deep, with well developed posterior process (Fig. 7 D–F). Pereopod 4 distinctly shorter than pereopod 3; carpus about 2X longer than wide; dactylus thickened (Fig. 7 F). Pereopod 5 (Fig. 7 G) slightly longer than half of pereopod 6, pereopods 6–7 subequal in length (Fig. 8 A, B). Posterior lobe of coxa 6 with a 90º antero­ventral angle, antero­distal process absent (Brazilian population). Pereopod 6, basis oval (Fig. 8 A). Pereopod 7 not sexually dimorphic, basis rounded; merus and carpus not expanded (Fig. 8 B). Coxal gills 2–6 simple or slightly convoluted, gills 2 and 6 larger than gills 3–5.</p><p>Pleopods 1–3 similar and not reduced, rami subequal in length and slightly shorter than peduncle. Peduncle of pleopod 1 lacking setae; pleopods 2 peduncle with 4–5 medial robust setae; pleopod 3 peduncle with 4–5 sub­distal robust setae and 2 proximal robust setae. Uropod 1 inner ramus, inner margin with 5 robust setae and outer margin with 4 robust setae; outer ramus lacking marginal setae (Fig. 8 C). Uropod 2 (Fig. 8 D) outer ramus with one marginal robust seta. Uropod 3 (Fig. 8 E), peduncle and ramus subequal in length, peduncle with 3 to 4 sub­distal robust setae, ramus with marginal and distal setae. Telson (Fig. 8 F) longer than wide, emarginated and with a distinct medial line, each side with two pairs of robust setae on lateral margin and 3 distal robust setae.</p><p>Female, 8.5 mm. Peduncle of antenna 2 not incrassate. Gnathopod 1 (Fig. 9 A) minutely subchelate. Gnathopod 2 (Fig. 9 B), basis enlarged. Coxal gill 2 as long as gnathopod 2 basis. Oostegites 2–5 oval (Fig. 9 C–F). Oostegites 2–4 long and slender, about 4 times longer than wide, with 9–11 marginal setae; oostegite 5 shorter, about 2.5 times longer than wide, with 4–5 setae, posterior margin with the same number of setae of the anterior margin.</p><p>Variation. The medial concavity present in the palm of male gnathopod 2 is variable according with the development of the specimens. Juveniles observed (7.3 to 10 mm) do not present this concavity.</p><p>Type locality. Azores Island, Atlantic Ocean.</p><p>Distribution. Mid­Atlatic Islands: Azores, Ascension, Madeira; Western Atlantic: Guadeloupe (West Indies); West Florida and Charleston, USA (Biernbaum &amp; Stock, 1994; Stock, 1996); Negev Desert, Israel (Morino &amp; Ortal, 1995). Records from Madeira and Guadeloupe are as P. platensis, although Stock (1996) considered them as possible P. m o n ­ odi. Careful examination of material from these areas is needed for confirmation of the above records.</p><p>Ecology. Found on the sea shore of Azores and Brazilian coast. Prefer protected beaches and can be found in estuarine areas and mangroves. Some authors found this species on inland areas on altitudes of 762–792 m (Stock, 1996) and near springs and wells (Morino &amp; Ortal (1995).</p><p>Remarks. Bousfield (1982) erected the genus Platorchestia, including 5 species from North Pacific, and P. platensis, considered a nearly cosmopolitan species along tropicaltemperate coastlines. Nowadays, the genus includes 13 described species (Table 2), although the generic status of some species has been questioned, especially within the terrestrial taxa (Jo, 1988; Richardson, 1991). Among these, there are three Atlantic sibling species that needs careful examination for an accurate identification. These are P. platensis originally described from Montevideo, Uruguay, P. monodi from warm­temperate and subtropical zones of the Atlantic Ocean, and P. aschmoleorum Stock, 1996 from low­latitude zones of St. Helena Island (Stock, 1996). Jo (1988) observed the cuspidactylate male gnathopod 1 to distinguished P. platensis from other similar species within the genus. Only three species within Platorchestia has a cuspidactylate male gnathopod 1, P. platensis, P. monodi, and P munmui Jo (1988) . For distinguishing these three species see key bellow.