identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
03FA87FEFFC5465CFF51FA84FB0E2054.text	03FA87FEFFC5465CFF51FA84FB0E2054.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Horaiclavus Oyama 1954	<div><p>Genus Horaiclavus Oyama, 1954</p><p>Type species: Mangilia splendida A. Adams, 1867 (by original designation).</p><p>Remarks. The taxonomic position of the genus Horaiclavus Oyama, 1954 has been controversial. Powell (1966) assigned it to the Turridae but considered the possibility of placement in Buccinidae . Subsequent authors (Sysoev, 1993; 1996; Higo, Callomon &amp; Goto, 1999) assigned Horaiclavus to Drilliidae Olsson, 1964, while Fedosov &amp; Kantor (2008) placed it in the Crassispirinae (= Pseudomelatomidae Morrison, 1965). More recently, Bouchet et al. (2011) designated Horaiclavus as the type genus of the new family Horaiclavidae which differs from Pseudomelatomidae mainly on molecular grounds. Species assigned to Horaiclavus are characterized by a claviform shell sculptured with axial folds with a very shallow to virtually absent anal sinus.</p><p>Sysoev in Fedosov &amp; Kantor (2008) noted that there are likely to be numerous additional undescribed Horaiclavus species and that the genus, as presently construed, is most probably polyphyletic and includes species that actually belong to distinct genera. Horaiclavus phaeocercus and H. anaimus (both described by Sysoev in Fedosov &amp; Kantor, 2008) differ from H. splendidus (A. Adams, 1867), the type species of Horaiclavus, in lacking a radula and in foregut anatomy. These species also differ from typical members of Horaiclavus in their smaller dimensions and proportions (“lower spire and larger aperture and a somewhat longer siphonal canal”). Τhe tw0 new speʗIes desʗrIbed beI0w resemble the relatively small-sized species described by Sysoev (in Fedosov &amp; Kantor, 2008) but otherwise differ in having peculiar morphological characters. It is thus possible that they may actually belong to one, or possibly two, still undescribed genera. This consideration is particularly pertinent in the case of Horaiclavus ordinei sp. nov. which differs from all species currently assigned to Horaiclavus in possessing relatively strong spiral sculpture. The presence of a relatively well developed spiral sculpture is a feature in apparent contrast even with the original diagnosis of the family Horaiclavidae proposed by Bouchet et al. (2011: 293), which includes genera with spiral sculpture typically obsolete to feeble on spire whorls. For this reason, the position of H. ordinei is problematic even at the familial level; the possibility that it actually belongs to Pseudomelatomidae cannot be excluded on the basis of shell morphology alone. Kantor et al. (2008) recently pointed out that shell features of members of Turridae are useful for species-level identification but are inadequate for supraspecific classification. Thus, in the absence of soft parts for anatomical and/or molecular studies, we refrain from proposing new, doubtful genera or subgenera; the two species here described are hence provisionally assigned to the genus Horaiclavus, within family Horaiclavidae . Under SEM, Horaiclavus adenensis sp. nov. was found to show a microsculpture of squamiform pustules in the interior part of the inner lip. Judging from our preliminary SEM observations, similar microsculptural elements are widely present within “turriform” gastropods and seem to differ according to families. In the present case, the microscopic pustules found in H. adenensis sp. nov. are very similar to those occurring in Crassispira tuckerana Bonfitto &amp; Morassi, 2011, and may represent further morphological evidence of the close relationship between the families Horaiclavidae and Pseudomelatomidae (= Crassispiridae). The occurrence of this feature has not been investigated in the second new species, H. ordinei sp. nov., because the type material is represented by only few shells and these microscopic pustules, occurring in the inner part of the lip, may require breakage of the outer lip to be adequately shown. Horaiclavus adenensis sp. nov. represents the second record of the genus Horaiclavus in the Gulf of Aden. Sysoev (1996) reported the occurrence of H. splendidus (A. Adams, 1867) in this area, but the material was subsequently described as Horaiclavus sysoevi by Smriglio &amp; Mariottini, 2003.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FA87FEFFC5465CFF51FA84FB0E2054	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Bonfitto, Antonio;Morassi, Mauro	Bonfitto, Antonio, Morassi, Mauro (2014): Two new Horaiclavus (Horaiclavidae, Conoidea) species from the Indo-Pacific region. Zootaxa 3821 (1): 146-150, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3821.1.12
