identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
C2876D14F8F8F0D20F57A8FF092A8051.text	C2876D14F8F8F0D20F57A8FF092A8051.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Corixoidea (Dichaetonecta) Hutchinson 1940	<div><p>Taxon classification Animalia Hemiptera Micronectidae</p><p>Subgenus Dichaetonecta Hutchinson, 1940</p><p>Type species.</p><p>Sigara scholtzi Fieber, 1860, by original designation.</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Male: palar claw usually of moderate size, strigil present, seventh abdominal sternite with one or two strongly developed bristles, prestrigilar flap with a very obtuse tip, left paramere variable but not with a plate-like shaft with sub parallel margins, right paramere elongate.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/C2876D14F8F8F0D20F57A8FF092A8051	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Chen, Ping-ping;Nieser, Nico;Lapidin, Johnny	Chen, Ping-ping, Nieser, Nico, Lapidin, Johnny (2015): A review of Bornean Micronectidae (Hemiptera, Heteroptera, Nepomorpha) with descriptions of two new species from Sabah, Malaysia 1. ZooKeys 501: 27-62, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.501.9416, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.501.9416
B382A71818EA7B340D214A5460E49AE0.text	B382A71818EA7B340D214A5460E49AE0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Micronecta (Dichaetonecta) decorata Lundblad 1933	<div><p>Taxon classification Animalia Hemiptera Micronectidae</p><p>Micronecta (Dichaetonecta) decorata Lundblad, 1933 Figs 14, 24, 30, 31, 43, 51, 58, 66, 74, 75, 90</p><p>Micronecta decorata Lundblad, 1933: 93-94 (original description).</p><p>Micronecta decorata: Wróblewski 1968: 775 (checklist).</p><p>Micronecta decorata: Nieser 2000: 287 (key).</p><p>Micronecta decorata: Chen et al. 2005: 420 (checklist).</p><p>Material examined.</p><p>THAILAND (new record for Thailand): Chiang Mai Province: Doi Saket, Ban Pong Ao, Kuang River at bridge in road 118, 38 km NE Chiang Mai City, 30.i.2002, leg. P. Chen, N. Nieser, A. Thanyakam &amp; C. Duangsupa, C0220, 19 males 30 females. Uttaradit Province: Baan Muangchedton, Lake Naam Pat, 10 km W of Ban Khok town, 10.ii.2002, stagnant ponds downstream of barrage, 10.ii.2002, leg. P. Chen, N. Nieser, A. Thanyakam, C. Duangsupa &amp; W. Jaiyai, C0231, 7 males 13 females. All macropterous (samples stored in ethanol 70%). MALAYSIA: Sabah (confirmation of occurrence in Borneo): Kota Belud Dist., Crocker Range Park, Sungai Mahua at substation beside restaurant, 05°47.53'N, 116°24.19'E, 1053 m. a.s.l., 22.ix.2012, leg. P. Chen, N. Nieser &amp; J. Lapidin, CN1283, 1 male and 1 female macropterous. (All are in the collection of NCTN).</p><p>Redescription.</p><p>Macropterous specimens. Generally a medium-sized, (length 2.2-2.4 mm) yellowish-brown species, with darker markings varying from virtually absent (Fig. 14) to quite distinct, medium- brown: a V-shaped stripe on clavus and four interrupted longitudinal stripes on corium (Fig. 24); eyes castaneous to grayish.</p><p>Dimensions. Body length: male 2.2-2.3, female 2.2-2.4; width: male 1.01-1.06, female 1.00-1.18; diatone: male 0.77-0.81, female 0.75-0.84; width of pronotum: male 0.82-0.88, female 0.81-0.93; ocular index: male 1.56-1.77, female 1.48-1.65. Body length twice the maximal width (male 2.23/1.04, female 2.33/1.12). Pronotum slightly wider than head (H/P male 0.80/0.85, female 0.81/0.88), synthlipsis one and half times the posterior width of an eye (S/E male 0.37/0.21, female 0.36/0.24).</p><p>Colour. Frons and vertex sordid yellow, eyes castaneous to grayish. Pronotum yellowish-brown, disk without markings except for a distinct yellowish stripe on posterior margin. Hemelytra light brown, with elongate darker marks arranged in four interrupted, longitudinal, brown stripes on corium (Fig. 24). Right membrane slightly paler than corium, without markings; left membrane hyaline. Embolium yellowish brown with three brown spots. Venter, abdomen, thorax, and legs pale yellow. [Our Thai material contains specimens with only a very vague or virtually absent hemelytral pattern. The Borneo specimens show a hemelytral pattern similar to Micronecta quadristrigata as stated by Lundblad (1933). Apparently, the hemelytral pattern fades when the specimens are stored in 70% or 96% ethanol].</p><p>Pronotum. About two and a half times as wide as long (W/L 0.87/0.36), dorsally convex with lateral margins straight and more or less truncate (Fig. 14). Hemelytra smooth, with four shallow, longitudinal grooves on corium, densely beset with small spinules, notably on corium. The right membrane texture same as corium, smooth without grooves or spines. Spines laterally on abdominal segments: V with two short and one longer stout spine; VI with three short and one long spine; VII with two or three short and one long stout spine; VIII with four or five short and one long, stout spine or sometimes without a long spine and two long hair-like bristles.</p><p>Legs. Length of segments: fore leg: male: femur 0.28, tibia 0.14, pala 0.15; female: femur 0.31, tibiotarsus 0.30; middle leg: male: femur 0.85, tibia 0.27, tarsus 0.39, claw 0.30; female: femur 0.85, tibia 0.29, tarsus 0.40, claw 0.28; hind leg: male: femur 0.51, tibia 0.40, tarsus I 0.39, tarsus II 0.19, claw 0.13; female: femur 0.52, tibia 0.42, tarsus I 0.37, tarsus II 0.19, claw 0.12. Palmar bristles: 21-23 in upper row, 17-18 in lower row.</p><p>Male. Fore femur (Fig. 30), with a pair of pegs on proximal third, a small peg distally, and a larger bristle-like spine sub-distally; pala with four long dorsal hairs. Claw (Fig. 31) parallel sided, with a transverse carina. Dorsum of abdomen: prestrigilar lobe sub-triangular, with a short, obtusely rounded apex (Fig. 43); strigil small, sub-oval, comb with about 45 comparatively distinct teeth (Fig. 51); free lobe of left part of tergite VIII with an expanded apex (Fig. 66), a sinuate apical margin, and 10-15 apical bristles. Left paramere (Fig. 75) with a narrow, apically, slightly dilated shaft and a subapical indentation; right paramere in lateral view (Fig. 74) with an evenly curved, sickle-shaped shaft, apex acutely tapering, basal lobe with about 25 stridulatory ridges. Mediocaudal lobe of sternite VII (Fig. 58) with apical part acutely pointed, with one strongly developed bristle.</p><p>Female. Fore femur with the same general arrangement of pegs and setae as in male. The seminal capsule of spermatheca clavate (Fig. 90).</p><p>Comparative notes.</p><p>Males can be recognized by the form of the free lobe of tergite VIII. The palmar claw of the male, with its oblique carina, also is unique but it is often folded into the palm, usually making it difficult to observe.