</p><p>As discussed by Stock &amp; Biernbaum (1994) and Stock (1996) the distinction of P. platensis and P. monodi are sometimes quite difficult to observe, mainly because most of the characters used are age dependent. Thus, the syntype series of P. platensis was examined, a lectotype designated and compared with the Brazilian material (Fig. 10 A–D). The diagnostic character pointed out by Jo (1988) for P. platensis as the cuspidactylate gnathopod 1, and posterior lobe of coxa 6 with antero­distal lobe was confirmed. The sexual dimorphism on male antenna 2 and pereopod 7 was also observed (Fig. 10 A, E). The presence of one or two notches on the palm of male gnathopod 2 has been used to diagnostic P. platensis (Jo, 1988; Stock &amp; Biernbaum, 1994). The lectotype (12.3 mm) showed a sinuous palm, without a definite notch, although this character seems to be extremely variable within the development of general talitrids and its use as diagnostic should be carefully applied. The Brazilian material has the palm of gnathopod 2 with a shallow medial notch and also more robust setae when compared with P. platensis lectotype. Also, the former lacks the process on antero­distal corner of coxa 6 (present in P. p l a t e n s i s) and carpus of male pereopod 7 is not expanded. Specimens observed by Oliveira (1953) from Guanabara Bay, RJ also do not have pereopod 7 expanded, suggesting that his material might be P. monodi or a juvenile form of P. p l a t e n s i s.</p><p>The Brazilian specimens agrees with the original description of P. monodi Mateus et al. (1986) in general aspects, except that the former has the antero­distal corner of posterior lobe of coxa 6 without process (vs. with process). Distinction from Stocks (1996) material was noticed on the female gnathopod 2 with gill as long as the basis (vs. half size of basis). Comparing with material from Israel (Morino &amp; Ortal, 1995), they also described coxa 6 posterior lobe without process, although the maxilliped palp article 2 lacks robust setae (vs. present or absent), and male antenna 2 is well­incrassate (vs. slightly incrassate).</p><p>This is the first record of P. monodi from the Brazilian coast.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FD8791FF9E2562FEC964A4BE178C7F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Serejo, Cristiana S.	Serejo, Cristiana S. (2004): Talitridae (Amphipoda, Gammaridea) from the Brazilian coastline. Zootaxa 646: 1-29, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.158648
03FD8791FF87256FFEC962DCB8928C87.text	03FD8791FF87256FFEC962DCB8928C87.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Talorchestia	<div><p>“ Talorchestia ” tucurauna (Müller, 1864) (Figs 11–13)</p><p>Orchestia tucurauna Müller, 1864: 54; 1869: 79, figs 50–51 [also printed as O. tucuratinga]; Stebbing, 1906: 534; Chilton, 1919: 379, figs 1–14 (= Talorchestia dentata (Filhol, 1885) non Muller, 1864).</p><p>Talorchestia fritzi — Schellenberg, 1938: 211 (non T. fritzi of Stebbing, 1903).</p><p>Material examined. Rio Grande do Norte — Rocas Atoll, Farol Island, RN, 87 males, 100 females, S. Brandão et al. col., 10/VII/2001, MNRJ 18739; Golfinhos Bay, Pipa, RN, 7 males, 3 females, C. Serejo &amp; M.C. Rayol col, 11/11/2001, MNRJ 18741; Between Barreira d'agua beach and Roxa beach, Natal, RN, 1 male and 1 female, 27/I/1964, MNRJ 18740. Pernambuco — Jaguaribe, Itamaracá Island, PE, 13 males and 40 females, 12/IX/ 1976, MNRJ 9770. Alagoas — Graça Torta beach, Maceió, AL, 1 male, 2 females, 06/III/ 1980, MNRJ 4646. Bahia — Yemanjá beach, Caravelas, BA, 25 males, 60 females, P.S. Young col., 21/IX/2001, MNRJ 18742; Rio do Peixe beach, Cumuruxatiba, Prado, BA, 18 males, 70 females, P.S. Young, col. 16/IV/2003, MNRJ 18746. Rio de Janeiro — São João da Barra, RJ, 4 males, A. Lemos de Castro col. 31/X/1973, MNRJ 9766; Barra do Una, Búzios, RJ, V. Veloso col. 2/IV/2003, MNRJ 19141.</p><p>“ Talorchestia ” tucurauna (Müller, 1864), male, 9.2 mm, MNRJ 18739. A, head; B, gnathopod 1; C, ventral view of coxa 1; D, gnathopod 2; E, pereopod 3; F, pereopod 4. Scale bars: A, 1 mm; B–E, 0.5 mm; F, 0.2 mm.</p><p>Diagnosis. Male antenna 2 with articles 4–5 long and slender, article 5 slightly longer than article 4. Male gnathopod 2, propodus about 1/4 longer than wide, palm with a large proximal concavity that fits in a projection of the dactylus. Female gnathopod 2, basis enlarged anteriorly, propodus posteriorly rounded. Outer ramus of uropod 1 with marginal robust setae. Telson slightly cleft.</p><p>Description. Male, 9.2 mm. Antenna 1 reaching half way of article 4 of peduncle of antenna 2, flagellum with 5 articles. Antenna 2, peduncle long and slender, article 5 slightly longer than article 4, article 4 about 4 times longer than wide, article 5 about 5 times longer than wide; flagellum with 24 articles (Fig. 11A). Mandible with left lacinia mobilis 5­dentate; right lacinia mobilis bifid. Maxilla 1, inner plate with two distal plumose setae; outer plate with 9 dentate robust setae, palp reduced and 1­articulate. Maxilla 2, inner plate with several distal setae and a larger proximal plumose seta; outer plate a little larger than inner plate. Maxilliped palp robust, 3­articulate, article 2 with well developed inner setose distal lobe.