identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
03FD87E1A915FFA1FC0DFCADFC06BFBC.text	03FD87E1A915FFA1FC0DFCADFC06BFBC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Rhinogobius Gill 1859	<div><p>Genus Rhinogobius Gill, 1859</p><p>Rhinogobius Gill, 1859: 145 (type species: Rhinogobius similis Gill, 1859 by original designation and monotypy).</p><p>Tu k u g o b i u s Herre, 1927: 119 (type species: Rhinogobius carpenteri Seale, 1910 by original designation).</p><p>Sinogobius Liu, 1940: 215 [type species: Gobius (S i n o g o b i u s) s z e c h u a n e n s i s Liu, 1940 (= Rhinogobius liui Chen &amp; Wu, 2008) by original designation and monotypy].</p><p>Pseudorhinogobius Zhong &amp; Wu, 1998: 149 (type species: Pseudorhinogobius aporus Zhong &amp; Wu 1998 by original designation and monotypy).</p><p>Diagnosis. Rhinogobius belongs to the gobiid subfamily Gobionellinae (sensu Pezold, 1993, 2011), and is distinguished from the other gobionelline genera by the following combination of characters (Chen &amp; Shao, 1996; Yang et al., 2008; Suzuki et al., 2015, 2017): first dorsal fin with 5–7 spines; second dorsal fin with a single spine and 6–11 segmented rays; anal fin with a single spine and 5–11 segmented rays; pectoral fin with 14–23 segmented rays; pelvic fin with a single spine and five segmented rays; 25–44 longitudinal scales; 7–16 transverse scales; P-V 3/2211 0/9 or, in a few exceptions, its derived pattern; 10– 11+15–18=25–29 vertebrae; snout, cheek and operculum naked; body largely with ctenoid scales; cheek with a longitudinal pattern of sensory papillae (sensu Hoese, 1983), except for a single species, R. similis, having several short transverse rows of sensory papillae below the eye; gill opening moderate in size, its anteroventral end extending to a vertical through posterior margin of preopercle; pelvic fins fused medially into a circular/ ovoid disc via frenum (between spines) and connecting membrane (between innermost rays).</p><p>Remarks. Rhinogobius is currently known as the most species-rich freshwater gobiid genus, comprising 83 valid species (Suzuki et al., 2017; Takahashi &amp; Okazaki, 2017; Endruweit, 2018; Li et al., 2018; Wu et al., 2018; Xia et al., 2018; present study). As indicated by Chen &amp; Shao (1996) and Suzuki et al. (2015), the genus is divided into two distinct groups; one comprises only a single species R. similis, whereas the other includes all the remaining species. Rhinogobius similis differs from the other congeners by having large ctenoid scales on the nape (vs. nape naked or with cycloid scales in the others) and several short transverse rows of sensory papillae on the cheek (vs. no distinct transverse rows of sensory papillae on cheek). We here assign all species of the genus but R. similis to the “ Rhinogobius brunneus complex”, following Chen &amp; Shao (1996).</p><p>Endruweit (2017) resurrected Tukugobius Herre, 1927, previously regarded as a junior synonym of Rhinogobius, as valid; assigning three described species known from the Philippines, Tukugobius bucculentus Herre, 1927, Rhinogobius carpenteri Seale, 1910 (type species of Tukugobius), and Tukugobius philippinus Herre, 1927, to Tukugobius, with all others to Rhinogobius . However, on the basis of the following reasons, we do not concur with his conclusion. First of all, it is too early to resurrect Tukugobius as valid, based on these three species. Like R. carpenteri, the type specimens of T. bucculentus and T. philippinus were destroyed during the Second World War (Eschmeyer, 1998; Kottelat, 2013), and the taxonomic status of these species is open to debate. For these two species, Endruweit (2017) merely examined the non-type specimens from the Philippines and did not state the reasons why these were congeneric with R. carpenteri, only stating, “ Tukugobius carpenteri is readily distinguished from all species currently allocated in Rhinogobius by seven pterygiophores supporting the first dorsal fin (vs. 6 in all species from continental Asia, Japan, Taiwan, and Hainan), the first pterygiophore of second dorsal fin inserted in interneural space 9 (vs. 8)”, These characters need further investigation based on broader sampling. For example, some specimens of Rhinogobius sp. BF (one of the new species described below) and Rhinogobius sp. BB have seven pterygiophores for the first dorsal fin, and R. fluminues, and some specimens of Rhinogobius sp. YB have the first pterygiophore of second dorsal fin inserting behind neural spine of ninth vertebra (TS, personal investigation). These inter- or intra-specific variations suggest that the characters shown by Endruweit (2017) are not sufficient to distinguish Tukugobius from Rhinogobius . Furthermore, Endruweit (2017) indicated that some differentiations between R. carpenteri (type species of Tukugobius) and R. similis (type species of Rhinogobius), such as configuration of sensory-papillae rows on the cheek (i.e., transverse rows absent vs. present) and squamation of pectoral-fin base (i.e., naked vs. scaly), “may possess intrinsic value at generic level.” Nevertheless, in the gobioid fishes, more than a few examples are known to have these characters as intrageneric variations (see, e.g., Akihito et al., 2013). And, as noted above, the presence of the transverse rows of sensory papillae does not only distinguish R. similis from Tukugobius, but also from the other species of Rhinogobius; if following his scenario, we should split further his Rhinogobius into two genera. It appears to be merely artificial, less-necessary splitting. We, therefore, do not accept his idea on the limits of Rhinogobius / Tukugobius, and, in this paper, regard the latter ( Tukugobius) as a junior synonym of the former ( Rhinogobius).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FD87E1A915FFA1FC0DFCADFC06BFBC	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	SUƶU, Toshiyuki;Kƚ, Seishi	SUƶU, Toshiyuki, Kƚ, Seishi (2019): Two New Lentic, Dwarf Species of Rhinogobius Gill, 1859 (Gobiidae) from Japan. Bulletin of the Kanagawa Prefectural Museum (Natural Science) 48: 21-36, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.11205315
03FD87E1A916FFA4FC42FC6AFE6CBBA1.text	03FD87E1A916FFA4FC42FC6AFE6CBBA1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Rhinogobius tyoni SUƶU & Kƚ 2019	<div><p>Rhinogobius tyoni sp. nov.</p><p>(Standard Japanese name: Shimahire-yoshinobori)</p><p>(Table 1; Figs. 1–3)</p><p>Rhinogobius sp. OR morphotype “ Shimahire ”: Suzuki, 1996: 1 (Okayama, Hyogo and Tokushima prefectures, Japan); Akihito et al., 2002: 1254 (localities not detailed).</p><p>Rhinogobius sp. BF: Suzuki et al., 2010: 3 (Hiroshima, Okayama, Hyogo, Osaka, Nara, Wakayama, Ehime, Kagawa and Tokushima prefectures, Japan); Suzuki &amp; Mukai, 2010: 177 (Fukuoka, Hirosima, Okayama, Hyogo, Osaka, Nara, Wakayama, Ehime, Kagawa, Tokushima, Mie, Gifu, Aichi and Shizuoka prefectures, Japan); Akihito et al., 2013: 1460 (Hiroshima, Okayama, Hyogo, Osaka, Nara, Wakayama, Ehime, Kagawa, Tokushima, Mie, Gifu and Shizuoka prefectures, Japan).</p><p>Holotype. OMNH-P 5882, male, 37.0 mm SL, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=134.81078&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=35.492805" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 134.81078/lat 35.492805)">Maruyama-gawa River</a>, Nakanogo, Toyooka, Hyogo Prefecture, Japan, 35°29'34.1"N 134°48'38.8"E, 18 March 1995.</p><p>Paratypes. Total 13 specimens (five males and eight females), 25.7–40.0 mm SL. OMNH-P 5883, female, 27.9 mm SL, collected with the holotype; OMNH-P 5890–5892, 8033–8037 (including 8035 and 8036, cleared and stained), three males and five females, 25.7–37.4 mm SL, 24 March 1995, same locality as the holotype; KPM-NI 49568 (formerly OMNH-P 35396) (cleared and stained) and 49569 (formerly OMNH-P 35397), two males, 34.7 and 40.0 mm SL, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=135.38031&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=34.819973" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 135.38031/lat 34.819973)">Yamamoto</a>, Takarazuka, Hyogo Prefecture, Japan, 34°49'11.9"N 135°22'49.1"E, 13 September 2009 ; KPM-NI 49570 (formerly OMNH-P 36482) and 49571 (formerly OMNH-P 36483), two females, 29.0 and 32.8 mm SL, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=134.5727&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=35.06125" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 134.5727/lat 35.06125)">Ibo-gawa River</a>, Yamasaki, Shisou, Hyogo Prefecture, Japan, 35°03'40.5"N 134°34'21.7"E, 29 June 2010 .</p><p>Diagnosis. Rhinogobius tyoni is distinguished from all congeneric species by the following combination of features: scales on predorsal area small cycloid, 8–17 scales on predorsal midline; 20–23 pectoral-fin rays; 28–35 longitudinal scales; 10+16=26 vertebrae; a low first dorsal fin in males, not extending posteriorly to origin of second dorsal fin when adpressed; third spine of first dorsal fin longest; posterior oculoscapular canal usually absent; preopercular canal usually present with two terminal pores; sensory-papillae rows on cheek arranged longitudinally, with no transverse rows; anteriorpart of first dorsal fin with no dark large circle or quadrangle dusky markings (spots or blotches); no yellow or orange markings on caudal-fin base when alive or freshly-collected; caudal fin with some dark vertical lines in males, some dark vertical lines or rows of dots in females; lower half of caudal fin reddish orange in males when alive or freshly-collected.