</p><p>Habitat.</p><p>We have taken this species several times in Chiang Mai and other northern provinces in Thailand, where it is apparently quite common. Sample C0220 was taken from shallow virtually stagnant water in a wide unshaded river bed with a sandy bottom.</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>Thailand (see above); Malay Peninsula ( Wróblewski 1968: record for Malaysia without exact locality; Fernando and Cheng 1974); INDONESIA: Sumatra (Lundblad 1933), Java (Lundblad 1933); and Borneo.</p><p>Note.</p><p>Wróblewski (1968) recorded this species from Borneo with a question mark. His speculation is confirmed here.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/B382A71818EA7B340D214A5460E49AE0	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Chen, Ping-ping;Nieser, Nico;Lapidin, Johnny	Chen, Ping-ping, Nieser, Nico, Lapidin, Johnny (2015): A review of Bornean Micronectidae (Hemiptera, Heteroptera, Nepomorpha) with descriptions of two new species from Sabah, Malaysia 1. ZooKeys 501: 27-62, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.501.9416, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.501.9416
8FE1E08435E4ED6556CDFD31B8E9D8D4.text	8FE1E08435E4ED6556CDFD31B8E9D8D4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Micronecta Kirkaldy 1897	<div><p>Taxon classification Animalia Hemiptera Micronectidae</p><p>Genus Micronecta Kirkaldy, 1897</p><p>Type species.</p><p>Notonecta minutissima (Linnaeus, 1758), by original designation.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/8FE1E08435E4ED6556CDFD31B8E9D8D4	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Chen, Ping-ping;Nieser, Nico;Lapidin, Johnny	Chen, Ping-ping, Nieser, Nico, Lapidin, Johnny (2015): A review of Bornean Micronectidae (Hemiptera, Heteroptera, Nepomorpha) with descriptions of two new species from Sabah, Malaysia 1. ZooKeys 501: 27-62, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.501.9416, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.501.9416
8EF872DE747A21F75DA6DAE47CEA0A9A.text	8EF872DE747A21F75DA6DAE47CEA0A9A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Micronecta (Dichaetonecta) ludibunda Breddin 1905	<div><p>Taxon classification Animalia Hemiptera Micronectidae</p><p>Micronecta (Dichaetonecta) ludibunda Breddin, 1905 Figs 15, 22, 25, 32, 33, 44, 52, 59, 67, 76, 77, 91</p><p>Micronecta ludibunda Breddin, 1905a: 57 (original description).</p><p>Micronecta ludibunda: Breddin 1905b: 157-158 (extensive description).</p><p>Micronecta graphiptera Horváth, 1918: 146 (original description).</p><p>Micronecta ludibunda: Lundblad 1933: 95-96 (redescription).</p><p>Micronecta inconspicua Lundblad, 1933: 96-98 (original description).</p><p>Micronecta striatella Lundblad, 1933: 98-100 (original description).</p><p>Micronecta ludibunda: Wróblewski 1968: 765-767 (redescription)</p><p>Micronecta ludibunda: Nieser and Chen 1999: 80 (record from Kalimantan Timur)</p><p>Micronecta ludibunda: Polhemus and Golia 2006: 531-534 (occurrence in Florida, USA).</p><p>Micronecta ludibunda: Tinerella 2008: 29-34 (redescription, extensive synonymy).</p><p>Type material examined.</p><p>Syntypes, INDONESIA: "Kotype; Buitenzorg (= Borgor) Java, K. Kraepelin; leg. 24. II– 12.III.1904, ded.8.VI.1904; Breddin determ.; Lundblad revid. 1934", 2 males 2 females (ZMUH).</p><p>Additional material examined.</p><p>THAILAND: Chon Buri Province: Khao Khaew Open Zoo, ponds, 7.iv.2001, leg. P. Chen, S. Leepitakrat &amp; B. Kavinseksan, 50 males 50 females (sample stored in 70% ethanol in NCTN).</p><p>Redescription.</p><p>Brachypterous and macropterous specimens. Generally a medium-sized (length 1.9-2.4 mm), yellowish-brown, species with four distinct, uninterrupted, longitudinal stripes on corium (Figs 15, 22, 25), and a variable darker pattern on pronotum, typically consisting of a pair of oval rings. Brachypterous and macropterous specimens differ in the development of the pronotum, but the differences between the brachypterous and macropterous morph are less pronounced than in most other species of Micronecta .</p><p>Dimensions. Body length: brachypterous male 1.9-2.2, macropterous male 2.1-2.3, brachypterous female 1.9-2.3, macropterous female 2.2-2.4; width: male 1.01-1.18, female 1.04-1.22; diatone: male 0.68-0.85, female 0.70-0.87; width of pronotum: male 0.69-0.87, female 0.71-0.92; ocular index: male 1.02-1.18, female 0.87-1.14. Body length twice the maximal width (male 2.06/1.05, female 2.25/1.15). Pronotum slightly wider than head (H/P male 0.76/0.78, female 0.77/0.81), synthlipsis subequal to the posterior width of an eye (S/E male 0.24/0.24, female 0.26/0.28).</p><p>Colour. Frons and vertex sordid yellow, eyes castaneous. Pronotum yellowish brown, disk typically with a pair of darker oval rings, varying from nearly absent via fragmented rings to complete; posterior margin with a distinct yellowish stripe. Hemelytra yellowish brown; clavus with a darker, V-shaped, medium-brown stripe; corium typically with four longitudinal, medium-brown, uninterrupted stripes (Figs 15, 22, 25); embolium yellowish with four or five brown spots; right membrane poorly delimited from the corium, with the same colour and texture but without darker stripes; left membrane more distinctly separated from corium, hyaline, and more membranous than corium. Venter, abdomen, thorax, and legs pale yellow.</p><p>Pronotum short (Fig. 15), about four times as wide as long (W/L 0.79/0.20); in brachypterous specimens dorsally flat, in macropterous specimens dorsally somewhat convex. Hemelytra smooth, sparsely beset with small spinules, notably on corium. Spines laterally on abdominal segments: V with two short and one longer stout spine; VI with two short, and one long spine; VII with two or three short, and one long stout spine; VIII with five short and one long stout spine, and one long hair-like bristle.</p><p>Legs. Length of leg segments: fore leg: male: femur 0.26, tibia 0.14, pala 0.14; female: femur 0.26, tibiotarsus 0.26; middle leg: male: femur 0.70, tibia 0.23, tarsus 0.30, claw 0.25, female: femur 0.76, tibia 0.23, tarsus 0.33, claw 0.26; hind leg: male: femur 0.46, tibia 0.36, tarsus I 0.40, tarsus II 0.13, claw 0.08; female: femur 0.48, tibia 0.37, tarsus I 0.42, tarsus II 0.16, claw 0.08. Palmar bristles: 10 to 11 in upper row, 10 to 11 in lower row.