taxonID	type	format	identifier	references	title	description	created	creator	contributor	publisher	audience	source	license	rightsHolder	datasetID
03FA6858F502BE39FEE1F95D9A66FE60.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/14857447/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14857447	Figure 2. Spirostomum minus from life (A, C, D) and after protargol staining (B, E, F). A, typical individual. B, detail of proximal portion of oral apparatus around the cytopharynx, arrow shows circumoral kinety, double arrowheads mark the paroral membrane. C, different body shapes. D, showing the distribution of cortical granules between somatic kineties. E, F, ventral (E) and dorsal (F) views to show the somatic kineties, oral ciliature and macronucleus. Scale bars = 160 μm (A), 110 μm (E, F).	Figure 2. Spirostomum minus from life (A, C, D) and after protargol staining (B, E, F). A, typical individual. B, detail of proximal portion of oral apparatus around the cytopharynx, arrow shows circumoral kinety, double arrowheads mark the paroral membrane. C, different body shapes. D, showing the distribution of cortical granules between somatic kineties. E, F, ventral (E) and dorsal (F) views to show the somatic kineties, oral ciliature and macronucleus. Scale bars = 160 μm (A), 110 μm (E, F).	2020-05-31	Chi, Yong;Duan, Lili;Luo, Xiaotian;Cheng, Ting;Warren, Alan;Huang, Jie;Chen, Xiangrui		Zenodo	biologists	Chi, Yong;Duan, Lili;Luo, Xiaotian;Cheng, Ting;Warren, Alan;Huang, Jie;Chen, Xiangrui			
03FA6858F502BE39FEE1F95D9A66FE60.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/14857449/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14857449	Figure 3. Photomicrographs of Spirostomum minus from life (A–G, I, J), after DAPI staining (H) and after protargol staining (K–O). A–C, right-lateral side views to show the cytopharynx (arrows) and contractile vacuole (arrowheads). D, contracted cell. E, detail of the oral apparatus, showing the paroral membrane (arrow) and cytopharynx (arrowheads). F, a representative individual to show the flexible body. G, dorsal view, showing the collecting canal (arrows) and macronucleus (arrowheads). H, a DAPI-stained individual to show the moniliform macronucleus. I, J, cortical granules (arrows) arranged in lines between somatic kineties. K, ventral view to show the spirally twisted somatic kineties, adoral zone and the moniliform macronucleus.L, detail of proximal portion of oral apparatus around the cytopharynx, arrows indicate circumoral kinety, arrowhead marks the paroral membrane. M, showing the micronuclei (arrowheads). N, detail of oral region showing the cytopharynx (arrow) and adoral zone of membranelles (arrowheads). O, detail of cell showing the anterior end of the shortened, postoral somatic kineties (arrowheads). Note: L, N and O are false-coloured. Abbreviations: Ma, macronucleus. Scale bars = 220 μm (B), 180 μm (A, C), 120 μm (F, K), 90 μm (D, H), 70 μm (G).	Figure 3. Photomicrographs of Spirostomum minus from life (A–G, I, J), after DAPI staining (H) and after protargol staining (K–O). A–C, right-lateral side views to show the cytopharynx (arrows) and contractile vacuole (arrowheads). D, contracted cell. E, detail of the oral apparatus, showing the paroral membrane (arrow) and cytopharynx (arrowheads). F, a representative individual to show the flexible body. G, dorsal view, showing the collecting canal (arrows) and macronucleus (arrowheads). H, a DAPI-stained individual to show the moniliform macronucleus. I, J, cortical granules (arrows) arranged in lines between somatic kineties. K, ventral view to show the spirally twisted somatic kineties, adoral zone and the moniliform macronucleus.L, detail of proximal portion of oral apparatus around the cytopharynx, arrows indicate circumoral kinety, arrowhead marks the paroral membrane. M, showing the micronuclei (arrowheads). N, detail of oral region showing the cytopharynx (arrow) and adoral zone of membranelles (arrowheads). O, detail of cell showing the anterior end of the shortened, postoral somatic kineties (arrowheads). Note: L, N and O are false-coloured. Abbreviations: Ma, macronucleus. Scale bars = 220 μm (B), 180 μm (A, C), 120 μm (F, K), 90 μm (D, H), 70 μm (G).	2020-05-31	Chi, Yong;Duan, Lili;Luo, Xiaotian;Cheng, Ting;Warren, Alan;Huang, Jie;Chen, Xiangrui		Zenodo	biologists	Chi, Yong;Duan, Lili;Luo, Xiaotian;Cheng, Ting;Warren, Alan;Huang, Jie;Chen, Xiangrui			