</p><p>Description. Dorsal-fin rays VI-I, 8* (12) or VII-I, 8 (2); anal-fin rays I, 8* (10) or I, 9 (4); pectoral-fin rays 20* (4), 21 (7), or 22 (3); pelvic-fin rays I, 5* (14); segmented caudal-fin rays 9+8* (12); branched caudal-fin rays 7+6 (1), 7+7* (11), 8+7 (1), or 9+7 (1); longitudinal scales 32 (2), 33 (7), 34* (4), or 35 (1); transverse scales 9 (3), 10 (5), 11* (4), or 12 (2); scales between origin of dorsal fin and dorsal insertion of pectoral fin 7* (4), 8 (5), or 9 (2); predorsal scales 8 (2), 10 (1), 12 (1), 14 (1), 15(2), 16* (2), or 17 (2); P-V 3/12210/9* (4), 3/12211/9 (2), 3/22110/9 (6), or 3/21210/9 (1); vertebrae 10+16=26* (13) or 10+17=27 (1).</p><p>Abbreviations: SL: standard Length; D1: first dorsal fin; D2: second Dorsal fin; HL: head length</p><p>*Longest ray indicates in parenthesis</p><p>Proportional measurements based on holotype and three paratypes (OMNH-P 5883, 5890, 5891) are given in Table 1. Body relatively short and small (reaching up to 40 mm SL), slightly compressed anteriorly, compressed posteriorly. Head large, slightly depressed. Snout short and round. Eye large, located dorsolaterally on head at, or slightly before, a vertical through midpoint between snout tip and posterior margin of preopercle. Cheek somewhat fleshy. Lips thick and fleshy; lower lip slightly protruding beyond upper lip; gape oblique, forming an angle of about 20–30 (30 in holotype) and 40 degrees with body axis in males and females; posterior margin of lower jaw not or barely reaching to, or extending a little beyond, a vertical through anterior margin of eye. Anterior naris a short tube without skin flap at its tip, located at, or slightly before, midpoint between snout tip and anterior margin of eye; posterior naris a round pore with low rim, closer to eye than to anterior naris. Gill-opening extending anteriorly to a vertical through posterior margin of preopercle. Gill membranes broadly attached to isthmus. No fleshy papillae or finger-like projections on lateral margin of shoulder girdle. Tongue free from floor of mouth, with rounded anterior margin. Genital papillae cone-shaped in males and oval in females.</p><p>Origin of first dorsal fin slightly behind a vertical through dorsal insertion of pectoral-fin; first dorsal fin trapezoid or half oval in males, trapezoid or semicircular in females; third spine longest; all dorsal-fin spines slender and flexible, not filamentous; when adpressed, posterior end (distal tip of third spine) of first dorsal fin usually not extending to origin of second dorsal fin. Second dorsal fin separated from first dorsal fin; second dorsal fin subequal to first dorsal fin in height in males, whereas subequal or slightly higher in females; all segmented dorsal-fin rays branched; seventh branched rays longest in males, whereas second or third ray longest in females; when adpressed, posterior end of second dorsal fin not extending to procurrent-rays part of caudal fin; posterior end of base of second dorsal fin above posterior end of anal-fin base. Origin of anal fin below base of first or second (second in holotype) branched ray of second dorsal fin; anal fin slightly lower than second dorsal fin in height; all segmented anal-fin rays branched; seventh branched ray longest in males, whereas fourth or fifth ray longest in females; when adpressed, posterior end of anal fin not extending to procurrent-rays part of caudal fin. Caudal fin nearly rounded. Pectoral fin oval; pectoral fin extending posteriorly to vertical lines between origin and base of second branched ray (base of first branched ray in holotype) of second dorsal fin in males, whereas base of sixth spine and posterior end of base of first dorsal fin in females; pectoral-fin rays branched, except for dorsalmost and/or ventralmost rays unbranched in some specimens (only ventralmost rays unbranched in holotype). Pelvic fins fused medially by well-developed frenum (between spines) and connecting membrane (between innermost rays), forming a longitudinally elongate, oval cup-like disc; pelvic fins extending posteriorly to a vertical through fifth or sixth spine base of first dorsal fin (fifth in holotype), and not reaching to anus; pelvic-fin spine with triangular membranous lobe at its tip; all pelvic-fin segmented rays branched; first branched ray longer than spine; first branch of fifth pelvic-fin ray bifid (Fig. 1A).