</p><p>Male . Fore femur (Figs 32, 33) with a pair of pegs on proximal third and a pair of small pegs distally; pala with three long dorsal hairs. Claw slender and clavate, apex mucronate. Dorsum of abdomen: prestrigilar lobe (Fig. 44) sub-triangular, with a short, truncate apex; strigil (Fig. 52) small, suboval, comb with about 55 comparatively distinct teeth; free lobe of left part of tergite VIII (Fig. 67) with a slightly expanded apex and 10-15 apical bristles. Left paramere (Fig. 77) with a narrow, more or less parallel-sided shaft, apex laterally compressed, flag-like; right paramere in lateral view (Fig. 76) with an evenly curved shaft and tapering apex, basal lobe not distinctly differentiated from basal part of paramere, with over 50 stridulatory ridges. Mediocaudal lobe of sternite VII (Fig. 59) long, with apical part elongate and obtusely rounded to pointed apically, with or without one to two larger bristles.</p><p>Female. Fore femur with the same general arrangement of pegs and setae as in male. The seminal capsule of spermatheca mushroom-shaped (Fig. 91).</p><p>Comparative notes.</p><p>Within Bornean Micronecta, this species is easily recognized in both sexes by its distinct linear pattern on the hemelytra (Figs 15, 22, 25).</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>This species with a wide distributional pattern, so far has been reported from: India and Sri Lanka (Hutchinson 1940, Wróblewski 1972), Thailand ( Wróblewski 1968), Vietnam ( Wróblewski 1967), West Malaysia (Leong 1966), Indonesia (Breddin 1905a, Lundblad 1933, Nieser and Chen 1999), New Guinea and Solomon Islands (Tinerella 2008), and introduced into Florida, U.S.A. (Polhemus and Golia 2006). Nieser and Chen (1999) mentioned one male from Borneo: Kalimantan Timur in NHMW.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/8EF872DE747A21F75DA6DAE47CEA0A9A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Chen, Ping-ping;Nieser, Nico;Lapidin, Johnny	Chen, Ping-ping, Nieser, Nico, Lapidin, Johnny (2015): A review of Bornean Micronectidae (Hemiptera, Heteroptera, Nepomorpha) with descriptions of two new species from Sabah, Malaysia 1. ZooKeys 501: 27-62, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.501.9416, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.501.9416
D59B33F877745F4BADDA330A8D506D04.text	D59B33F877745F4BADDA330A8D506D04.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Corixoidea (Micronecta) Kirkaldy 1897	<div><p>Taxon classification Animalia Hemiptera Micronectidae</p><p>Subgenus Micronecta Kirkaldy, 1897</p><p>Type species.</p><p>Notonecta minutissima Linnaeus, 1758, by original designation.</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Males with palar claw usually relatively large and apically dilated; sternite VIII with three to six (usually four) well-developed bristles; shaft of left paramere usually plate-like with subparallel margins.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/D59B33F877745F4BADDA330A8D506D04	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Chen, Ping-ping;Nieser, Nico;Lapidin, Johnny	Chen, Ping-ping, Nieser, Nico, Lapidin, Johnny (2015): A review of Bornean Micronectidae (Hemiptera, Heteroptera, Nepomorpha) with descriptions of two new species from Sabah, Malaysia 1. ZooKeys 501: 27-62, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.501.9416, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.501.9416
E7BA80B922E73D3040C8D42A250F3E62.text	E7BA80B922E73D3040C8D42A250F3E62.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Micronecta (Micronecta) lumutensis Chen, Nieser & Lansbury 2008	<div><p>Taxon classification Animalia Hemiptera Micronectidae</p><p>Micronecta (Micronecta) lumutensis Chen, Nieser &amp; Lansbury, 2008 Figs 16, 34, 45, 60, 68, 78, 79, 92</p><p>Micronecta lumutensis Chen, Nieser &amp; Lansbury, 2008: 270-272 (original description).</p><p>Type material examined.</p><p>INDONESIA: Kalimantan Timur: Pasir, Gunung Lumut, 2 km E of Rantaulayong, 01°36.36'S, 115°58.38'E, 24.XI.2005, E. Gassó Miracle, EGM25, evergreen rainforest along river, at light, ML 19/21 hrs., 1 male holotype, 1 male and 2 female paratypes, all macropterous (RMNH).</p><p>Redescription.</p><p>Macropterous form. Generally a small (body length 1.5 mm) grayish Micronecta, with poorly contrasting markings.</p><p>Dimensions. Body length: male 1.48-1.52, female 1.45-1.50; width: male 0.69-0.72, female 0.52-0.54; diatone: male 0.49-0.51, female 0.52-0.54; width of pronotum: male 0.54-0.57, female 0.56-0.58; ocular index: male 1.77-1.78, female 1.59-1.60. Body length 2.1-2.5 times the maximal width. Pronotum slightly wider than head, synthlipsis wider than the posterior width of an eye (S/E 0.24/0.16).</p><p>Colour. Vertex sordid yellow, the frons yellowish with a brown spot, eyes grey, rostrum yellowish with dark brown transverse grooves. Pronotum yellowish brown, disk unmarked, posterior and lateral margins with a yellowish stripe. Hemelytra yellowish brown, apex of clavus darker brown, corium with three interrupted longitudinal brown stripes (Fig. 16), right membrane poorly delimited from the corium, with the same colour and texture as corium but without darker stripes, left membrane more distinctly separated from its corium, hyaline, and more membranous than the corium. Venter of abdomen and thorax grayish, legs yellowish.</p><p>Pronotum (Fig. 16) convex dorsally, about two and half times as wide as long (W/L male 0.56/2.1, female 0.57/0.23). Hemelytra smooth, beset with small spinules, notably on corium, arranged in longitudinal rows, and along the membranal suture. Spines laterally on abdominal segments: V with two short and one longer stout spines; VI with two or three short and one intermediate spine; VII with three or four short, one intermediate, and one or two long, stout spines; VIII with five short spines and two long hair-like bristles.</p><p>Legs. Length of leg segments: fore leg: male: femur 0.19, tibia 0.07, pala 0.11; female: femur 0.20, tibiotarsus 0.20; middle leg: male and female: femur 0.49, tibia 0.17, tarsus 0.24, claw 0.17; hind leg: male and female: femur 0.31, tibia 0.25, tarsus I 0.26, tarsus II 0.12, claw 0.07. Palmar bristles: about 15 in upper row, about 16 in lower row.</p><p>Male. Fore femur (Fig. 34) with a pair of pegs on proximal third, a subdistal peg dorsally, and one or two small pegs distally; pala with three long, dorsal hairs. Claw slender, clavate. Dorsum of abdomen: prestrigilar flap (Fig. 45) with a short, acute apex; strigil small, suboval, at a magnification of 400 ×, no separate teeth observable; free lobe of left part of tergite VIII (Fig. 68) more or less parallel-sided, softly curved, with a rounded apex and 9-10 apical bristles. Mediocaudal lobe of sternite VII (Fig. 60) short, acute, with three or four larger bristles. Left paramere (Fig. 79) apically slightly dilated, with an apical impression; right paramere in lateral view (Fig. 78) gradually widened toward apex, basal lobe with about eight stridulatory ridges.