03FA87FEFFC4465EFF51FC85FEF622EA.text	03FA87FEFFC4465EFF51FC85FEF622EA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Horaiclavus adenensis	<div><p>Horaiclavus adenensis sp. nov.</p><p>Figures 1A–L</p><p>Type material. Holotype (MZB 60078), 8 paratypes (MZB 60079), 1 paratype MNHN, 1 paratype ZMA, 1 paratype NHMUK, 1 NMNS, 1 ZMC, 1 ZRA, all from the type locality.</p><p>Type locality. Gulf of Aden (Indian Ocean), stn. RED SED 92/1, 11º55'95"N, 44º22'70"E to 11º55'82"N, 44º22'53"E, 795– 810 m.</p><p>Material examined. 15 dd from Gulf of Aden, stn. RED SED 92/1, from 11º55'95"N, 44º22'70"E to 11º55'82"N, 44º22'53"E, 795–810 m (holotype and 14 paratypes); 1 dd from Gulf of Aden, stn. RED SED 92/2, between 12º02'36"N, 44º29'53"E and 12º02'46"N, 44º30'82"E, 1395–1400 m (coated, MZB 60080).</p><p>Description. Shell claviform (b/l 0.48–0.51; a/l 0.40–0.42) (Fig. 1A–C, E) with a moderately high orthoconoid spire and a short, contracted and quite strongly tapering base. Protoconch papilliform of about 1¼–1½ smooth whorls (Fig. 1I –J) with a weak submedian keel near termination bordered by few spiral rows of granules (Fig. 1K–L). Maximum protoconch diameter 0.57 mm. Teleoconch of up to ca. 4½ whorls with shallowly impressed, slightly wavy suture. Whorls strongly convex, gradate; first whorl bluntly angled near middle, subsequent whorls with a well rounded shoulder above mid-whorl height on later two teleoconch whorls. Subsutural ramp is narrow, weakly concave on earlier two whorls, convex on later whorls. Axial sculpture of strong, slightly arcuate and weakly opisthocline folds, extending from suture to suture, weakening on subsutural ramp and fading on lower shell base. Axial ribs of rounded triangular crosssection, interspaces concave, broader than ribs. There are 10–11 axial ribs on last two teleoconch whorls. Spiral sculpture represented only by three weak threads on rostrum. Aperture is oval, with rather short siphonal canal. Anal sinus weak, just an insinuation of thin lip edge (Fig. 1D). Inner lip evenly curved, columellar part straight, parietal callus forming a weak pad. Under SEM the surface of the interior part of the inner lip is seen to be covered by squamiform pustules (Fig. 1H). Outer lip has a heavy varix behind thin lip edge. Shell glossy and white. Dimensions: Holotype: 4.5 x 2.3 mm, aperture height 1.9 mm. Largest paratype: 5.0 x 2.4 mm, aperture height 2.1 mm; smallest paratype of the series, probably a shell of an immature specimen with 3.8 teleoconch whorls: 3.8 x 1.9 mm, aperture height 1.6 mm.</p><p>Etymology. adenensis, alluding to the fact that the new species is described from the Gulf of Aden.</p><p>Remarks. Horaiclavus adenensis sp. nov. is characterized by its small size and presence of a submedian keel in the terminal part of the protoconch. Among its supposed congeners, it is comparable to Horaiclavus anaimus Sysoev in Fedosov &amp; Kantor, 2008 in shape and number of protoconch whorls but differs from the latter mainly in its much smaller dimensions (up to 5 mm vs up to 12 mm in maximum length), more strongly convex spire whorls, spiral sculpture restricted to rostrum, shorter siphonal canal and presence of a weak keel in the terminal part of the protoconch, a feature not reported so far in any of its described congeners. The presence or absence of a keel in the protoconch is currently regarded as a doubtful feature in supraspecific classification; also we cannot exclude the possibility that SEM examination would show the presence of this feature in other Horaiclavus or Horaiclavus -like species. H. adenensis sp. nov. superficially resembles in shape, axial sculpture and presence of a carinate protoconch the shallow water Clavus costatus Hedley, 1922 (= Gracicliclava mackayensis Shuto, 1983), from Queensland (Australia), type species of Graciliclava Shuto, 1983, a genus currently regarded as closely related to and possibly a subgenus of Anacithara Hedley, 1922 (Kilburn, 1994), also included in the Horaiclavidae (Bouchet et al., 2011) . However, according to Shuto (1983:11–12) the shell surface of Graciliclava costata (Hedley, 1922) is sculptured by “dense and minute spiral lines” of different order of strength as in members of the genus Anacithara and the protoconch keel is stronger than in H. adenensis .