</p><p>Scales on body small ctenoid anteriorly, moderately large ctenoid posteriorly. Scaly area on body extending posteriorly to base of caudal fin; basal part of caudal fin with small cycloid scales. Anterodorsal part of body before a diagonal line from origin of first dorsal fin to dorsal insertion of pectoral fin with small scales. Anterior part of predorsal area naked. Predorsal squamation with trifurcate anterior edge, anterior extensions of middle and both sides extending anteriorly beyond a transverse line through dorsalmost point of pectoral-fin axil to beyond above canal pore H' (Fig. 1B). The other part of head naked. Lateral and ventral sides of belly with ctenoid scales and small cycloid scales, respectively. Pelvic-fin axil naked. Scaly area of belly not extending anteriorly to pelvic-fin insertion. Base of pectoral fin and prepelvic areas with 0–4 and 0–17 (0–7 in preventral midline) small cycloid embedded scales, respectively.</p><p>Cephalic sensory systems of holotype (OMNH-P 5882) are illustrated in Suzuki (1996: 3, fig. 1), and not repeated here. Based on our examination of ten specimens (OMNH-P 5882, 5883, 5890–5892, 8033–8037), considerable variations in development of sensory canals on head are found. On the anterior oculoscapular canal, eight specimens including holotype have a nasal extension with terminal pore B' located anterodorsal to posterior naris; anterior interorbital sections separated with paired pore C and a single median pore D, pore E just behind posterior edge of eye; lateral section with anterior pore F and terminal pore H'. Of the remaining two, one lacks a canal between pores F and H, and the other has only a short canal with two terminal pores B' and C'. On the posterior oculoscapular canal, nine specimens including holotype lack a posterior oculoscapular canal, whereas a single specimen has it. On the preopercular canal, three specimens have pores M', N, and O', the other four including holotype lack intermediate pore N, and a single specimen lacks the canal. The Following description of sensory papillae is based on holotype (OMNH-P 5882). Sensory-papillae row a oblique and uniserial, composed of five sparsely arranged papillae, extending anteriorly slightly beyond a vertical through middle of eye. Row b longitudinal, composed of densely arranged papillae, extending anteriorly to a vertical through middle of eye; its length equal to eye diameter. Row c composed of sparsely arranged papillae, extending posteriorly slightly behind a vertical through posterior margin of eye. Row d composed of densely arranged papillae, extending posteriorly slightly behind a vertical through posterior margin of pupil. Rows cp and f comprising single and a pair of papillae, respectively. Anterior end of row oi close to a vertical row ot.</p><p>Coloration of males (see also Suzuki, 1996: 8, figs. 2, 4; Suzuki et al., 2017: 61, fig. 3). Freshly-collected coloration of male holotype (Fig. 2A) is as follows. Ground color of head and body yellowish gray darkened dorsally. Iris vivid yellow, margined dorsally by vivid green. Two red oblique stripes on snout; one between eye and tip of snout, the other between ventral margin of eye and posterior end of upper jaw. Cheek and lower part of operculum with several vague, irregularly-shaped yellow spots (fairly vivid in operculum). Branchiostegal membrane yellow, tinged with bright blue ventrally, without any distinct markings. Dorsal margin of lower jaw and ventral side of head bright blue. Scale pockets of nape and occipital region with dull red spots. Dorsalmost of pectoral-fin base with a triangular bright blue marking as large as (or slightly smaller than) pupil, edged ventrally by black. Each scale pockets on dorsal and midlateral parts of body with a small dull red spot. Midlateral body with a broad dull blue stripe. Belly whitish, tinged with yellow dorsally, bright blue posteriorly. Dorsal fins pale yellow gradually turns to dull purple distally, with broad pale-yellow anterodorsal margins; several dull purple dots just behind spines on ventral one-third of first dorsal fin, forming 1–2 indistinct horizontal rows; four indistinct, horizontal dull purple lines on second dorsal fin (dorsal two largely faded anteriorly). Anal fin grayish, darkened distally, with a broad midlateral orange stripe and white distal margin. Caudal fin pale, with red purple dorsal part, reddish orange lower half, and yellow posterior margin; base with a “ &lt;”sharped grayish brown blotch, and central part with four red purple vertical lines. Pectoral and pelvic fins nearly transparent and grayish, with slightly darkened rays. When preserved in alcohol (Fig. 2B), all blue, green, orange, purple, red and yellow markings faded; ground color of head and body turns to yellowish white.