</p><p>Female. Fore femur with the same general arrangement of pegs and setae as in male. Seminal capsule of spermatheca mushroom-shaped (Fig. 92).</p><p>Comparative notes.</p><p>The small size, with a body length of about 1.5 mm, separates this species from other Bornean species except Micronecta skutalis . Males of Micronecta lumutensis and Micronecta skutalis can be separated by the characters of parameres as given in the key (Figs 78-79, 84-85). In addition, the seminal capsule of Micronecta lumutensis is mushroom-shaped (Fig. 92), whereas that of Micronecta skutalis is egg- or urn-shaped (Fig. 95). Females can be indentified only by their association with males.</p><p>Habitat.</p><p>The type specimens were collected at light in a mountainous area.</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>Indonesia: Kalimantan Timur (Chen et al. 2008).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/E7BA80B922E73D3040C8D42A250F3E62	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Chen, Ping-ping;Nieser, Nico;Lapidin, Johnny	Chen, Ping-ping, Nieser, Nico, Lapidin, Johnny (2015): A review of Bornean Micronectidae (Hemiptera, Heteroptera, Nepomorpha) with descriptions of two new species from Sabah, Malaysia 1. ZooKeys 501: 27-62, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.501.9416, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.501.9416
B72B0987B69C624ABD1404F2CAF36BBB.text	B72B0987B69C624ABD1404F2CAF36BBB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Micronecta (Micronecta) liewi	<div><p>Taxon classification Animalia Hemiptera Micronectidae</p><p>Micronecta (Micronecta) liewi sp. n. Figs 17, 26, 35, 36, 46, 53, 61, 69, 82, 83, 93, 98</p><p>Type material examined.</p><p>Holotype: male (body length 1.72, in RMNH), MALAYSIA: Sabah, Crocker Range, Inobong Substation, Sungai Kibambangan (Fig. 98), downstream of waterfall, 05°51.28'N, 116°08.41'E, 433 m. a.s.l., 18.ix.2012, leg. P. Chen, N. Nieser &amp; J. Lapidin, CN1277. Paratypes: same data as holotype, 12 males, 17 females. All macropterous (in RMNH, NCTN, NMPC, ZCSM).</p><p>Description.</p><p>Macropterous form (Fig. 17). Generally, a rather small (body length 1.7-1.8) yellowish to light brown species, with distinct brown markings.</p><p>Dimensions. Length: male 1.71-1.79, female 1.72-1.82; width: male 0.89-0.90, female 0.89-0.93; diatone: male 0.65-0.68, female 0.64-0.69; width of pronotum: male 0.71-0.71, female 0.70-0.75; ocular index: male 1.82-2.06, female 1.89-2.18. Body length twice maximal width (male 1.74/0.90, female 1.78/0.91).</p><p>Colour. Frons and vertex sordid yellow, eyes dark castaneous. Pronotum and hemelytra sordid yellow to light brown, the hemelytra with a broad transverse medium to dark brown band at middle (Fig. 26), left membrane medium to dark brown. Disk of pronotum unmarked. Venter and thorax sordid yellow, laterally infuscate, abdomen grayish brown, medially variably lighter. Legs pale yellow.</p><p>Head slightly narrower than pronotum, synthlipsis 1.7-1.8 times as wide as the posterior margin of an eye.</p><p>Pronotum well developed, dorsally convex with lateral margins distinctly straight, and more or less truncate (Fig. 17), slightly over 2.5 times as wide as long (W/L male 0.71/0.26, female 0.72/0.28). Hemelytra (Fig. 26) smooth, beset with extremely small unobtrusive spinules. Spines laterally on abdominal segments: V with one short and one long spine, VI with two short, and two long spines; VII with three or four short and one long spine; VIII with four or five medium long spines and two long hair-like bristles.</p><p>Legs. Length of leg segments: fore leg: male: femur 0.24, tibia 0.11, pala 0.12; female: femur 0.23, tibiotarsus 0.22; middle leg: male: femur 0.54, tibia 0.17, tarsus 0.25, claw 0.14; female: femur 0.56, tibia 0.19, tarsus 0.23, claw 0.15; hind leg: male: femur 0.39, tibia 0.29, tarsus I 0.32, tarsus II 0.13, claw 0.08; female: femur 0.42, tibia 0.33, tarsus I 0.32, tarsus II 0.13, claw 0.08. Palmar bristles: about 13 in lower row and ca. 11 in upper row.</p><p>Male . Fore femur (Fig. 35) with a pair of pegs in proximal third, one peg dorsally at distal third and two pegs dorsodistally; tibia without dorsoapical peg; pala with three comparatively short dorsal hairs, 10-12 short bristles in upper row, distal bristle of upper row much stouter and longer than other upper bristles, and 14 to 16 longer bristles in lower row. Claw simple, elongate (Fig. 36). Dorsum of abdomen: prestrigilar lobe (Fig. 46) with a pointed apex, strigil small and narrow (Fig. 53), comb with about 75 teeth, free lobe of left part of tergite VIII (Fig. 69) caudally truncate. Left paramere (Fig. 83) with a wide shaft, apex with short longitudinal grooves; right paramere (Fig. 82) with a medium-sized shaft and a slightly expanded apex, basal lobe strongly developed, stridulatory ridges not observed. Mediocaudal lobe of sternite VII (Fig. 61) with four bristles.</p><p>Female. Fore femur with the same general arrangement of pegs and setae as in male. Seminal capsule of spermatheca urn-shaped (Fig. 93).</p><p>Comparative notes.</p><p>The hemelytral pattern is diagnostic among the Melanesian Micronecta fauna. Micronecta liewi is similar to Micronecta melanopardala melanopardala Nieser &amp; Chen, 2003 described from the Philippines by having a similar transverse band midway along the hemelytra, but it differs from Micronecta melanopardala melanopardala by lacking a dark patch on the clavi as in Micronecta melanopardala . In general, Micronecta liewi has more distinct dark markings than in Micronecta melanopardala adiaphana Nieser &amp; Chen, 2003. Furthermore, in both subspecies of Micronecta melanopardala, the shafts of the right parameres are more slender than Micronecta liewi, and the apex of the right paramere of Micronecta melanopardala is not expanded.</p><p>The strongly developed distal bristle of the upper row on the male pala (Figs 35, 36) gives impression of an additional claw as in the subgenus Unguinecta Nieser, Chen &amp; Yang, 2005 from southern continental Asia. However, the four bristles on mediocaudal lobe of sternite VII of the male, the shape of the parameres, and the shape of the free lobe on the left part of tergite VIII of the male will all allow placement in the subgenus Micronecta .</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>This species is named in honor of Dr. Thor Seng Liew (NBC Naturalis and Sabah University, Malaysia), for his outstanding contributions to the study of the biodiversity of Sabah, and his invaluable help with our work on water bugs in Borneo.</p><p>Habitat.</p><p>The type series was collected in a small, virtually stagnant bay on the downstream side of Kibambangan waterfall (Fig. 98).</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>Malaysia: Sabah (this paper).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/B72B0987B69C624ABD1404F2CAF36BBB	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Chen, Ping-ping;Nieser, Nico;Lapidin, Johnny	Chen, Ping-ping, Nieser, Nico, Lapidin, Johnny (2015): A review of Bornean Micronectidae (Hemiptera, Heteroptera, Nepomorpha) with descriptions of two new species from Sabah, Malaysia 1. ZooKeys 501: 27-62, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.501.9416, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.501.9416