</p><p>Gnathopod 1 subchelate (Fig. 11B), coxa 1 with a ventral groove, inner margin tipped with slender setae (Fig. 11C), carpus and propodus with well developed posterior lobe. Gnathopod 2 robust and sexually dimorphic (Fig. 11D), palm with a large proximal concavity that fits in a projection of the dactylus. Pereopod 4 a little shorter than pereopod 3, dactylus enlarged (Fig. 11E, F). Dactylus of pereopods 3–7 cuspidactylate. Pereopods 5–7 increasing in length (Fig. 12 A–C). Posterior lobe of coxa 6 rounded, about 1.7 the length of anterior lobe. Pleopods not modified. Uropods 1–2 with robust setae on peduncles and rami (Fig. 12 D, E). Peduncle of uropod 3 a little longer than ramus (Fig. 12 F). Telson longer than wide, slightly cleft distally, each side with 8–9 sub­marginal and marginal robust setae (Fig. 12 G).</p><p>Female, 9.5 mm Antenna 2 (Fig. 13 A), peduncle articles 4–5 not so long as in males, article 4 about 3 times longer than wide and article 5 about 4 times longer than wide. Gnathopod 1 simple (Fig. 13 B). Gnathopod 2 (Fig. 13 C), basis enlarged anteriorly, propodus posteriorly rounded. Oostegites 2–5 oval shaped and slightly tapering distally, oostegite 5 a little shorter than the others (Fig. 13 D–G).</p><p>Type locality. Brazil, probably Santa Catarina.</p><p>Distribution. Brazil: from Rio Grande do Norte to?Santa Catarina, including Rocas Atoll (03º 52' S; 033º 48' W), an oceanic Island distant about 70 km off the Rio Grande do Norte coast.</p><p>Ecology. Often inhabiting exposed sand­beaches, found together with Atlantorchestoidea brasiliesis at Rio de Janeiro. This is the single species that colonized the Rocas Atoll.</p><p>Remarks. Müller (1864) briefly described and illustrated T. tucurauna, which makes its identification a little uncertain. As mentioned before, Mullers types are probably lost and material from the possible type locality, Santa Catarina, have not been found. For these reasons, the necessity of describing a neotype is still needed.</p><p>Compared with the observed material, the gnathopod 2 propodus illustrated by Müller (1869) is slightly more rounded (Figs. 11D and 13I). Furthermore, Müller (1869) described a sexual dimorphism in old males (fusion of 1 to 4 first articles in the flagellum of antenna 2 and the enlargement of intermediary articles of pereopod 7), which was not observed in the present material.</p><p>Talorchestes tucurauna resembles T. fritzi Stebbing (1903), which was described originally for the Pacific coast of Costa Rica. Stebbing (1903) commented on the similarities of these species as the palm of gnathopod 2 bearing a proximal excavation, and a corresponding prominence of the dactylus that fits in this excavation. Stebbing (1903) also noticed some distinctions between T. fritzi and T. tucurauna, as the propodus of male gnathopod 2 is 2/5 longer than wide, and not 1/4 to 1/5 longer than wide; the female gnathopod 2, basis has a sinuous anterior margin, not anteriorly rounded; carpus and propodus are distinctly narrower than in T. tucurauna, and the propodus has a sinuous posterior margin, not rounded.</p><p>Shoemaker (1932), who worked with Costa Rica samples, also noticed the similarities between T. fritzi and T. tucurauna, but as the description of the latter did not have the condition of female gnathopod 1, he just suggested a possible synonymy between these taxa. Schellenberg (1938), who worked with material from the northeastern Brazilian coast, identified it as T. fritzi . However, Schellenberg's specimens are clearly T. tucurauna by the shape of propodus of male gnathopod 2 (1/4 longer than wide) and by the carpus and propodus of female gnathopod 2 not elongated as in T. fritzi . Furthermore, Schellenberg (1938) described the characteristic development of male gnathopod 2 in this species.