03FA6858F506BE34FC97FF019E42FC76.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/14857451/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14857451	Figure 4. Spirostomum subtilis from life (A, B, F) and after protargol staining (C–E, G–J). A, right-lateral view of representative specimen, arrow marks the proximal end of the adoral zone of membranelles, arrowheads indicate the prominent contractile vacuole. B, typical individual, arrow shows the contractile vacuole. C, D, ventral (C) and dorsal (D) views to show the somatic kineties, oral ciliature and macronucleus. E, detail of proximal portion of oral apparatus around the cytopharynx, arrow indicates circumoral kinety, arrowhead marks the paroral membrane. F, cortical granules arranged in single line between ciliary rows. G, general infraciliature, to show the moniliform macronucleus. H, detail of oral apparatus, arrows mark the adoral zone of membranelles, arrowhead shows the cytopharynx; I, circumoral kinety (arrows). J, detail of shortened somatic kineties, arrows indicate postoral somatic kineties. Scale bars = 320 μm (B), 260 μm (A), 170 μm (C, D).	Figure 4. Spirostomum subtilis from life (A, B, F) and after protargol staining (C–E, G–J). A, right-lateral view of representative specimen, arrow marks the proximal end of the adoral zone of membranelles, arrowheads indicate the prominent contractile vacuole. B, typical individual, arrow shows the contractile vacuole. C, D, ventral (C) and dorsal (D) views to show the somatic kineties, oral ciliature and macronucleus. E, detail of proximal portion of oral apparatus around the cytopharynx, arrow indicates circumoral kinety, arrowhead marks the paroral membrane. F, cortical granules arranged in single line between ciliary rows. G, general infraciliature, to show the moniliform macronucleus. H, detail of oral apparatus, arrows mark the adoral zone of membranelles, arrowhead shows the cytopharynx; I, circumoral kinety (arrows). J, detail of shortened somatic kineties, arrows indicate postoral somatic kineties. Scale bars = 320 μm (B), 260 μm (A), 170 μm (C, D).	2020-05-31	Chi, Yong;Duan, Lili;Luo, Xiaotian;Cheng, Ting;Warren, Alan;Huang, Jie;Chen, Xiangrui		Zenodo	biologists	Chi, Yong;Duan, Lili;Luo, Xiaotian;Cheng, Ting;Warren, Alan;Huang, Jie;Chen, Xiangrui			
03FA6858F506BE34FC97FF019E42FC76.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/14857453/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14857453	Figure 5. Photomicrographs of Spirostomum subtilis from life (A–I) and after DAPI staining (J). A, B, G, right-lateral views of representative individuals, showing various body shapes, cytopharynx (arrows) and contractile vacuole (arrowheads). C, showing contractile vacuole (arrow). D, E, contracted cells, showing the macronucleus (arrows in D) and collecting canal (arrowheads in D). F, a representative cell, to show the cytopharynx (arrow), adoral zone of membranelles (arrowheads) and contractile vacuole (double arrowheads). H, I, cortical granules arranged in irregular single line between somatic kineties (arrows). J, a DAPI-stained individual to show the moniliform macronucleus and tiny micronuclei (arrowheads). Abbreviations: Ma, macronucleus. Scale bars = 430 μm (B, G), 360 μm (A), 280 μm (C), 210 μm (D, E, J), 150 μm (F).	Figure 5. Photomicrographs of Spirostomum subtilis from life (A–I) and after DAPI staining (J). A, B, G, right-lateral views of representative individuals, showing various body shapes, cytopharynx (arrows) and contractile vacuole (arrowheads). C, showing contractile vacuole (arrow). D, E, contracted cells, showing the macronucleus (arrows in D) and collecting canal (arrowheads in D). F, a representative cell, to show the cytopharynx (arrow), adoral zone of membranelles (arrowheads) and contractile vacuole (double arrowheads). H, I, cortical granules arranged in irregular single line between somatic kineties (arrows). J, a DAPI-stained individual to show the moniliform macronucleus and tiny micronuclei (arrowheads). Abbreviations: Ma, macronucleus. Scale bars = 430 μm (B, G), 360 μm (A), 280 μm (C), 210 μm (D, E, J), 150 μm (F).	2020-05-31	Chi, Yong;Duan, Lili;Luo, Xiaotian;Cheng, Ting;Warren, Alan;Huang, Jie;Chen, Xiangrui		Zenodo	biologists	Chi, Yong;Duan, Lili;Luo, Xiaotian;Cheng, Ting;Warren, Alan;Huang, Jie;Chen, Xiangrui			