</p><p>Coloration of females. Freshly-collected coloration of females (Fig. 3A; Suzuki, 1996: 8, figs. 3 and 6; Suzuki et al., 2017: 63, fig. 4B) resembles that of males, except as follows. No yellow markings on cheek, operculum and branchiostegal membrane. Midlateral body with a longitudinal series of 7–8 indistinct circular, large black blotches; anterior two below first dorsal fin, middle 3–5 below second dorsal fin, and the others on caudal peduncle. Dorsum of body with several irregular-shaped, black blotches. Posterior part of second dorsal fin with 1–4 reddish gray strips. A single narrow orange stripe at midlateral anal fin (sometimes barely visible or absent; see, e.g., fig. 5 of Suzuki, 1996). Central part of caudal fin with 1–7 reddish gray vertical lines or rows of dots; these lines/rows of dots not extending to dorsal and ventral onesixth or one-seventh of the fin. When preserved in alcohol (Fig. 3B), all blue, green, orange, purple, red and yellow markings faded; ground color of head and body turns to yellowish white; blackish markings on body turn to brown.</p><p>Coloration when alive (see Suzuki, 1996: 9, figs. 6, 7). Coloration when alive in aquaria resembles that of freshly-collected specimens, except as follows: midlateral body with a longitudinal series of seven large rounded black blotches: dorsum of body with six saddle-like black blotches, comprising anteriormost one on nape, middle three below dorsal fins, and posterior two on caudal peduncle.</p><p>Distribution. Rhinogobius tyoni is hitherto known from inland waters in temperate Japan along coasts of Seto Inland Sea, Osaka Bay and Kii Channel (Fukuoka, Hiroshima, Okayama, Hyogo, Osaka, Nara, Wakayama, Ehime, Kagawa and Tokushima prefectures), and Maruyama-gawa River of Hyogo Prefecture, draining to Sea of Japan. This species is also found in the Tokai District of Japan (including Mie, Gifu, Aichi and Shizuoka prefectures), but the populations seem to have been artificially introduced (Suzuki et al., 2010; Suzuki &amp; Mukai, 2010; Akihito et al., 2013).</p><p>Habitat. Rhinogobius tyoni is found in shallow freshwater areas with mud bottoms and aquatic vegetation, such as ponds, marshes, reservoirs, canals, and creeks at middle or lower reaches of rivers (Suzuki &amp; Mukai, 2010; present study). It is a non-diadromous species, restrictedly found in non- or barely-flowing freshwater habitats throughout the life cycle (Ohara et al., 2009; Tsunagawa et al., 2010a; present study).</p><p>Etymology. The specific name, tyoni, refers to the late Darsu Tyon, who discovered the species and kindly informed us for our study.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FD87E1A916FFA4FC42FC6AFE6CBBA1	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	SUƶU, Toshiyuki;Kƚ, Seishi	SUƶU, Toshiyuki, Kƚ, Seishi (2019): Two New Lentic, Dwarf Species of Rhinogobius Gill, 1859 (Gobiidae) from Japan. Bulletin of the Kanagawa Prefectural Museum (Natural Science) 48: 21-36, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.11205315
03FD87E1A913FFA8FE81F866FB8BBD02.text	03FD87E1A913FFA8FE81F866FB8BBD02.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Rhinogobius telma SUƶU & Kƚ 2019	<div><p>Rhinogobius telma sp. nov.</p><p>(Standard Japanese name: Tokai-yoshinobori)</p><p>(Table 1; Figs. 4–6)</p><p>Rhinogobius sp. TO: Suzuki &amp; Sakamoto, 2005: 13 (Gifu and Aichi prefectures, Japan); Suzuki et al., 2010: 11 (Gifu and Aichi prefectures, Japan); Akihito et al., 2013: 1459 (Shizuoka, Aichi, Gifu, Mie prefectures, Japan).</p><p>Holotype. BLIP 20000268, male, 28.7 mm SL, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=137.19095&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=35.359417" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 137.19095/lat 35.359417)">Tokigawa River</a>, Izumichouotomi, Toki, Gifu Prefecture, Japan, 35°21'33.9"N 137°11'27.4"E, 1 April 2000.</p><p>Paratypes. Total 13 specimens (ten males and three females), 28.8–39.5 mm SL: BLIP 20000256–20000262, 20000264–20000266, seven males and three females, 28.8–37.8 mm SL, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=137.14758&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=34.995304" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 137.14758/lat 34.995304)">Pond of Yanagase</a> park, Yahagi-gawa River, Toyoda, Aichi Prefecture, Japan, 34°59'43.1"N 137°08'51.3"E, 1 April 2000 ; BLIP 20000400, male, 30.7 mm SL, Shin-ike Pond, Yawatacho, Toyokawa, Aichi Prefecture, Japan, 6 April 2001 ; BLIP 20010401, male, 33.0 mm SL, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=136.6553&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=35.34636" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 136.6553/lat 35.34636)">Ibi-gawa River</a>, Naoecho, Ogaki, Gifu Prefecture, Japan, 35°20'46.9"N 136°39'19.1"E, 13 November 2001 ; OMNH-P 43682, male, 39.5 mm SL, a cleared and stained, 2000.04.01, collected with the holotype.