</p><p>Genus status. The concept of Talorchestia as applied by Stebbing (1906a), "like Orchestia, except that female gnathopod 1 is simple, instead of subchelate. Pereopod 2 [actually pereopod 4] usually has the inner margin of the finger more sharply constricted than in allied genera" is brief and difficult to apply in a modern concept when compared to other genera (Hurley, 1956). Considering these points, Morino &amp; Miyamoto (1988) and later on Miyamoto &amp; Morino (1999) redefined Talorchestia, including the type species T. gracilis Dana, 1852, and other three species of the tropical Pacific spinipalma ­complex. “ Talorchestia ” tucurauna differs from this new definition of Talorchestia by palm of male gnathopod 1 being longer than dactylus, female gnathopod 2 without constriction on the distal end of carpus, and uropod 1 outer ramus has robust setae. Thus, T. tucurauna is part of the Talorchestia s.l complex, which has not been fully revised yet. Bellan­Santini &amp; Ruffo (1991) had the same problem with the new species “ Talorchestia ” ungolinii described from the Mediterranean Sea. Later on, Tafani et al. (2004) proposed a revision based on mitochondrial DNA on the Mediterranean Talorchestia s.l species. Based on this analysis, a preliminary diagnosis of two new genera were proposed by Ruffo in Tafani et al. (2004), but none of these would comprise the Brazilian species. A currently study with Australian coastal talitrids with a further revision within the Talorchestia s.l complex is being prepared (Serejo in prep.).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FD8791FF87256FFEC962DCB8928C87	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Serejo, Cristiana S.	Serejo, Cristiana S. (2004): Talitridae (Amphipoda, Gammaridea) from the Brazilian coastline. Zootaxa 646: 1-29, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.158648
03FD8791FF8A256CFEC9615EBF3C8D1F.text	03FD8791FF8A256CFEC9615EBF3C8D1F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Platorchestia	<div><p>Key to the Brazilian coastline talitrid species and some sibling species within Platorchestia</p><p>1. Male gnathopod 1 simple; pereopod 5 with 3–4 very robust round­tipped setae on anterior margin of carpus, dactylus thick and distinct from the others; pleopods 1–3 reduced, uniramous ............................... Atlantorchestoidea brasiliensis (Dana, 1853)</p><p>­ Male gnathopod 1 subchelate; pereopod 5 with pointed­tipped robust setae on anterior margin of carpus, dactylus not thickened, similar to the others; pleopods 1–3 not</p><p>reduced, biramous ........................................................................................................ 2 2. Female gnathopod 1 simple; palm of male gnathopod 2 with a well developed proximal concavity and a corresponding process on the dactylus; dorsal margin of outer ramus of uropod 1 with robust setae ............. “ Talorchestia ” tucurauna (Müller, 1864)</p><p>­ Female gnathopod 1 subchelate (palm short); palm of male gnathopod 2 not as above; outer ramus of uropod 1 lacking marginal robust setae .............................................. 3</p><p>3. Male antenna 2 with peduncle articles 4–5 incrassate; male gnathopod 1, merus lacking posterior lobe; dactylus cuspidactylate; uropod 1 lacking disto­lateral robust setae; ramus of uropod 3 subequal or slightly smaller than peduncle; basis of female gnathopod 2 anteriorly expanded (in juveniles it is not so expanded) ................................... 4</p><p>­ Male antenna 2 not incrassate; male gnathopod 1, merus with posterior lobe; dactylus simplydactylate; uropod 1 with a distinct disto­lateral robust setae; ramus of uropod 3 half length of peduncle; basis of female gnathopod 2 not expanded ............................. ............................................................................ Chelorchestia darwini (Müller, 1864)</p><p>4. Coxae2–4shallow,much wider than deep; dactylus of male gnathopod 1subequal to palm ....................................................................................... Platorchestia munmui Jo, 1988</p><p>­ Coxae 2–4 as wide as deep; dactylus of male gnathopod 1 distinctly shorter than palm ....................................................................................................................................... 6</p><p>5. Male pereopod 7 incrassate; oostegite 5 posterior margin with less setae than anterior margin .............................................................. Platorchestia platensis (Kroyer, 1845)</p><p>­ Male pereopod 7 not incrassate; oostegite 5 posterior and anterior margin with about the same number of setae ............................. Platorchestia monodi Mateus et al. 1986</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FD8791FF8A256CFEC9615EBF3C8D1F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Serejo, Cristiana S.	Serejo, Cristiana S. (2004): Talitridae (Amphipoda, Gammaridea) from the Brazilian coastline. Zootaxa 646: 1-29, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.158648