03FA6858F506BE34FC97FF019E42FC76.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/14857455/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14857455	Figure 6. Spirostomum teres from life (A, B, D) and after protargol staining (C, E, F). A, right-lateral view of typical specimen. B, different body shapes. C, detail of proximal portion of oral apparatus around the cytopharynx, showing the circumoral kinety (arrow and double arrowheads) and paroral membrane (arrowhead). D, distribution of cortical granules between somatic kineties. E, F, ventral (E) and dorsal (F) views to show the somatic kineties, oral ciliature and macronucleus. Scale bars = 100 μm (A), 80 μm (E, F).	Figure 6. Spirostomum teres from life (A, B, D) and after protargol staining (C, E, F). A, right-lateral view of typical specimen. B, different body shapes. C, detail of proximal portion of oral apparatus around the cytopharynx, showing the circumoral kinety (arrow and double arrowheads) and paroral membrane (arrowhead). D, distribution of cortical granules between somatic kineties. E, F, ventral (E) and dorsal (F) views to show the somatic kineties, oral ciliature and macronucleus. Scale bars = 100 μm (A), 80 μm (E, F).	2020-05-31	Chi, Yong;Duan, Lili;Luo, Xiaotian;Cheng, Ting;Warren, Alan;Huang, Jie;Chen, Xiangrui		Zenodo	biologists	Chi, Yong;Duan, Lili;Luo, Xiaotian;Cheng, Ting;Warren, Alan;Huang, Jie;Chen, Xiangrui			
03FA6858F506BE34FC97FF019E42FC76.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/14857457/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14857457	Figure 7. Photomicrographs of Spirostomum teres from life (A–G), after DAPI staining (H) and after protargol staining (I–M). A, right-lateral side view to show the cytopharynx (arrow) and contractile vacuole (arrowheads). B, C, different body shapes, showing the cytopharynx (arrows) and macronucleus (arrowhead). D, E, dorsal view, showing the ellipsoidal macronucleus (arrows) and collecting canal (arrowheads). F, G, cortical granules arranged in lines between somatic kineties. H, a DAPI-stained individual to show the ellipsoidal macronucleus. I, ventral view to show the spirally twisted somatic kineties, adoral zone of membranelles, and the ellipsoidal macronucleus. J, detail of anterior portion of oral apparatus, showing the circumoral kinety (arrow) and adoral zone of membranelles (arrowheads). K, nuclear apparatus; arrowhead depicts the micronucleus. L, to show the anterior end of the shortened, postoral somatic kineties (arrowheads). M, detail of oral apparatus, showing the paroral membrane (arrow) and circumoral kinety (arrowheads). Abbreviations: Ma, macronucleus. Scale bars = 130 μm (C), 110 μm (B, E), 90 μm (A, D), 60 μm (H, I).	Figure 7. Photomicrographs of Spirostomum teres from life (A–G), after DAPI staining (H) and after protargol staining (I–M). A, right-lateral side view to show the cytopharynx (arrow) and contractile vacuole (arrowheads). B, C, different body shapes, showing the cytopharynx (arrows) and macronucleus (arrowhead). D, E, dorsal view, showing the ellipsoidal macronucleus (arrows) and collecting canal (arrowheads). F, G, cortical granules arranged in lines between somatic kineties. H, a DAPI-stained individual to show the ellipsoidal macronucleus. I, ventral view to show the spirally twisted somatic kineties, adoral zone of membranelles, and the ellipsoidal macronucleus. J, detail of anterior portion of oral apparatus, showing the circumoral kinety (arrow) and adoral zone of membranelles (arrowheads). K, nuclear apparatus; arrowhead depicts the micronucleus. L, to show the anterior end of the shortened, postoral somatic kineties (arrowheads). M, detail of oral apparatus, showing the paroral membrane (arrow) and circumoral kinety (arrowheads). Abbreviations: Ma, macronucleus. Scale bars = 130 μm (C), 110 μm (B, E), 90 μm (A, D), 60 μm (H, I).	2020-05-31	Chi, Yong;Duan, Lili;Luo, Xiaotian;Cheng, Ting;Warren, Alan;Huang, Jie;Chen, Xiangrui		Zenodo	biologists	Chi, Yong;Duan, Lili;Luo, Xiaotian;Cheng, Ting;Warren, Alan;Huang, Jie;Chen, Xiangrui			
03FA6858F506BE34FC97FF019E42FC76.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/14857459/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14857459	Figure 8. Maximum likelihood (ML) tree based on SSU rDNA sequences of heterotrichous ciliates. Members of the class Karyorelictea are the outgroup taxa. Numbers near branches show the bootstrap values from ML and posterior probabilities of BI. Disagreements between ML and BI are shown by asterisks. The species newly sequenced in this study are shown in red bold font. The scale bar corresponds to 2 substitutions per 100 nucleotide positions.	Figure 8. Maximum likelihood (ML) tree based on SSU rDNA sequences of heterotrichous ciliates. Members of the class Karyorelictea are the outgroup taxa. Numbers near branches show the bootstrap values from ML and posterior probabilities of BI. Disagreements between ML and BI are shown by asterisks. The species newly sequenced in this study are shown in red bold font. The scale bar corresponds to 2 substitutions per 100 nucleotide positions.	2020-05-31	Chi, Yong;Duan, Lili;Luo, Xiaotian;Cheng, Ting;Warren, Alan;Huang, Jie;Chen, Xiangrui		Zenodo	biologists	Chi, Yong;Duan, Lili;Luo, Xiaotian;Cheng, Ting;Warren, Alan;Huang, Jie;Chen, Xiangrui			