2F195B7DD2FE7911C57EF186D38F1F69.text	2F195B7DD2FE7911C57EF186D38F1F69.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Micronecta (Micronecta) lakimi	<div><p>Taxon classification Animalia Hemiptera Micronectidae</p><p>Micronecta (Micronecta) lakimi sp. n. Figs 18, 27, 37, 38, 47, 54, 62, 70, 80, 81, 94, 99</p><p>Type material examined.</p><p>Holotype: male (body length 1.00 mm, in RMNH), MALAYSIA: Sabah, Kota Belud Dist., Crocker Range, Mahua Substation, Mahua waterfall (fig. 99), 05°47.59'N, 116°24.08'E, 1215 m. a.s.l., 21.IX. 2012, leg. P. Chen, N. Nieser &amp; J. Lapidin, CN1281. Paratypes: same data as holotype, 7 males, 25 females; MALAYSIA: Sabah, Kota Belud Dist., Crocker Range Park, Sungai Mahua near entrance of Mahua Substation, 05°47.53'N, 116°24.19'E, 1053 m. a.s.l., 22.ix.2012, leg. P. Chen, N. Nieser &amp; J. Lapidin, CN1283, 10 males, 3 females. (Paratypes in RMNH, NCTN, NMPC, ZCSM).</p><p>Description.</p><p>Macropterous form (Fig. 18). Generally a medium-sized (body length 2.1-2.2), rather dark grayish-brown species, without obvious markings.</p><p>Dimensions. Length: male 2.07-2.22, female 2.11-2.13; width: male 0.92-1.00 female 1.01-1.04; diatone: male 0.74-0.76, female 0.75-0.77; width of pronotum: male 0.83-0.88, female 0.84-0.88; ocular index: male 1.57-1.89, female 1.76-2.05. Body length slightly over twice maximal width (male 2.16/0.97, female 2.12/1.02). Head in dorsal view short, its median length less than half the median length of pronotum (male 0.14/0.33, female 0.15/0.36). Head narrower than pronotum, synthlipsis 1.5-1.7 times as wide as the posterior margin of an eye (male 0.35/0.23, female 0.37/0.22).</p><p>Colour. Vertex yellowish, with a small dark brown point at middle of posterior margin (raised for air intake), eyes grayish. Pronotum unicolorous, medium-brown except for a narrow yellow transverse band along posterior margin. Scutellum reddish brown. Hemelytra medium brown, clavus with a reddish stripe along the scutellar margin, pruinose area at base of embolar groove black, apical third of corium light brown, laterally with a reddish tinge. Frons medium brown, rostrum with a dark median gray marking. Thoracic and abdominal venter dull dark grayish to blackish. Legs pale yellow, anterior femur with a brownish stripe and intermediate tarsus I with a small black spot distally.</p><p>Pronotum well developed, dorsally convex with lateral margins distinctly truncate (Fig. 18), about 2.5 times as wide as long (W/L male 0.85/0.34, female 0.87/0.36). Hemelytra (Fig. 27) smooth, beset with small, distinct spinules, most notably on corium. Spines laterally on abdominal segments: V with three short and one long spine; VI with two short and two long spines; VII with two short and two long spines; VIII with four or five short spines and two long hair–like bristles.</p><p>Legs. Length of leg segments: fore leg: male: femur 0.27, tibia 0.13, pala 0.14; female: femur 0.26, tibiotarsus 0.26; middle leg: male: femur 0.66, tibia 0.20, tarsus 0.37, claw 0.21; female: femur 0.65, tibia 0.23, tarsus 0.36, claw 0.21; hind leg: male: femur 0.49, tibia 0.35, tarsus I 0.38, tarsus II 0.16, claw 0.10; female: femur 0.46, tibia 0.38, tarsus I 0.38, tarsus II 0.16, claw 0.10. Palm of pala with about 14 bristles in upper row and about 17 in lower row.</p><p>Male. Fore femur (Fig. 37) with a pair of pegs on proximal third and one peg dorsodistally; tibia without dorsoapical peg; pala with three comparatively short dorsal hairs. Claw simple, dilated distally (Fig. 38). Dorsum of abdomen: prestrigilar flap (Fig. 47) with a elongate, weakly acute apex; strigil comparatively large, comb (Fig. 54) narrow, with about 75 teeth; free lobe of left part of tergite VIII (Fig. 70) with a somewhat sinuate apex with about 30 bristles. Left paramere (Fig. 81) with a wide, roughly parallel-sided shaft, apex abruptly narrowed; right paramere (Fig. 80) with a medium-sized shaft and an expanded apex with a short finger–like projection; basal lobe well developed, with 25 stridulatory ridges. Mediocaudal lobe of sternite VII (Fig. 62) with four bristles.</p><p>Female. General arrangement of bristles on fore femur is the same as in male. The seminal capsule of spermatheca mushroom–shaped (Fig. 94).</p><p>Comparative notes.</p><p>The right paramere is apically somewhat similar to that of Micronecta ornitheia Nieser et al., 2005 from Yunnan, China. However, the shaft of the right paramere of Micronecta orniteia is narrower, the left paramere is apically truncate; and it is a smaller species; body length of Micronecta orniteia is 1.7-1.9, body length of Micronecta lakimi is 2.1-2.2.</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>The species is named after Dr. Maklarin Lakim for his great service organizing the joint expedition to Sabah Parks in 2012, and his various activities in support of biodiversity exploration in Sabah Parks.</p><p>Habitat .</p><p>The type series was collected downstream of Mahua waterfall, at the edge of the stream with a slow current (Fig. 99).</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>Malaysia: Sabah (this paper).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/2F195B7DD2FE7911C57EF186D38F1F69	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Chen, Ping-ping;Nieser, Nico;Lapidin, Johnny	Chen, Ping-ping, Nieser, Nico, Lapidin, Johnny (2015): A review of Bornean Micronectidae (Hemiptera, Heteroptera, Nepomorpha) with descriptions of two new species from Sabah, Malaysia 1. ZooKeys 501: 27-62, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.501.9416, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.501.9416