</p><p>Diagnosis. Rhinogobius telma is distinguished from all congeneric species by the following unique combination of features: scales on predorsal area small cycloid, 3–15 predorsal scales on predorsal midline; 10+16=26 vertebrae; a low first dorsal fin in males, not extending posteriorly to origin of second dorsal fin when adpressed; third spine of first dorsal fin longest; the lateral and ventral sides of belly with ctenoid and small cycloid scales, respectively; posterior oculoscapular canal and preopercular canal absent; sensory-papillae rows on cheek arranged longitudinally, with no transverse rows; first dorsal fin with a single longitudinal row of vertically-elongate dark markings; no dark large circle or quadrangle markings (spots or blotches) at anteriorpart of first dorsal fin; lower half of caudal fin without reddish orange coloration; caudal fin with some vertical rows of dark dots in both sexes.</p><p>Description. Dorsal-fin rays VI-I, 8* (14); anal-fin rays I, 8 (3) or I, 9* (11); pectoral-fin rays 19 (3), 20* (6), or 21 (5); pelvic-fin rays I, 5* (14); segmented caudal-fin rays 9+7 (1), or 9+8* (13); branched caudal-fin rays 6+6* (2), 7+6 (5), or 7+7 (7); longitudinal scales 31 (3), 32 (2), 33* (7), or 34 (2); transverse scales 9* (8), or 10 (6); scales between origin of dorsal fin and dorsal insertion of pectoral fin 6 (3), or 7* (11); predorsal scales 3*(1), 4 (2), 6 (1), 8 (1), 11 (3), 12 (2), 13 (1), 14 (2), or 15 (1); P-V 3/22110/9* (13); vertebrae 10+16=26* (13).</p><p>Proportional measurements based on holotype and three paratypes (BLIP 20000256, 20000265, 20000269) are given in Table 1. Body relatively short and small (reaching up to 40 mm SL), slightly compressed anteriorly, compressed posteriorly. Head moderately large, slightly depressed. Snout short and round. Eye large, located dorsolaterally on head at a vertical through midpoint between snout tip and posterior margin of preopercle. Cheek somewhat fleshy. Lips thick and fleshy; lower lip slightly protruding beyond upper lip; gape oblique, forming an angle of about 35–40 (35 in holotype) and 40–50 degrees with body axis in males and females, respectively; posterior margin of lower jaw extending slightly beyond a vertical through anterior margin of eye. Anterior naris a short tube without skin flap at its tip, located slightly behind midpoint between snout tip and anterior margin of eye; posterior naris a round pore with low rim, closer to eye than to anterior naris. Gill opening extending anteriorly to a vertical through posterior margin of preopercle. Gill membranes broadly attached to isthmus. No fleshy papillae- or finger-like projections on lateral margin of shoulder girdle. Tongue free from floor of mouth, with rounded anterior margin. Genital papillae cone-shaped in males and oval in females.</p><p>Origin of first dorsal fin slightly behind a vertical through dorsal insertion of pectoral fin; first dorsal fin trapezoid or “shogi-piece” shaped in males (“shogi-piece” shaped in holotype), usually semicircular in females; third spine longest; all dorsal-fin spines slender and flexible, not filamentous; when adpressed, third-spine tip not extending to origin of second dorsal fin in both sexes; when adpressed, posterior end (distal tip of the sixth spine) of first dorsal fin extending slightly behind origin of second dorsal fin in males, but not extending to it in females. Second dorsal fin separated from first dorsal fin; second dorsal fin higher than first dorsal fin in height in both sexes; all segmented dorsal-fin rays branched; seventh branched ray longest in males, whereas second ray longest in females; when adpressed, posterior end of second dorsal fin not extending to procurrent-rays part of caudal fin; posterior end of base of second dorsal fin above posterior end of anal-fin base. Origin of anal fin below base of first, second or third (second in holotype) branched second dorsal-fin ray; anal fin slightly lower than second dorsal fin in height; all segmented anal-fin rays branched; sixth or seventh branched ray longest in males (seventh in holotype), whereas fourth ray longest in females; when adpressed, posterior end of anal fin not extending to procurrent-ray of caudal fin. Caudal fin nearly rounded. Pectoral fin oval, posteriorly extending around a vertical thorough origin of second dorsal fin (not reaching in holotype) in both sexes; pectoral-fin rays branched, except for dorsalmost and ventralmost rays fin usually unbranched (unbranched in holotype). Pelvic fins fused medially by well-developed frenum (between spines) and connecting membrane (between innermost rays), forming a round cup in males and a longitudinally elongate cup in females; pelvic fins extending posteriorly to a vertical through fifth or sixth spine base of first dorsal fin (fifth in holotype), and not reaching to anus; pelvic-fin spine without membranous lobe at its tip; all pelvic-fin segmented rays branched; first branched ray longer than spine; first branch of fifth pelvic-fin ray bifid (Fig. 4A).