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FA87FEFFC4465EFF51FC85FEF622EA	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Bonfitto, Antonio;Morassi, Mauro	Bonfitto, Antonio, Morassi, Mauro (2014): Two new Horaiclavus (Horaiclavidae, Conoidea) species from the Indo-Pacific region. Zootaxa 3821 (1): 146-150, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3821.1.12
03FA87FEFFC6465EFF51FE18FB012577.text	03FA87FEFFC6465EFF51FE18FB012577.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Horaiclavus ordinei	<div><p>Horaiclavus ordinei sp. nov.</p><p>Figures 1 M–T</p><p>Type material. Holotype (MZB 60081) and paratype (MZB 60082).</p><p>Type locality. Balicasag Island, Philippines trawled by local fishermen at about 200 m.</p><p>Material examined. 2 dd from the type locality.</p><p>Description. Shell broadly claviform (b/l 0.53–0.57; a/l 0.41–0.44) (Fig. 1.M–P) with a moderately high orthoconoid spire and a short, contracted and quite strongly tapering base. Protoconch papilliform of about 1½ smooth whorls (Fig. 1 S–T). Maximum protoconch diameter 0.57 mm. Teleoconch of up to about five whorls with deeply impressed, strongly wavy suture. Whorls strongly convex with an angled periphery just below mid-whorl height on earlier whorls, at middle on last two whorls. Subsutural ramp narrow, shallowly concave. Axial sculpture of strong, slightly arcuate and weakly opisthocline folds, extending from suture to suture, slightly weakening on subsutural ramp and extending on base but not on rostrum. Axial ribs of rounded triangular cross-section, interspaces concave, slightly broader to about the same width as ribs. There are nine axial folds on last two teleoconch whorls. Spiral sculpture commencing with a peripheral cord forming shoulder angle, joined on second whorl by a closely-spaced weaker cord below periphery, and a third cord near abapical suture on last two whorls (Fig. 1 Q); in the paratype of fourth rather weak spiral cord in the interspace between the two adapical cords and cord bordering abapical suture. Last whorl has three spiral threads on base and five threads on rostrum. Aperture oval, with a distinct, narrow, proportionally long (for genus) siphonal canal. Inner lip has a relatively thick callus forming a weak parietal tubercle. Fasciole is strong; a shallow but distinct false umbilicus is present. Outer lip has with heavy varicoid-rib behind thin lip edge. Anal sinus shallow but distinct. Shell pale buff colored. Dimensions: Holotype: 5.8 x 3.1 mm, aperture height 2.4 mm. Paratype: 4.9 x 2.8 mm, aperture height 2.2 mm.</p><p>Etymology. Named after Professor Nuccio Ordine of the University of Calabria, Italy.</p><p>Remarks. Horaiclavus ordinei sp. nov. is a rather peculiar species morphologically and is characterized by its small dimensions, relatively low spire, strong fasciole, relatively long siphonal canal and presence of few but distinct spiral cords. The southwestern Pacific species Horaiclavus phaeocercus Sysoev in Fedosov &amp; Kantor, 2008 and H. anaimus Sysoev in Fedosov &amp; Kantor, 2008 are superficially similar to the new species in proportions but attain a larger size (up to about 6 mm in length vs ca. 12 mm) and lack spiral sculpture on spire whorls. Among Horaiclavus species, H. multicostatus (Schepman, 1913) from Indonesia has a distinct spiral cord forming a peripheral angulation on spire whorls, but otherwise spiral sculpture in restricted to base and rostrum. Shuto proposed the monotypic subgenus Anguloclavus Shuto, 1983 for H. multicostatus (Schepman, 1913) but the status of this latter taxon, as well as of the two species here described, will remain uncertain until anatomical and/or molecular features become known.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FA87FEFFC6465EFF51FE18FB012577	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Bonfitto, Antonio;Morassi, Mauro	Bonfitto, Antonio, Morassi, Mauro (2014): Two new Horaiclavus (Horaiclavidae, Conoidea) species from the Indo-Pacific region. Zootaxa 3821 (1): 146-150, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3821.1.12