681095E11C5A590E158B0E2C3EAE80E7.text	681095E11C5A590E158B0E2C3EAE80E7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Micronecta (Micronecta) skutalis Nieser & Chen 1999	<div><p>Taxon classification Animalia Hemiptera Micronectidae</p><p>Micronecta (Micronecta) skutalis Nieser &amp; Chen, 1999 Figs 19, 28, 39, 40, 48, 55, 63, 71, 84, 85, 95</p><p>Micronecta skutalis Nieser &amp; Chen, 1999: 86-87 (original description).</p><p>Type material examined.</p><p>Holotype macropterous male (RMNH), MALAYSIA: Sabah, 60 km W of Lahad Datu, Danum Valley Field Centre at junction of Sungai Segama and Sungai Palum Tambun, bridge of Segama, 4°58'N, 117°48'E, 750m a.s.l., edge of untouched lowland rainforest, 14 march 1987, at light, 18.20-22.30h leg. Van Tol &amp; Huisman. Paratypes, same data as holotype 12male 11 females (RMNH).</p><p>Additional material examined.</p><p>MALAYSIA: Borneo: Sabah: 60 km West of Lahad Datu: Danum Valley Field Centre, at junction of Sungai Segama and Sungai Palum Tambun, 4°58'N, 117°48'E, 150 m a.s.l., 14.iii.1987, 18.20-22.30 hr., edge of untouched evergreen lowland forest, leg. J. van Tol &amp; Huisman, 5 males, 14 females. (RMNH, 2 males, 2 females NCTN); 75 km West of Lahad Datu, confl. S. Sabran, S. Danum, S/N, 4°57'N, 117°41'E, 200 m, 23.x.1987, leg. J. Huisman &amp; R. de Jong, 1 male, 2 females; 10 km SE of Ranau, Kg. Nalapak, Sungai Kananapun, 5°58'N, 116°47'E, 7.ii.1987, leg. J. Huisman, 2 females (RMNH). All macropterous, collected at light.</p><p>Redescription</p><p>(based on dry specimens mounted on carton). Macropterous form (Fig. 19). A small (length 1.5-1.7 mm), light to medium-brown species; hemelytra smooth, with a variable number of small pegs scattered over their surface.</p><p>Dimensions. Length, male 1.52-1.57, female 1.53-1.70; width, male 0.63-0.70, female 0.62-0.70; diatone, male 0.53-0.56, female 0.51-0.55; width of pronotum, male 0.56-0.61, female 0.57-0.59; ocular index, male 1.44-1.61, female 1.57-1.86. Body length 2.3-2.6 the maximal width. Pronotum slightly wider than head, synthlipsis wider than the posterior width of an eye (S/E 0.23/0.17).</p><p>Colour. Frons and vertex sordid yellow, eyes grayish. Pronotum and hemelytra sordid yellow to light brown; hemelytra with an often indistinct, transverse medium to dark brown band at middle (Fig. 28), left membrane medium to dark brown. Venter: thorax sordid yellow, laterally infuscate; abdomen grayish brown, medially variably lighter. Legs pale yellow.</p><p>Pronotum dorsally convex, 2-2.5 times as wide as long (W/L 2.1-2.7, Fig. 19). Hemelytra beset with spinules arranged in longitudinal rows and along membranal suture. Spines laterally on abdominal segments: V with two short and one long stout spine; VI with two short and one or two longer spines; VII with two short and two long stout spines; VIII with five short spines and two long hair-like bristles.</p><p>Legs. Length of leg segments: fore leg: male: femur 0.31, tibia 0.15, pala 0.21; female: femur 0.32, tibiotarsus 0.32; middle leg: male: femur 0.53, tibia 0.19, tarsus 0.26, claw 0.19; female: femur 0.50, tibia 0.18, tarsus 0.26, claw 0.15; hind leg: male: femur 0.32, tibia 0.28, tarsus I 0.25, tarsus II 0.12, claw 0.09; female: femur 0.33, tibia 0.29, tarsus I 0.27, tarsus II 0.12, claw 0.09. Palmar bristles 15-19 in upper row, about 14-17 in lower row.</p><p>Male . Fore femur (Fig. 39) with a pair of pegs on proximal third, and two or three small pegs distally; tibia with two to three small spines near dorsal margin; pala (Fig. 40) with three long dorsal hairs. Claw simple, clavate. Dorsum of abdomen: prestrigilar flap (Fig. 48) with a short apex; strigil (Fig. 55) small, sub-oval, one comb with about 60 teeth; free lobe of left part of tergite VIII (Fig. 71) more or less parallel-sided, softly curved, with a rounded apex and about10 apical bristles. Mediocaudal lobe of sternite VII (Fig. 63) short, acute, with four larger bristles. Left paramere (Fig. 85) parallel-sided, apically rounded, with an indentation at the base of the shaft; right paramere in lateral view (Fig. 84) apically dilated, basal lobe with about eight stridulatory ridges.</p><p>Female. Fore femur with the same general arrangement of pegs and setae as in male. Seminal capsule of spermatheca ovate (Fig. 95).</p><p>Comparative notes.</p><p>Its small size separates this species from other Bornean species of Micronecta, except for Micronecta lumutensis (see that species).</p><p>Habitat.</p><p>The specimens all have been collected at light near a stream.</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>Malaysia: Sabah (Nieser and Chen 1999).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/681095E11C5A590E158B0E2C3EAE80E7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Chen, Ping-ping;Nieser, Nico;Lapidin, Johnny	Chen, Ping-ping, Nieser, Nico, Lapidin, Johnny (2015): A review of Bornean Micronectidae (Hemiptera, Heteroptera, Nepomorpha) with descriptions of two new species from Sabah, Malaysia 1. ZooKeys 501: 27-62, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.501.9416, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.501.9416
F25E3B2A8FF46AE1BD6C2497BDE0B27E.text	F25E3B2A8FF46AE1BD6C2497BDE0B27E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Corixoidea (Sigmonecta) Wroblewski 1962	<div><p>Taxon classification Animalia Hemiptera Micronectidae</p><p>Subgenus Sigmonecta Wroblewski, 1962</p><p>Type species.</p><p>Micronecta quadristrigata Breddin, 1905, by monotypy.</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Medium-sized to larger Micronecta, body length 2.2-3.2 mm. Males with process of abdominal sternite VII elongate, tongue-like, with a rounded tip (Figs 64, 65), and without larger bristles; strigil present; free lobe of tergite VIII sigmoid (Fig. 72); and left paramere with a sickle-shaped apex (Figs 87, 89).</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>Wróblewski (1962: 176) erected Sigmonecta as a new subgenus for Micronecta quadristrigata Breddin, 1905, without describing the subgenus. His comments were as follows: "I have already stressed in an earlier paper ( Wróblewski 1960 a) the isolated systematic position of Micronecta quadristrigata Bred. Now I propose to place it in a separate, so far monotypic subgenus Sigmonecta subg. n., named so on account of the sigmoid outline of the eighth abdominal tergite in the males."</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/F25E3B2A8FF46AE1BD6C2497BDE0B27E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Chen, Ping-ping;Nieser, Nico;Lapidin, Johnny	Chen, Ping-ping, Nieser, Nico, Lapidin, Johnny (2015): A review of Bornean Micronectidae (Hemiptera, Heteroptera, Nepomorpha) with descriptions of two new species from Sabah, Malaysia 1. ZooKeys 501: 27-62, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.501.9416, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.501.9416