</p><p>Scales on body small ctenoid anteriorly, moderately large ctenoid posteriorly. Scaly area on body extending posteriorly to base of caudal fin; basal part of caudal fin with small cycloid scales. Anterodorsal part of body before a diagonal line from middle of first dorsal-fin base to dorsal insertion of pectoral-fin with small scales. Anterior part of predorsal area naked. Predorsal squamation with trifurcate anterior edge, anterior extension of middle and both sides extending anteriorly beyond a transverse line through dorsalmost point of pectoral-fin axil to above through middle of opercle (Fig. 4B). The other part of head naked. Lateral and ventral sides of belly with ctenoid and small cycloid scales, respectively. Pelvic-fin axil naked. Scaly area of belly usually extending anteriorly to pelvic-fin insertion. Base of pectoral fin and prepelvic areas usually with some small cycloid scales (0–4 in preventral midline).</p><p>Cephalic sensory systems of BLIP 20000264 are illustrated in Suzuki &amp; Sakamoto (2005: 15, fig. 1), and not repeated here. Based on our examination of 13 specimens (BLIP 20000256–20000262, 20000264–20000266, 20000268, 20010400, 20010401), considerable variations in development of sensory canals on head are found. On the anterior oculoscapular canal, eight specimens including holotype have a nasal extension with terminal pore B' located anterodorsal to posterior naris; anterior interorbital sections separated with two paired pores C and D; pore E and terminal pore F' behind posterior edge of eye; lateral section lacking. Two specimens have the anterior interorbital sections separated with a single median pore D; other pores same as holotype. Three specimens with an additional pore between C and D, or between D and E; other pores same as holotype. All specimens including holotype have no posterior oculoscapular canal and preopercular canal. The following description of sensory papillae is based on BLIP 20000264. Sensory-papillae row a oblique and uniserial, composed of five sparsely arranged papillae, extending anteriorly to a vertical through middle of eye. Row b longitudinal, composed of densely arranged papillae, extending anteriorly to a vertical through posterior margin of eye; its length slightly shorter than eye diameter. Row c composed of sparsely arranged papillae, extending posteriorly slightly behind a vertical through posterior margin of eye. Row d composed of densely arranged papillae, extending posteriorly slightly behind a vertical through posterior margin of eye. Rows cp and f comprising single and a pair of papillae, respectively. Anterior end of row oi well separated from a vertical row ot.</p><p>Coloration of males (see also Suzuki &amp; Sakamoto, 2005: 16, figs. 2A). Freshly-collected coloration of male holotype (Fig. 5A) is as follows. Ground color of head and body yellowish gray. Iris vivid yellow, margined dorsally by vivid green. Two oblique stripes on snout; one dull red between eye and tip of snout, the other broad green between ventral margin of eye and posterior end of upper jaw. Cheek grayish. Dorsal parts of cheek and operculum, nape and occipital region with several irregular-shaped, short dull orange lines or spots. Ventroanterior part of head purplish blue. Branchiostegal membrane reddish yellow, without any distinct markings. Dorsal part of operculum with a purplish blue longitudinal marking. Base of pectoral fin with a large oblong black marking. Dorsum of body with six saddle-like, large grayish brown blotches; anteriormost one below origin of first dorsal fin, second one below base of first dorsal fin, third one below between first and second dorsal fins, fourth one below base of second dorsal fin, and the last two on caudal peduncle. Midlateral body with a longitudinal series of five rectangular, large grayish brown blotches; each midlateral blotch below interspace between saddle-like blotches of dorsum of body; interspaces between grayish brown blotches on midlateral body pale green. Belly whitish, tinged with yellow dorsally. Dorsal fins gray, rays yellowish with pale yellow dorsal margins; first dorsal fin with a row of narrow, transversely-elongate violet blotches along spines; lower half of second dorsal fin with 2–3 longitudinal rows of dull purplish red dots. Anal fin light yellowish orange, with a narrow white lower margin. Caudal fin gray, rays yellowish with pale-yellow posterior margin; ventral part of caudal-fin base with two black blotches; central part of caudal fin with two or three vertical rows of gray dots. Pectoral fin nearly transparent, whitish basally, with yellowish gray rays. Pelvic fins gray. When preserved in alcohol (Fig. 5B), all blue, green, orange, purple, red and yellow markings faded; ground color of head and body turns to yellowish white; blackish markings on body turn to brown.</p><p>Coloration of female (Fig. 6A; Suzuki and Sakamoto, 2005: 16, fig. 2B). Freshly-collected coloration of female resembles that of male, except as follows. Cheek not grayish. Branchiostegal membrane not yellowish. An oblong black marking at base of pectoral fin smaller than male’s marking. First two large grayish brown blotches of midlateral body connected. Caudal-fin base with a “&lt;” sharped grayish brown blotch. Pelvic fin grayish white. When preserved in alcohol (Fig. 6B), all blue, green, orange, purple, red and yellow markings faded; ground color of head and body turns to yellowish white; blackish markings on body turn to brown.</p><p>Coloration when alive (based on photographs in Matsuzawa, 2011). Coloration in males when alive in aquaria resembles that of freshly-collected specimens, except as follows: ground color of head and body yellowish gray; first dorsal fin black, with reddish yellow dorsal margin; markings of second dorsal fin and caudal fins grayish brown.</p><p>Distribution. Rhinogobius telma is hitherto known only from the Tokai District of temperate Japan (viz., Aichi, Mie, Gifu, and Shizuoka prefectures), although the population in Shizuoka Prefecture seems to have been artificially introduced (Suzuki &amp; Sakamoto, 2005; Suzuki et al., 2010; Akihito et al., 2013).</p><p>Habitat. Rhinogobius telma is found in shallow freshwater areas with mud bottoms and aquatic vegetation, such as ponds, marshes, reservoirs, canals, creeks of middle or lower reaches of rivers (Suzuki &amp; Mukai, 2010; present study). It is a non-diadromous species, restrictedly found in non- or slow-flowing freshwater habitats throughout the life cycle (Tsunagawa et al., 2010b; present study).</p><p>Remarks. Rhinogobius telma was first noticed by Takahashi et al. (1998); they reported a putative unnamed species of the genus, which agrees well with R. telma in morphological characters, from Aichi Prefecture, Japan, in the 31st annual meeting of the Ichthyological Society of Japan. Subsequently Akihito et al. (2000) provisionally regarded it as one of the varieties of the “Shimahiregata” morphotype of their Rhinogobius sp. OR that further morphological/molecular analyses towards our better understanding for these varieties is necessary. On the internet website (https://tansuigyo.net), anonymous proposed a nickname “Ushi-yoshinobori” for the goby, probably identical with R. telma herein described, in order to distinguished it from the congeners in the Japanese waters. The page is not dated; according to the website writer(s), the page was originally launched on 11 November 2000, but the contents appear to have been modified after that; at least now, many photographs of live fish of the species in aquaria are shown there (downloaded on 17 September 2018). Suzuki &amp; Sakamoto (2005) reported information about the morphology, distribution and habitats of R. telma (as an undescribed species) in detail, and proposed a new standard Japanese name “Tokai-yoshinobori” with a specific abbreviation “TO” for distinguishing it from the other undescribed congeners (viz., “ Rhinogobius sp. TO”) on the basis of a specimen (BLIP 20000256), that is designated here as a paratype of R. telma .</p><p>Yamazaki et al. (2015) analyzed nuclear DNA of the Japanese species of Rhinogobius and concluded that R. telma (as an undescribed species) has a sister relationship with R. flumineus . The latter ( R. flumineus) is only a single species of the Group I (described below) in the Japanese waters; this is one of the reasons why we recognize the subgroups of the R. brunneus complex assembled based on the vertebral counts (i.e., the Group I and Group II: described below) as the grades (not the clades).</p><p>Etymology. The specific name “ telma ” is derived from the Greek word meaning standing water or marsh, in reference to typical habitat of the species. The name should be treated as a noun in apposition.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FD87E1A913FFA8FE81F866FB8BBD02	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	SUƶU, Toshiyuki;Kƚ, Seishi	SUƶU, Toshiyuki, Kƚ, Seishi (2019): Two New Lentic, Dwarf Species of Rhinogobius Gill, 1859 (Gobiidae) from Japan. Bulletin of the Kanagawa Prefectural Museum (Natural Science) 48: 21-36, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.11205315