DC59E2BC4CB3E05AE0949EE8C8D859FC.text	DC59E2BC4CB3E05AE0949EE8C8D859FC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Micronecta (Sigmonecta) kymatista Nieser & Chen 1999	<div><p>Taxon classification Animalia Hemiptera Micronectidae</p><p>Micronecta (Sigmonecta) kymatista Nieser &amp; Chen, 1999 Figs 8, 20, 41, 49, 56, 64, 72, 86, 87, 96</p><p>Micronecta kymatista Nieser &amp; Chen, 1999: 82-83 (original description).</p><p>Type material examined.</p><p>Holotype macropterous male (RMNH), INDONESIA: Sulawesi Utara, Dumoga Bone N.P. Malibagu Road 10 km H, ca. 250m a.s.l., 2 sept.1985, secondary growth, at light, leg. J. Huijbregts, HH437. Paratypes, same data as holotype, 14 males, 16 females (RMNH).</p><p>Additional Material examined.</p><p>INDONESIA: Sulawesi Utara: Dumoga Bone N.P., Malibagu Road, 10 km N, ca. 250 m a.s.l., 2.ix.1985, second growth, at light, leg. J. Huijbregts, 1 female. Sulawesi Tenggara: Wawonggole, Sungai Anggoro, 20.ii.1989, sluggish stream in open woodland, leg. N. Nieser, N8801, 1 female; Sulawesi Tenggara: Desa Kagunyala, pond overgrown by Azolla and Lemna, 21.ii.1989, leg. N. Nieser, N8906, 1 male; Sulawesi Tenggara: Pulau Buton, mangrove swamp along road Bau-bau to Lawele, 9.iii.1989, leg. N. Nieser, 2 males (all macropterous paratypes, in NCTN).</p><p>Redescription.</p><p>Macropterous form. Generally a quite large (body length 2.8-3.1), light to medium-brown species; corium with four longitudinal, brownish stripes, very often interrupted.</p><p>Dimensions. Length: male 2.8-2.9, female 2.9-3.1; width: male 1.25-1.32, female 1.28-1.39; diatone: male 1.01-1.03, female 1.04-1.11; width of pronotum: male 0.98-1.01, female 1.02-1.08; ocular index: male 1.25-1.32, female 1.17-1.30. Body length 2.15 times maximal width (male 2.46/1.10, female 2.79/1.22). Head slightly wider than pronotum (male 1.02/1.00, female 1.08/1.05), synthlipsis 1.2 times as wide as the posterior margin of an eye.</p><p>Colour. Frons and vertex sordid yellow, eyes grayish. Pronotum light to medium brown, disk unmarked, posterior margin with a distinct yellowish stripe. Hemelytra sordid yellow to light brown, clavus with a darker medium-brown stripe along the suture between clavus and corium suture, corium typically with four fragmented longitudinal medium-brown stripes (Fig. 20), embolium yellowish with three or four indistinct brownish spots; right membrane poorly delimited from the corium, with the same colour and texture but without darker stripes; left membrane more distinctly separated from corium, hyaline to somewhat smoky and more membranous than the corium. Venter, abdomen, thorax, and legs pale yellow.</p><p>Pronotum well developed, dorsally convex with lateral margins straight or more or less truncate (Fig. 20), about three times as wide as long (W/L male 1.00/0.34, female 1.05/0.36). Hemelytra smooth, beset with numerous small but distinct spinules. Spines laterally on abdominal segments: V with two short and one longer stout spine; VI with two or three short and one long spine; VII with two or three short and one long stout spine; VIII with five or six short and one longer, stout spine and two long hair-like bristles.</p><p>Legs. Length of leg segments: fore leg: male: femur 0.26, tibia 0.14, pala 0.14; female: femur 0.26, tibiotarsus 0.26; middle leg: male: femur 0.70, tibia 0.23, tarsus 0.30, claw 0.25; female: femur 0.76, tibia 0.23, tarsus 0.33, claw 0.26; hind leg: male: femur 0.46, tibia 0.36, tarsus I 0.40, tarsus II 0.13, claw 0.08; female: femur 0.48, tibia 0.37, tarsus I 0.44, tarsus II 0.16, claw 0.08. Palmar bristles: 15 in upper and lower row.</p><p>Male. Fore femur with a pair of pegs on proximal third, and a pair of small pegs distally; tibia with a dorsoapical peg. Pala (Fig. 41) with three long dorsal hairs, the apical bristles in lower row distinctly thicker than the bristles of lower row. Claw broadly clavate, gradually dilated from base to apex, without ventral notch. Dorsum of abdomen: prestrigilar lobe (Fig. 49) difficult to observe, strigil (Fig. 56) with one, relatively broad comb with about 50 elongate teeth. Median lobe of sternite VII (Fig. 64) apically narrow with a rounded apex, without obvious longer bristles. Free lobe of left part of tergite VIII (Fig. 72) sigmoid with about 12 apical bristles. Medial margin of right lobe of tergite VIII with 28-35 bristles caudally, placed in a double to triple row on caudal half (Fig. 8). Left paramere (Fig. 87) with a comparatively narrow shaft and a sickle-shaped apex; right paramere, in lateral view (Fig. 86), with an evenly curved, more or less parallel-sided, apically tapering shaft, basal lobe with about 40 stridulatory ridges on the pars stridens.</p><p>Female. Fore leg with the same general arrangement of pegs and setae as in male. Seminal capsule of spermatheca elongate-clavate (Fig. 96).</p><p>Comparative notes.</p><p>This species is similar to Micronecta quadristrigata, which is smaller on average and has fewer bristles on the caudal half of inner margin of right part of tergite VIII in males (see key and Figs 8-9).</p><p>Habitat.</p><p>This species has been found in ponds and sluggish streams mostly in less disturbed areas.</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>Indonesia: Sulawesi and Borneo (Kalimantan Timur) (Nieser and Chen 1999).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/DC59E2BC4CB3E05AE0949EE8C8D859FC	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Chen, Ping-ping;Nieser, Nico;Lapidin, Johnny	Chen, Ping-ping, Nieser, Nico, Lapidin, Johnny (2015): A review of Bornean Micronectidae (Hemiptera, Heteroptera, Nepomorpha) with descriptions of two new species from Sabah, Malaysia 1. ZooKeys 501: 27-62, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.501.9416, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.501.9416
2592BCF84080E202942748F338DD0D57.text	2592BCF84080E202942748F338DD0D57.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Micronecta (Sigmonecta) quadristrigata Breddin 1905	<div><p>Taxon classification Animalia Hemiptera Micronectidae</p><p>Micronecta (Sigmonecta) quadristrigata Breddin, 1905 new record for Borneo Figs 5, 9, 21, 23, 29, 42, 50, 57, 65, 73, 88, 89, 97</p><p>Micronecta quadristrigata Breddin, 1905a: 57 (original description).</p><p>Micronecta quadristrigata: Breddin 1905b: 156-157 (extensive description).</p><p>Micronecta quadristrigata: Lundblad 1933: 87-191 (redescription).</p><p>Micronecta quadristrigata: Wróblewski 1960: 301-304 (additional distributional and morphological notes).</p><p>Micronecta (Sigmonecta) quadristrigata: Wróblewski 1962: 176 (introducing subgenus).</p><p>Micronecta quadristrigata: Wróblewski 1968: 776 (checklist).</p><p>Micronecta quadristrigata: Wróblewski 1972: 29-133 (redefinition of species).</p><p>Micronecta (Sigmonecta) quadristrigata: Jansson 1995: 34 (catalogue).</p><p>Micronecta quadristrigata Cassis &amp; Goss, 1995: 69 (distribution in Australia)</p><p>Micronecta quadristrigata: Nieser and Chen 1999: 80 [recorded from Indonesia (Sulawesi) and Philippines (Mindanao)].</p><p>Micronecta quadristrigata: Chen et al. 2005: 420 (checklist).</p><p>Micronecta quadristrigata: Tinerella 2008: 39-145 [distribution in New Guinea Island, record from Indonesia (Moluccas)].</p><p>Micronecta (Sigmonecta) quadristrigata: Linnavuori et al 2011: 77-178 (record from United Arab Emirates).</p><p>Micronecta quadristrigata: Tinerella 2013: 102 (redescription, additional records in Australia).</p><p>Micronecta (Sigmonecta) quadristrigata For a discussion on the status of Micronecta minthe Distant, 1911, which is considered by some authors as a subspecies or synonym of Micronecta quadristrigata, see Jansson (1995) and Wróblewski (1972a).</p><p>Type material examined.</p><p>Syntype, INDONESIA: "Kotype; Djokjokarta (= Yogyakarta), Java, K. Kraepelin; leg. 18.III.1904, ded. 8.VI.1904; Breddin determ.; Lundblad revid. 1934", 1f (ZMUH); syntype, INDONESIA: "Kotype; Buitenzorg (= Bogor)", 1m 1f (ZMUH).</p><p>Additional material examined.</p><p>MALAYSIA: Sabah: Kota Belud Dist., Mt. Kinabalu, pond at Kampong Kiau, 06°01.48'N, 116°29.14'E, 1003 m a.s.l., 15.ix.2012, leg. P. Chen, N. Nieser &amp; J. Lapidin, CN1273, 9 males, 15 females; Sabah, Kota Belud Dist., Mt. Kinabalu, Kota Belud, Head Quarter of Kinabalu Park, tributary of Sungai Kadamaian, 06°02.09'N, 116°29.39'E, 1410 m. a.s.l., 16.ix.2012, leg. P. Chen, N. Nieser &amp; J. Lapidin, CN1275, 2 males; all macropterous (NCTN).</p><p>Redescription.</p><p>Macropterous form. Generally a medium-sized to quite large (body length reported 2.2-3.2, most specimens 2.5-3.0), yellowish to light-brown species, with four variable, indistinct, longitudinal, brown stripes on corium.</p><p>Dimensions. Length: male 2.2-2.9, female 2.5-3.2; width: male 1.07-1.15, female 1.12-1.37; diatone: male 0.83-1.12, female 0.87-1.18; width of pronotum: male 0.82-1.11, female 0.86-1.17; ocular index: male 1.20-1.55, female 1.17-2.16. Body length two and a quarter times maximal width (male 2.46/1.10, female 2.79/1.22). Head slightly wider than pronotum (male 0.89/0.88, female 0.99/0.98), synthlipsis 1.4-1.5 times as wide as the posterior margin of an eye.</p><p>Colour. Frons and vertex sordid yellow, eyes grayish. Pronotum light brown, virtually unmarked in most specimens, in some specimens, with two indistinct, usually interrupted transverse stripes, posterior margin with a poorly defined yellowish stripe. Hemelytra sordid yellow to light brown, clavus with a darker medium-brown stripe along the claval suture, and a smaller medium-brown streak near the inner angle; corium typically with four interrupted, longitudinal, medium- brown stripes (Figs 21, 23, 29), embolium with four black spots; right membrane poorly delimited from the corium, with the same colour and texture but without darker stripes; left membrane more distinctly separated from corium, hyaline and more membranous than the corium. Venter, thorax, and legs pale yellow, abdomen yellowish to light brown.</p><p>Pronotum well developed, dorsally convex with lateral margins straight or more or less truncate (Fig. 21), slightly over 2.5 times as wide as long (W/L male 0.88/0.34, female 0.98/0.37). Hemelytra smooth, beset with numerous small but distinct spinules. Spines laterally on abdominal segments: V with three short and one longer stout spine; VI with two short and two long spines; VII four short and one long stout spine; VIII with six short to longer, stout spines and one long hair-like bristle.</p><p>Leg. Length of leg segments: fore leg: male: femur 0.38, tibia 0.16, pala 0.16; female: femur 0.38, tibiotarsus 0.36; middle leg: male: femur 0.89, tibia 0.26, tarsus 0.38, claw 0.34, female; femur 0.98, tibia 0.28, tarsus 0.41, claw 0.3; hind leg: male: femur 0.58, tibia 0.42, tarsus I 0.42, tarsus II 0.19, claw 0.10; female: femur 0.62, tibia 0.46, tarsus I 0.46, tarsus II 0.21, claw 0.12. Palmar bristles: 14 to 15 in upper row, 11 to 12 in lower row.</p><p>Male . Fore femur (Fig. 42) with a pair of pegs in proximal third, two (in some specimens only one) small pegs about midway dorsally and a small peg dorsodistally; tibia with a larger peg subventrally on apical third and two small dorsoapical pegs; pala with four long dorsal hairs, distal bristle of lower row much stouter and longer than other lower bristles. Claw plump, clavate. Dorsum of abdomen: prestrigilar lobe with a short, broadly rounded apex, strigil (Fig. 57) sub-oval, comb with about 25 long teeth, free lobe of left part of tergite VIII (Fig. 73) sigmoid-shaped. Left paramere (Fig. 89) with a wide shaft, apex sickle-shaped; right paramere in lateral view (Fig. 88) with an evenly curved shaft, basal lobe strongly developed with about 50 stridulatory ridges; in dorsolateral view, the shaft is somewhat sinuous. Mediocaudal lobe of sternite VII (Fig. 65), long, with apical part elongate and obtusely rounded apically, without larger bristles.</p><p>Female. Fore femur with the same general arrangement of pegs and setae as in male. The seminal capsule of spermatheca elongate-clavate (Fig. 97).</p><p>Notes.</p><p>Micronecta quadristrigata might have an even broader range of size variation. Wróblewski (1960a) reported that females had a length up to 3.3 mm from Hong Kong, and Leong (1966) measured females with a length up to 3.4 mm from the Malay Peninsula. However, we have never seen specimens with a length over 3.1 mm.</p><p>Comparative notes.</p><p>See discussion under Micronecta kymatista .</p><p>Habitat .</p><p>Various stagnant and slowly flowing waters, especially in agricultural fields, including rice fields.</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>Widely spread through South and Southeast Asia to Hong Kong and Taiwan, and through Indonesia to the Philippines, New Guinea, and N. Australia; United Arab Emirates (Linnavuori et al 2011), Iran ( Wróblewski 1960), India (Hutchinson 1940), Sri Lanka ( Wróblewski 1964), Thailand ( Wróblewski 1972), Vietnam ( Wróblewski 1962), southern China, including Taiwan ( Wróblewski 1968, 1972), West Malaysia (Leong 1966), Indonesia (Breddin 1905a, Lundblad 1933, Nieser and Chen 1999, Tinerella 2013), Philippines (Polhemus and Reisen 1976, Nieser and Chen 1999), New Guinea (Tinerella 2008), and Australia (Cassis and Gross 1995, Tinerella 2013).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/2592BCF84080E202942748F338DD0D57	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Chen, Ping-ping;Nieser, Nico;Lapidin, Johnny	Chen, Ping-ping, Nieser, Nico, Lapidin, Johnny (2015): A review of Bornean Micronectidae (Hemiptera, Heteroptera, Nepomorpha) with descriptions of two new species from Sabah, Malaysia 1. ZooKeys 501: 27-62, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.501.9416, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.501.9416
